Livro PSICOLOGIA E PSICOTERAPIA TRANSPESSOAL - Aurino Lima Ferreira UFPE

 

 

TPJ@HNHKJI M TPJ@HSMUITJI SUILPTMPPHIN @IOJLAHP CM SUILPFHUOIËÀH SUILPFHUOIËÀH

FJK]UI

I]UJLH NJOI FMUUMJUI MNJÊKM @IVIN@ILSJ EUILCÀH PINMSM OMLMRMP

 

IKUICM@JOMLSHP

Mo prjomjrh nukir ikricm`mohs ä Liturmzi Jnjojtici, i Cmus, ä Cmusi, ih Krilcm Mspïrjth, ih Mu Phu, ih Vizjh m ä Vmrcicm she quinqumr fhroi hu lhom. Yum phssi aivmr uo oulch oijs pi`ïfj`h piri thchs hs smrms. Ihs lhsshs pijs, `hopilamjrhs, fjnahs m lmths, m ioichs fiojnjirms, vh`âs sàh i ohtjviëàh prjl`jpin ch msfhrëh `hlstiltm cm lhssi trilsfhroiëàh mo prhn ci oucilëi ch oulch mo qum aiejtiohs. Ä Ligmjci N. cm Njoi pmni nmjturi `ujcichsi m `hniehriëàh itjvi li rmvjsàh cis tmoétj`is cmsmlvhnvjcis lh tmxth7 smu pmlsiomlth sjstâoj`h fhj fulciomltin li `hsturi ci jltmrtmxtuinjcicm. Ä lhssi iojki m mx-inuli Oirji Bhsê Frmjtis (Rjti) qum, `ho sui irtm, tinmlth m smlsjejnjcicm, `hltrjeuju i `ipim cmstm njvrh. li rmvjsàh cmstm njvrh m Ikricm`jomlth i `ho Cinvih cmsmlah Iriòbh qum pmnhjnustri mopmlah cmcj`iëàh husicji mo i`mjtir fizâ-ni mo tmoph tàh mxïkuh. Ih Itoil-@mltrh cm Cmsmlvhnvjomlth Srilspmsshin, nukir cm `hlstruëàh m cmsifjhs, vmrcicmjrh hésjs piri h mxmr`ï`jh pmroilmltm ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. Äs `hnmkis Pinhoê Ilcricm, Ålkmni Chrlmnis, Si`jili Chrlmnis, Icrjili Chrlmnis, Nuzji @hopissh,  Ligmjci Njoi, Vålji Iriòbh, Mnly Eilgs, In`jnmjcm Hnjvmjri, Fétjoi Uiphsh, Nïkji Fmjbð, Uòeji Smlðrjh, Lizjnci @hmnah m Ilcrmzi Vjmjri, phr `hopirtjnairmo shlahs. Ihs inulhs qum sm fhrio m ihs lhvhs, vh`âs sàh i rizàh `mltrin cmstm njvrh, fhltm  prjohrcjin ci lhssi jlspjriëàh. @ici pirtm cmnm `hltêo is jlòomris rmfnmxýms vjvjcis m mstàh jltmrcmpmlcmltmomltm njkicis is suis `hls`jâl`jis m `hriëýms. Ihs `njmltms, phr lhs mlsjlir `hlstiltmomltm h vinhr cm iprmlcmr smoprm, qumr smbi `ho i chr qumr smbi `ho h iohr7 m i thchs iqumnms `njmltms mo mspm`jin qum lhs `hltmopnirio `ho smus `ishs, iuxjnjilch-lhs cjcitj`iomltm i mxmopnjfj`ir lmstm njvrh h qum h`hrrm lh  smttjlk trilspmsshin. Ihs prhfmsshrms m iojkhs2 Nêh Oiths, Pusil Ilcrmws, Uhkmr [hhnkmr, Phfji Eiumr,  pmnis iunis, supmrvjsýms m mstïounhs li smlci trilspmsshin. Trmjth cm kritjcàh i Pólji Tjlth m [intmr Eirrhs, pmnhs `iojlahs iphltichs, m ih Trhfmsshr Kmrinch Nmjtm (jl ( jl omohrjio), omohrjio), pmni sui `hrikmo cm cmserivir is vjis trilspmsshijs cmltrh ci i`icmoji m pmnh smu mxmopnh vjvh cm trilspmsshinjcicm. Ihs omstrms cis oijs cjvmrsis `hrrmltms mspjrjtuijs mo thci i ajstðrji ci auoiljcicm,  phr sui prhtmëàh m issjstâl`ji pmrmlm li lhssi prétj`i prhfjssjhlin m lhs ohomlths ci `hlstruëàh cmstm njvrh. Iurjlh Fmrrmjri, Mnjêkm Erilcàh m Pinmtm Omlmzms

 

  Ikricm`jomlth Mspm`jin Ih omu hrjmltichr, Cr. Bhsê Thnj`irph Bòljhr, prhfmsshr ch Chuthrich cm Mcu`iëàh ci ]FTM, phr tmr i`hnajch uo prhbmth cm mstuchs li érmi ci trilspmsshinjcicm auoili2   CH  MLSUM-CM]Q CM OMUNMI]-THLSZ Ä ISMLËÀH/@HLP@JMLSM CH E]CJPOH M CI  IEHUCIKMO SUILPTMPPHIN2 I eus`i cm uoi pmcikhkji cjrm`jhlici piri i jltmkrinjcicm ci fhroiëàh. fhroiëàh. Emo `hoh phr tmr phssjejnjtich h ush cm oujtis cis ahris cmstjlicis ä cjs`jpnjli cm Mstuchs Trhkrioichs piri qum fhssm phssïvmn ms`rmvmr m hrkiljzir mstm njvrh. I ojlai `h-hrjmltichri, Crª Licbi I`jhny-Umkljmr, prhfmsshri ch J]FO (Jlstjtut ]ljvmrsjtijrm cm Fhroitjhl cms Oiìtrms cm Nyhl) m ]ljvmrsjtê Nyhl 5, phr ierjr is phrtis ci Frilëi piri ojlai eus`i cm trilspmsshinjcicm.

Iurjlh Fmrrmjri

 

ITUMPMLSIËÀH

Fhj luoi oilaà cm fjlin ch oâs cm oirëh, emo li fism ci nui `amji, qum om `amkhu äs oàhs i vmrsàh cmstm njvrh ijlci li kâlmsm. Nmoerh-om qum fjqumj oujth fmnjz m ahlrici pmnh  prjvjnêkjh cm `hlam`mr h fruth cm tàh njlch njlch trieinah cm Iurjlh, Mnjêkm m Pinmtm. Pjlth ikhri ojlai rmspjriëàh emo prmsmltm, m `hlvjch ihs qum mstàh piri jlj`jir msti nmjturi i hesmrvir tioeêo i prðprji rmspjriëàh m, sustmltilch-i, cmni usufrujr mlquilth nams iprmsmlth h tmxth. Emo, phssh cjzmr qum i nmjturi jlj`jin fmz-om fnujr ikricivmnomltm lmssi emo mniehrici `hlstruëàh tmðrj`i, jl`nusjvm pmni phssjejnjcicm cm vhntir ä omoðrji h omu prðprjh tmoph cm iprmlcjz prjl`jpjiltm, lis jlcikiëýms qum ahbm smrjio oijs fi`jnomltm rmsphlcjcis itrivês cmssi nmjturi ‐  nmjturi  ‐   hs hs iuthrms mstàh `hribhsiomltm sm jlsmrjlch lh prh`mssh cm `uri, lh åoejth cjcétj`h, cis mvmltuijs li fhroiëàh ciqumnms làh tjvmrio i hphrtuljcicm `hoh suphrtm ni`ulis cm `ipi`jtiëàh iphjh prhfjssjhlin njtmrérjh lmssm lïvmn. Hqum rmkjstrh qum iquj sm cms`hrtjli cm tmotmri oir`i ci sjopnj`jcicm, hebmtjvjcicm m `hmrâl`ji smo cjspmlsir h rmspmjth ä ehi tê`lj`i. Mssi fhroi cm pmr`memr h njvrh `hlshnjchu-sm quilch lh oâs cm ikhsth cm 544= vmjh h `hlvjtm piri i iprmsmltiëàh qum hri cjsphlah-om i fizmr. I`mjtmj, làh smo iltms smltjr m jcmltjfj`ir i ohtjviëàh piri tilth, qum tmo `hlthrlhs rmnmviltms li ahlri cm tmr hs iuthrms `hoh `hopilamjrhs cm bhrlici, emo `hoh li `rmlëi sjl`mri lh trieinah trilspmsshin `hoh vjês psj`htmripâutj`h qum sm fjroi `ici vmz oijs `hoh nistrh ä `ipi`jtiëàh cm prhfjssjhlijs, hs quijs, iprmlcmlch m mxmr`jtilch uo `hopmtmltm m iohrhsh itmlcjomlth, sjtuio-sm ä inturi chs cmsifjhs qum nams mstiràh smlch prhphsths lh `hltmxth ci ituinjcicm. Pmrmliomltm rm`hlamëh qum i vjvâl`ji prhfjssjhlin cm tilths ilhs `hlsikri nmkjtjojcicm ihs iuthrms piri rmkjstrir cm fhroi hebmtjvi i prétj`i prh`mcjomltin, ih tmoph mo qum lh  prh`mssh ci nmjturi fj`i mvjcmltm uoi `mrti rmvmrâl`ji ih ith cm siemr fizmr `ho itmlëàh m cmcj`iëàh lh iprmlcjzich cm tàh prm`jhsh mxmr`ï`jh, h qum nams `hlfmrm rmspmjth, cjkljcicm. @mrtiomltm i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin kilai mo oujth `ho i jl`nusàh cmstm njvrh lh uljvmrsh cjcétj`h m psj`htmripâutj`h. M cjkh oijs2 ih nhlkh chs ilhs cm mxpmrjâl`ji `hoh  psj`htmripmuti `nïlj`i m `hlsunthri jlstjtu`jhlin, rm`hlamëh li prétj`i `hoh ê mssml`jin h iprhfulciomlth m i tmhrjziëàh cm prh`mcjomlths qum itmlcio äs pm`unjirjcicms ch hfï`jh. @ho mfmjth, hs iuthrms, tin quin cmcj`ichs irtmsàhs, cmohlstrio aiejnjcicm cjcétj`i ih cir fhroi mxprmssjvi ä oitêrji prjoi `ho `h o qum trieinaio2 i psj`htmripji. Hesmrvh smkuriomltm qum mssm `hopâlcjh, li trilspirâl`ji cm sui ms`rjti, iphlti piri i lm`mssjcicm ch `hlfrhlth piricjkoétj`h cm iphrtm tricj`jhlin om`ilj`jsti/cirwjljilh `ho i rmfmrâl`ji ahnhkréfj`i/quåltj`i oijs prhkrmssjsti, pmrfjnilch uo ohcmnh ahnïstj`h eismich li  pmr`mpëàh cm ahomo i pirtjr cm sui jltmkrinjcicm jltmkrinjcicm li cjomlsàh cm Pmr, oijs iopnjfj`ici. iopnjfj`ici.

 

Iqumnms qum pucmrmo nmr mssm trieinah pmr`memràh liturinomltm qum fhj ms`rjth `ho iohr, m qum i `hlmxàh mltrm i `jâl`ji m i mspjrjtuinjcicm, `ho `nirmzi shnir, ierjki-sm ih nhlkh cm suis pékjlis. H pmr`ursh ci nmjturi phssjejnjti ierjr-sm piri uo uljvmrsh ountjcjs`jpnjlir, iprmlcmlch, mxmr`jtilch, cmsmlvhnvmlch uo `iojlah jl`nusjvh piri is oijs rm`mltms pmsqujsis, lh qum tilkm ä iprm`jiëàh ch mstich ituin ci `hls`jâl`ji auoili, `hlvmrkjlch siucivmnomltm piri uoi `hlstruëàh cm `hlam`jomlth qum, injici ä kmriëàh cm sustmltiejnjcicm moh`jhlin, in`ilëi siòcm m `uri psïquj`i, iprmlcmlch sjo, `rms`mlch, `rm s`mlch, m prhcuzjlch jltrhvjsýms qum pirinmniomltm rmvmnio i liturmzi ci rminjcicm ih tmoph mo qum càh inj`mr`m ih „mcjfï`jh trilspmsshin‟, husilch `ho fjromzi m smkurilëi. Umsti, ikhri, oiltmr-om itmlti ih omu prðprjh rmspjrir mlquilth, oijs uoi vmz, `hlvjch iqumnms qum nâmo i fizmr h omsoh piri cmjxir qum i mxprmssàh „mstm njvrh mu rm`homlch‟, `hlfhrtivmnomltm, ml`hltrm m`h mo `ici uo m sm `hlfjrom, `rjilch lhvis fhrois cm fizmr h siemr sm trilsfhroir m issjo smkujr trh`ilch, `hopirtjnailch prhfjssjhlinomltm, iohrhsiomltm ... M issjo smré!  Ligmjci N. cm Njoi Tsj`htmripmuti Srilspmsshin ISOIL-@mltrh cm Cmsmlvhnvjomlth Srilspmsshin

 

 

TUMFÉ@JH

 Lmlauoi `jâl`ji hebmtjvi, lmlauoi psj`hnhkji, lmlauoi fjnhshfji tiophu`h, bioijs iehrchu h rmjlh ch  suebmtjvh, m phr jssh, làh h cms`herju rminomltm r minomltm (Aussmrn).  Cms`hlfjmo ci vmrcicm, mni smoprm `homtm hs omsohs omsoh s mrrhs (Uhoijl Kiry).  Msthu `hlvml`jch cm qum is mxpnj`iëýms chs  fmlóomlhs ‑momrkmltms‚ cm lhsshs `êrmerhs, `hoh is jcêjis, is mspmrilëis, is joikmls, is ilinhkjis, m phr fjo, i `hls`jâl`ji m h njvrm ireïtrjh, eismjio-sm luoi mspê`jm cm ilmn mstrilah, uoi jltmriëàh mltrm lïvmjs mo qum h lïvmn  supmrjhr cms`m ruoh ih lïvmn jlfmrjhr, smlch tioeêo cmtmrojlich pmnh lïvmn jlfmrjhr. Aivmrji, phrtilth, mo hutris  pinivris, uoi „rmsshlål`ji‟ cm fhrtinm`jomlth mltrm cjfmrmltms lïvmjs. H mkh lis`m issjo qum tmo h phcmr cm rmfnmtjr-sm (C.ahfstictmr). H njvrh cm Pinmtm, Mnjêkm m Iurjlh ê uo prmsmltm aé oujth mspmrich phr lðs smus `hnmkis, inulhs m mx-inulhs. Sriti-sm cm uo rmkjstrh ajstðrj`h jophrtiltm, bustiomltm  phrqum ih pissh mo qum phltui uo ohomlth jophrtiltm ci Srilspmsshin lh Erisjn, mtmrljzi i tribmtðrji ci Srilspmsshin lh Lhrcmstm i pirtjr cm uo fizmr qum mo Tmrlioeu`h ml`hltri kuirjci li tribmtðrji chs trâs. ]o fizmr qum ê rj`iomltm jlvmltjvh m irrhbich, phjs  emem mo fhltms oujth cjvmrsis m ml`hltri lmssi lmss i cjvmrsjcicm uo enmlcjlk  oujth  oujth hrjkjlin. Thcmohs pmlsir h trâs `hoh uo ohvjomlth cm sïltmsm. Ci uljcicm ä frikomltiëàh (rmprmsmltich pmnh lòomrh chjs), tmohs h lòomrh trâs `hoh mxprmssàh ch „tmr`mjrh jl`nuïch‟ hu uoi „uljcicm `hopnmxi‟ `hoh `hstuoi `aioir Mckir  Ohrjl.   Ohrjl. ]o hnair qum hpmri ilénjsm, smo cjsbulëàh, itmlth ih qum ulm, ih qum iti7 ieir`ilch Nhkhs m Titahs, smlsjejnjcicm m ri`jhlinjcicicm, sikrich m prhfilh, hebmtjvjcicm m suebmtjvjcicm, mspjrjtuinjcicm m oitmrjinjcicm. Mo uoi cm suis heris `ênmerms, „H  „H   Tmlsiomlth Pmnvikmo‟ @niucm Nêvj-Ptriuss Nêvj-Ptriuss cms`rmvm h qum vmo i smr uoi „`jâl`ji ch `hl`rmth‟2 triti -sm cm trieinair i pirtjr ch smlsïvmn, ch `htjcjilh, cm hpmrir „erj`hnikmls‟2 bultir m rmbultir cilch vjci lhvi, mstiemnm`mlch uoi lhvi sjomtrji, eus`ilch uoi airohlji qum sm `hl`rmtjzi lh cji-i-cji cm uo pmlsiomlth qum làh sm phci mo msqumois iprjhrïstj`hs. Tiri ohstrir hs rmsquï`jhs cmsti `jâl`ji ch `hl`rmth mltrm lðs ‑`jvjnjzichs‚, Nêvj-Ptriuss Nêvj -Ptriuss nmoeri-lhs ci mxjstâl`ji ch erj`hnmur , qum „ê h qum mxm`uti uo trieinah usilch omjhs m mxpmcjmltms qum cmlul`jio i iusâl`ji cm uo pnilh prê-`hl`mejch m sm ifistio chs prh`msshs m lhrois ichtichs pmni tê`lj`i. @iri`tmrjzi-h mspm`jinomltm h fith cm hpmrir `ho oitmrjijs frikomltérjhs bé mniehrichs, ih `hltrérjh, phr mxmopnh, ch mlkmlamjrh qum, piri cir mxm`uëàh ih smu

 

trieinah, lm`mssjti cm oitêrji- prjoi‟.  prjoi‟. Mo `hl`nusàh, Nêvj-Ptriuss Nêvj-Ptriuss phcm `hopirir hs chjs tjphs cm `hlam`jomlth, h ch mlkmlamjrh, (omtéfhri ch ohch cm hpmriëàh ci `jâl`ji ohcmrli) m h ch erj`hnmr (omtéfhri ch ohch cm hpmriëàh ch pmlsiomlth oïtj`h ci `jâl`ji ch `hl`rmth)2 „Silth quilth h erj`hnmr,  phsth mo prmsmlëi cm uoi cici tirmfi, mnm Wh `jmltjsti, h mlkmlamjrh_, W..._ mnm tioeêo cmvmré `homëir jlvmltirjilch uo `hlbulth  prmcmtmrojlich cm `hlam`jomlths tmðrj`hs m prétj`hs m cm omjhs tê`lj`hs qum njojtio is shnuëýms phssïvmjs‟. Tiri h iuthr, i cjfmrmlëi mltrm hs chjs tjphs cm `hlam`jomlth „làh ê tàh ieshnuti quilth smrïiohs tmltichs i joikjlir‟, is njojtiëýms cm `ici uo „rmsuomo uo mstich cm `jvjnjziëàh‟ cjfmrml`jich2 „h mlkmlamjrh smoprm prh`uri ierjr uoi pissikmo m erj`hnmr, cm sjtuir-sm inêo, ih pissh qum h erj`hnmr,  cm eho hu oiu-krich, pmroilm`m iquêo, h qum ê uoi hutri fhroi cm cjzmr qum h prjomjrh hpmri itrivês cm `hl`mjths m, h smkulch, itrivês cm sjklhs‟ (p.0=). Mlquilth h `hl`mjth „sm prmtmlcm jltmkrinomltm trilspirmltm mo rmniëàh ä rminjcicm‟ Wprmtmlsàh ci `jâl`ji ohcmrli_, h sjklh „i`mjti, mxjkm omsoh, qum uoi `mrti cmlsjcicm cm auoiljcicm smbi jl`hrphrici ih rmin‟(p.0=). Thcmohs cmcuzjr ciï qum i `jâl`ji ohcmrli, eus`ilch i hebmtjvjcicm ch `hlam`jomlth (phr cjfmrmltms vjis omthchnðkj`is/iehrcikmls tmðrj`is) prmtmlcmu mxpunsir i suebmtjvjcicm cm suis jlvmstjcis ih `hlam`jomlth ci rminjcicm, mlquilth li `jâl`ji ch `hl`rmth i suebmtjvjcicm ê pirtm jltmkriltm ci rmniëàh cm `hlam`jomlth ci rminjcicm, `hoh fj`i emo `nirh lmsti pissikmo2 h erj`hnikm  „làh sm njojti i `uoprjr hu mxm`utir, mnm làh ‑fini‚ ipmlis `ho is `hjsis W..._ ois erj`hnikm tioeêo itrivês cis `hjsis2 lirrilch, itrivês cis ms`hnais qum fiz mltrm phssïvmjs njojtichs, h `irétmr m i vjci cm smu iuthr. W..._. Pmo bioijs `hopnmtir smu prhbmth, h erj`hnmr smoprm `hnh`i lmnm inkuoi `hjsi cm sj‟ (p.0;).  (p.0;).   Ememlch mo fhltms cjvmrsis ci  Fjnhshfji Tmrmlm Tmrmlm   qum lh Hrjmltm pissio pmnis ojnmlirms tricjëýms ch Zhki, ch Eucjsoh, ch Siltri m hutrhs, m lh H`jcmltm trjnaio pmnis ms`hnis tmripâutj`is m smus nmkichs prm`jhshs (smbi li iehrcikmo ih triuoi, li `hoprmmlsàh ch cjliojsoh psïquj`h, mt`..), hs iuthrms cmsmoeh`io mo Tmrlioeu`h i sm fizmrmo fhz, fhltm, ifnumltm m lis`mltm. I omcjci ci erj`hnikmo làh ê uoi mopjrji, uo iprmlcmr pmnh fizmr inmitðrjh. Ê prm`jsh sm fizmr bustjëi lh msfhrëh `rjtmrjhsh cm ilénjsm m `rïtj`i `ho qum i trïicm tmo sm cmeruëich tilth pmnhs ohcmrlhs sjstmois ci psj`hnhkji h`jcmltin quilth pmnis tricjëýms sipjml`jijs ch Hrjmltm. Mnms ms`ipio ih m`nmtjsoh cis `hn`ais cm rmtinah, cm uo ahnjsoh jlkâluh m rhoåltj`h. Aé `rïtj`i, auohr m itê uo `mtj`jsoh siucévmn lmssm fizmr. Aé uo pmlsiomlth qum làh ojomtjzi sjopnmsomltm h nmkich ois qum eus`i uoicmjcmltjcicm Sinvmz, mssi smbi uoi ciscmssis rizýmstricjëýms, cm tilti icojriëàh phr pirtm smus inulhs,oujth mltrmprðprji. mnms mu prðprjh. I oir`i ch pjhlmjrjsoh ê `irrmkici lh prjomjrh jlstiltm pmnh sjklh ci jl`hoprmmlsàh, ch hnair qum làh `hophrti i intmrjcicm. Pustmltir mssi phsjëàh làh ê fé`jn. Thr mssi rizàh, h lis`jomlth cmsti heri tmo uo siehr oujth mspm`jin tioeêo piri lðs. Ê h ïlcj`m ch `ioph sjoeðnj`h ci Srilspmsshin qum vmo mo eus`i cm smu rm`hlam`jomlth. Ois  piri eus`irohs h rm`hlam`jomlth ch hutrh ê lm`mssérjh qum phssiohs jkuinomltm hnair i lðs omsohs. Jcmltjfj`irohs lhssi prðprji ajstðrji, smrohs `ipizms cm `hlté-ni. Lmssm hnair, ml`hltrioh-lhs itrivês cm lhssis lirritjvis m cmfjljohs h lhssh prðprjh nukir. M issjo ê phssïvmn jr ih ml`hltrh ch hutrh. Ê jopmrjhsh jlfhroir qum h njvrh mo suis oàhs ê uoi mxprmssàh cm uo ohvjomlth mlkibich cm ifjroiëàh cm uo mspiëh sð`jh-phnïtj`h lh åoejth ci psj`hnhkji erisjnmjri. @uoprm pnmliomltm h `irétmr cm cjvunkiëàh ci issjo `aioici „quirti fhrëi‟ `hlvjcilch h nmjthr i moprmmlcmr uoi vjikmo smkuri pmni sui mpjstmohnhkji m tioeêo pmnis suis

 

tê`lj`is. Smlaiohs trilqþjnjcicm pmriltm lhsshs kujis. Ih nhlkh ch `iojlah,  pmr`memrmohs h `hrh cm oujtis vhzms vhz ms qum hs ibucirio lmssm moprmmlcjomlth tjtålj`h. Msti heri `homëhu i smr ms`rjti aé oijs cm uoi cê`ici m sm ahbm vmo i nuom ê qum mstm ê uo ohomlth ajstðrj`h mo qum suis fhrouniëýms ml`hltriràh kuirjci lis `hls`jâl`jis (m `hriëýms) cm quilths sm cjspusmrmo i nâ-ni cmsphbicis cm prê-`hl`mpëýms (`hoh bé i`hlsmnaivi Áojnm Curgamjo i`mr`i cis rmkris qum cmvmrjio piutir h fizmr ch  pmsqujsichr mo `jâl`jis auoilis). @hlam`j hs iuthrms cmstm njvrh mo 9:::. Liqumnm ilh, mstm njvrh bé mstivi smlch ms`rjth. Pjlth-om pirtm cmsti `hlstruëàh, phjs mstucmj `ho mnms curiltm iqumnm ilh m li vjrici ch ojnâljh, vj-hs `hhrcmlilch msfhrëhs piri i `hlstruëàh ch ISOIL `hoh mspiëh cm rmfmrâl`ji ci Srilspmsshin mo Tmrlioeu`h. Vmbh-hs `hoh uoi fioïnji qum `hophrti cjvmrkâl`jis, qum cmoilci mstjnhs prðprjhs, ois qum ml`hltri sui fhrëi bustiomltm lmssm ohvjomlth. Kuirch prhfulci icojriëàh pmni iohrhsjcicm cm Pinmtm, pmni mspjrjtuhsjcicm cm Mnjêkm m pmni jltmnm`tuinjcicm „istu`jhsi‟ cm Iurjlh. Trmssjlth lmsti heri uo lhvh ohomlth cm mxpilsàh, ikhri il`hrich lh i`òounh cm mxpmrjâl`jis qum fhrlm`m i sustmltiëàh piri lhvhs moprmmlcjomlths shnh hu mo lhvis pir`mrjis. M thrli fm`ulch h shnh piri qum oujths hutrhs iuthrms phssio fizmr kmrojlir smus trieinahs. Fjlinjzilch, mstm làh ê uo njvrh cm iuth-ibuci, ois mspmrh qum phssi jlspjrir vh`â i rmfnmtjr- sm,  sm, `ujcilch oijs cm sj, itmlth ä prmsmlëi chs hutrhs mo sui vjci, m prmh`upilch-sm `ho i Smrri qum ê lhssi pétrji-oàm.

Oirnhs Invms Emzmrri. Chuthrilch mo @jâl`jis Ph`jijs, ]FUL. Omoerh fulcichr ci ILTTS (Issh`jiëàh Lhrtm Ujh-Krilcmlsm cm Tsj`hnhkji m Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin). Tmsqujsichr issh`jich ä Umcm Jltmrli`jhlin cm Ph`jhnhkji @nïlj`i. @hhrcmlichr Kmrin ci Umcm Lhrcmstjli cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin (UMSUILP).

 

 

ÏLCJ@M

IKUICM@JOMLSHP ............................................................................................. ITUMPMLSIËÀH ................................................................................................. TUMFÉ@JH ............................................................................................................ JLSUHC]ËÀH ....................................................................................................... @ITÏS]NH J2 H Y]M Y]M Ê TPJ@HNHKJI SUILPTMPPHIN8 .................................. 9.9. Hrjkmls ajstðrj`is ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ......................... 9.9.9. Uiïzms ajstðrj`is lh `hltmxth jltmrli`jhlin ............................ 9.9.5. Uiïzms ajstðrj`is lh Erisjn ..................................................... 9.5. Hebmth cm Mstuch ................................................................ 9.0. @hl`mjths eésj`hs mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin .... 9.0.9. Vjsàh cm oulch/rminjcicm ................................ 9.0.5. Vjsàh cm ahomo ........................................................ 9.0.0. @irthkrifjis ci `hls`jâl`ji ................................. 9.0.0.9. Ptiljsniv Krhf ‐  Krhf ‐  H ohcmnh ahnhtrðpj`h ci `hls`jâl`ji ............... 9.0.0.5. Gml [jnemr ‐  [jnemr ‐  H mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji ................................. 9.0.0.0. Uhkmr [hhnkmr ‐  [hhnkmr ‐  I `irthkrifji ci Fnhr cm Nðtus ......................... 9.3. I/`jmltjfj`jcicm ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ........................... @ITÏS]NH JJ2 @IOTHP CM IEUILKÂL@JI. ..................................................... 5.9. Tsj`hnhkji @hophrtiomltin (Emaivjhrjsti) ............................. 5.5. Tsj`ilénjsm ................................................................................... 5.0. Tsj`hnhkji Mxjstml`jin m Auoiljsti ............................................... 5.3. Tsj`hnhkji Mvhnutjvi ................................................. 5.=. Tsj`homtrji ....................................................................... 5.6. Tsj`hfjsjhnhkji .................................................. 5.;. Firoi`hpsj`hnhkji ..................................................... 5.1. Tsj`hpithnhkji ............................................................. 5.:. Tsj`hssh`jhnhkji .................................................. 5.94. Ajplhnhkji ..................................................................... 5.99. Silithnhkji .................................................................. 5..95. Hljrhnhkji ..................................................... @ITÏS]NH JJJ2 IP TPJ@HSMUITJIP SUILPTMPPHIJP .............................. 0.9. Hs prmssuphsths eésj`hs ci psj`htmripji trilspmsshin ........................... 0.5. Hs sjstmois psj`htmripâutj`hs trilspmsshijs ..................................

 

 

0.5.9. Umspjriëàh Ahnhtrðpj`i - Ptiljsniv Krhf .......................... 0.5.5. Smripji cm Irtm Srilspmsshin ch Oilcini - Nêh Oiths .......... 0.5.0. Smripji Umkrmssjvi Jltmkrin -Uhkmr [hhnkmr .......................... 0.5.3. Ejhpsj`hnhkji, trils`mlcmlch ruoh ä mspjrjtuinjcicm - Trieait Uijlbil Pirgir m Pusil Ilcrmws ...................................................

@ITÏS]NH JV2 H TPJ@HSMUITM]SI SUILPTMPPHIN ................................... 3.9. H trjpê fhro fhroichr2 ichr2 tmhrji, trieinah tri trilspmsshin lspmsshin m supmrvjsàh mxpmrml`jin .... 3.9.9. I Smhrji Srilspmsshin ........................ 3.9.5. I Pupmrvjsàh Mxpmrml`jin .................... 3.9.0. H Srieinah Srilspmsshin .......................... 3.5. H pipmn ch tmripmuti trilspmsshin ..................................... @ITÏS]NH V2 IP SÊ@LJ@IP SMUITÂ]SJ@IP SUILPTMPPHIJP ................... =.9. @nirjfj`iëàh m Nmjturi ch Trh`mssh Smripâutj`h cmltrh cis @irthkrifjis Srilspmsshijs ......................... =.5. Sê`lj`is Sê`lj`is mlvhnvmlch o ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth hrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h ch mkh ..................... =.5.9. Ohrrmr m rmlis`mr ........................................ =.5.5. Tsj`hcrioi ch lis`jomlth ............................... =.5.0. Vjsuinjziëàh ch prðprjh msqumnmth ......................................... =.0. Omcjtiëàh ........................................... =.0.9. H tjkrm .................. =.0.5. H ush ci omcjtiëàh ``ho ho oiltr oiltris is mo tmripji ............ =.0.0. Umcuëàh ci ilsjmcicm, rmcjrm`jhliomlth ohtjvi`jhlin m `hltith `ho i shoeri ....................... =.0.0.9. Hs hesté`unhs-pmcri `hoh fmmcei`g  `hoh fmmcei`g  piri h `rms`jomlth ......... =.0.0.5. Sh`ilch m njemrilch iohrhsiomltm i mxpmrjâl`ji cm ilsjmcicm ... =.0.0.0. Iopnjm h `hltith `ho h `hrph .......................................... =.0.0.3. Mxmr`ï`jh cm iopnjiëàh ci pmr`mpëàh ............................ =.3. Mxmr`ï`jhs psj`hfjsj`hs. ......................... =.3.9. Isilis =.3.9.  Isilis ................................. =.3.5. Shqums `hrphrijs .............................. =.3.0. Oilheris cm cmsenhqumjh .............................. =.=. Phlahs Jli`ieichs ....................... =.6. Bhrlicis cm Filtisji .............. =.6.9. Sê`lj`i ci fhkumjri ................... =.6.5. Sê`lj`i Jsth ê Umin Q Jsth ê Filtisji ................ =.6.0. Sê`lj`i ch tòlmn .................. =.6.3. Vjvâl`jis Vjvâl`jis ci smomlt smomltmm lh smjh ci tmrri .................... =.6.=. Vjvâl`ji ci prhkrioiëàh ci prðprji ohrtm ......... =.6.6. I jopmroilâl`ji m i jltmrcmpmlcâl`ji .............. =.6.;. I omlsikmo ch ojth ............ =.6.1. H tmopnh jltmrjhr ............. =.6.:. Cmsj cmltjfj`iëàh chsch`hrphs `mltriomlth lh mu supmrjhr .... =.6.94.Cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh Bhrlici piri inêo bircjohu ........................

 

 

=.6.99. @urilch m iopnjilch hs vïl`unhs fiojnjirms ................ =.6.95. Jcmltjfj`ilch rm`urshs ........................................................... =.6.90. Mxmr`jtilch h cmsipmkh ch mkh .............................................. =.6.93. Fh`injzilch uo prhenmoi J m JJ =.6.9=. Srieinailch i `unpi =.6.96. Vjvâl`ji cm pmrci cm uoi sjtuiëàh =.6.9;. Srieinailch enhqumjhs, kmstints enhqumjhs, kmstints iemrtis  iemrtis =.;. Sê`lj`is Umkrmssjvis ........... =.;.9. Umkrmssàh eismici mo issh`jiëýms ......................... =.;.5. Umkrmssàh Umkrmssàh i pirtjr cm sjlt sjlthois hois fïsj`hs fïsj`hs m psïquj`hs ....................... =.1. Sê`lj`is mlvhnvmlch prétj`is rmspjritðrjis. ..................... =.1.9. Sê`lj`is rmspjritðrjis rmcuthris cm ils ilsjmcicm jmcicm m mstrmssm .......... =.1.9.9. Cjsshnvmr tmlsýms, chrms, cms`hlfhrth hu jl`óohchs nh`injzichs =.1.9.5. Ichtm mxpjriëýms rmkunirms =.1.9.0. Srâs rmspjriëýms `inoiltms =.1.9.3. @hl`mltriëàh sustmltici li rmspjriëàh =.1.9.=. Trjomjri rmspjriëàh, òntjoi rmspjriëàh =.1.9.6. Umspjriëàh piri `uri cm sj omsoh m `hltrhnm cis mohëýms =.1.5. Sê`lj`is rmspjritðrjis itjvichris cm mlmrkji ............... =.1.5.9. Umspjriëàh cm phcmr ............................... =.1.5.5. Umspjriëàh piri shntir m itjvir tmlsýms =.1.5.0. Ajpmrvmltjniëàh .................................................... =.:. Cmsmlah ch oilcini `hoh rm`ursh li Tsj`htmripji Srilspmss Srilspmsshin hin =.:.9. I tê`lj`i ch cmsmlah ch oilcini lh `hltmxth ci psj`htmripji trilspmsshin...................... =.94. Mxmr`ï`jhs cm cmsjlcmltjfj`iëàh ci iuth-joikmo ....................... =.94.9. Mxmr`ï`jh ci emrnjlci ................................................ =.94.5. Mxmr`ï`jh cm prhbmëàh chs `jl`h pipêjs .................................... =.94.0. Cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh cm pmrshlikmls jltmrlinjzichs hu sue-pmrshlinjcicms

@ITÏS]NH VJ2 @HL@N]PÀH ............................................................................. UMFMUÂL@JIP EJENJHKUÉFJ@IP. .....................................................................

 

 

JLSUHC]ËÀH

 Iqumnms qum `hlam`mo hs hutrhs sàh séejhs.  Iqumnms qum sm `hlam`mo sàh jnuojlichs.  Nih Ssu9  Aé uoi nmlci ojnmlir qum phr uo ohvjomlth sjl`rólj`h vmjh pirir mo lhssis oàhs. Mni mstivi ms`rjti mo uo pmciëh cm bhrlin qum inkuêo iprmssich, phr `iusi ci `auvi thrrml`jin qum `iïi sherm i `jcicm, i`iehu cmjxilch prmsh ih tmth cm uo vmï`unh. Msti nmlci finivi cm uo rmj frïkjh `aioich Kðrcjh qum nilëiri uo cmsifjh ihs aiejtiltms cm sui `jcicm2 cmsitir h lð qum njkivi i cjrmëàh cm smu vmï`unh. Oujtis fhrio is tmltitjvis piri cmsité-nh, tmlch cjvmrshs ahomls pmrcjch i ahlri phr làh aivmr `hlsmkujch.  Lh`hoh mltilth, `mrth cji,hipirm`mu bhvmo Inmxilcrm, oijs li Ajstðrji „Inmxilcrm, Krilcm‟,uo qum, `ho `aioich sui mspici, `hrthu h`hlam`jch lð ih omjh. Citircm pnit êji surprmsi, huvju-sm cjzmr qum iqumni fhroi làh mri vénjci, bé qum h lð làh tjlai sjch cmsitich m sjo `hrtich. Ih qum Inmxilcrm siejiomltm rmsphlcmri2 - Tiri cmsifjhs lhvhs tmohs qum usir lhvis shnuëýms. Issjo, tioeêo surkju i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin2 uoi lhvi shnuëàh piri uo lhvh cmsifjh qum m`nhcju lhs Mstichs ]ljchs `ho hs ohvjomlths ci „Lhvi Mri‟ mxprmsshs lh omrkunah lh oulch chs inu`jlðkmlhs - iopnjfj`ichrms m inirkichrms chs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji - lis iopnis pmrspm`tjvis tmripâutj`is in`ilëicis `ho h ush cm prétj`is hrjmltijs, emo `hoh li  eus`i cm smltjch piri uoi kioi cm fmlóomlhs qum itê mltàh mstjvmrio fhri ch åoejth ch mstuch ci psj`hnhkji hu fhrio `itinhkichs `hoh pithnðkj`hs. Mo tmrohs oijs iopnhs, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ipirm`m `hoh i mspici cm Inmxilcrm5, ibucilch i ierjr uo jomlsh fnil`h li `unturi lmwthljili-`irtmsjili, rhopmlch `ho hs ohcmnhs chojliltms mo psj`hnhkji, lh qum cjz rmspmjth ä rmcmfjljëàh ch ahomo m sui rmniëàh `ho h omjh, jopnmomltilch issjo is smomltms ci jltmkrinjcicm, lh quin is cjvjsýms sàh suestjtuïcis phr uoi vjsàh jltmkrici ci rminjcicm m h ahomo `hoprmmlcjch luoi rmcm m`hnðkj`i qum mo suis òntjois `hlsmqþâl`jis iopnjir-sm-ji itê h Ghsohs0. Mo cjvmrshs phlths m mo vérjis érmis ch siemr auoilh „i mspici‟ `hltjluhu `hltjlu hu i cmsfizmr „hs lðs kðrcjhs‟, `rjilch uoi vmrcicmjri „`hlspjriëàh iquirjili‟, `hlfhrom msté cms`rjth phr Fmrkushl (9:19). Ivinjilch is prhfulcis oucilëis qum h`hrrmrio i pirtjr ci vjrici ch sê`unh QJQ, oijs  prhlul`jiciomltm chs ilhs =4 mo cjiltm, pmr`memohs, lh `hltmxth sh`jin, phnïtj`h m mo thchs 9

 @jtich mo Tmrry, [. (9:19).  I „mspici cm Inmxilcrm‟ ê usici iquj piri sjoehnjzir „uo `niràh cm kâljh‟, `hlfhrom jlcj`i @amvinjmr m Kammerilt (9:1:). 0  Ghsohs `ho „G‟ ê utjnjzich piri jlcj`ir Shtinjcicm `hlfhrom iphlti [jnemr (5445).  (5445).  5

 

hs `iophs ci ituiëàh auoili, qum sm jlj`jhu uoi `hrrjci nhu`i piri issmkurir h cjrmjth cm smr fmnjz m siucévmn. I Ph`jmcicm H`jcmltin, `hlfhrom cmsti`i Vis`hl`mnhs (9::5), kricitjviomltm rmcmfjlju i siòcm omltin `hoh uoi lm`mssjcicm sh`jin knhein m jomcjiti, m làh uoi `hlqujsti  pirtj`unir cm uo jlcjvïcuh hu cm ph phssïvmjs ssïvmjs kilahs joikjlérjhs iphjichs mo shlahs futurhs. I lm`mssjcicm cm prmsmltjfj`ir i siòcm omltin mo mstritêkjis `hl`rmtis lh lïvmn cm phnïtj`is  pòenj`is thrlhu-sm piuti cm cjs`ussýms. @hoh phcmohs pmr`memr, jlj`jhu-sm cm fhroi iopni m cjlåoj`i uo rmpmlsir ci `hl`mpëàh cm `jcicilji2 hrkiljzirio-sm ohvjomlths phnïtj`hs sh`jijs mo cmfmsi cis `nissms `hlsjcmricis hprjojcis mxprmsshs mo cmfmsi ci ounamr, ch ahoh-mrhtjsoh, chs lmkrhs, m hutrhs. Is `ioicis phpunirms, smoprm mx`nuïcis pmni `nissm chojliltm ch prh`mssh cm `hlstruëàh sh`jin, hrkiljzio-sm mo `hojssýms cm eijrrhs m `hlsmnahs cm ohrichrms luoi tmltitjvi cm momrkjrmo ci injmliëàh m pissirmo i pirtj`jpiltms ch prh`mssh sð`jh-phnïtj`h. Mrkumrio-sm ms`hnis `ho uoi phnïtj`i cm rmskitm ci jcmltjcicm phpunir m cm vinhrjziëàh ch jlcjvïcuh, smlch phsti ieijxh i tmsm ci mvisàh ms`hnir, fj`ilch cmohlstrich qum is `rjilëis làh sm mvicjio m sjo mrio mxpunsis phr làh sm iciptirmo ä jcmhnhkji chojliltm qum is  prmpirivi piri smrvjcàh. Mo omjh i mssms prhfulchs vjmsms trilsfhroichrms, tjvmohs lh Erisjn i rmkunirjziëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji `hoh prhfjssàh mo 9:65, `hpjilch hs picrýms amkmoólj`hs murhpmus m lhrtmiomrj`ilhs, prjvjnmkjilch h ohcmnh ch prhfjssjhlin njemrin `néssj`h. Ohcmnh mstm qum lh  prmsmltm ohomlth sm ml`hltri mo `rjsm cmvjch ä ohejnjziëàh cis `ioicis sh`jijs prhvh`ici,  phr sui vmz, pmnis oucilëis m`hlóoj`is m phnïtj`is qum rmpmr`utmo lh `hltmxth sð`jhrmni`jhlin, sus`jtilch oucilëis m mxmr`mlch, cm `mrti fhroi, uoi prmssàh sherm hs phcmrms  pòenj`hs lh smltjch cm rmcmfjljr h itmlcjomlth cis lm`mssjcicms `hnmtjvis lh åoejth cis  phnïtj`is sð`jh-icojljstritjvis, sð`jh-icojljstritjvis, prjl`jpinomltm lh qum sm rmfmrm ä siòcm luoi vjsàh oijs iopni, ä mcu`iëàh m i hutris érmis mssml`jijs piri quinjfj`ir is `hlcjëýms cm vjci i lïvmn fïsj`h m omltin. @hoh phcmohs pmr`memr, ê cmltrh cmstis prhfulcis trilsfhroiëýms knheijs, tinvmz mstjounicis phr mnis, qum i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin cmsphlti. M phr sjl`rhlj`jcicm cm ohvjomlth jsth h`hrrmu lh ohomlth mo qum i psj`hnhkji lh Erisjn surkji `hoh prhfjssàh. Pmlch issjo, cm uo nich, vmohs h lis`jomlth cm uoi „lhvi mri‟ `ho h piricjkoi trilspmsshin m ch hutrh, i eus`i ci ifjroiëàh cm uo mspiëh sð`jh-phnïtj`h, oiljfmsth li `hlshnjciëàh ci psj`hnhkji `hoh prhfjssàh. Lmstm prhfjssàh.  Lmstm smltjch, h prmsmltm njvrh eus`i `jr`uls`rmvmr h mspiëh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, smbi cmfjljlch-i, ajsthrjilch-i hu nmviltilch phlths `mltrijs lh smu bé mxtmlsh `hrph tmðrj`h, ih omsoh tmoph mo qum eus`i `hlshnjcé-ni lh mspiëh  sð`jh-phnïtj`h ci psj`hnhkji erisjnmjri. erisjnmjri. @ho mstms hebmtjvhs, h prjomjrh `ipïtunh eus`i rmsphlcmr h qum ê i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, sjtuilch suis hrjkmls ajstðrj`is lh `hltmxth jltmrli`jhlin m li`jhlin, h smu hebmth cm mstuch, iphltilch ijlci hs `hl`mjths eésj`hs m cjs`utjlch sui `jmltjfj`jcicm. H `ioph cm ierilkâl`ji ci psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin ml`hltri-sm cmnjlmich lh smkulch `ipïtunh.  Lh tmr`mjrh `ipïtunh, mxpnj`jtiohs inkuls sjstmois psj`htmripâutj`hs trilspmsshijs m smus  prmssuphsths eésj`hs m lh quirth `ipïtunh iehrciohs h trjpê fhroichr2 tmhrji, trieinah trilspmsshin trilspmsshin. m supmrvjsàh mxpmrjml`jin li fhroiëàh prhfjssjhlin m h pipmn ch psj`htmripmuti

 

  H qujlth `ipïtunh triti cis tê`lj`is psj`htmripâutj`is, smlch iprmsmlticis iqumnis oijs utjnjzicis pmnhs iuthrms. Thr fjo, mstm trieinah prhpým-sm ä jltrhcuëàh lh oulch rmkuniomltir ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, ms`nirm`mlch h qum nam pmrtml`m m rhopmlch `ho suis cjsthrëýms. Ê i oitmrjinjziëàh cm shlahs pmnhs fruths `hl`rmths cm ilhs cm mxpmrjâl`ji prhfjssjhlin2 `nïlj`i, ahspjtinir, ioeunithrjin, `houljtérji, m cm mlsjlh cmsti mspm`jinjcicm7 tioeêo cm `hltïlui vjvâl`ji tmripâutj`i lh pipmn cm `njmltm m pmroilmltm iprmlcjz ci iehrcikmo trilspmsshin `hoh lhrtm mxjstml`jin. Pupým-sm tmr aivjch uoi "`hlspjriëàh `ðsoj`i" li `hl`rmtjziëàh cmstm trieinah, aibi vjsti qum i sui prhphsti pirm`m itmlcmr ä smomicuri cm uoi lhvi `jvjnjziëàh, mo uo tmoph cm oucilëis. I rmvhnuëàh jltmrjhr mo eus`i ch Pmr Jltmkrin tmo li Tsj`hnhkji m Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin uo vmï`unh i`jhlichr, m urkm cjvunké-ni m ms`nirm`â-ni piri qum oijs  pmsshis vmlaio i sm emlmfj`jir cmsti iehrcikmo lhs lhvhs tmophs.

 

@ITÏS]NH J H Y]M Ê TPJ@HNHKJI SUILPTMPPHIN8

Ih Jltmrjhr Ha,Omstrm Pmr inich cm nuz!  Ojlai inoi smcmlti  Mtmrlh vjibiltm Sm eus`i phr mhls smo fjo  Mltrm ojrïicms cm kinéxjis  Tmrioeunilch phr mspiëhs mstmnirms  M phr `iojlahs cjvmrshs  Ilcmj tm prh`urilch  Ikhri, làh tm h`untms oijs cm ojo.  Làh vjvmrmj smo tui prmsmlëi  Msthu rmlis`mlch cis `jlzis cm tiltis ohrtms rmoilms`mltms ci nuti jlknðrji  Um`mem ikhri omu `hrph frékjn @hoh uo `énj`m iemrth  I tj om mltrmkh ipmlis piri smrvjr  Cmrrioi h lê`tir sikrich  Ch tmu jlfjljth iohr  Jlvicm smo cmohri is mltrilais ch omu smr  Làh om cmjxms pmrcmr lmsti lhjtm ms`uri  Cmjxi-om inëir h vóh `mnmstm  Lis isis nuojlhsis cis tuis vmstms  Tiri h mspiëh vizjh ch omu Pmr - mtmrli m johrtin `aioi Cjvjli. ( Mnjêkm Erilcàh ) H jltmrmssm ch ahomo phr `hlam`mr-sm vmo cis oijs rmohtis mris. Cmscm is `unturis  prê-ajstðrj`is, pissilch pmni Krê`ji iltjki itê hs cjis ituijs, trjnailch hs oijs cjvmrshs `iojlahs m usilch cis oijs virjicis fhrois, h smr auoilh eus`i `hoprmmlcmr i sj omsoh m rmskitir sui hrjkmo, pmrsmkujlch h mstich cm pnmljtucm. @hoh li ms`inici cm uoi ohltilai, h jlcjvïcuh vmjh suejlch pissh i pissh, eus`ilch itjlkjr sui `hopnmtucm. Moehri i `ici pissh vjsnuoerissm uoi pirtm ch mljkoi, làh `hlsmkum cmsvmlcir h "Shch". @hoh li omtéfhri chs `mkhs qum eus`io cmfjljr h qum ê uo mnmfiltm i  pirtjr ch `hltith njojtich `ho ipmlis uoi cm suis pirtms, `ici ispm`th pmr`mejch `hlfjkuri-sm `hoh vmrcicmjrh, ois làh rmvmni i thtinjcicm. Trh`urilch i `uri piri smus oinms, h ahomo cjvjcjch, smltjlch-sm cjstil`jich ci sui mssâl`ji, mssâ l`ji, tmlthu bultir smus „pmciëhs‟ cjspmrshs lhs mltrmomjhs ci vjsàh cuinjsti, lmwthljilhlmwthljilh -

 

`irtmsjili, m, mltàh, lis jkrmbis, lhs tmopnhs, lis sjlikhkis, lhs ohstmjrhs m lhs tmrrmjrhs tmltivi rmml`hltrir sui fitji cjvjli (trils`mlcmltm) itrivês cm rjths `hlsjcmrichs sikrichs. @óls`jh cm qum làh ê ipmlis i `hlsmqþâl`ji cm jlstjlths m punsýms (Frmuc) lmo shomltm h rmsuntich chs `hlcj`jhliomlths (Pgjllmr) tiophu`h oiljmtich pmnis sitjsfiëýms omriomltm sh`jijs (Icnmr), smus ilsmjhs sm iprjohririo ci cjrmëàh ahrjzhltin ä vmrtj`in piri ciï iopnjir i `hls`jâl`ji li ierilkâl`ji cm thchs hs smltjchs m cjomlsýms, `hoh tàh emo cmfjljrio hs mstucjhshs Frmuc, Pgjllmr m Icnmr, `ici uo i smu tmoph, mlquilth mxphmltms ci `jâl`ji. Jlvmstjkilch m mstucilch `jmltjfj`iomltm hs virjichs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, hs tmðrj`hs ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin i `hnh`io `hoh uoi cis érmis oijs lhvis ci `jâl`ji ch `hophrtiomlth, moehri m cm `mrti fhroi bé fhssm pritj`ici aé oijs cm =.444 ilhs pmnhs iltjkhs mkïp`jhs, pmnis `jvjnjziëýms prê-`hnhoejilis li Ioêrj`i, tioeêo li Ïlcji m lh Sjemtm. H prikoitjsoh cmssms phvhs iltjkhs, phrêo, làh `hlfmrji `hlcjëàh cm `jâl`ji äs  prétj`is cmlhojlicis cmlh ojlicis ahbm trilspmsshijs. @huem, mltàh, i psj`hnhkji `hoh `jâl`ji cm`hcjfj`ir, mxpmrjomltir, hesmrvir, `itinhkir m tritir cmltrh ch iprhu`a `jmltïfj`h piri lhviomltm `hcjfj`ir i pirtjr ch `hltmxth ci `jâl`ji ch `hophrtiomlth, m sjstmoitjzir iqumnis tê`lj`is qum jltmrfmrmo lh mstich omltin cis pmsshis, iopnjilch m trilsfhroilch suis `hls`jâl`jis lh smltjch cm prhphr`jhlir mqujnïerjh omltin, siòcm, emo mstir, smlsh cm pnmljtucm m, shermtuch, uoi lhvi pmr`mpëàh cm sj prðprjh, ch oulch m ci rminjcicm lh åoejth cis pmr`mpëýms ahnhkréfj`is hu jltmkrijs. Ê jlmkévmn i krilcm jlfnuâl`ji qum is cjs`jpnjlis m prétj`is hrjmltijs `hoh h yhki, i omcjtiëàh m is prétj`is eucjstis trhuxmrio piri i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, cmscm hs ilhs smssmlti, quilch i `unturi h`jcmltin fhj, emlmfj`iomltm, `hltikjici pmnis fjnhshfjis isjétj`is.  Lmssm pmrïhch, tioeêo is tê`lj`is `hrphrijs mo psj`htmripji fhrio krilcmomltm mlfitjzicis, vinjcilch-sm, shermoilmjri, i njemriëàh ch prizmr smlshrjin, smo jl`nujr, lh mltilth, i cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin ch jlcjvïcuh. M, quilth oijs rmfhrëh sm joprjoju ä pmrshlinjcicm, ä pmrshli, oijs jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho h mkh m i iuth-joikmo7 oijs ipmkh m oijs shfrjomlth pmnh omch ci pmrci, ci ohrtm, ci fjljtucm ch smr ejhnðkj`h, quilch sm nam mx`nuj i `ipi`jcicm cm trils`mlcâl`ji.  Li vjsàh cuinjsti `hrph vmrsus omltm, i cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin `hltjluivi injbici ch `hltmxth auoilh. M is tmripjis psj`hnðkj`is ijlci smkujio i cj`hthoji mspïrjth vmrsus oitêrji `hoh chjs cmpirtiomlths jshnichs mltrm sj7 msqum`jchs, `hoh mlfitjzi Uio Ciss 3, cm qum làh shohs uo `hrph qum tmo uo mspïrjth, ois sjo, uo mspïrjth qum tmophrirjiomltm phssuj uo `hrph.

I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lici mx`nuj, pmnh `hltrérjh, jl`nuj thcis is cjomlsýms ch smr auoilh, prhpj`jilch-nam, mlquilth iehrcikmo psj`htmrépj`i, omjhs piri mlfrmltir h shfrjomlth sh frjomlth m trils`mlcmr sui jcmltjcicm mkðj`i, fhltm pmroilmltm cmssm shfrjomlth. Icojtjohs qum i cjfj`uncicm mxjstmltm ijlci ahbm cis uljvmrsjcicms erisjnmjris ichtirmo i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin mo smus `urrï`unhs, lhs `urshs cm fhroiëàh cm psj`ðnhkhs, rmsunti làh ipmlis ci cmsjlfhroiëàh lhs omjhs i`icâoj`hs, ois, prjl`jpinomltm, ci oucilëi cm piricjkoi, lh qum sm rmfmrm ih `hlam`jomlth ci cjlåoj`i psïquj`i, m ci vjsàh cm oulch prhphstis pmnis vjsýms làh-cuijs.

3 Uj`airc

Inpmrt, oijs `hlam`jch lh omjh trilspmsshin `hoh Uio Ciss, `houlj`iëàh lh @hlkrmssh cm Oilius-IO.

 

  Làh hestiltm mssi rmsjstâl`ji, ê lhtðrjh qum i ituin vjkâl`ji ch lhvh piricjkoi `jmltïfj`h, `ho h icvmlth ci Fïsj`i Yuåltj`i, vmo rmspincir i vjsàh jltmkrin ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, `hlfmrjlch-nam h ms`hph cm `rmcjejnjcicm lhs omjhs `jmltïfj`hs oijs icjiltichs. @hoh iltms bé rmfmrjch, h jltmrmssm ch ahomo pmnh oulch omltin smoprm mstmvm  prmsmltm ih nhlkh ci ajstðrji ci auoiljcicm7 is oiljfmstiëýms oijs iltjkis ci prmsmlëi auoili sherm i tmrri mxprmssio i eus`i pmni `hoprmmlsàh cmsti érmi cms`hlam`jci m fis`jliltm ci vjci. H ojth krmkh cm Mrhs m Tsjqum= tinvmz tricuzi uoi cis omtéfhris oijs emo trieinaicis  pmni `unturi h`jcmltin piri sjoehnjzir i omltm auoili. Jltmrprmtmoh-nh, su`jltiomltm, she i ðtj`i trilspmsshin, oijs mspm`jfj`iomltm i pirtjr ci `irthkrifji wjnemrjili (vmr jtmo 9.0.0. cmstm njvrh), cm fhroi i pmr`memrohs qum hs `hlstru`ths têhrj`hs qum sustmltio is „psj`hnhkjis‟, itrivês cm suis vjsýms cm oulch m chs smltjchs itrjeuïchs ih smr auoilh m, `hlsmqþmltmomltm, ih smu ful`jhliomlth omltin, rmfnmtmo is phssjejnjcicms cm mxprmssàh hfmrm`jcis pmnhs ipiriths sjoeðnj`hs, emo `hoh pmnh lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji phssïvmn cmltrh cm uoi rmcm `unturin cm rmniëýms qum prjvjnmkji cmtmrojlichs ispm`ths `hoh fh`h cm mstuch mo cmtrjomlth cm hutrhs. Cm jlï`jh, ê jophrtiltm sinjmltir qum mstm ojth tricuz uo pmr`ursh ci cuinjcicm (cjvjsàh Mrhs x Tsjqum) piri uljcicm (`isiomlth Mrhs x Tsjqum), mxprmssilch h pmr`ursh cm thoici cm `hls`jâl`ji hu bhrlici ruoh i lïvmjs cm ful`jhliomlth psïquj`h oijs airohljhsh. Vmbioh-nh2 „I emnmzi cm Tsjquê fmz `ho qum sm msqum`mssm Ifrhcjtm. Pmus tmopnhs fhrio  fm`aichs m ieilchlichs m cm thcis is pirtms i`ucjio fhristmjrhs piri vmr m rmvmrml`jir làh oijs i oàm ch Iohr, ois uoi omri prjl`msi.  Jrrjtici `ho i `h `hopmtjëàh opmtjëàh m `ho h cmsnmjxh cm smu `unth, i cmusi pmcj pmcjuu i smu fjnah  Mrhs piri vjlké-ni m cmstrujr i bhvmo emncicm, fizmlch-i `isir-sm `ho h oijs rmpunsjvh rmp unsjvh chs ahomls.‟  ahomls.‟   Lmstm phlth ch ojth, hs krmkhs mxprmssio i cjomlsàh jlj`jin ci `hlstruëàh mkðj`i, i  pirtjr chs mspmnaiomlths chs cmsmbhs chs hutrhs. Cjomlsàh qum issusti m cmspmrti, lhs fhristmjrhs, iohr, ois ih omsoh tmoph itrij i jri cis „cmusis‟, qum eus`io `hlfrhltir hs ohrtijs, jophlch-nams prhvis lm`mssérjis äs trilsfhroiëýms mkðj`is. Ijlci lmstm phlth, Tsjquê,  phr sm ml`hltrir cjvjcjci, omtifhrj`iomltm jl`hrphri h nukir ch mkh, fruth cis jcmltjfj`iëýms joikjlérjis, phrtilth ojrikmo cm jnusàh m smcuëàh qum, quilch tmo lm`mssjcicm cm ml`hltrh `ho h hphsth (shoeri), iquj rmprmsmltich pmnh oijs „rmpunsjvh chs ahomls‟, smltm -sm iomiëich cm ohrtm. H lïvmn ch mkh ml`hltri-sm iquj oiljfmsth mo Tsjquê `hoh i fijxi ci `hls`jâl`ji qum `hoprmmlcm h lhssh pipmn, i iuth-joikmo `ho hs smus ispm`ths `hls`jmltms m jl`hls`jmltms,  emo `hoh i liturmzi ilinïtj`i m cjs`rjojlitjvi ch jltmnm`th, ci lhssi omltm, m ciqujnh qum smltjohs quilch lhs jcmltjfj`iohs `ho quinqumr pipmn hu joikmo pirtj`unir. Smomlch pmni fjnai, h rmj `hlsunthu h hré`unh m mstm i `hlcmlhu äs lòp`jis ci ohrtm2 Pherm uo rh`amch ms`irpich, sultuhsiomltm itivjici, mxpým, ð rmj, tui  fjnai, piri is lòp`jis ci ohrtm...

=

 Hs trm`ahs ch ojth „Mrhs m Tsjquê‟ `jtichs lh tmxth ml`hltrio-sm ml`hltrio-sm mo Erilcàh, 9::5, pp. 554 - 559.

 

  Mo hemcjâl`ji hemcjâl`ji ih hré`unh, hs pijs ieilchlirio i bhvmo äs lòp`jis ci ohrtm `ho h ohlstrh, ois surprmmlcmltmomltm Tsjquê ê nmvici pmnh vmlth Rêfjrh piri uo  piné`jh ml`iltich, hlcm pissi i cmsfrutir uoi vjci piricjsïi`i `ho Mrhs, smu ioiltm jlvjsïvmn.  Is jroàs oijs vmnais, `hrrhïcis cm `jòom m jlvmbi, rmshnvmo cmstrujr h jcïnjh ci `iëuni. Làh hestiltm is `hltïluis icvmrtâl`jis ch oirjch, mni cm`jcm, i `hlsmnah cis jroàs, surprmmlcmr h ohlstrh chrojlch m oité-nh. I pissikmo cm lïvmn cm mkh piri h mxjstml`jin, lh ojth, cé-sm quilch Tsjquê nmvici i uo `isiomlth `ho sui shoeri, vjvml`ji uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cm ohrtm m rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h (Uipth cm Rêfjrh), `hlshnjcilch h prjl`ïpjh ch surkjomlth cm uoi vjsàh cm hrkiljsoh thtin (ml`hltrh `ho Mrhs). Lh mltilth mstm „ml`hltrh‟ làh prhpj`ji uo `isiomlth (qumeri ci cuinjcicm), ih `hltrérjh shnjcjfj`i uo smltjomlth pmrsjstmltm m jrrmcutïvmn cm qum mxjstm uoi `hls`jâl`ji smpirici cm suis mxpmrjâl`jis, Tsjqum ipmsir cm mstir bulth i Mrhs làh `hlsmkum  pmr`meâ-nh. H lïvmn mxjstml`jin làh mx`nuj is oiljfmstiëýms mkðj`is iltmrjhrms qum `hltjluio i mxjstjr (iquj rmprmsmlticis pmnis jroàs oijs vmnais cm Tsjqum) m eus`io iphltir i cuinjcicm ijlci prmsmltm mo Tsjqum qum làh `hlsmkum pmr`memr smu ioiltm jlvjsïvmn.  Mxm`utich h pnilh cjieðnj`h, Tsjquê vâ i smu nich h prðprjh Mrhs, phr qumo sm ipijxhli nhu`iomltm. ]oi khti cm izmjtm fmrvmltm, phrêo, nam `ij lh hoerh. H cmus cmspmrti m, smo cjzmr pinivri, ieilchli i ioiltm. Pmkum-sm i eus`i cm  Tsjquê, sui nuti `hltri i `rms`mltm jri cm Ifrhcjtm m i mmxm`uëàh xm`uëàh cis quitrh tirmfis qum i cmusi nam jopým. Ierjlch i `ijxjlai qum nam mltrmkiri Tmrsêfhlm, i msphsi ch  fjnah cm Ifrhcjtm omrkunai luo shlh nmtérkj`h. Mrhs i sinvi, m, johrtinjzici phr  Rmus, ê fmstmbici lh Hnjoph `hoh msphsi mtmrli ch mtmrlh Iohr.‟  Iohr.‟  Tsjquê li eus`i pmni jltmkriëàh m `hlam`jomlth ch qum bé mstivi `ho mni (Mrhs) mltri mo uo nhlkh prh`mssh cm trilsfhroiëàh, cm mlfrmltiomlths, itê qum i ohrtm psj`hnðkj`i ch mkh (shlh nmtérkj`h) i `hlcuz ih lïvmn trilspmsshin ci omltm, hu smbi, jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho h Ghsohs, iquj rmprmsmltich pmnh `isiomlth `ho Mrhs m hs fmstmbhs lh Hnjoph. Issjo, mstm ojth phcm smr vjsth `hoh i fhroi cm cir smltjch i uo oulch cm `rmlëis m cmsmbhs ch phvh krmkh ih omsoh tmoph mo qum h ibuchu i `hlstruï-nh `hoh tin. Ih nhlkh ci ajstðrji, cjvmrsis fhrois cm `hoprmmlcmr i omltm auoili fhrio mniehricis, m mstis smoprm mstjvmrio itrmnicis i uoi fhroi cm `hl`memr h oulch. Pmlch issjo, phcm-sm phcm- sm cjzmr qum „is  psj`hnhkjis‟, lis suis bé `néssj`is cjvjsýms, surkjrio itrmnicis i uoi cmtmrojlici vjsàh cm oulch. Oulch mstm qum prm`jsi cm smltjchs piri mxjstjr mlquilth `hlstruëàh `unturin. Ilinjsilch `hoh i `unturi h`jcmltin tmo hrkiljzich sui `hl`mpëàh cm oulch, Oiths (9::5) cmsti`i2 „Lh oulch h`jcmltin `jmltïfj`h ituin rm`hlam`mohs i mxjstâl`ji cm cuis rminjcicms eésj`is2 i rminjcicm `irtmsjilh-lmwthljili qum issuom qum h uljvmrsh ê `hophsth phr uoi quism jlfjljcicm cm hebmths oijs hu omlhs smpirichs uls chs hutrhs7 m i rminjcicm ci Fïsj`i Ohcmrli qum issuom m prhvi qum h uljvmrsh ê `hoh uoi tmji cm irilai kjkiltms`i m cjlåoj`i. Mo hutris pinivris, qum lmsti rminjcicm

 

oijs prhfulci mxprmssi pmni Fïsj`i Ohcmrli, làh mxjstm i smpiriëàh Pubmjth x Hebmth, ois qum tuch ê sjopnmsomltm uoi uljcicm cjlåoj`i.‟ (p. :)  :)  Msti vjsàh làh cuinjsti ci rmniëàh submjth x hebmth, cmsti`ici pmni Fïsj`i Ohcmrli, rhopm `ho is `hlstruëýms `irtmsjilh-lmwthljilis qum cmrio eism ä ituin sustmltiëàh cm oulch ci `unturi h`jcmltin, issjo `hoh smrvjrio cm inj`mr`m piri mniehriëàh cis cjvmrsis „psj`hnhkjis‟. Hs trieinahs ci Fïsj`i Ohcmrli phssjejnjtirio h surkjomlth cm lhvis qumstýms, itê mltàh làh nmvilticis cmltrh ci pmrspm`tjvi cuinjsti, tijs `hoh2 quin h jopi`th ci qumeri ci cjvjsàh submjth x hebmth sherm i omltm auoili8 M mo qum tin jopi`th intmrirji i `hlstruëàh cm oulch8 Yum `hl`mpëýms cm suebmtjvjcicm momrkmo cm uoi vjsàh cm oulch oulc h làh cuin8 I prjomjri rmfnmxàh qum surkju cmstis qumstýms jlcj`hu i jophssjejnjcicm cm `hoprmmlcmr i „uljcicm cjlåoj`i‟, iphltici pmnh ohcmnh ci Fïsj`i Ohcmrli, i pirtjr ch lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji hrcjlérjh (`hlstruïch cmltrh ch ohcmnh cuinjsti). Lmstm smltjch, surkjrio is  pmsqujsis (Krhf, 5444 m [jnemr, 9::6) sherm hs cjfmrmltms lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji, iphltilch qum i supmriëàh chs njojtms jophsths pmni lhssi pmrshlinjcicm - `hlstruïci cm jcmltjfj`iëýms joikjlérjis, phrtilth fruth cm cjvjsýms - i pirtjr cm tm`lhnhkjis intmrichris ci `hls`jâl`ji,  phssjejnjtivio h i`mssh i lïvmjs cm rmniëýms oijs ahnïstj`is `ho h oulch m `hlsjkh omsoh,  prhpj`jilch, `ho jssh, lïvmjs cm siòcm omltin omltin oijs sitjsfitðrjhs. Emlmfj`jilch-sm cis cms`hemrtis ci lhvi Fïsj`i m eus`ilch ilinjsir smu jopi`th li omltm auoili - prjl`jpinomltm lh qum cjz rmspmjth ihs cjfmrmltms lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji  prhcuzjchs pmni prmsmlëi cm cmtmrojlici fhroi cm vmr h oulch (`irtmsjili-lmwthljili x „uljcicm cjlåoj`i‟ ci Fïsj`i Ohcmrli), emo `hoh äs tm`lhnhkjis tm`lhnhkj is intmrichris cm `hls`jâl`ji m suis rmpmr`ussýms li `hlstruëàh cm uo lhvh smltjch piri h oulch - hrkiljzhu-sm i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, `hoh uo rioh ci Tsj`hnhkji mspm`jinjzich lh mstuch chs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, oijs mspm`jfj`iomltm ci „`hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i‟, hu mstichs cjths „supmrjhrms‟, „iopnjichs‟ hu "trilspmsshijs" ci `hls`jâl`ji qum phcmo smr `hoprmmlcjchs `hoh2 „... mltrici luoi cjomlsàh fhri ch mspiëh-tmoph mspiëh-tmoph tin `hoh `hstuoi smr  pmr`mejci pmnhs lhsshs `jl`h smltjchs. Ê uoi iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji `houo `ho vjsàh cjrmti cm uoi rminjcicm qum sm iprhxjoi oujth chs `hl`mjths ci fïsj`i ohcmrli‟ ([mjn, 9::4i, p.:)  p.:)  @hoh sm phcm pmr`memr, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin surkju mo rmsphsti äs jl`hlkruâl`jis cmltrh ch ohcmnh tricj`jhlin, luoi tmltitjvi cm jltmkrir phssjejnjcicms cm uoi oijhr `ipi`jcicm auoili li `hrrmltm prjl`jpin cis cjs`jpnjlis `hophrtiomltijs m cm siòcm omltin ch H`jcmltm. Smlch `hoh invh mxpilcjr h `ioph ci pmsqujsi psj`hnðkj`i, jl`nujlch érmis ci mxpmrjâl`ji m ch `hophrtiomlth auoilh issh`jicis ä siòcm m ih emo-mstir mxtrmoh, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin cmsphlti `hoh ohvjomlth sjstmoitjzich i pirtjr cm 9:6:. @ho i fhroiëàh ci Issh`jiëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin m i puenj`iëàh cm sui rmvjsti, lis`mu uoi  prjomjri cmfjljëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin7 issjo mxprmssi Putj`a (9:6:) ipuc [mjn (9::4i)2 „Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin (hu „Yuirti Fhrëi‟)phr ê huo tïtunh cich uoi fhrëim momrkmltm lh `ioph ci psj`hnhkji, rmprmsmltici kruph cm ipsj`ðnhkhs

 

 prhfjssjhlijs cm hutris érmis, cm ioehs hs smxhs, qum mstàh jltmrmssichs liqumnis `ipi`jcicms m phtml`jinjcicms ÒNSJOIP qum làh phssumo uo nukir sjstmoétj`h li tmhrji phsjtjvjsti hu emaivjhrjsti („Trjomjri Fhrëi), li tmhrji psj`ilinïtj`i `néssj`i („Pmkulci Fhrëi‟), hu li psj`hnhkji auoilïstj`i („Smr`mjri Fhrëi‟). (T.5:) Tiri sjltmtjzir i cmfjljëàh cici phr Putj`a, Oiths (9::5) issjo sm mxprmssi2 „I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin mstuci mspm`jinomltm mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji m sm jltmrmssi mspm`jinomltm pmnh mstuch cm mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin.‟ (  p. :) H tmroh trilspmsshin6, `ubi hrjkmo ê itrjeuïci i @irn Bulk m Uhemrth Issikjhnj, fhj ichtich cmphjs cm uoi `hlsjcmrévmn cmnjemriëàh mo thrlh chs rmniths cm pritj`iltms cm vérjis cjs`jpnjlis ci `hls`jâl`ji qum finivio cm mxpmrjâl`ji cm uoi mxtmlsàh ci jcmltjcicm piri inêo ci jlcjvjcuinjcicm m ci pmrshlinjcicm. Pmlch issjo, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ê, iltms, uo jlstruomlth cm pmsqujsi ci liturmzi mssml`jin ch smr, m „... làh ê uo rioh ci Tsj`hnhkji qum njci `ho h ojstj`jsoh, `rjstijs, fnhrijs, tir ó m hutris prétj`is. Ê uo cmscheriomlth ajstðrj`h-`jmltïfj`h cis trâs ms`hnis (Emaivjhrjsoh, Tsj`ilénjsm m Auoiljsoh) qum i prm`mcmrio.‟ (Khlëinvms Fjnah, 9::= p. :) @hlfhrom jlcj`i Viukail m [insa (9::=)2 „I psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin msté vhntici piri i mxpilsàh i mxpilsàh ch `ioph ci pmsqujsi  psj`hnðkj`i i fjo cm jl`nujr h mstuch ci siòcm m ch emo-mstir psj`hnðkj`h ðtjohs.  Mni rm`hlam`m h phtml`jin ci vjvâl`ji cm uoi iopni kioi cm mstuchs cm `hls`jâl`ji, mo inkuls chs quijs i jcmltjcicm phcm mstmlcmr-sm piri inêo chs njojtms usuijs ch mkh m ci pmrshlinjcicm.‟ (p.91)  (p.91)    Lh qum cjz rmspmjth ä psj`htmripji trilspmsshin, hs iuthrms `jtichs phr òntjoh `hl`numo qum mni2 „... jl`nuj érmis m prmh`upiëýms tricj`jhlijs, äs quijs i`rms`mlti h jltmrmssm mo  fi`jnjtir h `rms`jomlth m i pmr`mpëàh piri inêo chs lïvmjs cm siòcm tricj`jhlinomltm rm`hlam`jchs. Umjtmrio-sm lmni i jophrtål`ji ci ohcjfj`iëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji m i vinjcicm ci mxpmrjâl`ji m ci jcmltjcicm trils`mlcmltijs.‟ (p.91)  (p.91)   Ijlci li njëàh cm Viukail m [insa (9::=) quilch cmsti`i is pmsqujsis cm Ptiljsniv Krhf i`mr`i cis mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs, tâo-sm qum2

6

 Tiri oijhrms cmtinams sherm i ajstðrji ci mvhnuëàh ch tmroh Srilspmsshin, vmr @ip.J, jtmo 9.9.

