Load Estimation in Buildings_(Elec-Eng-world.blogspot.com)

Electric Load Estimation For High Rise Buildings

Total Electric Load Estimation For residential Buildings In general for the first estimation of the total power required for residential buildings 1- Economic Residential Building Power density = 2 – 4 KV KVA A / 100 m2 2- Moderate Residential Building Power density = 5 – 7 KVA / 100 m2 3- Luxurious Residential Building Power density = 8  10 KVA / 100 m2

Lighting Indoor Lighting

Lighting Power Estimation 1- Residential Buildings, Pd = 10 VA / m2 2- Offices, Pd = 20 VA / m2 3- Malls, Pd = 40 VA /m2 4- Colleges and Schools, Pd = 25 VA / m2 5- Hospitals, Pd = 20 VA / m2

 Allowed lighting power  There are two Methods to estimate the lighting power in commercial buildings:  A. Complete Building Method. B. Area Category Method.

 A. Complete Building Method  The building must consist of one type of use for a minimum of 90% of the floor area of the entire building (in determining the area of the primary type of use, include the following areas if they serve as support for the primary type of use: lobbies, corridors, restrooms and storage closets).

Tabl e 1  – C o m p l e te B u i l d i n g M e t h o d Li gh tin g Pow er Dens ity Values (Watts/m²) 

TYPE OF USE Auditoriums Convention centers Financial institutions General commercial and industrial work buildings High bay Low bay Grocery stores Hotel Industrial and commercial storage buildings Medical buildings and clinics Office buildings Parking Garages Religious facilities Restaurants Retail and wholesale stores* Schools Theaters All others

ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER 17 14 12 12 11 17 15 8.0 12 12 5.0 17 13 17 14 15 7.0

Example: Complete Building Method 

A 1000-m² medical clinic building is to be built. What is its allowed lighting power under the complete building approach?

 Answer From Table the Standards, medical buildings and clinics are allowed 12 w/m2. The allowed lighting power is 1000 x 12 = 12000 W. = 12 KW.

B. Area Category Method For purposes of the area category method, an "area" is defined as all contiguous spaces that accommodate or are associated with a single primary function as listed in Standards Table

Table 2 –  Standards Table for Area Category Method Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m²) •

PRIMARY FUNCTION

ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER

•

Auditorium

17*

•

Auto repair

13 **

•

Classrooms, lecture, training, vocational room

14

•

Civic Meeting Place

15*

•

Commercial and industrial storage

7.0

•

Convention, conference, multipurpose and meeting centers

16*

•

Corridors, restrooms, stairs and support areas

7.0

•

Dining

12*

•

Electrical, mechanical rooms

8 **

•

Exercise center, gymnasium

11

•

Exhibit, museum

20

•

Financial transactions

13*

•

General commercial and industrial work

•

High bay

12**

•

Low bay

11 **

•

Precision

15 ***

•

Grocery sales

18

•

Housing, Public and Commons Areas

•

Multi-family

11

•

Dormitory, Senior Housing

16

•

Hotel function area

16*

Table 2 –  Standards Table for Area Category Method Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m²) •

Kitchen, food preparation

18

•

Laundry

10

•

Library

•

Reading areas

14

•

Stacks

18

•

Stacks

•

Lobbies

•

Hotel lobby

12*

•

Main entry lobby

18*

•

Locker/dressing room

10

•

Lounge/recreation

12

•

Malls and atria

14*

•

Medical and clinical care

14

•

Office

14

•

Parking garage

5.0

•

Religious worship

16*

•

Retail merchandise sales, wholesale showrooms

•

Tenant lease space

•

Transportation function

•

Theaters

•

Motion picture

•

Performance

16*

•

Waiting area

13*

•

All other

7.0

18

20 11 12 10*

Table 2 –  Standards Table for Area Category Method Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m²) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Lobbies Hotel lobby Main entry lobby Locker/dressing room Lounge/recreation Malls and atria Medical and clinical care Office Parking garage Religious worship Retail merchandise sales, wholesale showrooms Tenant lease space Transportation function Theaters Motion picture Performance Waiting area All other

12* 18* 10 12 14* 14 14 5.0 16* 20 11 12 10* 16* 13* 7.0

Example: Area Category Method A small bank building has the following area distribution: Corridors 80 m2 Main Entry Lobby 20 m2 Financial Transactions 120 m2 Manager’s Office 20 m2

What is the allowed lighting power for this building under the area category method? Answer The following Lighting Power Densities apply (from Table 2): Space LPD Area Allowed Watts Corridors Main Entry Financial Transactions Manager’s Office

Total

7.0 W 16 W 13 W

80 m2 20 m2 120 m2

560 320 1560

14 W

20 m2

280

 ______ 2720 W

Question •

A 1000-m2 multi-use building is to be built consisting of:

•

A) 50 m2 main entry lobby,

•

B) 200 m2 corridors and restroom,

•

C) 300 m2 grocery store,

•

D) 250 m2 retail, and

•

E) 200 m2 future development.

•

What is the allowed lighting power under the area category method?

Normal Sockets In general sockets can arranged in the free spaces between furniture OR One socket can be assigned for each 5 m The power of a normal socket can be taken as 250 VA

Power Sockets Power sockets can be put in the kitchens and offices The power of the power sockets can be 1 KVA 2 KVA 3 KVA OR as required

UPS Sockets For the information technology equipments it is required to use UPS to supply the sockets supplies these equipments.

Air Conditioning Power Estimation Houses, Pd

= 65 w/m2

Offices, Pd

= 70 w / m2

Shops, Pd

= 90 w / m2

Malls, Pd

= 80 w / m2

Colleges and Schools, Pd = 100 w / m2

Air Conditioning Power Estimation OR From 3.5 to 5.5 ton / 100 m2 Power in Kw = No. of tons x (1.6  – 2.5)

Kw

Elevators The number and type of the elevators will be determined by the architecture engineer. To estimate the power required for the elevators

P elev. = 15 – 25

Kw

Pumps Number and size of the water pump can be determined by the mechanical engineer To estimate the power required for the pumps

1- Water pump power = 5 KVA 2- Fire pump power

= 15 KVA