LK Modul 3 Pedagogik

 

IJ 40 Ikehdr Jkr`d Hkid`dr Edfogrg  @uoui Eloui  @uoui Jkbgdtdf Hkid`dr (JH)

Fl 4

Hutgr Xkcikjsg Odct dctdr pktd jlfskp (gstgidm odf okcgfgsg) og eloui gfg

^KEHKID@DXDF GFLSD_GC 4. ^KEHK ^KEHKID ID@D @DXD XDF F Q_K Q_KDE DE 8. ^KEHKID@DXDF HKXHDQGQ FK[XLQDGFQ 1. ^KEHKID@DXDF OGBG_DI ?. ELOKI ^KEHKID@DXDF ’HIKFOKO IKDXFGFB― Xksplf/@dwdhdf JH 4. ^kehkid`drdf Q_KDE 4. ^k ^keh ehki kid` d`dr drdf df Q_KD Q_KDE E sgfb sgfbj jdt dtdf df odrg drg pkehkid`drdf Qagk Qa gkfa fak k, _kam _kamf fli lilb lby, y, Kfbgfkkrgfb, Drt dfo   Edtmkedtgas  8. Gieu Gieu ^kfbk kfbktd tdmu mudf df Dide ide (G^ (G^D) dodi dodidm dm jd`gdf jd` gdf ckf ckflek lekfd fd did dide e ydfb ekighd ekighdtjd tjdf f lhskrvdsg odf pkfbujurdf uftuj ekf` ek f`ki kidsj dsjdf df sk skadr adrd d lh`k lh`kjt jtgc gc dide dide ydfb ydfb skidiu hkruhdm 1. _kjflilbg _kjflilbg dodidm dodidm gflvdsg-g gflvdsg-gflvdsg flvdsg edfusgd edfusgd  ydfb ogbufdjdf uftuj ekelogcgjdsg dide db dbdr dr ekek ekekfu fumg mg jk jkh hutum utumdf df edfu edfusg sgd d odide hkftuj pkrdftg jkrds edupuf adrd strdtkbgs ?. _kjfgj dodidm pkfk fkrrdp dpdf df gieu odf tkjflilbg uftuj ekfykiksdgjdf pkredsdidmdf edfusgd ;. Qkfg Qkfg dodid dodidm m dodi dodidm dm sk skbd bdid id sk sksu sudt dtu u ydfb ydfb ogagptdjdf likm edfusgd ydfb ekfbdf dfo oufb ufsur jkgfodmdf odf edepu ekehdfbjgtjdf pkrdsddf ogrgfyd skfogrg edupuf lrdfb idgf 3. Edtkedtgjd Edtkedtgjd dodidm dodidm gieu tkftdfb tkftdfb plid-plid plid-plid odf muhufbdf-muhufbdf ydfb ekfykogdjdf hdmdsd hdbg tkjflilbg, G^D, tkjfgj 2. odf Q_KD Q_KDE E sk skhd hdbd bdgg jkrd jkrdfb fbjd jd jkr` jkr`d d uftu uftuj j ekfbd`dr igftds ogsgpigf gieu, odf skhdbdg skhudm pkfokjdtdf mligstgj gftkbrdtgc  =. Qkt Qktgdp gdp ogsgpigf ogsgpigf Q_KDE ogd`drjdf ogd`drjdf skadrd skadrd tkrpgsdm uftuj ekf`dbd oledgf pkfb pk fbkt ktdm dmud udf f od odid ide e hdtd hdtdss-hd hdtd tds s odrg odrg edsgfbedsgfb ogsgpigf (Dseufgv, 8>4;) 7. ^dod pkfokjdtdf sgil, pkehkid`drdf hkrt hk rtue uepu pu pdod pdod edsgf edsgfbb-ed edsg sgfb fb hgod hgodfb fb pkid pk id`d `drd rdf f skmg skmgfb fbbd bd ekeu ekeufb fbjg jgfj fjdf df pkskrtd ogogj uftuj ekfodpdtjdf pkedmdedf y d fb ekfodide odf og ogidj idjuj ujdf df pkfgi pkfgidgd dgdf f pdod pdod tgdp tgdp hgod hgodfb fb pkid`drdf Q_KDE (@ufgdty, Qgtg, Quprgylfl08>43) 4>.^kfokjdtdf 4>.^kfokjdt df pkehkid`drdf pkehkid`drdf Q_KDE mdrus

 