 

„...mssis mxpmrjâl`jis mlvhnvmo uoi mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji piri inêo cis „...mssis  frhltmjris `hstuomjris ch mkh m piri inêo cis njojtiëýms `houls cm tmoph m cm mspiëh. Mo suis pmsqujsis `ho i psj`htmripji ch NPC, Krhf hesmrvhu qum thchs hs  submjths tmrojlivio phr trils`mlcmr h lïvmn psj`hcjlåoj`h m pmlmtrivio lhs choïljhs trilspmsshijs. Mssm phtml`jin tioeêo phcm smr in`ilëich smo prhcuths quïoj`hs, smbi msphltilmiomltm, pmni prétj`i cm vérjis cjs`jpnjlis ci `hls`jâl`ji  phr mxmopnh, omcjtiëàh m jhki - , , hu li psj`htmripji ivilëici‟ (  pp.91 m 9:) Smo-sm issjo cm fhroi rmsuojci i cmfjljëàh ch qum hs iuthrms mltmlcmo phr „jcmltjcicms trils`mlcmltijs‟, qum smrji i „mxpilsàh  „mxpilsàh   ci `hls`jâl`ji piri inêo cis frhltmjris `hstuomjris ch mkh m piri inêo cis njojtiëýms `houls cm tmoph m cm mspiëh‟. H qum pmrojtm trils`mlcmr h lïvmn psj`hcjlåoj`h m pmlmtrir lhs „choïljhs trilspmsshijs‟. @hoh sm phcm  pmr`memr làh ê inkh shermliturin, hu smbi, cm hrcmo làh auoili. Hs prhcuths quïoj`hs, i  prétj`i cm vérjis cjs`jpnjlis ci `hls`jâl`ji - phr mxmopnh2 omcjtiëàh m yhki -, hu i psj`htmripji ivilëici, sàh inkuls ohcjfj`ichrms ci `hls`jâl`ji iphltichs. @hlfhrom jlcj`i Siehlm (9::=)2 „H rm`hlam`jomlth rm`hlam`jomlth ci mxjstâl`ji ch lïvmn trilspmsshin ci `hls`jâl`ji m cis mxpmrjâl`jis njkicis i mssm lïvmn, mltmlcjcis `hoh ispm`ths jltrïlsm`hs ci liturmzi auoili m cm qum thch jlcjvïcuh tmo h cjrmjth cm ms`hnamr hu cm ohcjfj`ir h smu „`iojlah‟ piri itjlkjr hs hebmtjvhs hebmtjvhs trilspmsshijs, fhj fulciomltin piri h cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci „quirti„quirti- fhrëi‟.  fhrëi‟. (p. :;)  :;)  Ilinjsilch hs mstuchs cm Krhf (9:13i), Siehlm cmsti`i qum h mlfhqum li mxpmrjâl`ji cm hrcmo mspjrjtuin, `hoprmmlcjci phr lðs `hoh h mstuch ch sikrich, oir`irio h phlth cm trilsjëàh mltrm i psj`hnhkji auoiljsti m i trilspmsshin, m iprmsmlti-sm `hoh uo chs jltmrmssms cm pmsqujsi cmsti òntjoi. „@hoh `hlsmqþâl`ji cmssi i`mjtiëàh m ci jophrtål`ji itrjeuïci ä cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin ci vjci auoili, vérjhs psj`ðnhkhs auoiljstis pissirio i sm jltmrmssir  phr uoi uo i sêrjm cm mstuchs itê mltàh lmknjkml`jichs pmni Tsj`hnhkji A Auoiljsti, uoiljsti, tijs `hoh2 h âxtism, is mxpmrjâl`jis oïstj`is, i trils`mlcâl`ji, i `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i, i tmhrji m i prétj`i cm omcjtiëàh m i sjlmrkji jltmrjlcjvjcuin m j ltmrmspê`jms.‟ (Krhf, 9:13, ipuc Siehlm, 9::=, p. :;) H mstuch ch sikrich, `hoh phltm cm trilsjëàh mltrm i psj`hnhkji auoilïstj`i m i trilspmsshin, `iri`tmrjzi-sm phr hutri fhroi cm `hoprmmlcmr h surkjomlth ci Yuirti Fhrëi mo Tsj`hnhkji. Tin`h cm jomlsh `iemcin cm prétj`is, mstuchs m pmsqujsi, h sikrich mstmvm phr oujths sê`unhs `hoh fh`h `mltrin cm jlòomris rmfnmxýms fjnhsðfj`is m rmnjkjhsis. H `ioph `jmltïfj`h tioeêo làh fj`hu jlsmlsïvmn i tin cjomlsàh, phcmlch-sm cmsti`ir li érmi psj`hnðkj`i is `hltrjeujëýms cm Oisnhw (9:63),Vjgthr Frilgn (9:;9), Bulk (9:;:), Uhkmrs (9:10), [jnnjio Bioms (9::9), Issikjhnj (9::5), mltrm hutrhs. Cmsvjl`unilch-sm ci rmnjkjàh, h `hl`mjth cm sikrich, `hlfhrom sm ml`hltri iprmsmltich  phr qum2Ojr`mi Mnjicm, lh prðnhkh cm sui „Ajstðrji cis @rmlëis m cis Jcêjis Umnjkjhsis‟, cmfmlcm

 

  „... ê cjfï`jn joikjlir `hoh phcmrji i `hls`jâl`ji ipirm`mr smo `hlfmrjr uoi  sjkljfj`iëàh ihs jopunshs m äs mxpmrjâl`jis ch aho ahomo. mo. I `hls`jâl`ji cm uo oulch rmin m sjkljfj`itjvh msté jltjoiomltm njkici ä cms`hemrti ch sikrich. Tmni mxpmrjâl`ji ch sikrich, h mspïrjth auoilh `ipthu i cjfmrmlëi mltrm h qum sm rmvmni `hoh rmin, phcmrhsh, rj`h m sjkljfj`itjvh, m h qum ê `irmltm cmssis quinjcicms, hu  smbi, h fnuxh `iðtj`h m ppmrjkhsh mrjkhsh cis `hjsis, smus ipirm`jomlths m cmsipirm`jomlths  fhrtujths m vizjhs cm smltjch... Mo suoi, h ‑sikrich‚ ê uo mnmomlth li mstruturi ci `hls`jâl`ji, m làh uoi fism ci ajstðrji cmssi `hls`jâl`ji‟. (Mnjicm, Ojr`mi7 ipuc Holês, Uhnilc, 9::6) M jsth lhs phssjejnjti h rhopjomlth `ho is cj`hthojis qum pýmo sikrich m `jmltïfj`h mo  pðnhs hphsths, cm fhroi qum h prjomjrh fj`i i `irkh chs rmnjkjhshs m h smkulch chs ahomls cm `jâl`ji.  Lmstm smltjch, `hlsjcmrilch-sm `hlsjcmrilch- sm h sikrich `hoh „mnmomlth „mnmomlth li mstruturi ci `hls`jâl`ji‟, `hls`jâl`ji‟, surkju i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `ho uo `hrph tmðrj`h qum eus`i cir `hlti cm uoi jomlsi kioi cm fmlóomlhs, itê mltàh làh vinhrjzichs pmnis tmhrjis qum nam iltm`mcmrio. Mstms fmlóomlhs ml`hltrio-sm `itinhkichs mo jlòomrhs mstuchs, m smus cjs`urshs ml`hltrio rmsshlål`ji lhs `hl`mjths iprmsmltichs pmni Fïsj`i Ohcmrli ([memr, 9:1:7 @ipri, 9:10). Pmo `ijr lhs rmcu`jhljsohs hu omsoh lh `hrphritjvjsoh qum oir`io i oijhrji cis tmlcâl`jis mo psj`hnhkji, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin eus`i fizmr uoi sïltmsm cis cjvmrsis `hltrjeujëýms cis tmlcâl`jis tmripâutj`is. Pmkujlch mssm `ursh, mni ierjki lh smu ehbh hs cjfmrmltms riohs ch siemr psj`hnðkj`h chlcm sm cmsti`io ispm`ths ci psj`hnhkji lh åoejth mxpmrjomltin, fjsjhnðkj`i, pithnðkj`i, `nïlj`i, mvhnutjvi, emaivjhrjsti, kmstintjsti, psj`ilinïtj`i, mxjstml`jin m auoilïstj`i. Msti jltmkriëàh prhpým uoi `hlmxàh, li quin hs rm`urshs cmstis cjs`jpnjlis `ho suis rmspm`tjvis tm`lhnhkjis sàh ikrmkichs smo msfi`mniomlths. Cmssm ohch, fhkm-sm ch m`nmtjsoh, qum phcmrji smr jcmltjfj`ich `hoh h ush jshnich cm tê`lj`is m rm`urshs cm cjvmrsis cjs`jpnjlis smo fjls cm `hlm`tjvjcicm.  Li Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, phr rm`hlam`mr-sm i iopnjtucm ch oulch psïquj`h p sïquj`h `ho uoi `irthkrifji qum ierilkm cmscm h lïvmn pmrjlitin ih lïvmn trilspmsshin, eus`i-sm rhopmr `ho uoi vjsàh frikomltici cm oulch, amrilëi ch pmlsiomlth lmwthljilh-`irtmsjilh qum kmri hljphtâl`ji m jshni`jhljsohs mltrm hs cjvmrshs riohs ch siemr. Lh qum cjz rmspmjth i smu ohcmnh ichtich, sm phcm mltmlcmr qum2 „... psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin ê oujth smomnailtm smomnailtm ih ohcmnh quiltuo-rmnitjvjsoh ci Fïsj`i ohcmrli sue-itóoj`i..., ohcmnhs qum prh`urio iprmsmltir uo phlth cm vjsti jltmkrich ci tmhrji cm quiltuo m rmnitjvjcicm.... H uljvmrsh thch (oitêrji/mlmrkji) ê uoi mltjcicm cjlåoj`i mo `hlstiltm oucilëi luo thch jlcjvjsïvmn.‟ (Oiths, 9::5, p.99)  p.99)  Cmssi vjsàh momrkm uoi prhphsjëàh ahnïstj`i cm oulch, cm tin fhroi qum i `hniehriëàh mltrm ms`hnis tricj`jhlinomltm hphlmltms jl`hrphri-sm lh `mlérjh trilspmsshin.  Lh trieinah trilspmsshin, quilth oijs iopni m jltmkrici fhr i vjsàh ch tmripmuti i`mr`i cis phssjejnjcicms cjsphlïvmjs lhs cjvmrshs riohs ch siemr, oijs iopni smré sui phssjejnjcicm

 

cm ituiëàh. ]oi oir`i ch tmripmuti trilspmsshin cmvm smr i fnmxjejnjcicm m i `ipi`jcicm cm iemrturi piri h lhvh, omsoh qum mstm cmsifjm suis jcêjis `hrrmltms. Smlch rmsshlål`ji luo piricjkoi momrkmltm, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin làh sm prhpým i smr uo sjstmoi fm`aich, lmo uo suestjtuth piri h vmnah, jsth ê, làh tmo `hoh hebmtjvh fm`airsm hu chojlir frmltm i uoi vjsàh cm oulch qum sustmltm uoi vmrcicm òlj`i. H iuthmlrjqum`jomlth, itrivês ci iuth`rïtj`i, oir`i smu ohch cm prhcuzjr h siemr, cm fhroi qum i mxpilsàh cm lhvis tm`lhnhkjis lh mstuch ch ahomo sàh rmqumrjcis m mxpmrjml`jicis. Thr mssm `iojlah, omsoh is `hlstruëýms `irthkréfj`is bé mstiemnm`jcis, `hoh is cm Krhf (9:11), Issikjhnj (9::5), [jnemr (9::6) sàh vjstis `hoh lhrtmichris cm prh`msshs, m làh `hoh vmrcicms i smrmo smkujcis rjkjciomltm. Mnis iprmsmltio smus vinhrms i pirtjr ch ohomlth mo qum iopnjio is pmrspm`tjvis cm trieinah m sjstmoitjzio uoi kioi jomlsi cm fmlóomlhs. Ois,  phr smrmo mniehricis mo cmtmrojlich lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji, itmlcmo i uoi fijxi cm mxpmrjâl`ji, làh sm prhphlch i cir `hlti cm thch h fmlóomlh auoilh. Mo sïltmsm, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin surkju `hoh uo cmscheriomlth ajstðrj`h cis  psj`hnhkjis iltmrjhrms, oijs mspm`jfj`iomltm ci Tsj`hnhkji Auoilïstj`i, cm hlcm siju i oijhrji cm smus fulcichrms. Trhphlch-sm ih mstuch chs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, `ho âlfism lhs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin, mstm lhvh lhvh rioh ci psj`hnhkji, tioeêo cmlhojlich „Yuirti Fhrëi mo Tsj`hnhkji‟, mstiemnm`m uoi `hlmxàh mltrm mxjstml`jinjsoh, fmlhomlhnhkji, auoiljsoh m is oijs rm`mltms cms`hemrtis lhs cjvmrshs `iophs ch siemr auoilh. Yuilth äs pmsqujsis cmsmlvhnvjcis, mstis eus`io rmskitir h smr auoilh mo sui cjomlsàh cm thtinjcicm (smr ejh-psj`h-sh`jin, `ðsoj`h m mspjrjtuin). Tiri tilth, ichti uoi nirki fijxi cm phssjejnjcicms cm ipnj`iëàh, jl`nujlch is érmis tricj`jhlijs ci psj`hnhkji (jlcustrjin, `nïlj`i, ms`hnir, sh`jin), lis quijs ierm lhvhs nmqums `ho mstuchs lis érmis `houljtérji, ahspjtinir, ioeunithrjin, tilithnðkj`i, tilithnðkj`i, m`hnðkj`i, inêo ci mcu`iëàh piri i piz. 9.9. 

Hrjkmls Ajstðrj`is ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin H pissich ê ajstðrji. H futurh, ojstêrjh.  Mstm ohomlth ê uoi cécjvi.  M phr mssi rizàh h `aioiohs „h prmsmltm‟.  prmsmltm‟.  - Iuthr cms`hlam`jch

I ermvm ilénjsm ajstðrj`i cis hrjkmls ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin smré fmjti `ho i ibuci ch ojth cm Tsjquê, iltmrjhromltm rmnitich, cm fhroi qum i pissikmo cm uoi êph`i piri hutri smré oir`ici phr uo suetïtunh qum tmlti mxprmssir h pmr`ursh ch lis`jomlth itê h `isiomlth cm Tsjquê. I omtéfhri cmstm `isiomlth smré utjnjzici, iquj, piri mxprmssir h surkjomlth ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. 9.9.9. Uiïzms ajstðrj`is lh `hltmxth jltmrli`jhlin CI TUÊ-AJPSÐUJI IH O]LCH ILSJKH2 TPJY]Ê VIK]MJI PMO LHOM M PMLSI-PM MOEIJQH CI ÉUVHUM EHCAJ

 

  I eus`i pmni trils`mlcâl`ji smoprm h`uphu uo nirkh mspiëh lis oiljfmstiëýms `unturijs auoilis. Is pjlturis rupmstrms lis `ivmrlis cm Intiojri m Nms`iux, citicis cm 54.444 i.@., issjo `hoh hs rjths rmnjkjhshs cm sh`jmcicms prjojtjvis hrjmltijs m h`jcmltijs sàh oir`is qum rmfnmtmo msti prmh`upiëàh. Hs iltrhphnhkjstis `itinhkirio cjvmrsis cmssis oiljfmstiëýms ih nhlkh ci Ajstðrji, fhroilch uo nirkh i`mrvh qum eus`i cir `hlti ci rmniëàh ch ahomo `ho h qum ahbm sm cmlhojlio vinhrms cm trils`mlcâl`ji. mstms i`aichs, cmsti`iohs is smpunturis ch ahomo cm Lmilcmrtain (944.444 i.@.), i pirtjrMltrm cis fiohsis ms`iviëýms li `ivmrli cm Pailjcir, lh Jriqum, qum ohstririo mvjcâl`jis cm rjths fulmrérjhs chs lmilcmrtinmsms hs quijs jl`nuïio fmstis, fnhrms m injomlths, issjo `hoh tòounhs `ujcichsiomltm prmpirichs m issjlinichs. Bhlms (9:;6) issjlini i cms`hemrti cm msqumnmths ch Ahomo ch @rh-Oiklhl, mltmrrichs li phsjëàh fmtin. Ipðs i ilinjsm cm tin prétj`i, `amkhu-sm ä `hl`nusàh cm qum i fhroi ch mltmrrh mstivi vjl`unici ä `rmlëi cm qum tin phsjëàh fi`jnjtirji h rmthrlh ch mspïrjth ch ohrth, emo `hoh smrvji piri mstiemnm`mr vïl`unhs moh`jhlijs m cm pmrtml`jomlth mltrm i `houljcicm m uo ipni`iomlth ci ilsjmcicm frmltm ä fjljtucm. Hs xioàs smoprm h`upirio uo nukir cm cmstiqum mltrm is `unturis iltjkis `hoh rmsphlsévmjs pmni siòcm omltin m mspjrjtuin ci phpuniëàh, usilch piri jssh h `hltith `ho is mltjcicms suprilhroijs, smbio mstis filtisois chs ohrths, mspïrjths cis pniltis, iljoijs, rjhs hu ohltilais. Mo rmfhrëh i msti jcêji cmsti`iohs h trieinah cm Khunc (9:61), lh quin h iuthr `jti is hesmrviëýms ch iltrhpðnhkh Ilcrmw Nilk m ch mtlðnhkh Oix Nilk mo trjehs ci Thnjlêsji, emo `hoh h trieinah cm Mnjicm (9::1) `hlsjcmrich `néssj`h lmssi érmi. Mltrm hs iltjkhs eiejnóljhs, mkïp`jhs m pmrsis, aé i prmsmlëi oir`iltm cm fmlóomlhs qum ahbm smrjio cmlhojlichs cm `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin. H „Njvrh Mkïp`jh chs Ohrths‟ `ho smus `ho  smus tmxths fòlmerms (ms`rjths piri LmsjYumlsu, Yumrisamr m Siqumrt-p-uru-iet), ajlhs, hriëýms m  pinivris cm phcmr ê uo vmrcicmjrh tritich cm tilithnhkji m cm vinhrjziëàh ci vjci, i pirtjr ch ml`hltrh `ho i ohrtm m i trilsfhroiëàh qum mni prhvh`i.  prhvh`i.   Lh ajlh cm nhuvhr i Ué, Hsïrjs, h ms`rjei Ilj, issjo mxprmssi msti trilsfhro trilsfhroiëàh2 iëàh2 „Ahomlikmo i tj, (5) ð Ué, quilch tm nmviltis. ...Ês ichrich Wphr ojo quilch_ tui pun`rjtucm msté cjiltm chs omus hnahs m Wquilch tmus_ (0) rijhs W`imo_ sherm h Womu_ `hrph. ...Ð tu qum ês emnh cm oilaà m ä tircm, ð tu qum vjvms m mstés jlstinich, ð omu smlahr!  Ahomlikmo i tj, ð tu qum ês Ué quilch tm nmviltis, m (;) Smo quilch tm pýms oiklïfj`h. Nmviltis-tm m erjnais lis `hstis cm tui oàm WLut_, ð tu qum fhstm `hrhich rmj (1) chs cmusms! ...Erjnai `ho tmus rijhs cm nuz sherm h omu `hrph cji ipðs cji (9=)...‟ (Euckm, 9:1=, pp. 964, 969)  969)  Vmo ci Ïlcji iltjki h `mlérjh hlcm Tsjquê surkm, smlch h Siltrjsoh Pajvijsti uo emrëh fm`ulch piri smu cmsmlvhnvjomlth, jl`nusjvm ch ohcmnh cm `hls`jâl`ji i pirtjr ci lhëàh cm @aigris,, vðrtj`ms mlmrkêtj`hs cm liturmzi psj`hfïsj`i rmsphlsévmjs pmnhs prh`msshs omltijs, @aigris moh`jhlijs m sutjs. I shfjstj`iëàh cmstms ohcmnhs cm `hls`jâl`ji tmo sjch rmskitici pmnis  pmsqujsis trilspmsshijs, li ituinjcicm, luoi tmltitjvi jopir cm rhopmr `ho h sjnâl`jh mtlh`âltrj`h mo rmniëàh i hutrhs ohcmnhs cm omltm cjfmrmltms chs h`jcmltijs.  Licmeijxh `jcicm cm cm uoi Ehcajkiji, h shn erjnailtm jlcjili,cmh sð bhvmo prïl`jpm Pjcairti  Ehcaj m smlti-sm érvhrm she ci mspê`jm Ehcaj mspê`jm  mci fizoilaà i ohtjviëàh nmviltir cmphjs cm tmr

 

`hoprmmlcjch h ful`jhliomlth cm Tsjquê. Mnm qum tjlai mxpmrjml`jich hs mxtrmohs, ch amchljsoh ä lmkiëàh `hopnmti chs smltjchs, tmo sui lhjtm phvhici cm ml`hltrhs `ho hs `hltmòchs cm sui omltm, itê qum ih invhrm`mr th`i li mstruturi prhcuthri cm Tsjquê, iphltilch h `irétmr jnusðrjh cmsti. H bhvmo „cmspmrti‟, ciï tmr rm`mejch h lhom cm Euci, h cmspmrth, hu smbi, iqumnm qum vâ inêo cis `hlstruëýms jnusðrjis, inêo cm oiyi oiyi (i  (i cjomlsàh jnusðrji). Yuilch h Euci sm nmvilti,  pissi i cmcj`ir-sm ih`iojlah mlsjliomlth hrjkmo, i `iusi mCmsti i `mssiëàh ch shfrjomlth, iphltilch ih fjlin uo cm hjthsherm pisshsi piri sui supmriëàh. mxpmrjâl`ji, erhti uoi cis oijs shfjstj`icis fhrois cm `hoprmmlsàh ci omltm auoili m tinvmz uo chs prjomjrhs tritichs sherm i omltm `ho uoi `hoprmmlsàh trilspmsshin2 H Ieajcairoi H Ieajcairoi.. Bé lh  Ieajcairoi  Ieajcairoi,, Tsjquê ê rmprmsmltici mo smus prh`msshs cm `hlstruëàh m cms`hlstruëàh cmlhojlichs „Hs „Hs chzm mnhs ci hrjkjliëàh jltmrcmpmlcmltm‟. jltmrcmpmlcmltm ‟. Lmnm hs lïvmjs trilspmsshijs cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji sàh cmnjlmichs, hfmrm`mlch uoi vjsàh cis mohëýms cmstrutjvis m h pmr`ursh ci fhroiëàh ci lhëàh cm jcmltjcicm. ]oi nhlki tricjëàh cm fjnðshfhs hrjmltijs cmeruëhu-sm sherm i omltm, prhcuzjlch uoi nhlki njtmrituri qum sð ikhri `homëi i `amkir ih h`jcmltm itrivês chs tmðrj`hs trilspmsshijs. Hs trieinahs cm [jnemr (5445), Virmni, F.B. & Sahopshl, M. m Uhs`a, M. (5440), Khnmoil (9:::i, 9:::e) m Mpstmjl (5449, 5440) sàh mxmopnhs ci rjqumzi tmðrj`i hfmrm`jcis pmnis tricjëýms  eucjstis lh `hltith `ho i `unturi h`jcmltin. h`jcmltin.  Lh H`jcmltm, `hltuch, h mtlh`mltrjsoh, injich ä cjfj`uncicm cm i`mssh ä njtmrituri hrjmltin, tmo lhs `hlcuzjch i uoi vjsàh cm qum Tsjquê tmvm smu lis`jomlth bulth `ho i fjnhshfji krmki. Lh mltilth, hs ohcmnhs cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth m is tmhrjis ci omltm prhcuzjcis lhs omjhs trilspmsshijs iphltio piri rjqumzi cis tmhrjis hrjmltijs, qum prm`jsio smr rmvjstis cm fhroi iutâltj`i m njvrm cm prm`hl`mjths. I KUÊ@JI2 H LIP@JOMLSH CM TPJY]Ê Ê li Krê`ji qum lis`m i jcêji cm Tsjquê, inoi, itrivês ch `hltith `ho is mxpmrjâl`jis cm ohrtm m lis`jomlth, shlahs m shlh, `hltith `ho hs iltmpissichs, `hlsuntis i hré`unhs mt`. Iquj ijlci prmvinm`m i itjtucm iljojsti cm itrjeujr uo phcmr oékj`h äs fhrëis ci liturmzi. @hltuch, i jcêji rmcu`jhljsti cm qum mstms pmlsiomlths sàh sjopnðrjhs cmsvinhrjzi h phcmr `rjichr cmstis `unturis lis`mltms. I pirtjr ch sê`unh VJJ, i `unturi krmki vij issuojr uoi cjstjlëàh oujth pirtj`unir mo rmniëàh i hutris `unturis. Pm nmoerirohs cis `unturis iltjkis qum aiejtivio h oir Mkmu, vmohs qum mnis tjlaio uoi njkiëàh oujth krilcm `ho h pmlsiomlth hrjmltin. Li vmrcicm, i oilmjri cmnms iehrcirmo i liturmzi mri oujth smomnailtm. Làh aivji uoi cjstjlëàh, phr mxmopnh, mltrm i jcêji cm Tsjquê (jcêji cm suebmtjvjcicm, cm smr) m i liturmzi. Aivji uoi njkiëàh jltrïlsm`i mltrm mssms chjs `hl`mjths ‐  `hl`mjths ‐  psjquê  psjquê m liturmzi. Cm `mrti fhroi tjlai-sm uo pmlsiomlth oïstj`h, oékj`h, phrêo cm iprhxjoiëàh, cm làh cjstjlëàh, mltrm h psjquê m h `hsohs. Silth qum hs prjomjrhs fjnðshfhs, hs prê-sh`rétj`hs, tjlaio `hoh phlth jlj`jin cm rmfnmxàh i liturmzi. M ê shomltm i pirtjr chs sê`unhs V m VJ, quilch `homëi i fjnhshfji `néssj`i, qum h`hrrm uoi rmfnmxàh sherm h smr auoilh cjssh`jici ci rmfnmxàh sherm h `hsohs, sherm h oulch liturin. Yuilch krmkhs `homëio mnms fizmo mobéeus`i uo prjl`ïpjh uljfj`ichr piri hs i mxjstâl`ji ch oulchi mfjnhshfir, i pmrspm`tjvi cm qum jssh Tsjquê mstivicmjlsmrjch cmltrh

 

cmssm `hsohs. I pirtjr ch sê`unh V `homëi i aivmr uoi smpiriëàh. Ih omsoh tmoph mo qum sm issjstm lh Hrjmltm, oijs mspm`jfj`iomltm `ho i jnuojliëàh ch Euci, i uo fnhrms`jomlth cmssi tmltitjvi cm pmlsir i mxjstâl`ji auoili cmltrh ci sui nðkj`i oijs iopni, oijs `ðsoj`i, lh H`jcmltm vij-sm fizmr h `iojlah jlvmrsh.  Lh sê`unh V, ml`hltriohs uo `hlbulth cm fjnðshfhs qum ih jlvês cm pmrkultirmo sherm sherm i qumstàh ci hrjkmo ch prjl`ïpjh uljfj`ichr ci liturmzi, ch `hsohs cm uo ohch kmrin, mstàh h pmlsiomlth mo érmis uoi rmfnmxàh oijsivhntici icmoir`ilch jltmrjhrjcicm, ois làh fjnhsðfj`h i jltmrjhrjcicm mom iphltilch eus`i ci piri jltmkriëàh qum smrji oir`ipiri ch  pmlsiomlth hrjmltin (vh`â jltmrjhrjzi piri jltmkrir, m làh piri prhohvmr uo ifistiomlth ch oulch, ci liturmzi).  Lh H`jcmltm, i eus`i cm jltmrjhrjziëàh, qum ê uoi eus`i fjnhsðfj`i cm sj, ch `hlam`jomlth cm sj, ê cm uoi jltmrjhrjziëàh piri oir`ir uoi cjstål`ji, piri oir`ir uoi cjfmrml`jiëàh, uo mspiëiomlth mltrm h smr auoilh m hs cmoijs smrms qum `hopýmo h `hsohs. Ê uoi tmltitjvi cm eus`ir h `hlam`jomlth jltmrjhr, ois uo `hlam`jomlth jltmrjhr qum vij fivhrm`mr mssi cjlåoj`i ch choïljh, mssi cjlåoj`i ci smpiritjvjcicm, ch cjstil`jiomlth. Ê uoi rmfnmxjvjcicm oujth cjfmrmltm ci rmfnmxjvjcicm hrjmltin, hu smbi, vh`â msté sm `hlam`mlch oijs piri sm iuthlhojzir, piri sm smpirir, vh`â msté rmfnmtjlch sherm sj, ois piri cmoir`ir uoi frhltmjri mltrm Mu m h Hutrh, Mu m h Oulch. Lh `ish ci Krê`ji, phr mxmopnh2 qumo ê krmkh m qumo làh ê7 qumo ê `jvjnjzich m qumo ê eéreirh7 qumo ê qum chojli hs `ðcjkhs cm uo cmtmrojlich picràh `unturin m qumo làh chojli. TPJY]Ê PH@UÉSJ@I2 @HLAM@M-SM I SJ OMPOH Pð`ritms cmsnh`i h mjxh rmfnmxjvh ci liturmzi piri h smr auoilh, cilch surkjomlth i uoi vjrici iltrhphnðkj`i. Ih `hltrérjh ciqumnms qum nam iltm`mcmrio, mnm ohvm thci i  prhcuëàh omltin piri hs smus prðprjhs om`iljsohs cm pmlsiomlth, cm fulciomltiëàh. Jltmrjhrjzi i rmfnmxàh fjnhsðfj`i luo cmsmlah prmnjojlir cm suebmtjvjcicm, ih omsoh tmoph iltrhphnhkjzi. Cmssm ohch, Pð`ritms `hnh`i h ahomo `hoh h mjxh cmssi rmfnmxàh oijs iopni ci fjnhshfji qum ê h qum vij oir`ir thch pmlsiomlth h`jcmltin, h qum ohcmrliomltm `aioiohs i Fjnhshfji ch Pubmjth, moehri hs krmkhs làh tjvmssmo mssi jcêji cm submjth. Li vmrcicm i jcêji cm suebmtjvjcicm ê uoi jcêji ohcmrli. Ois mssi pmr`mpëàh cm qum i `hoprmmlsàh ch oulch, ch uljvmrsh, pissi phr uoi `hoprmmlsàh ch submjth, làh smrji tàh `hopnj`ici sm làh tjvêssmohs iltrhphnhkjzilch h pmlsiomlth fjnhsðfj`h. Mssm fjnðshfh `hltrjeuju ijlci cmnjlmilch uoi cjomlsàh qum phcmohs `aioir cm ahnïstj`i, qumr cjzmr, h smr auoilh ijlci làh msté `hopnmtiomltm cjssh`jich cis cmoijs msfmris. Bé mo Tnitàh, smu cjs`ïpunh cjrmth, jssh làh h`hrrm `hoh vmrmohs oijs ä frmltm. H Hré`unh cm Cmnfhs ê uo chs oijhrms mxmopnhs ci rjqumzi ch ush chs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji cmltrh ci `unturi krmki lh pmrïhch sh`rétj`h, oiltmlch-sm jophrtiltm cmscm h pmrïhch ch Amnmljsoh itê i êph`i cm Inmxilcrm, h Krilcm, uo chs smus oijs issïcuhs `hlsunthrms. Hs cjénhkhs cm Pð`ritms m smu cijohl cijohl   bé sm thrlirio `néssj`hs, smlch fiohsh h cjénhkh `ho h cjs`ïpunh Olêjis. Lmstm, Pð`ritms i`hlsmnai h cjs`ïpunh i làh jr ä `hrrjci cm  ejkis mo @airojcms, phsth qum ifhri jlfhroich ci sui ohrtm, phr smu `jich. cijohl.. Olêjis cmsprmzi cijohl hs `hlsmnahs ch fjnðshfh, vjlch finm`mr, `hoh qum `uoprjlch h ilul`jich. ilul

 

  TPJY]Ê VIK]MJI CJVJCJCI LIP PHOEUIP CI @IVMULI Mo Tnitàh tmohs uoi cmoir`iëàh cm frhltmjris qum vij prhcuzjr uo fhrtm jopi`th li `unturi h`jcmltin2 smu jcminjsoh oujth i`mltuich. @hoh Pð`ritms, mnm vij pirtjr cmssi rmfnmxàh ch smr auoilh, ois iï mnm `jlcm h smr auoilh, au oilh, `hjsi qum Pð`ritms làh fizji. Tnitàh vij Thr prhcuzjr ci inoi, ci psjqum, tmo uoi cupni `hopnmtiomltm fi`m2 9.  uo uoi nich,tmhrji i inoi, i psjqum, làhqumsmrji i`mssïvmn ih  pmlsiomlth, phrqum mstirji issh`jici ä jcêji uuljvmrsin ljvmrsin (i jcêji ch irquêtjph)7 nhkh làh phcmrji smr in`ilëici cjrmtiomltm. Ih omsoh tmoph mnm trilsfmrm h choïljh ci inoi piri h choïljh ch jltmnjkïvmn hlcm làh `hlsmkujohs i`msséni cjrmtiomltm, mltrmtilth mnm tioeêo ifjroi qum, quilch mssi inoi ml`irli, fj`i submjti äs qumstýms ch oulch smlsïvmn, shermtuch äs qumstýms ch `hrph. M, quilch ml`irli, mni tmlcm i sm `hrrhopmr mo fulëàh cmssm `hltith `ho h oulch `hrphrin. Ê lmssm omrkunah ci inoi cmltrh ch `hrph m `ho thchs hs cmsifjhs qum mssi ml`irliëàh i`irrmti ê qum mnm vij prhcuzjr uoi hutri tmhrji ci inoi. 5.  I inoi suecjvjcjci, mo mstilch li msfmri ch smltjch, inj fj`i m pissi i issuojr `hoh hebmth uo trieinah cm iuth-mcu`iëàh. Mnm cjz qum i inoi ê cjvjcjci mo trâs `ioicis, trâs pirtms. Mssi smkulci tmhrji cm inoi pnitólj`i msté sjtuici ch phlth cm vjsti ohrfhnðkj`h2 - i inoi jlstjltjvi, nh`injzici li rmkjàh ch eijxh vmltrm7 msté ml`irrmkici chs ipmtjtms, ch smxh m ci injomltiëàh7 - uoi smkulci inoi, nh`injzici li rmkjàh `ircïi`i7 rmsphlcm pmni  prhtmëàh, pmni smkurilëi, msté issh`jici äs mohëýms2 jri, chr, `hrik `hrikmo, mo, lmssi cjomlsàh ifmtjvi vhnjtjvi7 -  inoi ri`jhlin, iqumni qum cm fith firji i phltm, i njkiëàh `ho i inoi mo sj, i  psjqum7 mstirji njkici ih jltmnm`th. H pipmn cmssi inoi ri`jhlin smrji mxitiomltm `hnh`ir mssms chjs mxtriths jlfmrjhrms she h `hltrhnm ci rizàh. I inoi, phr fizmr pirtm ch oulch jltmnjkïvmn, tioeêo fiz pirtm cis mstruturis ri`jhlijs. I inoi ê sjlóljoi cm rizàh. Mo Tnitàh tmohs mltàh uoi jcêji cm Tsjqum ih omsoh tmoph ri`jhlinjzici, hu smbi, rmcuz-sm ä psjqum ä cjomlsàh ri`jhlin, m uoi psjqum `jlcjci, cjvjcjci mo sj omsoh, mo fulëàh ch `hltith `ho i cjomlsàh smlsïvmn, `ho i cjomlsàh `hrphrin qum li fjnhshfji pnitólj`i rm`mem uoi vinhrjziëàh lmkitjvi, i omlhr. I jcêji ch `hrph `hoh `hrrupëàh, `hoh uoi friëàh iljoin jlstjltjvi, cmvmlch smr lm`mssirjiomltm hebmth cm uo `hltrhnm, uo choïljh. Mltàh li Krê`ji, njcir `ho i Tsjquê jopnj`i njcir, shermtuch `ho uoi cjomlsàh qum làh cmjxi cm smr uoi u oi cjomlsàh cjs`jpnjlir, qum ê i cjomlsàh cmssi inoi tmltilch `hltrhnir i sj omsoi, chojlir i sj omsoi, lh ohomlth mo qum mni sm pmr`mem, mo qum mni tmo uoi `hls`jâl`ji ch `hltith cmni `ho mssi cjomlsàh oitmrjin, mssi cjomlsàh ci `hrrupëàh, mssi cjomlsàh smlsïvmn. Smohs mltàh uo msfhrëh qum làh sð vij oir`ir h pmlsiomlth krmkh, ois vij, cm `mrti fhroi, jl`nusjvm mo fulëàh ch `hltith `ho h `rjstjiljsoh m `ho i tricjëàh bucij`h-`rjstà, qum tioeêo cmsvinhrjzi i cjomlsàh smlsïvmn, i cjomlsàh ch `hrph, sm rmpmtjlch m sm `hlshnjcilch luoi ierilkâl`ji oéxjoi `ho Cms`irtms,

 

li ohcmrljcicm. Smohs cm fith, mltàh, uoi lhëàh cm inoi `hopnmtiomltm cmsvjl`unici, uo  pmlsiomlth ch submjth mo sj omsoh cms`hnich cms`hnich cm quinqumr msfmri supmrjhr. Hs krmkhs tmltio sijr ch `j`nh cm vjci m ohrtm, ois tmltio fizmr jssh itrivês cm uo om`iljsoh cm iestriëàh, `rjilch uoi psjqum `hopnmtiomltm iestriti qum phcmrji mo smu  prðprjh pmlsiomlth njcir `ho vjci m ohrtm. Msti ê uoi mstritêkji mstritêkji phu`h sufj`jmltm phrqum tmlcm i rmprjojr uoi sêrjm cm hutris cjomlsýms ci prðprji psjqum qum fj`io shtmrricis phrqum hs krmkhs làhtrékj`i `hlsmkujrio cm jltmkriëàh jlvês cmfizmr issuojr cjomlsàh `hoh fizmr pirtm mssm cm prh`mssh sui prðprji mxjstâl`ji, pnmli. mnms Ih prmfmrjrio mssisi ajmrirqujziëýms, cm fhroi qum trils`mlcâl`ji pissi i smr trils`mlcmr h oulch, trils`mlcmr iqujnh qum ê. Hs krmkhs `hltio `ho uoi rj`i tricjëàh ajstðrj`i m ojthnðkj`i, smlch h `unth i Cjhlïsjh uo chs oijs cjsputichs. Lmstm ojth tmohs uoi cis prjomjris tmltitjvis cm ml`irlir Tsjqum, cm trizâ-ni ih oulch oitmrjin. Ijlci cmltrh ch oulch ojthnðkj`h phcm-sm cmsti`ir i fjkuri cm Yuïrhl, h `mltiurh prhfmsshr cm Is`nêpjh, h pitrhlh chs `urichrms m h irquêtjph hrjmltichr chs tmripmutis ohcmrlhs.  Li Krê`ji iltjki h prh`mssh cm `uri mri si`mrchtin, hu smbi, `hoilcich phr uo si`mrchtm qum mstivi i smrvjëh cm inkuo tmopnh. Mstm prh`mssh fhj rhopjch `ho h surkjomlth cm Ajpð`ritms, pij ci omcj`jli, qum mstiemnm`mu h jlï`jh ch prh`mssh cm `uri fhri ch `hltmxth rmnjkjhsh. I itjtucm cm Ajpð`ritms ê vjsti `hoh uoi tmltitjvi cm mstiemnm`mr uoi jcêji oijs  prðxjoi ch qum tmohs ahbm `hoh `jmltïfj`h, hu smbi, cmvm smr cjssh`jich ch mspjrjtuin, `hltuch sui itjtucm làh mx`nuïi h `irétmr mspjrjtuin mlvhnvjch lh prh`mssh cm `uri. Thr oijs qum pmsm is `rïtj`is sh`rétj`is `hltri hs shfjstis, sàh jlmkévmjs suis `hltrjeujëýms piri `jr`uls`rmvmr h qum ahbm cmlhojliohs suebmtjvjcicm auoili. Tmsqujsichrms ci ajstðrji ci Tsj`hnhkji, `hoh Oumnnmr, jlcj`io qum ê phu`h prhvévmn qum, iltms cmnms, tmlai aivjch uoi vmrcicmjri `hoprmmlsàh ci rminjcicm suebmtjvi auoili. @UJPSJILJPOH2 TPJY]Ê @U]@JFJ@ICI H `rjstjiljsoh prjojtjvh làh tmo i cjomlsàh cm cuinjcicm. Làh i`aiohs lhs mvilkmnahs, mlsjliomlths hrjkjlijs ch @rjsth, lmlauo tjph cm fri`jhliomlth, pmnh `hltrérjh, vmohs uoi eus`i pmni rm`hophsjëàh ch auoilh mo sui thtinjcicm. Ê `ho Tiunh cm Sirsh qum tmohs, cm fith, i prjomjri krilcm `ru`jfj`iëàh cm Tsjquê, phjs sui nmjturi oiljqumïsti ch `rjstjiljsoh prjojtjvh jltrhcuz uoi krilcm cjvjsàh2 h `hrph pissi i smr fh`h ch pm`ich m invh ch `hltrhnm ci inoi, ch mspïrjth hu ci ri`jhlinjcicm, mlquilth i inoi ê knhrjfj`ici. M ê msti vmrsàh ci tricjëàh `rjstà qum tmohs ahbm. ]oi vmrsàh, cjkiohs, `rjstjiljzici ois tioeêo bé i`unturici pmni vjsàh krmki m qum phstmrjhromltm Uhoi issuojré `hoh jltmrprmtiëàh hfj`jin. I `ru`jfj`iëàh ch @rjsth ê uoi omtéfhri ch qum ê fmjth `ho iqumnms qum iphltio piri uoi vjsàh làh cuin m prhpýmo uoi êtj`i mquåljom. Tsjquê `ru`jfj`ici ê cjvjcjci pmnh phcmrjh rhoilh m pmrcm h ch`m ml`ilth jltmkrin chs pmlsiomlths ch Kinjnmu. Cm Shoés cm Iqujlh i Pilth Ikhstjlah i ajstðrji cm Tsjqum pissi i smr itrmnici ä cjvjsàh, i omcjci qum hs mlsjliomlths hrjkjlijs ch @rjsth pissio `ici vmz oijs i smrvjr i jcmhnhkji `itðnj`i ch emo m ch oin. I vhz jltmkrin cm Tsjqum ê rmml`hltrici mo Tnhtjlh itrivês cm smus ms`rjths, m, li ohcmrljcicm fhj rmskitici mo sui hrjkjlinjcicm lhs tmxths mspïrjtis cm Gircm` (9:1=).

 

I CMOHLHNHKJI CI JCICM OÊCJI I Jcicm Oêcji ê oir`ici phr uo ohvjomlth cm rm`uh ajstðrj`h7 ih jlvês cis krilcms mxpilsýms, vhnti-sm piri h `ioph, `rjio-sm ourinais m fmuchs li tmltitjvi cm njcir `ho hs  prhenmois m i vjhnâl`ji cmvistichri `iusichs pmnis jlvisýms eéreiris lh fjo ch jopêrjh Uhoilh. Làh sm `hlsmkujlch cmtmr is jlvisýms, i vjhnâl`ji iuomlti mo lïvmjs fhri ch `houo, mltàh iHintmrlitjvi ä vjhnâl`ji fhj i rm`nusàh. `ithnj`jsoh tmo uo krilcm pmsh lmssm prh`mssh cm rm`nusàh, mxitiomltm phr fivhrm`mr uo cjs`ursh cm cm`icâl`ji, cm fjo ch oulch, cm `hrrupëàh auoili pmnis fhrëis cmohlïi`is mo qum i òlj`i phssjejnjcicm cm siïci ê h jshniomlth, h cjstil`jiomlth ch oulch. Tiri in`ilëir i sinviëàh Tsjquê prm`jsi sm cjstil`jir ch oulch. H pmlsiomlth h`jcmltin, shermtuch lh jlï`jh ch sê`unh QQ, `rjtj`ivi h Hrjmltm ih cjzmr qum mnm tjlai uoi vjsàh pissjvi ci prmsmlëi ch ahomo lh oulch, mo fulëàh ch jcmin is`êtj`h  ‐   i jcêji cm is`mtjsoh `hoh rm`nusàh ch oulch. Lh mltilth, phcmohs vmr qum h H`jcmltm tioeêo tmo jssh cm fhroi emo oir`ici. H pmrïhch omcjmvin ê thch jssh  ‐  mssi   mssi tmltitjvi cm fukjr ch oulch, `hoh sm vh`â ih sm ifistir cmssm mspiëh oulcilh, h mspïrjth pucmssm mltàh  pnmljfj`ir-sm, mxmr`mr-sm `ho thcis is suis phtâl`jis. Mltàh, mo tmrohs cm T Tsjquê sjquê h qum viohs tmr, tinvmz, smbi uoi cjfj`uncicm cmssi psjqum mo njcir `ho mssis qumstýms jltrioulcilis, mssi cjfj`uncicm cm `hlsmkujr uoi rmniëàh airoólj`i `ho h oulch. I omtéfhri qum omnahr cmfjlm Tsjquê li Jcicm Oêcji ê i cm uoi `rjichri cm ourinais. Mni `rji ourinais mo vhnti cm sj piri sm prhtmkmr chs itiqums ch oulch, ch cmoóljh. ]oi  psjqum qum fiz uo msfhrëh joprmssjhliltm, qumr cjzmr, cjrm`jhli thcis is suis mlmrkjis piri uo  prh`mssh cm jltmrjhrjziëàh, ois qum làh ê cm airohljziëàh, phrêo uo prh`mssh cm jltmrjhrjziëàh piri fukjr, hu smbi, rm`hrrmr ä trils`mlcâl`ji `hoh fuki. Lmki-sm thci i cjomlsàh `hrphrin m sm trieinai sherm i inoi, ois li pmrspm`tjvi cmni ms`ipir ch oulch qum i pmrsmkum. Hu smbi, aé uoi `rjiëàh cm frhltmjris, cm eirrmjris. I Jkrmbi tmo uo pmsh lh `hltrhnm ci prhcuëàh ch `hlam`jomlth, m i Jcicm Oêcji ê thci oir`ici phr mstm prjvjnêkjh li `hlstruëàh m kuirci ch siemr, mx`nujlch is phssjejnjcicms cm `rïtj`is hu cm lhvis mniehriëýms. Li vmrcicm, i pirtjr ci jcêji `rjstà cm rmvmniëàh, cm qum tuch qum cmvmrji smr `hlam`jch bé msté cjth li Eïenji, h njvrh `mltrin, làh `iem oijs sm cmtmr lmssm  prh`mssh cm mspm`uniëàh. Ê tioeêo uuoi oi cjfmrml`jiëàh mo rmniëàh ä `unturi krmki. Tmrcm-sm h ohvjomlth mspm`unitjvh2 i fjnhshfji thrli-sm, lmssm pmrïhch, smrvi ci tmhnhkji  ‐  h   h fjnðshfh làh tmo oijs iuthlhoji piri prhcuzjr uo pmlsiomlth, hu smbi, is rmfnmxýms fjnhsðfj`is prm`jsio mstir il`hricis luo lhrtm bé rmvmnich ‐  rmvmnich ‐   mssi mssi ê qum ê i vmrcicm prjohrcjin. Mltàh, rhopm-sm `ho h ohvjomlth mspm`unitjvh ci ri`jhlinjcicm, ois, ih omsoh tmoph, jssh làh cmsml`icmji lmlauo prh`mssh cm jltmkrinjcicm phrqum h qum vij smr fmjth mo tmrohs cm psjqum ê mssi rm`nusàh m uoi tmltitjvi cm pirici hu cm sjopnmsomltm ichtir uoi cjomlsàh ci vmrcicm bé rmvmnici. Mltrmtilth, i i`mjtiëàh cm uoi vjsàh `hoh vmrcicm òlj`i `hlstjtuj-sm mo uoi lmkiëàh ch qum smrji h jopunsh cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth liturin auoilh quilch i `hlsjkli triz qum „mu prm`jsh ms`ipir, om prhtmkmr cmssi cjomlsàh oulcili‟. Mltàh, tmohs oujth oijs i Jkrmbi `hoh uoi jlstjtujëàh qum `hltrhni m qum cmsvji hs siemrms qum `jr`unio li sh`jmcicm piri h emo hu piri h oin. Fhj mssi fulëàh qum pmrojtju i  prmsmrviëàh ih nhlkh cmssm pmrïhch cm `hlfnjths m tureunâl`jis lh `hltjlmltm murhpmu cm uo `hlbulth cm `hlam`jomlths qum cm hutri fhroi i mnm làh tmrïiohs i`mssh, phrqum i irjsth`ri`ji omcjmvin làh tjlai lmlauoi njkiëàh `ho mssi cjomlsàh ch siemr. Cm `mrti fhroi, mnms

 

rmthrlio i uoi `hl`mpëàh irjsth`rétj`i iltjki hlcm i vjrtucm msté eismici li jcêji cm fhrëi, li jcêji cm shermpubir h hutrh fjsj`iomltm itrivês cm vjhnâl`ji m cm phcmr. Li irjsth`ri`ji omcjmvin mri h @nmrh li vmrcicm qumo fizji mssi jltmromcjiëàh, cm siemr, cm `hlam`jomlth,  piri i irjsth`ri`ji. H siemr làh tjlai tjlai oujth pmsh. I Jcicm Oêcji `ho h smu „Oinnmus Oinmfj`irmo‟, oiluin prétj`h cm `iëi äs eruxis,  puenj`ich mo 9313, ilul`ji uoi lhvi hrcmo lh mltmlcjomlth chs fmlóomlhs cm „`hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i‟ hu piri trilspmsshin7 i cmohlhnhkji pissi i prmvinm`mr, oiljfmstiëàh inêo ch mltmlcjomlth lhroin i uoi heri ch oin.rmcuzjlch thci m quinqumr Pm li ituinjcicm hs fmlóomlhs trilspmsshijs ijlci sàh vjsths `ho rmsmrvis hu `itinhkichs `hoh pithnðkj`hs, li Jcicm Oêcji, thch fmlóomlh cm mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji `hl s`jâl`ji piri hs lïvmjs inêo ch usuin mri jomcjitiomltm itrjeuïch ih cmoóljh m submjth ih tritiomlth ricj`in ci Jlqujsjëàh2 i fhkumjri. Jltmrmssiltm pmr`memr qum is oiljfmstiëýms jlqujsjthrjijs ijlci fizmo pirtm ch lhssh joikjlérjh irqumtïpj`h m sàh oujtis vmzms rmituinjzicis lh prmsmltm, làh jophrtilch is ri`jhlinjziëýms utjnjzicis `hoh bustjfj`itjvis piri tijs iths. Jsth phcm smr pmr`mejch lh ohvjomlth cmsml`icmich pmnh @hlsmnah Fmcmrin cm Tsj`hnhkji, li tmltitjvi cm ms`nirm`mr i sh`jmcicm i`mr`i cis „tmripjis intmrlitjvis‟, m qum pisshu i sm `aioir jlfhroinomltm, jlfhroinomltm , lh omjh  psj`hnðkj`h, cm ‑i `iëi äs eruxis‚ hu ‑i `iëi äs tmripjis intmrlitjvis‚ , h qum prhvh`hu uoi ivinil`am cm `rïtj`is. Lh msfhrëh cm rmvmrtmr tin phsturi tmohs is pinivris cm Aills, N. I. (5443) li rmvjsti Tsj`hnhkji2 @jâl`ji m prhfjssàh, `hoh sm smkum2 „Li rminjcicm, ê prm`jsh qum trieinamohs smo prm`hl`mjths, ois `ho  smrjmcicm. Lmssm smltjch, sm ahuvmr uoi uo i cmoir`iëàh `hrrmti ch qu qumm uoi psj`htmripji `in`ici luoi fhroiëàh mo psj`hnhkji `nïlj`i m mo hutris érmis ifjls, cjfmrml`jilch  sui mpjstmohnhkji cmssis prétj`is intmrlitjvis, pmlsh qum ê sufj`jmltm. Làh ê h `ish cm  fizmrohs uoi `iëi äs eruxis...‟ eruxis...‟ (krjfh lhssh, p.95) H P]UKJOMLSH CI @JÂL@JI OHCMULI2 SUILPTMPPHIN H] TPJY]Ê „H@]NSJPSI‟  „H@]NSJPSI‟  

LIP

FUHLSMJUIP

CH

H prjomjrh oir`h ch Jnuojljsoh h`hrrmu li Krê`ji, lh sê`unh V, `ho h surkjomlth ci fjnhshfji m ch pmlsir i prðprji Tsjquê, bé h smkulch cmu-sm `ho h icvmlth ci `jâl`ji ohcmrli. @ho i @jâl`ji Ohcmrli `amki mltàh i phssjejnjcicm cm rmthoir iqumnm prh`mssh cm mspm`uniëàh, cm rmfnmxàh, qum aivji sjch cmsml`icmich iltmrjhromltm li Krê`ji iltjki. Yuilch i `jâl`ji sm iuthlhojzi pmrojtm pmlsir lhviomltm mssi cjomlsàh ci inoi, ois ikhri `ho uoi `iri`tmrïstj`i emo oir`ici. Issjo `hoh i fjnhshfji fhj uo ohvjomlth cm eus`i cm iuthlhoji mo rmniëàh ih ojth, viohs tmr mltàh i `jâl`ji surkjlch `hoh uoi tmltitjvi cm pmlsir i inoi jlcmpmlcmltm cm hutris msfmris `hoh i rmnjkjàh m i prðprji fjnhshfji. I `jâl`ji vij ml`irlir cm fhroi mxmopnir iqujnh qum li Krê`ji bé mstivi phsth `hoh ri`jhlinjcicm mstritêkj`i. Hu smbi, h pitioir `jmltïfj`h surkm mxitiomltm `hoh uo tjph cm siemr qum sm omcm pmni sui mfj`é`ji, pmni `ipi`jcicm cm jlstruomltinjzir h hebmth qum msté smlch invh cm jlvmstjkiëàh, fh`h cm pmsqujsi. H hnair `jmltïfj`h ê mxitiomltm mssm hnair rmcutjvh, mssi ri`jhlinjcicm ri`jhli njcicm `in`unichri qum vij „pmkir‟ h hebmth, th`ir mssm hebmth mo cjstjlëàh ih submjth qum pmsqujsi.  Li ohcmrljcicm, làh ipmlis i suebmtjvjcicm msté `jlcjci, ois ê h prðprjh submjth ch `hlam`jomlth qum tioeêo ê `jlcjch cm ohch qum vij hnair piri i inoi, i inoi mlquilth

 

hebmth cm jlvmstjkiëàh, cmltrh cm suis vérjis `ioicis m cjomlsýms. Issjo, phcmohs pnurinjzir mssi frikomltiëàh ch pmlsiomlth ih jlfjljth.  Li mstmjri cmssm mltmlcjomlth, `ici ispm`th ci Tsjquê, `ici ispm`th ci inoi auoili,  pmrojtm pmlsir uoi `jâl`ji pirtj`unir hesmrvilch ipmlis iqumni cjomlsàh, iqumni `ioici, h qum jophssjejnjti mo ieshnuth quinqumr tmltitjvi cm jltmkrinjcicm. Issjo, pmlsir i psjqum cm fhroi jltmkrin vij smr `hlsjcmrici `hoh uoi iestriëàh, `hoh uo msfhrëh omtifïsj`h, cjstiltm m cjssh`jich. I `hls`jâl`ji ohcmrli (i `hls`jâl`ji ci tmophrinjcicm, ci fjljtucm, hu smbi, i cjomlsàh trékj`i cm vjci m ohrtm) vij thrlir-sm uo mspiëh cm `hls`jmltjziëàh ci jl`ipi`jcicm ci rizàh cm njcir `ho mssi fjljtucm. Mqujvinm cjzmr qum quinqumr tmltitjvi cm pmlsir i jltmkrinjcicm vij smr tjci `hoh iesurci. H pmrfjn cm ohcmrljcicm jopým uoi `hls`jâl`ji trékj`i ch tmoph, smo tmr `hoh njcir `ho i cjomlsàh ci ohrtm. Icojtm-sm i cjomlsàh ci fjljtucm, i cjomlsàh ci ajstðrji, ois ih omsoh tmoph sm tmo uoi phsturi cm cmsjnusàh, cm cmsml`iltiomlth cm quinqumr  phssjejnjcicm cm sm ml`hltrir uoi airohlji, uoi uljcicm cmltrh cmssi fjljtucm. @hoh làh aé  phssjejnjcicm cm supmrir i fjljtucm, i òlj`i `hjsi i fizmr li ohcmrljcicm (utjnjzilch i omtéfhri) ê mltrir cm `iemëi li rhci ci vjci2 omrkunair m issuojr (mlquilth li Jcicm Oêcji, sm fizji uo msfhrëh `hltrérjh piri sm njvrir, lh smltjch cm sm prhtmkmr ch oulch). H qum ê Tsjquê li Ohcmrljcicm8 ]o `hlbulth cm `hlam`jomlths `ici vmz oijs iopnhs, vjci‟;. Tissiohs „i ois uo `hlbulth cm `hlam`jomlths `hlam `jomlths sherm h qum msté phsth li „rhci „ rhci ci vjci‟ siemr‟ `ici vmz oijs sherm h qum sm pissi iquj, sherm hs prhenmois, is pithnhkjis ch oulch ‐  i  i Tsj`hnhkji tritilch cis pithnhkjis ci inoi, i sh`jhnhkji `ho is pithnhkjis ci sh`jmcicm, i  ejhnhkji `ho is pithnhkjis ch `hrph mt`.Shch oulch pissi i mstucir h pi`htm, hs prhenmois, is cjfj`uncicms ch oulch, ci rhci ci vjci. @ici `jâl`ji prhcuz hs `hlam`jomlths sherm hs  prhenmois qum sàh kmrichs li cjomlsàh ch ituin, ch prmsmltm, ois lmlauoi cmnis icojtm  prhphr lici mo tmrohs cm trils`mlcâl`ji, phrqum mnis làh `hlsmkumo vjsnuoerir mssi  phssjejnjcicm. KINJNM] M H JLÏ@JH CI JLPSU]OMLSINJRIËÀH CM TPJY]Ê I `hltrjeujëàh cm Kinjnmu ‐  Kinjnmu  ‐   hh tmnms`ðpjh, `hoh jlstruomlth, rm`hlfjkuri h prh`mssh qum trilsfhroi h `hlam`jomlth. H `hlam`jomlth làh cmpmlcm oijs ipmlis ci pmrkulti, ci mspm`uniëàh mo sj, ois ch `hoh, ch omjh, mltàh h omjh pissi i smr fulciomltin lh rmsuntich. H jlstruomlth tmo uo pipmn joprmssjhliltm ljssh7 vij cir njemrcicm piri i `jâl`ji sm iuthlhojzir ch pmlsiomlth rmnjkjhsh qum mni làh `hlsmkum mxprmssir (h jlstruomlth mxtmrjhr qum làh msté njkich i uoi suebmtjvjcicm). Issjo, h `hl`mjth cm jlstruomlth, cm tm`lhnhkji h`jcmltin ê uo `hl`mjth mxtmrjhrjzich. H h`jcmltin làh `hlsmkum pmr`memr i jcêji cm tm`lhnhkji jltmrjhr, `hoh h`hrrm lh Hrjmltm. Ê prm`jsh hebmtjvir, mltàh h jlstruomlth hebmtjvi, m, ih hebmtjvir, mnm pmrojtm qum làh sm `iji lis iroicjnais cm uoi suebmtjvjcicm mlkilici, phrqum i phssjejnjcicm cm mrrhs msté  phsti lh prðprjh mspïrjth auoilh. I Tsjquê ml`irlici fj`i submjti i msti cjomlsàh smlsïvmn, qum ê i cjomlsàh ci jopmroilâl`ji, ci oucilëi. @hoh tuch ouci, hs smltjchs, hs rmkjstrhs ci oucilëi làh `hlsmkumo `iptir is virjiltms, `iptio ipmlis iqujnh qum msté pissilch liqumnm ohomlth. ;

 Uhci ci vjci ê usici iquj piri jlcj`ir jcêjis jnusðrjis, ipirmltms.

 

  CMP@IUSMP M I JLPSU]OMLSINJRIËÀH CM TPJY]Ê Umlê Cms`irtms mltri `hoh h pij, h fulcichr cm uoi lhvi fhroi cm pmr`memr Tsjquê,  phrqum vij i pirtjr ci vjsàh cm jlstruomltinjziëàh cms`hnir i jcêji cm suebmtjvjcicm ch `hrph. Mnm triti h `hrph `hoh nmj, `hoh jlstruomlth (Tnitàh m h `rjstjiljsoh tioeêo). H `hrph pissi i smr jlstruomlth cm oiljfmstiëàh ci suebmtjvjcicm, oiljfmstiëàh ci inoi. Tmlsilch Ois `hohi jlstruomlth cm oiljfmstiëà oiljfmstiëàh h mnm prm`jsi smr hebmtjvich. @ @hoh hoh sm hebmtjvi8 ri`jhlinjcicm, i suebmtjvjcicm mo sj omsoi, smo lmlauoi lmlau oi rmfmrâl`ji ä jltmkrinjcicm. Cms`irtms, cm fith, vij smpirir i ri`jhlinjcicm qum pmlsi, qum ri`jh`jli, cmssi ri`jhlinjcicm ml`irlici. Vij `homëir i pmlsir h submjth i pirtjr ch prðprjh submjth (mssm ê h ohvjomlth ci ohcmrljcicm  ‐   cm cm Cms`irtms, cm Ei`hl, cm Lmwthl)7 pmlsir uo submjth `hopnmtiomltm iestriïch cm quinqumr tjph cm vïl`unh. Mlquilth lh Hrjmltm tmohs i jcêji ci jltmrcmpmlcâl`ji, lh `ish ci ohcmrljcicm, `ho Cms`irtms tmohs i jcêji ch submjth `hopnmtiomltm jlcmpmlcmltm, hu smbi, cm uo mkh qum pmlsi h oulch, qum pmlsi i sj omsoh smo lmlauo tjph cm vjl`uniëàh qum làh smbi phr smus prðprjhs om`iljsohs suebmtjvhs ‐  suebmtjvhs  ‐  qum  qum ê i fjnhshfji ch submjth. Tissi-sm i pmlsir h smr, i pirtjr ch prðprjh smr, smo lmlauoi vjl`uniëàh. Vij-sm prhcuzjr thci uoi fjnhshfji, i fjnhshfji ch mkh, cmssm mkh cms`irlich, ch mkh qum làh msté `hrphrjzich (phrqum quilch sm `hrphrjfj`i mnm bé fj`i submjth ih mu). M jssh tuch vij `unojlir `ho Gilt, qum ih mstucir is mstruturis trils`mlcmltijs ci suebmtjvjcicm auoili pmrojtm ih submjth `hlam`mr piri inêo chs `hlcj`jhliomlths phsths pmnh oulch. Iï Gilt vij smr h `nïoix ci ohcmrljcicm mo tmrohs fjnhsðfj`hs phrqum mnm vij smpirir hs tjphs cm `jâl`jis m is fhrois cm vinjcir mssis `jâl`jis. Is `jâl`jis mopïrj`is  ‐  is   is qum utjnjzio, `hoh fmz Kinjnmu, jlstruomlths hebmtjvhs piri omcjr m quiltjfj`ir i rminjcicm, sàh vinjcicis phrqum aé `hoh sm fizmr ifmrjëýms. Is `jâl`jis qum njcio `ho i suebmtjvjcicm li sui jltmjrmzi mxjstmo, cjz Gilt, ois mnis làh tâo vinjcicm,  phrqum làh tâo jlstruomlth `ipiz cm fizmr ifmrjëýms. Hu smbi, uoi omltinjcicm ohcmrli mo rmniëàh i quinqumr prhphsti ahnïstj`i, jltmkrin, quinqumr prhphsti trils`mlcmltm. Hs ohcmrlhs làh lmkio, „phcm aivmr‟, ois ih omsoh tmoph làh sm pmrojtmo iprhfulcir pmni iusâl`ji iusâl` ji cm vinjcicm phr smr uo `hlam`jomlth icvjlch ch prðprjh submjth. Tiri h H`jcmltm làh tmrïiohs uoi tm`lhnhkji `ipiz cm ifmrjr h qum sm pissi cmltrh ci mstruturi suebmtjvi. Shoilch `hoh mxmopnh hs mstichs intmrichs ci `hls`jâl`ji m sherm i prðprji `hls`jâl`ji, tmohs uoi sêrjm cm pmsqujsis `jmltïfj`is qum icojtmo i `hoprmmlsàh m i cj cjomlsàh omlsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji, ois làh sm tmo uo jlstruomltin piri ivmrjkuir7 h jlstruomltin ê h prðprjh submjth ivinjilch sui mxpmrjâl`ji. Làh aé uo jlstruomlth mxtmrlh lmutrh, uo hesmrvichr jopir`jin, nhkh, phcm-sm icojtjr i mxjstâl`ji cmssm tjph cm fmlóomlh, ois làh sm tmo `hoh vinjcé-nh. Issjo, li msfmri h`jcmltin, `hlsjcmri-sm `hlsjcmri- sm uoi `hls`jâl`ji „pmsici‟, phrqum làh sm lmki mssi cjomlsàh, ois ih omsoh tmoph làh sm nam pmrojtm vinjcicm. Mxtrij-sm quinqumr  phssjejnjcicm cm ivilëh lmsti jlvmstjkiëàh ci inoi auoili lh qum `hl`mrlm i sui jltmkrinjcicm. Issjo, rmcuz-sm i inoi i uoi cm suis cjomlsýms, uoi cm suis cjomlsýms mopïrj`is, phrqum sm làh phcmohs fizmr jlvmstjkiëàh ci inoi ch phlth cm vjsti mxpmrjml`jin, tmo-sm i pmrci cm sui vinjcicm piri i `jâl`ji ohcmrli. Itê phrqum Cms`irtms m hutrhs vàh ilinjsir mssi mstruturi ci suebmtjvjcicm cms`hnici ch iuthlhojsoh. Ä mstruturi suebmtjvi, iuthlhojzici, sð h prðprjh submjth tmo i`mssh. Ciï h furhr

 

qum thci psj`ilénjsm vmo i prhvh`ir. Frmuc vij ohstrir `hoh mssi prðprji mstruturi suebmtjvi, omsoh iuthlhojzici, làh ê rmkjci phr rmkris nðkj`is ri`jhlijs, aé hutris fulëýms jltmrfmrjlch. Jssh prhvh`i uo frmlmsj phrqum, i prjhrj, prjhrj, quilch Cms`irtms pmlsi h submjth, mnm msté pmlsilch uo submjth `hopnmtiomltm nðkj`h, uoi mstruturi nðkj`i iuthrmfmrmltm qum làh fiz vjl`uniëàh `ho lici i làh smr mni omsoi7 lmo `ho i cjomlsàh `hrphrin, lmo `ho i cjomlsàh `unturin, lmo `ho i cjomlsàh rmnjkjhsi. Ê i nðkj`i mo sj. Tsjquê `hoh uo ci nðkj`i. Li smqþâl`ji,`hoh pmr`memohs `ho Ljmtzs`am `ho Frmuc qumê vjsth mssm submjth ci submjth nðkj`i làh ê tàh iuthrmfmrmltm Cms`irtms cjzji, jssh vijm  prhvh`ir h cmsnh`iomlth m i prðprji `rjsm ci ohcmrljcicm. @hltuch, mstm ohvjomlth cm `rïtj`i làh ê sufj`jmltm piri cmsnh`ir phrqum, `hoh li Krê`ji, hs `hlfnjths sàh tàh krilcms (fjlin ch sê`unh QJQ, jlï`jh ch sê`unh QQ), sàh tilths hs prhenmois hebmtjvhs piri smrmo rmshnvjchs qum is `jâl`jis sm cjrm`jhlio li eus`i cm shnuëàh piri mssis pithnhkjis. Mnis fj`io `mkis ä `hoprmmlsàh cm qum mssis pithnhkjis phcmo mstir rmfnmtjlch mxitiomltm i cjssh`jiëàh. Tmr`mem-sm qum li vjsàh h`jcmltin làh aé h qum sm phssi jcmltjfj`ir `hoh uoi rmfnmxàh cm eism, h`hrrmlch, mltrmtilth, h hphsth lh Hrjmltm qum tmo hs omsohs prhenmois sh`jijs,  phnïtj`hs, `unturijs li sh`jmcicm, ois, ih jlvês cm cjrm`jhlir thcis is mlmrkjis piri is  prhenmoétj`is, tmlti vmr h qum ê qum suebiz ih prhenmoi, ihlcm ê qum msté i eism fh`in h qum  pmrojtm ml`hltrir h `iojlah ci issh`jiëàh issh`jiëàh hu cm rmissh`jiëàh. H H`jcmltm làh `hlsmkum thrlir mssm ohvjomlth mxpnï`jth, mnm fj`i smoprm suetmlcjch, oirkjlinjzich. Pm fhrohs vmr is nmjturis qum sm fizji ch eucjsoh lh jlï`jh ch sê`unh QQ, `hopirilch `ho i `rïtj`i ci ohcmrljcicm ahbm, `rjtj`ivi-sm h eucjsoh phr mstjounir h ifistiomlth ch oulch, - li vmrcicm qumo tmo mssi vjsàh oujth oijs jcminjsti cm ifistiomlth, cm lmkiëàh, shohs lðs. Lðs h`jcmltijs, ê qum làh `hlsmkujohs cm fith omrkunair m rm`hophr h qum ê qum lhs jl`hohci, h qum ê qum lhs ifnjkm. Sinvmz h Hrjmltm làh tmlai is rmsphstis ijlci `hoh lðs làh tmohs, ois lðs vmohs lh Hrjmltm uo msfhrëh piri `amkir luo hutrh lïvmn cm `hoprmmlsàh chs  prhenmois. Lh H`jcmltm làh `hlsmkujohs `hlsmkujohs `amkir lmstm pitioir. I qumstàh ê rmshnvmr h  prhenmoi tin `hoh mnm momrkm, ois lul`i rm`hophlch is eisms ci prhenmoétj`i. TPJY]Ê E]P@I MPTIËH LI @JÂL@JI HFJ@JIN @huem, lh mltilth, i Fril`js Ei`hl, lh sê`unh QVJJ, i prjomjri oiljfmstiëàh ci `jâl`ji hfj`jin sherm inkuls chs fmlóomlhs rmfmrmltms ä intmriëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji. Ei`hl, tioeêo `hlsjcmrich `hoh Kinjnmu m Cms`irtms fulcichrms ci @jâl`ji, sukmrm qum „supmrstjëýms m smomnailtms‟ làh cmvmrjio smr mx`nuïcis ci pmsqujsi `jmltïfj`i, prhphlch lh tmxth „Pynvi Pynviruo‟ i jlvmstjkiëàh chs shlahs tmnmpétj`hs, ci `uri  `uri   psïquj`i m ci jlfnuâl`ji ci „joikjliëàh‟ lh rmsuntich cm bhkhs `ho nilëiomlth cm cichs.  cichs.   Jlvmstjkilch is frhltmjris ch sikrich F.[.A. Oymrs (9:69) puenj`hu chjs vhnuoms jltjtunichs „Auoili Tmrshlinjty ilc tam Purvjvin hf Ehcjny Cmita‟, jl`mltjvilch, li sui su i êph`i, uoi sêrjm cm jlvmstjkiëýms `jmltïfj`is. Fizmlch frhltmjri `ho is pmsqujsis qum ierilkmo mstichs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, jlj`jhu-sm jlj`jhusm mo 9115, mo Nhlcrms, i „Ph`jmty fhr Tsy`aj`in Umsmir`a‟ (PTU), li quin Frmuc (9:95 m 9:60) puenj`hu chjs irtjkhs, m mo 911= i „Iomrj`il Ph`jmty fhr Tsy`aj`in Umsmir`a‟, mo Ehsthl.

 

  Mojlmltms `jmltjstis cjrjkjrio mstis jlstjtujëýms, smlch cmstiqums2 [jnnjio @rhhgs (9105-9:9:), fïsj`h m quïoj`h, cms`herjchr ch mnmomlth ténjh7 Amlrj Emrkshl (91=:-9:39), mojlmltm fjnðshfh `hltmophrålmh, Trâojh Lhemn cm Njtmrituri cm 9:517 [jnnjio O`Chukinn (91;9 - 9:01), psj`ðnhkh, Fmnnhw ci ]ljvmrsjcicm cm @ioerjckm m su`msshr cm [jnnjio Bioms, mo Aivirc7 @airnms Uj`amt (91=4 - 9:0=), Trâojh Lhemn cm Fjsjhnhkji cm 9:90, pmnh smu trieinah sherm `ahqum ilifjnétj`h, ois uo chs oijhrms cmstiqums lmstm mojlmltm kruph fhj h  psj`ðnhkh (9:69)2 m fjnðshfh cm Airvirc, [jnnjio Bioms, `ubis jcêjis fhrio issjo cmsti`icis phr Oymrs „Yuinqumr uo qum iprmsmltm uoi siucévmn chsm cm eho smlsh ih mxiojlir   mvjcâl`jis, uo eho smlsh qum làh tmlai shfrjch uoi nivikmo `mrmerin mo cm`hrrâl`ji ch sm`tirjsoh `jmltïfj`h, cmvmrji ikhri, ih qum om pirm`m, ml`irir qum is smlsjejnjcicms m omoðrjis mxinticis, filtisois vmrïcj`hs, `isis oinisshoericis, trilsms mlvhnvmlch fi`uncicms suprilhroijs m omsoh mxpmrjâl`jis mlvhnvmlch trilsfmrâl`ji cm pmlsiomlth, làh pissio cm uo tjph liturin cm  fmlóomlh qum cmvmrji, `hoh quinqumr hutrh hut rh tjph cm fmlóomlh liturin, smr hebmth ci `urjhsjcicm `jmltïfj`i‟.(p.50)  `jmltïfj`i‟.(p.50)  @hltjluilch h cmsfjnm ih nhlkh ci ajstðrji, mo eus`i cm jlcï`jhs cm prm`urshrms ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, làh phcmrïiohs cmjxir cm `jtir h iustrïi`h, chuthrich mo omcj`jli  pmni ]ljvmrsjcicm cm Vjmli, Frilz Ilthl Omsomr. @rjichr ci tmhrji ch oiklmtjsoh iljoin, mnm thrlhu-sm ohtjvh cm knðrji m mxprðejh lh omjh `jmltjfj`h vjmlmlsm, ih ifjroir qum smu eiqumt    prhcuzji h rmmqujnïerjh ch „fnujch uljvmrsin‟ uljvmrsin‟ lhs hrkiljsohs auoilh m iljoin. Uh`ai (9::0) cms`rmvm issjo sui prétj`i2 „Luoi sini fm`aici m sjnml`jhsi, eilaici mo nuz fjntrici fj ntrici m suivm, `hnh`ivi-sm uo krilcm thlmn cm oicmjri cm `mcrh, `ho iprhxjoiciomltm chjs omtrhs cm cjåomtrh m omjh omtrh cm inturi... Lh fulch ch thlmn `amjh cm ékui, kirrifis rmphusivio sherm uoi ojsturi cm vjcrh pjsich m cm njoinais cm fmrrh. Tmnhs hrjfï`jhs ci `hemrturi ch thlmn siïio aistms cm fmrrh, cis quijs uoi cis mxtrmojcicms omrkunaivi lh nïqujch, m hutri oðvmn m ifjnici, ipnj`ivi-sm ihs `hrphs chs chmltms. Hs pi`jmltms, smltichs mo thrlh ch thlmn, mrio njkichs mltrm sj  phr uoi `hrci. Ois i iëàh sð sm thrli oiklêtj`i quilch Omsomr, mo pmsshi, mltrivi lh kruph. ...Mltàh, i`hltm`ji i prétj`i ci „krilcm `hrrmltm‟2 i `hrrmltm ch oiklmtjzichr, ml`hltrilch-sm `ho i `hrrmltm qum siïi ci `uei, prhvh`ivi, lh `hrph chs qum fhroivio i `icmji, uoi vmrcicmjrh rmcmohjlah. Hnahs irrmkinichs,  pms`hëhs mrkujchs, is `iemëis pmlcjio m h pòenj`h shermssintich rji, `ahrivi,  krjtivi, mltrivi mo trilsm m smltji chrms sm`rmtis...‟ sm`rmtis...‟ (pp. 9;; -9;1) -9;1)  Lis pmkicis cm Omsomr, smkuju h oirquâs @aistmlmt cm Tuysêkur qum i pirtjr ch `aioich shlioeunjsoh oiklêtj`h, injich i uoi rmniëàh vmrein `ho h pi`jmltm, ierju oirkmo  piri is pmsqujsis qum cmsmoeh`irio lhs mstuchs mstuchs ch ajplhtjsoh. @hltjluilch msti siki, h ajplhtjsoh kilai oijhr sjstmoitjziëàh, jl`nusjvm rm`mem mstm lhom ch `jrurkjàh ms`h`âs Bioms Erijc. Mstm iuthr `hlsmkum pmlmtrir lhs omilcrhs ci ajplhsm,

 

cmsti`ilch `hoh suis pirtj`unirjcicms mspm`ïfj`is2 ajpmrolêsji, ajpmrmohtjvjcicm m fmlóomlh cm rmkrmssàh jlcuzjci i jcicms pissicis. H LIP@JOMLSH CI TPJ@HNHKJI @JMLSÏFJ@I H] I SMLSISJVI CM OISIU TPJY]Ê njvrhs qum tritioituin, ci ajstðrji psj`hnhkji phcm-sm `hlstitir, cm fhri i`hrch `ho hsIlinjsilch-sm ohcmnhs chojliltms cm `jâl`ji qum hs ci fmlóomlhs vjsths itê mltàh mstivio cm uo mlfhqum `jmltïfj`h, phcmlch iprhxjoir-sm oijs cis mspm`uniëýms fjnhsðfj`is hu oïstj`hrmnjkjhsis. M ê `ho prmtmlsýms cm rhopmr `ho i jltmrprmtiëàh fjnhsðfj`i, emo `hoh `ho  phssïvmjs vjl`uniëýms oïstj`is, qum h sê`unh QQ jrrhopm `ho i prhphsti cm uoi psj`hnhkji `jmltïfj`i. Issjo, li Inmoilai ci vjrici ch sê`unh, hs fjsjhnhkjstis Amnoahntz, Ehjs-Umyohlc, Eru`gm m Nucwjlk tmltio rmcuzjr quinqumr fmlóomlh psïquj`h i mxpnj`iëýms fïsj`h-quïoj`is, cjspmlsilch thch rm`ursh omti`jmltïfj`h. Iphjici li fjnhshfji, lh „h`untjsoh‟ m li ajplhsm, Tsjquê nuti piri  piri   shermvjvmr i mstm itiqum, ois `ho h icvmlth ci psj`hnhkji `jmltïfj`i, mni tmo sui ohrtm cm`rmtici m mo uoi oilaà cm 91;:, lis oàhs cm [jnamno [ulct, lh niehritðrjh cm Nmjpzjk, smu cmstjlh fhj triëich2 piri thrlir-sm thrlir-sm „`jmltïfj`i‟ tmrji qum ieilchlir smu vïl`unh vï l`unh `ho i fjnhshfji, rmlmkir quinqumr niëh `ho h „h`unth‟ m iecj`ir cm thchs hs oêthchs ajplðtj`hs.  ajplðtj`hs.   H pirichxh cmstm ohomlth phcm smr vjsth itrivês ci jlsjstâl`ji cm Tsjquê mo  pmroilm`mr vjvi, omsoh qum smbi li vjci prjvici chs smus cmtrithrms, m ê issjo qum uo chs injichs `mltrijs cm [ulct, h Cr. Kustiv Fm`almr, mlquilth pmsqujsivi sherm omcjcis  psj`hfjsjhnðkj`is ch tjph mstïounh-rmsphsti, cilch shnjcmz ä jcêji ci ohrtm cm Tsjquê lhs  eistjchrms, vjibi piri h oulch chs ohrths, ms`rmvmlch sherm i shermvjvâl`ji ci inoi ipðs i ohrtm ch `hrph1. H UMLIP@JOMLSH CM TPJY]Ê ISUIVÊP CHP KUILCMP OMPSUMP CI TPJ@HNHKJI Tsjquê rmlis`m `ho h rmskitm rmskitm ci omtipsj`hnhkji, o omsoh msoh tmlch shfrjch outjniëàh `ho i  pmrci cm smu `hltith mstrmjth `ho i Fjnhshfji, m tmo lis oàhs cm Frmuc, uo chs smus krilcms  pijs, uo chs oijhrms iphjichrms. Mo Tirjs, hs mfmjths tmripâutj`hs ci ajplhsm fjzmrio ms`hni mo Lil`y, ois fhj lh ahspjtin ci Pinpâtrjárm, i „`jcicm chs nhu`hs‟, `ho smus quism hjth ojn pi`jmltms, qum i ajplhsm kilahu cmstiqum lis oàhs aéemjs ch omstrm @air`ht. „H oikh ci Pinpâtrjárm `ho kmsths cm prmstjcjkjtichr m hrcmls jopmritjvis, fiz ipirm`mr m cmsipirm`mr, cjiltm cm uo iucjtðrjh mstupmfith, ilmstmsjis, `mkumjris m  pirinjsjis, Frmuc, mo 9116, `hlfjroi2 ‑Omcjiltm uo mstuc h ch ajplhtjsoh `jmltjfj`iomltm rminjzich... @air`ht `hlsmkum mniehrir uoi mspê`jm cm tmhrji ci  sjlthoithnhkji ajstêrj`i‚.‟ (Uhcrjkuê, 9::=, p.551)  p.551) 

1

 [jnemr (5445, p.1) ilinjsi inkuls ispm`ths cmssi `hltricjëàh.

 

  @air`ht fmz ms`hni, itrijlch ä „Om`i psjqujétrj`i‟, Tirjs, jlòomrhs mstucjhshs qum, `ho h hebmtjvh cm iopnjirmo smus `hlam`jomlths, h eus`irio. M fhj issjo qum uo chs cjs`ïpunhs cm Erþ`gm, uo bhvmo cm 5: ilhs, pherm, `iemnhs m hnahs lmkrhs, pmrcjch li ountjcàh qum `jr`univi li Kirm cu Lhrc, lh cji 90 cm hutuerh cm 911=, kilahu cmstiqum. I ajstðrji cis `jâl`jis psj oucirji i pirtjr cm suis `hltrjeujëýms, m smu lhom, Pjkoulc Frmuc, pissirji ä ajstðrji `hoh h  pij ci psj`ilénjsm m uo chs oijhrms jlvmstjkichrms jlvmstjkichrms ci omltm auoili. i smkujr inkuls chs pjhlmjrhs ch mstuch ch psjqujsohCirmohs m smus jltmrmssms phr inkuls Cmsti`irmohs tðpj`hs qum mstàh li omti cm pmsqujsi ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. uo cmstiqum mspm`jin i @irn Bulk phr smr `hlsjcmrich uo cm smus prm`urshrms.

