LOCAL STUDIES SELF ESTEEM 1. Lccs Almogela. L et al (2013) showed that there is no significant difference between the relationship of self-esteem and health-related behavior when grouped according to males and females. It implied that when it comes to the variable gender, the relationship of self-esteem and health related behavior of males and females are not significantly different from one another. The researchers used the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scalein Saint Louis University School of Nursing Baguio City. There is no significant difference between self-esteem and health related behaviours of males and females, because gender does not moderate the relationship between the self-esteem and health-related behaviors (Stress and Gender in relation to Self-esteem of University Business students, 2011). This study in contradictory to some researches in which the relationship of self-esteem and health-related behaviors of males and females shown that there was a statistically significant difference with one another, which shows that males scored significantly higher level of self-esteem than females (Self-esteem and optimism in rural youth: Gender differences, 2010).
Almogela. L et al (2013) ., Cacapit, Z., Caldito, R., Corpuz, A., Domede, K., Fajardo, C., Garcia, M., Lacap, J., Magsingit, C., Mangaoang, K., Pasiliao, F., Sayson, J., Cacanindin, C.,
Saint Louis University School of Nursing 2013
Ukeh, M., Aloh, P., & Kwahar, N. (2011). STRESS AND GENDER IN RELATION TO SELFESTEEM OF UNIVERSITY BUSINESS STUDENTS. Retrieved from http://www.ajol.info/index.php/gab/journal/view/67471
2. Self-Esteem and its Correlates among University Freshmen Biotechnology Major Melanio T. Olea*1, Merlene M. Bernal2 and Rogelio M. Hernandez3 Biotechnology Department, College of Arts and Sciences* 1, OVPRES1 2, OP-IAS3 Rizal Technological University, Mandaluyong City, Philippines *Corresponding address:
[email protected] Studies in the College of Arts and Sciences in Rizal Technological University, Mandaluyong City, Philippines , Olea et al. (2012) both the male and female student respondents showed positive perception of their self-esteem. A self-administered survey that rates the level of self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Test (Rosenberg, 1985) was used. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Test was used because it is being referred to as generally the standard tool against which other measures of selfesteem are compared. It is composed of 10 questions and scored using the four-point response scale, ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Blascovitch and Tanaka (1991) reported that the items included in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Test are face valid, scale is short and easy. In addition, the
PERCEIVED STRESS 1. Stress, Stressors, and Stress Responses of Student Nurses in a Government Nursing School Leodoro Jabien Labrague, Associate Dean, College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Samar State University, Philippines Perceived stress scale (PSS)
To examine nursing students’ stress levels and types of stressors, the PSS was utilized. This instrument was developed by Sheu et al. It is a five-point Likert-type scale that consists of 29 items grouped into six factors, labeled as follows: ‘Stress from taking care of patients’ (8 items), ‘Stress from teachers and nursing staff’ (6 items), ‘Stress from assignments and workload’ (5 items), ‘Stress from peers and daily life’ (4 items), ‘Stress from lack of professional knowledge and skills’ (3 items), and ‘Stress from clinical environment’ (3 items). Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale (0=never, 1=almost never, 2=sometimes, 3=fairly often and 4=very often). Usually, both total scores and individual subscale scores are measured. Higher scores indicate higher level of stress. To determine the level of stress, the following scaling was used; 2.67 – 4.00 for High Stress, 1.34 – 2.66 for Moderate Stress, and 0 – 1.33 for Low Stress. This study investigated the level of stress, stressors, and physio-psycho-social responses to stress among Filipino student nurses in a government nursing school. Result of this investigation has demonstrated that perceived level of stress in Filipino student nurses was considered as moderate stress. This finding is in keeping with the results obtained by previous authors. 12, 21, 29 However, in a study conducted among Greek student nurses stress level was mild. 35 Stress in minimal amount can be beneficial on the person’s wellbeing30 especially when faced with challenge and responsibility, 11 however extension to or below these stress or excitement levels can harm to the individual when exposure is chronic. Findings of this study calls for a greater challenge for nurse educators in planning strategies to prevent recurrence of stress among
students while keeping them motivated to achieve for a greater learning. 2. A Pilot Study Quantifying Filipino Nurses’ Perception of Stress Elizabeth M. Andal California State University, Bakersfield 2006 Instrument The Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) was used in this study. See French, Lenton, Walters, and Eyles (2000) for reliability and validity data. The Expanded Nursing Stress Scale questionnaire was used in this study. The scale is designed to measure nurse stress levels categorized as: death and dying, conflict with physicians, inadequate preparation, problems with peers, problems with supervisors, workload, uncertainty concerning treatment,