ogpdfodfb skhdbdg ogpdfodfb skhdbdg jkrdfbjd jkrdfbjd jlfskptudi jlfskptudi  ydfb ekiujgsjdf prlskour ydfb sgstkedtgs 44.^kfokjdtdf 44.^kfokjdt df pkehkid`drdf pkehkid`drdf Q_KDE mdrus ekfblr ekf blrbdfg bdfgsds sdsgjd gjdf f pkf pkfbdi bdidedf dedf hkid`d hkid`drr uftuj uft uj ekfadp ekfadpdg dg tu` tu`udf udf hki hkid`d d`drr Q_KDE Q_KDE skad skadrrd tkrtd krtdfd fde e (kehkooko ) edu dup puf tkrpdou (gftkbrdtko  (gftkbrdtko ) 48.^kfokjdtdf 48.^kfokj dtdf tkrtdf tkrtdfde de (kehkooko ) pdod dod Q_KDE ikhgm ekfkjdfjdf uftuj ekepkrtdmdfjdf jkdsigdf edtkrg pkid pk id`d `drd rdf f ydfb ydfb ekf ekf`d `dog og hgod hgodfb fb utde utded, d, tg tgod odj j clju cljus s pdod pdod edtd edtd pkid` pkid`dr drdf df ydfb ydfb tkrtdfd tkr tdfde, e, odf edtkrg edtkrg pdo pdod d pkfokj pkfokjdtdf dtdf tkrtdfde tgodj ogrdfadfb uftuj ogkvdiudsg dtdu ogfgidg 41.^k 41 .^kfo fokj kjdt dtdf df sgil ekfgid ekfgidgg edsgfb edsgfb-edsgfb -edsgfb hgodfb hgo dfb Q_K Q_KDE DE (jd (jdrkf rkfd d ogdfbb ogdfbbdp dp skeud skeud hgodfb dodidm utded) skodfbjdf pkfokj pkf okjdtdf dtdf tkrtdf tkrtdfde, de, pkfgid pkfgidgdf gdf mdfyd mdfyd ogcljusjdf pdod hgodfb ydfb utded odf hgodfb ydfb tkrtdfde pdod hgodfb utded tgodj ogfgidg (@ufgdty, Qgtg, Quprgylfl08>43) 4?.^ .^k kfokjdtdf tkrpdou (gftkbrdtko) ekeu ek eufb fbjg jgfj fjdf df sk sktg tgdp dp hgod hgodfb fb Q_KD Q_KDE E ogd`drjdf sklidm-lidm tkrpdou odide sdtu hgodfb stuog 4;.^kfokj 4;.^kf okjdtdf dtdf pkfogo pkfogogjd gjdf f Q_KDE Q_KDE tkrpdo tkrpdou u (gftkbrdtko ) hkrtu hkrtu`udf `udf uftuj ekfbmdpus ekfbmdpus ogfogf ogf ogfb b pkegsd pkegsdm m dft dftdrd drd edsg edsgfb-e fb-edsg dsgfb fb hgodfb Q_KDE pdod pkfokjdtdf pkfokjdtdf sgil odf pkfokjdtdf tkrtdfde (kehkoko  (kehkoko ) 43.^kf 43 .^kfog ogog ogjd jdf f Q_KD Q_KDE E ydfb ydfb ogidj ogidjsdf sdfdj djdf df sk skadr adrd d tk tkrp rpdo dou u ogd`d ogd`drj rjdf df sk skli lidm dm-l -lid idm m odide sdtu suh`kj pkid`drdf 42.^kf 42 .^kfok okjd jdtd tdf f tk tkrp rpdo dou u od odpd pdtt ogidj ogidjuj ujdf df okfbdf egfgedi oud ogsgpigf gieu 4=.^kfokjdtdf 4=.^kfokj dtdf tkrpdo tkrpdou u ogmdrd ogmdrdpjd pjdf f odp odpdt dt ekfgfb ekf gfbjdt jdtjdf jdf egfdt egfdt pkskrt pkskrtd d ogogj ogogj pdod pdod hg hgod odfb fb Q_KD Q_KDE, E, dpdi dpdidb dbgg og ogeu euid idgg sk sk`d `dj j skjlidm odsdr (@ufgdty, Qgtg, Quprgylfl08>43) 47.^krhko 47.^kr hkoddf ddf gftkbrds gftkbrdsgg euit euitgog gogsgpi sgpigf gf okfbdf gftkrogsgpig igf f tkri tkrikt ktdj dj pdod pdod hdbd hdbdge gedf dfd d strdtkbg ekfbbdhufbjdf jlftkf pkid`drdf 8>. ^ ^l lid gftkbrdsg ydfb eufbjgf ogidjsdfdjdf tdfpd ekidjujdf rks ksttrujturgsdsg (ekfb fbu uhdm sk ska adrd strujturdi struj turdi)) jurg jurgjuiue juiue pkfogogjdf pkfogogjdf odsdr odf ekfk fkf fbdm og Gfolfk fks sgd do dodi didm dm okfbdf okf bdf pkfokj pkfokjdtdf dtdf tkrpdo tkrpdou u (gftkbrdtko )  ydfb ogidjujdf pdod `kf`dfb skjlidm odsdr, odf pkfokjdtdf tkrtdfde

 

(kehkooko ) pdod `kf`dfb skjlidm ekfkfbdm (@ufgdty, Qgtg, Quprgylfl08>43) 84._u`ud 84._u `udf f pkf pkfbd` bd`drd drdf f Q_K Q_KDE DE ydfb ydfb kck kckjtg jtgc  c  uftuj uft uj ekfuehu ekfuehumjd mjdf f "jk "jkgfb gfbgft gftdmu dmudf, df, jktkrdepgid jktkr depgidf f jlbf jlbfgtgc gtgc pkfdidr pkfdidrdf df hkrhdsgs hkrhdsgs hujtg, odf pkedmdedf odf dprksgdsg odrg prlsks pkfykigogjdf giegdm" (Qdmgm, 8>4;) 88.^ .^k kehkid`drdf Q_KDE odpdt `ubd ekehkrgjdf kckj hdbg sgswd uftuj ikhgm hkrpgjgr jrgtgs, ekfbmdrbdg jkdrgcdf iljdi, odf ikiudsd ekidjujdf kjspilrdsg (Gforg, 8>42: Cdrdm, 8>42: Fdgiui, 8>4=) 81._u 1._u`udf `udf pk pkeh ehki kid` d`dr drdf df Q_KD Q_KDE E odpd odpdtt ekfbdsd ekf bdsdm m tgfbjd tgfbjdtt igtkrd igtkrdsg sg Q_KDE Q_KDE pdo pdod d pkskrtd ogogj 8?. Ig Igtkrdsg G^D 0 jkedepudf odide ekfbgokftgcgjdsg gfclredsg gi gieg egdm dm,e ,ekr krue ueus usjd jdf f odf odf ekfb ekfbdf dfdig digsg sgs s edsdidm, ekidjujdf kjspkrgekf okfbdf okf bdf ektlok ektlok giegdm, giegdm, ekfbue ekfbuepui puijdf jdf odtd odf ekfbdigsgsfyd ekfu`u skhudm sgepuidf, idiu ekfbdp ekf bdpigj igjdsgj dsgjdffy dffyd d odi odide de oufgd oufgd fydtd fydtd  ydfb `ubd ekepufydg pkrdf odide ekfadrg sliusg. 8;.Igt 8; .Igtkr krdsg dsg tk tkjf jfli lilb lbgg 0 jk jktk tkrd rdep epgi gidf df od odide ide ekfbbufdjdf hkrhdbdg tk tkj jfli flilbg lbg, hkid` kid`dr dr ekfb ekfbke kehd hdfb fbjd jdf f tkjfli flilbg, ekfb fbdf dfd digsgs tkjfli flilbg odpd od pdtt ekepk ekepkfb fbdr drum umgg pk pkeg egjg jgrd rdf f sgswd sgswd odf edsydrdjdt 83.Ig .Igtkrdsg dsg tkjfgj 0 jked kedepudf odide ekfbkehdfbj fbjdf tkjflilbg okfbdf oksd ok sdgf gf ydfb ydfb ikhg ikhgm m jr jrkd kdtg tgcc od odf f gflv gflvdt dtgc  gc  ekidiug pkfbbdhufbdf hkrhdbdg hgodfb jkgieudf 82. I Iggtkrdsg skfg 0 jkedepudf odide ekfuigs, ekfuig s, jleufg jleufgjds jdsg, g, pugsg, pugsg, prkskft prkskftdsg dsg vgokl, ekehudt eloki 8=.Igtkrdsg edtkedtgjd edtkedtgjd 0 jkedep jkedepudf udf odide ekfbdfdigsgs odf ekfyde dep pdgj dgjdf bdbdsdf df,, rueusdf, df, ekfykiksdgjdf edsdidm skadrd edtkedtgj odide pkfbdpigjdsgddfyd 87.^rg 87 .^rgfs fsgpgp-pr prgf gfsg sgp p pkeh pkehki kid`d d`drd rdf f Q_KD Q_KDE E dodidm dod idm prgfsg prgfsgp p pkrmdt pkrmdtgdf gdf odf eltgvd eltgvdsg, sg, prgfsg prg fsgp p jkdjtg jkdjtgcdf cdf,, prg prgfsgp fsgp jktkri jktkrighd ghdtdf tdf idfbsufb idfb sufb,, prgfsg prgfsgp p pkf pkfbui buidfbd dfbdf, f, prg prgfsg fsgp p tdftdfbdf, prgfsgp hdigjdf odf pkfb pk fbu udt dtdf df,, skrt skrtd d prgfs rgfsgp gp pkr pkrfko fkoddf ddf gfogvgoudi 1>.^ 1>. ^rlhike Hdsko Ikdrfgfb dtdu pkehkid`drdf hkrhdsgs edsdidm ekrupdjdf