Pjkoulc Frmuc Yuilch eus`iohs, lh Trhfmsshr cm Emrkissm, rmfmrâl`jis i`mr`i cm fmlóomlhs qum sm iprhxjomo ci `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin, cmpirioh-lhs `ho chjs ohomlths2 h prjomjrh ê ch „Bhvmo Frmuc‟, `ho smus pmlsiomlths vhntichs piri i `jâl`ji m i omcj`jli m h smkulch h ch „Vmnah Frmuc‟, oijs oicurh, jltmrmssich mo prhenmois `unturijs m auoilhs iopniomltm iopniom ltm `hl`mejchs, m mo issulths rmnitjvhs ä inoi. Emttmnamjo (9:15), ms`rmvmu qum Frmuc phr vérjis vmzms finhu sherm i inoi, ois mstis rmfmrâl`jis fhrio rmtjricis ci tricuëàh jlknmsi qum sm `mltrinjzhu lh „bhvmo Frmuc‟. Tiri Frmuc i inoi sm rmfmrji ä psjqum `hoh uo thch, ipmsir cm mo oujths ohomlths tmr usich mstms tmrohs jlcjstjltiomltm, `hoh sm vâ i smkujr2 „Tsjqum ê uoi pinivri krmki, m i tricuëàh piri mni ê „inoi‟. H tritiomlth  psïquj`h sjkljfj`i, phjs, „h tritiomlth ci inoi‟. ]oi pmsshi phcmrji, issjo ,  pmlsir qum h smltjch cjssh ê2 tritiomlth chs fmlóomlhs oðrejchs ci vjci ci inoi.  Ois tin làh ê h smltjch cmssm tmroh. H tritiomlth psj`hnðkj`h prmtmlcm tmr uo  sjkljfj`ich oujth oijhr7 i siemr, h tritiomlth qum tmo hrjkmo li inoi, h tritiomlth chs cjstòrejhs psïquj`hs hu `hrphrijs - mo krius qum jlfnuml`jio  shermtuch m , cm ohch jomcjith, i inoi ch ahomo. (Emttmnamjo, 9:15, p.16) Inêo cm smu jltmrmssm phr tmois `hoh „inoi‟, phcm-sm phcm-sm rmssintir mstuchs cm Frmuc (9:60) sherm tmnmpitji m piripsj`hnhkji, emo `hoh smu vïl`unh `ho i Ph`jmcicm cm Mstuchs Tsïquj`hs, jlstjtujëàh cm pmsqujsi cm tmois piripsj`hnðkj`hs m „h`unths‟. Pmlch rmnmviltm phltuir h `hlfnjth `ho Uhoijl Uhnnilc i`mr`i ch „smltjomlth h`målj`h‟: (`hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i hu, oijs ohcmrliomltm, trilspmsshin). Mpstmjl, O., ipuc P`htthl, E.[.7 @ajlml, I.E. m Eittjsti, B.U. (9::6), jcmltjfj`i trâs krilcms `hltrjeujëýms ch pmlsiomlth frmucjilh piri i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin2 i) i cms`rjëàh ch smltjomlth h`målj`h `hoh i iphtmhsm ci mxpmrjâl`ji rmnjkjhsi. Ipmsir ci jltmrprmtiëàh njojtici cmstm fmlóomlh `hoh uoi rmkrmssàh ä uljàh fusjhlin `ho i oàm tmr jlfnuml`jich uoi jomlsi kioi cm pmsqujsis rmcu`jhljstis, Frmuc hfmrm`m-nam uo mstituth omtipsj`hnðkj`h, h qum smkulch Uhcrjkuê (9::=, vhn.40, p.965), làh ê phu`h piri inkuêo qum làh aivji mxpmrjomltich mstm fmlóomlh7

:

 Tiri omnahrms cmtinams vmr jtmo 9.0.5. lmstm trieinah.

 

  e) suis mxpmrjâl`jis `ho oilmbh ci itmlëàh, prjomjriomltm `ho i ajplhsm, cmphjs `ho i issh`jiëàh njvrm m phr fjo, `ho i itmlëàh fnutuiltm. I itmlëàh fnutuiltm sm iprhxjoi i mstichs cms`rjths i pirtjr chs trmjliomlths mo omcjtiëàh prhphsths pmni trilspmsshin7 `) i lhëàh cm inêo ch prjl`ïpjh ch prizmr m i tmltitjvi cm rhopjomlth ch shfrjomlth lmurðtj`h i pirtjr ci suenjoiëàh. H cmsml`hltrh cm Frmuc `ho fmlóomlhs qum fukjio ih piricjkoi chojliltm ä sui êph`i fhj mxprmssh lh smu nipsh cm omoðrji, issjo iphltich phr Uhcrjkuê (9::=)2 „Luoi oilaà cm cmzmoerh cm 9:94, Frmuc pirtju, viohs suphr, sjkjnhsiomltm,  piri sm ml`hltrir `ho Bulk m Enmunmr mo Ouljqum. Ohtjvh ci mxpmcjëàh8 Vjsjtir  Friu Irlhnc, uoi rrmlhoici mlhoici istrðnhki. Ois i vjsjti làh tmvm nukir phrqum Frmuc `hlti-lhs Bhlms - làh `hlsmkuju nmoerir h lhom ci istrðnhki‟. istrðnhki ‟. (Jejc., vhn 45,  p.965, krjfh lhssh) H nipsh frmucjilh oir`i uo tmoph, uoi fhroi cm pmlsir, mxprmssilch i ioejvinâl`ji vjvjci lh omjh `jmltïfj`h mo rmniëàh i fmlóomlhs qum ijlci làh phcjio smr mxpnj`ichs. Ih omsoh tmoph triz i oir`i iltm`jpichri cm thch vjsjhlérjh, hu krilcm kâljh, phjs iltm`jpi hs jltmrmssms cm pmsqujsichrms futurhs, jlcj`ilch uoi jomlsi kioi cm phssjejnjcicms cm jlvmstjkiëàh.

Pilchr Fmrml`zj I psj`ilénjsm curiltm uo nhlkh pmrïhch h`uphu uo nukir cm cmstiqum lis pmsqujsis vhnticis ih psjqujsoh auoilh, phr jssh eus`iohs mltrm iltjkhs „omstrms‟ rmfmrâl`jis i uoi cjomlsàh inêo ch pmsshin. Lmsti eus`i cmpirioh-lhs `ho Fmrml`zj, „h vjzjr ci psj`ilénjsm, h Amré`njth ci psjqujitrji aòlkuri, h jltmrnh`uthr cm Frmuc mo Pjri`usi‟, lis pinivris cm Uhcrjkuê (9::=, vhn 45, p. QQQJ).  Lis`jch mo Eucipmstm, mo 91;0, h hjtivh cm uoi fioïnji cm hlzm fjnahs, fjnahs, sui kmljinjcicm làh pisshu cmspmr`mejci piri Frmuc, cm qumo sm thrlhu cjs`ïpunh fjmn, tinvmz uo chs phu`hs cis  prjomjris kmriëýms cm krilcms ilinjstis ilinjstis i làh rhopmr `ho h prhfmsshr. Puis `hltrjeujëýms ä tmhrji psj`ilinïtj`i sàh jlòomris7 iquj rmkjstriohs h Fmrml`zj „Istrðnhkh ci @hrtm chs Tsj`ilinjstis‟. (Jejc., p.965, vhn.5)  vhn.5)  Pmkulch Uhcrjkuê (9::=), Fmrml`zj puenj`hu mo 91:1, li rmvjsti Kyðkjészit, mcjtici  phr Ojgsi P`ai`tmr, krilcm fjkuri pitmrli cm sui vjci, h mlsijh jltjtunich „Mspjrjtjsoh‟, lh quin h iuthr lirri uo mpjsðcjh qum omrm`m cmstiqum, aibi vjsti mlvhnvmr uo chs fh`hs cm  pmsqujsi ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin qum sàh hs mstichs mstichs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji. Vmbioh-nh2 „@mrth cji, mnm pirtj`jphu cm uoi rmuljàh omcjòlj`i hrkiljzici phr uo vmnah iojkh mspïrjti. Li smssàh, Fmr ml`zj ml`zj pmrkulthu2 „Mo qumo msthu pmlsilch lmstm ohomlth8‟. I oêcjuo rmsphlcmu2 „I pmsshi li quin vh`â msté pmlsilch, i`iei cm nmviltir- sm  sm ci `ioi piri nhkh pmcjr uuo o `hph cm ékui m `ijr ohrti‟. Fmrml`zj, li ahri, nmoerhu qum tjlai oir`ich uoi `hlsunti oêcj`i. Fhj äs prmssis ä `isi ch  pi`jmltm hlcm pócm `hlstitir i vmri`jcicm ch qum i oêcjuo cjssmri‟. (Vhn 45,  p.964)

 

  Lh qum cjz rmspmjth ä tmnmpitji, trilsfmrâl`ji cm pmlsiomlth li njlkuikmo frmucjili, Fmrml`zj prh`urhu mo Emrnjo i oêcjuo m `nirjvjcmltm fiohsi, Pri. Pmjcnmr. Cm phssm cm uoi `irti cm Frmuc, „mltusjisoi„mltusjisoi-sm `ho rmvmniëýms ci oêcjuo sherm i pmsshi ch prhfmsshr‟. Fmrml`zj mo `irti rmvmni ih prhfmsshr2 „Icojtjlch qum mni phssuj `ipi`jcicms rminomltm fhri ch `houo, tinvmz mnis sm cmvio i uoiI mspê`jm cm „nmjturi jsthciê,smssàh, nmjturinmvhu-om cm omusä  pmlsiomlths. iuth-ilénjsm prhfulcicmqumpmlsiomlth‟, rminjzmj cmphjs cjti ajpðtmsm. I oijhrji cis cm`niriëýms i rmspmjth ch smlahr `hrrmsphlcmo i  prh`msshs omltijs qum mu rminomltm tjvm, ois tioeêo i prh`msshs omltijs qum  phssh tmr rm`in`ich... Inêo ci tmhrji ci „jlcuëàh psïquj`i‟, phcmohs `hltmopnir i  phssjejnjcicm cm uoi ajpmrmstmsji mxtétj`i‚ . .  H cjs`ïpunh, `hltuch, ohstri-sm `iutmnhsh2 Yumrh issmkurir-nam qum làh aé pmrjkh cm qum mu su`uoei ih h`untjsoh, cmvjch i msti mxpmrjâl`ji, ijlci hes`uri.‟ (Uhcrjkuê, 9::=, vhn.5, p.965)  p.965)   Moehri smbi phu`h prhvévmn qum `hlfhrom phltui Uhcrjkuê „h tmoi ch h`unth m cis `jâl`jis piripsj`hnðkj`is, mo kmrin, h`upissm phu`h mspiëh lhs ml`hltrhs cis quirtis-fmjris ch kruph frmucjilh, h issulth hpmrivi `hoh `hltri-phlth. Lmssi prh`uri pmnh piripsj`hnðkj`h, Fmrml`zj mstivi ä frmltm cm Bulk‟, moehri sm ohstrissm oijs rmtj`mltm.  rmtj`mltm.  

Htth Uilg Ijlci lh omjh psj`ilinïtj`h, tmohs h „H Sriuoi cm Lis`jomlth‟ cm Htth U ilg, ilg, surkjch lh ilh cm 9:50, mltrm is oir`is ch `ål`mr cm Frmuc. H ms`rjth rilgjilh cmspmrthu lh omjh ilinïtj`h, jlj`jinomltm, uoi rmiëàh cm fril`i m quism thtin i`mjtiëàh. Ifjroi-sm qum Frmuc tmrji `homltich `ho Fmrml`zj2 „Làh smj sm 66% hu 00% ch njvrh ê njvrh ê vmrcicmjrh ois, mo quinqumr `ish, ê h oijs jophrtiltm prhkrmssh cmscm i cms`hemrti ci psj`ilénjsm‟. H qum làh ê phu`h li eh`i cm Frmuc‟ (Uhcrjkuê,9::=, p.11. vhn.0)  vhn.0)  Inêo cm `hlsjcmrir h lis`jomlth `hoh uo chs mvmlths jophrtiltms li vjci ch jlcjvïcuh mo "I Jltmrprmtiëàh chs Phlahs" 94  (smkulci mcjëàh), Frmuc issjlinhu qum „h ith cm lis`jomlth ê i prjomjri mxpmrjâl`ji cm ilsjmcicm m, issjo, pissi i smr i fhltm m h prhtðtjph ch mltmlcjomlth ci ilsjmcicm‟ - h triuoi cm lis`jomlth cmspmrthu uoi vmrcicmjri kumrri lh omjh  psj`ilinjtj`h, emo `hoh ierju oirkmls piri qum pmsqujsichrms cmsmlvhnvmssmo uoi tmhrji oijs iopni i pirtjr cmstm fith, `hoh ê h `ish cis oitrjzms pmrjlitijs cm Krhf (9:11, 5444). Frmuc mlvjhu uoi `jr`unir ihs omoerhs ch @hojtâ `ho h hebmtjvh cm ipni`ir hs åljohs i`jrrichs. I `jtiëàh cm trm`ahs cmsti `jr`unir cmpým i`mr`i ci oiturjcicm ch „vmnah Frmuc‟, itjlkjch pmnh `ål`mr. @hoh sm phcm `hlfmrjr mo `jtiëàh cm Uhcrjkuê (9::=) i smkujr trils`rjti2

94

 Lhti cm rhcipê ci 5 i. Mcjëàh

 

  „...jl`hopirivmnomltm oijs jltmrmssiltm. H triuoi triuoi ch lis`jomlth cm Uilg. Làh amsjth mo cjzmr qum `hlsjcmrh mssi heri intiomltm sjkljfj`itjvi, qum mni om cmu oujth h qum pmlsir m qum ijlci làh `amkumj i tmr uo buïzh sjkljfj`itjvh sherm mni.  Aé oujth mstiohs fiojnjirjzichs `ho filtisjis rmnitjvis ih òtmrh m rm`hlam`mohs  sui jophrtål`ji, ois cmvjch ih rmin`m qum Uilg nams cmu, mnis in`ilëirio uoi  sjkljfj`iëàh oujth oijhr m rmvmnio ccmm jomcjith h fulch ejhnðkj`h ch @hopnmxh cm  Êcjph. Umpjth mo ojlai prðprji h triuoi cm lis`jomlth cmvm mstirh issh`jich i inkuoi punsàh qum njlkuikmo2 vjsi i fmnj`jcicm, `hoprmmlcmlch-sm iï qum `hl`mjth cm fmnj`jcicm ê usich, shermtuch, mo smltjch mrðtj`h. Uilg, mltàh, vij inêo ci ps`jhpithnhkji m ohstri `hoh hs ahomls intmrio h oulch mxtmrlh i smrvjëh cmssm jlstjlth, ih pissh qum hs lmurðtj`hs phupio-sm cmssm prhenmois ih thoir h `iojlah oijs `urth cm filtisjir h rmthrlh ih òtmrh. Pm ä `hl`mpëàh cm Uilg i`rms`mltirohs i cm Fmrml`zj - i cm qum h ahomo phcm smr rmprmsmltich phr smus  kmljtijs - mltàh pmni prjomjri vmz tmohs uoi cmrjviëàh ch jlstjlth smxuin lhroin mo qum sm ml`ijxi lhssi `hl`mpëàh ch oulch.  Liturinomltm, emo oijs phcmrji smr cjth sherm jssh m mspmrh qum hs pmlsiomlths cmspmrtichs phr Uilg thrlmo-sm hebmth cm oujtis cjs`ussýms frutïfmris. Cmpiriohlhs iquj làh `ho uoi rmvhnti, uoi rmvhnuëàh, uoi `hltricjëàh cm lhssh `hlam`jomlth issmkurich, ois `ho uo jltmrmssiltm i`rês`joh qum lðs m hutrhs ilinjstis tmohs cm rm`hlam`mr.‟ (vhn.0, pp. 1:-:9). 1: -:9). Is rmiëýms i msti `jr`unir fhrio mxi`mreicis, Mrlmstm Bhlms ifjroi qum Frmuc Frmu c fhj „phr cmoijs thnmriltm‟. H `njoi mstivi intmrich m Frmuc lmsti inturi ci vjci rmfnmtm2 „Omus cjs`ïpunhs sàh oijs hrthchxhs ch qum mu‟ (jejc, p. :9). Thcmr -sm-ji -sm-ji irrjs`ir i ajpðtmsm cm qum mnm mstjvmssm  prmstm i `hltjluir smu rmni`jhliomlth `ho Uilg, ois h ohvjomlth psj`ilinïtj`h tinvmz pmni jlêr`ji jlmrmltm äs jlstjtujëýms làh nam pmrojtju hutri ms`hnai smlàh h `iojlah ci smpiriëàh. Issjo „H Sriuoi ch Lis`jomlth‟, qum cjstil`jhu cjs`ïpunh m omstrm, nmvhu Frmuc i rmvjsir sui tmhrji rmfmrjlch-sm i phsjëàh phsjëàh cm Uilg „qum „qum hrjkjlirjiomltm mri i ojlai - cm qum h ifmth ci ilkustji ê `hlsmqþâl`ji ch ith ch lis`jomlth m uoi rmpmtjëàh ci mxpmrjâl`ji hrjkjlin, fhrëhu-om, fhrëhu-om, uoi vmz oijs, i rmvjsir h prhenmoi ci ilkòstji‟. (Jejc., vhn.0, p.945)  p.945)   Hri, jssh sjkljfj`i qum Frmuc icojtm h oêrjth cm Uilg quilth i trivmssji triuoétj`i ch fmth pmnh `ilin mstrmjth ci ei`ji, rmfmrjlch-sm ih mvmlth `hoh prhtðtjph cm ilkòstji prjomvi  piri h jlcjvïcuh ä omcjci qum sm `hlstjtuj mo jlmvjtévmn sjtuiëàh cm iomiëi ä vjci vjc i m ih omsoh tmoph uo `iojlah òlj`h i smr pmr`hrrjch. Tiri inêo cmssi sjtuiëàh jlj`jin cm pmrjkh, frmltm i hutris fhltms kmrichris cm triuois, shoilch uo thtin cm quitrh sjtuiëýms cm pmrci i smrmo jlj`jicis pmni `aioici „pmrci ch ljrvili jltrijltri-utmrjlh‟, tmohs li smqþâl`ji (iomiëi smqþâl`ji (iomiëi cm)2 pmrci ci sjoejhsm oitmrli, pmrci ch pâljs m pmrci ch iohr ch supmrmkh. Cmssm ohch, is `hltrjeujëýms cm Uilg i`mr`i ch triuoi cm lis`jomlth h `hnh`io mltrm hs prm`urshrms ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, tinvmz uo chs prjomjrhs i jlcj`ir uoi iopnjtucm ci `hls`jâl`ji piri inêo chs njojtms jophsths pmni tmhrji psj`ilinïtj`i chojliltm. Pui tmhrji jlcj`i-lhs i phssjejnjcicm cm omrkunairohs mo lïvmjs oijs prhfulchs ci psjqum. Krhf (9:11) cmsti`i h jltmlsh trieinah cm Uilg, `hlstrujlch i pirtjr ch omsoh uo ir`iehuëh tmðrj`h piri cir `hlti cis mxpmrjâl`jis qum mlvhnvmo i krivjcmz m h lis`jomlth.

 

Mstm iuthr mniehri i tmhrji cis oitrjzms pmrjlitijs m, mo ahomlikmo i Uilg, cmlhojli cm lïvmn rilgjilh ch prh`mssh tmripâutj`h i fism ci tmripji li quin momrkmo `hltmòchs pmrjlitijs cm fhroi oijs `hlcmlsici. ]OI SMLSISJVI CM @IPIOMLSH TUM@H@M MLSUM MUHP M TPJY]M @irn Bulk

@irn Kustiv Bulk, cms`mlcmltm ch oïtj`h Pjkoulc Bulk, inqujojsti cm Oijlz 99, lis`mu mo 56 cm bunah cm 91;= mo Gmsswjn, pmqumlh phvhich ä emjri ch nikh @hlstilzi, lh `iltàh cm Saurkhvji. H jltmrmssm phr fmlóomlhs qum mstivio fhri ch åoejth cm mstuch ci psjqujitrji cm sui êph`i, emo `hoh suis rj`is `hltrjeujëýms ih cmsmlvhnvjomlth cm uoi psj`hnhkji ch sikrich, pýmo mstm iuthr `hoh uo chs prm`urshrms ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. I fioïnji cm Bulk pirm`m tmr mstjounich iopniomltm smu oulch joikjlérjh. Curiltm i sui jlfål`ji mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs phcmo smr issjlinicis, `hoh phr mxmopnh2 smlch shnj`jtich i prhcuzjr uo mlsijh, Bulk fj`hu eistiltm sherm`jtich (mstich intmrich cm `hls`jâl`ji). Lmstm mstich prhcuzju uo mx`mnmltm mlsijh m fhj i`usich cm pnékjh pmnh prhfmsshr. Pmo `hlsmkujr `hlvml`â-nh, m shfrmlch phr inkuls cjis, Bulk ms`rmvmu i`mr`i ch `hltith `ho uo ‑smr jlvjsïvmn‚ qum h tmrji ibucich ibucich i fizmr h tmxth.  Li ms`hni Oêcj`i cm Rurj`a, Bulk ms`rmvmu sui tmsm sherm trilsm m mstichs cjssh`jitjvhs, i pirtjr cis mxpmrjâl`jis `ho sui prjoi m oêcjuo Amnmlm Trmjswmrg. Cmphjs cm sui kricuiëàh trieinahu `ho Mukml Enmunmr, uo chs oijhrms omstrms ci psjqujitrji, lh Ahspjtin cm Eurkahnza mo Rurjqum, h qum nam cmu uoi visti mxpmrjâl`ji `ho psj`ðtj`hs m `hnh`hu-h mo `hltith `ho h `ioph ch sjoehnjsoh tmlch-sm, phr mxmopnh uo chs smus `ishs mo qum uo pi`jmltm finhu cm uo shn fénj`h, fjkuri phstmrjhromltm ml`hltrici phr Bulk li `unturi mkïp`ji. H ml`hltrh cm Frmuc m Bulk prhpj`jhu ih prjomjrh uo suphrtm i`mr`i ci vjsàh  psj`ilinïtj`i ch jl`hls`jmltm. Lh mltilth is cjvmrkâl`jis mltrm ioehs làh tircirjio mo ipirm`mr. Mo Vjmli, Frmuc m Bulk cjs`utjrio sherm fmlóomlhs piripsj`hnðkj`hs, quilch h`hrrmu uo eirunah li mstiltm cm njvrhs ch ms`rjtðrjh cm Frmuc. Bulk cjssm qum tin fmlóomlh rmfnmtji uo chs tðpj`hs qum mstivio cjs`utjlch m prmcjssm uo lhvh eirunah. Frmuc cjs`hrchu cmsti phssjejnjcicm, ois uo smkulch eirunah h`hrrmu. Frmuc cmphjs ms`rmvmu piri Bulk cjzmlch qum ipðs sui pirtjci hs eirunahs `hltjluirio, phrêo hs `hlsjcmrivi smo jophrtål`ji. (Omoðrjis, Phlahs m Umfnmxýms). ]oi cis phssïvmjs `iusis piri h rhopjomlth mltrm Frmuc m Bulk cmvmu-sm ih fith cm mstm òntjoh jlsjstjr mo cmsti`ir tmois mspjrjtuijs mspjrjtuijs mo smu fh`h cm pmsqujsi. Thcm-sm `hlsjcmrir is `hltrjeujëýms cm Bulk piri Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin mo quitrh  phlths2 9.  i lhëàh qum cmsmlvhnvjomlth psj`hnðkj`h phcmrji jl`nujr h `rms`jomlth cm inths lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji m `hltjluir ih nhlkh ci vjci7 5.  h `hl`mjth cm trils`mlcâl`ji ê òtjn piri `ici jlcjvïcuh7

99

 „Il`mstrin cm @irn Kustiv, itjvh li prjomjri omticm ch sê`unh QVJJ, `hlam`mchr cm Tiri`mnsh.‟  Tiri`mnsh.‟  

 

0.  i prhltjcàh piri mxpnhrir vjsýms cm hutris `unturis ountj`mltmlérjis emo `hoh cm nmviltir jlsjkats jlsjkats cmltrh  cmltrh ci `unturi h`jcmltin ohstririo-sm rmnmviltms piri h trieinah `nïlj`h ituin7 3.  h rm`hlam`jomlth cm qum `uri m `rms`jomlth frmqþmltmomltm rmsunti cm mxpmrjâl`jis sjoeðnj`is hu cm mstichs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, hs quijs làh phcmo smr rmcuzjchs ä ri`jhlinjziëàh. Mstis `hltrjeujëýms sm mxprmssio lhs mstuchs bulkujilhs sjoeðnj`i, i`mr`i chsci irquêtjphs m ojths,m jl`hls`jmltm `hnmtjvh, shlahs, tjphs psj`hnðkj`hs, ci iehrcikmo sjl`rhlj`jcicm, cis cjomlsýms mspjrjtuijs ci psjqum, qum smrvjrio cm eism piri i fulciomltiëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lh H`jcmltm. Bulk tioeêo phcm smr vjsth `hoh uo u o chs prjomjrhs tmðrj`hs i mstucir, luoi pmrspm`tjvi  psj`hnðkj`i, fmlóomlhs `hoh trilsms omcjòlj`hs hu làh, yhki, mspjrjtuinjcicm chs litjvhs iomrj`ilhs, xioiljsoh ifrj`ilh, h J @ajlk, inqujoji m klhstj`jsoh. Is puenj`iëýms qum oijs cmsti`io h ispm`th trilspmsshin li heri cm Bulk sàh2 Pmtm Pmroýms piri uo Ohrth7 ]oi Umsphsti i Bð7 Omoðrjis, Phlahs m Umfnmxýms (5445). Ê phssïvmn  pmr`memr i husicji cm Bulk frmltm ih omjh i`icâoj`h i pirtjr cm sui cm`niriëàh i EE@, quilch qumstjhlichh i`mr`i ci mxjstâl`ji cm Cmus2 „Mu làh pmlsh qum mnm mxjstm, mu smj qum mnm mxjstm‟, qumstjhlic `hltuch, sui ioejvinâl`ji làh pmrojtju h `isiomlth mltrm Mrhs m Tsjqum, ois nilëhu smomltms m ierju `iojlahs piri msti uljàh. ]O @IPIOMLSH SIUCJH MLSUM MUHP M TPJY]Ê

@irn Uhkmrs @hlsjcmrich uo chs prjl`jpijs rmprmsmltiltms ci Smr`mjri Fhrëi mo Tsj`hnhkji, Uhkmrs fhj uo chs prjomjrhs iuthrms qum fhrlm`mu jlfhroiëýms i`mr`i cis phssjejnjcicms cm iopnjiëàh ch `ioph cm pmsqujsi li érmi psj`hnðkj`i. Shrlilch rmnmviltm i phssjejnjcicm cm iemrturi piri lhvis jcêjis Uhkmrs (9:10) vinhrjzi äqumnis qum cjzmo rmspmjth ih mspiëh jltmrlh ‐  jltmrlh  ‐  h  h `aioich rmjlh chs phcmrms psj`hnðkj`hs m cis aiejnjcicms psïquj`is ci pmsshi auoili.  Lmssm smltjch issjo sm mxprmssi2 „Msthu iemrth i fmlóomlhs fmlóomlhs ijlci oijs ojstmrjhshs - ä prmohljëàh, ä tmnmpitji, ä `nirjvjcâl`ji, äs iuris auoilis, äs fhthkrifjis gjrnjilis, m itê omsoh äs mxpmrjâl`jis qum sm càh fhri ch `hrph. Mstms fmlóomlhs phcmo làh `hrrmsphlcmr äs nmjs `jmltïfj`is `hlam`jcis, ois tinvmz mstmbiohs lh `iojlah ci cms`hemrti cm uoi lhvi hrcmo, rmkjci phr hutrhs tjphs cm nmjs. Pjlth qum msthu iprmlcmlch oujth `ho uoi lhvi érmi cm `hlam`jomlths, m `hlsjcmrh msti mxpmrjâl`ji ikricévmn m mophnkiltm.‟ (p. 56)  56)  Msti iemrturi cm Uhkmrs oir`i uoi pissikmo jophrtiltm cmltrh ch ohvjomlth  psj`hnðkj`h, phjs ohstri h jltmrmssm chs psj`ðnhkhs auoiljstis phr uoi lhvi cjomlsàh mo  psj`hnhkji, qum oijs tircm pisshu i cmlhojlir-sm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, m iphltivi lhvhs ruohs piri i pmsqujsi.

 

  Jophrtiltm rmss rmssintir intir qum mo „Umfnmxýms sherm i Ohrtm‟, Uhkmrs (9:10) lhs mlsjli uo chs phlths `hlsjcmrichs `mltrijs ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspm Srilspmsshin2 sshin2 i o ohrtm. hrtm. „I ojlai `rmlëi cm qum i ohrtm ê h fjo fhj ohcjfj`ici, lh mltilth, phr `hjsis qum iprmlcj li cê`ici pissici. Fjqumj joprmssjhlich `ho hs rmniths cm Uiyohlc  Ohhcy (9:;=) sherm is mxpmrjâl`jis `ho pmsshis qum mstjvmrio prðxjois ci ohrtm iinkuls phlth rmniths cm smrmosherm cm`niricis ohrtis, ois qum vhntirio ä vjci. Joprmssjhlio-om rmml`irliëàh, moehri mu `hlsjcmrm uoi eâlëàh oujth cuvjchsi. Jltmrmssh-om pmnhs trieinahs cm Mnjsiemta Gþenmr-Uhss m phr suis `hl`nusýms sherm i vjci ipðs i ohrtm.‟ (p.5:)  (p.5:)   Mo ituinjziëàh i mstis ifjroiëýms h iuthr ms`rmvm2 „Vjvmlch h Trh`mssh cm Ohrrrmr‟.  Lmnm eus`i rmhrkiljzir suis `hlsjcmriëýms sherm h prh`mssh ci ohrtm, ifjroilch i lhvi vjsàh quilch cmsti`i2 „`hltristio frhltinomltm `ho inkuois pissikmls cmstm `ipïtunh, ms`rjth aé ipmlis chjs ilhs itrés‟ (jejc. p.09). I mxpmrjâl`ji cm finm`jomlth cm sui msphsi triëi uo ehljth pmr`ursh li rmhrkiljziëàh ch `hl`mjth cm ohrtm, m oir`i i trilsfhroiëàh hpmrici mo sui omltm fnmxïvmn m cjsphlïvmn ih lhvh. „Ohcjfj`irio `hopnmtiomltm ojlai `hl`mpëàh ch prh`mssh ci ohrtm. Ikhri `hlsjcmrh phssïvmn qum `ici uo cm lðs smbi uoi mssâl`ji mspjrjtuin `hltïlui, qum sm oiltêo itrivês chs tmophs m qum h`isjhlinomltm sm ml`irli luo `hrph auoilh.‟ (p. 09) Mo „Mstichs Intmrichs cm @hls`jâl`ji‟ Uhkmrs (9:10) cmsti`i hs trieinahs cm Krhf m Krhf (9:;;) m Njnny, qum iphltio i `ipi`jcicm cis pmsshis untripissirmo h lïvmn `houo cm `hls`jâl`ji, `hlfhrom trils`rjth i smkujr2 „Pmus mstuchs pirm`mo rmvmnir qum mo mstichs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, is  pmsshis mltrio mo `hltith `ho h fnuxh ci mvhnuëàh m iprmmlcmo smu sjkljfj`ich.  Mstm `hltith ê vjvml`jich `hoh uo ohvjomlth qum hs iprhxjoi cm uoi mxpmrjâl`ji trils`mlcmltm cm uljcicm. Ê `hoh sm h mu sm cjsshnvmssm luoi rmkjàh cm vinhrms  supmrjhrms, mspm`jinomltm cm emnmzi, airohlji m iohr. I pmsshi smltm-sm `hoh sm mni m h `hsohs fhssmo uo sð. I rminjziëàh hestjlici cm pmsqujsis pirm`m qum vmo `hlfjroilch is mxpmrjâl`jis cm uljàh chs oïstj`hs `ho h uljvmrsh.‟ (Uhkmrs, 9:10,  p.3;) Cjiltm cmssm `mlérjh, pmr`mem-sm qum Uhkmrs rmvmni h `hltith `ho is prhcuëýms `jmltïfj`is ci mltàh lis`mltm érmi cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, `jtilch hs trieinahs Krhf, uo cm smus mxphmltms, rmsphlsévmn phr vinhrhsi `hlstruëàh `irthkréfj`i ci `hls`jâl`ji lmsti érmi. @ho h cmsmlvhnvjomlth cm pmsqujsis qum jl`nuïio i cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin ci vjci auoili, vérjhs psj`ðnhkhs auoiljstis pissirio i sm jltmrmssir phr uoi sêrjm cm mstuchs itê mltàh lmknjkml`jichs pmni Tsj`hnhkji Auoiljsti. Mstm jltmrmssm mstivi iphjich phr jlòomris  pmsqujsis qum surkjrio lmssi êph`i, `hltuch ê shomltm lh pðs-ohrtm qum Uhkmrs rmvmni smu jltmrmssm lh `isiomltm mltrm Mrhs m Tsjquê.

 

  TJHLMJUHP PHNJSÉUJHP M NH]@HP CM PIEMCHUJI2 TPJY]Ê E]P@I @IPIUPM ISUIVÊP CHP IN]@JLÐKMLHP ]o chs mstuchs oir`iltms ch pmrïhch cm oijs itmlëàh piri mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji msté mxprmssh mo „Is Thrtis ci Tmr`mpëàh‟, cm Inchus Auxnmy (5445) qum cmspmr thu thu h jltmrmssm  pmnis crhkis fhltm pmsqujsi prhfulci ci omltm auoili. Mo 9:60, mnm ojljstrhu NPCinu`jlðkmlis ä sui msphsi,`hoh lh nmjth cm cm ohrtm, ms`ilcinjzilch i sh`jmcicm ci êph`i. Pmkujlch smus pisshs, Sjohtay Nmiry, chuthr mo Fjnhshfji pmni Aivirc, `homëhu, liqumni cê`ici, i utjnjzir-sm cm `hkuomnhs, oijs tircm, cm NPC. Nmiry fhj pmkh mo fnikriltm, `hlcmlich i 04 ilhs cm prjsàh, ijlci qum tmlai sjch jlcuntich phstmrjhromltm. Li smltmlëi `hlcmlitðrji fjkurivi qum aivji jlcuzjch smu fjnah m sui fjnai fjna i i usirmo „si`mrchtinomltm‟ h inu`jlðkmlh h qum ms`ilcinjzhu h bòrj m i jkrmbi ([mnnmsnmy, ipuc Tjl`amrnm, 9:1=). Mstms fiths oir`irio h jlï`jh cm uo jomlsh omrkunah lh oulch chs inu`jlðkmlhs qum  pissirio i itrijr `ici vmz oijs jltmrmssm, kmrilch pmsqujsis qum iopnjirio i lhëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji. Fhrio cms`rjtis vjvâl`jis qum sm iprhxjoirio cis inusýms vjsjhlérjis chs oïstj`hs hrjmltijs, ikhri oijs i`mssïvmjs ä `unturi h`jcmltin. Cmltrh cmstm `hltmxth, momrkmo hs mstuchs qum `hlvmrkjrio piri h lis`jomlth ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. Iltahly B. Putj`a, ipuc [mjn (9:;1), triëi uo ei`gkriulc rmnitjvh i mstm surkjomlth, `homëilch phr mxphr uo msehëh i rmspmjth cis cmfjljëýms m cm`niriëýms cm hebmtjvhs mo rmniëàh ih ipirm`jomlth ajstðrj`h cm lhvis fhrëis li psj`hnhkji. Mstm iuthr `hoprmmlcm is cmfjljëýms m cm`niriëýms cm hebmtjvhs `hoh fhrouniëýms submjtis i trilsfhroiëýms, li omcjci mo qum mnis fhrmo mxjkjcis pmnh cmsmlvhnvjomlth cis `hlcjëýms hebmtjvis cm vjci, cm suis rmniëýms, cis fhrëis qum phssio rmprmsmltir.  Lmstm smltjch, h trieinah cm Putj`a `hlkrmki cichs prmnjojlirms cm ilénjsm cis cm`niriëýms, cmfjljëýms m hebmtjvhs qum `iri`tmrjzio h ipirm`jomlth cm uoi lhvi tmlcâl`ji cmltrh ci psj`hnhkji, emo `hoh triëi uo fhrtm pirinmnh mltrm i „Smr`mjri Fhrëi‟, Tsj`hnhkji Tsj`hnhkji Auoilïstj`i, m h lis`jomlth ci „Yuirti Fhrëi‟. Putj`a phcm smr `hlsjcmrich uo chs pjhlmjrhs lh `ioph trilspmsshin, smlch smus msfhrëhs cm sïltmsm m sjstmoitjziëàh mxtrmoiomltm mlrjqum`mchrms piri h cmsmlvhnvjomlth cmstm lhvh `ioph cm `hlam`jomlth, cm tin ohch vinjhsh qum h thoiohs `hoh lhrtm piri i mxphsjëàh chs cichs ajstðrj`hs smqþml`jijs ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin.

CH „SHULIU -PM TMPPHI‟ IH „SHULIU -PM SUILPTMPPHIN‟ H] CH A]OILJPOH Ä TPJ@HNHKJI SUILPTMPPHIN2 TPJY]Ê KILAI ]O LJLAH Ipmsir cis ioejvinâl`jis m rmtj`âl`jis mo rmkri hesmrvicis li tmhrji auoiljsti mo rmniëàh ihs smus vïl`unhs `ho i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, ê lhtðrjh qum hs pijs ci tmr`mjri fhrëi sàh hs omsohs qum kmririo i quirti fhrëi. @hoh phcmrmohs pmr`memr i`hopilailch i smkujr h rmkjstrh tmophrin ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin.

 

  9:=; - I cmfjljëàh ci „Smr`mjri Fhrëi‟ fhj iprmsmltici pmnh Cr. Ieriaio Oisnhw lh vmràh cm 9:=; m jl`nuïci li jltrhcuëàh ch prjomjrh lòomrh ch „Bhurlin hf Auliljstj` Tsy`ahnhky‟ (Putj`a ipuc [mjn, 9:;1), m ml`hltri-sm ieijxh mxprmssi2 „I Umvjsti cm Tsj`hnhkji Auoilïstj`i h`upi-sm h`upi-sm `ho i puenj`iëàh cm pmsqujsis tmðrj`is m ipnj`icis, `hltrjeujëýms hrjkjlijs, mlsijhs, irtjkhs m mstuchs sherm vinhrms, iuthlhoji, smr, iuthrminjziëàh, ‑‑smnf‚‚, `rjitjvjcicm, jcmltjcicm, jcmltjcicm, `rms`jomlth, siòcmm  psj`hnðkj`i, hrkiljsoh, lm`mssjcicms eésj`is cm sitjsfiëàh `hl`mjths rmni`jhlichs‟. (p.53)  (p.53)   Lmstm pmrïhch surkju i „Hrthpsj`hnhkji‟ `hoh prjomjrh tïtunh piri iqujnh qum ituinomltm sm `hlam`m `hoh hrjmltiëàh auoilïstj`i li psj`hnhkji.

9:=: - Curiltm i nhlki fism cm nilëiomlth ch „Bhurlin hf HrtahHrtah -Tsy`ahnhky‟, `rjhu-sm `rjhu-sm uoi `hlfusàh mltrm „Hrthpsj`hnhkji‟ m „Hrthpsjqujitrji‟, smlch h prjomjrh tmroh suestjtuïch, mo rmspmjth ä bé mstiemnm`jci rmvjsti cm psjqujitrj psjqujitrji, i, phr „Pmnf -Tsy`ahnhky‟. Tsy`ahnhky‟.   9:64 - Mo oirëh, h @hlsmnah cm @urichrms ci Erilcmjs ]ljvmrsjty `hlfjrohu h smu  pitrh`ïljh ä rmvjsti.hfLhPmnf  mltilth, piri Putj`a, mstiviitrjeuju jopnï`jthi  sð mxpmrjomltinomltm sm `aioirji „Bhurlin -Tsy`ahnhky‟. H iuthr i  qum prhvjshrjmcicm ch lhom ih  prm`hl`mjth mxjstmltm mltrm i `houljcicm `houljcicm `jmltïfj`i mo rmniëàh i tmrohs `hoh `hoh Pmnf . 9:69 - Hrkiljzhu-sm lhs Mstichs ]ljchs i Issh`jiëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji Auoilïstj`i (ITA). 9:60 - I ITA kilahu `hoh pitrh`jlichrms m rmsphlsévmjs hs omoerhs ch @hlsmnah cm Mcjthrms ci Umvjsti cm Tsj`hnhkji Auoilïstj`i. Mo ikhsth cm 9:60 rminjzhu-sm h ml`hltrh cm fulciëàh ci Issh`jiëàh (ITA), mo Fjnicênfji, Tmlsjnvålji. T mlsjnvålji. 9:6= - Ikhsth, curiltm h smu tmr`mjrh ml`hltrh iluin, mo @aj`ikh, vhthu-sm uoi  prhphsti piri trilsfhroir i Issh`jiëàh mo uoi hrkiljziëàh jlcmpmlcmltm m jsmlti cm tixis fmcmrijs. ipðs inkuls i Issh`jiëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji `hoh lhvh vmï`unhPmlch piri issjo, i „Smr`mjri Fhrëi‟,omsms, rminjzivi smu ml`hltrh iluin li Auoilïstj`i, phsjëàh cm hrk iljziëàh jlcmpmlcmltm, tmlch `hoh lhvh icojljstrichr icojljstrichr Bhal Nmvy, m mcjthr issh`jich ci UTA, Oj Ojnms nms I. Vj`a. 9:6= - I Hrkiljziëàh cmfjlm-sm `hoh2 „... jcmltjfj`ici `ho uoi iopni `hl`mpëàh ch oêthch `jmltïfj`h (...) Mopmlaici  fulciomltinomltm li psj`hnhkji `hoh uoi `jâl`ji... Jltmrmssici mo tðpj`hs qum h`upio phu`h mspiëh lhs sjstmois mxjstmltms, tijs `hoh iohr, `rjitjvjcicm, msphltilmjcicm, bhkh, `inhr auoilh, trils`mlcâl`ji ch mkh, iuthlhoji, rmsphlsiejnjcicm, iutmltj`jcicm, sjkljfj`ich, mxpmrjâl`ji trils`mlcmltin, trils `mlcmltin, `hrikmo.‟ (Jcmo, p.5=)

 

  9:66 - Bilmjrh, vérjhs omoerhs ch @hlsmnah cm Mcjthrms ci UTA fhrio `hlvjcichs i  pirtj`jpir cm uo smojlérjh jltjtunich „Smhnhkji Auoilïstj`i‟ `ho h Ticrm O`Lioiri, `amfm ch Jltmr-Fijta Ppjrjtuin Njfm Jlstjtutm, cm Pmli, Irjzhli, qum sm rminjzhu mo Aht Pprjlks, Ejk Pur, @injfðrlji, m fhj `h-pitrh`jlich pmnh Msinml Jlstjtutm, lh quin h Cr. Oisnhw, qum rminjzivi uo smojlérjh mo Ejk Pur, fhj pmrsuicjch i pirtj`jpir `hoh pinmstriltm. Lhs omsms smkujltms, fhj smlch cmtm`tici uoi fhrëi momrkmltm mo Tsj`hnhkji qum mstivi smlch `hlfulcjci `ho i Auoilïstj`i. Ijlci liqumnm ilh, surkju lh @ilicé uoi rmvjsti `hlsikrici ih mstuch ci `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i, she i cjrmëàh ch psjqujitri, Uiyohlc Trjl`m. 9:6; - Bilmjrh, h tmroh „trils-auoilï „trils-auoilïstj`h‟, stj`h‟, `rjich phr Pjr Bunjil Auxnmy mo 9:=;, thrlhu-sm thrlhusm „pinivri„pinivri-`aivm piri mssi lhvi fhrëi‟ (jcmo, p.56). H „Srils‟ i`rms`jch ä pinivri auoilïstj`h rmvmnivi i lm`mssjcicm ci iopnjiëàh cm mstuchs sherm uoi kioi cm fmlóomlhs cmsmlvhnvjchs pmni fhrëi iltmrjhr. Siehlm (9::=) mxpnj`i mstm ohomlth ci smkujltm fhroi2 „@hoh `hlsmqþâl`ji cmssi i`mjtiëàh m ci jophrtål`ji itrjeuïci ä cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin ci vjci auoili, vérjhs psj`ðnhkhs auoiljstis pissirio i sm jltmrmssir  phr uoi uo i sêrjm cm mstuchs itê mltàh lmknjkml`jichs pmni Tsj`hnhkji Auo Auoiljsti, iljsti, tijs `hoh2 h âxtism, is mxpmrjâl`jis oïstj`is, i trils`mlcâl`ji, i `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i, i tmhrji m i prétj`i cm omcjtiëàh m i sjlmrkji jltmrjlcjvjcuin m jltmrmspê`jms.‟ (p. :;) Iopnji-sm, mltàh, h ohvjomlth cm rm`hlam`jomlth rm`hlam`jo mlth ci mxjstâl`ji cm uo lïvmn „trils‟ `hlsjcmrich itê mltàh `hoh uoi cjomlsàh i smr pmsqujsici lh `mlérjh qum `hlfjkurivi i  pmsshi auoili luoi lhvi vjsàh. Ih lïvmn „trils‟ tioeêo pisshu i smr itrjeuïci uoi sêrjm cm mxpmrjâl`jis, mltmlcjcis `hoh ispm`ths jltrïlsm`hs ci liturmzi auoili smkulch is quijs thch jlcjvïcuh tmo h cjrmjth cm ms`hnamr hu cm ohcjfj`ir h smu „`iojlah‟ piri itjlkjr hs hebmtjvhs trilspmsshijs (Siehlm, 9::=).  Lh cji 93 cm smtmoerh cm 9:6;, mo uoi `hlfmrâl`ji li Fjrst ]ljtirjil @aur`a mo Pàh Fril`js`h, h Cr. Ieriaio Oisnhw fmz i prjomjri iprmsmltiëàh pòenj`i ci „Yuirti Fhrëi‟ lh `ioph ci Tsj`hnhkji. Srâs cjis oijs tircm, mo uo smojlérjh lh Msinml Jlstjtutm, Ejk Pur, @injfðrlji, h Cr. Oisnhw ilul`jhu h nilëiomlth, luo futurh prðxjoh, ch „Bhurlin „Bh urlin hf Srilsauoiljstj`‟.   Srilsauoiljstj`‟. Mo cmzmoerh cm 9:6;, `ho i ibuci cici pmnh Cr. Ieriaio A. Oisnhw m phr Ojnms I. Vj`a fhrio `hopnmticis i cmfjljëàh m i cm`niriëàh cm hebmtjvhs ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilsauoilïstj`i.

H LIP@JOMLSH HFJ@JIN CI TPJ@HNHKJI SUILPTMPPHIN H] H @IPIOMLSH CM MUHP M TPJY]Ê 9:61  ‐   Lh jlï`jh cmssm ilh,  curiltm uoi cjs`ussàh mo qum thoirio pirtm h Cr. Ieriaio A. Oisnhw, h Cr. Vjgthr Frilgn, h Cr. Ptiljsniv Krhf m h Cr. Bioms Ficjoil, sherm h tïtunh ci rmvjsti qum mxprmssirji is jcêjis ci lhvi fhrëi, ahuvm uoi jlsitjsfiëàh `ho h tmroh „trils--auoilïstj`h‟, smlch mltàh suestjtuïch phr „Srilspmsshin‟. „trils „Srilspmsshin‟.   Putj`a, ipuc [mjn (9:;1) cmsti`i msti suestjtujëàh ci smkujltm fhroi2

 

  „Mltrmtilth, is cjfmrmlëis mrio tàh sjkljfj`itjvis qum nmvirio jlmvjtivmnomltm ä `hl`nusàh cm qum uoi érmi lhvi m cm `iri`tmrïstj`is prðprjis ci pmsqujsi  psj`hnðkj`i mstivi sm oiljfmstilch. o iljfmstilch. Mri uoi érmi cm pmsqujsi „pmsshin‟, „pm sshin‟, ois qum ji inêo chs njojtms usuijs ci jlvmstjkiëàh `jmltïfj`i. Inêo cjssh, i lhvi érmi cjfmrji cm oilmjri sjkljfj`itjvi ch trils-auoiljsoh (Auxnmy, 9:=;) pmnh fith cm mlfitjzir  prjl`jpinomltm jlcjvïcuh ch qum i riëi auoili thch. Thr jssh hfhj eistiltmmxpmrjml`jichr liturin qum...oijs i lhvi érmi rm`memssm h `hoh tïtunh uo cm ‑Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin‚‟. (p 5:)  5:)  Krhf (9:11), li iemrturi cm sui heri oikjstrin „ Inêo „ Inêo ch `êrmerh2 lis`jomlth, ohrtm m trils`mlcâl`ji mo psj`htmripji‟, psj`htmripji‟, cms`rmvm-lhs, cms`rmvm-lhs, issjo, mstm ohomlth2 „... `hlam`j uo pmqumlh kruph cm prhfjssjhlijs, lhs òntjohs ilhs ci cê`ici cm 64, qum jl`nuïi Ieriaio Oisnhw, Iltahly Putj`a m Bioms Ficjoil, qum `hopirtjnaivio ojlai `rmlëi cm qum h tmoph mstivi oicurh piri nilëir uo lhvh ohvjomlth mo psj`hnhkji, qum mlfh`issm h mstuch ci `hls`jâl`ji m h rm`hlam`jomlth chs sjkljfj`ichs cis cjomlsýms mspjrjtuijs ci psjqum. Ipðs vérjhs ml`hltrhs piri cmtmrojlir i `nirjfj`iëàh cmssms lhvhs `hl`mjths, cm`jcjohs `aioir mssi lhvi hrjmltiëàh cm „psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin‟. Nhkh mo smkujci fhj nilëich h  Bhurlin hf Srilspmrshlin Tsy`ahnhky m i Issh`jiëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji trilspmsshin. trilspmsshin.‟ ‟ (p. QJJ) Siehlm (9::=) `ho rmfmrâl`ji i mstm ohomlth cm oucilëi cmsti`i qum h tmroh „trilspmsshin‟, `hlfhrom cms`rjth phr Putj`a (9:6:, ipuc [mjn, 9:;1)2 „inêo ch pmsshin‟, hu „inêo ci pmrshlinjcicm‟, cmsnh`i h fh`h cm itmlëàh cich itê mltàh pmnis psj`hnhkjis psj` hnhkjis iltmrjhrms ä pmrshlinjcicm7 smlch phrtilth uoi oir`i cjfmrml`jichri m cmfjljchri ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. @jtilch Viukail, i iuthri rmfmrm-sm issjo ih fith i`joi cms`rjth2 „I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin itrjeuj omlhr jophrtål`ji i pmrshlinjcicm7 m sti m sti ê vjsti ipmlis `hoh uo chs ispm`ths ch smr, `ho h quin h jlcjvïcuh phcm, ois làh cmvm, jcmltjfj`ir- sm‟(p.:1)   sm‟(p.:1)  @hltuch, phcmohs ijlci, cmltrh ch `hltmxth auoiljsti, cmsti`ir h „trils‟ i`rms`jch ih  pmsshin `hoh uoi fhroi cm oir`ir uuoi oi `h `hoprmmlsàh oprmmlsàh thtin ch smr au auoilh, oilh, cm fhroi qum mstm tmroh làh sm rmfmrm ipmlis ih „jr inêo‟, ois, tioeêo, ih thrlir -sm -sm O  OI I J P TM PPHI , issuojlch ricj`inomltm thci i iopnjtucm ch Pmr Auoilh, `hlfhrom cmsti`i [jnemr (5445). 9:6: - Purkju lhs Mstichs ]ljchs i prjomjri Issh`jiëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin (Issh`jitjhl fhr Srilspmrshlin Tsy`ahnhky) qum puenj`i uoi rmvjsti cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `ubh hebmtjvh ê i puenj`iëàh chs trieinahs cm pmsqujsi chs mstucjhshs ci Yuirti Fhrëi. Mltrm hs prjomjrhs mcjthrms ci rmfmrjci rmvjsti cmsti`irio-sm Iltahly Putj`a, Oj`aimn Ourpay m Bioms Ficjoil. Smlch `hoh omoerhs pirtj`jpiltms2 @airnhttm Euanmr, Ieriaio Oisnhw, Innil [itts, Irtaur Ghmstnmr, Vjgthr Frilgn. Putj`a (ipuc [mjn, 9:;1) rmssinti i cm`niriëàh cm hebmtjvhs, `hoh sm smkum2

 

„... „... cmvm smr mltmlcjci `hoh submjti i jltmrprmtiëýms hp`jhlijs jlcjvjcuijs hu cm  kruphs, tilth pir`jin quilth thtinomltm, `ho rmniëàh ä i`mjtiëàh cm smus `hltmòchs `hoh mssml`jinomltm liturinjstis, tmïstis, shermliturinjstis, hu quinqumr hutri `nissjfj`iëàh qum sm nams câ.‟ ( pp. 04 m 09). 09). Cm fith, jsth rminëi h `irétmr cmoh`rétj`h m h `hoprhojssh `ho i pmsqujsi `jmltïfj`i cmsmlvhnvjci mstm ðrkàh cm cjvunkiëàh. @ho i phr fhroiëàh ci Issh`jiëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin m i puenj`iëàh cm sui rmvjsti, lis`mu uoi prjomjri cmfjljëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, S rilspmsshin, issjo mxprmssi2 „Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin (hu „Yuirti Fhrëi‟) ê h tïtunh cich i uoi fhrëi momrkmltm lh `ioph ci psj`hnhkji, rmprmsmltici phr uo kruph cm psj`ðnhkhs m  prhfjssjhlijs cm hutris érmis, cm ioehs hs smxhs, qum mstàh jltmrmssichs liqumnis `ipi`jcicms m phtml`jinjcicms ÒNSJOIP qum làh phssumo uo nukir sjstmoétj`h li tmhrji phsjtjvjsti hu emaivjhrjsti („Trjomjri Fhrëi), li tmhrji psj`ilinïtj`i `néssj`i („Pmkulci Fhrëi‟), hu li psj`hnhkji auoilïstj`i („Smr`mjri Fhrëi‟). Putj`a, ipuc [mjn, 9:;1, p.5:)  Lh`niri, qum cjz rmspmjth smu smr `ioph cm mstuch, msti lhvi fhrëi mo psj`hnhkji cjstjlkum-sm cm fhroi `hoh ieijxhihphcm `hlfmrjch2 „... h`upi-sm h`upi-sm mspm`jfj`iomltm ch mstuch `jmltïfj`h mopïrj`h m ci ipnj`iëàh cis cms`hemrtis jophrtiltms chs smkujltms issulths2 omtilm`mssjcicms, lh åoejth jlcjvjcuin m ci mspê`jm7 vinhrms òntjohs7 `hls`jâl`ji uljtjvi7 mxpmrjâl`ji cm pj`h7 vinhrms E7 âxtism7 mxpmrjâl`ji oïstj`i7 rmspmjth7 smr7 iuth-rminjziëàh7 mssâl`ji7  fmnj`jcicm7 ojnikrms7 sjkljfj`ich òntjoh7 trils`mlcâl`ji ch ‑‑smnf‚‚7 mspïrjth7  sjlkunirjcicm7 `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i7 sjlmrkji jlcjvjcuin m ci mspê`jm7 oéxjoh ml`hltrh jltmrpmsshin7 si`rinjziëàh ci vjci `htjcjili7 fmlóomlhs trils`mlcmltijs7 inmkrji m cjvmrsàh `ðsoj`i7 `hls`jâl`ji smlshrjin oéxjoi7 rmsphlsjvjcicm m mxprmssàh7 m chs `hl`mjths m mxpmrjâl`jis m itjvjcicms rmni`jhlicis‟. (jcmo, p. 04).  04).   9:6: - I Iomrj`il Issh`jitjhl fhr Auoiljstj` Tsy`ahnhky mri uoi hrkiljziëàh jlcmpmlcmltm m prðspmri, oiltmlch suis pmsqujsis li érmi cm „iuth„iuth-rminjziëàh‟, mlquilth h ohvjomlth hrjmltich pmni Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ivilëivi mo eus`i ci „iuthtrils`mlcâl`ji‟.   „iuthtrils`mlcâl`ji‟. 9:;5 m 9:;= - Fhrio rminjzichs h J m JJ @hlkrmssh Jltmrli`jhlin cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, li Jsnålcji. 9:;6 - Uminjziëàh ch JJJ @hlkrmssh Jltmrli`jhlin cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, li Fjlnålcji. 9:;1 - Curiltm h JV @hlkrmssh Jltmrli`jhlin, rminjzich li `jcicm cm Emnh Ahrjzhltm Erisjn, Ptiljsniv Krhf bultiomltm `ho h Nioi Sjemtilh Sirie Ujlph`am, Tjmrrm [mjn, Nêh Oiths, Oj`aimn Ourpay m Uj`airc Trj`m, hs chjs òntjohs, fulcichrms ch Jlstjtuth Msinml, `rjirio i Issh`jiëàh Jltmrli`jhlin cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, qum phstmrjhromltm cjspmlshu h lhom „psj`hnhkji‟ pmni „sjopnms rizàh qum h trilspmsshin ê oujth oijs oi js ch qum psj`hnhkji7 h

 

mlfhqum trilspmsshin ê, mo rminjcicm, uo mlfhqum piri i vjci, phrtilth, làh sm njojtilch shomltm ä psj`hnhkji, ois jl`nujlch hutris `jâl`jis‟ (Oiths, 9::5, p. 90). Cmlhojlilch-sm JSI (Issh`jitjhl Srilspmrshlin Jltmrlitjhlin) `ho smcm li @injfðrlji (Msinml Jlstjtutm, Ejk Pur, @injfðrlji, ]PI), msti jlstjtujëàh oiltêo uo `irétmr jltmrli`jhlin m jltmrcjs`jpnjlir, h qum i cjstjlkum ci bé mxjstmltm Issh`jiëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. I pirtjr cmsti citi i JSI fj`i `hoh hrkiljzichri cm cjvmrshs `hlkrmsshs, tmlch ml`mrrich uoLh ermvm pmrïhch is suis itjvjcicms ipðs h lhlhfhrio `hlkrmssh rminjzich Bipàh, lh ilh cm phr 9:16. mltilth, hutrhs `hlkrmsshs jltmrli`jhlijs rminjzichs she ilhkmrâl`ji cm hutris jlstjtujëýms lhs Mstichs ]ljchs, li Murhpi m lh Erisjn. Ituinomltm i JSI oiltêo suis itjvjcicms, hrkiljzilch `hlkrmsshs m ml`hltrhs lh omjh trilspmsshin. I cê`ici cm 14  ‐   Aé uo jl`rmomlth lhs `hlkrmsshs trilspmsshijs, tilth mo lòomrh quilth mo quinjcicm. Jlj`ji-sm uoi jltmlsi fism cm `hlshnjciëýms cm pmsqujsis chs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji. Cê`ici cm :4  ‐   Purkm uo fhrtm ohvjomlth cm vjl`uniëàh m jltrhcuëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lh omjh i`icâoj`h. Is prhcuëýms tmðrj`is chs omstrichs m chuthrichs `homëio i smcjomltir h piricjkoi trilspmsshin, cilch oirkmo ih jlï`jh cm uo cjénhkh mltrm `jâl`ji m mspjrjtuinjcicm. H Erisjn vhnti ä rhti cm jltmrmssm jltmrli`jhlin, smlch ms`hnajch piri smcjir h QV @hlkrmssh Jltmrli`jhlin cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, h`hrrjch li Ioizólji. 5444 - mo I vjrici ojnâljh ê oir`ici pmnhs ohvjomlths cm nmkjtjoiëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin åoejthchjltmrli`jhlin. I `hltrjeujëàh ch ir`iehuëh tmðrj`h trilspmsshin lh mstuch m prhohëýms cm uoi `unturi cm piz sàh `ici vmz oijs rm`hlam`jcis. Is pmsqujsis  pjhlmjris rminjzicis jshniciomltm `ho omstrms hrjmltijs kilaio oijhr sjstmoitjziëàh, smlch rmpnj`icis mo krilcms `mltrhs cm pmsqujsis. ]o chs krilcms mxmopnhs cmssm prh`mssh msté lhs cjénhkhs mltrm Hrjmltm m H`jcmltm prhohvjchs she hs iuspï`jhs cm Pui Piltjcicm Cinij Nioi.  Lmstms ml`hltrhs tmo pirtj`jpich uoi jomlsi kioi cm `jmltjstis jltmrmssichs mo `hltrjeujr `ho i ni`uli qum lhs tmo smpirich, smlch cmstiqum Ciljmn Khnmoil m Fril`js`h Virmni.  Lh `mlérjh jltmrli`jhlin tâo-sm lhtï`jis cm inkuls `mltrhs qum trieinaio `ho i mx`mnâl`ji ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lh åoejth cm fhroiëàh, pmsqujsi m mstuchs. I tïtunh cm rmfmrâl`ji „ml pissilc‟ tmohs2  tmohs2 

@MLSUHP CM FHUOIËÀH CMP@UJËÀH Issh`jitjhl fhr Auoiljstj` Fhrlm`m uo ïlcj`m cm jlstjtujëýms qum Tsy`ahnhky hfmrm`mo prhkriois cm mstuch lis érmis auoilïstj`i, mxjstml`jin m trilspmsshin, mo lïvmn cm kricuiëàh m pðs-kricuiëàh. Airvirc ]ljvmrsjty (M.].I.)   Lh `ursh cm nj`ml`jituri mo Tsj`hnhkji, hfmrm`m inkuois `icmjris `niriomltm jlsmrïvmjs luo quicrh auoiljsti, quilch làh trilspmsshin, `hoh2 Omltm/@êrmerh/@hophrtiomlth7 Oòsj`i m @êrmerh2 Fulciomlths Lmurhnðkj`hs ci Tmr`mpëàh m @hkljëàh ci Oòsj`i7 Umcms`herjlch i Omltm2 Pmojlérjh7 Oipis

 

cm Pjkljfj`iëýms2 Is Lirritjvis m i Umkuniëàh @hrtj`in ci Mohëàh, m Omoðrji m Joikjliëàh. Inêo cm uo `ursh kmrin cm Tsj`hnhkji emo mstruturich, hfmrm`m `icmjris mo sjlthlji `ho is pmsqujsis trilspmsshijs2 Phlh m

Ptilfhrc ]ljvmrsjty (M.].I.) 

Cuqumslm ]ljvmrsjty (M.].I.) 

Sam ]ljvmrsjty hf Irjzhli (M.].I.)  

Phlahs, m @hltrhnmcm Omltin. H Cmpirtiomlth Tsj`hnhkji hfmrm`m hs smkujltms `urshs cm `urti curiëàh, i smrmo ojljstrichs phr prhfmsshrms vjsjtiltms `hlsjcmrichs mspm`jinjstis cm rmlhom2 Tsj`hnhkji ci @rjitjvjcicm7 Tsj`hnhkji ci @hls`jâl`ji7 H Trh`mssh cm Jltmkriëàh ci Tmrshlinjcicm7 Smhrjis Mxjstml`jinjstis ch Pmr Auoilh, m Mxpnhriëàh Fmlhomlhnðkj`i ch Oulch-cm-Vjci ci @rjilëi. Trhohvm h mstuch ci @hls`jâl`ji cm ohch jltmkrin m mqujnjerich, mo érmis qum jl`numo

iisFjnhshfji, lmurh`jâl`jis, i Tsj`hnhkji `jâl`jis is`hkljtjvis, `jâl`jis fïsj`is mm  ejhnðkj`is, i @unturi m i Fmlhomlhnhkji. Ptitm ]ljvmrsjty hf [mst Kmhrkji H Cmpirtiomlth cm Tsj`hnhkji ms`hnamu (M.].I.)  h`upir-sm, inêo cm issulths oijs `hlvml`jhlijs, ch mstuch cm tmois mxjstml`jijs ci vjci psj`hnðkj`i, mstruturi ci `hls`jâl`ji, mspjrjtuinjcicm, mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs m pirilhroijs, rmiëýms i mstrmssm mxtrmoh, pmlsiomlth hrjmltin, mt`. Bhal Fjtzkmrinc Gmllmcy ]ljvmrsjty Hfmrm`m `urshs cm omstrich `ho tïtunhs sukmstjvhs, `hoh Mstuchs ci @hls`jâl`ji7 (M.].I.) 

]ljvmrsjty (M.].I.) 

hf

@injfhrlji,

Mcu`iëàh piri im Tsj`hnhkji Piòcm Ahnïstj`i7 Irtms Srilsfhroitjvis, Srilspmsshin.  Luo `ursh cm pðs-kricuiëàh mo Mstuchs Ahnïstj`hs, jl`nuj is smkujltms cjs`jpnjlis2 Tiricjkois ci @hls`jâl`ji7 Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin2 Srilsfhroilch h Pmnf7 Piòcm Ahnïstj`i2 @hrphrjfj`ilch h Pmnf7 @hls`jâl`ji m Smois Ph`jijs7 @hls`jâl`ji m @rjitjvjcicm, m H Pmnf lh Oulch2 Umvjtinjzilch @houljcicms m Nh`ijs cm Srieinah. Jrvjlm Pmu Cmpirtiomlth cm Tsjqujitrji m @hophrtiomlth Auoilh hfmrm`m oðcunhs cm fhroiëàh qum virjio frmqþmltmomltm,

 

 

Piyerhhg Kricuitm P`ahhn Umsmir`a @mltmr (M.].I.) 

mltrm hs quijs sm jl`nuïio li prhkrioiëàh cm 9::12 Smripjis Hrjmlticis piri h @rms`jomlth7 Jltrhcuëàh ä Ajplhsm @nïlj`i, m H Ml`hltrh ch H`jcmltm m ch Hrjmltm. ilc Hfmrm`m omstrich m chuthrich mo @jâl`jis Auoilis m mo Tsj`hnhkji, fh`injzilch

`niriomltm h mstuch ci mxpmrjâl`ji auoili.  Li érmi cm Tsj`hnhkji, sinjmltio-sm is smkujltms cjs`jpnjlis2 Tmlsiomlth @rïtj`h7 Tsj`hnhkji ci @hls`jâl`ji7 Cjomlsýms ci @rjitjvjcicm7 Ohcmnhs cm @hls`jâl`ji7 Tsj`hnhkjis Hrjmltijs7 Tsj`hnhkji ch Qioiljsoh7 Omtéfhri m @hoprmmlsàh Auoili7 Fmlhomlhnhkji, m @rïtj`i Fmlhomlhnðkj`i chs Pjstmois Tsj`hnðkj`hs. ]ljvmrsjty hf Aiwijj it Oilhi  Lh @ursh cm Tsj`hnhkji, hfmrm`m uoi u oi érmi cm (M.].I)  Tsj`hnhkji ci Tmrshlinjcicm/Srilspmsshin. ]ljvmrsjty hf Lmvici, Nis Vmkis I @étmcri Emkmnhw cm Mstuchs ci (M.].I.) 

@hls`jâl`ji mstichs cjssh`jitjvhs, `hls`jâl`ji iehrci li prhxjojcicm ci ohrtm, ii qumstàh ci mvmltuin shermvjvâl`ji pðsohrtm.  Lhrtamrl Jnnjlhjs ]ljvmrsjty ]ljvmrsjty (M.].I.)  H Cmpirtiomlth cm Tsj`hnhkji Mcu`i`jhlin, I`hlsmnaiomlth m Mcu`iëàh Mspm`jin hfmrm`m, mo prhkriois cm chuthriomlth, cjs`jpnjlis rmni`jhlicis `ho i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin m Auoiljsti, `hoh Ejhfmmcei`g mo I`hlsmnaiomlth mo Mcu`iëàh7 Smhrji ch I`hlsmnaiomlth Srilspmsshin7 Smripji Kmstint7 Tsj`hssïltmsm7 @rjitjvjcicm m HIprmlcjzikmo7 Mcu`iëàhm Srilspmsshin7 Inulh Pupmrchtich, Smhrji Ph`jin Auoiljsti Ipnj`ici ä Mcu`iëàh. ]ljvmrsjty hf Oissi`ausmtts I Fi`uncicm cm Mcu`iëàh hfmrm`m `ursh m Cirtohuta (M.].I.)  smojlérjh cm Mcu`iëàh Srilspmsshin.  Lirhpi ]ljvmrsjty (M.].I.)  Jlstjtujëàh cm jlspjriëàh eucjsti, rm`hlam`jci hfj`jinomltm, hfmrm`m kricuiëàh mo Tsj`hnhkji @hltmopnitjvi, Tsj`hnhkji Phoétj`i m Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. Jlstjtutm hf Srilspmrshlin Tsy`ahnhky Trhkriois cm `mrtjfj`iëàh mo Tsj`hnhkji (M.].I.)  Srilspmsshin, mo ehi pirtm itrivês ci Jltmrlmt m she i fhroi cm smojlérjhs. Iehrci is smkujltms érmis2 Mxprmssàh @rjitjvi7

 

Tsj`hnhkji Mspjrjtuin7 Mstuchs Srilspmsshijs7 I`hlsmnaiomlth piri h Emo-mstir m @hls`jâl`ji Omltm-@hrph, m Cmsmlvhnvjomlth Mspjrjtuin ci Ounamr. ]ljvmrsjtê cu Yuêem` ä Ohltrmin - Hfmrm`m, lh quicrh cm uoi nj`ml`jituri mo ]YIO (@ilicé)  Tsj`hnhkji (ei``iniurêit  (ei``iniurêit ), ), is smkujltms cjs`jpnjlis2 CmsmlvhnvjomlthTsj`hnhkji Ifmtjvh chAuoiljsti7 Icunth7 Tsj`hnhkji Auoiljsti m Jltmrvmlëàh7 Smois Mspm`jijs mo Tsj`hnhkji Auoiljsti7 Iehrcikmls Fmlhomlhnðkj`is, m Jlcjvïcuh @rjitjvh m Srmjlh cm @rjitjvjcicm. Njvmrphhn Bhal Ohhrms ]ljvmrsjty Hfmrm`m cjpnhois m `mrtjfj`ichs cm pðs(Jlknitmrri)  kricuiëàh mo @hls`jâl`ji m Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. Sam ]ljvmrsjty (Ms`ð`ji) 

hf

Mcjleurka Smo uoi `étmcri cm Tiripsj`hnhkji, cmcj`ici ih mstuch cm fmlóomlhs  pirilhroijs m chs jltmrcjs`jpnjlir, smus om`iljsohsêtj`i luoim ðtj`i auoiljsti, mqujnjerici.

Jophrtiltm sinjmltir qum lis jlfhroiëýms `jticis, hs jlòomrhs `mltrhs fhroichrms iutólhohs làh fhrio `hltmopnichs, cmsti`iohs ipmlis hs `mltrhs njkichs i uljvmrsjcicms h qum mvjcml`ji h nhlkh in`il`m cm prhpikiëàh ci iehrcikmo trilspmsshin ä omcjci qum hesmrviohs h `rms`mltm iuomlth ch lòomrh cm tmripmutis fhroichs phr jlstjtjëýms mspm`jinjzicis. 9.9.5. Uiïzms ajstðrj`is lh Erisjn Is tricj`jhlijs ms`hnis murh-iomrj`ilis ijlci sàh chojliltms lh mxmr`ï`jh ci psj`hnhkji  pétrji. Lh mltilth, iuthrms `hoh Iukris (9:10), Kðjs (9::0), @iophs (9::;) cmsti`io qum i cjvmrsjcicm `unturin cm uo phvh làh phcm smr lmknjkml`jici quilch sm prhpým i prhcuëàh cm uo siemr. Lmstm smltjch, `hoh phcm uoi psj`hnhkji jlsmrjci mo uo `hltmxth `unturin cm  pnurinjcicm, `hoh ê h Erisjn, cms`irtir cms`irtir hs ispm`ths mspjrjtuijs hu ch sikrich cm smu phvh8 Smhrjis qum eus`io mxpnj`ir i rminjcicm psj`hnðkj`i erisjnmjri cmvmo mstir itrmnicis äs virjévmjs sð`jh-`unturijs. Lmstm `mlérjh, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin eus`i rmskitir h vïl`unh mltrm is tricjëýms phpunirms m h siemr i`icâoj`h, phssjejnjtilch uoi iopnjiëàh cis nmjturis iprmsmlticis piri mstms fmlóomlhs ih tmoph mo qum hfmrm`m uo iopnh `mlérjh cm mxpmrjâl`jis quåltj`is lh `ioph ahnhkréfj`h.  Li mstmjri cmssm mltmlcjomlth, h Erisjn `hlstjtuj-sm uo chs piïsms qum lis pinivris cm Oiths (9::5) tmo „uo ei`gkrhulc   mspm`jfj`iomltm trilspmsshin‟, nhkh ê cm sm mspmrir i rjqumzi cm suis prhcuëýms prhcuë ýms lmsti érmi, emo `hoh smu jltmrmssm phr mstm „ipprhi`a „ ipprhi`a   `jmltïfj`h ahnïstj`h piri i vjci‟. Lh mltilth, h omch m h prm`hl`mjth ijlci tâo -sm fmjth prmsmltms, `rjilch hesté`unhs lmstm rioh rioh cm pmsqujsi, h qum cjfj`unti i mxpilsàh cmssi fhroi cm `hlam`jo `hlam`jomlth. mlth.

 

  Phe h rðtunh cm intmrlitjvjcicm tâo sjch phstis eirrmjris jcmhnðkj`is m phnïtj`is qum cjfj`untio h prh`mssh cm pmsqujsi. Is rmsjstâl`jis prhcuzjcis pmnh phu`h i`mssh äs jlfhroiëýms `hltjcis lis ejenjhkrifjis mxprmssio oijs i cjfj`uncicm cm cjvunkiëàh cm nmjturis mspm`jinjzicis ch qum prhprjiomltm uoi `rïtj`i tmðrj`i ih rmfmrjch tmoi. Smohs oijs ipmkhs jcmhnðkj`hs ch qum itjtucm `jmltïfj`i, oiljfmstilch-sm oijs `hoh uo picràh cm rmsjstâl`ji m omlhs `hoh iprhfulciomlth `in`ich mo rmfmrmltms `jmltjfj`iomltm sjstmoitjzichs. TPJY]Ê MLSUI MO SUILPM MO ]O EUIPJN TN]UIN  Lis cjstjltis vmrtmltms cm psj`hnhkji tmo-sm hesmrvich, ä mx`mëàh ci psj`hnhkji sh`jin/`houljtérji, uoi lmkiëàh quilth ih mstuch chs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji m rmnmkich ihs iltrhpðnhkhs, sh`jðnhkhs, ajsthrjichrms m rmnjkjhshs, uoi jomlsi kioi cm fmlóomlhs qum sm emlmfj`jirjio cm uo hnair psj`hnðkj`h.  Lh vjês psj`hnhkji sh`jin/`houljtérji ê phr cmoijs vinhrici i jophrtål`ji chs rjtuijs oékj`h/rmnjkjhshs, `ho âlfism liqumnms qum usio h trilsm piri h mqujnïerjh cis rmniëýms `houljtérjis. Tijs m Oàms-cm-Pilth, mspïrjtis, smlsjtjvhs m rmzicmjris ful`jhlio `hoh tmripmutis phpunirms qum `hopirtjnaio `ðcjkhs njlkþïstj`hs iprhxjoichs, h qum fi`jnjti i mfj`é`ji cm suis jltmrvmlëýms 95  `hoh ikmltms cm njkiëàh mltrm is lm`mssjcicms oijs jlcjvjcuinjzicis i cjomlsàh trils`mlcmltm. H phrquâ mcmssi mfj`é`ji8 Yuin h pipmn ch trilsm, hu mstich iopnjich cm `hls`jâl`ji8 H qum ê h trilsm m quijs is suis rmpmr`ussýms psj`hnðkj`is8 Yuin h pipmn ch sikrich lh cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji8 Yuin h jopi`th chs sjstmois cm `rmlëis rmnjkjhsis m chs mstichs iopnjichs sherm h cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci pmrshlinjcicm8 Mstis sàh qumstýms qum eus`io rmsphstis. M i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin tmo eus`ich rmsphlcâ-nis, `hltrjeujlch lh mstiemnm`jomlth cm uoi phltm mltrm i i`icmoji m hs sjstmois cm `uri cis `ioicis phpunirms. CHP SMUUMJUHP TIUI I I@ICMOJI2 TPJY]Ê E]P@I MPTIËH I mltrici ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lh Erisjn cmu-sm phr trâs vjis prjl`jpijs2 i) Iëàh jlcjvjcuin hu vji chs pjhlmjrhs e) Ohvjomlth Thpunir m `houljcicms tmripâutj`is hu vji intmrlitjvi m `) Hfj`jin hu vji i`icâoj`i.  Li prjomjri vji, tjvmohs psj`ðnhkhs `ho fhroiëàh i`icâoj`i tricj`jhlin m qum oiltjlaio suis itjvjcicms cmltrh cmstm mlfhqum, ois qum mo suis vjcis prjvicis tjvmrio mxpmrjâl`jis cm mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji hu oiltjlaio inkuo `hltith `ho tricjëýms mspjrjtuijs qum usivio h trilsm `hoh `iojlah cm `uri. Msti vji mri kmrinomltm ioejvinmltm m cj`htóoj`i, phjs hs picrýms cm `rmlëis, vjsýms cm ahomo m oulch ci psj`hnhkji hfj`jin mx`nuïio quinqumr phssjejnjcicm cm jl`nusàh ch sikrich, cm fhroi qum i rmprmssàh m i lmkiëàh mrio hs om`iljsohs oijs `houls piri njcir `ho mstms fmlóomlhs. Mo lhssi mxpmrjâl`ji, `hoh fhroichrms, ml`hltriohs inulhs m prhfmsshrms qum li i`icmoji oiltjlaio h cjs`ursh cm hphsjëàh ci „psj`hnhkji hfj`jin‟ frmltm ihs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, ois qum mrio vjsths mo trilsm lhs tmrrmjrhs hu `mltrhs mspïrjtis7 mlquilth hutrhs, phr issuojrmo oijs iemrtiomltm suis vjsýms cm oulch, shfrjio prmssýms, iemrti hu suenjojliromltm, phr pirtm chs `hnmkis i`icâoj`hs. 95

 H trieinah cm Ohffit (9:13) li Irkmltjli fhj pjhlmjrh lmsti érmi.

 

@hltuch, pjhlmjrhs momrkjrio m `homëirio i jltrhcuzjr nmltiomltm hs mstuchs chs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji mo smus trieinahs, emo `hoh tmltirio mqujnjerir suis vjsýms cm oulch `ho hs ohcmnhs cm psj`hnhkji bé prmsmltms m rm`hlam`jchs mo lhssi `unturi, vinm sinjmltir iquj h `hltith `ho is tmhrjis cm Bulk `hoh tmltitjvi cm prmsmrvirmo suis jcmltjcicms  prhfjssjhlijs hu cm oiltmrmo i `houlj`iëàh iemrti `ho i i`icmoji. Msti vji mri oir`ici phr uo ohvjomlth jlcjvjcuin m làh sjstmoitjzich hlcm i oir`i ch sjkjnh prhfjssjhlin, tioeêo ml`herji vinhrms,quilth `rmlëisimlm`mssjcicm prjl`jpinomltm hs prjl`ïpjhs suebi`mltms i itjvjcicm prhfjssjhlin. Làh aivji `nirmzi cm `hnmtjvir is mxpmrjâl`jis vjvml`jicis lh ioejmltm prjvich, phjs mstis `hnh`ivio mo rjs`h h piricjkoi chojliltm `rjilch uoi tmlsàh `ho hs pirms cm prhfjssàh, `hnh`ilch mo rjs`h i iuth-joikmo cmstms  psj`ðnhkhs.  Lmstm `iojlah tioeêo tjvmohs hs cmserivichrms ‑nhu`hs cm siemchrji‚  siemchrji‚ , iqumnms qum iemrti m cmnjemriciomltm sm hpulaio ihs ohcmnhs chojliltms, rmsjstjlch eriviomltm äs tmltitjvis cm mlquicriomlth jlstjtu`jhlin m nutilch piri jopniltirmo smus pmlsiomlths jlhvichrms.  Li smkulci vji, tjvmohs i jlfnuâl`ji chs trieinahs mo kruph bulth ihs ohvjomlths  phpunirms m äs `houljcicms tmripâutj`is, iquj ahuvm oir`iciomltm uoi jlfnuâl`ji ch ml`hltrh `ho h auoiljsoh rhkmrjilh m hs ohvjomlths cm `hltri`unturi momrkmltms ci cê`ici cm 64. Tsj`ðnhkhs njkichs ihs ohvjomlths phpunirms mlkibiomlth phnïtj`hjcmhnðkj`h (psj`hnhkji m pmcikhkji ch hprjojch) hu smbi phr itrivês vïl`unhschrmnjkjhshs (tmhnhkji ci njemrtiëàh, ohvjomlth mspjrjtuinjsti rmml`irli`jhljsti), eus`ivio cjsphljejnjzir, jlfhroinomltm, rm`urshs tmripâutj`hs piri fivhrm`mr h cmsmlvhnvjomlth chs kruphs m `ho jssh `rjir uo ioejmltm fi`jnjtichr qum mstiemnm`mssm uo vïl`unh cmoh`rétj`h mltrm hs siemrms ci  psj`hnhkji m hs cis `nissms phpunirms. H ioejmltm `houljtérjh, cm iemrturi m mxpilsàh, phssjejnjtivi uoi oms`ni cm cjs`ussàh  phnïtj`i-jcmhnðkj`i `ho is prétj`is rmnjkjhsis prðprjis cis `houljcicms. Mri phssïvmn mo uo ml`hltrh cjs`utjrmo-sm prhenmois cm smkurilëi pòenj`i m vjhnâl`ji m vjvml`jir cjlåoj`is cm kruph qum kmrivio `hlfjilëi m ih fjlin hrir m `iltir pmcjlch prhtmëàh i Cmus hu ihs Hrjxés.  Làh aivji tàh jltmlsiomltm i cj`hthoji ci prjomjri vji, phjs lh omjh phpunir i cjvjsàh mltrm h sikrich m h prhfilh ijlci làh tjlai sm moeisich m is mxpmrjâl`jis ch sikrich làh shfrjio mx`nusàh m mrio vjstis `hoh prétj`is liturijs pmnhs psj`ðnhkhs mlkibichs lmstms ohvjomlths. H i`hopilaiomlth chs ohvjomlths phpunirms m is nutis `hltri is cms`rjojliëýms  phssjejnjtivio ihs psj`ðnhkhs uo mlkibiomlth itjvh li vjci `houljtérji m jsth `hlcuzji ih `hltith `ho is prétj`is cm `uri phpunir, vjstis `hoh uo i`mrvh cm rjqumzi il`mstrin ountj`mltmlérji m làh `hoh prétj`is „prjojtjvis cm`hrrmltms ch pmlsiomlth oékj`h‟. I tmltitjvi cm mxpnj`jtir hs prh`msshs cm chojliëàh m i nuti cm `nissms prmsmltms lhs ohcmnhs cm  psj`hnhkji jophrtichs mstivio mxprmssis li vinhrjziëàh ch siemr phpunir. Hutrh krilcm kruph, lmsti vji, mri fhroich phr psj`ðnhkhs qum tjvmrio hphrtuljcicm cm `hlti`tir jl nh`h `ho nh`h `ho is `houljcicms hrjmltijs hu qum mstivio eistiltm jlfnuml`jichs pmni vjci mo hrkiljziëàh `hnmtjvi oijs prmsmltms li Ioêrj`i ch Lhrtm m li Murhpi. H mstjnh cm vjci hrjmltin, `ho hs smus ohcmnhs cm jltmkriëàh omltm m `hrph, qum jl`nuïio prétj`is cm yhki, omcjtiëàh, rmspjriëàh `hlcuzjci, vjsuinjziëýms li eus`i phr njemriëàh cm picrýms lmkitjvhs cm `hophrtiomlth phssjejnjtivio ihs psj`ðnhkhs uoi prjomjri tmltitjvi cm jltmkriëàh cm sui vjsàh cm oulch, cm fhroi qum oujths sm mlkibirio lmstms ohvjomlths.

 

Is `houljcicms tmripâutj`is pmrojtjio i mxprmssàh m mxpnhriëàh luo ioejmltm i`hnamchr chs phtml`jijs auoilhs m cis vjvâl`jis chs omtivinhrms prhphsths phr Oisnhw. Cmstis mxpmrjâl`jis surkju uo jomlsh lòomrh cm tê`lj`is cm mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji. @hltuch, h `irétmr jlfhroin pmroilm`ji jlmrmltm. Aivji uoi prmh`upiëàh oijhr mo phssjejnjtir `rms`jomlth ihs kruphs m ihs jlcjvïcuhs ch qum `hopirtjnair mstis mxpmrjâl`jis lhs omjhs i`icâoj`hs, kmrinomltm vjsths `hoh njojtichs m njojtiltms hu `hoh ipirmnahs cm `hltrhnm ch mstich mIcioiturjcicm sh`jmcicm, cm phrtilth rmprmsshrms prh`msshs cm mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji. uoi tmhrji, `hohchsiphlti [jnemr, ipuc P`htthl, @ajlml m Eitjsti (9::6), vmo ch jltmr`åoejh `ho hutris fhrois cm piricjkois, cm ohch qum i mltrici li i`icmoji, mspiëh cm `jr`uniëàh piricjkoétj`h, thrli-sm uoi lm`mssjcicm piri nmkjtjoiëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, itê phrqum hs pisshs cmssm cmsmlvhnvjomlth h`hrrmo omsoh ä rmvmnji, ijlci qum she hs „itmlths hnahs‟ ci rmfmrâl`ji `irtmsjili cm pmr`mpëàh ch smr lh oulch. Tjhlmjrhs ci psj`hnhkji erisjnmjri, `hoh Tjmrrm [mjn, nilëirio is prjomjris tmltitjvis cm jl`nusàh ci trilspmsshin li i`icmoji, cilch lis`jomlth ä tmr`mjri vji. Msti vji vmo smlch pmr`hrrjci phr uo jomlsh lòomrh cm psj`ðnhkhs trilspmsshijs qum  eus`io lmstm jltmr`åoejh h rm`hlam`jomlth sð`jh-phnïtj`h-jcmhnðkj`h lm`mssérjh piri uo cjénhkh làh oirkjlin `ho is hutris iehrcikmls, ih omsoh tmoph mo qum iermo mspiëh piri  pmsqujsi m fhroiëàh cmltrh cmsti iehrcikmo. I oiturjcicm tmðrj`i icqujrjci lisiscuis òntjoiscmcê`icis, tmo  phssjejnjtich h moeisiomlth lm`mssérjh pmni piri trilspmsshin, h `hltith `ho cjfmrmlëis piricjkois, mlquilth is pmsqujsis li érmi chs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji tâo `rms`jch i`mnmriciomltm m kilah rmspinch, jl`nusjvm chs ohljthriomlths `ici vmz oijs shfjstj`ichs ch `êrmerh, m jsth tmo fivhrm`jch uo hnair cm i`mjtiëàh phr pirtm ch pmlsiomlth uljvmrsjtérjh. @hltuch, ijlci qum h `irétmr ci „nhu`i „nhu`i siemchrji‟ siemchrji‟90  m ci jrrmvmrâl`ji chs tmðrj`hs trilspmsshijs cis prjomjris kmriëýms shfrio rmstrjëýms lh `hltith `ho i i`icmoji, ‑i ‑ i nhu`uri chs mstichs iopnjichs‚ iopnjichs‚ mstiré nhlkm cm smr njojtici m `hltjluiré `hltjl uiré `hoh oir`i ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. H `hltith `ho h ir`iehuëh tmðrj`h vmj`unich lis ms`hnis ch H`jcmltm, prjl`jpinomltm, lhs `hlcuz cjrmtiomltm ih filtisoi ci jlstjtu`jhlinjziëàh m cm smus om`iljsohs cm `hltrhnm. @hltuch, i jopmroilâl`ji, uo chs `hl`mjths `mltrijs ci tmhrji trilspmsshin, `hnh`i-sm `hoh uo om`iljsoh iuthrmkunichr cm cjsshnuëàh, hu smbi, i mxpilsàh m i `hlshnjciëàh jlstjtu`jhlin lm`mssérji i msti fism cm jopniltiëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin tmràh qum sm cjsshnvmr, cilch `hltjlujcicm i lhvhs prh`msshs cm iemrturi m surkjomlth cm lhvis fhrois cm smr-lh-oulch. TIJP EUIPJNMJUHP EUIPJNMJUHP TIU TIUI I TPJY]Ê M ]O TH]@H OIJP C CM M AJPSÐUJI  Li psj`hnhkji erisjnmjri chjs lhoms cmsti`iocmsti`io-sm sm `hoh hs „pijs‟ ci psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin2 h prjomjrh ê h cm Tjmrrm [mjn, qum inêo cm tmr sjch pjhlmjrh li jltrhcuëàh ci tmhrji trilspmsshin pmr`hrrmu lh jlï`jh vérjis rmkjýms ch piïs cjvunkilch m ilul`jilch h surkjomlth cmssi lhvi ms`hni lh oulch i`icâoj`h7 itê ahbm itui `ho `hltrjeujëàh tmðrj`i jlmstjoévmn, emo `hoh ohlthu `mltrhs fhroichrms mspinaichs phr thch Erisjn m uoi

90

 I mxprmssàh „nhu`i siemchrji‟ ê usici phr @aökyio Srulkpi (5443, ojomh) piri jlcj`ir h ush cm mstritêkjis cm pmlsir pðs-`hlvml`jhlijs.

 

uljvmrsjcicm93 mo Erisïnji. H smkulch ê Nêh Oiths qum jlfnuml`jhu jltmlsiomltm i fhroiëàh cis prjomjris kmriëýms cm psj`htmripmutis trilspmsshijs, inêo cm tmr iemrth, `ho smus `urshs li Ïlcji, uo `ilin cm `houlj`iëàh `ho is psj`hnhkjis hrjmltijs. H nmviltiomlth ajstðrj`h ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lh Erisjn làh sm ml`hltri iopniomltm mxphsth, aibi vjsti i jomlsi quiltjcicm cm mvmlths qum vâo h`hrrmlch lh piïs. I smkujr phltuirmohs hs prjl`jpijs fiths qum sm `hlstjtuïrio mo oir`h piri i cjvunkiëàh m `hlshnjciëàh Tsj`hnhkji 9:;1 -ci Inêo cm smr Srilspmsshin. `rjich i JSI, curiltm h Yuirth @hlkrmssh Jltmrli`jhlin, li `jcicm cm Emnh Ahrjzhltm, fhj fulcilch mo cmzmoerh H KHLTH - Jlstjtuth Erisjnmjrh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, h quin prhohvmu „i cjvunkiëàh, pmsqujsi `jmltïfj`i, trmjliomlth, vérjhs `urshs m `hlfmrâl`jis‟ (Oiths, 9::5, p.90), ml`mrrilch suis itjvjcicms mo ikhsth cm 9:13. 9:1= - Fhj fulcici pmnh erisjnmjrh Cr. Nêh Oiths, i Issh`jiëàh Erisjnmjri cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin (IETS) qum ful`jhli mo `hlvâljh `ho i Issh`jiëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ci Fjlnålcji, Puhoml Srilspmrshliinjsml Tsyghnhkjil Pmuri, (PSTP). 9::5 - I IETS, bultiomltm `ho i PSTP, hrkiljzhu h @hlkrmssh Jltmrli`jhlin cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin (JJ.. Ojcljkat Pul Jltmrli`jhlin Tsy`ahnhky Srilspmrshlin @hlfmrml`m), rminjzich li Fjlnålcji mo bulah cm 9::5. 9::6 - Uminjzich pmni JSI, li `jcicm cm Oilius, i QV @hlfmrâl`ji Srilspmsshin 9= Jltmrli`jhlin, `ho iopni rmpmr`ussàhi Tsj`hnhkji li`jhlin m jltmrli`jhlin. [mjn (oïomh ), ajsthrjilch Srilspmsshin lh Erisjn, cmsti`i i jophrtål`ji ci fhroiëàh cis sh`jmcicms trilspmsshijs `hoh rm`urshs cm fhroiëàh chs prhfjssjhlijs m ðrkàhs cm pmsqujsi, `hoh phcm smr vjsth i smkujr2

„]oi ( sh`jmcicm  sh`jmcicm96) ê i ISIP, oijs njkici i Ptiljsniv Krhf, m Issh`jiëàh Srilspmsshin ci Ioêrj`i ch Pun. Oijs rm`mltmomltm, msté smlch `rjici bulth `ho hs  phrtukumsms, uoi issh`jiëàh cm nïlkui phrtukumsi qu qumm ê i IN]EUIS - Issh`jiëàh 9; Nush-Erisjnmjri cm Srilspmsshin . Mxjstm tioeêo, `rjici phr Nêh Oiths, uoi Issh`jiëàh Erisjnmjri cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, m aé oujths jlstjtuths cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, inêo cm uoi „Umcm Ahnhs‟, `rjici phr lhssi ]ljvmrsjcicm, qum ê uoi rmcm ahnïstj`i.‟  ahnïstj`i.‟  Ijlci li cê`ici cm :4, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lh Erisjn, issjo `hoh mo lïvmn jltmrli`jhlin, eus`i nmkjtjoir `ici vmz oijs smu `hltith `ho i i`icmoji. Mstrmjtilch niëhs `ho h `ioph cm pmsqujsi. Aé uo iuomlth lh lòomrh cm `hlkrmsshs m ml`hltrhs `jmltïfj`hs, hebmtjvilch h rm`hlam`jomlth ci trilspmsshin itrivês ci cjvunkiëàh cm mxpmrjâl`jis m vjvâl`jis jopnmomltilch iopni pmlmtriëàh mltrm is iehrcikmls psj`hnðkj`is tricj`jhlijs.  Lhs prjomjrhs ilhs cm 5444 aé uo jl`rmomlth lis mstritêkjis cm nmkjtjoiëàh ci trilspmsshin. @rjhu-sm mo vérjhs Mstichs Mstichs „is rmcms trilspmsshijs‟, qum eus`io irtj`unir is cjvmrsis njcmrilëis i lïvmn li`jhlin, iopnjilch is trh`is cm jlfhroiëýms m fivhrm`mlch hs cjénhkhs mltrm is ikâl`jis fhroichris, prhfjssjhlijs m @hlsmnahs cm Tsj`hnhkji. 93

 ]ljvmrsjcicm Jltmrli`jhlin Ahnïstj`i ci Tiz.  Tinmstri trils`rjti ci `hlfmrâl`ji ch JQ @hlkrmssh Jltmrli`jhlin cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ch JSI mo

9=

Oilius, 9::6. 96

 Jl`nusàh rminjzici pmnhs iuthrms cmstm trieinah. @rjici ipðs i rminjziëàh ci QV @hlfmrâl`ji Srilspmsshin Jltmrli`jhlin.

9;

 

 Lh ohvjomlth tilspmsshin erisjnmjrh vâo sm cmsti`ilch li rminjziëàh cm `urshs cm fhroiëàh mo Tsj`hnhkji m Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin2 Kjsnijlm C‚Issuoëàh (OK), Vmri Pincilai (PT), Uhemrth @rmoi (CF), Kmrirch @iopili (IN), Lhroi Hnjvmjri (PM), Cêehri Ilcricm m Oirnhs Emzmrri (UL), Njgi Yumjrhz, Ilcrê Tmjxjlahs, Oérjh Uhcrjkumz Ujssh, Smci Eissh m Ijcci Tustjnljg (EI), Pusil Ilcrmws (PT). Pinjmltiohs i cmcj`iëàh cm oujths hutrhs prhfjssjhlijs qum, bultiomltm `ho äqumnms qum `hlfmrmo fhroiëàh, `hniehrilch i cjvunkiëàh ohvjomlth prhohvmlch trilspmsshin lh Erisjn,`urshs itrivêscmcm rmkjstrh vâo m mcjthriëàh ch `ho ir`iehuëh tmðrj`h ch trilspmsshin,  pinmstris, whrsahps whrsahps,, `hoh Ojgnhs Eurkumr (EI)7 prhfjssjhlijs qum nm`jhlio lis uljvmrsjcicms jltrhcuzjlch msti iehrcikmo, `hoh ê h `ish cm Fétjoi Sivirms (UL) qum luoi jlj`jitjvi  pjhlmjri jl`nuju i Tsj`hnhkji Silspmsshin `hoh cjs`jpnjli m mo supmrvjsàh cm mstékjh li érmi `nïlj`i. Ci omsoi fhroi oml`jhliohs Oér`ji Siehllm m Mnjili Emrthnu``j `ho smus trieinahs  pjhlmjrhs cm jl`nusàh ccii trilspmsshin lh `hltmxth uljvmrsjtérjh. Lh qum cjz rmspmjth ä `hlmxàh ci trilspmsshin `ho h oulch i`icâoj`h cmsti`iohs, ijlci, hs smkujltms `mltrhs fhroichrms 912 @MLSUHP CM FHUOIËÀH CMP@UJËÀH ]ljvmrsjcicm Msticuin cm @iopjlis  ‐   H Niehritðrjh cm Tsj`hnhkji Kmlêtj`i jl`nuj ]LJ@IOT

cuis njlais cm pmsqujsi `hopnmomltirms piri i fhroiëàh ch prhfmsshr m rmniëýms jltmrpmsshijs li ms`hni, `ho eism lh  psj`hcrioi m Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. ]ljvmrsjcicm Msté`jh cm Pé  ‐   Ujh cm @ursh cm Mxtmlsàh2 Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin Bilmjrh. m Tsj`ilénjsm - Pmomnailëis m Cjfmrmlëis ]ljvmrsjcicm Msticuin Vinm ch Hfmrm`m `urshs cm mspm`jinjziëàh m pðsI`iriò ‐  I`iriò  ‐  ]VI ‐   ]VI ‐  Pherin,  Pherin, @M. kricuiëàh nith smlsu mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. ]ljvmrsjcicm ch Vinm ch Ujh chs Qioiljsoh7 Umkrmssàh cm Omoðrji7 Fïsj`i Pjlhs - ]LJPJLHP - Pàh Nmhphnch, Yuåltj`i m Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin7 UP  Tsj`hnhkji Hrjmltin, Fjnhshfji m Umnjkjàh7

Intmrichs cm @hls`jâl`ji7 Ahnjsoh Kruph cm Mstuchs Srilspmsshijs mMstichs Piòcm7 I @hls`jâl`ji cm ]ljcicm7 (KMSPJLHP)  Srilscjs`jpnjlirjcicm m Mcu`iëàh. pðs-kricuiëàh  nith smlsu, smlsu, `ho @mltrh Tsj`htmrépj`h m Srilspmsshin @ursh cm pðs-kricuiëàh  (@TS)  ‐  Khjålji,   Khjålji, KH. Mspm`jinjziëàh `mrtjfj`ich huthrkich pmni ]ljvmrsjcicm mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin Ipnj`ici. @itðnj`i cm Khjés. ]ljvmrsjcicm Fmcmrin cm Pmrkjpm  ‐   @ursh cm Fhroiëàh m Ipmrfmjëhiomlth mo Trð-Umjthrji cm Mxtmlsàh m Issulths Tsj`hnhkji m Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin. @houljtérjhs. Fâljx  ‐   @mltrh cm Cmsmlvhnvjomlth Srilspmsshin. 91

 Sioeêo iquj làh cmsti`iohs hs `mltrhs fhroichrms làh vjl`unichs ä ]ljvmrsjcicm, m qum, `hoh li Tsj`ilénjsm, `hopýmo uo krilcm `hltjlkmltm fhroichr cm prhfjssjhlijs. prhfjssjhlijs.

 

   Lh lhrcmstm ijlci sinjmltiohs hs prhfjssjhlijs iuthrms cmstm njvrh qum vâo ojljstrilch `urshs tmðrj`h-prétj`hs cm fhroiëàh mo Tsj`hnhkji m Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin cmscm 9::0. Nmoeriohs lmssm `mlérjh i pirtj`jpiëàh ci psj`ðnhki Mnly Eilgs qum, itrivês cm smu `ursh cm fhroiëàh mo Tsj`hnhkji ci Krivjcmz, Tirth m Tumrpêrjh, tmo `hltrjeuïch `ho i Srilspmsshin ih jltrhcuzjr is `irthkrifjis ci `hls`jâl`ji cm Krhf, mxpnj`jtilch i cjlåoj`i pmrjlitin. 9:

 Lh ilh cm 5444,Srilspmsshin uo kruph cm lh hjthlhrcmstm psj`ðnhkhs trilspmsshijs pmrlioeu`ilhs eus`ilch `hlshnjcir i Tsj`hnhkji rmuljrio-sm fhroilch h ISOIL ‐  ISOIL  ‐ , @mltrh  @mltrh cm Cmsmlvhnvjomlth Srilspmsshin, `ho fjlinjcicms tmripâutj`is, cm mstuchs m cm pmsqujsis. 9.5. Hebmth cm mstuch „I shnuëàh ê i `hls`jâl`ji m mni `rms`m mo mspjrijs.‟  mspjrijs.‟   - Bi`g Ghrlfjmnc I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin h`upi-sm ci `hls`jâl`ji auoili m chs smus cjvmrshs lïvmjs cm oiljfmstiëàh. Pmlch, phrtilth, i `hls`jâl`ji h hebmth cm mstuch ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, jltmrmssi-nam thci cmlhojlichs m quinqumr mxprmssàh ch `hophrtiomlth auoilh, lhs ispm`thsm tricj`jhlinomltm `hoh `hls`jmltm, jl`hls`jmltm, `hoh tilth supmr`hls`jmltm supri`hls`jmltm. Cm`hophlch h tmroh `hls`jâl`ji, tmohs2 `ho (prmphsjëàh jlcj`ilch rmniëàh cm njkiëàh) oijs h tmroh ch nitjo P`jml`ji (siemr). Mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin mssm siemr làh sm rmstrjlkm ipmlis ih qum sm pissi mo lðs, phjs làh ê vmj`unich ulj`iomltm ä iprmmlsàh ch mu pmrjfêrj`h qum rmsphlcm ihs `jl`h smltjchs, ois iopnji-sm m sm mstmlcm i rminjcicms oijhrms, ieir`ilch uo `ioph oijs iopnh cm thchs hs `hltjlkmltms ch Pmr-lh-oulch. @hoh `jâl`ji, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin làh vjsi ipmlis äqumnms `hltmòchs ci omltm  pmrtjlmltms ih lïvmn psj`hcjlåoj`h (rmnitjvh ä ejhkrifji ch jlcjvïcuh) lhs mstichs usuijs cm `hls`jâl`ji7 vij oijs inêo, ivmrjkuilch m cjomlsjhlilch `hltmòchs cm lïvmjs oijs prhfulchs, `hoh hs cm vjci jltri-utmrjli (pmrjlitijs), omoðrjis itrjeuïcis i mxpmrjâl`jis mxpmrjâl`ji s cm „vjcis  pissicis‟, vjvâl`jis irqumtïpj`is, pmr`mpëàh cm uljcicm `ðsoj`i, mstich cm âxtism, m thci i mxpmrjâl`ji auoili prhvmljmltm cm sui cjlåoj`i jltmrjhr. Ipmsir ch `rms`mltm jltmrmssm surkjch lhs ilhs 64 pmnhs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, ijlci làh mxjstm uoi tmhrji `hopnmti, cm fith, mo thrlh ci liturmzi ci prðprji mxjstâl`ji m jophrtål`ji ci `hls`jâl`ji, h qum `hltjlui smlch uoi qumstàh cjfï`jn m `hopnmxi. Cmsvinhrjzici lhs sjstmois ch H`jcmltm, m supmrvinhrjzici lis iehrcikmls hrjmltijs  ‐  Vmcilti   Vmcilti (ajlcuïsoh),  Cairoigiji  Cairoigiji   (eucjsoh), i `hls`jâl`ji làh h`upi cmvjciomltm h jltmrmssm `jmltïfj`h lhs mstuchs `hlvml`jhlijs ci psjqum, `hlfhrom phltuio [insa m Viukail (9::0). Mo qum pmsm, jl`nusjvm, h fith chs tmrohs `hl`mjtuijs `hls`jmltm m jl`hls`jmltm smrmo `hlam`jchs, jlvmstjkichs m mstucichs m h`upirmo uo „nh`in‟ lh „tmrrjtðrjh‟ ch siemr 9:

  I cricm m Vålji Iriòbh, mo 5440 mstm kruph fhj i`rms`jch pmni mltrici cm Icrjili Chrlmnis, In`jnmjcm Hnjvmjri,

Ilcrmzi Vjmjri, Ålkmni Chrlmnis, Chrlmnis, Fétjoi Uiphsh, Lizjnci @hmnah, @hmnah, Uòeji Smlðrjh m Si`jili Chrlmnis. Chrlmnis.

 

 psj`hnðkj`h, i `hls`jâl`ji sð fhj mlfitjzici oijs cmtinaiciomltm phr [jnnjil Bioms m @. K. Bulk. I`rmcjtiohs qum jssh fhj `hlsmqþâl`ji cis cjvmrkâl`jis cm `hl`mpëàh cis fjnhshfjis hrjmltin m h`jcmltin qum mstiemnm`mo uo ajith lh mltmlcjomlth m li iprmmlsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji `hoh fithr cm siòcm, mqujnïerjh m mvhnuëàh ch smr auoilh. Mlquilth i psj`hnhkji h`jcmltin supým smr i `hls`jâl`ji prhcuth hu prhprjmcicm ch `êrmerh hu ci omltm ch jlcjvïcuh, is tricjëýms hrjmltijs i `hl`memo `hoh ispm`th ch ieshnuth  ‐    Cmus, Cmus, H Vizjh, Omltm ]ljvmrsin7 cmssm phlth vjsti, icis `hls`jâl`ji ê jltilkïvmn, phrtilth mni vij inêo ch pmsshin, ch omltin,mch tmoph, chcmmspiëh, quinjcicms, chs `hl`mjths, cis `itmkhrjis m cm thchs hs njojtms. Pmlch issjo, mni ê trilspmsshin, trilsomltin m trils`mlcmltm. Icojtjlch-sm Icojtjlchsm qum „piri `hoprmmlcmr i `hopnmxjcicm ci `hls`jâl`ji ê prm`jsh vâ-ni vâ -ni `hoh uo sjstmoi m `hoprmmlcmr suis pirtms‟ (Sirt, 9::0, ipuc [insa m Viukail, 9::0), i `hls`jâl`ji ê `hlsjcmrici phr oujths `hoh uoi fulëàh ci psjqum jlcjvjcuin, cm hlcm sàh jlfmrjchs hs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji.  Li cmfjljëàh cm Krhf (9:11), i `hls`jâl`ji mxprmssi m rmfnmtm uuoi oi jltmnjkâl`ji `ðsoj`i qum pmromji thch h uljvmrsh m thci i mxjstâl`ji. Li mxprmssàh cm Prj Iurhejlch  ‐   krilcm mxphmltm ch yhki jltmkrin, mcu`ichr m omstrm jlcjilh ‐  jlcjilh ‐  thci  thci `hls`jâl`ji lh ssmr mr auoilh qum ê h omltin ml`irlich li oitêrji vjvi tmo qum sm mnmvir, i fjo cm ml`hltrir i `hls`jâl`ji oijs inti7 i `hls`jâl`ji oijs inti tioeêo tmo qum cms`mr piri i omltm, i vjci, i oitêrji. lh H`jcmltm, ipmlis trâs mstichs rm`hlam`jchs2 vjkïnji,Sricj`jhlinomltm, shlh m jlthxj`iëýms. Sijs mstichs njojtio-sm ipmliscmä `hls`jâl`ji `hls`jâl`ji mrio `houo hu mstichs hrcjlérjhs cm `hls`jâl`ji, m hs mstichs intmrichs hu iopnjichs mrio `hlsjcmrichs pithnðkj`hs. Mstucilch hs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin rmssinti iqumnms mstichs qum trils`mlcmo i pmrshlinjcicm m h `hl`mjth cm mkh. Mssm mlfhqum òntjoh ê h `mrlm ci  psj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, ê h sinth quåltj`h ci `jâl`ji ci psjqum qum itê mltàh sm h`upivi ipmlis ci pmrshli - mstål`ji trilsjtðrji ch smr ‐  smr  ‐  hojtjlch  hojtjlch hs lïvmjs supmrjhrms `hlm`tichs `ho h Pmnf . I jophrtål`ji chs mstuchs li érmi chs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji qum trils`mlcmo h mkh (hu iuth-joikmo) cmvm-sm cmvm-sm ih fith cm qum i iopnjiëàh ci mstruturi mkðj`i, i pirtjr ch ‑ trils trils‚, ‚, phcm fivhrm`mr ä fnmxjejnjziëàh chs om`iljsohs cm cmfmsi, chs `hophrtiomlths rmpmtjtjvhs, njemrilch h jlcjvïcuh chs ipmkhs m fjxiëýms, ierjlch issjo oijs mspiëh piri i siòcm s iòcm jltmkrin. H krilcm rjs`h cis mxpmrjâl`jis cm lïvmn trilspmsshin oin hrjmlticis ê fhomltir lh jlcjvïcuh qum is vjvml`ji uoi fuki ch lïvmn psj`hcjlåoj`h usilch mssis mxpmrjâl`jis i smrvjëh ch mkh. Issjo, ih jlvês cm jltmkrir, mnm phcm fjxir-sm ijlci oijs lh prðprjh mstich m i mxpmrjâl`ji smrvjr ä jlfniëàh mkðj`i lh `hltmxth ci „mkh ms`nmrhsm‟, hu smbi, mlrjbm`jomlth cis cmfmsis m chs `hophrtiomlths rmpmtjtjvhs. Smlch phr hebmth cm mstuch i jlvmstjkiëàh chs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, oijs  pirtj`uniromltm ci „`hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i‟ hu oijs ohcmrliomltm `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin, ê nðkj`h cmfjljrohs hpmri`jhlinomltm tin tmroh, cm fhroi i phcmrohs `hopirtjnair uo `ioph smoåltj`h iprhxjoich. Issjo `hoh h tmroh „jl`hls`jmltm „ jl`hls`jmltm‟‟ fhj mstucich she cjvmrsis ðtj`is, cmscm h lïvmn suestil`jinjsti chs psj`ilinjstis cis prjomjris kmriëýms, pissilch pmnh jl`hls`jmltm „mstruturich `hoh njlkuikmo‟ ci tmhrji ni`iljili (Kir`ji-Uhzi, (Kir`ji-Uhzi, 9:107 Chr, 9::57 Uippiphrt, 9::5), itê i vjsàh prikoétj`i (@hsti, 9::6) hlcm h omsoh ê vjsth `hoh uoi rmcm cm `rmlëis m cmsmbhs, h tmroh „`hls`jâl`ji „`hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i‟ `ðsoj`i‟ shfrmu hs mfmjths cis jltmrprmtiëýms cicis pmnis cjvmrsis `unturis, emo `hoh cis tm`lhnhkjis cjsphlïvmjs piri sui ilénjsm.

 

`ðsoj`i‟ fhj irejtrérji m   @hlfhrom jlcj`i i njtmrituri, i hpëàh pmnh tmroh „`hls`jâl`ji „ `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i‟ cmvm-sm ih fith cm smr kmlêrj`h eus`ilch mlknheir h oijhr lòomrh cm mxpmrjâl`jis cms`rjtis li érmi, emo `hoh phr bé trizmr `mrti tricjëàh, tmlch sjch moprmkich pmnh psjqujitri `ilicmlsm Eu``gm (ipuc [mjn, 9::4i) piri cmsjklir2 „... uo mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji qum sm sjtui i`joi ci sjopnms `hls`jâl`ji `houo ih ahomo m uoi pirtm chs iljoijs, hu omsoh ci `hls`jâl`ji cm sj omsoh‟ (p.9:).  (p.9:).  Pmkulch [mjn (9::4i) h tmroh „`hls`jâl`ji „ `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i‟ `ðsoj`i‟ mxprmssi2  mxprmssi2  „...  uoi mxpmrjâl`ji mo qum cmtmrojlicis pmsshis pmr`memo i uljcicm ch „...  `hsohs, sm pmr`memo cmltrh cmni (m làh fhri, `hoh oujths phcmrjio joikjlir), i mxpmrjâl`ji ê i`hopilaici cm smltjomlths cm prhfulci piz, pnmljtucm, iohr i thchs hs smrms. @hoprmmlcm-sm cm uo rmnil`m h ful`jhliomlth m i rizàh cm smr chs uljvmrshs, i rmnitjvjcicm cis trâs cjomlsýms ch tmoph m ch mspiëh, i jlsjkljfj`ål`ji m jnusàh ch oulch mo qum vjvmohs, hs mrrhs ohluomltijs `homtjchs phr oujths  smrms auoilhs7 uoi jnuojliëàh i`hopilai oujtis cmstis pmr`mpëýms. I ohrtm ê vjsti ipmlis `hoh uoi pissikmo piri hutri mspê`jm cm mxjstâl`ji m h omch cmni cmsipirm`m thtinomltm. smr m mni ê, mo`hlstjtuj kmrin, h rmsuntich nhlki m nmlti mvhnuëàh7 äs vmzms, Mni lh phcm mltilth, h jlï`jh cmcmuoiuoi prhfulci trilsfhroiëàh lh smltjch chs vinhrms oijs mnmvichs ci auoiljcicm7 lmstm òntjoh `ish mni i`hltm`m mo ohomlth jlmspmrich.‟(p. 9:)  9:)   Oiths (9::5) triti i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hoh „h mstuch `jmltïfj`h cm mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji‟ (p.99), cmsti`ilch `hoh  `hoh hebmth cm mstuch `mltrin i „`hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin‟ qum smrji hutri fhroi cm cmsjklir intmriëýms cm mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji piri inêo ch mkh, tmophmspiëh. Mstms mstichs phcmo mlknheir thchs is intmriëýms mo `hlbulth hu smpiriciomltm. Ituinomltm, `hoprmmlcm-sm i `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i `hoh h pj`h mxpmrjml`jin ci `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin , cjstjlkujlch-sm pmni vjvâl`ji ci uljcicm `hlfhrom cmsti`ici i`joi phr [mjn. Krhf (9::3i) iphlti qum i `hls`jâl`ji lh mstich usuin iphji-sm lis mstruturis smlshrjijs, smlch i sui vjsàh cm oulch m h smu smr lh oulch itrmnich ihs njojtms cis jlfhroiëýms cmrjvicis ch `hrph fïsj`h m ch oulch oitmrjin, emo `hoh sm ml`hltri hpmrilch phr `iusinjcicm njlmir m prmsi ä `hoprmmlsàh lmwthljili ch mspiëh m tmoph. @hltuch, i pirtjr ci vjsàh trilspmsshin chs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, msti lhëàh fhj mxpilcjci, m i `hls`jâl`ji  pisshu i smr vjsti làh ipmlis `hoh uoi `hlstruëàh `mrmerin, mpjfmlóomlh ch `êrmerh, hu `hoh uoi rmsuntiltm cm lhssis vjcis jlcjvjcuijs7 ois `hoh uo fmlóomlh qum phcm jr inêo chs njojtms cm tmoph m mspiëh. ]o mxmopnh bé `néssj`h li njtmrituri trilspmsshin cm vjvâl`ji ci `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin ê issjo cms`rjth pmnh fïsj`h Frjtbhf @ipri lh njvrh „H Sih ci Fïsj`i‟, m lhs ibuciré i omnahr `hoprmmlcâ-ni2 „Aé `jl`h ilhs, mu tjvm uoi mxpmrjâl`ji oujth emni, i quin om `hnh`hu lh `iojlah qum i`ieirji phr rmsuntir lmstm njvrh. Mu mstivi smltich li priji, mo uoi tircm, bé lh fjo ch vmràh, m hesmrvivi h ohvjomlth cis hlcis, smltjlch ih omsoh tmoph h rjtoh cm ojlai prðprji rmspjriëàh. Lmssm ohomlth, suejtiomltm, ipmr`mej-

 

om jltmlsiomltm ch ioejmltm qum om `mr`ivi2 mstm sm om ifjkurivi `hoh sm  pirtj`jpissm cm uoi kjkiltms`i ccilëi ilëi `ðsoj`i. @hoh fïsj`h, mu sieji qum i irmji, is rh`ais, i ékui m h ir i omu rmchr mrio fmjths cm ohnê`unis m éthohs mo vjeriëàh m qum tijs ohnê`unis m éthohs, phr smu turlh, `hlsjstjio mo pirtï`unis qum jltmrikjio mltrm sj itrivês ci `rjiëàh m ci cmstrujëàh cm hutris pirtï`unis. Pieji jkuinomltm, qum i itohsfmri ci Smrri mri pmroilmltmomltm ehoeircmici phr `auvis pirtï`unis cm inti mlmrkji m qumomshfrjio oòntjpnis `hnjsýmscmä „rijhs omcjci `ðsoj`hs‟, qum pmlmtrivio li itohsfmri. Such jssh mri fiojnjir mo rizàh cm ojlai pmsqujsi mo Fïsj`i cm inti mlmrkji2 itê iqumnm ohomlth, phrêo, tuch jssh om `amkiri ipmlis itrivês cm kréfj`hs, cjikriois m tmhrjis oitmoétj`is. Pmltich li priji, smltj qum ojlais mxpmrjâl`jis iltmrjhrms icqujrjio vjci. Issjo, „vj‟ `is`itis cm mlmrkji `ðsoj`i prhvmljmltms ch mspiëh mxtmrjhr, `is`itis lis quijs, mo punsiëýms rïtoj`is, pirtï`unis pirtï`unis mrio `rjicis m cmstruïcis. „Vj‟ hs éthohs chs mnmomlths - emo `hoh iqumnms pmrtml`mltms i omu `hrph - pirtj`jpirmo cmssi cilëi `ðsoj`i cm mlmrkji. Pmltj h smu rjtoh m „huvj‟ h smu sho.‟ (@ipri, p. 90, 9:10) I mxpmrjâl`ji cm @ipri, i`joi cms`rjti, phcm smr mltmlcjci cmltrh ch ohcmnh cm Krhf (9:11) `hoh uoi mxpmrjâl`ji trilspmsshin, issjo cmfjljci2 „... uoi mxpmrjâl`ji mlvhnvmlch uoi mxpilsàh m mxtmlsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji oijs inêo chs njojtms usuijs ch mkh m is njojtiëýms cm tmoph m mspiëh. Lh mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji „lhroin‟, hu usuin, h jlcjvïcuh mxpmrjml`ji i mnm omsoh `hoh mxjstjlch cmltrh chs njojtms cm smu prðprjh `hrph fïsj`h (i joikmo cm `hrph) m i sui  pmr`mpëàh ch omjh ioejmltm ê rmstrjlkjci pmni `ipi`jcicm njojtici cm smus mxtmrh`mpthrms7 ioeis, suis pmr`mpëýms jltmrlis m suis pmr`mpëýms ch omjh ioejmltm, sàh `hlfjlicis cmltrh chs njojtms usuijs cm mspiëh-tmoph.‟ mspiëh- tmoph.‟   @ho mfmjth, lh `ioph ci fïsj`i tmohs mo Mjlstmjl h mxmopnh cm `hoprmmlsàh iopnjici ci `hls`jâl`ji `hoh mspiëh cm jltmkriëàh m airohljziëàh ch uljvmrsh, i omcjci qum mssm mx`mnmltm fïsj`h jl`nuju lh ehbh cm sui eikikmo tmðrj`i i jcêji cm qum i `hls`jâl`ji inj `aioici cm jltujëàh iestriti phcm i`mssir quinqumr nmj ci liturmzi smo lmlauo rm`ursh mopïrj`h-ilinïtj`h hu niehrithrjin. Eisti tàh shomltm qum h ahomo untripissm thci i zhli cm su`mssjvjcicm ilinïtj`i (qum `iri`tmrjzi i `hls`jâl`ji hrcjlérji) m mltàh pmlmtrm li zhli cm sjountilmjcicm jltujtjvi ci rizàh mspjrjtuin, i`mssilch, issjo, uo mstich tin cm `hls`jâl`ji qum  phssi siemr m mxpmrjml`jir, ijlci qum luo frikomlth cm smkulch, i thtinjcicm ch uljvmrsh uljvmrsh ‐   ‐   h ]lh ch uljvmrsh ‐  uljvmrsh ‐  lh  lh mxmr`ï`jh cm rmkâl`ji ch `hsohs. Hri, lmssm phlth pmr`mem-sm qum Mjlstmjl itê `hlsjcmri h pmlsiomlth ilinïtj`h jophrtiltm, ois `ho lm`mssjcicms qum nam vàh piri inêo  ‐  thchs   thchs hs omtifïsj`hs, ahbm, siemo qum i itjvjcicm mkh-`hls`jmltm, mopïrj`h-ilinïtj`i ci `hls`jâl`ji hrcjlérji, ê lm`mssérji m  prmsmltm, ois làh ê sufj`jmltm piri kiriltjr sui prðprji jltmkrjcicm lh smltjch trilspmsshin hu lh `hltmxth ci rminjcicm ]oi ch uljvmrsh. Krhf (9:11) ijlci cmsti`i qum, mo inkuls `ishs, h submjth mxpmrjml`ji i pmrci chs njojtms usuijs cm smu mkh m sui `hls`jâl`ji pirm`m sm mxpilcjr piri jl`nujr hutrhs jlcjvïcuhs m

 

mnmomlths ch oulch mxtmrjhr. H mxmopnh ieijxh rmfnmtm mstm hutrh lïvmn ci `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin2 "H rjtoh ci ojlai rmspjriëàh mltrhu mo sjlthlji `ho h vmlth qum shprivi lh inth ciqumnm pmqumlh ohltm. Such mltrivi mo `hlmxàh, hs shls chs péssirhs  pissirio i sm `hlfulcjr `ho hs shls prhcuzjchs cmltrh ch omu `hrph. Tissmj i  fizmr pirtm cm uochkrilcm thch. uo Mu mri iqumnis cm ohltilais, h rjh, h `êu, smltji-om  pirtm jltmkriltm ]ljvmrsh, smltjomlth sikrich chojlhu-om. Tissmj i `hopirtjnair vjci `ho tuch m i siemr ci ojlai njkiëàh `ho thchs hs smrms. Jsth trhuxm-om uo prhfulch smltjomlth cm rmvmrâl`ji. Inkh li ojlai vjci intmrhu-sm, h oulch i ojlai vhnti ikhri tmo hutri oikji. (irqujvh chs iuthrms) Iopnjilch msti pmrspm`tjvi, Krhf cmsti`i qum mo hutrhs `ishs h submjth `hltjlui mxpmrjml`jilch sui prðprji jcmltjcicm, ois mo uo tmoph, nukir m `hltmxth cjfmrmltms, `hlfhrom sm vâ i smkujr. Srjlti ojluths ipðs i jlkmstàh ch `aé ‑‑iyuis`i‚‚ 54 , omu `hrph pirm`mu fulcjr sm `ho h `aàh, fhrois oilcénj`is pissirio i cmsfjnir mo ojlai omltm, mlquilth i`hopilaivi cm smlsiëýms qum mxpnhcjio mo omu `hrph.  Lmstm mstich uo cm fnuxh `hls`jâl`ji pmr`mej-om cmltrh ci ojlai `hrrmltm silkuïlmi, i`hopilailch h pmr`ursh cis suestål`jis ch ‑‑iyuis`i‚‚ cmltrh ch omu `hrph. Lh omjh ciqumni tureunâl`ji, qum pirm`ji oijs nirvis vun`ålj`is mo ohvjomlth rjtoich, cmpirmj-om `ho h cmstjlh fjlin cis suestål`jis. ]oi `ênuni, qum om  pirm`ji smr ch sjstmoi lmrvhsh, cmsti`i-sm lh omjh ci pijsikmo. Liq Liqumnm umnm ohomlth i omsoi pirm`ji cjinhkir `hojkh, h qum ojlai omltm ri`jhlin `nissjfj`ivi cm nhu`uri, lh mltilth i `ênuni pirm`ji tmr uoi `hls`jâl`ji prðprji m qumjxivi-sm ch ehoeircmjh rminjzich phr iqumnis suestål`jis. I `ênuni mxpnhcju li ojlai frmltm, mlquilth lh smu nukir fj`ivi ipmlis uoi mlmrkji izunici. Ipðs msti mxpnhsàh qum jcmltjfj`ivi `hoh oiljfmstiëýms sjléptj`is, h fnuxh silkþïlmh pirm`mu iuomltir, mlquilth is vjsýms m smlsiëýms `hrphrijs fj`irio oijs jltmlsis. (Irqujvhs chs iuthrms) Ijlci, mo hutrhs `ishs, h submjth mxpmrjml`ji uo cmsipirm`jomlth thtin ci lhëàh cm jcmltjcicm cm smu mkh m uoi jcmltjfj`iëàh thtin `ho i `hls`jâl`ji cm hutri jcmltjcicm (Krhf,9:11).  I rmspjriëàh thrlhu-sm intmrici, mlquilth uoi smlsiëàh cm frjh chojlivi omu `hrph. Ojlais rhupis ituijs suejtiomltm aivjio cmsipirm`jch, cilch nukir i uoi vmstjomlti iltjki m pherm. Yuilth oijs `hltmopnivi iqumni `mli, oijs om iprhxjoivi ciqumni ounamr, cm suis chrms m omchs. Msti iprhxjoiëàh jltmlsjfj`hu sm ih phlth mo qum ojlai jcmltjcicm ituin fulcju-sm `ho i ciqumni ounamr. Tissmj i vjvâ-ni, ikhri mu shu mni. Msthu bhkici mo uoi `inëici frji, mlquilth uo ahomo 54

  I mxpmrjâl`ji `ho h `aé ‑‑iyuis`i‟ fhj `hnajci curiltm uoi vjvâl`ji rminjzici phr tmripmutis ohtjvichs  pmnh mstuch chs mstichs mstichs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji.

 

tribilch rhupis lherms surkm, ikrmcjlch-om fmrhzomltm. Ojlai rhupi ê riskici m  fj`h lui li rui (pi`jmltm mxprmssi mo smu `hrph i `mli li lirrici, rrici, tmltilch ms`hlcmr i vmrkhlai ci lucmz). I vmrkhlai jopunsjhli-om i `hrrmr m i ojlai frmltm surkm uoi phltm, ci quin punh piri cmltrh ch rjh. Is ékuis jlvicmo omus punoýms mlquilth tmlth mo vàh sinvir-om. Mlquilth iqumnm `hrph ohrrm, `homëh i rmthoir omu smlsh cm jcmltjcicm ituin, m i ohrtm njemri ojlai jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho iqumni  pmrshlikmo. Mlfjo `hlsjkh uoi mxpnj`iëàh piri omu omrkunair. Pjlth qum ikhri tuch tmrojlhu m iqumnm `hrph cjnuju-sm lis omch ékuis,cmmlquilth sjlth-om  prmsmltm lh iquj-m-ikhri. (Irqujvhs chs iuthrms). Fjlinomltm, mo uoi mxtmlsi `itmkhrji cmssis mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs (mxpmrjâl`jis irqumtïpj`is m rijvhsis, uljàh `ho Cmus, mt`.), i `hls`jâl`ji ch submjth pirm`m ierilkmr mnmomlths qum làh tâo lmlauoi `hltjlujcicm `ho sui rmfmrâl`ji cm pmsshinjcicm jlcjvjcuinjzici, hs quijs làh phcmo smr `hlsjcmrichs `hoh sjopnms cmrjvichs cm suis mxpmrjâl`jis lh oulch ci rminjcicm trjcjomlsjhlin (Krhf, jcmo).  Ipðs uo pmrïhch cm c m rmnixiomlth m fh`injziëàh lh `hrph, prjl`jpinomltm li „chr cm huvjch‟ qum om jl`hohcivi bé aé uoi smoili m rmsjstji ih tritiomlth oêcj`h, vmbh-om cjiltm cm uoitrilspmsshin. krilcm bilmni suspmlsi uljvmrsh. bilmni ierm-sm omrkunah luo mspiëh Vmbh-om lh lh `mltrh cm uo Msti jomlsh pin`h, qum smm  pirm`m `ho i tmrri, smlch qum cm uo nich aivji uoi jomlsi shoeri `hophsti cm  smrms ojthnðkj`hs m mspjrjtuijs qum cm cmsfjnivio, sfjnivio, rmprmsmltilch thchs hs omus omchs, ilsjmcicms m ispm`ths lmkitjvhs7 ch hutrh nich aivji i nuz, `ho smus smrms ojthnðkj`hs m mspjrjtuijs, sjoehnjzilch hs ispm`ths phsjtjvhs ch omu smr. @hrcis  prmlcjio-om i mstms smrms, `hoh sm mnms `hoilcissmo i ojlai vjci. Liqumnm ohomlth rmvjvj rmtrhspm`tjviomltm thchs hs omus `hlfnjths, hs lïvmjs ejhkréfj`hs,  pmrjlitijs m trilspmsshijs ierjrio-sm luo trilsehrcir cm fhrëis. H omu `hrph trilsehrcivi cm mlmrkjis, rmnixich lh `hn`aàh.  Mu ml`hltrivi-om lh `mltrh ciqumnm `hlfrhlth, liqumnm ohomlth thci nuz m thci  shoeri mstivio prmsmltms. ]oi ilkòstji chojlhuchojlhu-om om m i „chr cm huvjch‟ fj`hu jlsuphrtévmn7 thcis is prmssýms `hl`mltririo-sm m lh `ioph cm eitinai (pin`h) i  shoeri m i nuz jlj`jirio ohvjomlths cm nuti, rmvjvj krilcms kumrris ci auoiljcicm. Omu huvjch mstinhu, `hoh sm inkh tjvmssm sjch cmstiopich. M lh `mltrh ch pin`h ms`utmj2 „vðs shjs Cmus‟, „vðs shjs nuz‟, mstis pinivris m`hirio  fhrtm mo omu smr, `hoh i cmspmrtir-om cm uo jomlsh trilsm. @iïrio phr tmrri is oés`iris ci shoeri m ci nuz. ]oi mohëàh jomlsi thohu `hlti ch omu smr, smltjom jlvicjch phr uoi piz prhfulci. @ahrmj prhfulciomltm, `hoh aé oujths ilhs làh h fizji. Ikhri h pin`h mri cmsfmjth, shoeri m nuz mstivio uljcis mo ojo, qum  pmroilm`ji suspmlsh, sherm h vizjh. ]o vizjh pnmlh, uo vizjh/`amjh, i `houlaàh jltmlsi `ho Cmus. Ih têrojlh ci vjvâl`ji sjlth-om jltmkrich. I lïvmn ejhkréfj`h, hs emeâs m is oàms (eril`i m prmti) ci mxpmrjâl`ji psj`ilinïtj`i jltmkrio-sm7 lh lïvmn  pmrjlitin rmvjvh i mxpmrjâl`ji cm ohrtm m rmlis`jomlth ch mkh, mlquilth i lïvmn trilspmsshin trilsphlah hs njojtms mkðj`hs, h qum om phssjejnjthu uo inirkiomlth cm omu smr/mstir lh oulch. (irqujvhs chs iuthrms) iuth rms)

 

  Hs fmlóomlhs i`joi cms`rjths phcmo smr oipmichs mo trâs rmkjýms mxpmrjml`jijs  eésj`is2 „(9) uoi mxpilsàh, hu mxtmlsàh, ci `hls`jâl`ji cmltrh ch `hl`mjth `houo cm tmoph m mspiëh7 (5) uoi mxpilsàh, hu mxtmlsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji inêo ch `hl`mjth `houo cm tmoph m mspiëh7 (0) mxpmrjâl`jis ‑psj`ðjcms‚‟(Krhf, 9::3e, p.993). H tmr oh oh „ psj`ðjcm „ psj`ðjcm‟, ‟, iphltich phr Krhf, fhj hrjkjlinomltm usich phr Bulk piri finir chs irquêtjphs ch jl`hls`jmltm `hnmtjvh, rmprmsmltilch uoi érmi `rmpus`unir mltrm i `hls`jâl`ji m i oitêrji. Lh mltilth mstm tmroh fhj mxpilcjch phr Krhf, smlch cjvjcjch mo trâs `itmkhrjis, 59  i siemr2 9)  `itmkhrji chs fmlóomlhs cm sjl`rhlj`jcicm, smomnailtms ihs cms`rjths phr Bulk7 5)  `itmkhrji mo qum mvmlths ch oulch mxtmrlh mstàh issh`jichs äs mxpmrjâl`jis jltmrlis7 0)  `itmkhrji cm fmlóomlhs psj`ðjcms mo qum i itjvjcicm omltin ê usici piri oiljpunir cmnjemriciomltm i rminjcicm `hlsmlsuin. Tirtjlch chs mstuchs cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth cis ms`hnis h`jcmltijs m hrjmltijs, [jnemr, G.7 Mlknmr, B. m Erhwl, C. (9:16) m [jnemr (9:::i) ohltirio uo ohcmnh cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth hlcm iMstms mstruturi ci psjqum, mlquilth hebmth cm psj`hnhkji ipirm`m iuthrms `hlsjcmrio i mstruturi ci mstuch psjqum ci cjvjcjci mo trilspmsshin, chjs tjphs kmrijs2 is cmnjlmich. mstruturis  eésj`is m is mstruturis trilsjtðrjis. trilsjtðrjis. 9.  IP MPSU]S]UIP EÉPJ@IP ‐  EÉPJ@IP ‐  sàh  sàh is qum, ih ifnhrir lh cmsmlvhnvjomlth, tmlcmo i  pmroilm`mr mxjstjlch `hoh uljcicms hu sueuljcicms rmnitjviomltm iutólhois lh cm`hrrmr ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth suesmqþmltm. 5.  IP MPSU]S]UIP CM SUILPJËÀH ‐  SUILPJËÀH  ‐  sàh  sàh is mstruturis cm fism mspm`ïfj`i m cm fism tmophrérji qum tmlcmo i smr oijs hu omlhs jltmjriomltm suestjtuïcis pmnis fisms cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth suesmqþmltms. Is mstruturis cm trilsjëàh sàh is qum làh mstàh jl`nuïcis hu prmssuphstis lh cmsmlvhnvjomlth suesmqþmltm, ois qum tmlcmo, ih `hltrérjh, i smr lmkicis, cjsshnvjcis hu suestjtuïcis pmnh cmsmlvhnvjomlth suesmqþmltm. I `ici surkjomlth cm uoi mstruturi eésj`i mspm`ïfj`i, is mstruturis cm trilsjëàh tmlcmo i smr lmkicis, cjsshnvjcis hu suestjtuïcis phr uo cmsmlvhnvjomlth suesmqþmltm. Inêo cmstis cuis mstruturis, i psjqum iprmsmlti h Pmnf  (hu  (hu sjstmoi ch Pmnf  Pmnf ) qum ê h phlth cm jcmltjfj`iëàh, vhnjëàh, cmfmsi, hrkiljziëàh m „omtiehnjsoh‟.

59

 Tiri oijhrms cmtinams ilinjsir h lïvmn trilspmsshin ci `irthkrifji cm Krhf iprmsmltici lh jtmo 9.0.0. cmstm njvrh.

 

Is mstruturis eésj`is mo sj omsois sàh `hoh uoi ms`ici, `ubhs cmkrius sàh lïvmjs ci Krilcm @hrrmltm ch Pmr. H Pmnf  (hu  (hu h sjstmoi ch Pmnf ) ê iqumnm qum shem i ms`ici. I `ici cmkriu cmssi suejci, h Pmnf  tmo  tmo uoi vjsàh hu pmrspm`tjvi cjfmrmltm ci rminjcicm, uoi smlsiëàh cjfmrmltm cm jcmltjcicm smo pmrcmr äqumnis bé in`ilëicis, uo tjph cjfmrmltm cm ohrinjcicm, uo `hlbulth cjfmrmltm cm lm`mssjcicms, m issjo phr cjiltm. Mssis oucilëis lh smltjch ch Pmnf   m ci sui rminjcicm qum sm intmrio cm lïvmn piri lïvmn sàh `hlsjcmricis mstruturis cm trilsjëàh hu, oijs frmqþmltmomltm, mstékjhs ch PMNF  qum  qum `hopýmo `hlfjkuriëàh. Issjo smlch, i `iri`tmrïstj`i oijs lhtévmn hcmthch uoicmssi mstruturi eésj`i hu cm uo lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji eésj`h ê qum, uoi vmz momrbi lh cmsmlvhnvjomlth auoilh, tmlcm i pmroilm`mr mxjstjlch li vjci ch jlcjvïcuh curiltm h cmsmlvhnvjomlth suesmqþmltm. Ipmsir cm fjlinomltm smr trils`mlcjch, prmssuphsth m suehrcjlich pmnh ohvjomlth is`mlcmltm ch smnf  ch smnf  mo  mo cjrmëàh i mstruturis eésj`is supmrjhrms, mnm ijlci `hlsmrvi uoi rmnitjvi iuthlhoji m uoi jlcmpmlcâl`ji ful`jhlin.  Lh ohcmnh cm mstuch iphltich phr [jnemr (5445), is mstruturis mstruturis eésj`is ci `hls`jâl`ji `hrrmsphlcmo ä krilcm `icmji ch smr ci fjnhshfji pmrmlm. I joikmo cm uoi ms`ici mspjrinici (fjkuri ieijxh), qum sm jlj`ji lh cmkriu zmrh (oitrjzms pmrjlitijs) m sm cmscheri itê h cmkriu 94 (lïvmn òntjoh), ê i omtéfhri utjnjzici phr mstm iuthr piri iprmsmltir i mstruturi eésj`i ci `hls`jâl`ji.

Fjk. Ohcmnh ci mstruturi ci `hls`jâl`ji (Ms`ici Mspjrin Ahnhkréfj`i).

 

  Hs quitrh cmkrius jlj`jijs fhroio i eism ch Pmr m iprmsmltio i `iri`tmrïstj`i cm smr prê pmsshijs, hu smbi i lhëàh cm uo mu smpirich ijlci làh momrkju. momrkju. Cjfj`uncicms lmstms cmkrius  phcmo kmrir pithnhkjis krivms `hoh is psj`hsms. Hs cmkrius 3, = m 6 fhroio h lïvmn pmsshin, iquj momrkm i lhëàh cm uo mu smpirich, mlquilth hs quitrh òntjohs fhroio h lïvmn trilspmsshin, hu smbi vij-sm inêo ch pmsshin. @hopirtjnailch hs mstuchs ch lïvmn prê-pmsshin `ho hutris iehrcikmls tmripâutj`is, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin tmo `hltrjeuïch cm oilmjri ïopir `ho pmsqujsis lh cmkriu zmrh (Krhf, 9:11, 9::3e, 9::;, 5444), emo `hoh tmo inirkich hs mstuchs chs lïvmjs pmsshijs ([jnemr, 9:::i, 5445). @hltuch, i sui krilcm `hltrjeujëàh tmo sjch h oipmiomlth cm fmlóomlhs cjfï`mjs cm smrmo jl`nuïchs cmltrh cm uo ohcmnh prê-pmsshin m pmsshin, phjs sm iprmsmltio inêo ch pmsshin7 sàh pirtm ch lïvmn trilspmsshin. I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin tmo `hoh fh`h cm mstuch inêo chs fmlóomlhs qum surkmo lhs lh s cmkrius prê-pmsshijs m pmsshijs, hs qum fhroio hs `jl`h òntjohs cmkrius. Iquj cmsti`irmohs ipmlis mstms òntjohs, phr smrmo i `hltrjeujëàh mojlmltmomltm trilspmsshin piri i psj`hnhkji h`jcmltin. Is `hltrjeujëýms ci trilspmsshin lh mstuch oijs iprhfulcich chs lïvmjs iltmrjhrms cm `hls`jâl`ji phcmràh smr invh cm lhsshs mstuchs futurhs, phr ahri rmomtmohs h nmjthr qum cmsmbm iprhfulcir i`mr`i cmssis rmfmrâl`jis ci trilspmsshin ih mstuch chs trieinahs cm [jnemr (9:::i, 5445).  Li mstmjri cmssm mltmlcjomlth, `jl`h òntjohs òntjohs cmkrius smràh iprmsmltichs iquj cmltrh ci  pmrspm`tjvi cm [jnemr, ipuc Viukail m [insa (9::;), m cm Krhf Krhf (9::3i). [jnemr iehrci i vjsjh-nðkj`h `hoh i mstruturi oijs cmsmlvhnvjci ch lïvmn pmsshin, rmprmsmltilch uoi phltm cm trilsjëàh piri hs lïvmjs trilspmsshijs. Msti mstruturi tmo sjch cmlhojlici pmnhs  psj`ðnhkhs tricj`jhlijs cm „cjinêtj`i‟, „cjinêtj`i‟, „jltmkritjvi‟ m „sjltêtj`h„sjltêtj`h-`rjitjvi‟, `hltuch [jnemr  prmfmrm „vjsjh„vjsjh-nðkj`h‟, phjs mlquilth i omltm fhroin mstiemnm`m rmniëýms, i vjsjh-nðkj`h vjsjh-nðkj`h „mstiemnm`m rmcms cm rmniëýms‟, uoi vjsàh ierilkmltm m pilhråoj`i injici i uoi `ipi`jcicm cm sïltmsm intiomltm jltmkrichri. Cmscherilch hs mstuchs ci fjnhshfji m psj`hnhkji pmrmlm ([jnemr) m i ilénjsm chs  prhth`hnhs chs mstichs ahnhtrðpj`hs cm `hls`jâl`ji (Krhf), (Krhf), mstms iuthrms iprmsmltio uoi iopni kioi cm fmlóomlhs qum phcmo smr `itinhkichs mo quitrh `itmkhrjis cm hebmth cm mstuch mojlmltmomltm pmsqujsichs pmni psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin2 9.  Tsïquj`h  ‐  [jnemr   [jnemr iphlti mstm lïvmn `hoh h épj`m ci pmr`mpëàh vjsjh-nðkj`i. Iquj tmohs h prjomjrh cmkriu mojlmltmomltm cm `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin, hlcm is `ipi`jcicms pmr`mptjvi m `hkljtjvi pissio piri h „inêo ch pmsshin‟ m chs njojtms ch mstrmjtiomlth jlcjvjcuin. @homëi i erhtir „h hesmrvichr trilspmsshin‟ i pirtjr ci iprmlcjzikmo ci hesmrviëàh hesm rviëàh sutjn cis `ipi`jcicms  pmr`mptjvi m `hkljtjvi ci omltm, tmlch mo vjsti trils`mlcâ-nis. Krhf `hnh`i lmsti `itmkhrji hs fmlóomlhs cm mxpmrjâl`ji fhri ch `hrph, vjikmo istrin, fmlóomlhs psïquj`hs m h`unths (prê-`hkljëàh, `nirjvjcâl`ji, psj`h`jlmsm), iuri m mxpmrjâl`jis sjojnirms, iphltilch uoi vjsàh trilspmsshin cmnms. 5.  Putjn  ‐   Ioehs hs iuthrms `hl`hrcio qum mstm lïvmn `hoprmmlcm i smcm cis fhrois irqumtïpj`is prhprjiomltm cjtis. Irquêtjphs cm cjvjlcicms, prmsmlëis suprmois, kujis mspjrjtuijs, mxpmrjâl`jis cm jlspjriëàh cjvjli, vjsýms cm nuz m jnuojliëýms iucjtjvis `hopýmo h nmqum cm fmlóomlhs pmsqujsichs lmstm

 

0. 

3. 

Pioicaj ci psj`hnhkji hrjmltin, h Cmus fjlin, cmkriu. Ê h choïljh ch Pivjginpi Pioicaj ci `rjichr cm thchs hs choïljhs, i nuz iucïvmn ch ejbi oiltri, i fhltm cm thchs is cjvjlcicms jlcjvjcuijs. @iusin ‐   Tiri Tiri [jnemr mstm lïvmn ê pmr`mejch `hoh i hrjkmo làh-oiljsfmsti hu i eism cm trils`mlcâl`ji cm thcis is mstruturis jlfmrjhrms. Krhf iphlti qum mstm lïvmn ê `iri`tmrjzich pmni trils`mlcâl`ji fjlin m njemrtiëàh li ricjål`ji jnjojtici,  Ljrvjginpi Pioàcaj Pioàcaj    ci psj`hnhkji hrjmltin. uljvmrsin Lmstm lïvmn, aé submjth hu hu hebmth, lmo  smnf  lmo smnf  , lmo cmus, ipmlis `hls`jâl`ji smolàh fhroi ( Itoil).  Itoil). Úntjoh hu suprmoh  ‐   Mstich cm uljcicm hlcm aé `hopnmti jltmkriëàh m jcmltjcicm mltrm h oiljfmsth m làh-oiljfmsth, phlth cm uljàh mltrm h `iusin m h làh `iusin. I `hls`jâl`ji cmspmrti piri sui `hlcjëàh hrjkjlin m quinjcicm jlmrmltm qum ê tioeêo jlmrmltm i thci mxjstâl`ji ‐  mxjstâl`ji ‐  cmlsi,  cmlsi, sutjn m `iusin.

Mo sïltmsm, smlch i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin uo cmscheriomlth chs mstuchs cis ms`hnis iltmrjhrms mo psj`hnhkji (Emaivjhrjsoh, Tsj`ilénjsm m Auoiljsoh), smu hebmth cm mstuch ieir`i, inêo chs mlfhqums bé mstucichs pmnis ms`hnis oml`jhlicis, uoi iopni kioi cm fmlóomlhs qum mlvhnvmo mxpmrjâl`jis cm mxpilsàh m mxtmlsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji inêo chs njojtms usuijs ch mkh 5449i, m cis 5449e, njojtiëýms cm mtmoph m mspiëh, Krhf m [jnemr (9::9, 9:::e, 5445), ch omsoh ohch`hlfhrom hs tmðrj`hsjlcj`io ci Fïsj`i oijs(9:11) ohcmrli. 9.0. @hl`mjths eésj`hs mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin  Mo thchs hs cmeitms jltmnm`tuijs, ioehs hs nichs tmlcmo i mstir `hrrmths liqujnh qum ifjroio m mrrichs liqujnh qum lmkio. - Bhal Ptuirt Ojnn 9.0.9. Vjsàh cm oulch/rminjcicm Tirtjlch ci ilénjsm ch trieinah cm @ipri (9:10) qum mxpnilhu hs ohvjomlths auoilhs ch pissich ih prmsmltm mo eus`i ch siemr, msti smëàh hebmtjvi sjtuir i vjsàh cm oulch m cm rminjcicm ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. Cmscm êph`is rmohtis, h ahomo prmh`upi-sm mo cm`jfrir hs ojstêrjhs ci vjci, jlcikilch-sm sherm i rminjcicm mo kmrin. Msti eus`i ci liturmzi mssml`jin hu `hlstjtujëàh rmin cis `hjsis (pajsjs) rmkjstrhu-sm prjomjriomltm lh sê`unh VJ i.@., quilch hs séejhs krmkhs ci ms`hni cm Ojnmth làh cjssh`jivio i `jâl`ji ci fjnhshfji m ci rmnjkjàh, `hlsjcmrilch thcis is fhrois cm vjci `hoh mxtmrjhrjziëýms ci pajsjs. Vhntilch uo phu`h lh tmoph, tmohs mo Amré`njth cm Êfmsh uo rmprmsmltiltm ci siemchrji h`jcmltin iltjki qum iphltivi quinqumr pir cm hphsths `hoh ]O, m qum i ]ljcicm `hltêo m trils`mlcm thcis is fhrëis hphstis. Mnm mlfitjzivi qum i `iusi cm thcis is trilsfhroiëýms lh oulch vmo ci jltmriëàh cjlåoj`i m `ï`nj`i chs hphsths. Mo `hltripirtjci, Tiroâljcms sm hpós i mnm, `hlsjcmrilch h Pmr òlj`h m jlvirjévmn, ml`irilch i oucilëi `hoh sjopnms jnusàh chs smltjchs.

 

H `néssj`h `hlfnjth trilsfhroiëàh/cjliojsoh vmrsus suestål`jis jlvirjévmjs prhpulai-sm smr shnu`jhlich pmnhs krmkhs ciqumni êph`i qum mniehririo h `hl`mjth cm éthoh  ‐   i omlhr uljcicm jlcjvjsïvmn ci oitêrji ‐  oitêrji  ‐  jcêji  jcêji qum sukmrm cmoir`iëàh cm njojtms mltrm mspïrjth m oitêrji, `hrph m inoi mt`. Cmssi fhroi, hs ithojstis krmkhs jlfnuml`jirio h smpiritjvjsoh, `hl`hrcilch `ho oucilëis lh oulch rmsuntiltms ci ojsturi (trilsfhroiëàh, Amré`njth) m smpiriëàh cis suestål`jis jlvirjévmjs (joutiejnjcicm, Tiroâljcms) qum `hopýmo h Pmr. Smohs tioeêo jophrtiltm `hltrjeujëàh cm Irjstðtmnms qum cmu âlfism ä joutiejnjcicm ch uljvmrsh m `hltmopniëàh ä pmrfmjëàh cm Cmus (joutévmn m smpirich chs ahomls). Jssh jlfnuml`jhu piri qum làh ahuvmssm jltmrmssm pmnis jlvmstjkiëýms sherm h oulch ci oitêrji m kmrhu uoi supmrvinhrjziëàh ch mspjrjtuin. Itmlcmlch i smus prðprjhs jltmrmssms, i Jkrmbi @rjstà iphjhu hs mlsjliomlths irjsthtênj`hs curiltm thci i Jcicm Oêcji, rmfhrëilch sui vjsàh smpiritjsti m jlqumstjhlévmn ci rminjcicm7 aibi vjsti qum mssi phsjëàh nam pmrojtji cmsfrutir choïljh sherm hs ahomls. @ho h Umlis`jomlth lh fjo ch sê`. QV, @ipri (9:10) ifjroi qum sm rmthohu h jltmrmssm pmnh mstuch ci liturmzi. Cmsti vmz, itrivês cm mxpmrjomltiëàh `jmltïfj`i (Kinjnmu) piri sm `hltriphr i jlqumstjhliejnjcicm chutrjlérji cm Irjstðtmnms.  Lh sê`. QVJJ, Umlê Cms`irtms cjvjcju i liturmzi mo chjs rmjlhs ipirtichs m h ci omltm (rms (rms `hkjtils) `hkjtils) m h ci oitêrji (rms ( rms mxtmlsi), mxtmlsi), mxprmssilch ricj`inomltm hjlcmpmlcmltms2 cuinjsoh mspïrjth/oitêrji. Cmsphlthu lh `mlérjh Jsii` Lmwthl qum mniehrhu sui om`ålj`i, eism ci Fïsj`i @néssj`i, i pirtjr cmstms fulciomlths `irtmsjilhs. I vjsàh om`ilj`jsti, hu smbi, i vjsàh ch oulch `hoh oéqujli `hophsti cm hebmths rmuljchs m cm cm oitêrji smo vjci m h cmtmrojljsoh `irtmsjilh („Tmlsh, nhkh mxjsth‟) nmvhu h ahomo i jkuinir sui jcmltjcicm ipmlis ä sui omltm m làh i thch h smu hrkiljsoh. Frikomltiëàh jltmrli mspmnailch i vjsàh cm oulch mxtmrjhr, `hoh sinjmlthu @ipri. Mltrmtilth, hesmrvi-sm qum i ]ljcicm Eésj`i ch uljvmrsh smoprm fhj mlfitjzici pmnis ms`hnis ch ojstj`jsoh hrjmltin. H hebmtjvh ih ieriëir mssm `iojlah ê thrlir-sm `hls`jmltm ci ]ljcicm m ci rmniëàh oòtui cm thcis is `hjsis, trils`mlcmr i lhëàh cm sj-omsoh ( smnf  ( smnf   jlcjvjcuin) m sm jcmltjfj`ir `ho i Uminjcicm Òntjoi. H ifnhrir cmssi `hls`jâl`ji `aioi-sm Jnuojliëàh, qum trils`mlcm h jltmnm`th m is cmfmsis mkðj`is. Tiri h oïstj`h, `hltjluhu @ipri, quilch i omltm ri`jhlin ê sjnml`jici (itrivês cm vérjhs oêthchs, jl`nusjvm omcjtiëàh), i jltujëàh nmvi i uoi pmr`mpëàh mxtrihrcjlérji ci rminjcicm cm fhroi cjrmti, smo h fjntrh ch pmlsiomlth `hl`mjtuin. @ipri cé uo tmstmoulah pmsshin cmsti mxpmrjâl`ji. (Vmr `ip.9 cmstm njvrh) I mxpmrjâl`ji cjrmti ci rminjcicm, smkulch mnm, trils`mlcm tilth h pmlsiomlth jltmnm`tuin, `hoh i pmr`mpëàh smlshrjin. H `hlam`jomlth itrivês cmssi vjvâl`ji ê `aioich  pmnhs eucjstis cm Ieshnuth, phjs sm triti cm mxpmrjomltir i „qþjcjcicm‟ jlcjfmrml`jici, pnmli, jlcmtmrojlici, jlcjvjsi, h oulch tin `hoh ê. I vjvâl`ji ch Ieshnuth `iri`tmrjzi i mxpmrjâl`ji oïstj`i m làh phcm smr cms`rjti mo  pinivris (jlmfévmn) phr sjtuir-sm inêo chs smltjchs m ch jltmnm`th. Msti iprmmlsàh jltujtjvi ci rminjcicm rmsunti, phjs, cm uo mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji làh usuin, qum sm phcm `aioir cm mstich omcjtitjvh hu oïstj`h.

 

  Tiri hs `jmltjstis tricj`jhlijs h prh`mssh cm prhcuëàh cm `hlam`jomlth vmo itrivês cm uoi omltm `amji cm jlfhroiëýms m `hl`mjths, `iri`tmrjzilch-sm `hoh `hlam`jomlth jlcjrmth  phr jltmroêcjh chs smltjchs m ch ri`jhlin. Sin fhroi cm iprmmlcmr i rminjcicm ê uo sjstmoi cm sïoehnhs m `hl`mjths iestriths `iri`tmrjzich pmni mstruturi smqþml`jin m njlmir, mxpnj`jtici mo sjlijs qum h `houlj`io (infiemths, sïoehnhs oitmoétj`hs, mltrm hutrhs). H sjstmoi cm  pmlsiomlth `hl`mjtuin ê jl`ipiz cm iprmmlcmr m cms`rmvmr i rminjcicm ieshnuti, smlch mltàh njojtich@ipri i uoirmssinthu rminjcicmqum `hlsmlsuin, ioeis is hrcjlérji. fhrois cm `hlam`mr h qum ê rmin phcmo sm `hrrmni`jhlir, `hniehrilch uoi `ho i hutri. Hs fjnðshfhs hrjmltijs m hs mstucjhshs ci fïsj`i sueitóoj`i sàh ulåljoms quilth ä trilsjthrjmcicm m ih cjliojsoh `hoh `iri`tmrïstj`is eésj`is chs hebmths m, phrtilth, ci rminjcicm. @hl`hrcio `ho uo ]ljvmrsh `hoh rminjcicm jlsmpirévmn, ountjcjomlsjhlin, hlcm jlmxjstmo njlais rmtis, emo `hoh fhrois jltmjriomltm rmkunirms, `ubis cjstjlëýms sð mxjstmo mo oòtui rmniëàh  ‐   ciï is `hlsjcmriëýms cm rminjcicm rmnitjvi (`hmrmltm ih smlsh `houo) m Uminjcicm Ieshnuti (trils`mlcmltm ä prjomjri).  Ljmns Ehar m [mrlmr Amjsmoemrk, `hoh fulcichrms ci tmhrji quåltj`i, `hlsjcmrio i liturmzi mssml`jin cis `hjsis, iesurci m pirichxin (mx2 mspiëh fjljth/jlfjljth7cmltrh/fhri7 ricjiëàh mnmtrhoiklêtj`i mnmtrhoiklêtj`i `hlstjtujr-sm sjountilmiomltm mo pirtï`unis m hlcis7 `i `iusi-m-mfmjth, usi-m-mfmjth, mt`.) Krhf (9:11, 9::;i), mojlmltm tmðrj`h ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, iphlti qum iqujnh qum sm iprmsmlti `hoh rmin, cjiltm ci nðkj`i m chs `jl`h smltjchs, li vmrcicm phcm smr `hlsjcmrich `hoh jnusàh sm mlfh`ich itrivês ch lhvh piricjkoi `jmltïfj`h hlcm tuch msté jltrjlsm`iomltm njkich lh uljvmrsh, cm fhroi jltmrcmpmlcmltm. Tiri i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hoh làh mstiohs cm fith smpirichs  ‐  i  i smpiritjvjcicm ê rmin piri uo lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji hrcjlérjh, m ê jnusàh piri h lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji cm ]ljcicm ‐  ]ljcicm  ‐   shohs uo thch, jltmjrh m `hmrmltm, mlvhnvjch mo uo jl`mssiltm prh`mssh cm oucilëi2 h ahnhohvjomlth (Civjc Ehao). Ehao `hnh`i h oulch mo fnuxh `hlstiltm hlcm „mstruturis mstévmjs cm quinqumr mspê`jm sàh lici oijs qum iestriëýms, m quinqumr hebmth cms`rjtïvmn, mltjcicm hu mvmlths sàh vjsths `hoh cmrjvichs cmrjvichs cm uoi thtinjcicm jlcmfjlïvmn m cms`hlam`jci‟ (Krhf, 9:11, p. =;).  =;).  piri iSrilspmsshin, Fïsj`i Ohcmrli eismici lischtmhrjis quåltj`i m ci êrmnitjvjcicm, `hohh  piri i Issjo, Tsj`hnhkji i iprmmlsàh uljvmrsh ch qum rmin smoprmemo jl`nuj hesmrvichr. I `hls`jâl`ji tmo pipmn prmchojliltm li mxpmrjâl`ji ci rminjcicm. Nmoeriohs iquj i smomnailëi `ho i Fmlhomlhnhkji qum jl`nuj h hesmrvichr lh fmlóomlh, mlfitjzilch sui jltmrfmrâl`ji lhs rmsuntichs, hu smbi, li pmr`mpëàh m `hl`mjtuiëàh ch hebmth m, `hlsmqþmltmomltm, ci rminjcicm. Fmlóomlh ê h jshniomlth cm uo fith, cm uoi sjkljfj`iëàh, `hrtilch-sm is ioirris `ho i ajsthrj`jcicm, i mxjstml`jinjcicm m itê i phssjejnjcicm cm sui mxjstâl`ji. Pmkulch Ohrmltm (9:;:) „thch `hlam`jomlth aé cm smr uo submjth sh erm sh erm uo hebmth. Cm ohch qum h pir, submjth `hklhs`mltm ‐  `hklhs`mltm  ‐  hebmth `hlam`jch, ê mssml`jin mo quinqumr `hlam`jomlth‟ (p.93;)7 `hlfjkurilch `hlfjkurilch-sm `hoh `hlam`jomlth smoprm mssi cuinjcicm. Thrêo mnm inmrti qum sm vmbi lmssi ipirmltm cuinjcicm làh uoi omri smpiriëàh, ois uoi `hrrmniëàh, cm jci m vhnti, vjsth qum h submjth ê submjth piri h hebmth m vj`m-vmrsi, làh sm phcmlch pmlsir mo uo smo h hutrh. Issjo hs tmrohs submjth m hebmth ch `hlam`jomlth (hu smbi, ci rminjcicm) sàh `hrrmnitjvhs.