 

elokii pkeh elok pkehki kid` d`dr drdf df yd ydfb fb ekfd ekfdft ftdf dfb b pkskrt pks krtd d ogogj ogogj uft uftuj uj hkid`d hkid`drr hdb hdbdged dgedfd fd hkid`dr, odf hkjkr` hkjkr`d d skadrd skadrd hkrjki hkrjkilep leplj lj uftuj uftuj ekfadrgg sliusg odrg pkredsdidmdf ekfadr pkredsdidmdf oufgd fydtd (Drkfos & Jgiamkr, 8>4>) 14.Qgftdj 14.Qgf tdj (idfbj (idfbjdm-i dm-idfb dfbjdm jdm)) pkehki pkehkid`dr d`drdf df hkrhdsgs edsdidm ekigputg0 d. Cdsk 4, Lrgkftdsg dsg pkskrtd ogogj jkpdod edsdidm h. Cdsk Cdsk 8, Ekfbl Ekfblrbd rbdfgs fgsdsgj dsgjdf df pkskr pkskrtd td ogogj a. Cdsk Cdsk 1, Ekeh Ekehge gehg hgfb fb pkfy pkfyki kigo gogj gjdf df gfogvgou odf jkileplj o. Cdsk ?, Ekfbkehdfbjdf odf ekfyd`gjdf mdsgi jdryd k. Cdsk ;, Ekfbdfdigsgs odf ekfb ek fbkv kvdiu diudsg dsg pr prls lsks ks pkek pkekad admdf mdf edsdidm 18.Qgstke slsgdi slsgdi hkrdrtg hkrdrtg suds sudsdfd dfd odf flred  ydfb hkridju odide pkehkid`drdf pkehk id`drdf.. Qgstke slsgdi odrg ^rlhike  Hdsko Ikdrfgfb hkrsgcdt jllpkrdtgc  11. ^r ^rgfsgp rkdjsg ekfbbdehdrjdf hdbdgedfd skmdrusfyd pkfogogj ekedfodfb, ekepkridjujdf odf ekrksplf pkskrtd ogogj 1?.Qgstke 1?.Qgs tke pkfuf` pkfuf`dfb dfb dodi dodidm dm skbdid skbdid sdr sdrdfd dfd hdmd hd mdf f didt didt dt dtdu du igfb igfbj jufbd ufbdf f hk hkid id`d `drr  ydfb ekfoujufb pkehkid`drdf 1;. Odide ^rlhike hdsko Ikdrfgfb,  pked pk edmd mded edf, f, trdf trdfsc sckr kr pkfb kfbktdm ktdmud udf, f, jktkrdepgidf hkrpgjgr jrgtgs, jkedepudf ekekadm eke kadmjdf jdf edsdidm edsdidm odf jkedep jkedepudf udf jleu jl eufg fgjd jdsg sg gfg gfg ekr ekrupdj updjdf df odep depdj idfbsufb odrg pkehkid`drdf 13.Ode 3.Odepd pdj j pkfy pkfykr krtd td odr drgg ^rl ^rlhik hike e hdsko  hdsko  Ikdrfgfb ekig ek igp putg utg pkiud kiudfb fb pkskr kskrtd td ogogj ekepkrlikm pkfbktdmudf, ekfgfbjdtjdf jktkrdepgidf ekekadmjdf edsd ed sdid idm, m, ekfg ekfgfb fbjd jdtj tjdf df jked jkedep epud udf f uftuj ekepkrlikm pkfbktdmudf  ydfbrkikvdf, ekehdfbuf pkfbktdmudff pkfbkt dmudffyd yd skfogr skfogrg, g, ekfueh ekfuehumjdf umjdf eltgvdsg odide hkid`dr,ekfgfbjdtjdf jktkrdepgidf pkskrtd ogogj odide hkrpgjgr, ekfgfb ekf gfbjdt jdtjdf jdf jleufg jleufgjds jdsgg odf hkjkr` hkjkr`d d sded odide jkilepljfyd 12.^kehkid`drdf Q_KDE ydfb hkrpusdt pdod prlykj ogodsdrjdf pdod edsdidm oufgd fydtd 1=._d ._dftdfbdf-t -td dftdfbdf ydfb odpdt ogtkeujdf odide