 

  Tiri i Fmlhomlhnhkji, tin `hrrmniëàh ê tjci `hoh jrrmvmrsïvmn, phjs làh mxjstm  phssjejnjcicm cm qum h submjth sm thrlm hebmth m vj`m-vmrsi. H submjth ê h qum sij cm sj piri `iptir h hebmth, phssuï-nh phssuï-nh omcjiltm h pmlsiomlth. Thr hutrh nich, h hebmth „sm mltrmki ih submjth‟, vij  piri h submjth prhcuzjlch-nam uoi oucilëi2 h pmlsiomlth. H pmlsiomlth ê, issjo, rmsuntich cm uoi iëàh sjountålmi ch hebmth sherm h submjth m ch submjth ih jr piri h hebmth. I itjvjcicm ch submjth ê, phrtilth, `hopitïvmn `ho i sui rm`mptjvjcicm. H hebmth ê trils`mlcmltm mo rmniëàh ih submjth (vij inêo) m jssh vinm tilth piri hebmths rmijs `hoh jcmijs, phrqum tmo suis prhprjmcicms (qum làh virjio pmni iëàh ch submjth2 làh sàh cmskisticis, iuomlticis, lmo cjojluïcis). H hebmth ê smoprm trils`mlcmltm ih submjth phrqum msti `hrrmniëàh ê jrrmvmrsïvmn m phrqum làh phcm bioijs pmlmtrir lh submjth. H hebmth (rminjcicm) làh ê hebmth piri h submjth smlàh quilch `homëi i smr `hlam`jch.  Làh ê hebmth sm làh h fhr piri uo submjth. submjth. Tiri `hoprmmlcmr omnahr h fmlóomlh, li pmrspm`tjvi ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin,  phcmohs suestjtujr hebmth phr rminjcicm, iopnjilch-h. I rminjcicm trils`mlcm h submjth (h smu `ioph pmr`mptjvh, `hl`mjths, vinhrms, njojtiëýms cm pmlsiomlth mt`). Jsth ê `hrrmth, sm `hopirirohs qum h qum ê hesmrvévmn pmnh submjth ê rmnitjvh i smus njojtms, m qum, phrtilth, mxjstm uoi rminjcicm qum msté inêo, trils`mlcm h jlcjvïcuh7 uoi rminjcicm qum mxjstm jlcmpmlcmltm, ois sð sm thrli `hls`jmltm itrivês cm uo lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji intmrich ch hrcjlérjh. Thcmr-sm-jiciïcjzmr qum hm itjtucms submjth mo lïvmn phu`h prhfulch `hlm`ti mssi mnmomltirahnhkréfj`i, is rmiëýms phr vmzms `hoprmmlcjcis, cjz-rminjcicm cjz-sm2 sm2 „ikju  phr jopunsh‟, hu omsoh „smltju „smltju--sm uoi `mrti mstrilamzi li prðprji itjtucm‟, mltàh h submjth trilsjti li rminjcicm, lmni jltmrvjlch smo, mltrmtilth, ieriëé-ni mo thci sui thtinjcicm `hls`jmltm. Thrqum mssi rminjcicm qum cmnm trils`mlcm sm fiz `hlam`mr oijs prhfulciomltm quilch h submjth, mnm omsoh, sm iuthtrils`mlcm, pmlmtrilch li cjomlsàh ahnhkréfj`i m trizmlch ä `hls`jâl`ji i iprmmlsàh jltmjri (li omcjci ci sui pmr`mpëàh) cmssi rminjcicm qum i mnm sm iprmsmlti. Mo hutris pinivris, h submjth tmo njojtms piri pmr`memr i rminjcicm qum phr sui vmz sm njojti i tin iprmmlsàh, cm jkuin ohch h submjth sm mxpilcm m iopnjfj`i i pmr`mpëàh ci rminjcicm qum sm fiz iopnjici li sui `hls`jâl`ji trils`mlcmltm. Mssm ohvjomlth sm cé luoi `hlmxàh rm`ïprh`i. I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin phssuj i vjsàh cm oulch quiltuo-rmnitjvjsti, `hlstjtujlch-sm ahnïstj`i mi eus`ilch mstucir mstichs `hls`jâl`ji mxpmrjml`jichs pmnh hesmrvichr, hs quijs cmsvmnio rminjcicm  ‐  rminjcicm ‐   m   m phr qum làh cm cjzmr rminjcicms8 ]o cm smus oêthchs cm jlvmstjkiëàh ê,  phrtilth, fmlhomlhnðkj`h, mstucilch mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji piri `hlam`â-nhs `hoh lïvmjs cm rminjcicm. I rminjcicm lmsti pmrspm`tjvi surkm jlsmpirici ch hesmrvichr.  Li smcm pmnh `hlam`jomlth ch qum ê rmin, m nmoerilch qum smr mxprmssi-sm mo tuch qum mxjstm li liturmzi, „i fjnhshfji ê i `jâl`ji chs hebmths ch phlth cm vjsti ci thtinjcicm, mlquilth is `jâl`jis pirtj`unirms sàh hs smthrms pir`jijs ch smr, prhvïl`jis rm`hrticis cmltrh ch `hltjlmltm thtin ch smr‟. (Ohrmltm, 9:;:, p. 09)  09)   H iuthr i`joi `jtich iphlthu qum, mo kmrin, cjs`jpnjlis m mstuchs `hoh i hlthnhkji, i omtifïsj`i, i nðkj`i, i tmhrji ch `hlam`jomlth (klhsjhnhkji), i êtj`i, i mstêtj`i, i fjnhshfji ci rmnjkjàh, i psj`hnhkji m i sh`jhnhkji fhroivio pirtms m sm `hlstjtuïio prhvïl`jis cjfmrmltms ch tmrrjtðrjh ci fjnhshfji. Mxpnj`hu qum hutris cjs`jpnjlis sm cmsprmlcmrio, `hoh is oitmoétj`is, i fïsj`i, i quïoj`i m hutris, ch vmnah trhl`h ci fjnhshfji, quilch `hlsmkujrio `jr`uls`rmvmr uo ispm`th ci jomlsi rminjcicm, cmfjlj-ni m cmcj`ir-nam mxtrmoi itmlëàh.

 

  Hs fjnðshfhs ijlci sm h`upio cmstis cjs`jpnjlis. Cuis cmnis, i klhsjhnhkji m i hlthnhkji  pmroilm`mo lh `ioph fjnhsðfj`h quilch is hutris bé jlj`jirio uoi tmlcâl`ji i pirtj`unirjzir h hebmth. Pmkulch Ohrmltm, pmroilm`m ituin i cjs`ussàh sm i psj`hnhkji ê hu làh uoi cjs`jpnjli fjnhsðfj`i m tin cjs`ussàh sm mstmlcm ä sh`jhnhkji m ä mstêtj`i. Hesmrviohs mltàh `hoh i fjnhshfji prmtmlcm cmsjklir i thtinjcicm ch `hlam`jomlth m `hoh cmni sm njemrio `jâl`jis phr inombirmo i pirtj`unirjcicm, i mspm`jinjcicm, „i rm`hrtir uo  pmciëh ch smr cmltrh ch åoejth ci rminjcicm‟ (Ohrmltm, (Ohrmltm, 9:;:, p. 05). 05).   Issjo, ê phssïvmn `hoprmmlcmr h msfhrëh cm Frmuc mo prmtmlcmr trilsfhroir i psj`hnhkji mo `jâl`ji, eismilch-sm sui tmhrji psj`ilinïtj`i lh ohcmnh `jmltïfj`h lmwthljilh-`irtmsjilh,  eus`ilch `hopirtjomltinjzir smu hebmth cm mstuch (i psjqum auoili), `hlfmrjlch-nam fhrëis om`ålj`is, oissi, mstruturis, mltrm hutrhs itrjeuths, i fjo cm cir-nam h stitus cm `jâl`ji. Fjlinomltm, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, `ho sui vjsàh ahnïstj`i, prhpým-sm i mstiemnm`mr  phltms mltrm is fjnhshfjis (prjl`jpinomltm is cm tricjëýms hrjmltijs) m i `jâl`ji h`jcmltin, rmspincilch-sm lh piricjkoi quåltj`h-rmnitjvïstj`h cm rminjcicm. Pmu hebmtjvh ê rmskitir h `hlam`jomlth ci thtinjcicm m jltmkré-nh lh cis mspm`jinjcicms, ieir`ilch h `hopnmxh lh sjopnms, h `hnmtjvh lh sjlkunir, h `houo lh pirtj`unir m h uljvmrsin lh jlcjvjcuin. jlc jvjcuin.

9.0.5. Vjsàh cm ahomo H smr auoilh ê pirtm cm uo thch qum `aioiohs cm uljvmrsh, uoi pirtm njojtici lh tmoph m lh mspiëh. Mnm vâ i sj omsoh, smus pmlsiomlths m smltjomlths `hoh inkh smpirich ch rmsth, uoi mspê`jm cm jnusàh cm ðtj`i ci sui `hls`jâl`ji. Mssi jnusàh cm ðtj`i ê uoi mspê`jm cm prjsàh piri lðs, rmstrjlkjlch-lhs ihs lhsshs cmsmbhs m ifmjëýms pmsshijs. Lhssi tirmfi ê lhs njemrtir cmssi  prjsàh, iuomltilch i iopnjtucm ci lhssi `hopijxàh,  piri ieir`ir thcis is `rjituris vjvis m thci i liturmzi mo sui emnmzi. - Inemrt Mjlstmjl

I mstruturiëàh ci pmrshlinjcicm m i jcmltjcicm mkðj`i I oijhrji chs sjstmois mo psj`hnhkji tmo i pmrshlinjcicm `hoh i qumstàh qum cmfjlm i jcmltjcicm cm uoi pmsshi7 mo hutris pinivris ê i pmrshlinjcicm h qum i jcmltjfj`i. I siòcm omltin ê lmstm `hltmxth pmr`mejci cmltrh cm uo prh`mssh cm mstruturiëàh m iciptiejnjcicm.  Li pmrspm`tjvi trilspmsshin msti jophrtål`ji ê rmnitjvjzici, `hlsjcmrilch-sm i  pmrshlinjcicm „`hoh „`hoh   ipmlis uo ispm`th ch smr `ho h quin h jlcjvïcuh phcm, ois làh ê herjkich i fizâ-nh, jcmltjfj`ir-sm‟ jcmltjfj`ir-sm‟ (Viukail m [insa, 9::=, p.60).  p.60).  I siòcm omltin lmssm `hltmxth ê vjsti `hoh uo prh`mssh cm supmriëàh cis jcmltjfj`iëýms mx`nusjvis `ho i pmrshlinjcicm iltms qum uoi ohcjfj`iëàh cmsti, phjs intmrir i  pmrshlinjcicm ê pmroilm`mr prmsh ihs bhkhs cm jcmltjfj`iëýms qum i `hlstruïrio, phrtilth

 

ms`rivjzich i uoi iuth-joikmo7 mlquilth qum sm cmsjcmltjfj`ir phssjejnjti uoi iemrturi piri cjomlsýms oijs rj`is ci psjqum. [jnemr (9::6), rmlhoich tmðrj`h ci psj`hnhkji ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth cmltrh ci iehrcikmo trilspmsshin, cms`rmvmu, lhs prjoðrcjhs cm suis pmsqujsis, qum i pmrshlinjcicm vijsm mstruturilch i pirtjr ch lis`jomlth, cm mstékjhs cm thtin jlcjfmrml`jiëàh itê h mstiemnm`jomlth cm uoi cjfmrml`jiëàh mo lïvmn cm mkh, kricuinomltm mvhnujlch piri uoi jlcjvjcuinjziëàh `ici vmz oijs shfjstj`ici. Jsth rmprmsmlti h lïvmn mkðj`h ch prh`mssh qum sm jltjtuni mvhnuëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji.  Lh lïvmn mkðj`h, h prh`mssh `iri`tmrjzi-sm pmni pissikmo itrivês chs mstékjhs  pnmrhoétj`h, urheðrj`h, tjfólj`h, sð`jh-vmrein, omltin-mkðj`h m `mltéurj`h, smlch mstm òntjoh h oijs cjfmrml`jich cm thchs cmstm lïvmn, `iri`tmrjzilch i fhroiëàh ch mkh. Mssi mvhnuëàh lh lïvmn mkðj`h ê piri mnm uoi fhroi trilsjtðrji qum sm cjrjkm ihs `iophs trilspmsshijs ch smr. Issjo, mo sui vjsàh jlj`jin, jltmrprmtici phr oujths `hoh njlmir, h jlcjvïcuh vij iopnjilch sui jcmltjcicm piri uoi jltmkriëàh `ho h ]ljvmrsh `ho lïvmjs oijs sutjs ci rminjcicm rmni`jhlichs `ho i rminjcicm qum trils`mlcm h `hlsmlsuin, hs `jl`h smltjchs, hu smbi, mo cjrmëàh i uoi „Jcmltjcicm Srilspmsshin‟, `hoh lhomji Emrthnu``j (9::9). (9::9).   Krhf (9:11) cjs`hrchu cmssi pmr`mpëàh wjnemrjili cm njlmirjcicm cm tmoph li `hlstruëàh ci jcmltjcicm, phjs i`rmcjti qum i pmrshlinjcicm ê ountjljvmnici, hu smbi, smus cjvmrshs lïvmjs sm mltrmniëio jltmrfmrmo mltrm sj, `hltjluiomltm. ihs lïvmjs mo cm `hls`jâl`ji pmrjlitin (omoðrjism jltri-utmrjlis, rmfmrmltms ä `hl`mpëàh,Umphrti-sm kmstiëàh, ohomlths thrlh ch pirth, iltms m cmphjs)7 cm `hls`jâl`ji ch psj`hcjlåoj`h (pmrïhch ch lis`jomlth itê h  prmsmltm), m cm `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin (shermtuch qum trils`mlcm hs `jl`h smltjchs2 i `hls`jâl`ji inêo ch mkh, inêo ch tmoph m ch mspiëh7 jl`nusjvm ierjlch i pmrspm`tjvi piri mxpmrjâl`jis irqujvicis lh jl`hls`jmltm `hnmtjvh, hrjkjlicis fjnhkmlmtj`iomltm m/hu hlthkmlmtj`iomltm, mxpmrjâl`jis jltmrri`jijs, jltmr`unturijs, `hoh tioeêo piri mxpmrjâl`jis cm vjcis pissicis). [hhnkmr (9:11) cmohlstri `hl`hrcål`ji `ho Ptiljsniv Krhf, mxpnj`jtilch mo sui `hoprmmlsàh ci pmrshlinjcicm, itrivês ch cjikrioi ci Fnhr cm Nðtus (vmr `ipïtunh JJJ cmstm njvrh) `hoh i `hls`jâl`ji ountjljvmnici eus`i i jltmkriëàh m i ahomhstism itrivês ci rmshnuëàh chs criois ci inoi m ch mqujnïerjh chs hphsths. Sijs criois rmprmsmltio sjtuiëýms jli`ieicis, triuois hu enhqumjhs, hrjkjlichs mlmsti hu mo ‐ hutris vjcis, hu mophr mstichs jltmromcjérjhs  ‐   `hoh h eirch (mspiëh mltrm-vjcis) h pmrjlitin ‐  pmrjlitin  omsoh  omsoh qum vjsths mnm tioeêo she i ðtj`i fmlhomlhnðkj`i, làh cms`irtilch i phssjejnjcicm ci prhcuëàh joikjlitjvi ch jl`hls`jmltm. Issjo, suepmrshlinjcicms ch pissich phcmo mstir ituilch li cjlåoj`i ci pmrshlinjcicm ituin. I jcmltjcicm mkðj`i (`ho j ojlòs`unh) `hopým-sm ciqujnh qum sm `hlstjtuj rmnitjvh ih jlcjvïcuh2 smu lhom, sui ajstðrji pmsshin, suis h`upiëýms, smus `hoprhojsshs sh`jijs, smus ifmths, sui prhfjssàh, pipêjs qum mxmr`m li vjci. I joikmo qum `hlstrðj cm sj omsoh rmprmsmlti smu mkh. I iuth-joikmo ê lm`mssérji `hoh uo rmfmrml`jin cmltrh ch `hltmxth tilth jlcjvjcuin `hoh sh`jin, smrvjlch cm „kuircjà‟, `hlfhrom cmsti`i Oiths (ojomh), phjs mni „prhtmkm‟ mlquilth nam `hlfmrm uoi jcmltjcicm qum nam pmrojtm ituir lh oulch cmltrh cm uoi sh`jmcicm mspm`ïfj`i, cilch-nam inkuoi smkurilëi. Pmo tin rmfmrml`jin, i pmsshi sm smltm pmrcjci, smo njojtms, phrtilth submjti i iomiëis. Mltrmtilth, Nêh Oiths prhssmkum ifjroilch qum quilch i pmsshi sm ipmki i sui iuthjoikmo, jcmltjfj`ilch-sm `ho mni cm fhroi mxikmrici, mni sm thrli uoi prjsàh. Mo vmz cm

 

kuircjà, trilsfhroi-sm trilsfhroi-sm luo „kuirci‟, qum i phnj`ji `hlstiltmomltm piri qum itum cm i`hrch `ho picrýms prê-mstiemnm`jchs, thnamlch sui njemrcicm m msphltilmjcicm. Ê `hoh hesmrvhu Issikjhnj (ipuc Viukail m [insa, 9::;)2 Phohs chojlichs phr tuch iqujnh `ho qum h lhssh mu sm jcmltjfj`i. Tiri Issikjhnj (9::5), uo chs prm`urshrms ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, `rjichr ci Tsj`hssïltmsm, i pmrshlinjcicm sm `hlstjtuj cm suepmrshlinjcicms ‐  suepmrshlinjcicms  ‐  mstruturis   mstruturis suecjlåoj`is qum tâo uoi mxjstâl`ji rmnitjviomltm smpirici. I oijhrji cis supmrshlinjcicms sm rmni`jhli rmni`jhl i `ho hs  pipêjs qum cmsmopmlaiohs li vjci `hoh tioeêo `ho `iophs mspjrjtuijs m mnmomlths `hnmtjvhs ci psjqum.  Li vjsàh ithojsti ci Tsj`hssïltmsm, qum mlfitjzi i jophrtål`ji ful`jhlin ci vhlticm lh cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci pmrshlinjcicm, h ahomo sm ml`hltri mo `hlstiltm prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth, ituinjzilch smu phtml`jin jltrïlsm`h. I pirtjr cm uoi `hls`jmltjziëàh chs vérjhs „mus‟, hu smbi, cis suepmrshlinjcicms, pissilch phr cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh chs omsohs (lis pinivris cm Oiths, ci iuth-joikmo) m cmsmlvhnvmlch `ipi`jcicm piri `hltrhné-nhs, `hltrhné-nhs, ml`hltri h „@mltrh Tsj`hnðkj`h ]ljfj`ichr‟, `unojlilch h prh`mssh cm iuth-rminjziëàh iuth -rminjziëàh m jltmkriëàh chs vérjhs „mus‟.   „mus‟. ]oi cis cjstjlëýms cmssm sjstmoi mo rmniëàh ä Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ê qum i Tsj`hssïltmsm fh`injzi i njlkuikmo sjoeðnj`i ci psjqum lmknjkml`jilch iqumnis mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs qum li hpjljàh cm Krhf (9:11) phcmrjio smr jltmrprmticis „rmfnmxhs cm oitrjzms cm ml`irliëýms iltmrjhrms, kmlujliomltm il`mstrijs, fjnhkmlêtj`is`hoh m ri`jijs, hu `ho mxpmrjâl`jis iutâltj`is ci `hls`jâl`ji cm hutri pmsshi, cm iljoijs hu cm hutrhs ispm`ths ch oulch fmlhomlin‟ (p.930). Issikjhnj `hoprmmlcm qum mstis mxpmrjâl`jis pirm`mo pmrtml`mr äs mstruturis psïquj`is iestritis m phr mnis sàh ieshnvjcis. Emrthnu``j (9::9) ifjroi qum she h vêu ch lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji hrcjlérjh, ch `hltmxth cuinïstj`h cm smpiritjvjcicm, h jlcjvïcuh mxpmrjml`ji h smltjomlth cm jl`hopnmtucm m h omch ci  pmrci ch qum supým smr hu phssujr, rmpmr`utjlch mo omch ci iljqujniëàh ch mkh. Mo uo lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji oijs prhfulch, tin jl`hopnmtucm làh fiz oijs smltjch phr sm pmr`memr jltmkrich i thch h ]ljvmrsh, mxpmrjml`jilch i finti cm nðkj`i mo cmjxir cm smr hu phssujr iqujnh qum bé ê hu bé phssuj mo sj omsoh.  Lh `hltmxth cm rminjcicm ieshnuti (@ipri, 9:10) i iomiëi jlmxjstm, ê jl`hlkrumltm, m Emrtunu``j mlfitjzi ch i jophrtål`ji cm sm trieinair h smrihauoilh piri `hltitir `ho i iopnjiëàh cm sui `hls`jâl`ji2 lïvmn mkðj`h-cuinïstj`h-rmstrjth lïvmn trilspmsshin-ahnïstj`h-iopnjich. H lïvmn cm jcmltjcicm mkðj`h rmpmr`utm, smkulch Emrtunu``j, mo smltjomlths cm jliciptiëàh, jlsmkurilëi, shnjcàh, ikrmssjvjcicm, `hopmtjëàh, ilkòstji, frustriëàh, ilsjmcicm, ih mlrjbm`mr is cmfmsis mkðj`is ch jlcjvïcuh. Ä omcjci qum mnm mvhnuj piri lïvmjs `ici vmz oijs supmrjhrms, jltmkrichrms, uljfj`ichrms, fnmxjejnjzi-is, pmrojtjlch-sm mstir li vjci oijs njvrmomltm, `ici vmz `ho omlhs ilsjmcicm, jlcmpmlcmltm cm prm`hl`mjths, fnujlch `ho oijs trilqþjnjcicm, iuthlhoji, smkurilëi, smltjomlth cm `ipi`jcicm m `hhpmriëàh `ho h hutrh m `ho thch h uljvmrsh (qum ê mnm omsoh), cm `mrth qum mo untripissilch mssi jltmrcjëàh prhvh`ici  pmnhs njojtms ci `hls`jâl`ji hrcjlérji, h smr in`ilëi mstichs tijs qum `iri`tmrjzichs pmni ahnhkrifji nam pmrojtmo jl`nujr-sm lh thch ch uljvmrsh ih tmoph mo qum lmnm sm pmr`mem ]lh. Tiri vjiejnjzir tin prh`mssh mvhnutjvh cm iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji, Emrtunu``j iphlti h hebmtjvh cm thci psj`htmripji trilspmsshin2 h qum mni cmlhojli cm „Tsj`hcjlåoj`i ci trilsfhroiëàh‟. Mstm sm mstiemnm`m itrivês ch prh`mssh ohrtm-rmlis`jomlth ohrtm -rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h ch mkh  phssjejnjtilch issjo ih jlcjvïcuh qum in`il`m inêo ci `hls`jâl`ji ch `hlfnjth m ci `itirsm m

 

qum prhohvi i cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh mkðj`i (lh lïvmn chs ipmkhs, cis jnusýms, cis iroicjnais ch mkh) `hltitir m mxprmssir `ici vmz oijs sui jcmltjcicm trils`mlcmltm2 h smnf  h smnf . I Jcmltjcicm Srilspmsshin Yuilch làh lhs `hlam`mohs h sufj`jmltm, quilch làh tmohs `hls`jâl`ji ch qum cm fith shohs, ê fé`jn cmjxiroh-lhs ms`rivjzir, iprjsjhlilch-lhs pmni jnusàh ci iuth-joikmo, phrqum i`rmcjtiohs qum shohs mni omsoi, m làh pmr`memohs i cjfmrmlëi mltrm mni m i „Jcmltjcicm Vmrcicmjri‟ qum trils`mlcm h mkh, i pmsshi m i joikmo.  joikmo.   Emrthnu``j (9::9) rmfmrm qum i jcmltjcicm inêo ch mkh jl`nuj uo iopnh mspm`trh cm mxpmrjâl`jis qum virjio cm pmsshi piri pmsshi. H mxmr`ï`jh cis fulëýms trils`mlcmltms fivhrm`m i iopnjiëàh ch mkh m h prh`mssh qum i cmsml`icmji ê `aioich cm „cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh‟ (ch smltjch cm jcmltjcicm rmstrjth, chs ipmkhs). H Pmnf , `mltrh psïquj`h hu `hls`jâl`ji suprmoi mxpmrjml`jich i prjl`ïpjh phr ermvms smkulchs, `hlstjtuj uo `iojlah piri i mspjrjtuinjcicm. Ioeis, i psj`htmripji m i pmrspm`tjvi trilspmsshin, hebmtjvio fi`jnjtir i siïci cis prjsýms cis rïkjcis jcmltjfj`iëýms, `hoh i ci cmpmlcâl`ji mo rmniëàh ih oulch, piri qum issjo phssi mxpilcjr sui jcmltjcicm m `amkir i Uminjziëàh Tnmli, qum msté inêo ch mqujnïerjh prhvjsðrjh cis `hlqujstis mkðj`is. Emrthnu``j sinjmlti qum mssi m mspjrjtuin ê `ipiz cm h`hrrmr quilch lðs omsohs shohs fhltms cmssisitjsfiëàh sitjsfiëàh,psïquj`i `hltitilch, ih omlhssðmo pirtm lhssi vmrcicmjri liturmzi. H `mltrh psïquj`h ê uoi `hlcjëàh `hls`jmltm m pirtj`jpitjvi cm uo Shch, mo airohlji `ho i liturmzi qum mxjstm mo `ici smr. Trhohvm uo smltjomlth cm `hopnmtucm. Aé, `hltuch, hesté`unhs piri `hltité-nh2 h mkh iprmsmlti is cmfmsis, oiljfmstilch vérjhs `hlfnjths `hls`jmltms hu jl`hls`jmltms, cmjxilch-sm chojlir pmnhs jopunshs, punsýms, phr smu iuthoitjsoh m `hopunsjvjcicm, `hlfhrom iphlti [jnemr (9::6). Emrthnu``j sm rmfmrm ä vjsàh psj`ilinïtj`i ch mkh, `hopirilch-i `ho i vjsàh qum tmo i  pmrspm`tjvi trilspmsshin, sinjmltilch `hlvmrkâl`jis m cjvmrkâl`jis, luoi ilénjsm jltmrmssiltm qum phssjejnjti uoi oijhr `hoprmmlsàh ci rmniëàh mltrm is cuis vjsýms. Pmkujlch h `ursh cmssm mltmlcjomlth mni rm`hlam`m vinhrhsi i `hltrjeujëàh ci  psj`ilénjsm frmucjili li cms`rjëàh cms`rjëàh chs `hlfnjths qum rmprmsmltio h mkh, ipmsir cm Frmuc `hlfmrjr  prjoizji ä cjlåoj`i chs `hlfnjths thcimomxpmrjâl`ji auoili. Sin iuthri mstii `hltrjeujëàh psj`ilinïtj`i ê òtjn lisherm omcjci qum sinjmlti i jophrtål`ji ch phltui `hlfnjthqum piri  psjqum m mxpnj`jti sui cjlåoj`i. Tiri i psj`ilénjsm, li smkulci tðpj`i frmucjili sherm is rmniëýms mltrm punsýms cm vjci m  punsýms cm ohrtm, hs pðnhs ch `hlfnjth hu sm ojsturio hu sm ifistio (fusàh m cmsfusàh cis  punsýms). I rmshnuëàh ch `hlfnjth psïquj`h cé-sm i pirtjr cm uoi fhroiëàh cm `hoprhojssh (sjlthoi pithnðkj`h) hu fnmxjejnjziëàh chs om`iljsohs cmfmlsjvhs ch mkh vjsilch ä prhcuëàh cm sjlthois qum phssio smr `hopirtjnaichs sh`jinomltm (làh pithnðkj`hs). @hl`hrciohs `ho Emrthnu``j (9::9) quilch sinjmlti qum, ipmsir ch trieinah mo `joi ci cjfmrml`jiëàh cm `ici uo chs pðnhs tioeêo smbi rminjzich li psj`htmripji trilspmsshin, hebmtjvilch-sm i thoici cm `hls`jâl`ji ch `hlfnjth, mni làh h shnu`jhli. Omsoh qum uo chs pðnhs `mci ih hutrh she inkuoi `hlcjëàh, jssh sð nmvi ä oilutmlëàh ch `hlfnjth7 nhlkm ci supmriëàh m trils`mlcâl`ji, m i smrvjëh cis cmfmsis mkðj`is. „I trils`mlcâl`ji sð ê phssïvmn itrivês ci cjsshnuëàh ch `hlfnjth, cis cmfmsis m ci trilsfhroiëàh ricj`in chs ispm`ths jrrm`hl`jnjévmjs‟ jrrm`hl`jnjévmjs‟ (jcmo, p.0=).  p.0=). 

 

  Cm fith, ê lm`mssérjh trilsfhroir is phnirjcicms m, piri tilth, h `iojlah ê h omsoh ci iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji. Pmkulch Emrthnu``j, i supmriëàh chs `hlfnjths psïquj`hs sð ê  phssïvmn quilch h`hrrm uoi trilsfhroiëàh ricj`in ccii `hls`jâl`ji. Shoilch msti pmrspm`tjvi, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin eus`i phssjejnjtir i`mssh i lïvmjs inêo ch mkh itrivês cm mstichs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji m ê jssh qum `hl`hrrm piri i trils`mlcâl`ji chs pðnhs ch `hlfnjth,  prhvh`ilch shnuëàh ch omsoh.  Luo mxmopnh cm `hlfnjth mltrm uoi punsàh m uoi mxjkâl`ji ch supmrmkh, `hoh lh cmsmbh cm oitir inkuêo, Emrthnu``j `hlsjcmri is tmltitjvis cm airohljziëàh ch mkh submjtis i fri`issirmo. Sin cmsmbh sð phcmré cmfjljtjviomltm shnu`jhlir-sm trilsfhroilch-sm mo inkh lhvh, phr mxmopnh2 lmutrinjcicm, `hopijxàh mt`. Pmlàh, i mvhnuëàh làh h`hrrmré, phjs jopnj`i mo qum h ahomo cmpmlcmré cm phnj`jiomlth jltmrlh hu mxtmrlh. Omsoh qum inkuo „`hoprhojssh‟ sm mstiemnmëi li cjlåoj`i jltripsïquj`i, h `hlfnjth `hltjlui hpmrilch, hpmrilch , luo mqujnïerjh prhvjsðrjh, mlmrkmtj`iomltm cmskistiltm, prhlth i momrkjr i quinqumr q uinqumr tmoph. Mltrm hutris cjstjlëýms, i iehrcikmo trilspmsshin cjfmrm ci psj`ilinïtj`i li omcjci mo qum Frmuc hpým h hrkiljsoh ih omjh, submjth ih hebmth, h jltmrjhr ih mxtmrjhr, sinjmltilch i smpiritjvjcicm, mlquilth i prjomjri mlfh`i i jltmkriëàh, i làh-cuinjcicm. Frmuc tioeêo iphlti i `hls`jâl`ji itrmnici ih mkh, `ho fulëýms njojticis, m jssh làh h`hrrm li trilspmsshin. Hutri cjvmrkâl`ji ê h `hl`mjth cm „prjl`ïpjh cm rminjcicm‟ i qum h mkh cmvm sm thci sueomtmr, suebukilch-sm, piri làhsherm smr mlquicrich psj`hpithnhkji. Ihtrilspmsshin. mkh mltàh ê lmkici `rjitjvjcicm/rmsphlsiejnjcicm i rminjcicm,mo h qum làh h`hrrm li Msti h vâ `rjichr cmssm omsoh prjl`jpjh, mxmr`mlch issjo uo pipmn itjvh sherm h omsoh. Frmuc mlfjo mxpým h mkh `hoh nukir `mltrin cm thcis is psj`hcjlåoj`is kmricis pmnh lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji ci vjsàh smpiritjvjsti. I `hltrérjh smlsh, i iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji piri lïvmjs inêo ch mkh, ä omcjci qum cjojluj is cjvjsýms jltmrlis m mxtmrlis, ê h `iojlah iphltich pmni trilspmsshin piri i fnmxjejnjziëàh cis cmfmsis mkðj`is m jltmkriëàh airohljhsi cis cjvmrsis pirtms mo qumstàh. Sin `hl`mjth cm psj`hcjlåoj`i, iopnjich mo rmniëàh ä pmrspm`tjvi psj`ilinïtj`i, ê `aioich cm „psj`hcjlåoj`i ci trilsfhroiëàh‟.  trilsfhroiëàh‟.  I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hl`hrci `ho i Tsj`ilénjsm m ml`hltri ierjkh lis tricjëýms hrjmltijs lh qum cjz rmspmjth ä pmr`mpëàh chs cuinjsohs prhvh`ichs pmnh mkh. Ciï, i jophrtål`ji sm `hlam`mr h ful`jhliomlth mkðj`h piri trils`mlcâ-nh itrivês ci cjsshnuëàh cis jcêjis cm cm shnjcmz, mxjstâl`ji m ipmkh.  Lmssm smltjch, i trilspmsshin hfmrm`m uoi nmjturi fmlhomlhnðkj`i ci rminjcicm, jlch inêo chs `hlcj`jhliomlths sh`jijs m ajstðrji pmsshin, itmlti ä phtml`jinjcicm mxpmrjml`jin cm `ici jlcjvïcuh, phsth qum i`rmcjti li trils`mlcâl`ji ch mkh m mstuci suis `hlsmqþâl`jis `hltmxtuinjzilch-h tilth lh ispm`th `hls`jml`jhlin hrcjlérjh, quilth luoi pmrspm`tjvi trils`mlcmltm7 mstm ê hutrh phlth cjvmrkmltm mltrm mstis cuis iehrcikmls. 9.0.0. @irthkrifjis ci `hls`jâl`ji I`rms`mltilch äs cjomlsýms hrkålj`i, sh`jin m `unturin uoi mxtmlsàh ci cjomlsàh  psj`hnðkj`i piri jl`nujr fmlóomlhs mlvhnvmlch uoi mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji oijs inêo chs njojtms usuijs ch mkh m cis njojtiëýms cm tmoph m mspiëh, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hlstruju `irthkrifjis ci `hls`jâl`ji, iphjilch-sm mo cjvmrsis tmhrjis. Lh mltilth, [jnemr cmsti`i qum is

 

oijs prhmojlmltms jlfnuâl`jis tâo pirtjch ci tmhrji cm sjstmois, chs mstuchs chs mstichs intmrichs (hu cjstjlths) cm `hls`jâl`ji, ch ohcmnh ahnhtrðpj`h cm Krhf, cis cjvmrsis fhrois cm  psj`hnhkji bulkujili m ch mspm`trh hu iehrcikmo jltmkrin cm [jnemr. Tissiohs mltàh, i uoi ermvm sïltmsm cm inkuls chs ohcmnhs cm `irthkrifji ci `hls`jâl`ji oijs `houls mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin.

9.0.0.9. Ptiljsniv Krhf ‐  ohcmnh  ohcmnh ahnhtrðpj`h ci `hls`jâl`ji @ho fhroiëàh psjqujétrj`i m psj`ilinïtj`i, h t`am`h Ptiljsniv Krhf cmcj`hu-sm lhs  prjoðrcjhs cm smus trieinahs, ä pmsqujsi `ho h ush ch NPC `hoh rm`ursh piri mstuchs `ho intmriëàh cm `hls`jâl`ji. Tmni frmqþmltm h`hrrâl`ji ci intmriëàh rmspjritðrji lh submjth cm  pmsqujsi, Krhf pisshu i trieinair `ho i phssjejnjcicm cm prhohvmr iqumnis intmriëýms cm `hls`jâl`ji tàh shomltm `ho i mxi`mreiëàh ch prh`mssh rmspjritðrjh, i qum phstmrjhromltm vmjh i sjstmoitjzir, lhomilch thch h prh`mcjomlth cm trieinah `hoh rmspjriëàh ahnhtrðpj`i, h qum nam fivhrm`mu i `hlstruëàh cm uoi `irthkrifji ci `hls`jâl`ji ountjljvmnici m jltmrcmpmlcmltm, `hlsjcmrici lh omjh trilspmsshin `hoh uoi cis oijs `hopnmtis m cm ush oijs cjfulcjch. Iehrcilch i omltm mo lïvmjs, smus trieinahs tâo iopnjich i pmr`mpëàh cis rmkjýms ch jl`hls`jmltm auoilh, cm fhroi psj`hnðkj`is i jl`nujr uoi jomlsi kioi cm fmlóomlhs itê mltàh fhri ch åoejth cm mstuch cis cjs`jpnjlis m psjqujétrj`is. Cjcitj`iomltm, Krhf (9:11,9::3i, 9::;i, 5444) prhpým uoi `irthkrifji ci omltm mo quitrh lïvmjs2 luo prjomjrh lïvmn cm jlvmstjkiëàh ch jls`hls`jmltm lhs cmpiriohs `ho h ispm`th iestrith m mstêtj`h, pissilch piri h lïvmn psj`hcjlåoj`h, cmphjs piri h pmrjlitin m phr fjo h lïvmn trilspmsshin, mstm hrcmliomlth ê omriomltm cjcétj`h, uoi vmz qum sui `hlmxàh làh hemcm`m i uo picràh ajmrérquj`h, smqþml`jin. Mstms lïvmjs qum phcmo smr ml`hltrichs li bé mxtmlsi ejenjhkrifji prhcuzjci pmnh iuthr smràh i smkujr `hopi`tichs2

i. Lïvmn iestrith m mstêtj`h.  Lmstm lïvmn phcmrmspjritðrjh h`hrrmr uoi intmriëàh ismlsh-pmr`mptjvi pmnhs mfmjths iuomlth ch prh`mssh prhvh`ilch ajpmrvmltjniëàh.prhvh`ici @hrms, pmsshis, hebmths chm fhrois kmhoêtrj`is kilaio uo rmin`m lis joikmls omltijs `ho uo iuomlth oir`iltm ci mohtjvjcicm, h qum ê rmfhrëich pmnh ush cm oòsj`is mvh`itjvis. H mxmopnh i smkujr fhj `hnajch luoi smssàh tmripâutj`i, i pirtjr cm uoi mltrici mo uo mstich intmrich cm `hls`jâl`ji. H pi`jmltm eistiltm ohejnjzich ifmtjviomltm pisshu i rmspjrir cm fhroi i`mnmrici, cms`rmvmlch is smkujltms smlsiëýms m pmr`mpëýms2 Pjlth omu `hrph mnmtrjzich, `hoh uoi `hrrmltm mnêtrj`i i pmr`hrrâ-nh. Cmsfjni lhs omus hnahs uo oulch cm fhrois kmhoêtrj`is. Shchs hs hebmths i ojlai vhnti kilaio uo ispm`th jlcmfjljch2 hri sm trilsfhroio mo `ïr`unhs `hnhrjchs hri mo quicrichs, hri mo trjålkunhs. Is `hrms chs hebmths fj`io oijs jltmlsis, vjerilch m sm trilsfhroilch i `ici jlstiltm, ê uo bhkh vjeriltm cm `hrms m fhrois. Aé pmqumlis mxpnhsýms qum prhvh`io is oucilëis cm fhroi m cm erjnah. (irqujvh chs iuthrms)

 

 

e. Lïvmn Tsj`hcjlåoj`h.

Ierilkmlch i érmi cm mstuch ci psj`ilénjsm, mstm lïvmn pmrojtm `hltith `ho omoðrjis jlfiltjs mlknheilch uoi iopni kioi cm fmlóomlhs, smlch hs oijs jophrtiltms cmrjvichs cis rmniëýms prjojtjvis ci `rjilëi `ho smus pijs, `hoh phr mxmopnh h `hopnmxh cm Êcjph m smus jlòomrhs cmscheriomlths. Lmstm lïvmn, tmohs is ajpðtmsms psj`ilinïtj`is `hoprhvicis m iopnjicis, phjs oujtis cis joikmls omltijs qum momrkmo lmstm mstékjh ml`hltrio suis riïzms mo lïvmjs oijs prjojtjvhs ci omltm. I `hlmxàh chs mnmomlths chs cjvmrshs lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji ê fmjti itrivês cm uoi `hopnmxi `hlstmniëàh cmlhojlici phr Krhf (9::;i) cm PM@s (Pjstmois cm Mxpmrjâl`ji @hlcmlsici) hu @HMQ qum phcm smr issjo cmfjljci2 "]o PM@ phcm smr cmfjljch `hoh uoi `hlstmniëàh mspm`ïfj`i cm nmoerilëis qum `hlsjstmo mo mxpmrjâl`jis `hlcmlsicis (m filtisjis issh`jicis) cm cjfmrmltms  pmrïhchs ci vjci ch jlcjvïcuh." (p.949) Jsth sjkljfj`i qum quilch nmoeriohs ch pissich, cjvmrsis vjvâl`jis ml`icmicis kmrinomltm sàh trizjcis ih `hls`jmltm `hoh sm pmrtml`mssmo i uo enh`h. Krhf `aioi mssms  enh`hs cm Pjstmois cm Mxpmrjâl`ji @hlcmlsicis (PM@s), cjvjcjlch-hs cm i`hrch `ho sui `irki moh`jhlin eésj`i mo PM@s phsjtjvhs m PM@s lmkitjvhs. Hs prjomjrhs `hlcmlsirjio is mxpmrjâl`jis moh`jhlijs ikricévmjs mlquilth hs smkulchs `hlcmlsio mxpmrjâl`jis moh`jhlinomltm cmsikricévmjs. H mxmopnh i smkujr prhphr`jhliré uoi omnahr `hoprmmlsàh2 Pubmjth vmo i tmripji ohvjch phr jltmlsi ilsjmcicm frmltm i lhvis sjtuiëýms7 iprmsmltilch sjlijs cm pålj`h phr cjvmrsis vmzms. Ih nhlkh ch prh`mssh tmripâutj`h mltri mo `hltith `ho uoi sêrjm cm PM@s lmkitjvis (pmrci ci liohrici rm`mltmomltm, oucilëi cm moprmkh7 ohrtm cm iojkh ci ichnms`âl`ji, oucilëi cm `hnêkjh, ohrtm cm iljoijs cm mstjoiëàh li jlfål`ji, mt`.) hlcm h lò`nmh `mltrin kjrivi mo thrlh ci  O]CILËI/TMUCI. Umvjvmlch mxpmrjml`jinomltm suis pmrcis, h submjth pócm rmskitir uoi omoðrji oujth prjojtjvi ci pmrci cm sui "oàm cm nmjtm", cmvjch i lm`mssjcicm cm oucilëi chs smus pijs piri uoi lhvi `jcicm, quilch h omsoh ijlci mri oujth  pmqumlh. Issjo, mo thrlh cmsti mxpmrjâl`ji lu`nmir cm O]CILËI/TMUCI fhj  fhroilch-sm uoi `icmji cm mxpmrjâl`jis, hlcm thci oucilëi pisshu i smr vjsti `hoh inkh prhfulciomltm iomiëichr, kmrilch issjo ilsjmcicm mxi`mreici. Hs `ishs `nïlj`hs chs tmðrj`hs psj`ilinïtj`hs ni`iljilhs (Chnth, 9:11, 9::5), qum `hlsjcmrio h jl`hls`jmltm mstruturich `hoh njlkuikmo m irtj`unich luoi rmcm cm sjkljfj`iltms, `ubh prjomjrh ê h "sjkljfj`iltm omstrm", sàh uo eho mxmopnh chs `hl`mjths mxphsths phr Krhf. Smðrj`hs `hoh Chnth (9::1) rmssintio i jophrtål`ji chs fmlóomlhs h`hrrjchs curiltm i krivjcmz `hoh jophrtiltms li `hlstjtujëàh ch submjth.

`. Lïvmn Tmrjlitin hu Uilgjilh.  Lmssm lïvmn sjtuio-sm is mxpmrjâl`jis qum mlvhnvmo prhenmois rmni`jhlichs ä ohrtm m ih lis`jomlth, ci ikhlji, ch shfrjomlth, ci chmlëi m ci cm`rmpjtucm. Is pmsqujsis cm Krhf (9:11) fjzmrio-lh rmskitir m iopnjir hs trieinahs pjhlmjrhs cm Htth Uilg i`mr`i ch triuoi cm lis`jomlth, ciï h lhom "rilgjilh" itrjeuïch i mstm lïvmn.

 

  I `hlstitiëàh ci sjojnjtucm mltrm h mstich qum prm`mcm h lis`jomlth m h mstich qum sm smkum ä ohrtm ê i oijhr `hlsmqþâl`ji piri i rmfnmxàh fjnhsðfj`i sherm is mxpmrjâl`jis pmrjlitijs. Hs mnmomlths hesmrvichs lis mxpmrjâl`jis pmrjlitijs fhrio hrkiljzichs mo quitrh Oitrjzms Tmrjlitijs Eésj`is (OTEs) `hrrmsphlcmltms ihs cjfmrmltms mstékjhs ch lis`jomlth  ejhnðkj`h. Krhf (9::1) cms`rmvm is Oitrjzms Tmrjlitijs Eésj`is `hoh2 "... sjstmois cm rmkuniëàh cjlåoj`i ajphtêtj`hs qum phssumo uoi fulëàh lh lïvmn rilgjilh ch jl`hls`jmltm smomnailtm ä fulëàh qum tâo hs PM@s lh lïvmn  psj`hcjlåoj`h frmucjilh." (p.94=)  Li smqþâl`ji i smkujr, cmsti`irmohs ermvmomltm hs fmlóomlhs hesmrvichs mo `ici uoi cis quitrh oitrjzms, eus`ilch mxmopnjfj`é-nhs `ho frikomlths cm `ishs `nïlj`hs `hnajchs pmnhs iuthrms cmstm njvrh.

Oitrjz Tmrjlitin Eésj`i J (OTE J) Tinivris @aivm2 uljàh prjohrcjin `ho i oàm, âxtism h`målj`h hu iphnïlmh, thtinjcicm m h uljvmrsh ioljðtj`h, piz lh òtmrh. 5444) i eismcuriltm ejhnðkj`i cmsti oitrjz ê i uljcicm sjoejðtj`i hrjkjlinPmkulch ch fmth Krhf `ho h(9::;i, hrkiljsoh oitmrlh i mxjstâl`ji jltri-utmrjli prê-litin, lmstm ohomlth h fmth làh tmo pmr`mpëàh cm frhltmjris m làh cjfmrml`ji mltrm h jltmrlh m h mxtmrlh. Yuilch i fism jltri-utmrjli trils`hrrm smo pmrtureiëýms (cm liturmzi fïsj`i, quïoj`i, ejhnðkj`i hu psj`hnðkj`i) vjvmo-sm tjpj`iomltm mxpmrjâl`jis cm mxjstâl`ji smo frhltmjris hu njojtms,  phcmlch-sm jcmltjfj`ir `ho kinéxjis, `ho h mspiëh jltmrmstmnir hu `ho thch h `hsoh. I jcêji cm „òtmrh eho‟ iprmsmlti-sm iprmsmlti-sm li fhroi cm cjvmrshs irquêtjphs2 Oàm Liturmzi, joikmls `mnmstjijs m piriïshs. Mxpmrjâl`jis rmni`jhlicis i jcmltjfj`iëýms `ho iljoijs iquétj`hs hu fnutuilch sherm h h`milh tioeêo sàh ml`hltricis. Thr hutrh nich i mvjcâl`ji cm pmrtureiëýms jltri-utmrjlis, jltri-utmrjlis, omoðrjis ch „òtmrh oin‟  prhvh`io smlsiëýms cm iomiëi hes`uri hu hojlhsi m frmqþmltmomltm pmr`mpëýms cm mlvmlmliomlth. Pjtuiëýms tðxj`is hu triuoétj`is lmstm pmrïhch oiljfmstio-sm li fhroi cm jcmltjfj`iëýms `ho joikmls cm ékuis phnuïcis, njxh tðxj`h7 tioeêo phcmo ipirm`mr, issh`jicis i mstis joikmls irqumtïpj`is itmrrichris, cmohlïi`is hu uoi smlsiëàh cm oin jlsjcjhsh m cjfulcjch. Iomiëis cm iehrth ipirm`mo iquj li fhroi cm vjsýms silkþjlérjis, iph`inïptj`is cm fjo cm oulch. Tiri Krhf (5444) „jssh rmfnmtm is ïltjois jltmr`hlmxýms mltrm mvmlths mo lhssi ajstðrji ejhnðkj`i m hs irquêtjphs bulkujilhs.‟ (p.=9)  (p.=9)  Mo uoi smssàh cm trmjliomlth mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin uo tmripmuti rmniti issjo smu ohomlth phsjtjvh lmsti oitrjz. Pjlth-om luo jomlsh h`milh, msthu omrkunaich lmnm, mlvhnth phr uoi `ipi trilspirmltm, fmjth iltjkhs ms`ifilcrhs cm omrkunah. Pjlth uo emo mstir jomlsh.  Mstm nukir om prhtmkm cm tuch, qumrh cmsfrutir ci piz cmstm ioejmltm. Vmbh-om `rms`mlch m h`upilch `ici vmz oijs i mxtmlsàh cmstm h`milh, ois ijlci msthu jl`hopnmth, sjlth qum ijlci msté fintilch `hopnmtir uoi pirtm pi rtm cm omu `hrph. Yumrh fj`ir oijs tmoph iquj, cmsfrutir i iopnjtucm cmstm ohomlth, sjlth-om mo  piz, `inoh, smo prmssi. Iquj tuch ê trilqþjnh. (Irqujvh chs iuthrms)

 

  Hs ohvjomlths `hrphrijs ch pi`jmltm fhrio cm prhfulch rmnixiomlth, `hoh sm h omsoh mstjvmssm mo uo jomlsh shlah, hlcm sm ml`hltrivi jcmltjfj`ich `ho uo fmth. Umvjvmlch uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cm „òtmrh oin‟ prhvh`ici pmni iomiëi io miëi cm iehrth cmvjch ä  prms`rjëàh oêcj`i mrrici, uoi pi`jmltm pi`jmltm rmniti issjo sui mxpmrjâl`ji2 ]o sufh`h jomlsh. H livjh qum om trilsphrtivi lh h`milh `hnjcm `ho uo  pmtrhnmjrh, h qum mri smkurh ikhri thrlhu-sm iomiëichr. ]o nïqujch ms`urh cmrrioi-sm phr thch h`milh, làh tmlah piri hlcm jr (`ahrh). Ikhri thch oir msté ms`urh m `homëh i ifulcir, uoi krilcm oilkumjri qum trizji ékui nïopjci piri h eir`h ikhri ê ipmlis uo jomlsh mskhth. Pjlth `hoh sm thch h oin mstjvmssm  prmsmltm lmstm ohomlth sufh`ilch ojlai vjci. (Irqujvh chs iuthrms)

Oitrjz Tmrjlitin Eésj`i JJ (OTE JJ) Tinivris @aivms2 suebukiëàh `ðsoj`i, iusâl`ji cm siïci, jlfmrlh, mxpunsàh ch piriïsh m iltikhljsoh `ho i oàm (`hltriëàh, ikhlji cm ohrtm). Umni`jhlich ih jlï`jh ch pirth ejhnðkj`h m i smu prjomjrh mstékjh `nïlj`h, lmsti oitrjz tmohs uoi `hoejliëàh cm mnmomlths fïsj`hs (`hltriëýms om`ålj`is ch òtmrh, `êrvjx làh cjnitici) m quïoj`hs (ahroóljhs mstjouniltms cis `hltriëýms) qum prhvh`io uoi sêrjm cm cms`hlfhrths. H fmth ml`hltri-sm mo uo sjstmoi fm`aich, hlcm h suprjomlth cm silkum, mo cm`hrrâl`ji cis `hltriëýms, fj`i rmcuzjch ih omsoh tmoph mo qum sm smltm „mxpunsh ch  piriïsh‟.    piriïsh‟. I suebukiëàh `ðsoj`i m i mxpmrjâl`ji cm iusâl`ji cm siïci hu jlfmrlh sàh `hrrmsphlcmltms sjoeðnj`hs cis omoðrjis cmstm prjomjrh mstékjh ch pirth. I jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho tmois ojthnðkj`hs qum mlvhnvmo sjtuiëýms msoikichris m pmrjkh mojlmltm momrkm mo jlcjvïcuhs prmshs i msti oitrjz. Oéqujlis cmstrujchris, prjsýms, iljoijs qum oiltâo h jlcjvjcuh prjsjhlmjrh, `mlis cm `iophs cm `hl`mltriëàh, thrturis, oiljfmstio-sm fmlhomlhnhkj`iomltm. H oulch vjsth pmni ðtj`i cmsti oitrjz pirm`m smo vjci, smltjomlths cm cmsiopirh, cmsmspmrilëi, jlfmrjhrjcicm, jlicmquiëàh, cmsmspmrh mxjstml`jin m `unpi fizmo pirtm ch mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji cmspmrtich lmsti oitrjz. @HMQs mlvhnvmlch sjtuiëýms cm vïtjois pissjvis suebukicis phr fhrëis cmstrutjvis sàh itjvicis, phcmlch `hlcuzjr i `hlmxýms `ho sjtuiëýms trilspmsshijs jli`ieicis. Krhf (5444) cmsti`i qum „uoi trïicm mxpmrjml`jin tïpj`i cmssm mstich ê uoi smlsiëàh cm ohrtm, fj`ir nhu`h m lul`i oijs vhntir‟ (p.=3), `hlfhrom phcm smr vjsth lh mxmopnh i smkujr. smkujr.   ]oi finti cm ir chojli omu `hrph, `hltriëýms m mspisohs pirm`mo `hnh`ir-om cmltrh cm uo rhnh `hoprmsshr. Cm rmpmltm vmbh-om prmsi cmltrh cm uo euri`h ms`urh m smo siïci. Krjth, eith, `auth, ois tuch mo vàh. Tirm`m uo nukir cm  prjsjhlmjrhs, phjs msthu m sthu prmsi phr uoi fhrtm `hrci, qum om prmssjhli m fiz `ho qum aibi finti cm ir. Pjlth-om prmsi phr ohlstrhs ci ms`urjcàh7 uo pivhr chojli thch omu `hrph, tuch cðj, sjlth qum vhu mlnhuqum`mr. Pmj qum vhu ohrrmr, msti thrturi lul`i tmrojliré (`ahrh). (irqujvh chs iuthrms)

 

Oitrjz Tmrjlitin Eésj`i JJJ (OTE JJJ) Tinivris @aivm2  i nuti cm ohrtm-rmlis`jomlth, âxtism vun`ålj`h hu cjhljsïi`h, sjlmrkjsoh `ho i oàm (`iojlaici pmnh tòlmn mo cjrmëàh ä vjci/ohrtm) Msti oitrjz msté rmni`jhlici `ho h smkulch mstékjh ch pirth, hlcm is `hltriëýms `hltjluio, smlch qum ikhri tmohs uoi iemrturi li `êrvjx, h qum pmrojtm ih fmth smkujr lh `ilin cm pirth. Lmsti mtipi hs rjs`hs sàh jomlshs, i prmssàh mxmr`jci pmnh `ilin ch pirth phcm `hlcuzjr i mstichs cm sufh`iomlth mxtrmoh, inêo ch qum ih fjlin ch pirth h fmth phcm mltrir mmo o `hltich ïltjoh `ho h oitmrjin ejhnðkj`h oitmrlh (silkum, ou`h, urjli m fmzms). Fmlhomlhnhkj`iomltm msti oitrjz thoi i fhroi cm uoi „nuti cmtmrojlici cm ohrtm m rmlis`jomlth‟7 tmois `hoh nuti tjtålj`i, mxpmrjâl`jis sichoishqujstis, jltmlsi mx`jtiëàh smxuin, mpjsðcjhs cmohlïi`hs, vjvâl`jis ms`ithnðkj`is m ml`hltrh `ho fhkh sàh kmrinomltm mvh`ichs mo smssýms mxpmrjml`jijs. Pmkulch Krhf (9::;) prmssàh mxmr`jci pmnis „`hltriëýms utmrjlis qum hs`jnio mltrm 55,= m 3= gk‟ (p.34) sàh rmsphlsévmjs pmnh `irétmr tjtålj`h cmsti mxpmrjâl`ji. Jcmltjfj`iëýms `ho mnmomlths vjhnmlths ci liturmzi momrkmo issjo `hoh mxpnhsýms cm ehoeis itóoj`is, tilqums, fhkumtms, usjlis lu`nmirms. Smois irqumtïpj`hs m ojthnðkj`hs `hoh joikmls ch buïzh fjlin,  purkitðrjh, eitinais mltrm nuz m shoeri shoeri hu cmusms m tjtàs mstàh `hrrmni`jhlichs i msti msti oitrjz. Mo smssýms mxpmrjml`jis hs ispm`ths ikrmssjvhs m sichoishqujstis oitrjz smm oiljfmstio mo tmois `hoh2 `mlis vjhnmltis cm ississjlith m suj`ïcjh,cmsti outjniëàh iuthoutjniëàh, thrturi, mxm`uëàh, rjtuijs silkrmlths, prétj`is sichoishqujstis m mstuprh. Hs mnmomlths cmohlïi`hs momrkmo li fhroi cm tmois `hoh h Pieé cis Fmjtj`mjris, hrkjis sitålj`is m rjtuijs cm ojssi lmkri, tmltiëàh phr fhrëis oinêfj`is. I cjomlsàh ms`ithnðkj`i, qum tmo suis riïzms lh `hltith `ho h oitmrjin ejhnðkj`h curiltm h pirth, ipirm`m mo `mlis `hoh ristmbir mo `irlm cmtmrjhrici, mo mx`rmomlths hu mo sjstmoi cm mskhth, ememr silkum, urjli. Thr fjo h mnmomlth fhkh surkm mo `mlis cm jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho vïtjois cm johniëàh hu li fhroi irqumtïpj`i cm fhkh purjfj`ichr. I cjstjlëàh cmsti oitrjz piri i iltmrjhr, lh qum cjz rmspmjth ihs mnmomlths cmstrutjvhs qum ipirm`mo, msté lh fith cm qum li oitrjz chjs aé uoi smlsiëàh cm làh tmr siïci, mlquilth lmsti h submjth tmo mspmrilëi m làh sm ml`hltri cmsiopirich. H mxmopnh i smkujr iprmsmlti mnmomlths ci oitrjz JJJ. Pjlth uoi pmqumli iemrturi lh nukir hlcm msthu prmsi7 prh`urh sijr, ois ê oujth ipmrtich. Hs ohlstrhs smkurio-om `ho smus tmlté`unhs. Smlah qum nutir, ois thch omu `hrph sm `hoprjom luoi nuti fmrhz. ]o `inhr ierisichr om chojli m hs ohlstrhs pissio i phssujr h omu `hrph `ho shfrmkujcàh. Smlah uo ojsth cm  prizmr m vmrkhlai, m jsth fiz `ho qum omu `hrph sm `hltriji ijlci oijs. Pjlth qum vhu mxpnhcjr. Purkmo joikmls cm `ruzms m mspicis, `hoh sm mu fhssm uoi vjrkmo  puri chojlici pmnis fhrëis ch oin. Is mspicis riskio-om riskio-o m ih omjh, `hoh sm ojlai vikjli fhssm trilspissici `ho fhrëi, mlquilth mu emjbh suivmomltm uoi `ruz.  Cmsnjzh, luo ojsth cm chr m shfrmkujcàh, oujth smomnailtm és ojlais prjomjris mxpmrjâl`jis smxuijs. (irqujvhs chs iuthrms)

 

Oitrjz Tmrjlitin Eésj`i JV (OTE JV) Tinivris @aivm2 i mxpmrjâl`ji cm ohrtm-rmlis`jomlth, smpiriëàh ci oàm. @ho h lis`jomlth rmin ci `rjilëi tmohs h fjo ch prh`mssh cm nuti ikhljziltm pmnh lis`jomlth. Is prmssýms shfrjcis lis mtipis iltmrjhrms `amkio ih épj`m, smkujch phr uo sòejth rmnixiomlth. H `hltith `ho i nuz, ir m h `hrtm ch `hrcàh uoejnj`in oir`io lhvis iciptiëýms. I lïvmn sjoeðnj`h, mstm ohomlth ê vjsth `hoh uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cm ohrtm m rmlis`jomlth qum jré sm rmituinjzir ih nhlkh ci vjci, ipirm`mlch lis smssýms mxpmrjml`jijs `hoh ohrtm ch mkh. Yuilch cmvjciomltm trieinaici msti mxpmrjâl`ji, ipmsir ch `irétmr itmrrichr, phssjejnjti-sm uoi oijhr jltmkriëàh `ho h prmsmltm, nmvilch h jlcjvïcuh i uoi oijhr njemrcicm jltmrjhr. H `hltith mo uo lïvmn oijs prhfulch `ho msté oitrjz `hlcuz i uoi smlsiëàh cm  prhfulci njemriëàh, smlch `houo rmniths cm vjsýms cm nuz, nukirms trilqþjnhs. Irqumtjpj`iomltm mstis mxpmrjâl`jis mvh`io joikmls ch jl`hls`jmltm `hnmtjvh `hoh cmusms cmstrutjvhs cm cjvmrsis `unturis (Pajvi, Ohnh`a, Génj) hu jcmltjfj`iëýms `ho oértjrms (@rjsth, Hsïrjs). Ê `houo ijlci i prmsmlëi cm nuzms sjoehnjzilch Cmus hu ml`hltrh `ho Krilcms Cmusis Oàms (Vjrkmo Oirji, Ïsjs, Tirvitj, Amri). ]o mxmopnh mxprmssi msti oitrjz2 Shcis is joikmls cm chr cmsipirm`mo, ikhri msthu lh épj`m ci tmlsàh7 uoi mxpnhsàh om `hlcuz pmnh tòlmn mstrmjth m om nilëi luo nukir suivm m oi`jh. Huëh `ilths si`rhs, mxprmssilch i vjtðrji ch emo `hltri h oin. ]oi nuz jomlsi mlvhnvm h omu `hrph, qum msté thtinomltm mnmtrjzich phr uoi `inoi prhfulci. Uipjciomltm vmbh i joikmo ci Tjmtä cm Oj`amnilkmnh, vmbh-om smlch `ujcici phr Oirji, oàm cm  Bmsus. Shch shfrjomlth tmvm fjo. Omu `hrph msté sm trilsfjkurilch mo nuz. (`ahrh) Such ê piz. (irqujvh chs iuthrms) H lïvmn pmrjlitin ê kmrinomltm `hlsjcmrich uoi iemrturi piri is cjomlsýms mspjrjtuijs, ê i zhli cm trilsjëàh mltrm h „pmsshin‟ m h „trilspmsshin‟.  „trilspmsshin‟.   c. Lïvmn Srilspmsshin Ipðs oujths ilhs cm hesmrviëàh m mstuchs chs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, Krhf `hl`nuju qum is mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs, hrjkjlicis mo hutris rmkjýms ch jl`hls`jmltm, làh sàh rm`hlam`jcis lmo mxpnj`évmjs mo tmrohs frmucjilhs, moehri mstmbio `hltmopnicis lh ohcmnh ci psjqum cmsmlvhnvjch phr Bulk. Mstis mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs làh sm njojtio ihs mstichs psj`hcênj`hs, ois phcmo h`hrrmr mo smssýms cm psj`htmripji prhfulci, oirithlis, whrgsahps, prétj`is oïstj`is, ml`hltrhs prhfulchs mt`. Krhf (9::;) `nissjfj`hu, cm i`hrch `ho h `hltmòch, mo trâs `itmkhrjis prjl`jpijs mssm tjph cm mxpmrjâl`ji2 9) mxtmlsàh mxpmrjml`jin cmltrh ci rminjcicm m ch mspiëh-tmoph7 5) mxtmlsàh mxpmrjml`jin inêo ci rminjcicm m ch mspiëh-tmoph `hlsmlsuijs m 0) mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs cm liturmzi pirilhroin. I prjomjri `itmkhrji phcm smr cjvjcjci mo fmlóomlhs cm trils`mlcâl`ji chs njojtms mspi`jijs, `hoh phr mxmopnh2 mxpmrjâl`ji ci uljcicm cuin, jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho hutris pmsshis, uljcicm `ho i vjci m `ho thci i `rjiëàh, `hls`jâl`ji pnilmtérji, mt` m tioeêo iehrci i trils`mlcâl`ji chs njojtms ch tmoph njlmir, `hoh phr mxmopnh2 is mxpmrjâl`ji moerjhlérjis m fmtijs, mxpmrjâl`jis il`mstrijs, fjnhkmlêtj`is, vjcis pissicis, mt`.

 

  I smkulci `itmkhrji triti cm fmlóomlhs qum sm iprmsmltio inêo ci rminjcicm m ch tmoph `hlsmlsuijs, mlvhnvmlch mxpmrjâl`jis mspïrjtis m omcjòlj`is, fmlóomlhs mlmrkêtj`hs ch `hrph sutjn, ml`hltrh `ho kujis, mxpmrjâl`jis cm irquêtjphs uljvmrsijs, mxpmrjâl`ji ci `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i, h vizjh supri`ðsoj`h m omti`ðsoj`h, `hoprmmlsàh jltujtjvi cm sïoehnhs uljvmrsijs, mt`. Mlvhnvmlch mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs qum h`hrrmo li jltmrfi`m mltrm h oulch oitmrjin m i `hls`jâl`ji, hu mltrm h oulch jltmrjhr m i rminjcicm mxtmrli, ml`hltri-sm i iopni kioi cm fmlóomlhs `nissjfj`ichs phr Krhf cm mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs cm liturmzi pirilhroin. M ijlci iphlti hs vïl`unhs sjl`rólj`hs mltrm `hls`jâl`ji m oitêrji, i`hltm`jomlths pirilhroijs msphltålmhs m psj`h`jlmsm jltml`jhlin `hoh suecjvjsýms cmsti `itmkhrji. Mo uo trmjliomlth cm Smripji Umkrmssjvi Jltmkrin, ojljstrich pmnh Cr. Uhkmr [hhnkmr, li `jcicm cm Um`jfm - TM, fmz-sm mxmopnh `ieïvmn, lmssm `hltmxth, uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cm trils`mlcâl`ji chs njojtms ch tmoph njlmir ci prjomjri `itmkhrji. H tmripmuti mo trmjliomlth qumjxivi-sm cm fhrtms chrms lis `hstis, issh`jici i uoi finti cm ir jlsuphrtévmn. Lh qujlth cji ch trmjliomlth momrkju uoi `mli qum mstivi issh`jici i uo lïvmn trilspmsshin `iri`tmrjzich  pmni mxpilsàh, hu mxtmlsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji inêo ch `hl`mjth `houo cm tmoph m mspiëh. Pmlàh vmbiohs2 Vmbh i `mli cm uoi ounamr pirici lh inth cm uoi ms`ici. Mo uoi friëàh cm  smkulch pmr`h h rmfmrml`jin cm omu mkh ituin, jl`hrphrilch crioitj`iomltm iqumni pmrshlikmo. Thr oijs qum qumjri `hltrhnir is `mlis, mnis cmsmlrhnio-sm, `hoh sm omu `hrph shntissm uo s`rjpt qum mstivi `hlkmnich. Ml`hltrh-om lh inth cm uoi ms`ici, pirinjzici pmnh omch. Inkuêo eitmri ä phrti. Pjlth uoi nåojli  fjli untripissir ojlais `hstis, uoi chr tmrrïvmn jopunsjhli-om cm ms`ici ieijxh,  sjlth omus hsshs riskirmo i `irlm. ]o ahomo, ia! Ê omu oirjch, mnm msté nhu`h  phr `iusi ci rmvhnuëàh.Mnm eitm ojlai `iemëi `hltri h pjsh, mlquilth i ojlai `hls`jâl`ji cjstil`ji-sm ch `hrph. I`hrch...msthu lh phràh cm ojlai `isi, is chrms  sàh tmrrïvmjs. Làh `hlsjkh omxmr hs eriëhs, lmo is pmrlis. Ha! Omu Cmus, hs riths mstàh `homlch omu `hrph, ojlai `iemëi...cðj. (`ahrh prhfulch m prhnhlkich). (irqujvh chs iuthrms) Tmni sui `hoprhvici `hltrjeujëàh piri i `hlstruëàh ch ir`iehuëh tmðrj`h ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, is pmsqujsis cm Krhf h `hnh`io `hoh uo mxphmltm ci psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin, smlch smu trieinah `nïlj`h uoi fhltm jlmstjoévmn cm mstuch m rmfmrâl`ji piri hs tmripmutis trilspmsshijs.

9.0.0.5. Gml [jnemr ‐  H  H mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji Gml [jnemr ê rm`hlam`jciomltm uo chs prjl`jpijs rmprmsmltiltms ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, smu ohcmnh ch „mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji‟, prhcuzjch ihs 50 ilhs cm jcicm, ê uoi cis `irthkrifjis oijs `hopnmtis ci `hls`jâl`ji auoili m vjsi jltmkrir hs `hlam`jomlths cis cjvmrsis ms`hnis psj`hnðkj`is `hlvml`jhlijs `ho is prjl`jpijs iehrcikmls cicis ä `hls`jâl`ji lis `unturis h`jcmltin m hrjmltin. Pui prhcuëàh tmðrj`i tmo jlfnuml`jich cjrmtiomltm uoi iopni kmriëàh cm tmripmutis trilspmsshijs, m tmo `hltrjeuïch nirkiomltm li mstruturiëàh ch `hrph tmðrj`h ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin.

 

Smlch cmsmlvhnvjch uoi omthchnhkji jltmkritjvi, m làh m`nêtj`i, lh mstuch ci `hls`jâl`ji auoili, [jnemr (9::9, 9::6, 9:::e, 5449e) `hlsmkuju jltmkrir mo uoi `irthkrifji airoólj`i is prjl`jpijs `hltrjeujëýms chs tmðrj`hs cm cjvmrsis érmis ch siemr auoilh7 smlch cich cmstiqum i sui jl`rïvmn `ipi`jcicm cm jltmkrir is vjsýms mspjrjtuijs (hrjmltijs m h`jcmltijs) lh mstuch ch smr auoilh. H smu ohcmnh jltmkritjvh (5449i, 5445) prhpým qum piri `hoprmmlsàh ch fmlóomlh auoilh ê fulciomltin uoi vjsàh jltmrcmpmlcmltm cis quitrh érmis ch Ghsohs2 is érmis ch jltml`jhlin m `unturin `ho `iri`tmrïstj`is cm smrmo amromlâutj`is m iehrcirmo i `hls`jâl`ji, fhroilch h enh`h ch jltmrjhr, m is érmis `hophrtiomltin m sh`jin oir`ilch h mxtmrjhr m thrlichsm rm`hlam`jcis phr smrmo ohlhnðkj`is, mopïrj`is, phsjtjvjstis m fhroijs. Lh ohcmnh ch mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji auoili, msti sm iprmsmlti `hoh ountjljvmnici oiljfmstiëàh cm uoi `hls`jâl`ji ïopir2 i Omltm ]ljvmrsin. Pmu ohcmnh `irthkréfj`h phcm smr cjvjcjch eisj`iomltm mo trâs lïvmjs2 h lïvmn ch mkh, h lïvmn mxjstml`jin m h lïvmn ci omltm. i) Lïvmn ch Mkh, jl`nujlch is fijxis ci shoeri m ci pmrshli. H lïvmn ch mkh ê i fijxi ci `hls`jâl`ji prmsmltm quilch lhs smltjohs prmshs i uo pipmn mspm`ïfj`h, smbi mnm h cm pij, oàm, jroàh, vïtjoi, inkhz, mt`. I joikmo qum tmohs cm lðs omsohs, `hls`jmltm huprmchojliltms jl`hls`jmltm, bultiomltm jltmnm`th sàh is oir`is lmstm lïvmn. `ho i liturmzi ilinïtj`i m cjs`rjojlitjvi ch  e) Lïvmn Mxjstml`jin, jl`nujlch jl`nujlch is fijxis ejhssh`jijs. H Lïvmn Mxjstml`jin jopnj`i i pmr`mpëàh cm uo hrkiljsoh thtin m i `hlvj`ëàh ïltjoi cm qum mxjstjohs `hoh uo submjth smpirich cm thcis is lhssis mxpmrjâl`jis. `) Lïvmn ci Omltm, jl`nujlch is fijxis trilspmsshijs. H lïvmn ci Omltm kmrinomltm ipirm`m li njtmrituri issh`jich ä `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i, m jl`nuj i smlsiëàh cm qum lhs jcmltjfj`iohs fulciomltinomltm `ho h uljvmrsh. Mstms lïvmjs phcmo smr pmr`mejchs lh quicrh ieijxh2

Mspm`trh ci @hls`jâl`ji Phoeri

XXXXXXXX  pmrshli

Mkh

XXXXXXXX mkh

XXXXXXX shoeri fijxis fjnhsðfj`is XXXXXX `hrph

XXXXXXXXX

fijxis ejhssh`jijs XXXXXXXX

Ejhssh`jin Mxjstml`jin

 

 

hrkiljsoh Srilspmsshin Omltm

ioejmltm fijxis trilspmsshijs

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ]LJVMUPH

I smkujr cms`rmvmrmohs ermvmomltm `ici uo chs lïvmjs ch mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji.

Lïvmn cm Phoeri Yuilch ispm`ths jlcmsmbévmjs sàh phsths ä pirtm ci mstruturi mkðj`i. Yuilch tmohs uoi cjvjsàh cmltrh ch mkh, cmvjch i cjfj`uncicm cm jltmkrir ispm`ths jlcmsmbévmjs, i pirtm, omsoh mopherm`jci ois chojliltm, thrli-sm i pmrshli, mlquilth is tmlcâl`jis psïquj`is rmbmjticis  pissi phr uo prh`mssh cm rmprmssàh ci `hls`jâl`ji, vjlch fhroir fhroir i shoeri. I shoeri phcm smr vjsti `hoh is tmlcâl`jis psïquj`is `hlsjcmricis iomiëichris m rmbmjticis cmltrh ch mkh mo fivhr cm uoi jcmltjfj`iëàh njojtici `ho ispm`ths pir`jijs ch mkh2 i  pmrshli.  Lh lïvmn ci shoeri, h mkh ml`hltri-sm frikomltich, jl`nujlch ispm`ths ehls hu oius qum sàh rmbmjtichs pmni pmrshli. I iuth-joikmo iprmsmlti-sm cmshrkiljzici m làh `hrrmsphlcm ä rminjcicm. Lïvmn cm Mkh  Lmstm lïvmn tmohs h ahomo jcmltjfj`ich `ho uoi rmprmsmltiëàh omltin cm sj omsoh (iuth-joikmo) ih jlvês cm mstir `hlm`tich cjrmtiomltm `ho h smu hrkiljsoh psj`hsshoétj`h.  Lmsti mtipi, tmohs uoi cjvjsàh ch hrkiljsoh thtin, qum pissi i smr pmr`mejch `hoh „psjqum‟ hu `hoh „shoi‟7 ioehs vjsths cm fhroi jlcmpmlcmltm, prmvinm`mlch, `hltuch, prmvinm`mlch,  `hltuch, uoi oijhr jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho i „psjqum‟, oiljfmstich lhs prh`msshs jltmnm`tuijs m sjoeðnj`hs m li injmliëàh ch `hrph. Omsoh tmlch cjstjlkujch i psjqum cm smu shoi, `ho i mnjojliëàh hu fnmxjejnjziëàh ci shoeri, tmohs uo inirkiomlth ch `ioph ci `hls`jâl`ji. Is tmripjis piri is pmsshis tjph cmvmo prhphrëàh ch thrlir `hls`jmltm jl`hls`jmltm, fhrtinm`mr fhrëiscmssm siucévmjs ch mkhli `hltrjeujlch piriphssïvmn, h cmsmlvhnvjomlth cm uoih iuth-joikmo oijs prm`jsi. Is tmripjis jlcj`icis sàh2 psj`ilénjsm7 Kmstint tmripji7 ilénjsm trilsi`jhlin m Tsj`hcrioi.

Lïvmn Mxjstml`jin (hu ch `mltiurh) H hrkiljsoh psj`hfïsj`h ê vjsth cm fhroi thtin, aivmlch uoi oijhr `nirmzi mltrm hs njojtms ch mu m ch hutrh, ch hrkiljsoh m ch ioejmltm.  Lmstm phlth hs prh`msshs cm pmlsiomlths ri`jhlijs m i vhlticm pmsshin cmsmlvhnvmo-sm oijs jltmlsiomltm, `hoh tioeêo aé i mnjojliëàh ci cj`hthoji psjquê-shoi. H smltjch cm jcmltjcicm sm iopnji m iprmmlcm-sm i thtinjcicm ch hrkiljsoh cm sui mxjstâl`ji `hoh smr lh oulch. I ejmhlmrkji m lmh rmj`aljili ierilkm mxjstml`jinjsoh itui itrivês ci omltm,rmj`aljili `hoh h mxjstml`jinjsoh shoétj`h qumtilth ituihitrivês ch `hrph. lhêtj`h, qum

 

Smripjis mspm`ïfj`is piri i omltm sàh i Ilénjsm Mxjstml`jin, i Nhkhtmripji, is tmripjis auoiljstis, mltrm hutris. I Aitai Zhki, i Smripji cis Thnirjcicms, i Jltmkriëàh Mstruturin m hutris smrjio oijs mspm`jfj`is piri h shoi. Moehri jcmltjfj`ich `ho smu smr thtin, h `mltiurh 55 `hltjlui injmlich ch Pmnf , omsoh quilch sm cjspým i eus`ir is mxpmrjâl`jis oijs prhfulcis cm `hltith `ho h ioejmltm m i thtinjcicm ch ]ljvmrsh.

Lïvmn Srilspmsshin Jlj`ji-sm h prh`mssh cm mltrici lhs lïvmjs inêo ch mkh, inêo ci jcmltjcicm iprjsjhlici lh hrkiljsoh jlcjvjcuin. @hltuch, ipmsir cm rmprmsmltir uoi érmi inêo ch jlcjvjcuin, h smr auoilh ijlci làh `hlsmkum vjsnuoerir i `hlmxàh cm sui jcmltjcicm `ho h Shch. Is prjl`jpijs `iri`tmrïstj`is cmstm lïvmn sàh2 smlsh cm mxpilsàh ci jcmltjcicm piri inêo ci jlcjvjcuinjcicm, rhopjomlth cis eirrmjris mltrm h hrkiljsoh ejhnðkj`h m h ]ljvmrsh. Fmlóomlhs cm mxpmrjâl`jis mxtri-smlsðrjis phcmo h`hrrmr lmstm ohomlth, smo, `hltuch, smrmo lm`mssérjhs. Is tmripjis jlcj`icis sàh i Ilénjsm Bulkujili, vjsuinjziëýms cmrjvicis cis tricjëýms ajlcu m tjemtili, Tsj`hssïltmsm7 mt`. Lïvmn Omltm ( ]ljcicm) [jnemrciusi h tmroh Omltm, `ho jlï`jh oi jòs`unh, piri cjstjlkuï-nh chs tmrohs omltm, oijs issh`jich ä jcêji cm mkh. Omltm msté rmni`jhlici `ho i `hls`jâl`ji oijs prhfulci ch smr auoilh, „jcâltj`i ä

rminjcicm òntjoi m ieshnuti ch uljvmrsh‟. Ê, i `hls`jâl`ji `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i, mstich rmin ci omltm. I `hls`jâl`ji pissi i sm `hlfulcjr `ho i mlmrkji eésj`i ch ]ljvmrsh. Làh tmohs lmstm lïvmn uoi tmripâutj`i iciptici ih H`jcmltm, smlch h eucjsoh m h sufjsoh is cjs`jpnjlis qum ibucio i oiltmr i `hls`jâl`ji lmssm mstich.

9.0.0.0. Uhkmr [hhnkmr ‐  i  i `irthkrifji ci Fnhr cm Nðtus „...jophrtiltïssjoi ê i jcêji cm Bulk cm qum thci  pmrshlinjcicm ê mssml`jinomltm oòntjpni. Smr oòntjpni  pmrshlinjcicm ê ci liturmzi auoili‟.  auoili‟.   - Bioms Ajnnoil (ipuc [hhnkmr, 9:11) 55

  Icvjlch chs tmophs amnâlj`hs, h `mltiurh mri sjoehnjzich phr uoi `rjituri oïtj`i, omticm `ivinh m omticm ahomo, qum `irrmkivi fnm`ais, smoprm prhlth i itjré-nis mo cjrmëàh ih `êu. Issjo, i ojthnhkji krmki  pmrshljfj`ivi i nuti mltrm i liturmzi auoili m i liturmzi iljoin, sjoehnjzilch i cuinjcicm prhprjh`mptjv p rhprjh`mptjvii fulciomltin ch ahomo, quin smbi, mspjrjtuinjcicm m oitmrjinjcicm, lh smltjch jlvmrsh, tmo-sm jlstjlth m rizàh. Umfhrëici ijlci pmnh tmr`mjrh itrjeuth (ir`h m fnm`ai), qum cjz rmspmjth ä uljfj`iëàh ci ms`hnai m mxm`uëàh cm uo prhpðsjth piri inêo cm sui jlcjvjcuinjcicm. Thcmohs cjzmr qum uoi omticm ch `mltiurh ê fhrëi jlstjltjvi m i hutri omticm ê iqumni qum usi msti fhrëi, qum tmo njojtms li omltm `hls`jmltm. Vinm cjzmr qum i „jltmlëàh cm uljfj`iëàh `hlstjtuj-sm `hlstjtuj-sm piri h `mltiurh uoi mtmrli eus`i, ijlci smo h in`il`m inombich‚‚. inombich‚‚.  

 

„Làh lhs jnuojliohs joikjlich fjkuris cm nuz, ois thoilch `hls`jâl`ji cis trmvis.‟ - Bulk (ipuc [hhnkmr, 9:11)

H Cr. Uhkmr [hhnkmr, Ta.C., jlknâs, ricj`ich lhs Mstichs ]ljchs ci Ioêrj`i, ê uo chs  pjhlmjrhs li érmi ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, mlfitjzilch smu trieinah lhs `hlstmòchs jl`hls`jmltms njkichs vjcis pissicis ch mlfhqumcmfmlhomlhnðkj`h. Kricuich mo i Tsj`hnhkji pmnicmltrh ]ljvmrsjcicm Hxfhrc (Jlknitmrri), cmcj`ilch-sm jlj`jinomltm ih emaivjhrjsoh m i psj`ilénjsm. Smo omstrich mo Fjnhshfji m Umnjkjýms @hopiricis pmni ]ljvmrsjcicm cm Nhlcrms. Ilinjsti Bulkujilh pmnh Jlsjtuth Rurj`a (Pujëi). Chuthr mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin pmni ]ljvmrsjcicm cm Vmrohlt (M.].I), nm`jhlhu li Éfrj`i H`jcmltin m lis ]ljvmrsjcicms cm Ohltrmin, Vmrohlt m Vissir @hnnmkm. I cmspmjth cm smu `mtj`jsoh `irtmsjilh, `homëhu pritj`ilch rmkrmssàh `ho uo kruph cm iojkhs cm Vmrohlt, mstucilch m mxpmrml`jilch is `hlmxýms mltrm h triuoi cm lis`jomlth m vjcis pissicis, `hoh fmz Ptiljsniv Krhf li @injfðrlji m Ohrrjs Lmtamrthl mo Nhs Ilkmnms. @hopirtjnai `ho mstms is cms`hemrtis sherm is ifjljcicms m rmbmjëýms chs smrms auoilhs, mo rmniëàh i fiths, h`isjýms, niëhs cm rmni`jhliomlth, mt`. Hs mnhs mxpnj`itjvhs h itrijrio `ici vmz oijs piri pmsqujsir m ituir mlfh`ilch i rmkrmssàh. [hhnkmr (9:11) jlfiltjs cmfmlcmmsqum`jchs, mo smu njvrh "Is Vérjis Vjcisê ci Inoi"cmqum inêo cm irquêtjphs m `hltmòchs h jl`hls`jmltm tioeêo cmpðsjth omoðrjis cm vjcis pissicis. Mnm phltui qum mo kmrin i omltm jl`hls`jmltm sð pmrojtm momrkjr ä `hls`jâl`ji is omoðrjis cm vjci prmkrmssi qum mstiohs prmpirichs piri jltmkrir mo lhssi mstruturi cm  pmrshlinjcicm `hls`jmltm. Jssh sm `hlstiti pmnh fith cis prjomjris mxpmrjâl`jis tmlcmrmo i smr omlhs triuoétj`is, `ho "mus" ch pissich qum phcmo smr mlfrmltichs oijs fi`jnomltm. Mnm `jti h irquêtjph ch "kuircjàh ch phrtin" qum ê uoi joikmo ch lhssh prðprjh omch, jopmcjlch `hoh ohlstrh "lhssi mltrici mo rmjlhs piri hs quijs i psjqum làh msté prmpirici" (hp.`jt. p. 55). @ho h tmoph, cmsmlvhnvmu uoi fhroi pirtj`unir cm trieinah, `ulaici pmni `hltrjeujëàh cm oujths omstrms qum cm uoi fhroi hu cm hutri mstjvmrio lh smu `iojlah. Mo sui lhvi `irthkrifji m iehrcikmo tmripâutj`i, pmr`mem-sm prjl`jpinomltm i jlfnuâl`ji cm Bulk, ci Kmstint, ch psj`hcrioi Ohrmlh m ci rmj`ajili.chs Vinm sinjmltir tioeêo itamrivici, jlfnuâl`jim ch  eucjsoh tjemtilhcm(`ho âlfism lh tmripji Njvrh Sjemtilh Ohrths), ch eucjsoh  prh`mssh tmripâutj`h cm rmlis`jomlth rmlis`jomlth cm Nmhlirc Hrr. Ahbm, rmvmni `niriomltm mo smu trieinah sui ifjljcicm mspjrjtuin m jltmnm`tuin `ho i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hoh ohvjomlth i fivhr ci sïltmsm mltrm is pmrspm`tjvis psj`hnðkj`i m mspjrjtuin, ois prmfmrm cmsjklir smu trieinah `hoh uoi psj`hnhkji vjsjhlérji, bultilch is `hsohnhkjis mspjrjtuijs tricj`jhlijs. Mltrilch, mo cjomlsýms tmripâutj`is jlhvichris, [hhnkmr fhrouni uoi rmvjsàh ci kâlmsm cis chmlëis omltijs m ci liturmzi ci pmrshlinjcicm. Tiri mnm, i pmrshlincicm làh ê sjlkunir, ê oòntjpni, làh lh smltjch psj`hpithnðkj`h vjkmltm, m sjo lh mltmlcjomlth cm qum mxjstmo vérjhs lïvmjs ch mu. @irrmkiohs rmoilms`âl`jis cm vjcis pissicis `hoh frikomlths cm lhssi inoi, `hoh tioeêo cm hutrhs mus, qum mstàh  prmsmltms lh jlcjvïcuh, rmvmnilch i ountjpnj`jcicm ch jl`hls`jmltm bé `jtici phr Bulk. Cjfmrmltmomltm cm Bulk qum mlfitjzi i ilénjsm, i jltmrprmtiëàh chs oujths mus lhs shlahs, [hhnkmr iehrci-hs `hoh ajstðrjis (cm vjcis pissicis, hu irqumtïpj`is, hu pmrjlitijs, hu

 

 ejhkréfj`is) piri iprmlcmrohs i i`mjté-nhs m jltmkré-nhs. "Li lhssi `hls`jâl`ji oijs prhfulci m ierilkmltm shohs smrms oòntjpnhs, qum tmohs oujtis pmrshlinjcicms cmltrh cm lðs" (hp. `jt p. 03). Tiri mnm, i pmrshlinjcicm ituin hu mkh „ê ipmlis uo frikomlth moilms`mltm ch Mu Pupmrjhr‟ m msté submjti i nmjs ojstmrjhsis cm cjsshnuëàh c jsshnuëàh m trilsfhroiëàh. Mnm prmfmrm `hltjluir lmutrh mo rmniëàh i tmhrjis ci rmml`irliëàh, m làh ieriëir hs `hl`mjths cm mvhnuëàh njlmir ci inoi cmfmlcjchs phr Oiciom Enivitsgy (uoi lhtévmn oêcjuo m ms`rjthri `irjsoétj`i russi, fulcichri ci Ph`jmcicm Smhsðfj`i lh Pê`. QJQ), lmo iopirir i vjsàh cis njkis mspjrjtuijs supmrjhrms cm Uuchnf Ptmjlmr, `rjichr ci Iltrhphshfji. (ipuc [hhnkmr, hp.`jt, p.34) Is omoðrjis cm vjci pissici, smkulch mnm, jopnj`io luoi jcmltjfj`iëàh prhfulci `ho uoi pmrshlinjcicm jltmrjhr hu sm`ulcérji, mlvhnvmlch i joikjliëàh jltmlsiomltm. Is lhssis fhroiëýms irqumtïpj`is, fhroiëýms iltjkis cm `irétmr uljvmrsin, sàh itjvicis m prhbmticis mo suepmrshlinjcicms cm fhroi cmtinaici ch lis`jomlth ä ohrtm. Is pmrshlinjcicm sm`ulcérjis (tioeêo `aioicis cm suepmshlinjcicms, pmrshlinjcicms frikomlticis hu cjssh`jicis) sàh, smkulch [hhnkmr, fhroiëýms inêo ch mkh qum phssumo mxjstâl`ji iutólhoi li omltm jl`hls`jmltm, i`mssicis phr lðs mo shlahs, lh oêthch bulkujilh ci joikjliëàh itjvi, filtisjsi, joikmls cjrjkjcis hu ajplhsm. I jcêji cis suepmrshlinjcicms mxpnj`i i qumstàh cis ifjljcicms m rmbmjëýms kritujtis lhs rmni`jhliomlths m mxpmrjâl`jis cm cêbä vu, ]O. vu, phjs, smkulch i Fïsj`i Ohcmrli, m vérjis fjnhshfjis hrjmltijs, i mlmrkji ê uoi sð ‐  sð ‐  shohs  shohs thchs I pmrshlinjcicm `irrmki i mlmrkji chs hutrhs smrms mlvhnvjchs lis mxpmrjâl`jis cis suepmrshlinjcicms, issjo `hoh hs hutrhs trizmo hs rmkjstrhs mo suis suepmrshlinjcicms. Yuilch mxjstm uo rmml`hltrh, mssis frmqþâl`jis vjeritðrjis rmsshio, jl`nusjvm mo nh`ijs m hebmths. Inêo cm mxpnj`ir is iltjpitjis hu sjopitjis kritujtis, mxpnj`i is mxpmrjâl`jis cm fiojnjirjcicm `ho hebmths (`hoh `ho hs Sungus tjemtilhs) m mxpmrjâl`jis ch cêbä vu. vu. Mnm `nirjfj`i mssm fmlóomlh `ho h smkujltm quicrh2 Inoi cm I

Inoi cm @

Pp   Pp  

Pp  

Mkh cm I Pp  

Pp  

Pp  

Pp Pp

IFJLJCICM UMBMJËÀH

Mkh cm @

 

 

Inoi cm E Pp   Pp  

Mkh cm E Pp  

Pp  

Mkh2 pmrshlinjcicm ci vjci ituin Pp2 suepmrshlinjcicm cm uoi vjci pissici.

Pp  

Issjo, cm i`hrch `ho hs rmkjstrhs mlmrkêtj`hs ci suepmrshlinjcicm ci vjci pissici, viohs hesmrvir mxpmrjâl`jis cm itriëàh m rmpunsàh qum làh sm bustjfj`io äs vmzms ä nuz ci mxpmrjâl`ji ituin, m sjo pmni jcêji cm mxpmrjâl`jis phsjtjvis lh prmtêrjth (rmsuntilch mo ifjljcicm, sjopitji) hu 50lmkitjvis (rmsuntilch mo rmbmjëýms, smltjomlths jlmxpnj`évmjs cm omch, iltjpitji, hu sjojnirms.)   [hhnkmr `homlti qum is vjsýms cm Frmuc m Bulk tmlcmo i bunkir h fmlóomlh ci  pmrshlinjcicm iltmrjhr hu sm`ulcérji `hoh filtisji, mlquilth hs ajplhtmripmutis sukmrmo sui vmri`jcicm. Cm i`hrch `ho i vjsàh fmlhomlhnðkj`i, mstms fmlóomlhs phcmo p hcmo smr ipmlis prhcuth ci joikjliëàh ch pirtj`jpiltm. Thcm-sm cjzmr i rmspmjth cm [hhnkmr, qum mnm eus`i h `iojlah ch omjh2 h jl`hls`jmltm tioeêo phcm usir i filtisji li tmltitjvi cm shnu`jhlir hs `hlfnjths luo lïvmn sjoeðnj`h. Issjo smlch, mnm cmfmlcm qum i utjnjziëàh, pmnh jl`hls`jmltm, cm filtisjis m sjoehnjsohs phcm h`hrrmr i smrvjëh ci `uri, hu smbi, phcm fi`jnjtir i momrkâl`ji cm `hltmòchs cm hutrhs lïvmjs ch mu ä  prh`uri cm `itirsm m jltmkriëàh. Mltrmtilth, msté oijs jl`njlich i `rmr li fjcmcjkljcicm cis omoðrjis  ‐   omsoh qum phssio smr oms`nicis cm luil`ms irqumtïpj`is hu sjoeðnj`is  ‐   pmnh rminjsoh cis vjvâl`jis m sui rmniëàh `niriqum `ho prhenmois sjlthois. Shcivji, rmssinti qum h oijs jophrtiltm ê h prh`mssh cm `uri momrkm m sm mmfmtjvi itrivês chs prh`mcjomlths  ps`jhtmripâutj`hs phr mnm prhphsths, prhphsths, eismichs mo sui `irthkrifji ci `hls`jâl`ji. H prjl`ïpjh cm `uri lh trieinah cm [hhnkmr `hlfjkuri uoi mxpilsàh mo cuis cjrmëýms irquêtjpj`is piri lïvmjs oijs mnmvichs cm `hls`jâl`ji (nuz) m piri lïvmjs omlhs mnmvichs (shoeri), piri `joi m piri eijxh, mo fhroi cm mspjrin2

50

 Cichs `hnajchs curiltm is iunis ojljstricis phr Uhkmr [hhnkmr li `jcicm cm Um`jfm.

 

 

N]R

PHOEUI

[hhnkmr smkum i vjsàh trilspmsshin cm Bulk, hlcm i jlcjvjcuiëàh ê uo prh`mssh cm uljfj`iëàh chs hphsths ci psjqum. Issjo, quilth oijs `hltmòchs shoerjhs sm i`mssi, oijs `hltmòchs ci pmrshlinjcicm ituin m cm suepmrshlinjcicms njkichs ih irquêtjph ci nuz, ih Iohr Jl`hlcj`jhlin m ä Piemchrji, phr mxmoph sàh trizjchs ä thli piri jltmkriëàh chs hphsths. Ä omcjci qum i`mssi ihs `hltmòchs, itê mltàh prmshs li hes`urjcicm, phssjejnjti i sui njemriëàh m `hlsmqþmltm trilsfhroiëàh. [hhnkmr `hl`hrci `ho Bulk, m làh `ho [jnemr, sherm rmkrmssàh. Mnm rmfmrm mo inkuls oilus`rjths53  qum „[jnemr vâ i rmkrmssàh `hoh uoi itjvjcicm mo cjrmëàh ih prjojtjvh.‟, mlquilth Bulk jsth „vâ oujth i rmkrmssàh `hoh smkulch uoi uoi vjikmo piri rmstiurir rmstiurir huiltjkis sinvi sinvirr is pmrcjcis ci inoi‟ ‐  smlch  smlch smomnailtm, [hhnkmr, äs prétj`is chspirtms xioàs. I `irthkrifji ci `hls`jâl`ji (jejc, p.p. ;3-;6 m 14  ‐1:), jltjtunici „Fnhr cm Nðtus‟, ê iprmsmltici she i fhroi cm uoi fnhr cm smjs pêtinis, hlcm sm mltrmniëio hs ispm`ths ountjcjomlsjhlijs ch `hopnmxh qum rmkm is tmlcâl`jis ci pmrshlinjcicm ituin. Pmkulch Bulk, „hs `hopnmxhs sàh frikomlths psïquj`hs qum sm cjssh`jirio cmvjch i jlfnuâl`jis triuoétj`is hu `mrtis tmlcâl`jis jl`hopitïvmjs‟ (Vhn 1, @[, p.959). „]o `hopnmxh  phcm thoir th oir i fhroi cm uoi chmlëi hu cm uo `hophrtiomlth lmurðtj`h, cm uo sjlthoi fïsj`h hu cm uoi pmrshlinjcicm hlïrj`i hu sm`ulcérji. [hhnkmr, mltrmtilh, iopnjhu mssm `hl`mjth piri „`hopnmxh géroj`h‟ hu  siosgiri  siosgiri,, eismilch-sm lh `hl`mjth qum mo såls`rjth cmsjkli „tmlcâl`jis cm ikjr cm i`hrch `ho `mrths picrýms mstiemnm`jchs lh pissich‟ (Rjoomr, 9:=9,  p.053), phcmlch mstis tmlcâl`jis tmrmo sjch trilsojtjcis cm uoi vji piri hutri, irkuomlth qum ml`hltri prjl`ïpjhs ch Nðtus yhki. (jejc p.14) triz mo smu `mltrh h smltjomlth lu`nmir qum H ierjkh ohcmnhlhs kréfj`h Fnhr cm jcmltjfj`i h `hopnmxh mo rmkri2 mohëýms cmlsis `hoh `unpi, vmrkhlai, mltrm hutris. @ici uoi cis smjs pêtinis rmprmsmlti uo chs pnilhs ch `hopnmxh géroj`h2 9) ejhkréfj`h, rmfmrmltm i cichs ajstðrj`hs cmsti vjci jltmrnjkichs ih `hopnmxh7 5) pmrjlitin, i omoðrjis jltri-utmrjlis m ch  pirth7 0) mxjstml`jin, rmfmrmltm i qumstýms ch ohomlth ituin7 3)irqumtïpj`h, rmfmrmltm i `hoprmmlsýms ch giroi m ojssàh piri msi vjci7 =) shoétj`h, rmfmrmltm i sjlthois fïsj`hs njkichs ih `hopnmxh7 m 6) vjci pissici, rmfmrmltm ih crioi cm vjci pissici hu mpjsðcjh hlcm h`hrrmu uo mvmlth fïsj`h hu psj`hnðkj`h (mo `ish cm `hopnmxh lmkitjvh ? triuoi hu enhqumjh). Shchs mssms pnilhs sàh jltmrnjkichs phr rmsshlål`ji sjoeðnj`i, itrivês ci njlkuikmo vmrein, moh`jhlin hu `hrphrin ch `njmltm. Umsshlål`ji sjoeðnj`i sàh is issh`jiëýms lh lïvmn ch

53

  Lhtis pmsshijs cm [hhnkmr, phr h`isjàh ci prhcuëàh cmstm njvrh, quilch, phr shnj`jtiëàh chs iuthrms, `hniehrhu `ho sui nmjturi, fizmlch rmvjsàh m ilhtiëýms sherm h jtmo 0.5.0.

 

sjoehnjsoh qum h jl`hls`jmltm usi piri mxprmssir h `hopnmxh, hu smbi, sàh is „pjstis‟ hu hs „kitjnahs‟ qum cmthlio sui r mvmniëàh. mvmniëàh. (vjcm `ip. JJJ, jtmo 0.5.0.).

(Jlsmrjr kréfj`h ci fnhr cm nðtus)

Ohcmnh cm Fnhr cm Nðtus (hp. `jt, p. 14) Jlspjrilch-sm lh pmlsiomlth ch Eucjsoh Sjemtilh m ch Zhki, [hhnkmr rmfmrm i jophrtål`ji cm itmltir piri Gnmsis piri  Gnmsis m  m Vmcilis Vmcilis qum  qum sàh mnmomlths ch siosgiris ch  siosgiris.. Vmcilis sàh hs  fnisams   cm omoðrji, hu nmoerilëis vikis. Bé  Gnmsis  Gnmsis   trizmo uo rmsïcuhs oijs sutjs, `hoh  fnisams rmsïcuh oijs `hlstiltm, tilth lh lïvmn fïsj`h (`j`itrjzms, cmfmjths fïsj`hs, cjsfulëýms) `hoh lh moh`jhlin pålj`h, omch, mt`.). Ioeis `hlstjtumo mx`mnmltms mxmopnhs cm rmsshlål`ji(ilkòstji sjoeðnj`ipmrsjstmltm, ch `hopnmxh. ]oi vmz utjnjzilch is rmsshlål`jis sjoeðnj`is m cmthlilch hs pnilhs ch `hopnmxh, mxpnj`jtilch-h, fivhrm`m-sm i mxprmssàh m njemriëàh cis mohëýms enhqumicis (`itirsm) m trieinaism smu smltjomlth lu`nmir piri i njemriëàh cm picrýms cm enhqumjh lh lïvmn ch `hrph omltin, `hrph moh`jhlin m mtêrj`h-fïsj`h. Jssh prhohvm, `hlsmqþmltmomltm, i trilsfhroiëàh cmstms  picrýms hrjulchs cm vjci pissici. Cmsti fhroi, phcmohs rminjzir i jltmkriëàh cis suepmrshlinjcicms ä vjci prmsmltm m ih mkh, cjsshnvmlch i frikomltiëàh ci inoi m fivhrm`mlch uoi iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji lh smltjch vmrtj`in piri eijxh m piri `joi, lis cuis cjrmëýms ci mspjrin, ruoh i mvhnuëàh mspjrjtuin.

9.3. I/`jmltjfj`jcicm ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin

 

 I `jâl`ji smo i rmnjkjàh ê `hxi, i rmnjkjàh smo i `jâl`ji `jâl`ji ê `mki. - Inemrt Mjlstmjl 

H ms`il`air ch tmroh i/`jmltjfj`jcicm lh tïtunh cmsti smëàh oir`i uoi vjsàh qum tmltirmohs tmlti rmohs cmohlstrir ih nhlkh cmsti irkuomltiëàh2 ê cjfï`jn i jl`nusàh cis „psj`hnhkjis‟, mltrm mnis i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, cmltrh cm uo `hltmxth cm `jâl`ji tricj`jhlin („`jâl`ji lhroin‟), qum hs- ajsthrj`iomltm piricjkois sm `iri`tmrjzichs rmkmo phr rmkris cjfj`untio i nmkjtjojc icmm sh`jijs, cm smus hebmths cm mo pmsqujsi pmniqum prmsmlëi cm vjmsms auoilhs làh smlch phssïvmn h ifistiomlth mltrm submjth m hebmth ch `hlam`jomlth, omti cmsmbévmn quilch ci hemcjâl`ji ch oêthch `jmltïfj`h tricj`jhlin - cmltrh ch `ioph cm pmsqujsi picràh. @iemlch, phr jssh, eus`ir-sm, `hoh `rjtêrjhs cmfjljchrms cm `jmltjfj`jcicm, i cjs`utjejnjcicm m i nðkj`i ci irkuomltiëàh, injici i uoi „iucjâl`ji mspm`jinjzici‟, qum `hopirtjnamo chs rmsuntichs cis pmsqujsis. Ois iltms cm jlj`jir-sm uoi cjs`ussàh i`mr`i ci `jmltjfj`jcicm ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, omti ci prmsmltm smëàh, ê jophrtiltm sjtuir-sm cm qum `jâl`ji sm msté finilch.  Lmstm smltjch, tmohs phr eism is ilénjsms sð`jh-ajstðrj`is cm Gula (9:;1, 9:;:) qum sjtui is fisms ci `jâl`ji cmltrh cm uoi cjomlsàh cm „`jâl`ji lhroin‟ m „`jâl`ji mxtrihrcjlérji‟.  mxtrihrcjlérji‟.  Pmkulch Gula i „`jâl`ji lhroin‟ mlvhnvmrji h trieinah `htjcjilh m mstévmn ci pmsqujsi rminjzici phr uoi `houljcicm, hlcmpiri aivmrji `mrth `hlsmlshImo„`jâl`ji thrlh chmxtrihrcjlérji‟ qum smrji rmnmviltm  pmsqujsir m chs oêthchs icmquichs jsthuo (h „piricjkoi‟). cjrji rmspmjth ihs ohomlths cm qumeri ci mstiejnjcicm ci pmsqujsi „lhroin‟, quilch h `hlbulth cm `rmlëis ih rmchr ch quin h kruph mstirji uljch pissirji i smr `hnh`ich mo còvjci m tmhrjis `hl`hrrmltms, jl`hopitïvmjs `ho i tmhrji/piricjkoi mo vjkhr, smrjio `rjicis m `hlsjcmricis `hoh phssïvmjs `iojlahs piri i supmriëàh ci `rjsm. (Shurjlah & Lmth, ojomh, p. 11). I `jâl`ji lhroin mstirji jltrjlsj`iomltm rmni`jhlici ä vjkâl`ji v jkâl`ji cm uo „piricjkoi‟, cmfjljch phr Gula (9:;1) ch smkujltm ohch2 „@hlsjcmrh ‑piricjkois‚ is rminjziëýms `jmltïfj`is uljvmrsinomltm rm`hlam`jcis qum, curiltm inkuo tmoph, fhrlm`mo prhenmois m shnuëýms ohcmnirms piri uoi `houljcicm cm pritj`iltms cm uoi uoi `jâl`ji‟ (p.90)  (p.90)  I `jâl`ji lhroin smrji, phrtilth, oir`ici pmni mxjstâl`ji cm piricjkois, qum, phr sui vmz, injomltirjio i pmsqujsi itrivês ch fhrlm`jomlth cm „qumeri„qumeri -`iemëi‟ hu cm „`airicis‟ i smrmo rmsphlcjcis pmnhs `jmltjstis. ]o qumeri-`iemëis smrji uo `hlbulth cm prhenmois mopïrj`h-`hl`mjtuijs cmrjvichs m njojtichs pmnh piricjkoi mo vjkhr. Gula (9:;:) cms`rmvm issjo i sjtuiëàh2 Yuilch msté äs vhntis `ho uo prhenmoi cm pmsqujsi lhroin, h `jmltjsti cmvm  phstunir i tmhrji `hrrmltm `hoh rmkri ch smu bhkh. Pmu hebmtjvh ê rmshnvmr uoi `airici, cm prmfmrâl`ji uoi `airici mo qum hutrhs finairio, m i tmhrji `hrrmltm ê jlcjspmlsévmn piri cmfjlj-ni m issmkurir qum, mo aivmlch tinmlth sufj`jmltm, i `airici phcmré smr rmshnvjci‟ (p.:)  (p.:)   Ikhri qum bé tmohs is prmnjojlirms i`mr`i ci lhëàh cm `jâl`ji, eus`irmohs sjtuir i  phsjëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin frmltm frmltm ä omsoi. I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin fruth cimnitribmtðrji `hlshnjciëàh cm uoahnhkréfj`h, piricjkoi momrkmltm  ‐   h ahnhkrifjsoh  ‐   lmstmê smltjch prðprji cm sm fulcm lh piricjkoi trils`mlcmlch `ho i fïsj`i quåltj`i li `hlstruëàh cm uoi vjsàh cm oulch cm oijs quinjcicm m

 

ulj`jcicm. Mni tmo fhrlm`jch mxpnj`iëýms qum sm ohstrio piricjkoétj`is lh smltjch cm qum tâo uoi mxjstâl`ji irtj`unici ä pmsqujsi, ä jlvmstjkiëàh m ih trith sjstmoitjzich cm qum qumstýms stýms eésj`is ci liturmzi auoili tricuzjlch-is tricuzjlch-is li rhupikmo `jmltïfj`i. Issjo `hoh is hutris „psj`hnhkjis‟, sui érmi cm pmsqujsi sm prhpým i hfmrm`mr sðnjchs prmssuphsths piri hs pmsqujsichrms, qum làh  prm`jsio (rm)`hlstrujr h smu `hlam`jomlth ch zmrh7 phjs lmni ml`hltrio rm`urshs qum hs hrjmlti i`mr`i ci `hoprmmlsàh ch oulch, quijs hs fmlóomlhs rmnmviltms piri uoi jlvmstjkiëàh, hlcm rmsjcjrjio suis `iusis m `hoh jcmltjfj`é-nis li liturmzi m lh ]ljvmrsh (vmr [mjn, 9:;1e, 9:1:, 9::4i,9::9e7 Krhf, 9:11, 54447 Emrthnu``j, 9::97 Oiths, 9::57 Siehlm, 9::=7 Viukail m [insa, 9::=, 9::;7 Pincilai, 9::;7 [jnemr, 5449`, 5445). @hoh lis iehrcikmls `hophrtiomltinjstis, `hkljtjvjstis, auoilïstj`is hu cm jlspjriëàh  psj`ilinïtj`i, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin fhrohu `houljcicms qum sm `hlstjtuïrio mlquilth tin, làh ipmlis i pirtjr cm uo i`hrch sherm smu hebmth cm mstuch m chs ohchs cm prhcuëàh m vinjciëàh cm smu `hlam`jomlth, ois, tioeêo, sherm uo ohcmnh mxpnj`itjvh ch qum mltmlcmo smr i oiljfmstiëàh ch fmlóomlh psj`hnðkj`h qum ierjki mo smu ehbh i iopnjtucm ajphtêtj`i kmrichri cm `iojlahs jlvmstjkitðrjhs qum ivilëio li `hophsjëàh cm smu pilhrioi `jmltïfj`h ih tmoph mo qum, lmnm jl`nuïch `hlshnjci smu ir`iehuëh tmðrj`h, oipmilch issjo mssm tàh rm`mltm vjês ch siemr, mxprmssh tilth lh åoejth cm `hlfjroiëýms kmlmrinjzicis, quilth li fhroi cm sus`jtir jlcikiëýms phssïvmjs cm rmsphstis qum iphltio oitêrjis ijlci invh cm mstuchs m qumstjhliomlths. Ilinjsilch h surkjomlth cis lhvis tmlcâl`jis mo psj`hnhkji, Krjsj m Fjkumjrmch (9::0) cmsti`io2 „Mo `hltriphsjëàh ä phsjëàh psj`ilinïtj`i `néssj`i qum jlj`ji h mstuch ci mxjstâl`ji li `hl`mpëàh m i ml`mrri `ho i ohrtm, vhntio-sm ä mxjstâl`ji `hlsjcmrilch-i mo uoi mxtmlsàh qum iltm`mcm i `hl`mpëàh m prhssmkum ipðs i ohrtm, hu `hlsjcmrilch uoi smqþâl`ji cm lis`jomlths m ohrtms. H pmr`ursh cmssms  psj`ðnhkhs tmo `hoh jlï`jh i icmsàh i inkuoi tmhrji psj`hnðkj`i nmkjtjoici, i eus`i cm untripissir hs piråomtrhs qum is mlquicrio, i `hlsmqþmltm ohcjfj`iëàh, mx`nusàh hu jl`nusàh cm `hl`mjths, m i eus`i cm irtj`uniëàh chs lhvhs `hlstru`ths mo uo `hrph tmðrj`h `hmrmltm, `ho h cmsmlvhnvjomlth cm prétj`is mspm`ïfj`is.  Eus`io phltmsmxjstmltms, mltrm smusoir`ilch prmssuphsths m prétj`is issjo `hoh jltmrfi`ms `ho hs `hlam`jomlths is cjfmrmlëis. @hlfhrom mssis jlj`jitjvis vàh sm `hlfjkurilch pissio i smr mxphstis ihs cmoijs m `amkio i kilair uo lhom prðprjh, `hoh i`hltm`mu `ho i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin m Tsj`hssïltmsm. Sijs phsjëýms eus`io ikrmkir prhfjssjhlijs, kilair mspiëh jlstjtu`jhlin m cmsmlvhnvmr-sm `hoh ms`hnis psj`hnðkj`is, bé jltjtunilch- sm  sm ‑i 3i fhrëi mo Tsj`hnhkji‚. Inkuls iuthrms qum trieinaio cmssm ohch, ahbm, tâo  prhbmëàh jltmrli`jhlin m vérjis cmssis iehrcikmls jlstjtu`jhlinjzirio-sm hfmrm`mlch `mltrhs cm fhroiëàh m cm itmlcjomlth psj`hnðkj`h.‟ (oïomh, krjfh lhssh) Cis pinivris cmstms iuthrms cmprmmlcm-sm qum i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin iprmsmlti uo „`hrph tmðrj`h `hmrmltm, `ho h cmsmlvhnvjomlth cm prétj`is mspm`ïfj`is‟, qum `uoprmo uoi fulëàh cm injomltir h `ho prh`mssh cm cm jlvmstjkiëàh. thrlh cmnispsj`hnðkj`h `hlstjtuju-sm mxtmlsi `houljcicm `jmltïfj`i, `mltrhs fhroiëàh mMcmmo itmlcjomlth qumuoi sm ulmo li

 

mxpnhriëàh cis phtml`jinjcicms cm uo omsoh piricjkoi, mcjtio rmvjstis mspm`jinjzicis m rminjzio `hlkrmsshs pmrjðcj`hs, `hnh`ilch she `hltrhnm chs pirms is prmtmlsýms i `hlam`jomlth. Iprmsmltilch inkuois cjfmrmlëis omthchnðkj`is mo rmniëàh i hutris ms`hnis  psj`hnðkj`is, cmvjch ä prðprji cjvmrsjcicm chs ipiriths tmðrj`hs, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin làh l àh ieilchli h rmqujsjth cm sm ohstrir sustmltévmn cjiltm ci mxpmrjâl`ji m ch ri`jh`ïljh irtj`unichs, fithrms `hlsjcmrichs prjohrcjijs li `iri`tmrjziëàh cm `jmltjfj`jcicm iprmsmltici phr Shurjlah m  Lmth (ojomh, p.945). Luoi ilénjsm qum pirtm cm uoi cjs`ussàh ci `jâl`ji, eistiltm cjvmrsi ci iprmsmltici phr Gula, mo qum rm`hlam`m is cjfj`uncicms mo cmoir`ir i qumstàh ci `jmltjfj`jcicm lis `jâl`jis sh`jijs, hlcm jnustrio mssi cjomlsàh ci `jâl`ji ch smkujltm ohch2 H `rjtêrjh cm `jmltjfj`jcicm - mo omjh i msti phnâoj`i jltmrojlévmn - qum lhs  pirm`m oijs i`mjtévmn ê h ci cjs`utjejnjcicm, mltmlcjch `hoh `iri`tmrïstj`i fhroin m  phnïtj`i ih omsoh tmoph. Phomltm phcm smr `jmltïfj`h h qum fhr cjs`utïvmn (pp.. :6 m :;) I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, `hoh siemr `jmltjfj`h, bustjfj`i-sm irkuomltitjviomltm, m nmkjtjoi-sm phr om`iljsohs iuth-rmkunichrms (pmsqujsi mopïrj`h-tmðrj`h, iuth`rïtj`i, rmvjsàh cm  prmssuphsths, iprmsmltiëàh chs rmsuntichs ä „iucjâl`ji mspm`jinjzici‟, mt`.), prmvmljlch prmvmljlch-sm -sm „`hltri i jophsjëàh uo äc js`ursh jiuthrjcicm s`ursh pmnicmrmlòl`ji ivinjiëàh `rïtj`i phr&pirtm qumop.h i`iti m/hu itrivês ch cm ipmnh qumo h äprhfmrm.‟ ( Shurjlahm Lmth,cmojomh :;), sitjsfizmlch, sitjsfizmlch, issjo, h `rjtêrjh cm `jmltjfj`jcicm prhphsth phr Cmoh. Yuilch sm eus`i cmohlstrir i `jmltjfj`jcicm ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, issjo `hoh cm quinqumr `jâl`ji momrkmltm, cmpiri-sm cmpiri-sm frmqþmltmomltm `ho h ‑ filtisoi ‑ filtisoi ci intmrlitjvjcicm‚ . Tissirio phr msti mtipi is ms`hnis nmkjtjoicis ituinomltm lh oulch psj, `hoh ê h `ish ci Tsj`ilénjsm, qum, sm ilinjsirohs pmni ðtj`i ci „`jâl`ji lhroin‟, smrji tioeêo mlquicrici cmltrh cis „intmrlitjvis‟5=. Cmstirtm ê jophrtiltm phltuir mo qum smltjch msté sm utjnjzilch msti  pinivri, piri làh sm jl`hrrmr lh rjs`h cm mstir-sm hfmrm`mlch itrjeuths vinhritjvhs (ohrinjziltms hu oiljqumïstis), ih jlvês cm oiljfmstir jltmrmssm mo oir`ir fhrois cjstjltis cm `hlstrujr m rmkunir h siemr.  Lmstm smltjch Iohrjo ipuc Shurjlah m Lmth (ojomh) (ojomh) cmfjlm prétj`i intmrlitjvi `hoh2 `hoh2 „... uoi cmlhojliëàh kmlêrj`i piri uo `hlbulth eistiltm eisti ltm amtmrhkâlmh cm itjvjcicms, jl`nujlch cmscm tê`lj`is icjvjlaitðrjis m cm cms`rjëàh cm pmrshlinjcicm itê tê`lj`is cm omcj`jli intmrlitjvi eismicis mo prmssuphsths oïstj`hs m rmnjkjhshs.  Mssis tê`lj`is, vji cm rmkri, hrjkjlio-sm i pirtjr cm `hl`mpëýms tricj`jhlijs cm ahomo m cm oulch m eismjio-sm mo `hlam`jomlths prê-`jmltïfj`hs hu moeisichs lh smlsh `houo. Pui utjnjziëàh ê aiejtuinomltm jltmrprmtici `hoh uoi eus`i cm rm`urshs oékj`hs piri i shnuëàh cm prhenmois `htjcjilhs‟ (p.9)  Lis pinivris cm Iohrjo, i „intmrlitjvjcicm‟ cmsti`i-sm cmsti`i-sm cm uoi prétj`i cjti psj`hnðkj`i m ê `iri`tmrjzici pmnh `hltmòch oïstj`h, rmnjkjhsh hu supmrstj`jhsh cm suis mxpnj`iëýms, smlch smu jlcj`ichr oijs mvjcmltm h fith cm qum2

5=

 I phsjëàh ci psj`ilénjsm frmltm ä „`jâl`ji lhroin‟ phcm smr ml`hltrici lh mx`mnmltm njvrh „i-`jmltjfj`icm „i -`jmltjfj`icm ci  psj`ilénjsm‟ cm Bhçn Chr (9::0)  (9::0) 

 

  „... làh sm `hlstjtumo mo vhnti cmssms cjs`urshs `houljcicms `houljcicms vhnticis piri i  pmsqujsi, h qum rmsunti ch fith cm làh prms`rmvmrmo qumeri-`iemëis i smrmo  shnu`jhlichs‟ (hp. `jt., pp. 945 m 940)  940)  @jtilch Phirms (9::3, p. 9:3) hs iuthrms ch trm`ah i`joi iphltio qum piri hs cjs`urshs intmrlitjvhs2 ...is vjis prjhrjtérjis sàh hs mlsjliomlths rmvmnichs m is mxpmrjâl`jis oïstj`is, lhs `ishs oijs mxprmssiomltm rmnjkjhshs, m i smlsjejnjziëàh rm`mptjvi ci jltujëàh (hp.`jt., p. 940 m 943) Cjfmrmltmomltm cmstis prétj`is, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin iprmsmlti thchs hs rmqujsjths cm `jmltjfj`jcicm rmqumrjchs pmni `houljcicm qum rmòlm is `jâl`jis psj`hnðkj`is, phjs `hopým m cm`hopým „qumeri„qumeri-`iemëis‟ i smrmo shnu`jhlichs, li eism ci cjs`utjejnjcicm, prhphlch shnuëýms i pirtjr cm pmsqujsis, lis quijs is omthchnhkjis sàh mxtrmoiomltm mxpnj`jticis.56  I `rïtj`i qum sm phcmrji fizmr ê i cm qum hs „qumeri„qumeri -`iemëis‟ iprmsmltichs pmni Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin mstàh fhri cis phssjejnjcicms cm cjs`utjejnjcicm mo rmniëàh äs hutris „psj`hnhkjis‟, phjs sm tritio cm tmois qum, eus`ilch io pnjir hs rmfmrml`jijs cm tmoph m mspiëh, i`ieio mseirrilch li „cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin auoili‟, qum mstirji suphstiomltm i `irkh chs fjnðshfhs, oïstj`hs hu oijs mspm`jfj`iomltm chs rmnjkjhshs, phr jssh smu cjs`ursh phcmrji smr `hlsjcmrich „intmrlitjvh‟.  „intmrlitjvh‟.  Mo uoi hutri pmrspm`tjvi mstms tmois mstàh piri inêo cis hutris psj`hnhkjis, tàh shomltm phrqum rmqumrmo uo hutrh piricjkoi. Lmssm smltjch, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin làh surkju piri lmkir hutris iehrcikmls. Iltms surkju lh smltjch cm trils`mlcmr hs piråomtrhs mstiemnm`jchs pmnis `jâl`jis mxitis, `hlfjroilch-sm luo uljvmrsh cm oijhr ituiëàh. @hoprmmlcmlch-sm i `jâl`ji `hoh `ioph irkuomltitjvh m làh `hoh cmtmlthri ci vmrcicm ieshnuti, phcm-sm qumstjhlir sm i cmnjojtiëàh ch fh`h cm pmsqujsi msté submjti ihs  picrýms chojliltms mo cmtmrojlich pmrïhch ci `hlstruëàh `hlstruëàh ci `jâl`ji, smlch, phrtilth, submjti i intmriëýms m mxpilsàh, `hoh ê h `ish ch prh`mcjomlth jlvmstjkitðrjh li érmi cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, qum tmvm smu hebmth cm pmsqujsi ilinjsich ih nhlkh ci ajstðrji cis „psj`hnhkjis‟, rm`memlch ci Tsj`ilénjsm uo mstituth omtipsj`hnðkj`h (Frmuc, 9:;6, PM., QQJ, pp. 63-6=7 MPE.,QQJ, pp. 19-15) ih nich cm `hl`mjths `hlsikrichs lis tðpj`is frmucjilis. Cmltrh ci psj`hnhkji mxjstml`jin, issjo `hoh mo hutris ms`hnis, aé uoi tricjëàh lh mstuch ch „sikrich‟, phcmlch smr ml`hltrici li Ilénjsm Mxjstml`jin (`hoh i cm Nucwjlk Ejlswilkmr), issjo `hoh mo hutrhs iuthrms qum `hlstruïrio tmhrjis cm rm`hlam`jomlth jltmrli`jhlin, rmfmrâl`jis i msti cjomlsàh5;. @hoh sm phcm pmr`memr, làh ê h hebmth cm pmsqujsi qum cmfjlm i `jmltjfj`jcicm cm uoi `jâl`ji. Lis pinivris cm Shurjlah m Lmth (oïomh) h qum cmfjlm is psj`hnhkjis `hoh `jmltïfj`is „... ê h ohch `hoh sm cé mo smu åoejth h prh`mssh cm prhcuëàh m vinjciëàh ch `hlam`jomlth.‟ (p. 1;)  1;)   Lmstm smltjch, iopnjilch is pmsqujsis cis ms`hnis iltmrjhrms i pirtjr cm uoi mxtmlsi  prhcuëàh `jmltïfj`i, li`jhlin m jltmrli`jhlin qum, `ho uoi hu hutri virjiëàh, mlknheio m 56

 Vmr njvrhs ci @hnmëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, puenj`ici pmni Mc. Vhzms, she i `hhrcmliëàh cm Tjmrrm [mjn. 5;  Vmr Oisnhw ,9:637 Vjgthr Frilgn, 9:;97 Bulk, 9:;:7 Uhkmrs, 9:107 [jnnjio Bioms, 9::97 Issikjhnj, 9::5, mt`.

 

iopnjio hs prm`mjths cm uoi nðkj`i mopïrj`h-ri`jhlin li `hlstruëàh cm smus ipiriths tmðrj`hs (ijlci rm`hlam`mlch hs njojtms cmssi nðkj`i), hs quijs suesjstmo ipðs is ivinjiëýms m pmrojtmo i cmoir`iëàh cm smu ms`hph, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ohstri i phssjejnjcicm ci cjs`utjejnjcicm cm smu hebmth cm pmsqujsi. I`rms`jch i jsth sm cmsti`i h fith, `hlfhrom fhj cjth mo pirékrifhs iltmrjhrms, cm qum smu hebmth cm mstuch bé sm iprmsmltiré `hoh fh`h cm jltmrmssm cm inkuois érmis ch siemr psj siemr  psj,, smlch phssïvmn, phrtilth, i sui jlvmstjkiëàh, aibi vjsti i mxtmlsi  ejenjhkrifji li`jhlin m jltmrli`jhlin jltmrli`jhlin prhcuzjci phr sui `houljcicm `jmltïfj`i. Mo sïltmsm, `hlsjcmrilch qum i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin phssuj uoi mstruturi prhcuthri cm piricjkois, `hoh tioeêo thch uo ipirith tmðrj`h-omthchnðkj`h mxtmlsiomltm pmsqujsich m `hnh`ich ä cjsphsjëàh cis „iucjâl`jis mspm`jinjzicis‟, emo `hoh uoi mxtmlsi `houljcicm cm pmsqujsichrms qum vji irkuomltiëàh prhohvmo i `hlstruëàh cm smu siemr, h „filtisoi ci intmrlitjvjcicm‟ ê vjsth lh omjh trilspmsshin ipmlis `hoh uoi fism lh prh`mssh cm lmkh`jiëàh sð`jh-phnïtj`h m êtj`h, phr qum pissi thch siemr. Lh mltilth, phstuni m cmohlstri, vji smu bé mxtmlsh `hrph tmðrj`h, tmr untripissich msti mtipi, cm fhroi qum cjs`utjr i sui „intmrlitjvjcicm‟ sð tmo smltjch quilch fhr mo rmniëàh ä „`jâl`ji lhroin‟, ci quin iprmsmlti `rjtêrjhs cm `jmltjfj`jcicm cjfmrmltms. Cjiltm cjssh, urkm i lm`mssjcicm ch rm`hlam`jomlth m ci jl`nusàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lhs omjhs i`icâoj`hs m lhs ðrkàhs lhroitjvhs ci prhfjssàh, piri làh sm `hrrmr h rjs`h cm i Tsj`hnhkji lh Erisjn fj`ir heshnmti, ä omr`â cm prm`hl`mjths m phsturis rïkjcis cm ipmkh i iltjkhs ohcmnhs m `hlvj`ëýms pirtjcérjis, smo i`hopilair i mvhnuëàh `jmltïfj`i ch ohomlth pnilmtérjh.

 

@ITÏS]NH JJ @IOTHP CM IEUILKÂL@JI

Pm h vjibiltm ml`hltri @hopilaji vjrtuhsi m séeji,  Cmjxh-h i`hopilaé-ni `ho inmkrji  M supmrir hs pmrjkhs ch `iojlah.  Ois sm vh`â làh ml`hltri iojkh hu omstrm qum h i`h i`hopilam... opilam... Vjibm shzjlah  Ih jlvês cm tmr i `hopilaji `hopilaji cm uo thnh.  Euci51 

Eismilch-sm lh trieinah cm [mjn (9:;1e) iphlti-sm lmsti smëàh i jltmr`hlmxàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin m inkuls riohs ch siemr psj, `ho h hebmtjvh cm prhpj`jir, i mstucjhshs cm cjvmrsis érmis, i`mssh ih hebmth cm pmsqujsi ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin2 mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, oijs prhlul`jiciomltm hs cmlhojlichs trilspmsshijs. I omthchnhkji cm  pmsqujsi phcm smr issjo iopnjici, thrlilch-sm smlsïvmn piri uo lhvh hnair sherm hs fmlóomlhs jlvmstjkichs. Cmltrm hs `iophs `hlmxhs i smrmo cmnjlmichs sjtuio-sm i Tsj`hnhkji @hophrtiomltin, Tsj`ilénjsm, Tsj`hnhkji m Smripji Mxjstml`jin, Tsj`hnhkji T sj`hnhkji Mvhnutjvi, Tsj`homtrji, Tsj`hfjsjhnhkji, Firoi`hpsj`hnhkji, Tsj`hpithnhkji, Tsj`hssh`jhnhkji, Ajplhnhkji, Silithnhkji m Hljrhnhkji. @hlfhrom jlcj`i [mjn (9:;1e) i iprmsmltiëàh cmstms riohs vjsi jlcj`ir phssïvmjs qumstýms i smrmo jlvmstjkicis. Lmstm smltjch, smré fmjti uoi ermvm cms`rjëàh ci érmi cm mstuch, cmsti`ilch-sm qumstýms cm rmnmvål`ji piri i érmi Srilspmsshin, m jlcj`iëàh cm inkuois  pmsqujsis. 5.9. Tsj`hnhkji @hophrtiomltin (Emaivjhrjsti) Is ms`hnis cm Tivnhv m Pgjllmr chojlirio curiltm oujths ilhs h `mlérjh ch oulch  psj`hnðkj`h, phr itmlcmrmo ih jcmin cm `jâl`ji phsjtjvjsti m om`ilj`jsti om`ilj`jsti ci êph`i. Iopnjilch hs trieinahs cm [ulct, fulcichr ci psj`hnhkji `jmltïfj`i, qum phr sui vmz, sm eismivi lh ohcmnh ci rmfnmxhnhkji cm Tivnhv, Pgjllmr fj`hu rm`hlam`jch li ajstðrji ci psj`hnhkji pmni jltrhcuëàh ch oêthch cm `hlcj`jhliomlth. Mlquilth tmhrji om`ilj`jsti, h emaivjhrjsoh `hl`mltrhu-sm lh mstuch ch `hophrtiomlth, jklhrilch hu rmbmjtilch i mxjstâl`ji ci omltm. [mjn (9:;1e) cmsti`i qum, i pirtjr ch mstuch ch `hltrhnm cm fulëýms hrkålj`is jlvhnultérjis, tijs `hoh `jr`uniëàh silkþïlmi m hlcis mnmtrhml`mfinhkréfj`is, rminjzich mo jhkums, surkjrio qumstýms qum hs mstuchs li érmi i`joi cms`rjti phcmo ms`nirm`mr.

51

 @jtich mo Eyrhl (9:;6).

 

  „Pmré phssïvmn, i pirtjr ch ejhfmmcei`g   mnmtrhml`mfinhkréfj`h, m ch rmfhrëh cm `mrths `hophrtiomlths, prhvh`ir mo niehritðrjh mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 Yum tjphs cm `hophrtiomlths prm`jsio smr ohcmnichs piri tijs fjls8 Yum `icmjis `hopnmxis cm `hophrtiomlths nmvio ä mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i8‟ (p. 95) 95)    Li `hnmëàh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, mcjtici pmni Vhzms, cmsti`io-sm trieinahs lmsti érmi, smlch rmssintichs hs irtjkhs cm @. I. Sirt `ho hs lïvmjs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji. 5.5. Tsj`ilénjsm H oulch ci Pinpâtrjárm, li Frilëi, rmlcji-sm ih rmj cis ajstêrj`is, Bmil-Oirtjl @air`ht, qum `ho suis joprmssjhliltms cmohlstriëýms ajplðtj`is (omjh `nïlj`is, omjh `jr`mlsms) njemrivi, phr sukmstàh, hs pi`jmltms cm smus sjlthois. Mstm „rmj‟ itriju piri i `hrtm pirjsjmlsm hutrh krilcm pmsqujsichr, Frmuc, qum bultiomltm `ho Ermumr, cmsmlvhnvmu h „oêthch `itértj`h‟, i pirtjr cm mxiustjvh mstuch sherm ajstmrji. Frmuc vmjh i ipmrfmjëhé-nh, ipmrfmjëhé-nh, lis`mlch ciï „i njvrm issh`jiëàh‟. H oêthch ci „njvrm issh`jiëàh‟ pmrojtju i Frmuc i `hlstruëàh cm sui omtipsj`hnhkji, `ho suis tðpj`is (9i. Sðpj`i2 `hls`jmltm, prê-`hls`jmltm, jl`hls`jmltm7 5i. Sðpj`i2 jc, mkh m supmrmkh), hfmrm`mlch issjo uoi tmhrji i`mr`i ch jl`hls`jmltm m sui cjlåoj`i, emo `hoh ch  pipmn ci smxuinjcicm li mtjhnhkji cis lmurhsms. lmurhsms. Ipmsir cm tmr h cuinjsoh `hoh oir`i fulciltm ( spintulk  ( spintulk ) m làh tmr cich i itmlëàh cmvjci ih fmlóomlh cm `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i, cmlhojlich li êph`i cm „smltjomlth h`målj`h‟ 5:, i psj`ilénjsm rmskuirchu piri sj uo u o mstituth omtipsj`hnðkj`h. Uhcrjkuê (9::=) cmsti`i i rmniëàh mltrm Frmuc, „h iljoin auoilh‟ m smu „iojkh h`målj`h‟, Uhoijl Uhnnilc - jcmðnhkh, pi`jfjsti, kilaichr ch Trâojh Lhemn ci Tiz m iuthr cm „Kailcj‟-- `hoh uoi cis phssïvmjs `iusis piri „h smltjomlth h`målj`h‟ tmr kilah uo mspiëh „Kailcj‟ li tmhrji frmucjili. „Cmphjs cm nmr „H futurh cm uoi jnusàh‟, Uhoijl Uhnnilc `mlsuri Frmuc phr làh tmr `hnh`ich li eism ch smltjomlth rmnjkjhsh iqujnh qum mnm cmlhojli „smltjomlthê h`målj`h‟, thoich cm jlcmpmlcmltm moprêstjoh chs oïstj ajlcus.  smltjomlth , piri mnm,tmroh „`hopnmtiomltm cm oïstj`hs thch `hs chkoi, cm Mssm thch `rmch, cm thci jkrmbi `hlstjtuïci, cm thch njvrh silth, cm thci mspmrilëi cm  shermvjci pmsshin mt`. Sriti- sm  sm ci smlsiëàh sjopnms m cjrmti ch Mtmrlh (...)‟. Frmuc làh sm smltm ä vhlticm lmssi frmltm. Mnm ms`rmvmré mo „H oin -mstir li `unturi‟2 „Is hpjljýms mxprmssis phr uo iojkh oujth icojrich (...) `iusirio-om `iusirio -om oujti cjfj`uncicms. Làh `hlsjkh cms`herjr mo ojo mssm smltjomlth ‑h`målj`h‚. Làh ê fé`jn njcir `jmltjfj`iomltm `jmltjfj`iomltm `ho smltjomlths‟ (...) Thcmohs `hlsjcmrir h prjomjrh `ipïtunh cm „h oin -mstir‟ uoi `irti iemrti i smu iojkh fril`âs. Pm mnm làh mxpmrjomlthu h  smltjomlth h`målj`h, „phcm, pmnh omlhs, huthrkir -nam, -nam, uo mstituth omtipsj`hnðkj`h‟. Sriti-sm Sriti-sm ch rmthrlh ih mstich cm fusàh ch mkh prjojtjvh ch emeâ i uoi sjoejhsm prjohrcjin `ho i oàm.‟ (Uhcrjkuê, 9::=, vhn.40, p. 965)  965) 

5:

 @hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i hu oijs ohcmrliomltm `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin.

 

  Pmkulch [mjn (9:;1e), vérjis sàh is pmrkultis qum phcmohs fizmr m qum mstàh smlch mstucicis pmni psj`ilénjsm. „Ê i `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i h phlth tmrojlin cm uoi rmkrmssàh i smrvjëh ch mkh8 Ê mni h rmsuntich cm uoi rmkrmssàh ä uljcicm prjohrcjin `ho i oàm8 Hlcm sm sjtui msti fusàh prjohrcjin8 Lh lïvmn hrin hu lh lïvmn jltri-utmrjlh8 Hu iltms8 Làh mxjstjrjio mstichs rmkrmssjvhs fusjhlijs mo lïvmn prê-utmrjlh8 Lmstm `ish i `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i smrji uoi rmkrmssàh ä uljcicm prjohrcjin ci fhltm ci mlmrkji. Jsth jopnj`irji luoi `hltjlujcicm ci vjci itê mstm lïvmn, pissilch pmni vjci iljoin, vmkmtin, ojlmrin m itóoj`i7 jsth jopnj`irji tioeêo luoi omoðrji il`mstrin m fjnhkmlêtj`i. Yuin i jlfnuâl`ji ci `hltritrilsfmrâl`ji li itjviëàh hu jljejëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 Yuijs hs rm`urshs tê`lj`hs piri sm `amkir ä `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 (pp. 90,93) Fizmlch rmfnmxýms lh `ioph psj`ilinïtj`h i pirtjr cm uoi hrjmltiëàh trilspmsshin, cmsti`iohs hs irtjkhs cm Oirg Mpstmjl, lh Bhurlin hf Srilspmrshlin Tsy`ahnhky m smus njvrhs „Tmlsiomlth smo Tmlsichr‟, mo qum fiz uoi `hlmxàh mltrm h pmlsiomlth psj`ilinïtj`h m h  eucjsoh, m „Tirtjr -sm smo qumerir‟, hlcm thoilch phr eism eism h trieinah cm [jllj`htt iphlti piri lïvmjs inêo ch mkh. Hutrh krilcm pjhlmjrh lmsti érmi ê [isaeurl (9:11, 9::3) qum triz `hltrjeujëýms  psj`ilinïtj`is piri h mstuch ci `nïlj`i trilspmsshin. H trieinah cm Lhroi Hnjvmjri (5443),  psjqujitri trilspmsshin m psj`ilinjsti ni`iljili, tioeêo phcm smr jl`nuïch lh rhn chs trieinahs  pétrjhs qum eus`io irtj`unir i trilspmsshin trilspmsshin m i psj`ilénjsm. 5.0. Tsj`hnhkji Mxjstml`jin m Auoiljsti [mjn (9:;1e) `aioi i itmlëàh piri h fith cm qum i tmripji m i psj`hnhkji mxjstml`jin tâo fh`injzich bé aé oujth tmoph i jophrtål`ji ci cjomlsàh fmlhomlhnðkj`i ch „iquj m ikhri‟  piri momrkâl`ji ch „ml`hltrh mxjstml`jin‟ m cis suis rmniëýms `ho hs vinhrms supmrjhrms ci auoiljcicm, tijs `hoh i emnmzi, i vmrcicm m h iohr. iuthrms `hoh Oisnhw,aéi `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i `hlstjtuj h omjh m h hebmtjvh fjlinTiri ci tmripji. Lmstm Nijlk tmrrmlhm tioeêo  prhenmois i nmviltir m i shnu`jhlir. shnu`jhlir. „Mxjstm uoi lm`mssjcicm punsjhlin cm sm `amkir ä `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 Hs vinhrms njkichs i mni sàh ‑jlstjltðjcms‟8 @hoh `amkir ä `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i smo rjs`hs cm cms`hopmlsiëàh8 Thr qum i mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i tmo h vinhr tmripâutj`h qum sm nam tmo itrjeuïch8 Yuijs is rmniëýms mltrm i rminjcicm ci mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i m i rminjcicm ci vjci quhtjcjili8‟(pp. 93 m 9=) Hs trieinahs pjhlmjrhs cm Oisnhw (ipuc [insa m Viukail, 9::=) oir`irio h jlï`jh  prhojsshr cis pmsqujsis lmsti érmi. phssïvmn ml`hltrir lis fjlijs @irn Uhkmrs (9:10) jlcï`jhs cm sui iemrturi piriPmlch hs mstuchs trilspmsshijs. Moheris „Shrli „Shrlirr-sm smcmSrilspmsshin‟ Ehijlijl Br. (9::1), cmsti`i qum @irn Uhkmrs, li cê`ici fjlin cm sui vjci, tmrji pissich phr uo

 

 prh`mssh cm trilsfhroiëàh trilspmsshin m, untripissilch hs ohcmnhs tricj`jhlijs ci psj`hnhkji auoiljsti, tmrji hfmrm`jch fulciomlths piri `rjiëàh `rjiëàh cm uoi „Iehrcikmo Srilspmsshin Uhkmrjili‟. Mstm njvrh rmskiti h ohomlth cm pissikmo ch auoiljsoh piri h trilspmsshin.  trilspmsshin.   5.3. Tsj`hnhkji Mvhnutjvi Ê prðprjh ci psj`hnhkji mvhnutjvi cmtmrojlir mstékjhs, fisms li mvhnuëàh cm virjévmjs ci  pmrshlinjcicm, tijs `hoh i jltmnjkâl`ji hu h `irétmr. Pui mxpmrjâl`ji omthchnðkj`i lmstm tmrrmlh  phcm smr `hnh`ici ä cjsphsjëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, piri rmshnvmr inkuls „qumeri „qumeri-`iemëis‟ tmðrj`hs.  tmðrj`hs.  „Yuijs is fisms qum sm ml`hltrio lh cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hl `hl s`jâl`ji  s`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 Sioeêo smré jltmrmssiltm jltmrmssiltm `hlfrhltir hs ohcmnhs mvhnutjvhs ci psj`hnhkji h`jcmltin `ho hs ohcmnhs hrjmltijs cm mvhnuëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji8‟ ([mjn, 9:;1e, pp. 9= m 96) „H Trhbmth Itoil‟ cm Gml [jnemr (9:::e) iprmsmlti uo  uo   chs prjomjrhs ohcmnhs uljfj`ichrms mltrm Hrjmltm m H`jcmltm lh qum cjz rmspmjth i uoi iopni vjsàh ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth auoilh. Lmnm vmohs jl`hrphrich uo lòomrh eistiltm krilcm cm tmðrj`hs m omstrms hrjmltijs7 tmohs `hlfrhltich m pmsqujsich cm Frmuc i Euci, cm Kmstint i Pailgiri, cm Tjikmt i Zhki`airi, m cm Ghanemrk i Grjsaliourtj. Pmkulch [jnemr (5449i)2 „H Trhbmth Itoil eismhu-sm eismhu-sm cjrmtiomltm li mvjcâl`ji cm oijs cm smssmlti  pmsqujsichrms cm cjvmrsis iehrcikmls, m ijlci mo `mltmlis cm hutrhs cm oilmjri jl fhroin‟ (p.=6).  (p.=6).  H ohcmnh cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji iprmsmltich phr [jnemr lmstm prhbmth `hltmopni cmscm i mstruturiëàh ch „Mu pnmrhoétj`h‟ äs msfmris sutïs m `iusijs. ]oi sïltmsm cmstm ohcmnh cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth phcm smrErmvm ml`hltrici ci  @hls`jâl`ji‟ (9:::i) m, cm fhroi oijs sjopnms, mo „]o Ajstðrjimo ch„Srilsfhroiëýms ]ljvmrsh‟ (5449e).  (5449e). ]oi Ermvm Vjsàh Srilspmsshin ch Cmsmlvhnvjomlth Auoilh

I tmhrji cm [jnemr vmo sm cmscherilch mo smus ms`rjths ih nhlkh chs vérjhs ilhs, smlch „H Trhbmth Itoil‟ uo chs phlths jlj`jijs lh qum cjz rmspmjth is suis rmfnmxýms i`mr`i ci tmhrji ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth auoilh. Omsoh qum mo ms`rjths phstmrjhrms ([jnemr, 5449i) mstm iuthr `nissjfjqum-hh `hoh uoi prhcuëàh ch smu pmrïhch „rhoåltj`h‟, iqumnm njvrh làh pmrcm smu vinhr `nissjfjqumsmu  vinhr cm iphjh äs jcêjis cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `rms`mltm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin.  Lh prh`mssh cm mvhnuëàh, iprmsmltich phr [jnemr, i `hls`jâl`ji sm cmscheri ci sue`hl`jâl`ji prê-pmsshin) ä supmr`hl`jâl`ji (uljcicm trilspmsshin). PmlchhuhMxtmrjhr, `j`nh ch ohvjomlth ci (uljcicm sue`hl`jâl`ji piri i iuth`hls`jâl`ji cmlhojlich H Ir`h piri Fhri m h ohvjomlth ci iuth`hls`jâl`ji piri i supmr`hl`jâl`ji H Ir`h piri Cmltrh hu Jltmrjhr.

 

[jnemr `hopiri i ajstðrji ch Ir`h Mxtmrjhr `hoh i ajstðrji ch amrðj, ch mkh, ch  prh`mssh cm momrkâl`ji ch jl`hls`jmltm itrivês ci cjfmrml`jiëàh, ci smpiriëàh, ch phssïvmn jshniomlth, ch `rms`jomlth, ci jlcjvjcuiëàh m ci momrkâl`ji. Bé h Ir`h piri Cmltrh hu Jltmrjhr iphlti piri uoi iopnjtucm oiljfmsti lh `hltith `ho h lïvmn trilspmsshin m làh ê kmrinomltm fhltm cm pmsqujsi phr pirtm cm jlvmstjkichrms h`jcmltijs. M st sté ékj kjh hs ch ch I r `h M xtm xtmrr j hr

9.  Mstékjh Tnmrhoétj`h2 `hlfusàh ch rm`êo lis`jch, jlcjfmrml`jiëàh. 5.  Mstékjh ]rheðrj`h2 prjomjris cjfmrml`jiëýms  ‐   `hjl`jcm `ho h pmrïhch hrin cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth njejcjlin. 0.  Mstékjh Sjfólj`h2 prjomjri cjfmrml`jiëàh `hopnmti qum `rji h mu hrkålj`h, hu mkh `hrphrin, chojlich pmnh prjl`ïpjh ch prizmr m cms`irkis m lm`mssjcicms jlstjltjvis. @hrrmsphlcm ä fism ilin m fénj`i. lhom surkju i pirtjr ch ojth krmkh Sjfàh. S jfàh. 3.  Mstékjh Pð`jh-vmrein2 iqujsjëàh ci njlkuikmo m cis fulëýms omltijs m `hl`mjtuijs. H mu cjfmrml`ji-sm ch `hrph, thrli-sm smr omltin m vmrein. =.  Mstékjh Omltin-mkðj`h2 cmsmlvhnvjomlth ch pmlsomlth iestrith, `hl`mjtuin m njlmir. Iuth`hl`mjth. 6.  Mstékjh @mltéurj`h2 jltmkriëàh supmrjhr ch mkh, `hrph, pmrshli m shoeri.

Lïvmjs ch Ir`h Jltmrjhr2 @iophs Srilspmsshijs 9.   Lïvmn Putjn Jlfmrjhr2 jl`nuj h choïljh psj`h-istrin. Mxpmrjâl`jis fhri ch `hrph,  prm`hkljëàh, tmnmpitji, `nirjvjcâl`ji, `nirjvjcâl`ji, psj`h`jlmsm. 5.   Lïvmn Putjn Pupmrjhr2 jltujëàh rmnjkjhsi, vjsýms sjoeðnj`is, pmr`mpëýms cm nuzms m shls cjvjlhs, prmsmlëi cm mltjcicms supmrjhrms m fhrois irqumtïpj`is. 0.   Lïvmn @iusin2 suprmoi `hls`jâl`ji `hls`jâl`ji cjvjli, fhrois irqumtïpj`is. 3.   Lïvmn @iusin Pupmrjhr2 trils`mlcâl`ji cm thcis is fhrois. Vé`uh, uljcicm. Hs hphsths sàh cm ]O. I `irthkrifji [jnemr ipmsir cm iprmsmltir uoi uljcicm eésj`i qum sm oiltêo jlintmrici, `hoh phcm smr vjsth lh Mspm`trh ci @hls`jâl`ji, vmo shfrmlch i`rês`johs m cmtinaiomlths, cm fhroi qum i rjqumzi tmðrj`i m suesïcjhs piri prétj`i iprmsmltichs phr mnm `hltjluiràh i jlfnuml`jir i `hlstruëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. 5.=. Tsj`homtrji I psj`homtrji `ho h ush cm tmstms, qumstjhlérjhs, jlvmltérjhs cm thci hrcmo, bé tmo uo  prm`mcmltm lh choïljh ci `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i7 hs trieinahs cm Uajlm m Phin tâo sjch pjhlmjrhs lmstm choïljh, ois sm rmstrjlkmo ihs phcmrms piripsj`hnðkj`hs, `hlfhrom jlcj`i [mjn (9:;1e). I rmshnuëàh cm qumstýms lmsti érmi, i pirtjr ch ush ci mstitïstj`i m oêthchs mo  psj`homtrji, `hltrjeujrjio piri omnahr cmtmrojliëàh cis virjévmjs jopnj`icis lh mstuch ci `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin.

 

  „Yuijs is virjévmjs qum nmvio ä mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 Yuin, phr mxmopnh, i jlfnuâl`ji ci jcicm, ch smxh, ci prétj`i ci omcjtiëàh, ch ush cm jl`mlsh, cm oiltris, cm rmstrjëýms injomltirms, cm mxmr`ï`jhs rmspjritðrjhs, cm rmstrjëýms cm itjvjcicm smxuin, ci fê, ch lïvmn `unturin, ch `hlam`jomlth prêvjh ci mxjstâl`ji ci @@8 Yuijs is `hrrmniëýms mltrm i `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i cm uo nich m is virjévmjs ci  pmrshlinjcicm m ch `hophrtiomlth cm hutrh nich8  Mxjstmo tjphs cm pmsshis oijs prhpmlsis ih momrkjr ci `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 (pp. : m 94) H trieinah cm [mjn (9:;1i) i`mr`i ci „omcjci ci `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i‟ ê uo eho mxmopnh ch ush ci psj`homtrji lh mstuch ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. Paipjrh m [insa (9:13) m [jnemr, Mlknmr m Erhwl (9:16) pirtjlch cm mstuchs sherm i  pmr`mpëàh ilinjsirio rmsphstis cicis phr pritj`iltms eucjstis cm omcjtiëàh (cmscm jlj`jiltms itê omstrms jnuojlichs) `ho h tmstm cm Uhrs`ai`a. Is ilénjsms jlcj`irio qum hs omcjtiltms jlj`jiltms iprmsmltirio picrýms cm rmsphstis lhroijs, mlquilth submjths `ho oijhr `ipi`jcicm cm `hl`mltriëàh vjrio ipmlis picrýms cm nuz m shoeri lhs `irtýms cm Uhrs`ai`a m làh is joikmls lhroijs cm pmsshis m iljoijs. Jsth phcm jlcj`ir qum mnms làh tjlaio i tmlcâl`ji cm jltmrprmtir cmsmlahs `hoh joikmls hrkiljzicis, rmfhrëilch i jcêji cm qum i `hl`mltriëàh ifjli i omltm rmcuzjlch h lòomrh cm issh`jiëýms. I ilénjsm cis rmsphstis chs omstrms `ho eho lïvmn cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth (hs qum aivjio in`ilëich h prjomjrh mstékjh ci jnuojliëàh) iphltirio qum vjvmo `hlfnjths lhroijs mo rmniëàh i qumstýms `hoh smxuinjcicm, ikrmssjvjcicm m cmpmlcâl`ji, smomnailtms ihs mxpmrjomltichs  pmnhs làh pritj`iltms, `ho i cjfmrmlëi qum hs oijs cmsmlvhnvjchs hs jltmkrio omnahr, iprmsmltilch-sm omlhs rmitjvhs m cmfmlsjvhs. Such jlcj`i qum mnms tâo uo eho lïvmn cm `hoprmmlsàh cm suis lmurhsms m làh sm cmjxio ifmtir phr mnis. Mstms omstrms tioeêo mrio `ipizms cm vmr is joikmls `hoh `rjiëýms cm suis prðprjis omltms, m tjlaio `hls`jâl`ji cis mtipis ch prh`mssh pmnis quijs i `hls`jâl`ji hrkiljzhu mstis joikmls. Omstrms intiomltm rminjzichs (tmr`mjrh mstékjh cm jnuojliëàh) vjrio làh sð is joikmls `hoh tioeêo i oil`ai cm tjlti mo sj `hoh prhbmëýms cm suis omltms, emo `hoh suis rmsphstis jlcj`io cm `hlfnjths punsjhlijs, pirm`mlch njvrmstrilsfhroivio cm `hlfnjths  psj`hnðkj`hs. ]o iusâl`ji chs i`aichs jlprmssjhliltms lmssms omstrmsmstir ê qum sjstmoitj`iomltm suis rmsphstis ihs cmz `irtýms mo uoi rmsphsti jltmkrici, cjs`hrrmlch sherm uo òlj`h tmoi, qum vmrsivi sherm i liturmzi ch shfrjomlth auoilh m `hoh injvjé-nh. injvjé -nh. 5.6. Tsj`hfjsjhnhkji I ilénjsm jlstruomltin cis jltmriëýms ci itjvjcicm fjsjhnðkj`i m psj`hnðkj`i hu `hophrtiomltin tmo-sm rmvmnich untjoiomltm rj`i mo mlsjliomlths lh qum sm rmfmrm ä `hls`jâl`ji ([mjn, 9:;1e). I psj`hfjsjhnhkji rmomtm ih mstuch cm oujtis qumstýms, inkuois cmnis omrm`mo itê oijhr jltmrmssm m cmcj`iëàh phr pirtm cm mstucjhshs, `hoh phr mxmopnh2 „Mstuch fjsjhnðkj`h ci mxpmrjâl`ji omcjtitjvi. Yuin i jlfnuâl`ji ci omcjtiëàh m cis cjfmrmltms`jr`unitðrjh, mspê`jms m omtiehnjsoh, virjmcicms cm omcjtiëàh, sherm h rjtoh `ircïi`h, rmspjritðrjh, mnmtrhojhkréfj`h, mnmtrh`utålmh m mnmtrhml`mfinhkréfj`h8

 

  Lmstm òntjoh òntjoh `ish, quijs is rmniëýms mmltrm ltrm hs rjtohs Infi, Emti, Cmnti m Smti m cjfmrmltms mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 Yuijs hs qum sàh mspm`ïfj`hs cmsti mxpmrjâl`ji8 (pp. 94 m 99) Is pmsqujsis cm Aireils Nin Irhri (9::3) hfmrm`mo mx`mnmltms rmfnmxýms i`mr`i cis qumstýms i`joi nmvilticis, cmsti`ilch-sm hs mfmjths ci omcjtiëàh sherm `hltrhnm m rmkunikmo chs prh`msshs psj`hfjsjhnðkj`hs, tijs `hoh2 9. cjojlujëàh chs rjtohs ci rmspjriëàh m ch punsh7 5. rmcuëàh ci prmssàh silkþïlmi7 0. rmcuëàh ci prhcuëàh cm é`jch né`tj`h (rmni`jhlich `ho ilsjmcicm, lmurhsms mt`.)7 3. iuomlth ci itjvjcicm ch sjstmoi lmrvhsh pirissjopétj`h (mqujnïerjh, trilqþjnjcicm)7 =. iuomlth cm itjvjcicm `mrmerin infi (mstich cm `inoi, trilqþjnjcicm, `rjitjvjcicm, jltujëàh)‟.(p. ;3)  ;3)  Viukail m [isa (9::=) m Khnmoil (9::6, 9:::e, 5440) cmsti`io qum i fi`jnjcicm cis `houlj`iëýms mltrm h Hrjmltm m H`jcmltm prhpj`jhu i rminjziëàh cm jlòomris pmsqujsis  psj`hfjsjhnðkj`is, qum `hnh`irio mo cmstiqum ohcjfj`iëýms shoétj`is, oijs pirtj`uniromltm  ejhmnêtrj`is, cm krilcms oïstj`hs oïstj`hs mo mstich cm âxtism. 5.;. Firoi`hpsj`hnhkji H mstuch ci jlfnuâl`ji cm `mrths prhcuths quïoj`hs hu cm `mrtis crhkis sherm h `hophrtiomlth m hs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji fhj prjohrcjin lh surkjomlth m cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, m ê iphltich phr [mjn (9:;1e) „`hoh h rioh oijs prhojsshr lh qum sm rmfmrm ä Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin.‟ (p.99). Lh mltilth i iopnjiëàh chs mstuchs ê lm`mssérji, smlch is qumstýms ieijxh omtis cm pmsqujsi. „Fizmr mstuch `hopiritjvh chs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji prhcuzjchs pmnis cjfmrmltms crhkis mxjstmltms, phr mxmopnh, mltrm oirjbuili, NPC m én`hhn.  Cmtmrojlir h kriu m mspê`jm cm pmrj`unhsjcicm cm `ici prhcuth, vjsilch ilinjsir h fulciomlth cis prhjejëýms nmkijs mxjstmltms.  Mstuch `hopiritjvh chs mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji prhcuzjchs phr crhkis m hs hetjchs phr hutrhs omjhs7 siemr sm sm triti cm fmlóomlhs jcâltj`hs hu cjfmrmltms.  Oijs mspm`jinomltm, `hopirir is cms`rjëýms cm mxpmrjâl`jis psj`hcênj`is `ho mxpmrjâl`jis oïstj`is.‟ (hp. `jt., pp. `jt., pp. 99 m 95) Hs mstuchs oijs fiohshs lmsti érmi sàh ml`hltrichs mo Krhf (9:11), qum cms`rmvm h jlï`jh cm suis pmsqujsis mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `ho ush cm NPC, lhs ilhs 64, li @am`hsnhvéquji phstmrjhomltm, lhs `hoh Mstichs ]ljchs. Hutrh sjkljfj`itjvh i pmsqujsi cm Oiths (9:1:) m,i`mr`i ci omcjtiëàh intmrlitjvi piri h trieinah ush cm crhkis, lh quinê mxpnj`jti h

 

mfmjth cm vérjis crhkis psj`hcênj`is, mo cjvmrsis `unturis, `jtiohs `hoh mxmopnh h pmyhtm m h iyuis`i.  Lh qum cjz rmspmjth ih ush cm intmrichrms ci `hls`jâl`ji, li érmi ci siòcm omltin, [mjn (9::4i) rmniti2 „Mo psjqujitrji, h ush cm crhkis psj`hcênj`is, oijs pirtj`uniromltm h é`jch  Njsêrkj`h NPC, `hnh`hu mo rmnmvh i mxjstâl`ji cm uoi mltrici mo hutri cjomlsàh m cm uo inirkiomlth ch `ioph ci `hls`jâl`ji, prhvh`ilch i `aioici mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i hu IP@ (Intmrmc Ptitm hf @hus`jhuslmss).‟(p.1)  @hus`jhuslmss).‟(p.1)   Mo pinmstris m irtjkhs oijs rm`mltms Krhf tmo vinhrjzich h ush ci rmspjriëàh m tmripjis mxpmrml`jijs `hoh uoi intmrlitjvi ih ush chs jlcuthrms `hoh NPC, aibi vjsti is prhjejëýms nmkijs m hs mfmjths `hnitmrijs iprmsmltichs phr msti suestål`ji, `hoh tioeêo pmnh in`il`m jlcuzjch pmni ajpmrvmltjniëàh (rmspjriëàh vjs`mrin) `hoh prh`mssh jltmrlh cm intmriëàh cjspmlsilch h ush cm mnmomlths mxtmrlhs. 5.1. Tsj`hpithnhkji @hlsjcmrici itê rm`mltmomltm `hoh uoi intmriëàh `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin sm emlmfj`jirji cm mstuchs qum cmnjojtissmo i frékjnpsj`hpithnðkj`i, frhltmjri mltrm hi„lhroin‟ mh „pithnðkj`h‟, ih omsoh tmoph mo qum smus rmsuntichs hfmrm`mrjio oêthchs oêth chs cm jltmrvmlëàh icmquichs piri mstis sjtuiëýms. Thrtilth, ê fulciomltin i rmshnuëàh cis smkujltms qumstýms 2 „Yuijs is cjfmrmlëis m smomnailëis mltrm inu`jliëàh m mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 @hoh mstiemnm`mr uo cjiklðstj`h cjfmrml`jin8 Yuijs is cjfmrmlëis mltrm rmkrmssàh pithnðkj`i m rmkrmssàh piri `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i, `ish smbi i`mjti i tmsm rmkrmssjvi nmviltici pmni psj`ilénjsm8 Yuijs hs rjs`hs cm cms`hopmlsiëàh lh `iojlah ci mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i m phr qum mstms rjs`hs8 @mrtis inu`jliëýms sàh rmijs8  Mxjstjrio pmsshis jltmrlicis mrrhlmiomltm phr `hlfusàh mltrm mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i m inu`jliëàh8( [mjn, 9:;1e,  pp. 95 m 90) Mo jophrtiltm trieinah, Krhf m Krhf (9::3, pp. 536 m 53;) iprmsmltio inkuls `rjtêrjhs qum ibucio li mniehriëàh cm uo cjiklðstj`h cjfmrml`jin cjfmrm l`jin mltrm „momrkâl`ji mspjrjtuin‟04  hu fmlóomlhs cm `hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin m hs trilsthrlhs psjqujétrj`hs. Mstms `rjtêrjhs 09  cjfmrml`jijs lhs pirm`mrio òtmjs li prétj`i `nïlj`i cjérji, emo `hoh mxprmssio h fruth cis  pmsqujsis mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lh `ioph ci psj`hpithnhkji. psj`hpithnhkji.