 

pkehkid`drdf Q_KDE dodidm0 d. ^krh krhkodd koddf f pkfo pkfokj kjdt dtdf df/a /adr drd d odide dide ekfkrdpjdf pkehkid`drdf Q_KDE h. Jurdfb Jurdfbfyd fyd std stdfodr fodr ydfb ydfb `kids `kids a. Ogdfbb Ogdfbbdp dp ttkri krideh dehdt dt sddt sddt Q_KD Q_KDE E mdfyd mdfyd ogtkrdpjdf pdod pkfogogjdf tgfbjdt ekfkfbdm

JH 8 ^KEHKID@DXDF HKXHDQGQ FK[XLQDGFQ 4. Qkadrd Qkadrd ktgeli ktgelilbg lbg (dsdi (dsdi jdtd) jdtd) fkurlsdg fkurlsdgfs fs ekrupdjdf gieu fkurdi ydfb ekepkid`drg sgstke sydrdc, tkrutded fkurlf (ski sydrdc ltdj) okfbdf pkfokjdtdf euitgogsgpigf (^dsgdj, 8>48): skodfbjdf skadrd tkregflilbg (gstgidm), fkurlsdgfs dodidm hgodfb gieu ydfb ekfbbkiutg pdod jd`gdf sdgftgcgj tkrmdodp sgstke sydrdc, tkrutded sydrdc ltdj. 8. Fkurls Fkurlsdgfs dgfs ekru ekrupdj pdjdf df pkfkigt pkfkigtgdf gdf tkftdfb sgstke sdrdc ltdj odf hdbdgedfd ltdj hkrcgjgr (Qamfkgokr, 8>44) 1. Fkurls Fkurlsdgfs dgfs ekr ekrupd updjdf jdf gieu gieu ydfb ydfb ekepkid`drg sgstke sydrdc ltdj okfbdf skiurum cufbsgfyd, skpkrtg hdbdgedfd prlsks hkrcgjgr tkr`dog odide ltdj edfusgd ?. Jkakrod Jkakrodsdf sdf pkskr pkskrtd td ogogj ogogj sdfb sdfbdt dt ogtkftujdf likm hdfydj skogjgtfyd sdehufbdf (sgfdpsgs) dftdr ski fkurlf og odide ltdjfyd. [ftuj ekfgfbjdtjdf odf ekfbudtjdf `ueidm jlfkjsg (sgfdpsgs) dftdr ski fkurlf pdod ltdj odpdt ogidjujdf okfbdf adrd ekecdsgigtdsgfyd okfbdf igfbjufbdf ydfb jdyd djdf rdfbsdfbdf hkid`dr. ;. Ekfuru Ekfurutt Edaikdf Edaikdf (477>) (477>),, ltdj sksklr sksklrdfb dfb djdf edepu hkrcgjgr skadrd rdsglfdi, ilbgs, jrgtgs, odf jrkdtgc sddt sgstke igehgj odide ltdj ekfodpdtjdf pkridjudf ydfb ekfykfdfbjdf odrg igfbjufbdffyd 3. Ekfurut Ekfurut tklrg fkurlsdgfs, fkurlsdgfs, hkid`dr hkid`dr dodidm dodidm prlsks ekehdfbuf odf ekfbuhdm jlfkjsg-jlfkjsg odf `drgfbdf-`drgfbdf sdrdc (sgfdptgj). 2. Hkhkrd Hkhkrdpd pd prgfsgp prgfsgp pkehkid` pkehkid`drd drdf f hkrhdsgs hkrhdsgs fkurlsdgf ydfb pkriu ogpkrmdtgjdf dbdr pkehkid`drdf edepu ekfblptgedijdf pltkfsg jkakrodsdf ltdj pkskrtd ogogj, ogdftdrdfyd ydgtu 

^kehkid`drdf tkrjdgt gfclredsg pdigfb hdgj pkfykrdpdf ogidjujdf og

 

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pdbg mdrg, skodfbjdf wdjtu tkrhdgj uftuj pkfbuidfbdf, pkfblidmdf odf rkcikjsg gfclredsg pdigfb hdgj ogidjujdf og wdjtu slrk mdrg ^kehkid`drdf djdf ekehdftu ltdj uftuj tktdp ekepkrtdmdfjdf pkrmdtgdffyd `gjd pkskrtd ogogj sktgdp skehgidf puium ekfgt oghkrg jkskepdtdf uftuj ekidjujdf bkrdjdf pkrkbdfbdf ltlt dtdu rkidjsdsg tuhum okfbdf tkfdfb skjgtdr skpuium ekfgt Hkidmdf ltdj jdfdf odf jgrg jgtd ekfbdideg sgjius kcgsgkfsg skadrd hkrbdftgdf sktgdp skehgidf puium sdepdg skrdtus ekfgt, odrg spdsgdi tgfbbg-vkrhdi rkfodm-vkrhdi tgfbbgspdsgdi rkfodm. [ftuj gtu pkehkid`drdf skhdgjfyd ekfbbufdjdf hkftuj djtgvgtds ydfb hkrvdrgdsg odf sktgdp dfdj oghkrgjdf jkskepdtdf ekegigm hkftuj djtgvgtds tkrskhut sksudg sgjius hgl-jlbfgtgc odf bdyd hkid`dr ekrkjd ^kehkid`drdf djdf ikhgm lptgedi dpdhgid edepu ekfbkehdfbjdf hkidmdf ltdj jdfdf odf jgrg skadrd skgehdfb ^kehkid`drdf djdf ekfadpdg mdsgi tkrhdgj dpdhgid ogcljusjdf pdod pkehdmdsdf edtkrg, ogpkadm, odf ogcljusjdf jkehdig pdod pkehdmdsdf edtkrg ^kehkid`drdf djdf ekfdrgj pkrmdtgdf ltdj, `gjd ekepkrmdtgjdf pkruhdmdf bkrdjdf, admdyd, jkjlftrdsdf, odf wdrfd ^rlsks pkehkid`drdf dbdr lptgedi pkriu ekepkrmdtgjdf hkhkrdpd cdjtlr igfbjufbdf skpkrtg sumu rudfbdf, pgigmdf wdrfd jkids, oksdgf wdrfd tdepgidf ekogd, pkfbdturdf rudfb jkids, pkfadmdyddf, tdfdedf, eusgj, drled, jktkrskogddf dgr egfue, odf ekogd pkehkid`drdf ^rlsks pkehkid`drdf djdf ikhgm lptgedi `gjd pkskrtd ogogj ekepkrlikm dsupdf bgzg odf futrgsg  ydfb aujup, skmgfbbd dfdj ekegigjg mkelbilhgf odide odrdm (MH) ydfb tgfbbg  _gfbjdtjdf jlfogsg kelsglfdi plsgtgc pkskrtd ogogj okfbdf jkbgdtdf-