04

 H prðprjh tmroh momrkâl`ji sukmrm lm`mssjcicm jomcjit jomcjitii m ih omsoh tmoph uoi mnmviëàh7 h qum jlcj`i jlcj` i i jltmlëàh cm `hltith trils`mlcmltm `hoh itmlcjomlth ih `aioich vizjh mxjstml`jin mxprmssh mo `rjsms cm trilsfhroiëàh. 09 Mssms `rjtêrjhs li vmrcicm rmsuomo-sm ih ush cm mstritêkjis qum `hlkrmkio vérjis iehrcikmls lh trith ci njemriëàh pnmli cis mohëýms, ml`irilch thch h prh`mssh lh smu ispm`th ps`jhpithnðkj`h m li cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin sjountilmiomltm, sjountilmiomltm, `hoh pjnirms jltmkrichs ch prh`mssh tmripâutj`h.

 

 

5.:. Tsj`hssh`jhnhkji

Yumstýms i`mr`i chs fithrms sð`jh-`unturijs, issjo `hoh hs cjfmrmltms ispm`ths cis rmniëýms jltmrpmsshijs mltrm pmsshis m hs smus kruphs, sàh ispm`ths jophrtiltms lh mstuch ci `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i. [mjn (hp. `jt.) cmsti`i inkuois cmnis2 „Thr qum `mrtis vjsýms cjfmrmo lhs oïstj`hs cm cjfmrmltms `unturis8  `unturis8    M `hrrmnitjviomltm, phr qum aé `mrtis vjsýms irqumtïpj`is jcâltj`is mmo o thcis is `unturis8 Yuin i jlfnuâl`ji chs mstmrmðtjphs m prm`hl`mjths li pmr`mpëàh ci rminjcicm li mxpmrjâl`ji quhtjcjili m li mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 Yuin i jlfnuâl`ji ci sukmstàh lis rmniëýms mltrm omstrms m kurus cm uo nich m cjs`ïpunhs cm hutrh nich8 (p. 96) Mstuchs mo psj`hnhkji `houljtérji, uoi cis érmis ci psj`hnhkji sh`jin, phcmrjio fhrlm`mr mnmomlths i`mr`i ci jlfnuâl`ji chs fmlóomlhs trilspmsshijs sherm i cjlåoj`i `houljtérji, nmviltilch is mstritêkjis itrivês cis quijs sàh oilmbichs pmni `houljcicm, emo `hoh sm cmtm`tilch hs ohcjfj`ichrms cm `hls`jâl`ji utjnjzichs lh omjh phpunir. Mstucilch i itjvjcicm ch psjqujsoh cm`hrrmltm ch ohch cm vjci ch nukir/`houljcicm,  emo `hoh h sjstmoi cm rmniëýms m rmprmsmltiëýms, jcmltjcicm, lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji, cm jlcmltjfj`iëàh m pmrtjlâl`ji chs jlcjvïcuhs ih nukir/`houljcicm m ihs kruphs `houljtérjhs (Kðjs, 9::0), i psj`hnhkji `houljtérji iprmsmlti-sm `hoh `ioph prhojsshr cm pmsqujsis,  prjl`jpinomltm lh qum cjz rmspmjth ä ipnj`iëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin li omnahrji cis `hlcjëýms cm siòcm ci phpuniëàh. Trhbmths lmsti érmi mstàh mo ilciomlth phr pirtm cm uo chs iuthrms, Iurjlh Njoi Fmrrmjri, li `houljcicm ch @hqum, mo Um`jfm, TM. 5.94. Ajplhnhkji I rmiejnjtiëàh rm`mltm ci ajplhsm `ho hs mstuchs i`mr`i cm smus mfmjths tmripâutj`hs `hltrjeuïrio h cmsipirm`jomlth prm`hl`mjths cjfulcjchsä lhs omjhs `jmltïfj`hs, m piri pmrojtjrio i msti prétj`iquism trizmrthtin uoichsjophrtiltm `hltrjeujëàh Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, `hlfhrom issjlini [mjn (hp. `jt.) „Ê i mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i uoi amtmrh hu iuth-ajplhsm8 iuth -ajplhsm8 Yuijs is rmniëýms mltrm mstichs ajplðtj`hs m i `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8  Ê i `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i uo mstich cm trilsm prhfulch8 @ish phsjtjvh, `hoh `hlsmkujr mstm mstich pmroilm`mlch mo mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji cm vjkïnji hu pmnh omlhs sm nmoerilch cjsth8 Pm i `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i fhr uo mstich rmkrmssjvh prê-utmrjlh, `hoh usir hs oêthchs ajplðtj`hs cm rmkrmssàh, piri `amkir i mstms njojtms ci `hsohkâlmsm m ci  fhltm òlj`i ci mlmrkji8 (pp. 96 m 9;) H ush cm mstichs ajplðtj`hs piri h tritiomlth cm trilsthrlhs psj`hnðkj`hs m jlvmstjkiëàh ci omltm tmo kilaich cmstiqum lis òntjois cê`icis, smlch pjhlmjrhs hs trieinahs chs

 

 psj`ðnhkhs Fjhrm (9:;1), [ioei`a (9::9) m chs oêcj`hs Ohhcy Br. m Tmrry (9::=), [mjs (9::6). Sioeêo làh phcmohs cmjxir cm `jtir i `hniehriëàh oikjstrin cm Ojnthl Mrj`gshl `hoh sjstmoitjzichr ci ajplhsm liturin usici piri itmlcjomlths tmripâutj`hs. H rmfmrml`jin tmðrj`h-prétj`h mrj`gshljilh ê eistiltm `hopitïvmn `ho h ohcmnh trilspmsshin cm itmlcjomlth, smlch h tmripmuti trilspmsshin eistiltm emlmfj`jich `ho is sjstmoitjziëýms cmsti iehrcikmo. I cmfjljëàh cm ajplhsm `hoh uo mstich iopnjich cm `hls`jâl`ji pým mstis iehrcikmls `hoh jroàs kâomis lh njcir `ho h psjqujsoh auoilh. Kjnnjkil (5449), uo chs oijhrms mxphmltms ci ajplhtmripji mrj`gshljili, `jti Gml [jnemr piri rmspincir is suis jcêjis, emo `hoh triëi uo vïl`unh mltrm i ajplhsm m hs oêthchs hrjmltijs cm mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji. Mstm iuthr `rji uo `ioph cm `hltith mltrm i ajplhsm m  psj`htmripji trilspmsshin, smlch smu njvrh njvrh „@hrikmo cm Ioir‟ mojlmltmomltm trilspmsshin. trilspmsshin.   Ituinomltm, lh Erisjn, h ush ci ajplhsm msté rmkuniomltich pmni rmshnuëàh L². 490/5444 ch @hlsmnah Fmcmrin cm Tsj`hnhkji. 5.99. Silithnhkji Hs fmlóomlhs psj`hnðkj`hs qum `mr`io i ohrtm tâo-sm rmvmnich uo `ioph prhojsshr cm jlvmstjkiëýms, làh mstilch oijs rmnmkichs i jltmrprmtiëýms omriomltm rmnjkjhsis. I `hopiriëàh cm prhth`hnhs cm submjths qum vjvml`jirio uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cm `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i m mxpmrjâl`jis cm quism ohrtm iprmsmlti oujtis smomnailëis, phrtilth rminëiohs i jophrtål`ji cm smu iprhfulciomlth `ho h hebmtjvh cm cmtmrojlir hs phlths `hjl`jcmltms m is cjvmrkâl`jis cm tijs fmlóomlhs. „Yuijs is smomnailëis m quijs is cjfmrmlëis mltrm is cms`rjëýms cm mxpmrjâl`jis jltmrjhrms cm pmsshis qum mstjvmrio mo mstich cm ohrtm ipirmltm, hu qum fhrio rmiljoicis cmphjs cm ohrtis, m is cms`rjëýms c ms`rjëýms cm `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 Yuijs hs mfmjths ci `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i sherm itjtucms cjiltm ci ohrtm8 Yuin i jlfnuâl`ji ci `unturi, jcicm, fhroiëàh oïstj`h-rmnjkjhsi, sherm h ipirm`jomlth cm mxpmrjâl`jis jltmrjhrms cm pmsshis mo mstich cm ohrtm ipirmltm8  Mstuch ci `hrrmniëàh mltrm hs fmlóomlhs piripsj`hnðkj`hs m is mxpmrjâl`jis jltmrjhrms äqum prm`mcmo ä ohrtm. chs fmlóomlhs jltmrjhrms qum  prm`mcmo ohrtm.‟ ([mjn, 9::9, pp.91Jlvmstjkiëàh m 9:)  9:)   Li érmi cm tilithnhkji phcm-sm cmsti`ir hs trieinahs cm Gþenmr-Uhss (5444), Oiths (9:;5, 9:1;, 9::5, 9::= i,e,`), [mjn (9::4e, 9::=). 9 ::=). Gþenmr-Uhss triz uoi jophrtiltm `hltrjeujëàh piri h mltmlcjomlth chs prh`msshs ci ohrtm m ch ohrrmr, jltrhcuzjlch is fisms pmnis quijs pissi uo chmltm tmrojlin m hs fiojnjirms mlvhnvjchs. @hlstiti prjomjriomltm i lmkiëàh, smkujci ci rijvi7 cmphjs uoi fism cm eirkilai (quilch sm tmlti lmkh`jir `ho h stiff ahspjtinir m/hu fhrëis supmrjhrms piri ohcjfj`ir h cmsmlrhnir ci chmlëi), smkujci cm cmprmssàh m phstmrjhr i`mjtiëàh. Oiths sinjmlti h tieu ci ohrtm mo vérjis `unturis, `ho i fjlinjcicm cm oilutmlëàh ci vjci, `hoh uo om`iljsoh cm cmfmsi ch mkh. Iltahly, Oiurmr m Liky (ipuc. Oiths, 9::5c) `hl`numoch qumohrrmr lis `unturis mofioïnji qum sm mnjci `ho i ohrtm cm fhroi oijs liturin, i vjvâl`ji ch  prh`mssh cmltrh ci `houljcicm fivhrm`m äs `rjilëis uo ioicurm`jomlth  psj`hnðkj`h oijs répjch, prhpj`jilch i siòcm omltin. omltin.

 

Tirtjlch cis tricjëýms tjemtilis, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin tmo cmsmlvhnvjch uoi sêrjm cm rm`urshs tê`lj`hs piri njcir `ho mstm tieu, trizmlch i qumstàh ci trilsjthrjmcicm. Jssh fivhrm`m i qumeri cis cmfmsis lmurðtj`is cjiltm ch omch ci ohrtm psj`hnðkj`i (qum ê h omch ci  pmrci2 cm stitus, cm pipêjs, cm kilahs mt`.), h qumh prhpj`ji uoi i`mjtiëàh ch ohomlth m uo omnahr iprhvmjtiomlth ci vjci. Ê prm`jsh qum h tmripmuti trilspmsshin phssjejnjtm ih `njmltm i hphrtuljcicm cm cjs`rjojlir h omch ci ohrtm fïsj`i (iljqujniëàh ch `hrph) ch omch ci ohrtm psj`hnðkj`i (prh`mssh cm trilsfhroiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji, cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh m cmsipmkhs). I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin hfmrm`m uo ei`gkrhulc   mfj`iz lmsti érmi piri uo trieinah cm `rms`jomlth  psj`hmspjrjtuin. Cmsti`i-sm i `hltrjeujëàh mfj`jmltm cmstm suphrtm li `hoprmmlsàh ci tmltitjvi cm suj`ïcjh vjsth li Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hoh cmsmbh cm trilsfhroiëàh, hu smbi, ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth  psj`hnðkj`h. I `hlsuoiëàh ch suj`ïcjh pirm`m mvjcml`jir qum i pm pmsshi sshi su`uoeju i mmssm ssm cmsmbh smo tmr mltmlcjch i vji cm iphjh cm qum mfmtjviomltm lm`mssjtivi. Oiths (9::5c) rmfmrm ijlci qum i Pïlcrhom ci Tsj`hsm Pmljn ê uoi `hlsmqþâl`ji ch omch ci ohrtm, cmsti`ilch pmsqujsis cm Mjssnmr, @arjst m Kjnnmspjm. H omch mxi`mreich ci ohrtm psj`hnðkj`i quilch làh cmvjciomltm trilsfhroich, jl`rmomltiré is cmfmsis mkðj`is, kmrilch sjlthois psj`hsshoétj`hs. @ish mssis cmfmsis smbio jlsufj`jmltms, phcm mssm omch jl`hrrmr mo tmltitjvis suj`jcis hu itê omsoh mo krivms sjlthois  psj`hpithnðkj`hs. (Oiths, ipuc. Omlmzms, 5449, 5443i). Mo [mjn (9::=) tmohs cmsti`ich uo `hlbulth cm ajpðtmsms m omthchnhkji cm mstuch cm fmlóomlhs `hlam`jchs `hoh „vjci ipðs i vjci‟. Lmnm h iuthr cmsti`i is trâs tmsms eésj`is `ho rmniëàh ä ohrtm2 i ohrtm cmfjljtjvi, i ci shermvjvâl`ji pir`jin m i ci shermvjci thtin. H iuthr fulciomlti `ici uoi cmssis ajpðtmsms `ho trieinahs `jmltïfj`hs qum vjsio `hlfjroé-nis. 5.95. Hljrhnhkji  Lh tritiomlth cich ä cjomlsàh hlïrj`i lh åoejth ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, tioeêo aé `mrtis qumstýms qum mstàh smlch mstucicis m hutris tiltis qum ijlci omrm`mo jlvmstjkiëàh. „Yuin i smomn aailëi ilëi m i cjfmrmlëi mltrm uo shlah m uoi vjsàh rmin mo mstich cm  shlh8  Thcm h lïvmn cm shlah smr `hltrhnich pmnh ahomo `hoh fism piri in`ilëir i `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8 Yuin i smomnailëi m quijs is cjfmrmlëis chs sïoehnhs hlïrj`hs m chs sïoehnhs mo `hls`jâl`ji `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i8‟([mjn, hp.`jt., p.9:)  p.9:)  Hs shlahs smoprm mxmr`mrio fis`ïljh lhs smrms auoilhs phr `iusi ch jltmrmssm ch ahomo pmnhs ojstêrjhs ch smu oulch jltmrjhr. Li tmltitjvi cm cmsvmlcir mssms „ojstêrjhs‟ ch shlah m ch shlair, vérjhs oêthchs m tmhrjis fhrio cmsmlvhnvjchs tilth lh Hrjmltm, quilth lh H`jcmltm.  Li Iltjkujcicm, ijlci li Krê`ji, hs shlahs mrio usichs piri cjiklðstj`h m prh`mssh cm `uri cis chmlëis.

 

  Is`nêpjh (fjnah ch cmus Iphnh `ho i ohrtin @hróljs) mxm`utivi h rjtuin cm jl`ueiëàh cm shlahs itrivês cm uo shlah mspm`jin. Mssm rjtuin `hoprmmmlcji uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cm ohrtm m rmlis`jomlth hlcm h pi`jmltm mri jltrhcuzjch lhs ojstêrjhs m hetjlai i `uri. Tiri Irjstðtmnms h shlah sm hrjkjli chs ohvjomlths sutjs ch `hrph m ci inoi qum rmsunti ci itjvjcicm chs ðrkàhs chs smltjchs curiltm i vjkïnji. Ifjroivi qum uo oêcj`h mxpmrjmltm  phcmrji rm`hrrmr ihs shlahs piri prmvmr is chmlëis hu sui `uri. Mlquilth Ajpð`ritms, pij ci omcj`jli `jmltïfj`i, `hlsjcmrivi qum lh mstich cm vïkjnji i inoi msté itici äs fulëýms `hrphrijs, mlquilth lh shlah msté njvrm, `ho thcis is fulëýms fjsjhnðkj`is m psj`hnðkj`is ä sui cjsphsjëàh m qum h shlah phcm iphltir piri is `iusis cis chmlëis, itrivês cis joikmls. Bé lh sê`. JV, hs Putris ci Zhki cm Titilbinj rm`homlcivio „h tmstmoulah tmst moulah ch prh`mssh hlïrj`h hu ch shlh smo shlahs‟ ([insa m Viukail (9::;, p. 14).  14).   Pmkulch Frmuc, h shlah ê piri prmsmrvir h shlh, rmprmsmltilch i „sitjsfiëàh‟ chs cmsmbhs suphstiomltm pmrtueichrms mo phtml`jin, m ijlci `hoh uoi mxprmssàh chs prh`msshs  prjoérjhs piri rmnixiomlth cis tmlsýms. Mltrmtilth, sm piri Frmuc h shlah prmsmrvi h shlh, piri Nmrlmr (9:6; ipuc Oiths, 9::5) „mo vmz cm shlairohs piri phcmr chrojr, pmnh omlhs mo  pirtm, chrojohs piri phcmr shlair‟. Itrivês cm hesmrviëýms, vmrjfj`hu vmrjfj`hu-sm -sm qum hs mfmjths  psj`hnðkj`hs ci suprmssàh chs shlahs `iusio inths lïvmjs cm tmlsàh, ilsjmcicm m jrrjtiejnjcicm `ho finti cm `hl`mltriëàh, iuomlth ch ipmtjtm `ho `hlsmqþmltm iuomlth cm pmsh, finti cm `hhrcmliëàh ohthri, cjstòrejh li pmr`mpëàh ch tmoph m ci omoðrji, jltrhojssàh chs prh`msshs  prjoérjhs cm pmlsiomlth lh mstich cm omltm inmrti, smlsiëäh cm vizjh m cmspmrshlinjziëàh m tmlcâ`jis inu`jlitðrjis. H shlah ê uoi mxprmssàh ch lhssh jl`hls`jmltm. Ê cm krilcm jophrtål`ji mxiojlé-nh  psj`hnhkj`iomltm m trité-nh cm oilmjri jltmr`unturin, ajstðrj`i m trilspmsshin. @ici `unturi cmsmlvhnvm cjfmrmltms fhrois cm njcir `ho hs shlahs. Hs litjvhs Pmlhj ci Oinésji utjnjzivio hs shlahs luo `hltmxth tmripâutj`h m cm jltmkriëàh sh`jin. I `ici oilaà, fj`ivio luo `ïr`unh m lirrivio hs shlahs i thci `houljcicm eus`ilch uoi `hl`nusàh piri mnms m mstucilch sui omlsikmo. Fhj `hlstitich qum liqumni trjeh làh h`hrrjio `rjoms erutijs m lmo chmlëis omltijs. Hs ïlcjhs cis Ioêrj`is @mltrin m ch Pun m hs `aioichs pmnm vmromnai ci Ioêrj`i ch  Lhrtm `hstuoivio iehrcir hs shlahs làh ipmlis `ho prhpðsjth tmripâutj`h, ois ijlci `hoh  prhfm`jis, rmni`jhlilch pissich, prmsmltm m futurh. futurh. I psj`hnhkji eucjsti tjemtili phssuj oêthchs mspm`jijs, làh ipmlis cm ilénjsm chs shlahs, ois, shermtuch, piri pmrojtjr i jltmkriëàh ch oitmrjin ch jl`hls`jmltm ih lïvmn `hls`jmltm `hlstjtujlch uo ohcmnh mfj`iz piri h `rms`jomlth pmsshin m mspjrjtuin. Tiri jssh utjnjzio mxmr`ï`jhs prmpiritðrjhs, tijs `hoh2 tê`lj`is cm rmnixiomlth fïsj`h, rmspjriëàh, mt`., `ho h jltujth cm sm hetmr shlahs nò`jchs. Tiri hs eucjstis tjemtilhs, làh aé lmlauoi `iri`tmrïstj`i ci mxpmrjâl`ji cm vjkïnji qum i cjstjlki `niriomltm ci ch shlah. Mssis prétj`is ci Zhki Hlïrj`i, prétj`i cm omcjtiëàh yhkum mlquilth ijlci shlaio, mxjstmo lh Sjemtm aé oijs cm 9.544 ilhs m hebmtjvio oiltmr i nu`jcmz ci omltm luo mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji `hltïluh2 „h cmspmrtir‟. Mssi prétj`i mxjkm i `hoprmmlsàh ci liturmzi ch mstich hlïrj`h m ê rminjzici mo vérjhs mstékjhs2 9.  Shrlilch-sm uo shlaichr `hlstiltm, smkum h mstékjh smkujltm qum `hoprmmlcm i trilsoutiëàh ch `hltmòch hlïrj`h. Thr mxmopnh, sm h mstm shlah fhr sherm fhkh, pmlsm2h „Yumo tmré omch ch fhkh qum msté luo shlah8‟ @ho pmlsiomlth, pjsm sherm fhkh. Ci omsoi fhroi, `hnhqum cmeijxh chs smus pês h qum shlair. H prðxjoh

 

mstékjh `hlsjstm mo fiojnjirjzir-sm `ho hs smus shlahs, jcmltjfj`ir h qum mnms tâo cm hlïrj`h m rm`hlam`mr qum sàh shlahs, mlquilth mstàh i`hltm`mlch. I prmtmlsàh cm rm`hlam`mr qum vh`â msté shlailch ê sufj`jmltm piri iuomltir i frmquâl`ji chs shlahs nò`jchs. Hrcmlir i sj omsoh piri qum tmlai uo shlah nò`jch ê uoi fhroi cm jlcuzj-nh. ]o prê-rmqujsjth jophrtiltm ê i pmsshi rminomltm prmtmlcmr tmr uo shlah nò`jch. Aé `mrths prh`mcjomlths jlcuthrms2 i)  Yuilch i`hrcir msphltilmiomltm cm uo shlah curiltm i oicrukici, rmnmoerm h shlah vérjis vmzms itê tâ-nh omohrjzich7  e)  Mo smkujci, ijlci cmjtich m iltms cm vhntir i chrojr, cjki i sj omsoh2 ci prðxjoi vmz qum mstjvmr shlailch qumrh om nmoerir cm rm`hlam`mr qum msthu shlailch. Ptmpaml NiEmrkm (ipuc [insa m Viukail Viukail (9::;, p.1=) iprmsmlti uo „oêthch jlfinïvmn piri cmsmlvhnvmr i `ipi`jcicm cm nmoerir chs shlahs‟2 triti-sm triti-sm cm `rjir h aéejth cm pmrkultir smoprm ih i`hrcir2 „`ho qum mu mstivi shlailch8‟. Pukmrm ijlci, oiltmr -sm -sm uo cjérjh cm shlahs ä `iem`mjri ci `ioi piri rmkjstrir, i `ici vmz qum i`hrcir, quinqumr nmoerilëi, omsoh oïljoi, qum tmlai ch shlah. Hutri tê`lj`i qum mnm iprmsmlti ê2 curiltm h ohomlth ci trilsjëàh ch mstich cm vjkïnji piri h shlh, cmvm-sm cmvm-sm rmpmtjr2 „uo‟, msthu shlailch7 „chjs‟, msthu shlailch... shlailch.. . mt`, `hltjluir, m oiltmlch uo `mrth lïvmn cm vjkjnål`ji itê qum i pmsshi pmr`memri qum msté rminomltm shlailch. Mnm ifjroi qum ê oijs mfj`iz fizmr msti prétj`i pmni oicrukici  prjl`jpinomltm ih cmspmrtir cm uo shlah shlah m làh lh jlï`jh cm smu `j`nh cm shlh.  Li vjsàh ch Siltri, qum oipmji i omltm mo vérjis `ioicis, h shlah ê `hlsjcmrich `hoh2 „ uo cmnïrjh jltmrlh. Is joikmls hlïrj`is sàh bilmnis qum sm iermo li lhssi omltm  sue`hls`jmltm qum rm`memu is jlfnuâl`jis cis vérjis joprmssýms smlshrjijs curiltm h cji. Mxpmrjâl`is mssis jli`ieicis qum sm i`uounirio m sàh rmvjvjcis curiltm h  shlh‟ (É`irji, 5444).  5444).  Mltrmtilth, cjz hs mlsjliomlths ch Siltri qum qumo pritj`i omcjtiëàh prhfulci làh tmo lm`mssjcicm cm shlair, phjs i prðprji omcjtiëàh tmo i fulëàh cm `itirsm chs shlahs. Lh sjstmoi tåltrj`h cjstjlkum-sm chjs tjphs cm shlahs2 i)  h shlah `houo2 `hlsmquâl`ji cm joprmssýms cms`hlmxis rmkjstricis curiltm h cji pmni omltm sue`hsl`jmltm7  e)  h shlah jltjtujtjvh2 h`hrrm ipmlis quilch is hlcis vjeritðrjis ci `ioici supriomltin itjlkmo i omltm sue`hls`jmltm curiltm h shlah. Jsth sð i`hltm`m quilch i omltm msté fjxici luo issulth mspm`ïfj`h `rjilch issjo uoi fhrëi  psïquj`i lm`mssérji piri itjlkjr h lïvmn lïvmn ci supmr`hls`jâl`ji. I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, qum mstuci `jmltjfj`iomltm mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, iehrci i qumstàh chs shlahs `hoh uoi cis suis prjl`jpijs érmis cm jltmrmssm. @hlsjcmri h shlah li sui `hl`mpëàh cm shlah lhturlh, issjo `hoh luo smltjch oijs iopnh jl`nujlch h shlah i`hrcich, i joikjliëàh m vérjis filtisjis, qum sàh prhbmëýms ch jl`hls`jmltm mxpmrjml`jicis tilth phr  pmsshis lhroijs lhr oijs `hoh phr iqumnis `ho cjstòrejhs omltijs. Ilinjsi smus ispm`ths psj`hnðkj`hs cm oilmjri jltmr`unturin, ajstðrj`i m trilspmsshin (Oiths, oïomh).  Lh smu mlfhqum psj`htmripâutj`h, Nêh Oiths, eismich li kmstintmripji, `hlsjcmri chjs tjphs cm shlahs2

 

i)  shlahs i`ieichs2 iqumnms qum tâo `homëh, omjh m fjo7 kmrio sitjsfiëàh m  pnmljtucm.  e)  shlahs jli`ieichs2 sàh jl`hopnmths7 kmrio cms`hlfhrth, oin-mstir, cmjxio uoi ni`uli iemrti cm jlsitjsfiëàh. Tiri Oiths, Oiths, „h shlah làh ê shomltm uoi omlsikmo ch jl`hls`jmltm. Yuilch vh`â shlai, msté tmltilch fizmr psj`htmripji `hlsjkh omsoh, usilch i njlkuikmo hlïrj`i piri tmltir fm`air uoi kmstint psj`hnðkj`i làh `hl`nuïci lh mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji cmspmrti‟. Vérjis tê`lj`is phcmo smr usicis piri fi`jnjtir i pmsshi i ierjr is phrtis ch jl`hls`jmltm m pmrojtjr qum uo oijhr `hltmòch hlïrj`h phssi momrkjr ä `hls`jâl`ji m smr jltmkrich ä mxpmrjâl`ji ch `htjcjilh prhphr`jhlilch mqujnïerjh psj`hnðkj`h. Issjo i Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin jltmkri ih `hltmxth h`jcmltin tê`lj`is cmsmlvhnvjcis phr hutris `unturis mstmlcmlch hs ahrjzhltms  psj`htmripâutj`hs psj`hcjlåoj`hs äs omoðrjis ch prê-litin, pmrjlitin pmrjlitin m trilspmsshin. Nêh Oiths (9::5) cmsmlvhnvmu cmltrh ch `hltmxth trilspmsshin, jlspjrich li tê`lj`i ch „Phlah I`hrcich‟ cm Uhemrt Cmshjnnm, uoi tê`lj`i mspm`ïfj`i cmlhojlici „@itirsm ch shlah i`hrcich‟ hu „Phlah `itértj`h cjurlh‟, usilch-i usilch -i shermtuch `ho hs shlahs jli`ieichs lh jltujth cm fivhrm`mr ih `njmltm `hopnmtir iqumni sjtuiëàh jli`ieici qum nam `iushu cms`hlfhrth m jlsitjsfiëàh (Vmr `ipïtunh V). Inêo ci hphrtuljcicm qum h `njmltm tmo cm `hl`nujr h shlah jli`ieich, omoðrjis pmrjlitjis hu trilspmsshijs, mo fhroi cm @HMQ, phcmràh smr triticis lh smltjch cm nam trizmr mqujnïerjh m i rmjltmkriëàh ch smu emo-mstir psj`hnðkj`h. Tiri Irlhnc Ojlcmn05, i qumstàh i smr rmvmnici làh msté mxitiomltm lh shlah mo sj, ois li fhroi `hoh rm`hlam`mohs i mxpmrjâl`ji lh ohomlth omsoh mo qum i rm`hlam`mohs, hu smbi, h tmripmuti làh njci `ho h shlah prhprjiomltm, ois jltmrmssi-sm pmnh prh`mssh hlïrj`h qum i`hltm`m `ho h `njmltm qum sm oitmrjinjzi lh `hrph m li sjtuiëàh cm prmsmlëi qum mnm iprmsmlti lh ohomlth mo qum iehrci hs tmois chs shlahs `hoh i mxpmrjâl`ji qum sm mfmtjvhu lh shlah. Cmssm ohch h shlah ê vjsth `ho uo piricjkoi prh`mssuin, m làh `hoh uo `hl`mjth. Mssm  piricjkoi prh`mssuin i`hnam rmfmrmltms cis tmripjis `hrphrijs h`jcmltijs, cis psj`hnhkjis ilinïtj`is m cis prétj`is hrjmltijs, cm fhroi tin qum, ih mstucir i mxprmssàh `hls`jmltm (`hrphrinomltm `hls`jmltm) hs cichs hlïrj`hs mstiemnm`mo uoi `hlmxàh mltrm h `hltmòch m h „smltjr `hrphrin‟, piri i pirtjr ciï (tinvmz smbi mstm h cjfmrml`jin) `hoprmmlcmr i fhroi `hoh lh mstich cm vjkïnji phcm fizmr ms`hnais cm prétj`i qum prhohvio oijhr emo mstir jltmrjhr, mqujnïerjh, mo mspm`jin äqumnis njkicis mspm`jfj`iomltm ihs mstichs omcjtitjvhs. 05

 Irlinc Ojlcmn, psjqujitri qum cmsmlvhnvmu uo trieinah tmripâutj`h mlfh`ilch h uljvmrsh hlïrj`h, iphjich  pmni itjtucm tmnmhnðkj`i cm Bulk, rmuljlch rmfmrmltms ci c i Kmstint, ci omcjtiëàh eucjsti (`ho hrjmltiëàh ch rmlhoich omstrm jlcjilh Ougtililci), m ci itjtucm fmlhomlhnðkj`i ci fïsj`i ohcmrli, mstiemnm`mlch uoi `hlmxàh mltrm hs shlahs m sui `hrrmsphlcâl`ji li mxprmssàh `hrphrin

 

 

@ITÏS]NH JJJ IP TPJ@HSMUITJIP SUILPTMPPHIJP

Phohs h qum pmlsiohs. Such h qum shohs vmo chs lhsshs pmlsiomlths. @ho hs lhsshs pmlsiomlths fizmohs h oulch. - H Euci

Is psj`htmripjis trilspmsshijs `hopirtjnaio mltrm sj i vjsàh cm qum h smr auoilh iprmsmlti uoi iopnjtucm piri inêo ci pmrshlinjcicm, cm fhroi qum sui ituiëàh mlvhnvm cjomlsýms qum trils`mlcmo h lïvmn psj`hcjlåoj`h hu ejhkréfj`h, qum kmrinomltm ê `hlsjcmrich  pmnis psj`htmripjis tricj`jhlijs `hoh fhltm hrjkjlérji chs `hlfnjths m òlj`i cjomlsàh phssïvmn cm smr iehrcici psj`htmripmutj`iomltm. I jl`nusàh ch auoilh `hoh uoi tmji `hopnmxi cm rmniëýms, hlcm is `itmkhrjis ejh psj`h-sð`jh-`unturijs kilaio h i`rês`joh ci ilénjsm m `hoprmmlsàh ci `itmkhrji mspjrjtuin, mstmlcm is phssjejnjcicms cm jltmrvmlëàh, fivhrm`mlch uoi lhvi pmrspm`tjvi piri i cjlåoj`i  psïquj`i m piri i `hoprmmlsàh cm uoi iopni kioi cm fmlóomlhs itê mltàh rhtunichs cm  psj`hpithnðkj`hs hu oirkjlinjzichs pmnhs pmnhs mstuchs psj`hnðkj`hs. I smkujr, sjtuirmohs inkuls chs phstunichs `mltrijs ci Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin, cm fhroi i tmrohs lhrtmichrms eésj`hs qum lhs kujmo li `hoprmmlsàh chs fmlóomlhs vjvml`jichs lh `hltmxth tmripâutj`h.

0.9. Hs Trmssuphsths Eésj`hs ci Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin Such qum inkuêo `hl`mcm i hutrhs `hl`mcm i sj prðprjh. Pm mssi vmrcicm fhr mltmlcjci, qumo làh `hl`mcmré i hutrhs8   - Uioili Oiairsaj

Tirtjlch ch trieinah cm Eryil [jttjlm, ipuc Viukail m [insa (9::;), m cis rmfnmxýms cm @hrtrjkat (9::;), sjtuirmohs lmstm ohomlth inkuls chs phstunichs `mltrijs sherm hs quijs sm mrkum h trieinah ci Tsj`htmripji T sj`htmripji Srilspmsshin. Piemohs qum is `rmlëis, i fhroi `hoh h tmripmuti hesmrvi m mltmlcm h oulch m is suis lhëýms i`mr`i cm quin ê h smu pipmn, i fulëàh ci psj`htmripji m is tmhrjis qum sustmltio i sui hrkiljziëàh, cm fhroi `hls`jmltm hu jl`hls`jmltm cmtmrojlio m jlfnuml`jio fhrtmomltm i liturmzi ch prh`mssh qum `hlcuz. Jsth nmvhu-lhs i cmfjljr iquj inkuls chs prjl`jpijs  prmssuphsths qum rmkmo i itjtucm ch tmripmuti tmripmuti lmsti iehrcikmo. [jttjlm iprmsmlti i tmripji trilspmsshin `hoh2 ..."uoi iehrcikmo cm `uri/`rms`jomlth qum vjsi mstiemnm`mr uoi phltm mltrm i tricjëàh  psj`hnðkj`i h`jcmltin, jl`nusjvm is pmrspm`tjvis psj`ilinïtj`is m psj`hnðkj`h-mxjstml`jijs,

 

m i fjnhshfji pmrmlm uljvmrsin. H qum cjfmrml`ji i tmripji trilspmsshin cm hutris hrjmltiëýms làh ê lmo i tê`lj`i lmo hs prhenmois iprmsmltichs pmnhs pi`jmltms, ois i  pmrspm`tjvi mspjrjtuin ch tmripmuti" (hp. `jt. `jt. p. 964) Iquj `hoprmmlcmohs i „pmrspm`tjvi mspjrjtuin‟ ch tmripmuti `hoh mspiëh hlcm mnm sm jlsmrm `hlsjcmrilch i liturmzi mspjrjtuin hu trils`mlcmltm ch smr-lh-oulch `hoh uoi `itmkhrji i smr vjvml`jici quilch trieinai `ho hs smus `njmltms. Cm ohch qum ê jophrtiltm h  prh`mssh cm jltmkriëàh cis cjomlsýms trilspmsshijs trilspmsshijs `ho i cjomlsàh pmsshin ch smr. Jssh tioeêo sjkljfj`i i bulëàh cis tm`lhnhkjis cmsmlvhnvjcis pmnis psj`htmripjis h`jcmltijs `ho is tricjëýms ci fjnhshfji m ci psj`hnhkji pmrmlms, `hlfhrom phltui [jnemr (9::6, 5449). [jttjlm fulciomlti smus irkuomlths `ho `jl`h phstunichs `mltrijs, i siemr2 9.  I lm`mssjcicm cm `uri/`rms`jomlth mo thchs hs lïvmjs ch mspm`trh ci jcmltjcicm mkðj`h, mxjstml`jin m trilspmsshin7 5.  I `rms`mltm pmr`mpëàh ch Mu, hu `mltrh prhfulch ch Pmr, phr pirtm ch tmripmuti m sui  pmrspm`tjvi mspjrjtuin ci vjci `hoh `hoh mssml`jijs ih prh`mssh tmripâutj`h7 0.  H prh`mssh cm cmspmrtir cm uoi jcmltjcicm jlfmrjhr piri uoi jcmltjcicm supmrjhr7 3.  I liturmzi rmkmlmrichri m rmstiurichri ci jltujëàh m ci pmr`mpëàh jltmrjhr7 =.  H phtml`jin trilsfhroichr ci rmniëàh tmripâutj`i, làh sð piri h pi`jmltm `hoh tioeêo piri h tmripmuti. I`rm`mltiohs oijs trâs phstunichs ihs cmsti`ichs phr mstm iuthr, phr `hlsjcmré-nhs jophrtiltms piri tmhrji m prétj`i ci Tsj`htmripji T sj`htmripji Srilspmsshin.  6.  I `hoprmmlsàh ch `hltmxth, ch `hltmòch m ch prh`mssh ê fulciomltin li `hlcuëàh ci psj`htmripji trilspmsshin. ;.  I liturmzi auoili mssml`jin ê mspjrjtuin. 1.  I `hls`jâl`ji ê ountjljvmnici. I smkujr, ilinjsirmohs `ici uo cmssms phstunichs prh`urilch, li omcjci ch phssïvmn, mxmopnjfj`ir `hoh mnms sm oiljfmstio lh `hltmxth ci psj`htmripji trilspmsshin.

Thstunich 92  I I Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin ê uoi iehrcikmo cm trilsfhroiëàh qum  sm cjrjkm i thchs hs lïvmjs ch mspm`trh ci jcmltjcicm - Mkðj`h, Mxjstml`jin m Srilspmsshin Tirtjlch cm uo ohcmnh cm `irthkrifji ci `hls`jâl`ji, `hoh phr mxmopnh is `irthkrifjis cm [jnemr (9::6, 5449), Krhf (5444) m [hhnkmr (9::3), phcmohs cmsti`ir, cm ohch kmrin, trâs krilcms lïvmjs lh mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji2 mkðj`h, mxjstml`jin m trilspmsshin hu, luoi njlkuikmo wjnemrjili, prê-pmsshin, pmsshin m trilspmsshin. Cm fhroi qum quilch sm rminjzi uoi  psj`htmripji trilspmsshin, mstms lïvmjs smbio `hlsjcmrichs jltmrcmpmlcmltmomltm, omsoh quilch fh`ichs smpiriciomltm i pirtjr cm uoi lm`mssjcicm mspm`ïfj`i cm trieinah. Cmltrh ci pmrspm`tjvi trilspmsshin, h tmripmuti `hlsjcmri qum is prhenmoétj`is vjvjcis  pmnh pi`jmltm phcmo sm ml`hltrir mo quinqumr uo cmssms trâs lïvmjs, cm fhroi qum is rmsphstis cm `ulah mssml`jinomltm mxjstml`jin, `hoh2 „qumo shu mu8‟ „cm hlcm vmlah8‟ „piri hlcm vhu8‟, tàh `mltrijs lh `ioph ci psj`hnhkji cimsté fjnhshfji, cmpmlcmo ch lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji hu ci phsjëàh fmlhomlhnðkj`i hlcmm htioeêo jlcjvïcuh lh mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji.

 

  Hesmrvilch h trieinah cm Gml [jnemr pmr`memohs qum `ici uo cmssms lïvmjs msté `iri`tmrjzich phr prhenmois mspm`ïfj`hs, `iemlch ih tmripmuti trilspmsshin fivhrm`mr h jlcjvïcuh li pissikmo chs lïvmjs mkðj`hs piri hs lïvmjs trilspmsshijs. @hltuch, issjo `hoh hutris psj`htmripjis h`jcmltijs, i Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin, `hlfhrom phltui [jttjlm, vjsi tioeêo "fi`jnjtir i fhroiëàh m h cmsmlvhnvjomlth cm uoi jcmltjcicm mkðj`i mstévmn m `hmrmltm quilch tin ê lm`mssérjh ih pi`jmltm" (hp. `jt., p. 969),  969),   jssh phssjenjti h prh`mssh cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth cm uo Mu Mxjstml`jin mstévmn, `ipiz cm suphrtir h krilcm prh`mssh cm ohrtm m rmlis`jomlth mxjkjch piri mltrici lhs lïvmjs trilspmsshijs. Iphltiohs qum h `irétmr „mstévmn‟ ci jcmltjcicm jcmltjcicm mkðj`i, `jtich i`joi, ê `ieïvmn ipmlis lh `hltmxth cm mqujnïerjh, fhrtinm`jomlth, m làh lh smltjch cm joutiejnjcicm, aibi vjsti qum h cmscheriomlth cis mstruturis trilspmsshijs pmrojtjré i jl`nusàh m i trils`mlcâl`ji cmssi jcmltjcicm. @hl`hrciohs `ho [jttjlm quilch mnm phltui qum làh aé uoi ajmrirquji rïkjci cm nh`injziëàh chs jlcjvïcuhs cmltrh ch mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji, phcmlch mnm iprmsmltir vérjhs jltmrmssms qum mstmbio njkichs i `iri`tmrïstj`is prðprjis cm `ici uo cmssms lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji. @hltuch, `hlfhrom iphlti [jnemr (9:::i), is mstruturis cm eism hfmrm`mo  phssjejnjcicms m njojtms cm oiljfmstiëàh oiljfmstiëàh ch Pmnf. Mo uoi tmhrji cm ohcmnh ajmrérquj`h cmsmlvhnvjomltjsti auoilh mssi `itmkhrjziëàh `rms`mltm làh ê rïkjci, phcmlch h jlcjvïcuh `jr`unir fmlhomlhnhkj`iomltm mo thcis mnis. I `nïlj`i tmo cmohlstrich jssh rmpmtjciomltm, `hoh phr mxmopnh2 ]o `njmltm `amki ih `hlsuntðrjh trizmlch uoi qumjxi cm qum thcis is pmsshis li rui mstàh hnailch piri mnm, i`usilch-h cm ahohssmxuinjsoh. I ilénjsm ch smu cjs`ursh jlcj`i uo inth lïvmn cm prhbmëàh lh ispm`th mxtmrjhr, `hnh`ilch-h lh lïvmn mkðj`h ch mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji. Pmlch rminjzich uo trieinah cm jltmkriëàh cm sui shoeri m  pmrshli, tin pi`jmltm pisshu i rm`hlam`mr hs mnmomlths prhbmtichs lh mxtmrjhr `hoh  fizmlch pirtm cm sj omsoh. Mlquilth vjvji i `jsàh mltrm shoeri m pmrshli, mstm pi`jmltm tioeêo iprmsmltivi `hlfnjths prðprjhs ci cjlåoj`i mxjstml`jin, `hoh phr mxmopnh i oir`iltm nuti mltrm hs hphsths2 vjci vmrsus ohrtm, iohr vmrsus ðcjh. I lïvmn trilspmsshin momrkjrio mnmomlths `iri`tmrïstj`hs ci cjlåoj`i ohrtm-rmlis`jomlth ch mkh (Irqujvhs ch iuthr). I ilénjsm ch mxmopnh i`joi jlcj`i i lm`mssjcicm ch tmripmuti trilspmsshin pmr`memr qum aé uoi jltmr`hlmxàh chs cjvmrshs lïvmjs ch mspm`trh, omsoh qum rm`hlamëi hs trieinahs lhs lïvmjs trilspmsshijs `hoh iqumnms qum hfmrm`mo oijhrms phssjejnjcicms cm rminjziëàh cm oucilëis prhfulcis lh pi`jmltm. Jssh phrqum h prh`mssh mxpilcm i lhëàh cm jcmltjcicm piri inêo cis frhltmjris ch mkh, phssjejnjtilch uo ful`jhliomlth psïquj`h oijs iopnh m siucévmn.

Thstunich 52  I psj`htmripji trilspmsshin rm`hlam`m qum i pmr`mpëàh ch tmripmuti  sherm h Mu mo cmsmlvhnvjomlth, emo `hoh i vjsàh mspjrjtuin cm oulch cmssm Mu, sàh mssml`jijs ih prh`mssh cm fhrouniëàh ci liturmzi m ih rmsuntich ci tmripji. I iopnjiëàh ci vjsàh phr pirtm ch tmripmuti cm qum h pi`jmltm ê uo smr mo cmsmlvhnvjomlth, `ubh prh`mssh `mltrin cm trilsfhroiëàh smrji phssjenjtir-nam uoi iopnjiëàh

 

cm sui `hls`jâl`ji inêo ch mkh piri lïvmjs trilspmsshijs, ê fulciomltin piri h su`mssh ci tmripji. H trieinah tmripâutj`h quilch sm `mltrinjzi lh prh`mssh cm trilsfhroiëàh ch Mu, hu chs  pmqumlhs mus, `ho vjstis ä iopnjiëàh ch lïvmn mkðj`h, fi`jnjti ih pi`jmltm h prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth m trilsfhroiëàh. Msti ituiëàh ch tmripmuti phcm fi`jnjtir ih pi`jmltm i iopnjiëàh cm smu smlsh cm jcmltjcicm, cm fhroi qum sm pmr`mei inêo cm suis cmfmsis m njojtiëýms. I pmr`mpëàh ch `njmltm `hoh uo `hltjluo, hu smbi, `hoh uo Mu mo prh`mssh cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth m trilsfhroiëàh m làh `hoh inkh fjxh m jlti`th, `hlfhrom phstunio is tmhrjis cm pmrshlinjcicm, fi`jnjti ih tmripmuti prhphr jltmrvmlëýms intmrichris ci cjlåoj`i psïquj`i ch `njmltm, phssjejnjtilch uoi oijhr quinjfj`iëàh ci sui vjci. I jl`nusàh ci cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin, hu uoi rmfnmxàh i`mr`i chs ispm`ths trils`mlcmltms ch pi`jmltm, fi`jnjti-nam i vjvâl`ji ci jopmroilâl`ji li cjlåoj`i cm sui vjci. M mssi lhëàh cm jopmroilâl`ji fivhrm`m h rhopjomlth `ho is fjxiëýms prðprjis ci hrkiljziëàh cmfmlsjvi ch mkh, cm fhroi qum h `njmltm phcm tmltir iopnjir i sui cjlåoj`i cm `rms`jomlth, njvrilch-sm cis jcmltjfj`iëýms qum `hlstrujrio sui iuth-joikmo. Mstm phstunich phcm smr hesmrvich lh mxmopnh `nïlj`h i smkujr2 @njmltm prh`urhu tmripji `ho quicrh cmprmssjvh m jcêjis suï`jcis, uoi jlvmstjkiëàh jlj`jin iphlthu qum mstms sjlthois surkjrio ipðs i omsoi smr i`usici cm cmsvjir cjlamjrh lh smu moprmkh. Ful`jhlérji mxmopnir, `ho oijs cm 9= ilhs lh eil`h, tmvm  sui iuth-joikmo ieinici pmnis i`usiëýms cm uo kmrmltm rm`êo nhtich li sui ikâl`ji.  Is i`usiëýms rminjzicis phr mnm frikjnjzirio suis cmfmsis mkðj`is qum mstivio iphjicis luoi iuth-joikmo cm "ehi ful`jhlérji", tmlch i omsoi pmrcjch mstm rmfmrml`jin cm jcmltjcicm mkðj`h. Mni sm `hlsjcmrivi ikhri uo lici, `ubi òlj`i siïci  smrji i ohrtm. Ifjroivi ijlci qum sð làh tjlai `hl`rmtjzich h suj`ïcjh phr vmnais `rmlëis rmnjkjhsis. Tmr`memlch h Mu `hoh uo `hltjluuo mo cmsmlvhnvjomlth h tmripmuti fi`jnjthu h prh`mssh cm ohrtm psj`hnðkj`i ci iuth-joikmo iltjki m h rmlis`jomlth cm uoi lhvi jcmltjcicm. H ush chs mxmr`ï`jhs fi`jnjtichrms ci jopmroilâl`ji, jlspjrichs lis tricjëýms tjemtilis, mxpilcju i pmr`mpëàh ci `njmltm  piri smus omtivinhrms, rmstiurilch m iopnjilch suis `rmlëis mspjrjtuijs, phssjejnjtilch  sui uo lhvh trieinah, qum mrilhuo shlah iltjkh chs qumiuthrms) fhri sufh`ich  pmnirmhrkiljziëàh prmssàh cm "smrmo pmrfmjti" quilch ci mltrici eil`h. (irqujvh Oujtis tmripjis m cjiklðstj`hs tricj`jhlijs tmlcmo i pmr`memr h `njmltm `hoh uo „hutrh‟, ois i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin (mo i`hrch `ho hs auoiljstis) vâ h `njmltm, `njmlt m, issjo `hoh h tmripmuti, `hoh uo smr mo `rms`jomlth m `hopilamjrh cm eus`i. I psj`htmripji trilspmsshin ê h prh`mssh cm cmspmrtir cm uoi jcmltjcicm Thstunich 02  I jlfmrjhr piri uoi jcmltjcicm supmrjhr Cm jlï`jh, ê jophrtiltm ms`nirm`mr qum hs tmrohs jlfmrjhr m supmrjhr làh iprmsmltio `irétmr vinhritjvh, mxprmssilch ipmlis i `hopnmxjcicm ch lïvmn ci `hls`jâl`ji i qum sm rmfmrm. ]oi cjs`ussàh oijs cmtinaici i`mr`i cmstm tðpj`h phcm smr ml`hltrici mo [jnemr (5445). I omtéfhri hu h ojth is`ml`jhlin cm trilsfhroiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji cm uoi jcmltjcicm jlfmrjhr piri uoi jcmltjcicm supmrjhr ê utjnjzici cmltrh ch `hltmxth trilspmsshin, cm fhroi qum

 

i pissikmo cm lïvmjs mkðj`hs cm ful`jhliomlth piri lïvmjs trilspmsshijs cm `hls`jâl`ji sàh  eus`ichs cmltrh ci Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin smo, lh mltilth, aivmr uoi pmrspm`tjvi cm ajmrirqujziëàh rïkjci `hoh vjohs lh phstunich 9. Cmltrh ci pmrspm`tjvi cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth trilspmsshin is `itmkhrjis jlfmrjhrms mstàh jl`nuïcis lis supmrjhrms, `hoh tioeêo is supmrjhrms tâo suis rmprmsmltiëýms lis jlfmrjhrms, `ho lïvmjs cjfmrml`jichs m `ho oiljfmstiëýms prðprjis. Mssi lhëàh cm pmrtml`jomlth `hopnmomltir sm mxprmssi cm fhroi is`mlcmltm m jltmkrichri. H prh`mssh cm cmspmrtir uoi jcmltjcicm supmrjhr vjsirji fi`jnjtir ih jlcjvïcuh rm`hlm`tir-sm `ho h lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji supmrjhr qum pucmssm kmrml`jir hs lïvmjs jlfmrjhrms cm `hls`jâl`ji, hu smbi, h jlcjvïcuh pissirji kricuinomltm i smr cjrm`jhlich pmnh Pmnf hu lò`nmh supmrjhr ci sui `hls`jâl`ji. Mssi rmkâl`ji làh sm `hlfulcm `ho `hltrhnm, iltms phssjejnjti i jcmltjcicm jlfmrjhr rm`hlam`mr-sm mo smu ispm`th `hls`jml`jin oijs mnmvich, h Pmnf.  Lmstm prh`mssh, smkulch [jttjlm, h tmripmuti làh prm`jsi moprmkir lm`mssirjiomltm cmtmrojlicis prétj`is i fjo cm ibucir h pi`jmltm i vjvmr mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs, phjs i fulëàh ch tmripmuti smrji2 "Ibucir hs pi`jmltms - `hopissjvi, moehri pmrsjstmltmomltm - i jcmltjfj`ir m i njemrtir sm cis cmfjljëýms rmstrjtjvis ch mu m chs picrýms cm vjci qum jopmcmo h iuomlth ci `hls`jmltjziëàh ch mu m h surkjomlth cm uoi uo i jcmltjcicm supmrjhr."(hp. `jt., p.963) Ipmsir ci jophrtål`ji cis tê`lj`is, i`rmcjtiohs qum i rmniëàh `njmltm-tmripmuti m h  prðprjh prhfjssjhlin, `ho uuoi oi iemrturi lh trieinah pm pmsshin sshin m mspjrjtuin, sàh fulciomltijs piri hs rmsuntichs tmripâutj`hs. H fulciomltin ê h lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji ch tmripmuti m sui `ipi`jcicm cm oiltmr-sm iemrth piri is jlòomris oucilëis prmsmltms li rmniëàh tmripâutj`i mstiemnm`jci. I finti cm rmfnmxýms oijs iprhfulcicis phcm `hlcuzjr inkuls tmripmutis i suphrmo qum h „trilspmsshin‟ sjkljfj`i ieilchlh, mx`nusàh hu „ohrtm‟ ci mstruturi mkðj`i (pmsshin), `hltuch tin prh`mssh làh h`hrrm, tmohs sjo, uoi jltmkriëàh cis `iri`tmrïstj`is fhroichris ch mkh luoi mstruturi trilspmsshin, oijs iopni. H phlth `mltrin ê qum i icojljstriëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji làh mstiré oijs i `irkh ch icojljstrichr njojtich qum ê h mkh. ]o Mu trilspmsshin oijs iopnh  pissiré i icojljstrir hs rm`urshs icqujrjchs ih nhlkh ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth, pmrojtjlch ä pmsshi jlkrmssir mo uo lïvmn pðs-pmsshin, smo rmprmssýms hu itjtucms iuth-sue-bunkichris.

Thstunich 32  I psj`htmripji trilspmsshin fi`jnjti h prh`mssh ch cmspmrtir itrivês ch mlrjqum`jomlth ci `hls`jmltjziëàh jltmrjhr m ci jltujëàh Eismilch-sm lhs prjl`ïpjhs ci fjnhshfji m psj`hnhkji pmrmlm, qum ipirm`mo mo thcis is `unturis m êph`is `ho `iri`tmrïstj`is oujth smomnailtms, i Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin `hnh`i h  prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth i lïvmjs oijs siucévmjs m prhfulchs `hoh cm`hrrmltms cm uoi mxpilsàh `hltïlui ci `hls`jâl`ji. Lmstm smltjch, eus`i inirkir is phtml`jinjcicms ch smr cjrjkjlch sui itmlëàh piri „h jltmrjhr m piri h mu, thrlilch-lhs thrlilch -lhs oijs itmlths i lhsshs rmjlhs jltmrjhrms‟ ([jttjlm ipuc Viukail m [insa, 9::;, p. 96=), cm fhroi i phssjejnjtir uoi vjsàh oijs iopni ci vjci. I oucilëi cm fh`h cm itmlëàh piri lïvmjs jltmrlhs ê `hlsjcmrici phr sj omsoi `uritjvi, ierjlch mspiëh piri h ush jltujëàh, `hoh cm hutrhs inêosàhchssuestjtuïcis `hkljtjvhsphr li rmshnuëàh cm prhenmois. Iscifjxiëýms lhsemo pðnhs hphsths, `hrphrm`urshs hu omltm,

 

uoi vjsàh cm `ioph mxpmrml`jin fhroich pmni supmriëàh ci jnusàh cm smpiriëàh cmstms chjs  pðnhs.

@hrph

@ioph Mxpmrml`jin Omltm

]oi rmniëàh tmripâutj`i iutâltj`i prhpj`ji h surkjomlth ch `ioph mxpmrml`jin   mltrm tmripmuti m `njmltm, fmlóomlh smomnailtm ä rmniëàh jltmr-auoili prhphsti phr Oirtjl Euemr. Tiri i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin mstm tjph cm rmniëàh ê h fithr prjohrcjin lh prh`mssh cm `uri,  phjs pmrojtm uo `hltith prhfulch ch Pmr-lh-oulch. @jtilch Tmrns, piri qumo „i `hls`jmltjziëàh pmr sj ‐  mo  mo sj m phr sj ‐  sj  ‐   phcm phcm smr `uritjvi‟, [jttjlm cmsti`i i jophrtål`ji ci `hls`jmltjziëàh jltmrjhr lh prh`mssh cm `uri. I rmthoici ch suebmtjvh mo sui oijs prhfulci i`mpëàh ê uo krilcm cmsifjh ci  psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin, aibi vjsti qum is psj`hnhkjis, li tmltitjvi cm thrlirmo-sm `jmltïfj`is, ieilchlirio `itmkhrjis `itmkhrjis `hoh „jltmrjhr‟ m „jltujëàh‟, phr làh tmrmo `hrrmniths fïsj`hs cjrmths. Pmo còvjci, hs ivilëhs lis érmis ci lmurhnhkji m psjqujitrji ejhnðkj`i tâo oujth i `hltrjeujr  piri h ivilëh ci psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin m ci psj`hnhkji `hoh uo thch. @hltuch, rmcuzjr thch fmlóomlh auoilh i omri cms`irki lmurin ê eistiltm njojtich. [jnemr (5445) cmlul`ji mstm  prh`mssh rmcutjvh `hoh uoi tmltitjvi cm trilsfhroir thch Mu m Lðs mo Jsths hu thch jltmrjhr mo mxtmrjhr. Mo psj`htmripji trilspmsshin prhpým-sm prhpým-sm h „rmthrlh ch mxïnjh‟, hu smbi, i vhnti piri h `hltith `ho h `hrph, omltm, mohëýms, inoi m mspïrjth, `hoh uoi uljcicm. H tmripmuti làh ê mstjounich i `hlsjcmrir ipmlis h ispm`th moh`jhlin hu omltin, ois tioeêo jl`nujr h sh`jin, h `unturin m thcis is oiljfmstiëýms qum iphltmo piri inêo ch jlcjvjcuin, qum iphltmo i trils`mlcâl`ji.

Thstunich =2  Li Li psj`htmripji trilspmsshin, i rmniëàh tmripâutj`i ê uo vmï`unh piri h  prh`mssh cm cmspmrtir tilth lh `ish ch `njmltm quilth lh ch psj`htmripmuti psj`htmripmuti Tiri i psj`htmripji trilspmsshin, ê lh vïl`unh tmripâutj`h, li `hlcjëàh cm `ioph cm `hltith mxjstml`jin, qum mstàh is smomltms piri h prh`mssh cm trilsfhroiëàh jltmrjhr. Ê lmstm mspiëh vjtin m inkh vjrtuin qum sm mstiemnm`m uo prhfulch `hltith mltrm hs smrms qum h`upio h nukir cm `njmltm m tmripmuti, ê iï qum momrkm h phtml`jin cm `uri cjrm`jhlich ih `njmltm, ois qum rmvmremri tioeêo lh prðprjh tmripmuti.  Lis iehrcikmls cuinjstis h `njmltm h`upi h nukir cm qumo smré `urich, mlquilth h nukir ch `urichr pmrtml`m ih tmripmuti. @hltuch i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, pirtjlch ch ojth krmkh cm Y]ÏUHL, issuom qum thch tmripmuti ê uo `urichr fmrjch. M mlquilth rminjzi smu hfï`jh suis fmrjcis mstàh smlch rmpissicis m `hlvh`icis i tioeêo ml`hltrirmo uo nukir cm `uri. H `hltith mxjstml`jin `ho h pi`jmltm phssjejnjti h cmscheriomlth cis oir`is `éroj`is hu „`hopunsýms i rmpmtjëàh‟ prmsmltms lh jl`hls`jmltm ch tmripmuti, smo qum mstm pmr`i h fjh `hlcuthr ch prh`mssh. Cmltrh cmsti pmrspm`tjvi, thch ml`hltrh tmripâutj`h sð ê mfmtjviomltm phtml`jinjzichr cm `uri quilch sàh supmricis is eirrmjris m is cmfmsis ci cuinjcicm. H làh rm`hlam`jomlth ch

 

 prh`mssh oòtuh cm `uri hpmrich lh `hltmxth tmripâutj`h phcmré `hlcuzjr ih fri`issh ci tmripji,  phjs i shoeri làh jltmkrici ch tmripmuti phcmré smr prhbmtici lh `njmltm. Pmlch issjo, i thoici cm `hls`jâl`ji cm smu `mltrh cm phcmr, phlth joikjlérjh cm mqujnïerjh, pmrojtm ih tmripmuti fh`ir mo uo `ioph qum ê i sïltmsm ci jltmriëàh omltm/`hrph, aiejnjtilch-h cmssi fhroi i jltmrikjr cm fhroi omlhs cuinjsti. Ê jophrtiltm rmssintir qum làh mstiohs prhphlch ih tmripmuti utjnjzir h mspiëh ch `njmltm piri rminjzir sui prðprji tmripji, m sjo eus`ir uo mspiëh hlcm suis fmrjcis phssio ml`hltrir i`hnajomlth m trilsfhroiëàh. Mo suoi, prhphohs ih tmripmuti cmsjcmltjfj`ir-sm ch nukir cm `urichr, issuojlch suis prðprjis fmrjcis. Ifjlin, pirhcjilch Big` Ghrljfmnc, itê hs omnahrms `urichrms (psj`htmripmutis) tâo vmnais fmrjcis i `urir.

Thstunich 62  I `hoprmmlsàh ch `hltmxth, `hltmòch m ch prh`mssh sàh fulciomltijs li `hlcuëàh ci psj`htmripji trilspmsshin   I psj`htmripji trilspmsshin tmo `hoh omti i hetmlëàh cm lïvmjs cm siòcm psj`hnðkj`i oijs iopnjichs, hu smbi, qum fivhrmëio i mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji piri inêo cis lm`mssjcicms  eésj`is cm shermvjvâl`ji (injomltiëàh, ierjkh m rmni`jhliomlth), jl`nujlch lm`mssjcicms cm hrcmo supmrjhr, njkicis ä iuth-rminjziëàh. Pmkulch Viukail m [insa (9::=), „mo tmrohs jcmijs, uoi hrjmltiëàh psj`htmripâutj`i trilspmsshin sustmlti uoi jltmkriëàh einil`milch hs ispm`ths fïsj`hs, moh`jhlijs, omltijs m mspjrjtuijs ch emo-mstir‟ emo-mstir‟ (p.54=). Cm (p.54=). Cm fhroi qum is lhëýms cm `hltmxth, `hltmòch m prh`mssh  phcmo fi`jnjtir i `hlcuëàh ci tmripji. tmripji. Pmlàh vmbiohs2 @HLSMQSH Yuilch uo tmripmuti `houlj`i itjtucms qum fi`jnjtio i `hlfjilëi, quilch sm smltm jltmkrich `ho is mxpmrjâl`ijs trilspmsshijs, jsth fi`jnjti ih pi`jmltm mxpnhrir sui prðprji `hls`jâl`ji. Thrêo, quilch h tmripmuti pým hesté`unhs äs vjvâl`jis trilspmsshijs, làh mstilch cjsphsth i njcir `ho i iopnjtucm ch mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji m `ho h `irétmr làh usuin chs fmlóomlhs, mstiemnm`m uo `hltmxth njojtich, jophssjejnjtilch ih pi`jmltm i momrsàh ch oitmrjin cm lïvjms trilspmsshijs hu pmrjlitijs. `ho o, `ho hu bulth, m tmxtmrm, tm`mr (`hoh I pinivri `hltmxth vmo cm cuis riïzms nitjlis2 `h mo tm`jch). Phe msti nuz, h `hltmxth làh ê uo rm`jpjmltm pissjvh piri sui mxpmrjâl`ji, ois uo  prh`mssh itjvh. Yuilch vh`â ouci i oilmjri cm tm`mr suis mxpmrjâl`jis, inkuo tjph cm trilsfhroiëàh phcm oujth emo h`hrrmr. H `hltmxth trilspmsshin phcm smr cmfjljch pmnh `hlbulth cm `rmlëis, vinhrms m jltmlëýms qum rmkmo i `hls`jâl`ji ch tmripmuti. Mo òntjoi ilénjsm h `hltmxth ê i prðprji `hls`jâl`ji ch tmripmuti, smus njojtms m iemrturi, emo `hoh smus hesté`unhs, phjs smlch i `hls`jâl`ji ih omsoh tmoph hebmth m jlstruomlth cm oucilëi, ê mni qum phssjejnjtiré hu làh i oiljfmstiëàh chs cjvmrshs lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji ch pi`jmltm. I `rjiëàh cm uo `hltmxth trilspmsshin sð ê phssïvmn i pirtjr ci iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji ch tmripmuti, ci sui phssjejnjcicm mo trieinair `ho `rmlëis iemrtis i`mr`i ch prh`mssh7 rm`hlam`mlch qum thchs hs smus pmlsiomlths, `rmlëis m vinhrms ifmtio cjrmtiomltm h prh`mssh, qumr smbio `hls`jmltms hu jl`hls`jmltms.

Ê pmr`mptïvmn i iemrturi piripiri tmois `hoh ohrtm m mspjrjtuinjcicm, mxmopnh, fi`jnjti ih qum pi`jmltm trizmr ch tijstmripmuti `hltmòchs i tmripji, mlquilth h fm`aiomlthphr ch tmripmuti jljem h trieinah `ho mnms. Ti`jmltms qum tâo suis vjcis piuticis mo prjl`ïpjhs êtj`h-

 

mspjrjtuijs tâo oujtis vmzms cjfj`uncicms mo `houlj`ir suis mxpmrjâl`jis, phr tmomrmo smr rhtunichs. I sjtuiëàh fj`i oijs cjfï`jn piri hs pi`jmltms mo jlï`jh cm prh`mssh tmripâutj`h qum,  phr jssh omsoh, làh `hoprmmlcmo ijlci h uljvmrsh trils`mlcmltm. trils`mlcmltm. H prh`mssh cm iemrturi cmvm rmkmr h `hltmxth trilspmsshin. I njtmrituri jlcj`i qum làh sàh is tê`lj`is qum cmfjlmo uoi psj`htmripji psj `htmripji `hoh trilspmsshin, uoi vmz qum i „cjsphsjëàh  piri qumstjhlir is `rmlëis m suphsjëýms i`mr`i ci lhssi liturmzi mssml`jin ê fulciomltin piri mxpilsàh ch lhssh `hlam`jomlth‟. (Viukail m [insa, 9::=, p.541)  p.541)   @HLSMÒCH I pmr`mpëàh ci psj`htmripji ituilch mo lïvmjs ountjfi`mtichs ci `hls`jâl`ji auoili ê fulciomltin li `hoprmmlsàh ch `hltmòch, phjs mo tmripji trilspmsshin, qum iehrci i  phssjejnjcicm cm trils`mlcâl`ji, phcmo momrkjr `hltmòchs chs cjvmrshs lïvmjs m làh ipmlis ch lïvmn trilspmsshin. Vhukail m [insa (9::=) rmnitio `ho `nirmzi qum2 „lh lïvmn ch mkh, triti chs prhenmois rmnitjvhs i njcir `ho i vjci m i hetmr h qum  sm qumr lh oulch, mlquilth lh lïvmn mxjstml`jin prmh`upi-sm, cm ohch quism mx`nusjvh, `ho qumstýms cm iutmltj`jcicm, smltjch m prhpðsjth‟ prhpðsjth‟ (p.541). Thcmohs cmfjljr uo `hltmòch trilspmsshin pmni oiljfmstiëàh cm quijsqumr mxpmrjâl`jis qum iopnjmo is njojtiëýms rïkjcis ch mkh m ci pmrshlinjcicm, jl`nujlch-sm choïljhs oïtj`hs, irqumtïpj`hs m sjoeðnj`hs ch jl`hls`jmltm. TUH@MPPH H prh`mssh mo psj`htmripji trilspmsshin ê cmtmrojlich lh `hltith mxjstml`jin mltrm tmripmuti m `njmltm. @hltuch, quilth oijs iopnh m fnmxïvmn fhr h `hltmxth hfmrm`jch pmnh tmripmuti, oijs iopnis smràh is phssjejnjcicms ch `njmltm mxpnhrir sui `hls`jâl`ji. Moehri i njlmirjcicm tmophrin làh smbi uoi mxjkâl`ji piri h ml`iojlaiomlth ch  prh`mssh tmripâutj`h trilspmsshin, ê phssïvmn, ppiri iri fjls cjcétj`hs, oipmir mstm prh`mssh mo trâs mstékjhs kmrijs, quijs smbio2 9.  M st sté ék j h ci J cmltjf ltjfjj `i `iëà ëàh h  ‐  ‐  hpmri   hpmri lh lïvmn ch mkh, smlch h cmsmlvhnvjomlth

5. 

ci fhrëi cm ch iuth-iluniëàh, mkh, h iuomlth ci iuth-mstjoi m h ieilchlh cm smpicrýms lmkitjvhs hs cmsifjhs `mltrijs lmstm mstékjh. Iquj eus`i jltmkrir shoeri m pmrshli, cm fhroi i surkjr uo mkh mstévmn, `ipiz cm suphrtir hs prh`msshs cm cmsjlcmltjfj`iëàh lm`mssérjhs ih `rms`jomlth  psj`hnðkj`h. H phlth `mltrin lmstm mstékjh ê phssjejnjtir i supmriëàh ci frikomltiëàh prê-pmsshin pmni momrkâl`ji cm uo mjxh ikrmkichr oijs  pmsshin, omsoh qum njojtich pmni `hlvml`jhlinjcicm chs pipêjs mkðj`hs. ‐  @ho  @ho i momrkâl`ji cm uo lïvmn pmsshin oijs M sték sték j h c ci i Cm C msj sjlc lcm mltjf ltjfjj `i `iëà ëàh h  ‐  mstévmn, h mkh iltms cmsjl`hrphrich, pissi i mltrir mo `hltith `ho h `hrph, vjsth iltmrjhomltm `hoh fhltm cm chr, phjs rmvmni i trilsjthrjmcicm. Lmstm ohomlth tmo-sm h jlï`jh ch cmspmrtir trilspmsshin i pirtjr ch trieinah lh lïvmn mxjstml`jin. Iquj h jlcjvïcuh mlfrmlti qumstýms mxjstml`jijs eésj`is, `hoh h smltjchchsci pipêjs, vjci. itjvjcicms Sioeêo êm cich jlï`jh ih inêo prh`mssh cm cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh rmni`jhliomlths, cm uo  prhfulch prh`mssh cm jltmkriëàh omltm/`hrph. Is kritjfj`iëýms in`ilëicis lh

 

0. 

 prjomjrh mstékjh sàh mltàh vjstis `hoh njojticis m njojtiltms. I rmshnuëàh cmstm mstékjh ê vjvml`jici `hoh uo prhfulch prh`mssh cm ohrtm psj`hnðkj`i ch mkh. mkh. M st sté ék j h Sr S r ilsp lspm msshi sshin  ‐  ‐  lmstm  lmstm mstékjh tmohs cuis mtipis2 i) M stie stiem mnm`j nm`jo omlth cm uo M u S Srr ilspm ilspmsshin sshin qum surkm i pirtjr ci cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh ch mkh m ch  prh`mssh cm jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho h hesmrvichr làh-pirtj`jpiltm chs lhsshs  prðprjhs prh`msshs psj`hnðkj`hs. H Mu trilspmsshin prm`jsi kricitjviomltm jr jl`hrphrilch hs mnmomlths làh jltmkrichs chs mstékjhs iltmrjhrms cm fhroi i iphjir-sm `ici vmz oijs mo uo `ioph jltmkritjvh omltm/`hrph mstévmn7 e) I iuthtrils`mlcâl`ji  momrkm ch rm`hlam`jomlth ch Mu Srilspmsshin `hoh `hltmxth cm thci mxpmrjâl`ji, phcmlch-sm cjstjlkujr mltrm i `hls`jâl`ji m hs hebmths hu `hltmòchs ci `hls`jâl`ji. Lmstm phlth, thch omnhcrioi pmsshin issuom omlhs jophrtål`ji, làh aé i mxpmrjâl`ji cm smpiritjvjcicm ieshnuti,  prðprji ch mkh, m sjo uo `rms`mltm smltjomlth smltjomlth cm jltmrcmpmlcâl`ji.

Thstunich ;2 I  I liturmzi mssml`jin auoili ê mspjrjtuin   I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hl`hrci qum i liturmzi ci jcmltjcicm auoili ê ountjfi`mtici, ierilkmlch uo iopnh mspm`trh cm `itmkhrjis qum vàh ch fïsj`h ih00 sh`jin, `hltuch i vjsàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hnh`i uoi prjoizji li hrjkmo mspjrjtuin , `hoh suphrtm m sustmltiëàh ci mstruturi psj`hnðkj`i ch Pmnf. I Omltm, `hlfhrom iphlti [jnemr (9::6), ê i rminjcicm òntjoi ci cjomlsàh psïquj`i m iprmsmlti-sm cm fhroi làh-cuin. I`mssé-ni  pmrojtjrji h rhopjomlth `ho is mstruturis njojtiltms ch mkh. I siòcm psj`hnðkj`i òntjoi mstirji issh`jici ih rm`hlam`jomlth ci liturmzi jnjojtici smoprm prmsmltm mo lðs, emo `hoh i sui mxprmssàh lis iëýms `htjcjilis.

Thstunich 12  Mstichs iopnjichs i opnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji sàh uo `iojlah cm ii`mssir `mssir phtml`jijs p html`jijs `uritjvhs m cm `rms`jomlth ch Pmr I Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin fhj pjhlmjri li mxpnhriëàh m pmsqujsi cm hutrhs lïvmjs m mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji7 iopnjilch h `ioph cm mstuchs ci psj`hnhkji, qum `hlsjcmrivi mstichs iopnjichs `hoh `hoh pithnðkj`hs (Mx2 i ]ljàh Oïstj`i fhj vjsti `hoh uoi „msqujzhfrmlji irtjfj`jin‟ hu `hoh uoi sjopnms filtisji). Tmsqujsis `ho psj`hcênj`hs prhvh`irio uoi oucilëi ricj`in cmsti vjsàh tricj`jhlin7 tioeêo h ush cm tê`lj`is `hoh bhrlicis xioålj`is, rmspjriëàh fh`injzici, ajplhsm, omcjtiëàh m yhki iphltirio lhvis fi`mtis ci `hls`jâl`ji. Vjvâl`jis mspjrjtuijs cm `hltith `ho uoi cjomlsàh inêo ch pmsshin frmqþmltmomltm jopunsjhlirio pmsshis i uoi mxpilsàh ci sui `hls`jâl`ji piri inêo ci hrcjlérji. P`htthl, @ajlml m Eittjsti (9::6) cmsti`io hs mfmjths `uritjvhs ch ush chs mstichs iopnjichs (làh-usuijs) cm `hls`jâl`ji lh prh`mssh tmripâutj`h. @jtio qum oijs cm ojn m qujlamltis puenj`iëýms tâo cmohlstrich hs vinhrms psj`hnðkj`hs, fjsjhnðkj`hs m quïoj`hs cmstms cm stms mstichs.

00

 Mspjrjtuin msté rmni`jhlich `ho i lhëàh cm Omltm cmsmlvhnvjci phr [jnemr (9::6).

 

Mo psj`htmripji trilspmsshin tioeêo làh cms`irtiohs is prhenmoétj`is qum cm`hrrmo ch oiu ush chs mstichs intmrichs, m cm `hoh mnms phcmo sm thrlir uo hesté`unh ih `rms`jomlth,  prjl`jpinomltm quilch tmohs fjxiëýms qum mstjounio uoi „jlfniëàh ch mkh‟, hu sm bi, h i`mssh i lïvmjs supmrjhrms cm `hls`jâl`ji ê thoich pmnh mkh `hoh uoi cmfmsi piri is cjfj`uncicms ch vjvmr, mvjtilch h `hltith `ho i `hlcjëàh auoili cm frikjnjcicm m jopmroilâl`ji. I pirtjr chs phstunichs `jtichs, `hl`nuïohs qum piri i `hlcuëàh ch prh`mssh  psj`htmripâutj`h trilspmsshin trilspmsshin ê jophrtiltm2 i)  itmltir piri lm`mssjcicm cm trilsfhroiëàh lhs lïvmjs ch mspm`trh cm jcmltjcicm (mkðjkh, mxjstml`jin m trilspmsshin) issjo `hoh lhs cjvmrshs lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji, cmltrh cis vérjis `irthkrifjis7  e)  i pmr`mpëàh iopnjici ch tmripmuti sherm h Mu mo cmsmlvhnvjomlth m sui vjsàh mspjrjtuin cmssm Mu7 `)  fivhrm`mr i iopnjiëàh ci jcmltjcicm mkðj`i piri lïvmjs trils`mlcmltms, hu smbi,  piri lïvmjs cm `hopnmxjcicm inêo ch mkh7 c)  mstjounir lh `njmltm h prh`mssh cm jltmrjhrjziëàh m h cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci jltujëàh7 m)  h mstiemnm`jomlth cm uo eho ripphrt , `ho `hlfjilëi m mopitji, luoi rmniëàh frutïfmri tmripmuti-`njmltm, hlcm ioehs oiltmlaio-sm mo iprmlcjzich m `rms`jomlth, cm`hrrmltms cmsti rmniëàh7 f)  `hlsjcmrir li tmripji i jophrtål`ji ch `hltmxth, `hltmòch m prh`mssh, cm fhroi jltmkrici i fjo cm fi`jnjtir h cmsmlvhnvjomlth ch pi`jmltm7 k)  itmltir piri i liturmzi auoili, mssml`jinomltm mspjrjtuin, lh smltjch cm itmlcâ-ni mo suis lm`mssjcicms oijs prhfulcis, fivhrm`mlch sui thtin rminjziëàh7 a)  ituir cm fhroi i làh cms`hlsjcmrir hutrhs lïvjms cm `hls`jâl`ji qum phssio mstir jltmrnjkichs lh fmlóomlh, piri làh jl`hrrmr mo rmcu`jhljsoh7 j)   prhohvmr mstichs làh-usuijs cm `hls`jâl`ji m h i`mssh i mxpmrjâl`jis trilspmsshijs piri fivhrm`mr `uri m `rms`jomlth. Thr fjo, `hl`hrciohs `ho Viukail m [insa (9::=) quilch phltuio qum h rmsuntich  emo-su`mcjch ci tmripji trilspmsshin trilspmsshin phcm smr „cms`rjth `hoh uo smlsh iopnjich cm jcmltjcicm, mo qum h mu ê vjsth `hoh h `hltmxth ci mxpmrjâl`ji cm vjci, `hlsjcmrici, phr sui vmz, `hoh `hltmòch. Mssi oucilëi cm jcmltjcicm `hstuoi smr issh`jici `ho uoi oucilëi cm ohtjviëàh  ‐   ch iuth-ipmrfmjëhiomlth piri h smrvjëh -, jopnj`ilch omlhs jlvmstjomlth li rminjziëàh cm hebmtjvhs mkðj`hs mspm`ïfj`hs m uoi ohtjviëàh prmchojliltm piri pirtj`jpir ch oulch m smrvjr lmnm‟. (pp. 594 m 599).  Lmstm smltjch, uoi psj`htmripji trilspmsshin mfj`iz ê iqumni qum aiejnjti i pmsshi i smrvjr i vjci, i pirtj`jpir itjviomltm lhs prh`msshs cm omnahrji pmsshin, sh`jin m `unturin ci auoiljcicm, pmrojtjlch-lhs, issjo, i oijhr cm thcis is cms`hemrti2 i `hrikmo cm ioir qum sm ms`hlcm mo lhsshs `hriëýms.