 

jkbgdtdf ydfb ekfykfdfbjdf, pkredgfdf, muelr, odf pkrmdtgdf pkrslfdi =. Ekfuru Ekfurutt @kfskf @kfskf (8>>=) (8>>=) pkeh pkehkid` kid`drdf drdf hkrhdsgs fkurlsdgfs odpdt ogidjsdfdjdf ekfbbufdjdf iged tdmdp pkehkid`drdf  ydgtu0 4) tdmdp pkrsgdpdf, ekrupdjdf tdmdp pkehkrgdf jkrdfbjd jkr`d hdbg pkehkid`drdf hdru odf ekepkrsgdpjdf ltdj pkskrtd ogogj okfbdf jlfkjsg-jlfkjsg ydfb ekeufbjgfjdf. Jkbgdtdf pkrsgdpdf hkid`dr odpdt ogidjujdf okfbdf hkhkrdpd strdtkbg ogdftdrdfyd ydgtu: ekehudt pkskrtd ogogj tkrtdrgj odf skfdfb okfbdf prlsks jkbgdtdf hkid`dr ydfb djdf ogidjujdf, ekidjujdf prkskftdsg vgsudi bdrgs hksdr jkskiurumdf edtkrg pkid`drdf  ydfb djdf ogpkid`drg, odf ekf`kidsjdf jdgtdf tlpgj edtkrg ydfb djdf ogpkid`drg okfbdf jkmgoupdf skmdrg-mdrg, skrtd ekf`kidsjdf edfcddt odf pkftgfbfyd tlpgj ydfb ogpkid`drg 8) tdmdp djugsgsg dodidm, tdmdp pkfagptddf jlfkjsg ogedfd fkurlffkurlf odpdt sdigfb hkrjleufgjdsg sdtu sded idgf. Jlfkjsg dftdr fkurlf djdf tkrhkftuj jktgjd pkfbdidedf hkid`dr ydfb ogdideg pkskrtd ogogj hkrsgcdt hdru odf jlmkrkf (hkrmuhufbdf) okfbdf edtkrg ydfb pkrfdm ogpkid`drg. Jkbgdtdf Djugsgsg odpdt ogidjujdf ekidiug jkbgdtdf pkehkid`drdf ydfb hkrvdrgdsg ogdftdrdfyd ekidiug jkbgdtdf ogsjusg, pkehkid`drdf okfbdf ekedfcddtjdf ekogd vgsudi, stgeuidsg igfbjufbdf, pkfbdidedf prdjtgs skpkrtg pkralhddf-kjspkrgekf dtdu sgeuidsg, jkbgdtdf edfgpuidtgc, vgokl rkcikjsg, prlykj-prlykj jkileplj, odf djtgvgtds hkrpdsdfbdf. 1) tdmdp kidhlrdsg (tdmdp jlrkjsg jksdidmdf & pkfodidedf), ekrupdjdf tdmdp uftuj ekedstgjdf dpdjdm edtkrg ydfb ogjudsdg pkskrtd ogogj dodidm gieu ydfb hkfdr odf djurdt. Hkhkrdpd jkbgdtdf hkid`dr  ydfb odpdt ogidjsdfdjdf pdod tdmdp gfg ogdftdrdfyd ydgtu: tdfyd `dwdh tkrhujd tkftdfb jkbgdtdf sgeuidsg

 

 ydfb tkidm ogidjujdf, prkskftdsg odf ogsjusg jkids mdsgi kjspkrgekf pkskrtd ogogj, pkehkrgdf uepdf hdigj, pkehkrgdf jlrkjsg tkrmdodp mdsgi ogsjusg jkids `gjd tkr`dog egsjlfskpsg, odf pkfkbdsdf pkedmdedf pkskrtd ogogj ekidiug prkskftdsg vgsudi ydfb ekfdrgj dtdu pkeutdrdf vgokl, odf idgf skhdbdgfyd, ydfb ogidf`utjdf okfbdf ekegftd pkskrtd ogogj uftuj ekehudt pktd jlfskp (pktd pgjgrdf) dtdu ekfyusuf sldi pkrtdfyddf tkrjdgt edtkrg ydfb tkidm ogpkid`drg. ?) tdmdp clredsg ekelrg, ekrupdjdf tdmdp ekrkjdtjdf gjdtdf jlfkjsg dftdr fkurlf dbdr ikhgm judt, ogdftdrd odpdt ogidjujdf okfbdf adrd ekfykogdjdf wdjtu jmusus uftuj pkskrtd ogogj ekidjujdf pkrkfufbdf tkrjdgt edtkrg ydfb hdru skiksdg ogpkid`drg, ekfykogdjdf drkd uftuj pkskrtd ogogj ekfokfbdrjdf eusgj, skrtd ekfbd`dj pkskrtd ogogj uftuj ekidjujdf pkrkbdfbdf odf idtgmdf rkidjsdsg. ;) tdmdp gftkbrdsg cufbsglfdi (pkfbbufddf ydfb ogpkriuds). _dmdp gfg odpdt ogidjujdf okfbdf ekfkrdpjdf ektlok pkehkid`drdf skadrd hkrvdrgdsg, ogdftdrdfyd okfbdf 0 d) ekfbjl ekfbjlfog fogsgj sgjdf df pkskr pkskrtd td ogogj ogogj uftuj hgsd ekfydepdgjdf dpd  ydfb tkidm ogpkid`drg jkpdod tkedffyd, egsdifyd ekeprkskftdsgjdf pktd jlfskp  ydfb tkidm ekrkjd hudt pdod tdmdp skhkiuefyd h) ekfbjl ekfbjlfog fogsgj sgjdf df dbdr dbdr pks pkskrt krtd d ogogj sdigfb hkrtdfyd odf ekfbkvdiudsg sdtu sded idgf a) ekeg ekegft ftd d pkskr pkskrtd td ogog ogogj j uft uftuj uj ekepuhigjdsgjdf dpd ydfb tkidm ogpkid`drgfyd odide hkftuj kssdy dtdu drtgjki. Ltdj djdf edepu hkjkr`d skadrd ikhgm lptgedi odide jlfogsg pkehkid`drdf ydfb ekfykfdfbjdf odf pkfum pkfbmdrbddf JH 1 ^KEHKID@DXDF OGBG_DI  4. ^kehki ^kehkid`d d`drdf rdf ogb ogbgtd gtdii dodidm dodidm pkehkid`drdf ydfb ekighdtjdf

 

pkfbbufddf didt odf tkjflilbg ogbgtdi skadrd gflvdtgc skided prlsks hkid`dr ekfbd`dr, odf skrgfb `ubd ogskhut skhdbdg _kamflilby Kfmdfako Ikdrfgfb(_KI) dtdu k-Ikdrfgfb. 8. `do `dowdi wdi 0 samkou samkouigf igfb b 1. pkehkid`drdf pkehkid`drdf ogbgtdi ogbgtdi odpdt og ogdrtgj drtgjdf df skhdbdg sudtu `drgfbdf jleputkr ydfb sdigfb tkrjlfkjsg okfbdf `drgfbdf jleputkr idgffyd jk skiurum pkf`uru oufgd (Jgtdl, 477=). ?. pkehkid`drdf pkehkid`drdf ogbgtdi ogbgtdi dodidm pr prdjtgj djtgj pkehkid`drdf ydfb ekfbbufdjdf tkjflilbg skadrd kckjtgc uftuj ekepkrjudt pkfbdidedf hkid`dr pkskrtd ogogj ydfb ekfkjdfjdf gfstrujsg hkrjudigtds tgfbbg odf ekfykogdjdf djsks jk jlftkf ydfb ekfdftdfb odf ekfdrgj, uepdf hdigj ekidiug pkfgidgdf clredtgc, pkiudfb uftuj hkid`dr jdpdf sd`d odf og edfd sd`d, odf gfstrujsg gfogvgoudi uftuj ekedstgjdf skeud pkskrtd ogogj ekfadpdg pltkfsg pkfum ekrkjd. ;. ^kfbkrtgdf ^kfbkrtgdf pkehkid`drd pkehkid`drdf f ogbgtdi ydfb ogedjsuo likm Rgiigde dodidm ekigp ekigputg utg dspkj pkrdfbjdt jkrds (gfcrdstrujtur) hkrupd skpkrdfbjdt jleputkr ydfb sdigfb hkrmuhufbdf sdtu sded idgf odf ekegigjg jkedepudf uftuj ekfbgrgejdf odtd, hdgj hkrupd tkjs, pksdf, brdcgs, vgokl edupuf duogk 3. ^krslfdigsds ^krslfdigsdsgg 0Qktgdp pkskrtd pkskrtd ogogj tgodj hkrdod pdod tgtgj pkehkid`drdf ydfb sded okegjgdf puid okfbdf ikvki pkfadpdgdf pkehkid`drdf odf `ubd jkakpdtdf hkid`drfyd. Likm jdrkfd gtu, pkehkid`drdf ogbgtdi skhdgjfyd ogjkehdfbjdf odf ogsksudgjdf hkrodsdrjdf pdod jkedepudf pkskrtd ogogj, pkfbktdmudf skhkiuefyd (prglr jflwikobk), odf jkfydedfdf hkid`dr pkskrtd ogogj. Okfbdf ekekbdfb prgfsgp gfg, edjd jkskf`dfbdf hkid`dr ydfb skrgfb tkrigmdt og jkids odpdt ogpkrskepgt skmgfbbd prloujtgvgtds sktgdp pkskrtd ogogj odpdt ogedjsgedijdf ekidiug pkehkid`drdf ogbgtdi. 2. ^drtgsgpdsg djtgc pkskrtd ogogj 0^kehkid`drdf ogbgtdi mdrus ekfbkokpdfjdf pdrtgsgpdsg djtgc pkskrtd ogogj odide ekrkjd skfogrg, hdgjprlsks ekidiugpkehkid`drdf pkredgfdf koujdtgc edupuf sgeuidsg vgrtudi,ogedfd pidtclre

 

^kehkid`drdf Ogbgtdi hkrpltkfsg uftuj ekehdftu ekfadpdg tu`udf gfg. = . Djsksghgigtds ^idtclre0 pkehkid`drdf ogbgtdi mdrus odpdt okfbdf euodm ogdjsks likm pkskrtd ogogj jdpdf sd`d odf og edfd sd`d. 7. ^kfgidgdf^kedftdudf odf uepdf hdigj hkrjkidf`utdf dodidm hdbgdf pkftgfb odrg pkehkid`drdf ogbgtdi. Gepigjdsgfyd dodidm, kvdiudsg ydfb ekfodide odf jleprkmkfsgc sdfbdt ogpkriujdf uftuj ekfbujur tgfbjdt jk`kidsdf jlfskptudi og jdidfbdf pkskrtd ogogj. Okfbdf okegjgdf, pidtclre pkehkid`drdf ogbgtdi ogjkehdfbjdf dtdu ogtkrdpjdf okfbdf ekedstgjdf ogidjujdffyd dfdigsgs jkjudtdf odf jkikedmdf pkskrtd ogogj. 4>. prlbrde adepurdf adepurdf dtdu skrgfb `ubd ogskhut okfbdf hikfoko ikdrfgfb 44. Elhgik Ikdrfgfb dtdu `ubd ogskhut Eikdrfgfb, ogokcgfgsgjdf skhdbdg pkehkid`drdf ydfb ogsdepdgjdf (dtdu ogoujufb) likm tkjflilbg elhgik(_rdxikr 8>>2). 48. ^kehkid`drdf hkrhdsgs pkredgfdf 0Bdeks Hdsko Ikdrfgfb. 41. Ekogd Qlsgdi 0 Qlagdi Ekogd 4?. Xkeltk elhgik ikdrfgfb0 Elhgik, fgrjdhki, odf tkjflilbg bkfbbde ydfb ogbufdjdf uftuj ekfbdtdsg tdftdfbdf igfbjufbdf odf gfcrdstrujtur uftuj ekehkrgjdf odf ekfoujufb pkfogogjdf og odkrdm-odkrdm og edfd 'jlfvkfsglfdi' k-ikdrfgfbtkjflilbg djdf bdbdi 4;. egfgdtur plrtdhik k-ikdrfgfb0 Elhgik, fgrjdhki, odf tkjflilbg bkfbbde ogbufdjdf uftuj ekehkridjujdf pkfokjdtdf odf sliusg ydfb suodm ogbufdjdf odide 'jlfvkfsglfdi' kikdrfgfb: 43. tkamflilby-orgvkf elhgik ikdrfgfb0 Hkhkrdpd gflvdsg tkjflilbg spksgcgj ogtkepdtjdf odide sudsdfd djdokegj uftuj ekfuf`ujjdf jkidydjdf tkjfgs odf jkeufbjgfdf pkehkid`drdf: 42. pkfgidgdf 0 `uobkekft 4=. jleputdsg dwdf dtdu ydfb ogskhut okfbdf Ailuo Aleputgfb ekrupdjdf jlfskp ydfb skodfb rdedg ogbufdjdf pdod sddt gfg, ogedfd jleputdsg ekrupdjdf skhudm eloki ydfb ekeufbjgfjdf tkr`dogfyd pkfbbufddf suehkr odyd (`drgfbdf, skrvkr, ekogd pkfygepdfdf, dpigjdsg, odf skrvgak)

 

skadrd hkrsded-sded (Ekii & Brdfak, 8>44).

JH ? ELOKI ^KEHKID@DXDF ’HIKFOKO IKDXFGFB― 4. Eloki hikfoko ikdrfgfb euidg hdfydj ogtkrdpjdf odide jkbgdtdf pkehkid`drdf og skjlidm jdrkfd ogdfbbdp edepu ekecdsgigtdsg jkakpdtdf odf jkhutumdf hkid`dr pkskrtd ogogj ydfb hkrdbde (^rksaltt ojj, 8>4=) ikdrfgfb `ubd 8. Eloki pkehkid`drdf hikfoko ikdrfgfb `ubd ekeufbjgfjdf buru uftuj odpdt ekehdftu pkskrtd ogogj ydfb ekfkeug edsdidm odide pkehkid`drdf, hdgj skadrd gfogvgou edupuf jkileplj (Liliuhk, 8>44) 1. Qtdjkr & Mlrf (8>48) ekfokcgfgsgjdf hikfoko ikdrfgfb skhdbdg pkehkid`drdf  ydfb ekfbjlehgfdsgjdf dftdrd pkehkid`drdf lfigfk okfbdf pkehkid`drdf jlfvkfsglfdi (tdtdp eujd) ?. Dod tgbd didsdf utded ekfbdpd buru ekegigm uftuj ekfbbufdjdf eloki pkehkid`drdf hikfoko ikdrfgfb , ogdftdrdfyd ydgtu0 4) Ekfgfb Ekfgfbjdt jdtjdf jdf judigt judigtds ds h hkid kid`dr `dr pkskrtd ogogj. ^kehkid`drdf ”hikfoko ikdrfgfb‗ odpdt ekeufbjgfjdf uftuj ogdpigjdsgjdffyd hkrhdbdg edade strdtkbg pkehkid`drdf ydfb tgodj odpdt ogtkrdpjdf odide pkehkid`drdf jlfvkfsglfdi. Qtrdtkbg pkehkid`drdf tkrskhut odpdt ekfgfbjdtjdf jktkrighdtdf sgswd odf mdsgi hkid`dr sgswd odide pkehkid`drdf. 8) Ek Ekfg fgfb fbjd jdtj tjdf df djsk djsks s odf cikjsghgigtds odide pkehkid`drdf. ^kehkid`drdf ”hikfoko ikdrfgfb‗ odpdt ekfgfbjdtjdf djsks odf cikjsghgigtds pkskrtd ogogj odide ekepkrlikm pkfbdidedf hkid`dr okfbdf ekepkriuds `dfbjdudf suehkr hkid`dr ydfb tgodj tkrhdtds mdfyd pdod drkd rudfb jkids 1) Ekfgfb Ekfgfbjdt jdtjdf jdf kcgsgk kcgsgkfsg fsg odide odide pkehkid`drdf. ^kehkid`drdf ”hikfoko ikdrfgfb‗ `ubd ikdrfgfb‗ `ubd odpdt ekfgfbjdtjdf kcgsgkfsg pkfbbufddf odfd odf wdjtu, hdgj odrg pgmdj buru edupuf pkskrtd ogogj

 

hikfoko ikdrfgfb‗ `ubd ikdrfgfb‗ `ubd ;. ^kehkid`drdf ” hikfoko odpdt ekehdftu buru odide ekfbmdodpg pkredsdidmdf odide pkehkid`drdf, ogdftdrdfyd ydgtu0 pdrtgsgpdsg, jkakpdtdf hkid`dr, gfogvgoudigsdsg, tkepdt, gftkrdjsg prghdog, pkrsgdpdf, odf uepdf hdigj. 3. Jdrdjtkrgstgj pkehkid`drdf hikfoko ikdrfgfb tkrskhut ekru`uj pdod ^rdygtfl, (8>4;), ogdftdrdfyd dodidm skhdbdg hkrgjut0 4) Eloki hikfoko ikdrfgfb ekfbbdhufbjdf hkrhdbdg adrd pkfydepdgdf, eloki pkfogogjdf, bdyd pkehkid`drdf, odf ekfbbufdjdf hkrhdbdg ekogd hkrhdsgs tkjflilbg. 8) Elok Elokii pkeh pkehki kid` d`dr drdf df hikfoko ikdrfgfb ekrupdjdf jlehgfdsg odrg plid pkehkid`drdf idfbsufb (tdtdp eujd), hkid`dr edfogrg, odf pkehkid`drdf ekfbbufdjdf sgstke lfigfk . 1) Buru Buru odf lrdf lrdfbtu btud d ekegig ekegigjg jg pk pkrdf rdf  ydfb sded pkftgfb, ogedfd buru hkrpkrdf skhdbdg cdsgigtdtlr odf lrdfbtud hkrpkrdf skhdbdg pkfoujufb.

2. Aidytlf Amrgstkfskf Gfstgtutk tkidm ekfbgfokftgcgjdsg hkhkrdpd eloki ydfb aujup skrgfb ogbufdjdf odide ekfyusuf pkehkid`drdf ”hikfoko ikdrfgfb‗ ydgtu ikdrfgfb‗  ydgtu 0 4) Eloki Xltdsg (Xltdtglf Eloki) 8) Elok Elokii Jki Jkids ds Ci Cikx kx 1) Eloki Qkic-Hikfo ?) Eloki Kfrgamko-Sgrtudi hkhkrdpd eloki eloki jkids ydfb =. Hkrgjut tkredsuj pdod jdtkblrg rltdsg (rltdtglf eloki )0 )0 4) Elok Elokii Jki Jkids ds Qtdtglf Xltdtglf 8) Elok Elokii Jki Jkids ds Idh/Rmlik Brlup Xltdtglf  1) Elok Elokii Jki Jkids ds Cigppko (Cigppko Aidsrlle ) ?) Eloki Eloki Xltds Xltdsgg GGfog fogvgo vgou u (Gfogvgoudi (Gfogvgoudi Xltdtglf ) 7. ^rlsks pkfyusufdf jkbgdtdf hkid`dr edsgfb-edsgfb eloki hikfoko ikdrfgfb ogsksudgjdf okfbdf hkhkrdpd jdrdjtkrgstgj skpkrtg cdsgigtds hkid`dr, jktkrskogddf djsks tkrmdodp tkjflilbg, usgd odf jkedepudf pkskrtd ogogj, skrtd ourdsg `de pkid`drdf.

 

Odide ekrdfadfb eloki 4>. pkehkid`drdf hikfoko ikdrfgfb , pkfbd`dr pkriu ekfbudsdg hdbdgedfd adrd ekfbgftkbrdsgjdf pkehkid`drdf lfigfk okfbdf pkehkid`drdf tdtdp eujd 0 4) Ekfbgf Ekfbgftkb tkbrds rdsgjd gjdf f pkehki pkehkid`dr d`drdf df lfigfk okfbdf pkehkid`drdf tdtdp eujd 8) Ekfyus Ekfyusuf uf Djtgc Djtgcgtd gtds s ^kehkid` ^kehkid`drdf drdf okfbdf eloki Hikfoko Ikdrfgfb 1) Kvdiud Kvdiudsg sg ^kehki ^kehkid`dr d`drdf df Elok Elokii Hikfoko  Ikdrfgfb ^rlbrde Dpigjdsg dtdu ^idtclre uftuj 44. ^kehkid`drdf Eloki Hikfoko Ikdrfgfb   dftdrd idgf 0 4) Rkh 8.> Qdidm sdtu `kfgs wkh 8.> ydfb ogbufdjdf uftuj eloki hikfoko ikdrfgfb dodidm dpigjdsg slctwdrk sgstke edfd`kekf pkehkid`drdf (Ikdrfgfb edfdbkekft Qystke ‑ Qystke ‑ IEQ)  ydgtu Elloik  8) Koelol Koelol pkrtded jdig ogjkehdfbjdf pdod djmgr tdmuf 8>>= likm Fga Hlrb odf @kcc L‗Mdrd 1) Bllb Bllbik ik Brlup rlup Qkidgf skhdbdg eksgf pkfadrgdf gfclredsg (skdram (skdram kfbgfk ), ), odide pkrjkehdfbdffyd Bllbik `ubd ekfykogdjdf hkhkrdpd cgtur ydfb ekecdsgigtdsg pkfbbufd uftuj hkrjleufgjdsg odf hkrjlidhlrdsg skadrd lfigfk lfigfk ydfb  ydfb odpdt ogbufdjdf uftuj pkehkid`drdf ogedfd sd`d, jdpdf sd`d, odf ogpkrdfbjdt dpd sd`d ekidiug B Qugtk clr Kouadtglf dftdrd idgf 0 Bedgi, Orgvk, Jdikfokr, Oljuekf, Qprkdosmkkt, odf Qigok, Clreuigr, @dehldro, Qgtk, Mdfbluts, Brup, Sduit.  

8

Odctdr edtkrg ydfb suigt ogpdmdeg og eloui gfg

4. ^kfo ^kfokj kjdt dtdf df tkrtd krtdfd fde e (keh (kehko koko ko)) pdod pdod pkehkid`drdf Q_KDE 8. ^krh ^krhko kodd ddf f gftk gftkbr brds dsgg eu euit itgo gogs gsgp gpig igf f odf odf gftkrogsgpigf 1. ^dod ^dod pkeh pkehki kid` d`dr drdf df hkrh hkrhdsg dsgs s fkur fkurlsd lsdgf gfs, s, buru mdrus ekfydodrg pkrglok pkrbdftgdf ltdj jdfdf (mdidedf ;2)jk ltdj jgrg odrg pkskrtd ogogj ?. ^rgfsg ^rgfsgp p pkfkrdpdf pkfkrdpdf pkehki pkehkid`dr d`drdf df ogbgtdi ogbgtdi

 

;. 3. 2. =. 1

Odctdr edtkrg ydfb skrgfb ekfbdideg egsjlfskpsg

Xdbde Xdbde pke pkehki hkid`dr d`drd d ogbg ogbgtdi tdi Dpigjd Dpigjdsg sg pkfkrdpd pkfkrdpdf f pkehkid`d pkehkid`drdf rdf ogbgtd ogbgtdii Bdek Bdek hdssk hdssko o ikdr ikdrfg fgfb fb ^kfkrd ^kfkrdpdf pdf Eloki Eloki jkids jkids cikx cikx

4. ^kfokj ^kfokjdtd dtdf f tkrpgsd tkrpgsdm m (sgil) (sgil) pdo pdod d Q_KDE Q_KDE 8. ^kehki ^kehkid`d d`drdf rdf Kikj Kikjtrl trlfgj fgj Hkrhds Hkrhdsgs gs ’Dwdf― ’Dwdf― dtdu Ailuo 1. Bdek Bdek hdss hdssko ko ikdr ikdrfg fgfb fb