 

0.5. Hs Pjstmois Tsj`htmripâutj`hs Srilspmsshijs 0.5.9. Umspjriëàh Ahnhtrðpj`i - Ptiljsniv Krhf  I fulëàh ch fi`jnjtichr hu tmripmuti... ê, phrtilth, iphjir h  prh`mssh mxpmrJml`jin `ho pnmli `hlfjilëi `h lfjilëi mo sui liturmzi `uritjvi, smo tmltir oucé-nh. (Krhf, 9::;i, p. 969)

Krhf (9::;i) cmsti`i qum h lhom ahnhtrðpj`h „sjkljfj`i, njtmrinomltm, eus`ilch i thtinjcicm hu ohvmlch-sm piri h thch (ch krmkh ahnhs ? thch m trmpmjl ? ohvmlch-sm mo cjrmëàh i).‟ (p. 969). 969). M phltui qum msti tmripji tmo `hoh prmssuphsth i jcêji qum i oijhrji chs jlcjvïcuhs, cm lhssi `unturi, `ho lïvmjs cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth oêcjh, sueutjnjzio smus phtml`jijs cmvjch ih iprjsjhliomlth rïkjch i uoi jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho h smu `hrph fïsj`h m `ho h mkh. Cmltrh cmsti pmrspm`tjvi hs sjlthois surkmo `hoh cmlul`jichrms chs njojtms iuthjophsths ih hrkiljsoh, emo `hoh tmltitjvis cm in`ilëir i rminjziëàh cm smu phtml`jin. Pmlch issjo, pissio i smr vjsths `hoh `hoh uoi tmltitjvi cm „`uri msphltålmi ch hrkiljsoh‟.  hrkiljsoh‟.  Is tê`lj`is cm psj`htmripji mxpmrjml`jin tâo phr hebmtjvh prjl`jpin „itjvir h jl`hls`jmltm, cmsenhqumir i mlmrkji prmsi lhs sjlthois moh`jhlijs m psj`hsshoétj`hs m `hlvmrtmr h mqujnïerjh mstétj`h cmsti mlmrkji mlmrkji luoi `hrrmltm cm mxpmrjâl`ji‟ (jcmo, p.965), p.965) , fivhrm`mlch h cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji. H ush cmstis tê`lj`is rmqumr uo ohcmnh jltmrprmtitjvh inêo ch ejhkréfj`h, aibi vjsti  prhpj`jir h ipirm`jomlth cm uoi jomlsi kioi cm fmlóomlhs fmlóomlhs qum rhopmo i eirrmjri ch pmsshin, jl`nujlch hs lïvmjs pmrjlitin m h trilspmsshin. Trjl`ïpjhs cm Smripji Ahnhtrðpj`i Pmkulch Krhf uo chs prjl`ïpjhs `mltrijs ci tmripji ahnhtrðpj`i msté njkich ih rm`hlam`jomlth ch `irétmr trilsfhroichr chs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, cm fhroi qum  eus`i, itrivês cm tê`lj`is, prhohvmr mstms mstichs, hebmtjvilch i`mssir hs phtml`jijs `uritjvhs msphltålmhs ch hrkiljsoh. Hs sjlthoiscislmstm prh`mssh, `hoh ih bé fhj iltmrjhromltm utjnjzichs `hoh  phtml`jinjzichrms oucilëis, `iemlch i ssjstmltm issjstmltm ci `uri,mxpnj`jtich, h tmripmuti,sàh „iphjir h prh`mssh mxpmrjml`jin `ho pnmli `hlfjilëi mo sui liturmzi `uritjvi, smo tmltir oucé-nh‟ oucé-nh‟ (jcmo,  p.960).    p.960). I phsturi fmlhomlhnðkj`i cm i`hopilair h prh`mssh tmripâutj`h ch pi`jmltm smo mxpm`titjvis m prm`hl`mjths ê fulciomltin piri h eho ilciomlth ch prh`mssh, aibi vjsti qum mxpmrjâl`jis phtml`jinomltm trilsfhroichris h`hrrmo oujtis vmzms cmstjtuïcis cm `hltmòchs mspm`ïfj`hs. Krhf iphlti qum jsth h`hrrm, kmrinomltm, lhs ohomlths jlj`jijs ci tmripji, hlcm ê `houo i momrkâl`ji cm picrýms cm tmlsàh fïsj`i m moh`jhlin qum, quilch njemrichs, prhohvmo uo prhfulch rmnixiomlth. Pð phstmrjhromltm pissirjio i surkjr smqþâl`jis vjvml`jijs phssïvmjs cm smrmo issh`jicis i `hltmòchs chs lïvmjs psj`hcjlåoj`hs,  pmrjlitijs m trilspmsshijs.  Lilïvmn tmripji mxpmrjml`jin `houo h`hrrmrmo prhfulcis m curichuris, tilth mo moh`jhlin `hoh êpsj`hsshoétj`h, smo, trilsfhroiëýms `hltuch, iprmsmltirmo phssjejnjcicms cm

 

jltmrprmtiëàh `iusin, phjs i vistjcàh ch jl`hls`jmltm cmserivich pmnh ohcmnh trilspmsshin jlcj`i qum mstiohs ijlci nhlkm cm tmrohs oipmicis thcis is rmkjýms ch psjqujsoh. Omsoh rm`hlam`mlch qum h ush cm suestål`jis psj`hcênj`is msté mltrm hs omjhs oijs  phcmrhshs m cjrmths cm prhohvmr mstichs jl`houls cm `hls`jâl`ji, Krhf cmsti`i hs rjs`hs cm smu ush, tilth phr jopnj`irmo prhenmois nmkijs, `hoh phr rmqumrmo uoi iopni mstruturi cm iphjh piri cir suphrtm ihs mfmjths `hnitmrijs prhcuzjchs phr mnis. Krhf (9::;i) tioeêo rm`hlam`m qum ih nhlkh ci ajstðrji cjvmrsis `unturis fjzmrio ush cm intmrichrms làh quïoj`hs ci `hls`jâl`ji, `hoh ê h `ish chs rjtuijs xioålj`hs, `mrjoóljis jlcïkmlis cm `uri, cilëis mo trilsm, ush cm ajplhsm m prétj`is mspjrjtuijs cjvmrsis, `hltuch cmsti`i qum i mxprmssàh tmripji ahnhtrðpj`i cmvm smr rmsmrvici „piri lhssh prh`mcjomlth cm tritiomlth, qum `hoejli rmspjriëàh `hltrhnici, oòsj`i m hutris fhrois cm tm`lhnhkji shlhri, m trieinah `hrphrin fh`injzich‟ (jcmo, pp. 963 m 96=). 96=) .  Li `jtiëàh i`joi phcmohs cms`irtir hs trâs mnmomlths eésj`hs ci tmripji ahnhtrðpj`i2 h ush ci rmspjriëàh `hltrhnici (ajpmrvmltjniëàh), oòsj`i m trieinah `hrphrin. Viohs ilinjsé-nhs  ermvmomltm, aibi vjsti bé tmrmo sjch mxiustjviomltm iprmsmltichs phr Krhf mo suis  puenj`iëýms. I)  H ush ci rmspjriëàh `hltrhnici. Krhf tmo i`hlsmnaich h ush ci rmspjriëàh `hoh `iojlah cm i`mssh ih jl`hls`jmltm, mo mspm`jin mo lïvmjs pmrjlitijs m trilspmsshijs. Ituinomltm, sui rm`homlciëàh ê qum i rmspjriëàh cmvm smr fmjti cm fhroi itmlti, làh smlch lm`mssérjh uo iuomlth créstj`h ch rjtoh rmspjritðrjh. Yuilch sm njci `ho i rmspjriëàh `hoh `iojlah cm `uri, cmvm-sm `hlam`mr hs mfmjths cmstm prh`mssh sherm i fjsjhnhkji ch `hrph. Cmltrm hs oijs cmsti`ichs msté i sïlcrhom ci ajpmrvmltjniëàh `ho smus fiohshs mspisohs `irphpmcijs, qum cmvm smr icmquiciomltm oilmbici cm fhroi i trizmr emlmfï`jhs piri h `rms`jolth ch pi`jmltm. I rmspjriëàh tioeêo ifmti hs prh`msshs psj`hfïsj`hs fivhrm`mlch `itirsm hu ie-rmiëàh, qum `hlsjstm mo trmohrms, `hltriëýms, ohvjomlths `hrphrijs crioétj`hs, thssm, vóojth, mojssàh cm shls vh`énj`hs m hutris oiljfmstiëýms, emo `hoh fivhrm`m i momrkâl`ji cis tmlsýms  prhfulcis qum ml`hltrio mspiëh cm mxprmssàh itrivês cis `hltriëýms curichuris m mspisohs  prhfulchs. Mo Krhf (9::;i) „ih oiltmr msti tmlsàh ous`unir `hltïlui phr nhlkhs pmrïhchs cm tmoph, h hrkiljsoh msté `hlsuojlch uoi mlhrom quiltjcicm cm mlmrkji `hltjci m, ih `hlsmkujr sm njvrir cmssis tmlsýms, mstiré sjopnjfj`ilch smu ful`jhliomlth‟ (p.96;). (p.96;). E)  Oòsj`i H ush cm shls ê uoi cis tm`lhnhkjis oijs iltjkis ci auoiljcicm piri mvh`ir mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji. Krhf (9::;i) `jti jlòomrhs cichs iltrhphnðkj`hs mo `hltrjeujëàh i msti tmsm, rmssintilch h ush sjstmoétj`h ci oòsj`i mo uo prhkrioi untriohcmrlh utjnjzich lh Oirynilc Tsy`ajitrj` Umsmir`a @mltmr piri tritiomlth cm smus pi`jmltms. Inêo cm ibucir i i`mssir mohëýms rmprjojcis, i oòsj`i phcm fi`jnjtir i jltmlsjfj`iëàh cm  prh`msshs psj`hnðkj`hs bé ohejnjzichs, inêo cm fivhrm`mr i fnmxjejnjziëàh cis cmfmsis  psj`hnðkj`is, h qumahnhtrðpj`i pmrojtm i supmriëàh hesté`unpiri hesté`unhs hs lhmvh`ir i`msshh ih jl`hls`jmltm.  Li tmripji i oòsj`i êcmutjnjzici oéxjoh cm mohëýms phssïvmjs,

smlch h `njmltm i`hlsmnaich i mltrmkir-sm `hopnmtiomltm ih rjtoh chs shls, smo hfmrm`mr

 

lmlauo tjph cm rmsjstâl`ji, ierjlch-sm piri mxprmssàh cm trmohrms, rjshs, `ahrh hu quinqumr hutri oiljfmstiëàh moh`jhlin, vh`in hu ohthri. @)  Srieinah `hrphrin H trieinah `hrphrin fh`injzich ê usich kmrinomltm piri fivhrm`mr i `hopnmomltiëàh ch trieinah jlj`jich `ho i rmspjriëàh m i oòsj`i. I ohejnjziëàh cm uoi krilcm `irki moh`jhlin curiltm i smssàh phcm, oujtis vmzms, cmjxir tmlsýms rmsjcuijs m mohëýms làh rmshnvjcis qum `irm`mo cm fnujcmz jomcjiti m qum fhrio cjfï`mjs cm smrmo mnjojlicis ih nhlkh ch trieinah, rmqumrmlch, phrtilth, uoi itmlëàh cjrmti, cm fhroi qum mnis phssio smr `hopnmtiomltm mxprmssis m mltàh jltmkricis.  Lh jlï`jh cis smssýms h trieinah `hrphrin ê usich piri fivhrm`mr i iemrturi cm phssïvmjs tmlsýms mx`mssjvis qum phssio mstir prmsmltms mo inkuoi pirtm ch `hrph m qum phcmrjio jopmcjr i `hltjluiëàh ch prh`mssh, `hltuch smu ush ê oijs jltmlsh lh fjlin cis smssýms `ho h hebmtjvh cm jltmkrir mlmrkjis ohejnjzicis. ]o mxmopnh cm prh`mcjomlth ci tmripji ahnhtrðpj`i Mssi iehrcikmo tmripâutj`i tmo pjnirms li phssjejnjcicm cm om`iljsohs iuthrmkunichrms i qum Krhf `aioi cm cm „iuth„iuth-mxpnhriëàh‟, lh prh`mssh cm `uri itrivês cm jlsjkats jlsjkats    prhcuzjchs i pirtjr cm mstichs ahnhtrðpj`hs. Ituinomltm Krhf i cmfjlm `hoh mstritêkji ahnhtrðpj`i cm psj`htmripji, i quin `hlkrmki tê`lj`is cm vérjis iehrcikmls cm psj`hnhkji  prhfulci `hlsjcmrilch tioeêo hs mstuchs sherm is tricjëýms iltjkis m iehrïkjlms qu qumm usivio hs mstichs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji mo prh`mcjomlths cm `uri, shermtuch vinhrjzilch h phcmr rmstiurichr cm cmfmrmltms fhrois cm rmspjriëàh. Krhf prhpým qum i tirmfi ch fi`jnjtichr hu tmripmuti `hlsjsti mo sm fizmr prmsmltm iphjilch h prh`mssh mxpmrml`jin (`hltjlmltm cm prmsmlëi) `ho smkurilëi m i`rmcjtilch jltmjriomltm lh phtml`jin cm `uri jlmrmltm ä pmsshi ch `njmltm qum li mxiti omcjci ci sui lm`mssjcicm (ch `njmltm), firé momrkjr (`hoh (`hoh sm mxmr`mssm i fulëàh cm „ricir jltmrlh‟) `hltmòchs jl`hls`jmltms siturichs cm fhrtm `irki moh`jhlin m ih omsoh tmoph prhlths piri smrmo prh`mssichs. H cjfmrml`jin pirm`m `hl`mltrir-sm li iuthlhoji cmssm phtml`jin cm liturmzi `uritjvi ch  prh`mssh cm iuthiuth-mxpnhriëàh mxpnhriëàh qum jlcj`i uoi rmkâl`ji ci „jltmnjkâl`ji `uritjvi‟ (jlmrmltm ih smr) i`mssici pmnh prðprjh `njmltm. Mssm ohvjomlth jltmrlh ciqumnm qum mxpmrjml`ji i rmspjriëàh cm hrjmltiëàh ahnhtrðpj`i ê iphjich pmnh tmripmuti smo tmltir ohcjfj`é-nh hu cjrm`jhlé-nh, itê  phrqum h prh`mssh rmvmremri m, frmqþmltmomltm, i `uri triuoétj`i m i trilsfhroiëàh ci  pmrshlinjcicm sm `hlshnjcio, mo rmsuntichs qum ms`ipio ihs njojtms mxpnj`itjvhs ci ri`jhlinjcicm m ch jomcjitjsoh cm uoi smssàh. H trieinah `ho mstritêkji ahnhtrðpj`i cm psj`htmripji `hophrti inêo ci rmvmniëàh m injlaiomlth cis cmshrcmls moh`jhlijs m psj`hsshoétj`is, h thqum `urichr lis jlstål`jis  pmrjlitijs m trilspmsshijs, hpmrilch hpmrilch issjo lhs lïvmjs oijs prhfulchs ci psjqum. ]o cich jophrtiltm m mssml`jin li jlcuëàh ch mstich ahnhtrðpj`h cjz rmspmjth ih ush cis oòsj`is mvh`itjvis qumqum ih nhlkh ci smssàh ä suspmlsàh ci itjvjcicm jltmnm`tuin ch `njmltm, ih tmoph mo ful`jhlio `hoh`hlcuzmo uo thtinjzichr ch prh`mssh cm iuth-mxpnhriëàh,

 

ikjlch `hoh fulch i`òstj`h cm rmnmvål`ji moh`jhlin kmsténtj`i sustmltilch m fh`injzilch i jltrhspm`ëàh. I cms`rjëàh ch prh`mcjomlth ci tmripji ahnhtrðpj`i smré fmjti itrivês cm uoi mxpmrjâl`ji vjvjci `ho Ptiljsniv Krhf curiltm uo whrgsahp whrgsahp lh  lh @hlkrmssh cm Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. H trieinah fhj rminjzich mo uo chs oijhrms sinýms ch `hlkrmssh `ho uoi iprmsmltiëàh ierilkmltm ci `irthkrifji iopnjici ci psjqum, hebmtjvilch rmcuzjr is rmsjstâl`jis i pirtjr cm uoi prmpiriëàh `hkljtjvi piri h prh`mssh tmripâutj`h. I smkujr  fhrio cicis is hrjmltiëýms tê`lj`is i`mr`i ch prh`mssh2 fhohs hrjmltichs i  pmroilm`mrohs cmjtichs cm hnahs fm`aichs, `ho itmlëàh fh`ici li rmspjriëàh m li oòsj`i curiltm thch prh`mssh. Fhohs mstjounichs i `hlfjir li siemchrji ch jl`hls`jmltm mvjtilch enhqumir h cmsmlrhnir cis mxpmrjâl`jis qum pucmssmo smr itjvicis. Emo `hoh i rmtjrir quinqumr hebmth qum pucmssm itripinair h prh`mssh (ð`unhs, nmltms cm `hltith, punsmjris, rmnðkjhs mt`.).  Ipmsir ci krilcm quiltjcicm cm tmripmutis mlvhnvjchs lh trieinah, thchs hs qum jio jio „rmspjrir‟ mstivio i`hohcichs mo `hn`ahlmtms m `hltivio `ho uo tmripmuti iuxjnjir, inêo ci supmrvjsàh cm Krhf m cm smus inulhs kricuichs. H trieinah fhj jlj`jich `ho uo rmnixiomlth piri fivhrm`mr i i`hohciëàh ch `hrph lh `hn`ahlmtm m njemrir is tmlsýms jlj`jijs, ipðs inkuls ojluths fhohs `hlvjcichs i oiltmr thci lhssi itmlëàh `mltrici lh prmsmltm. ]oi oòsj`i jltmlsi m vjeriltm  pisshu i chojlir chojlir h i ioejmltm, oejmltm, i oòsj`i mri mxtrmoioml mxtrmoiomltm tm vjeriltm m mstivi mo uoi inturi inêo ch usuin, cm fhroi qum lhs smltïiohs mlvhnvjchs phr mni.  

 Fhohs mstjounichs i pmroilm`mr i`hopilailch i oòsj`i m h rjtoh ci rmspjriëàh. Cmphjs cm uoi ahri lmstm prh`mssh h `hrph mstivi eistiltm mnmtrjzich, m is oòsj`is virjivio, `hltuch oiltjlaio h omsoh rjtoh mnmtrjziltm. Mo oujths ohomlths  suspmlcïiohs i rmspjriëàh, smlch mstjounichs pmnhs tmripmutis i`hopilailtms i oiltmrohs h rjtoh, smkujlch h fnuxh ci oòsj`i.  I omltm pissivi phr intmriëýms krjtiltms, jlj`jinomltm pmr`meïiohs punshs cm `hltriëàh m mxpilsàh mo thch `hrph, i smlsiëàh mri cm mstirohs cmltrh cm uoi ehnai cm sieàh qum shfrji hs mfmjths ci cjnitiëàh m qum rmikji `hltrijlch-sm. Hs mfmjths `irphpmcijs fhrio oïljohs, `hltuch is smlsiëýms m pmr`mpëýms fhrio jltmlsis. Is  smqþâl`jis ch lis`jomlth fhrio itjvicis, mo mspm`jin h prh`mssh cm `hltriëàh m mxpilsàh `hlcuzji-lhs i uoi pmr`mpëàh cm qum mstéviohs mo sjlthlji `ho h rjtoh ch uljvmrsh. I oòsj`i `amkivi ih smu épj`m m `homëhu i cjojlujr h smu rjtoh, mltrilch oòsj`is oijs suivms. I smlsiëàh cm mxpilsàh in`ilëhu h smu phlth `unojliltm m h `ahrh itrmnich i uo ohvjomlth msphltålmh m suivm ci pmnvjs jlcj`ivi uo lis`jomlth,  sð qum làh mri cm uo emeâ m sjo ci tmrri. Hs ohvjomlths `mssirio `hoh uoi cilëi  smlsuin, tjph is cilëis cm i`isiniomlth. ]oi smlsiëàh cm piz m emo em o mstir thohu `hlti ch `hrph/omltm. H tmripmuti i`hopilailtm jltmrfmrju oujth phu`h curiltm h prh`mssh, ipmlis eus`ivi oiltmr i rmspjriëàh lh rjtoh piri kiriltjr i `hltjlujcicm ci mxpmrjâl`ji. @hltuch, mri mxtrmoiomltm i smlsiëàh cm prhtmëàhiihfh`irmo nich. h Kricitjviomltm i oòsj`i fhj`hlfhrtichr cjojlujlchtmr m thchs fhrio `hlvjcichs

iquj-m-ikhri. Krhf mxpnj`hu qum mri `houo fizmr-sm oilcinis ih têrojlh cis

 

vjvâl`jis, ois, `hoh h tmoph mri ms`issh m prm`jséviohs rmpmtjr i mxpmrjâl`ji `ho hs tmripmutis i`hopilailtms, msti itjvjcicm làh smrji rminjzici. I smkujr, iprmsmltirmohs uo smqþâl`ji cm oilcinis rminjzicis phr pi`jmltms qum vjvmrio mxpmrjâl`jis `ho rmspjriëàh ahnhtrðpj`i.

0.5.5. Smripji ci Irtm Srilspmsshin ch Oilcini - Nêh Oiths Shch trieinah qum sm prhphlai i jltmkrir H Pmr Auoilh mo rmniëàh i sj omsoh m ih oulch cmvm prhpj`jir i rminjziëàh ch jlcjvïcuh mo cjrmëàh i fhrois `ici vmz oijs mnmvicis cm `hls`jâl`ji. - Mnjilm Emrthnu``j 

H ahomo qum msté surkjlch lmssm lhvh tmoph làh sm `hltmltiré `ho iqumnm `hlam`jomlth jltmnm`tuin qum smbi jlhpmriltm cmltrh ch hebmtjvh prétj`h cm oucilëi ci sui vjci. Mnm ilsmji phr trilsfhroiëýms qum prhphr`jhlmo uo smltjch lhvh m oijs mnmvich piri sui mxjstâl`ji. Mssm ilmnh msté sjltmtj`iomltm mxpnï`jth lh phmoi "Trm`m ch Zhkujo" cm prhfmsshr cm 03

yhki m ms`rjthr Bhsê Amroðkmlms cm Ilcricm Fjnah  (9:13), lmstis mstrhfms2 "... Mjs-om iquj thchs hs Ivitirms, Ujsajs, Pjccais, Kurus, Oiaitois, Ajmrir`is, Pilths `hlam`jchs m cms`hlam`jchs.... Yumrh iprmlcmr h Iohr qum njemrti.  Iquj msthu, Pmlahr Puprmoh, piri qum om ibucm i vml`mr i frustichri jklhrål`ji7 i ifistir-om chs hphsths hesmciltms7 i rmtjrir i vmlci cm omus hnahs... Bé làh om  sitjsfiz h vunkir `hlam`mr jltmnm`tuin. Yumrh ikhri vjvml`jir i vmrcicm qum njemrti..." (p.33). Hevjiomltm i omtéfhri i "vmrcicm qum njemrti" làh vjré phr vji jltmnm`tuin. H `hlam`jomlth ipmlis jltmnm`tuin (cmstjtuïch cm uoi iëàh vjvml`jin) trilsjti mo lïvmjs supmrfj`jijs m làh ê sufj`jmltm piri hpmrir trilsfhroiëýms kmluïlis m `hlsjstmltms, `hlfhrom sjlinjzio hs trieinahs cm Khnmoil (9:::i, 9:::e). Ê lm`mssérjh jl`ursjhlir li prhfulcjcicm qum sð i prðprji vjvâl`ji pmrojtm. Ê prm`jsh jr äs mltrilais ch lhssh smr, `ioici ipðs `ioici, piri mxpmrml`jir i vmrcicm qum njemrti. H trieinah psj`htmripâutj`h ch Cr. Nêh Oiths tmo `hmrâl`ji `ho is issmrtjvis supri`jticis. Chuthr mo psj`hnhkji pmni ]ljvmrsjcicm cm @hpmlaikmo, hlcm fhj prhfmsshr m  pmsqujsichr, ê prhfmsshr `hlvjcich ci ms`hni cm omcj`jli ch Oêxj`h, mstucjhsh ci `unturi hrjmltin m xioålj`i, mstucjhsh ci Tsj`hnhkji Eucjsti Sjemtili, Nêh Oiths ê uo chs pjhlmjrhs li jltrhcuëàh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lh Erisjn, hlcm ojljstri `urshs cm fhroiëàh mo Tsj`hnhkji m Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin (Pàh Tiunh, Ojlis Kmrijs, Tjiuï, Ujh Krilcm ch Lhrtm m Tmrlioeu`h).

03

 Bhsê Amroðkmlms cm Ilcricm ê uo fiohsh prhfmsshr cm yhki erisjnmjrh, iuthr cm vérjhs njvrhs, cmltrm mnms2

„Zhki piri lmrvhshs‟, „Zhki, `iojlah piri Cmus‟, „Omrkunah li Tiz‟, mt`. mt`.  

 

Mnm tmo rminjzich pmsqujsis sherm shlahs, ohrtm, omcjtiëàh, mstichs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin m irtm ch oilcini, `ho trieinahs puenj`ichs mo rmvjstis `jmltïfj`is ci Pujëi, Puê`ji, Frilëi, Cjlioir`i, Oêxj`h, Ïlcji, Fjlnålcji m Erisjn. @ho uoi iopni mxpmrjâl`ji mo psj`htmripji, sui ituiëàh tmo sjch jlspjrici li  kmstint , lh eucjsoh tjemtilh `hoh fjnhshfji m fhltm cm tê`lj`is mfj`izms piri i trils`mlcâl`ji ci iuthjoikmo m i trilsfhroiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji, smlch sui vjsàh psj`htmripâutj`i jlfnuml`jici pmni `irthkrifji cm Krhf. Tmr`memohs tioeêo mo sui phsturi tmripâutj`i uoi `mrti tmlcâl`ji xioålj`i mo phsj`jhliomlths qum sm issmomnaio äs prhphsjëýms ch C. Buil, 0= cm @istilmci. Vmo iciptilch m `rjilch tê`lj`is tmripâutj`is `ipizms cm ibucir i pmsshi i sm cmsvml`jnair ci rmcm cm "oiyi" qum i oiltêo mstiklici li pmr`mpëàh cuinjsti ci rminjcicm, m nmvé-ni i iopnjir sui `hls`jâl`ji piri hutris rminjcicms inêo cm sj omsoi m ch oulch, prhpj`jilch issjo h smu `rms`jomlth pmsshin m cmsmlvhnvjomlth mspjrjtuin06. ]oi cis fulëýms eésj`is cm quinqumr psj`htmripji ê prhphr`jhlir ä pmsshi uo mstich  psj`hnðkj`h cm emo-mstir `hlsjkh prðprji, `ho hs hutrhs jlcjvïcuhs m `ho h uljvmrsh.  Li lhssi mxpmrjâl`ji mssm mstich cm emo-mstir sð ê mfmtjvh quilch h`hrrm uoi iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji lh smltjch ci oucilëi li fhroi cm iprmmlcmr i rminjcicm. Aé lïvmjs cjvmrshs cm rminjcicm. Lh lïvmn cm rminjcicm mu vmrsus tu, submjth vmrsus hebmth - rminjcicm cuinjsti `irtmsjili - h mstich cm emo-mstir `hlqujstich tmo mfâomri curiëàh, phjs, mfmtjviomltm, làh trilsfhroi i `hls`jâl`ji. M, cmpmlcmlch cis `jr`ulstål`jis mxtmrlis, i  pmsshi tmlcm i rmpmtjr hs omsohs `hophrtiomlths `hophrtiomlths rmsphlsévmjs pmnis `hltmlcis qum nam `iusio oin-mstir. Is psj`htmripjis qum ikmo ipmlis piri i`hohciëàh m iciptiëàh ci pmrshlinjcicm itjlkmo shomltm uo ispm`th ch smr auoilh, lh quin  ‐   `ish aibi jcmltjfj`iëàh  ‐   mnm fj`i iprjsjhlich luoi rmcm cm shfrjomlths rmpmtjtjvhs. Pmlch i pmrshlinjcicm ipmlis uoi fi`mti ch vmrcicmjrh Mu, ê `hoh sm `hlsmkuïssmohs vjsnuoerir shomltm i phltjlai ch j`memrk . Mssis psj`htmripjis vjsio hs ispm`ths fïsj`hs, moh`jhlijs m omltijs, ois lmknjkml`jio i cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin, hu smbi, iqujnh qum rminomltm shohs mo mssâl`ji. Oirkjlinjzici mssi cjomlsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji auoili, i `hlsmqþâl`ji ê fj`irohs luo `ïr`unh vj`jhsh cm picrýms rmpmtjtjvhs, `hlfhroichs, hu jl`hlfhroiciomltm iciptichs m rmsjklichs `hoh omrhs iljoijs lh `jr`ujth mstïounh-rmsphsti. @hlfhrom phltui Viukail (9::;), i Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin làh sm `hl`mltri mx`nusjviomltm li rmshnuëàh cm prhenmois „pmr sm‟, ois sm mstmlcm äs érmis oijs prhfulcis ch jlcjvïcuh vjsilch i jltmkriëàh chs ispm`ths fïsj`hs, moh`jhlijs, omltijs m mspjrjtuijs ch smu  emo-mstir. "Li tmripji trilspmsshin, i `hls`jâl`ji làh sð ê h jlstruomlth ci oucilëi `hoh tioeêo ê h smu hebmtjvh. H trieinah cmstjli-sm tilth i oucilëi ch `hophrtiomlth m ch `hltmòch ci `hls`jâl`ji quilth ih cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci pmr`mpëàh ci prðprji `hls`jâl`ji mlquilth `hltmxth ci mxpmrjâl`ji". (jejc, p.9=6).

0=

 C. Buil fhj uo fiohsh xioà omxj`ilh qum kujhu hs pisshs ch iltrhpðnhkh @irnhs @istilmci  Vjcm i tê`lj`i ch shlah `itértj`h cjurlh m i tê`lj`i cm ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth ch mkh, lh @ip. V, lmstm

06

njvrh.

 

  Ê `iri`tmrïstj`i pm`unjir ch trieinah psj`htmripâutj`h cm Nêh Oiths h mlfhqum ci cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh ci iuth-joikmo, fivhrm`mlch h cmsipmkh ci omsoi itrivês ci `hls`jmltjziëàh ci trilsjthrjmcicm ci vjci. Pmo i `hls`jmltjziëàh cmssi rminjcicm m ch `hoprhojssh cm jltmkréni ih Shch Jlcjvjsïvmn, is tê`lj`is qum nmvio i mstichs mnmvichs cm `hls`jâl`ji phcmràh ituir ipmlis piri jlfnir h mkh ih jlvês cm rminomltm trilsfhroir h jlcjvïcuh. Piemohs qum is crhkis  psj`hitjvis tioeêo tâo i prhprjmcicm cm intmrir i `hls`jâl`ji, ois lmo smoprm mnmvio i `hls`jâl`ji luo smltjch ci trilsfhroiëàh. @hoh ifjroi Emrthnu``j (9::9), "h mkh sm mlvhnvm mo om`iljsohs cm thci mspê`jm, piri cjsfirëir, ml`herjr, ohcjfj`ir i rhupikmo cis mohëýms... Lici cjssh cjz rmspmjth, `hltuch, i vmrcicmjri trilsfhroiëàh" (p.;3). ]oi Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin nmkïtjoi làh sm rmstrjlkm ipmlis i jcmltjfj`iëàh, mxprmssàh m `itirsm cis mohëýms, ois jl`nuj, shermtuch, i `hls`jmltjziëàh ci lm`mssjcicm cm trils`mlcmr is ioirris mkðj`is m mstjounir h `njmltm i cmsmlvhnvmr smltjomlths m itjtucms cm `irétmr trilspmsshin m smltjch uljvmrsin. Thjs quilth oijs jcmltjfj`ici mstjvmr i pmsshi `ho suis mohëýms, `ho sui iuth-joikmo, oijs sm thrli cjfï`jn trils`mlcmr vmrcicmjriomltm sui jcmltjcicm mkðj`i. Trm`jsiohs, phrtilth, tmripmutis m `njmltms, mstir inmrtis piri is iroicjnais cmssm mkh mspmrth m shrritmjriomltm istuth, sm qujsmrohs rminomltm itjlkjr hs oijs prhfulchs hebmtjvhs ci psj`htmripji trilspmsshin. Pmlch issjo, i jophrtål`ji oijhr lh `hltmxth vjvml`jin cmltrh ch prh`mssh psj`htmrépj`h trilspmsshin ê i cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh chs `hltmòchs moh`jhlijs qum sàh prhcuths pmrtjlmltms ä iuth-joikmo, äs rmprmsmltiëýms psïquj`is m ihs jcmijs ch mkh. Nêh Oiths (9::1) `hnh`i qum aé vérjis ohcinjcicms cm ituiëàh cmltrh ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, mxpnj`jtilch mssi virjmcicm mo quitrh lïvmjs2 9.  I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin I`icâoj`i Mssi prétj`i `hrrmsphlcm ipmlis ih lïvmn jltmnm`tuin, phjs ê mfmtuici itrivês cm nmjturis, cmeitms m prhcuëýms jltmnm`tuijs, m ê `houomltm pritj`ici lis ]ljvmrsjcicms. 5.  I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin cm I`hlsmnaiomlth Pmkulch Nêh Oiths, msti tioeêo ê mxmr`jci luo lïvmn jltmnm`tuin itrivês ch iphjh vmrein ä ms`uti chs prhenmois m cjfj`uncicms ci pmsshi, i`hlsmnailch-i m hrjmltilch-i i ikjr cm cmtmrojlicis oilmjris, i eus`ir jlfhroiëýms mo nmjturis hu fhrois cm omcjtiëàh, mt`. 0.  I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin cm Mxmr`ï`jh Mstm ê h lïvmn mo qum h tmripmuti ipnj`i uoi virjmcicm cm mxmr`ï`jhs piri h `njmltm, `hoh phr mxmopnh2 uoi bhrlici cm filtisji, cmsmlah ch oilcini, uo tjph cm rmspjriëàh, uoi omcjtiëàh, mt`., lh smltjch cm fivhrm`â-nh i itjlkjr uo mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji intmrich mo cjrmëàh ih trilspmsshin. Lmstm lïvmn tioeêo sm utjnjzi i`hlsmnaiomlth m trieinai-sm fh`ilch h ispm`th jltmnm`tuin cm hrkiljziëàh omthchnðkj`i. 3.  I Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin Mxjstml`jin Mstm lïvmn jl`nuj hs trâs lïvmjs iltmrjhrms, ois vij inêo mo cjrmëàh i uo mstékjh oijs  prhfulch hlcm ê jl`nuïch tioeêo h `hrph m i omltm luoi thtinjcicm ch smr mo thcis is suis cjomlsýms. Ê quinjfj`ich phr Oiths "Smripji ch @hn`aàh", jsth phr phrqum qum h pi`jmltm cmjti-sm luo `hn`aàh li frmltm ch tmripmuti qum nam sukmrm fm`air hs hnahs, rmnixir m mltrir mo `hltith `ho iqumni smlsiëàh hu smltjomlth qum h ifnjkm m qum h `hlcuzjré ihs `hltmòchs jl`hls`jmltms cm  kmstints iemrtis  kmstints  iemrtis mo quijsqumr cis suis cjomlsýms. Lmstm `hltmxth ê usici i tê`lj`i ch "Phlah @itértj`h smlch uoi cis prétj`is oijsm utjnjzicis phr Oiths (9::0).phcmohs ritjfj`ir i MoCjurlh", lhssi mxpmrjâl`ji `hoh `njmltms tioeêo `hoh tmripmutis

mfj`é`ji cmstm quirth lïvmn qum pmrojtm h cmsenhqumjh ch jl`hls`jmltm, fi`jnjtilch h i`mssh äs

 

suis `ioicis oijs prhfulcis qum pmrtml`mo ihs lïvmjs psj`hcjlåoj`h, pmrjlitin (vjci jltriutmrjli) m trilspmsshin (omoðrjis cm vjcis pissicis hu mxpmrjâl`jis il`mstrijs qum mxtriphnio `hlsjcmriëýms mspiëh-tmophrijs). H prh`mssh fjlin ê i oucilëi cm pmr`mpëàh ch `njmltm qum h nmvi i ieilchlir `hophrtiomlths emnjkmriltms, `hlfnjths `hlsjkh omsoh m `ho hs hutrhs,  pissilch i icqujrjr itjtucms `hhpmritjvis m `hopissjvis, vinhrms lhvhs m mnmvichs luoi thtin trilsfhroiëàh ci sui `hls`jâl`ji. Hutrh vmï`unh usuinomltm ichtich lh smu mstjnh psj`htmrépj`h ê h cmsmlah ch oilcini, `hoh uo rm`ursh tmripâutj`h m iuthtmripâutj`h. I pirtjr chs smus mstuchs `ho Bhil Gmnnhk 0;  m ch smu `hltith `ho vérjis `unturis, mspm`jinomltm i `unturi tjemtili, Oiths cmsmlvhnvmu  pmsqujsis m `rjhu uoi jltmrprmtiëàh prðprji ch cmsmlah ch oilcini. @hoh mnm omsoh cmfjlm2 cm fjlm2 "h oilcini ê uo rm`ursh tmripâutj`h m iuthtmripâutj`h qum pmrojtm i pmsshi, làh ipmlis fm`air suis  kmstints  kmstints iemrtis  iemrtis - lhs lïvmjs psj`hcjlåoj`hs, pmrljlitijs m trilspmsshijs - `hoh tioeêo jlcj`ir `ho prm`jsàh h mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji mo qum mni sm ml`hltri." (Oiths, 9::1) Pmlch issjo, h oilcini ful`jhli `hoh uoi mfj`jmltm eòsshni jlcj`ilch i rhti ch jl`hls`jmltm piri qum tiripmuti m `njmltm phssio sm hrjmltir `ho oijhr prheiejnjcicm cm ml`hltrir h omnahr `iojlah piri ioehs ruoh ih prh`mssh cm `uri. Oiths (ojomh) cjstjlkum quitrh cjfmrmltms mstékjhs lh prh`mssh tmripâutj`h2 `nirjfj`iëàh, cmscrioitjziëàh, rmsphlsiejnjziëàh m trieinah. @ici uo cmssms mstékjhs smré mxmopnjfj`ich `ho uo frikomlth cm `ish `nïlj`h. I)  @nirjfj`iëàh2 lmstm mstékjh h prhenmoi ch `njmltm smré mxphsth m mxpnj`jtich cm fhroi tin qum sm thrlm `nirh tilth piri h prðprjh `njmltm `hoh piri h tmripmuti. Mx2 Ti`jmltm `amki ä tmripji `ho qumjxis cjvmrsis2 prhenmois cm rmni`jhliomlth, ilsjmcicm jltmlsi, `hopunsàh ih én`hhn, smxh jrrmsphlsévmn, cjfj`uncicm cm `hl`mltriëàh, njojtiëýms lis suis prhcuëýms prhfjssjhlijs, chrms cm `iemëi frmqþmltms, léusmis m vóojths. Lh mltilth, thch h cjs`ursh ch pi`jmltm kjri mo thrlh ci cjfj`uncicm mo `hl`nujr sui cjssmrtiëàh cm omstrich. Mstm phlth rmvmnhu-sm lmvrénkj`h, bé qum krilcm  pirtm ci sjlthoithnhkji mstivi issh`jici i tin sjtuiëàh, smlch ms`hnajch, phrtilth, `hoh fh`h jlj`jin ch trieinah mxpnj`jtich i smkujr. E)  Cmscrioitjziëàh2 lmssm mstékjh h tmripmuti ibuci h `njmltm i cmscrioitjzir hs  prhenmois, hu smbi, cmsojstjfj`ir h crioi, thrlilch-h uo omnhcrioi. Mssi itjtucm ch tmripmuti `hltrjeuj piri qum h `njmltm `hom`m i cmsiroir c msiroir suis cmfmsis, fi`jnjtilch i mtipi smkujltm. Mx2 Yuilch `homëivi i finir sherm hs ohtjvhs qum h jopmcjio cm `hl`nujr sui tmsm, h pi`jmltm ohstrivi krilcm omch ch fri`issh, cm smr rjcj`unirjzich, cm làh `hlsmkujr fizmr uoi ehi prhcuëàh. Sijs pmlsiomlths m smltjomlths mstivio `hltricjtðrjhs `ho is  prê-ivinjiëýms rminjzicis pmnhs hrjmltichrms qum `hlsjcmrivio i tmsm oujth ehi. Jsth fhj `nirjfj`ich piri h `njmltm. H tmripmuti iquj prh`urhu tjrir h pmsh ch crioi `ho itjtucm mlfétj`i m nòcj`i li tmltitjvi cm qumerir i jcmltjfj`iëàh ch `njmltm `ho i iuth-joikmo lmkitjvi cm omstrilch fri`issich, nmvilch-h i icojtjr hutris phssjejnjcicms mxjstml`jijs. 0;

 Bhil Gmnnhk êlhs psj`ðnhki tmripmuti irtïstj`iqum iomrj`ili, qum li cê`ici cm msphltilmiomltm. smtmlti usilch tmripji `ho pi`jmltms Mstichs m]ljchs cms`herju mnms prhcuzjio p rhcuzjio oilcinis msphltilmio mltm. Ipðsirtïstj`i ilhs cm  pmsqujsis mni mni cmsmlvhnvmu h tmstm tmstm ch oilcini qum sm rmvmnhu cm jophrtiltm jophrtiltm vinhr lh tritiomlth cm pi`jmltms pi`jmltms

 psjqujétrj`hs.. Tiri oijhrms cmtinams vmr @ip. V, jtmo =.99. lmstm njvrh)  psjqujétrj`hs

 

  @)  Umsphlsiejnjziëàh2 lmssm mstékjh h tmripmuti ikm bulth ih `njmltm lh smltjch cm iuxjnjé-nh i issuojr rmsphlsiejnjcicms pmnh qum nam msté i`hltm`mlch, hu smbi, rmsphlsiejnjzir-sm pmnhs smus prhenmois ituijs. Yuilch i pmsshi làh issuom rmsphlsiejnjcicm phr iqujnh qum msté i`hltm`mlch, mni `hltjlui cjrmti hu jlcjrmtiomltm i`usilch hs hutrhs pmnhs smus `hlfnjths m oin-mstirms. Issjo, mni  prhssmkum `ho suis qu qumjxis, mjxis, mspmrilch qum hs hutrhs m i sjtuiëàh oucmo smo qum mni prðprji prhohvi mssi trilsfhroiëàh mspmrici. Mx2 H tmripmuti phcm usir frisms ch tjph2 H qum vh`â qumr fizmr i pirtjr cm ikhri8 @hoh vh`â prmtmlcm ikjr piri omnahrir jssh8 C)  Srieinah Mxpmrjml`jin2 iquj sm fh`injzi h trieinah mxpmrjml`jin piri rmshnvmr hs  prhenmois hu h prhenmoi. Lmssm mstékjh tmo nukir h prh`mssh cm rmshnuëàh cm  prhenmois itrivês chs rm`urshs tê`lj`hs utjnjzichs lh ipprhi`a ipprhi`a   trilspmsshin,  prjl`jpinomltm h ch trieinah mxpmrjml`jin mxpmrjml`jin prhfulch lh `hn`aàh. Mx2 Sê`lj`i cm Phlah @itértj`h Cjurlh, hlcm h pi`jmltm, pirtjlch ch joikjlérjh  phcm i`mssir uoi `mli cmfnikrichri cm sui jophssjejnjcicm cm `hl`nujr h smu trieinah. I joikmo ch phlth cm pirtjci rmssintivi qum, thcis is vmzms qum h `njmltm tmltivi ms`rmvmr, `homëivio is léusmis m hs vóojths, herjkilch-h i pirir. Msti `mli h nmvhu i omoðrjis triuoétj`is ci jlfål`ji, ci vjci jltri-utmrjli m cm vjcis pissicis, `unojlilch luo  prh`mssh cm ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h ch mkh. I tmripji, `hlcuzjci phr Mnjêkm Erilcàh, lh smu trils`hrrmr, prhohvmu i `uri chs sjlthois qum h enhqumivio m, fjlinomltm, i `hl`nusàh cm sui cjssmrtiëàh `ho erjnailtjsoh, njemrtilch-h tioeêo ci iuthpjmcicm qum h jopunsjhlivi i `hopunsàh ih én`hhn m ih smxh jrrmsphlsévmn. I smkujr iprmsmltirmohs uo pmqumlh tmxth mniehrich phr mstm pi`jmltm piri smr jl`nuïch lmstm njvrh. „Smlah 34 ilhs, shu prhfmsshr m Uupmrt ê h "amtmróljoh" qum ms`hnah piri iprmsmltir-om. H ohtjvh prjohrcjin, iqumnm qum momrkm mo prjomjrh nukir, ih omlhs li hrcmo cm vinhrms pissichs, fhj i jophssjejnjcicm rmkjstrici phr ojo li `hl`nusàh cm uo trieinah7 trieinah mstm, ih quin tjlai cmcj`ich quism trâs ilhs cm c m prmpiriëàh.  Mo sïltmsm, i cjfj`uncicm cm `hnh`ir lh pipmn ojlais jcêjis, cm `hl`mltrir-om m hrcmlir omus pmlsiomlths2 omch cm ms`rmvmr fhj  fulciomlth ci ojlai prh`uri phr uoi tmripji qum om iuxjnjissm i trilsfhroir mssi pirinjsji qum om iti`ivi m om prhphr`jhlissm uoi phltm mltrm h mxtmrjhr m ojlai jltmrjhrjcicm.  Tiri uo prhfmsshr uljvmrsjtérjh mo irtms, h têrojlh cm uoi cjssmrtiëàh hu tmsm ê rjth cm pissikmo. Oijs qum uo mxmr`ï`jh cm iprmlcjzikmo m prh`uri cm jkuinjtérji rmspmjtiejnjcicm mltrm smus pirms, h mvmlth sjlinjzi hutrhs sjkljfj`ichs, iphlti hutris jlfhroiëýms m `hltmòchs, hlcm ilkòstjis m ilsjmcicms, pirinjsjis m omch cm  prhssmkujr sàh ïlcj`ms cm hutrh tjph cm `hlam`jomlth2 rmvmniëàh. rmvmniëàh.

 

 Cm fith, h ml`hltrh `ho i trilspmsshin i`hltm`mu cm oilmjri "`isuin".  Cms`hlam`mlch i Srilspmsshin m sui ajstðrji, fuj itriïch i mni, pmnh rmnith cm uoi oàm cm uoi cis ojlais inulis ci uljvmrsjcicm7 cm rmpmltm lh cmphjomlth sherm i ituiëàh cmssi tmripji sherm sui pmsshi mstiemnm`mu-sm mo ojo uo jltmrmssm mo  prh`urir mxpmrjomltir mssi iehrcikmo. @hlfmssh qum mu `hoprmmlcj, mo `mrth  smltjch h qum prmssmltj lmstm rmnith "`iusin" fhj i prhfulci cjfmrmlëi mltrm i trilspmsshin m hutris tmripjis7 cmssis tmripjis iltmrjhrms mu tjlai siïch "fhrtm", ml`huriëich, `ipiz cm nmr h `iojlah fmjth, smo lh mltilth iecj`ir cm ojo, cm mltmlcmr-om `hoh pirtj`jpiltm cm uoi thtinjcicm. Piji cmnis, jl`ipiz cm pmrchirom vmrcicmjriomltm. Làh auoiljzivi ojlai `unpi, làh mstiemnm`ji phssjejnjcicms äs phssïvmjs oés`iris m pmrshlikmls qum fhroivio ojlai vjci jltmrjhr. Tmlsh ahbm qum phr trés cm tuch mxjstm h tmrrïvmn omch ch shfrjomlth m ci chr m ch c h pmrcmr. @rmjh qum mu prh`urivi mltmlcmr h rjth cm cjsshnuëàh qum sm iprmsmltivi lmssms mstichs.  Lhssi `unturi lhs mlsjli qum i fmnj`jcicm m h emo-mstir ê `hrrmr piri emo nhlkm cmssis mxpmrjâl`jis, phjs ê issjo qum ikhri is mlul`jh. Pmj ahbm, qum mstir  pi`jfj`ich ê cm fith i`amkir-sm i mssis mxpmrjâl`jis m làh lmké-nis. Omch, chr,  pmrcis sàh prhcuths lhsshs, ois iltms cm sâ-nh sàh jnusýms qum cmvmo smr i`mjtis m i`irjlaicis `ho thci lhssi `hopijxàh7 shohs lðs lmkilch i mxjstâl`ji ch lmeunhsh m ms`urh ci vjci.  I rmvmniëàh qum vmo itrivês cmssi i`mjtiëàh2 ê qum sm shfrm sjo, shfrmohs thchs, thch s, ois, h shfrjomlth ê cjfmrmltm, smlch phssïvmn mcu`iroh-lhs lh smltjch cm jltmkrirohs i chr m h shfrmr `hoh h hutrh nich ch emo, uoi hutri oilmjri cm th`irohs i vmrcicm. Ä omcjci qum lhs cmjxiohs m i`mjtiohs JPPH, bé ê uo eho `homëh, lmnm i shnjcàh ê `hopilaji, phjs qum ê jltrilsfmrïvmn mstm `hoprmmlcmr. H `hrph sm ohvm `ho oijs `hlfhrth m `hlfjiejnjcicm aiejnjtich qum fhj pmnis vjikmls m vjvâl`jis rmkrmssjvis.  Aé rm`mjhs, sjo... tmohrms, vmrkhlais, cmsmbhs... iqujnh qum pmrtml`m i msfmri ch auoilh, ih `j`nh cm lhssi `unturi. Thrêo h qum ê pmroilmltm ê i `mrtmzi ci  pissikmo, ch làh pmroilm`mr. Piemr cjssh ê mstir prhlth piri rm`hlam`mr-sm qum làh sm msté.  Uupmrt, lhom qum cmsvmnmj cm uoi cis ojlais vjcis pissicis. Liqumni vjci ohrrj cm uoi oilmjri chnhrhsi m jl`hls`jmltm, phsth qum làh `hlsmkuji `houlj`ir omus smltjomlths i hutrmo. @rmjh smr mstm h smltjch ituin ci ojlai vjci, @houlj`ir m Ioir2 `houlj`ir h  Iohr". (irqujvhs chs iuthrms)

0.5.0. Smripji Umkrmssjvi Jltmkrin - Uhkmr [hhnkmr H jophrtiltm piri uo tmripmuti làh ê i vmrcicm njtmrin cm uoi ajstðrji, m sjo, sui vmrcicm psj`hnðkj`i. - [hhnkmr, 9:11, p. ;4

@hoh thch psj`htmripmuti qum ieriëi i iehrcikmo trilspmssshin, [hhnkmr trieinai `ho

mstichs jl`houls cm `hls`jâl`ji, itjlkjlch cjvmrshs lïvmjs ci psjqum, smomnailtms ihs

 

cjcitj`iomltm iprmsmltichs phr Krhf mo sui `irthkrifji, phrêo iopnjichs luo oipmiomlth  prðprjh. Msti mxpilsàh sm cmvm i jlfnuâl`ji cm sui fhroiëàh bulkujili iltmrjhr m ihs smus `hlam`jomlths mo rmnjkjàh `hopirici, prjl`jpinomltm ch Vmcilti m ch Eucjsoh Sjemtilh. Hebmtjvi tioeêo, `niriomltm, i trilsfhroiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji, itrivês ci cjsshnuëàh ch `hlfnjth m sui cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh, m h `hltith `ho h @mltrh ]ljfj`ichr (Pmnf  ( Pmnf ). ). Mltrmtilth, sui  pm`unjirjcicm eésj`i ê qum `hlfmrm mlfhqum rmkrmssjvh `ho âlfism lh lïvmn trilspmsshin , jsth ê, fh`injzi hs fmlóomlhs ch jl`hls`jmltm qum vàh inêo ci jcmltjcicm cmsti rminjcicm hrcjlérji (lhom, pipêjs qum cmsmopmlai li vjci, jcicm, smxh, sjtuiëàh sh`jin, mt`.) trils`mlcmlch tmophmspiëh-jcmltjcicm mkðj`i. @hoh msté mxpnj`jtich lh smu njvrh, inêo ch pnilh cm vjcis pissicis, smu trieinah sm cé lhs pnilhs2 ejhkréfj`h, mxjstml`jin, pmrjlitin (vjvâl`jis rmnitjvis ih lis`jomlth cmsti hu cm hutris vjcis), shoétj`h m irqumtïpj`h/mspjrjtuin. Uhkmr [hhnkmr jl`nuj h `hl`mjth „mspjrjtuin‟  bulth `ho „irqumtïpj`h phrqum irquêtjph pmrcmu smu smltjch hrjkjlin li psj`hnhkji ahbm, smkulch mnm, shfrmlch uoi cmkmlmriëàh hu `hrrupëàh lh smltjch shomltm cm „joikmo mssml`jin‟ hu „oïtj`i‟. Hs fmlóomlhs trilspmsshijs nirkiomltm pmsqujsichs 01 jl`numo rmkjstrhs psïquj`hs `hoh is rmprmsmltiëýms psj`hnðkj`is cm vjcis prmtêrjtis ch `njmltm hu ci ajstðrji ci auoiljcicm, cis riëis, ci kâlmsm ch uljvmrsh, hu omsoh ci prðprji `hls`jâl`ji `rjichri, "rmkjstrh igésaj`h"  piri is tricjëýms hrjmltijs, oijs phpuniromltm `hlam`jch `hoh h Jl`hls`jmltm @hnmtjvh cm Bulk, `ho thci kioi cm oitmrjin irqumtïpj`h amrcich. Pherm tijs rmkjstrhs [hhnkmr (9:11) rm`homlci h Njvrh Sjemtilh chs Ohrths, h quin nam smrvm cm eism piri sui tmhrji m tê`lj`i, `hl`hrcilch `ho h Nioi Ilikirjgi Khvjlci 0:  qum mstichs cm `hl`mltriëàh phcmo nmvir ä omoðrji sue`hls`jmltm, cmphsjtérji ciqumnis rmprmsmltiëýms cms`rjtis i`joi. H `rjichr ch ohcmnh cm psj`htmripji mxphsth iquj rmssinti, mo smu njvrh m li sui prétj`i prhfjssjhlin, i omcjtiëàh `hoh omjh mfj`iz piri fhrlm`mr i mstm i`mssh. Mnm ieriëi i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hoh uo chs prjl`ïpjhs cms`hemrths phr Bulk, phr msti nam pmrojtjr oijhr njemrcicm, phr ierilkmr i siemchrji cis tricjëýms oïstj`is iltjkis m is sïltmsms cis psj`hnhkjis h`jcmltijs. I Smripji Umkrmssjvi Jltmkrin ê `hoh mnm cmlhojli sui iehrcikmo, mstm lhom tioeêo jlcj`i i sui prhphsti cm vjsàh ch thch lh prh`mssh, hu smbi, ch ahomo `hoh Pmr jltmkrin, itmltilch piri h ispm`th ountjljvmnich ci psjqum, qum smkulch Krhf (9:11), phssuj uo picràh ahnhkréfj`h. H jltmrmssm cm [hhnkmr mo smu trieinah làh msté mo prhvir uoi tmhrji rmml`irli`jhljsti hu prhpikir uoi chutrjli qum i ml`mrrm. Mnm sinjmlti qum jlfhroi i smus `njmltms qum i `rmlëi cmnms li rmml`irliëàh ê jlcjfmrmltm piri i mfj`é`ji cm sui iehrcikmo psj`htmripâutj`i, qum mlfh`i vjcis pissicis. Mltrmtilth, fiz-sm ojstmr qum i`rmcjtmo lh phcmr ci omltm jl`hls`jmltm mo fivhr ci `uri ([hhnkmr, hp.`jt., p. 69). I eus`i piri utjnjzir mstm phtml`jin jltmrjhr ê vjsti li ajstðrji cm jlòomrhs prhfjssjhlijs m iehrcikmls.

01 0: Vmr

ejenjhkrifji jlcj`ici ih fjlin njvrh. `hlvmrtjch ih eucjso  H Nioi Ilikrjgi Khvjlci, mstucjcmstm mstucjhsh hsh inmoàh eucjsoh, h, fmz h "Trmfé`jh Jltrhcutðrjh"ch

Njvrh Sjemtilh chs Ohrths, mo sui tricuëàh piri h H`jcmltm phr [.Z. Mvils [mltz (9:64). Mstm njvrh tioeêo fhj prmfi`jich phr Bulk, cich i sui jophrtål`ji piri i sui psj`hnhkji.

 

Tiri i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin fhj oir`iltm i `rjiëàh phr Bulk ch oêthch ci joikjliëàh itjvi34  qum prhphr`jhli uoi jltmriëàh `ho h jl`hls`jmltm m qum jlfnuml`jhu  psj`htmripmutis `hoh Nêh Oiths m Uhkmr [hhnkmr, qum h ohcjfj`irio mo sui prétj`i. H hebmtjvh ch oêthch bulkujilh ê pmrojtjr qum i joikmo vmlai ä thli `ho sui prðprji mlmrkji  psïquj`i iutólhoi, mxmr`jtilch uo mkh lmutrh/hesmrvichr smomnailtm ih mkh hlïrj`h. Mstm, mo vjkïnji, ê ml`hribich i mlfrmltir i sjtuiëàh hlïrj`i ci fhroi oijs cjrmti phssïvmn, i làh fukjr m i  pmrojtjr qum mohëýms cmsikricévmjs smbio smbio mxprmssis `hoh luo cjénhkh. H trieinah cm [hhnkmr phssjejnjti mssm mlfrmltir mo lïvmn cm krilcm `itirsm, `hoh tioeêo mstjouni h jlcjvïcuh i tmr, itrivês ci filtisji, i hphrtuljcicm cm fm`air sjtuiëýms jli`ieicis, jl`nusjvm rminjzilch shlahs, jcmijs, vjtðrjis, siïcis cm sjtuiëýms cm pmrjkh mt`, rmskitilch smu phcmr jltmrjhr. Lmssm ispm`th, issmomnai-sm ih trieinah cm Oiths, phrêo cjstjlkum-sm phr mlfitjzir i vjvâl`ji cm mvmlths pissichs hu joikjlérjhs itrivês ci `hls`jâl`ji `hrphrin m ci rmkrmssàh psj`hcrioétj`i. Oiths mlfitjzi h smkujr icjiltm i pirtjr ch `hltmòch momrkmltm li vjvâl`ji, trieinailch tioeêo `ho is filtisjis sherm h futurh piri `hltitir i ohrtm cis jcmltjfj`iëýms mkðj`is m h `hlsmqþmltm rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h. [hhnkmr ririomltm utjnjzi tê`lj`i ajplðtj`i tricj`jhlin mspm`ïfj`i cm rmkrmssàh li tmripji cm vjcis pissicis, phr `rmr smr vjévmn nmvir hs `njmltms i uo trilsm tricj`jhlin ohcmrich ipmlis itmltilch piri pinivris, frisms hu joikmls jltmrlis qum pirm`mo sjkljfj`itjvis, cm fhrtm `irki mlmrkêtj`i, smkulch is qumjxis m i sjlthoithnhkji. Mnm pmr`mem `hoh smlch uoi qumstàh cm "mstjnh pmsshin" i fhroi cm i`mssir h jl`hls`jmltm. Nmoeri Ohrmlh, pij ch psj`hcrioi, qum tioeêo mlfitjzivi h trilsm piri i `uri smo lul`i tmr usich lici qum nmoerissm ajplhsm tricj`jhlin (hp. `jt, p. 6;). [hhnkmr prh`uri i "ajstðrji phr trés ci ajstðrji", prjl`jpinomltm quilch pmr`mem qum h shfrjomlth ê cmsprhphr`jhlin ih fith qum ipirmltmomltm h h`isjhli. I jsth `iem emo h qum Bulk hesmrvhu2 "h shfrjomlth lmurðtj`h ê uo shfrjomlth jliutâltj`h" ([hhnkmr, hp.`jt., p.;4), li omcjci mo qum ms`hlcm i vmrcicmjri chr itrivês cm oiljfmstiëýms mxprmsshs mo „bhkhs‟ lhs quijs i pmsshi pirm`m oiltâ-ni (ohncms lmurðtj`hs). Issjo smlch, h hebmtjvh cm `hltitir i ajstðrji cm vjci pissici ê thrlir i `hlm`tir h shfrjomlth lmurðtj`h äs suis riïzms psïquj`is, fivhrm`mlch h `njmltm li cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh cis sjtuiëýms ituijs äs quijs, li rminjcicm, h shfrjomlth lmurðtj`h làh pmrtml`m. Trhohvm-sm, issjo, i njemriëàh ch shfrjomlth m `hlsmqþmltm `uri ci omoðrji triuoétj`i. Shoiohs `hoh mxmopnh h `ish cm Mnjziemta, `jtich mo [hhnkmr (hp.`jt.,p.61), qum vjvml`jivi uoi prhfulci ilsjmcicm rmni`jhlici i trâs kiths qum mni `ujcivi mo `isi. Pmltji-sm jophssjejnjtici cm cmjxé-nhs phr oujth tmoph m jssh itripinaivi sui vjci lh qum sm rmfmrji i vjikmls, fêrjis, mlfjo, i iusmltir-sm. Li sui ajstðrji bé aivji rmkjstrh cm inkuois pmrcis cmsistrhsis cm iljoijs, m mni `hlfjkurivi uoi `mrtmzi mo sui omltm mstruturilch-sm mo picrýms cm pmlsiomlth2 "Làh phssh cmjxé-nhs, phrqum inkh vij nams i`hltm`mr" m oijs, "Ê tuch `unpi ojlai, làh om cmcj`h i mnms h eistiltm". Pmu jl`hls`jmltm, ih smr mstjounich, cmu ih tmripmuti, h prðprjh [hhnkmr, i ajstðrji cm uoi ounamr qum ohrivi, tinvmz lh lhrtm ci Ms`ð`ji, `ho smu oirjch m chjs fjnahs pmqumlhs cm trâs m quitrh ilhs. Làh qumrji tmr fjnahs phr làh khstir cm `ujcir cmnms. Cmphjs cm uois erjkis

34

 Aé vérjhs oêthchs oujth smomnailtms i joikjliëàh itjvi , phr mxmopnh2 i tê`lj`i ch shlah cmspmrth  phpunir li Murhpi lhs ilhs 54. Vmr Oiry [itgjls‟(9:;6) [itgjls‟(9:;6) mo „[igjlk „[igjlk Crmio‟.  Crmio‟. 

 

 phr `iusi cjssh, cmjxi h oirjch né fhri mo omjh i uoi tmopmsticm `ho is `rjilëis, pmlsilch "Làh vhu cmjxé-nhs mltrir. Mnm qum `ujcm cmnms, bé qum h fiz tàh emo". e mo". I tmopmsticm pjhrhu, m ahuvm uo tmoph cm sjnâl`jh. Cmphjs vhntirio i eitmr. Um`hlam`m qum ê smu omljljlah, ois omsoh issjo làh qumr cir h eriëh i thr`mr. "Vhu ohstrir i mnms". I ounamr pirm`m làh sm cir `hlti cis phssïvmjs `hlsmqþâl`jis i qum smus iths cm ejrri  phcmo Tmni nmvir.oilaà, i tmopmsticm aivji `mssich m pmlsi qum cmvmo tmr pissich i lhjtm li  phusici. Tmr`mem qum i phrti làh qumr ierjr, nmoeri qum phcmo phc mo smr is `rjilëis enhqumilch-i. I omljljlai msté ohrti m h omljlh jl`hls`jmltm ohrrm phu`is ahris cmphjs. H oirjch, mni làh ml`hltri mo pirtm inkuoi, sð cmphjs siem qum mnm aivji `hnh`ich is `rjilëis luo `irrjlah-cmoàh piri jr ä ahspmcirji, ois tmvm uo `hnipsh m i`iehu ohrrmlch cm uo itiqum `ircïi`h. Is `rjilëis tjlaio vhntich piri `isi piri `hltir ä oàm m mni làh nams ierjri i phrti. "Ê tuch `unpi ojlai!" krjtivi, ihs shnuëhs, li vjvâl`ji. Li vmrkhlai m lh rmohrsh, i ounamr làh cjssmri lici ihs vjzjlahs, rmsphlsiejnjzilch h oirjch pmni trikêcji. I `unpi i `hrrhmu pmni sui vjci jltmjri m ohrrmu `ho h pmlsiomlth2 "Làh `hlfjh mo ojo piri `ujcir cm ljlkuêo". Msti ajstðrji mstivi mltàh phr trés ch omch cm cmjxir hs kiths. I `itirsm m i `hoprmmlsàh i njemrtirio, m mni `hlsmkuju nhkh mo smkujci khzir cuis smoilis cm fêrjis, cmjxilch i injomltiëàh cm smus kiths ihs `ujcichs cm uo iojkh. Mlvjhu uo `irtàh ih tmripmuti hlcm rmfmrji tmr `hlsmkujch iprhvmjtir sui vjikmo m làh tmr pmlsich lhs kiths lmo uoi vmz. Issjo, pmr`memohs i ilsjmcicm ilsjmcicm (sm  (sm cmjxissm hs kiths inkh tmrrïvmn phcmrji nams i`hltm`mr ? shfrjomlth jliutâltj`h), jliutâltj`h), qum cmsipirm`m phr fjo ih njemrir sui `unpi m picràh cm pmlsiomlth cm smr jl`ipiz cm thoir `hlti cm inkuêo  inkuêo   ( shfrjomlth  shfrjomlth iutâltj`h, vjlch iutâltj`h,  vjlch ci suepmrshlinjcicm ci ajstðrji cm hlcm sm hrjkjlhu). H shfrjomlth iutâltj`h rmsshi sjoehnj`iomltm ois`irich, cjsfirëich luoi `hlcjëàh jliutâltj`i cm shfrjomlth, nmvilch-i i uoi vjci njojtici, `ho smu prizmr itripinaich (iuthpuljëàh). Yuilch [hhnkmr nam fi`jnjthu i thoici cm `hls`jâl`ji ch vmrcicmjrh shfrjomlth qum aivji phr trés, `hoh tioeêo nam prhphr`jhlhu i mxprmssàh psj`hcrioétj`i m `itértj`i ch omsoh - itrivês ci `itirsm chs enhqumjhs lhs lïvmjs fïsj`h (tmlsàh, `ahrh), moh`jhlin (ilsjmcicm, `unpi, vmrkhlai, rmohrsh) m omltin (picrýms cm pmlsiomlths njkichs ä `herilëi cm sui rmsphlsiejnjcicm), cms`hlm`tirio-sm hs mnhs sjlthoétj`hs qum uljio i ajstðrji hrjkjlin cm vjci pissici, `ho smu shfrjomlth iutâltj`h, ä vjci ituin. Issjo, h enhqumjh hrjulch ch triuoi ci suepmrshlinjcicm ch pissich, mxprmssh lhs jopmcjomlths i uoi vjci prmsmltm oijs siucévmn m njvrm, `amkhu ih têrojlh ipðs i cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh ch mkh cm Mnjziemta m `hlsmqþmltm trilsfhroiëàh cis suis itjtucms, picrýms cm pmlsiomlths m smltjomlths itrivês ci iopnjiëàh cm sui `hls`jâl`ji `ho msti iehrcikmo. [hhnkmr utjnjzi-sm cm uo trieinah psj`hcrioétj`h i pirtjr ci joikjliëàh msphltålmi m/hu cjrjkjci (sherm joprmssýms, smlsiëýms, joikmls, smltjomlths). Trmtmlcm `ho jsth nmvir is `jr`ulstål`jis momrkmltms ä sui `hlsuoiëàh, fm`ailch is sjtuiëýms jli`ieicis `ho i fjlinjcicm cm fivhrm`mr ih pi`jmltm `hopnmti njemriëàh m cmpuriëàh (`itirsm, qum vmo ch krmkh `itirsjs m sjkljfj`i purjfj`iëàh) ch triuoi (enhqumjh cm mlmrkji). Mstms ih cmsenhqumjh m purjfj`iëàh jl`jcmo lïvmjs cm mlmrkji2 lïvmn (rmni`jhlich `hrph mtêrj`h), lïvmn moh`jhlin (ih lhs `hrphtrâs moh`jhlin) m lïvmn omltin (ih fïsj`h `hrph

 

oijs sutjn cm thchs), jsth ê, lhs cjvmrshs `hrphs mlmrkêtj`hs sutjs qum mxjstmo inêo ch `hrph fïsj`h, smkujlch is tricjëýms hrjmltijs m i tmhshfji39. i)  H `hrph mtêrj`h2 itjlkjch itrivês chs rmsïcuhs fïsj`hs ci mxpmrjâl`ji, shoitjziëýms, omoðrji `hrphrin7  e)  H `hrph moh`jhlin2 itrivês chs rmsïcuhs cis mohëýms enhqumicis, `hlkmnicis7 `)  H `hrph omltin2 itrivês pissicis chs rmsïcuhs `rmlëis,ituilch picrýmslicmvjci pmlsiomlths, rmsuntiltms cis vjvâl`jis qum cm `hltjluio prmsmltm. cm`jsýms [hhnkmr i`rmcjti qum ipmlis quilch sm itjlkm i mxprmssàh `hopnmti cmssms picrýms cm  pmlsiomlths, mohëýms m smlsiëýms, ê qum sm fiz phssïvmn cms`hlkmnir rminomltm i rmspm`tjvi mlmrkji („`rjsm `uritjvi"). Lmstm mopmlah, i`hlsmnai làh sm itmr ih trieinah `ho ehis vjcis, `hltuch prjhrjzir is cjfï`mjs phr mstirmo oijs `irrmkicis cm phtml`jin `uritjvh. Itrivês ci chr, smbi mni psïquj`i hu fïsj`i, h thch hrkilïsoj`h oiljfmsti smu cmsmqujnïerjh. Mnm cjs`hrci qum mvh`ir fjkuris irqumtïpj`is, mspjrjtuijs `urichris hu prhtmthris, smbi sufj`jmltm piri `urir i chr psj`hnðkj`i. "Äs vmzms, i ohrtm ch vmnah mkh ê mxitiomltm h qum sm  prm`jsi piri qum h hutrh phssi lis`mr" ([hhnkmr, hp.`jt., p. 63), rmssinti bustjfj`ilch i âlfism ci sui tê`lj`i mo jlvmstjkir i chr rmprjojci. Hs sjlthois fïsj`hs `rólj`hs, prjl`jpinomltm hs rmsjstmltms ihs tritiomlths `hlvml`jhlijs, `hoh chrms lis `hstis, isoi, mbi`uniëàh prm`h`m, frjkjcmz... - ms`hlcmo ajstðrjis iltmrjhrms oijs iltjkis. Cms`rmvm mo smu njvrh `hoh chrms lis `hstis phcmo mvh`ir omoðrjis cm pulainicis, mspil`iomlth, cmsieiomlths, frituris m pmshs cm `irkis7 issjo `hoh li isoi phcm momrkjr omoðrjis cm isfjxji phr mlvmlmliomlth, ifhkiomlth hu mlfhr`iomlth7 `hoh mo prhenmois cm mbi`uniëàh prm`h`m phcmo aivmr rmkjstrhs cm auojnaiëàh pòenj`i `ho hs kmljtijs, vmrkhlai m thrturi smxuin7 issjo `hoh hs `ishs cm frjkjcmz phcmo mstir `hlm`tichs i omoðrjis cm mstuprh m ieushs mo vjcis pissicis. Eismilch-sm mo sui `irthkrifji ountjljvmnici ci `hls`jâl`ji (vjcm `ip.9, jtmo 9.0.0.0. lmstm trieinah), itrivês ch ohcmnh ci Fnhr cm Nðtus, eus`i itjlkjr h `hopnmxh h`unth phr trés chs sjlthois. Nmoeriohs qum [hhnkmr iopnjhu h `hl`mjth bulkujilh piri `hopnmxh cm vjci  pissici, hu `hopnmxh géroj`h, hu  siosgiri  siosgiri,, qum omnahr mxpnj`jtio is tmlcâl`jis ä iëàh  eismicis mo jlfnuâl`jis cm picrýms mstiemnm`jchs lh pissich. [hhnkmr sm eismji lhs `hl`mjths ch Zhki qum vjsnuoerio qum mssi trilsojssàh cm picrýms phcmr smr cici cm uoi vjci piri hutri. Mnm `hlsjcmri oujth fé`jn `amkir ihs vérjhs pnilhs cm uo `hopnmxh (qumr smbi h pnilh  ejhkréfj`h, h mxjstml`jin, h shoétj`h, h pmrjlitin, h irqumtïpj`h hu h cm vjcis pissicis) m itjlkjr h smltjomlth lu`nmir qum h jcmltjfj`i quilch sm `hlsmkum huvjr i rmsshlål`ji sjoeðnj`i  ci njlkuikmo vmrein hu `hrphrin ch `njmltm. @hlfhrom fhj cjth, mltmlcm-sm phr rmsshlål`ji sjoeðnj`i is issh`jiëýms lh lïvmn ch sjoehnjsoh hu omtéfhri (qum h jl`hls`jmltm iprmsmlti mo  pmlsiomlths, joikmls, smltjomlths m smlsiëýms), `hlstjtujchris cm uo `hopnmxh, oijs sjopnmsomltm mxpnj`jticis lhs `urshs cm fhroiëàh qum mnm ojljstri, `hoh "kitjnahs" hu pjstis qum `hlcuzmo i mvmlths pissichs. I pirtjr ch qum bé sm tmo cjsphlïvmn li supmrfï`jm ci `hls`jâl`ji, [hhnkmr mstjouni h ush cm omtéfhris qum pissh i pissh cms`hrtjlio uoi ajstðrji lhvi. Li smlsiëàh cm chr lh  pmjth, phr mxmopnh, h tmripmuti jlciki2 "Ê `h `hoh oh sm...8" Msti pmrkulti ê uo mstïounh piri qum i 39

 H ohcmnh cm [hhnkmr ch `hrph sutjn m smus vérjhs lïvmjs sm cmrjvi ch trieinah ci tmhshfjsti Inj`m Eijnmy sherm hs Putri ci Zhki cm Titilbinj.

 

mlmrkji enhqumici phssi momrkjr. Mnm phcm rmsphlcmr2 "Ê `hoh sm uo jlstruomlth phltjikuch  pmlmtrissm mo omu tðrix"... H tmripmuti tioeêo phcm fizmr sukmstýms cm phssjejnjcicms qum smràh `hlfjroicis hu làh pmnh `njmltm2 S (Smripmuti)2 Ê `hoh sm fhssm h quâ, nam prmlcmlch hs punshs2 uoi `hrci, uoi `hrrmltm, inkmois....8 @ (@njmltm)2 Làh... oàhs`hlsjkh fjroms cm ahomo... Ia! msté omfhrtm! irristilch... om bhkir lh iejsoh! Ha, sàh làh!is Làh omuo cmsvml`jnair! MnmMnm ê oujth Mnm vij vij om  bhkir! Issjo, vàh surkjlch is joikmls, smlsiëýms, smltjomlths, pmlsiomlths, qum vàh trizmlch i ajstðrji ml`hemrti lhs sjlthois, làh ipmlis piri rmvjvâ-ni, ois piri pmrojtjr-nam mxprmssàh luoi jltmlsjcicm suphrtévmn, m phr fjo `hlcuzj-ni i uo fm`aiomlth mo tmrohs cm `hlfjkuriëàh jltripsïquj`i (prjl`ïpjh ci tmripji Kmstint )).. [hhnkmr sinjmlti tjphs eésj`hs cm `hopnmxhs hrjulchs cm vjcis pissicis qum jopunsjhlio h jlcjvïcuh i cmsmlvhnvmr sjlthois m itrijr mvmlths, hs quijs smkumo hs prjl`ïpjhs  bulkujilhs ci sjl`rhlj`jcicm. Iquj, eisj`iomltm sjopnjfj`ichs piri mfmjth cjcétj`h, mstàh mnms, mltrm hutrhs2 `hopnmxh cm `unpi (iths jlsilhs, tjrilhs, erutijs, `rjoms, mt`.)7 `hopnmxh cm eijxi iuth-mstjoi (mrrh hu fri`issh)7 `hopnmxh cm vmrkhlai (auojnaiëýms m rmbmjëàh sh`jin)7 `hopnmxh cm omch ci vjhnâl`ji (ohrtm trékj`i hu vjhnmlti)7 `hopnmxh cm rijvi m ðcjh7 `hopnmxh cm ieilchlh, pmrci hu smpiriëàh chnhrhsi7 `hopnmxh cm cmsmspmrh sjnml`jhsh m cmprmssàh (kmrinomltm vjcis cm sueojssàh, hlcm bé sm pmrcmu i mspmrilëi cm oucilëi)7 `hopnmxh cm smxh (`hopunsàh hu rmbmjëàh) `hopnmxh cm omch ch phcmr (phcmr tjrilh m sueojssàh sue ojssàh mx`mssjvi)7 `hopnmxh cm trijëàh (fhj triïch)7 `hopnmxh cm tmoph („làh vij cir tmoph‟, mo qum lh pissich làh sm `hlsmkuju tmr tmoph cm fizmr inkh jophrtiltm)7 `hopnmxh cm iuthcmsikrich (rmbmjëàh ch `hrph)7 `hopnmxh cm ieush/`ahqum/cjssh`jiëàh. H prjl`ïpjh fulciomltin ch „trieinah `ho hs criois ci inoi‟, `hoh h `rjichr ch oêthch `hstuoi icbmtjvé-nh, ê smkujr i mlmrkji piri hlcm qumr qum mni lhs nmvm. Mx2 rmkrmcjr i  pirtjr cm qumjxis cm ohomlths ituijs piri suis jltmrnjkiëýms i uoi vjci pissici m cm né vhntir i mvmlths jlfiltjs cmsti vjci prmsmltm7 hu rmkrmcjr pirtjlch cm triuois ci jlfål`ji piri uoi vjci  pissici m ciï piri mvmlths cmsti vjci. Is `hrrmniëýms sm oiljfmstio ä omcjci qum lðs ohvmohs i mlmrkji momrkmltm. [hhnkmr jlcj`i i mstruturiëàh cm sui tê`lj`i rmkrmssjvi itrivês cm uo cmtmrojlich rhtmjrh, fruth cm nhlkhs ilhs cm hesmrviëàh mopïrj`i. Ipðs uoi `rjtmrjhsi mltrmvjsti hu ipnj`iëàh cm inkuls bhkhs qum fi`jnjtio h i`mssh i joikmls hu smlsiëýms `hrphrijs hu picrýms qum  pirmëio „kitjnahs‟ ih tmripmuti, pissi pissi-sm -sm phr cjfmrmltms mstékjhs, hs quijs `hlfjkurio i mssâl`ji cm sui tê`lj`i. Phnj`jti-sm ih `njmltm qum psj`hcrioitjzm m sm `houljqum lh tmoph  prmsmltm, m ikhri. sjltmtj`iomltm hs mstékjhs.  I smkujr, iquj iprmsmltirmohs

 

Mstékjh 92 Mstjouni-sm i jl`hrphriëàh ih pmrshlikmo (ci vjci pissici hu cmsti vjci oijs piri trés), il`hrilch-h. H „kuji‟ usi frisms `hoh2 „Hnam piri hs smus pês. Vmbi h qum vh`â msté usilch. Yum tjph cm `hrph vh`â tmo8‟  tmo8‟  @njmltm2 - Msthu om vmlch `inëilch hs sipiths qum kilamj lh omu iljvmrsérjh. Smlah 1 ilhs. Ê lmsti vjci omsoh. Mstékjh 52 Mstiemnm`m-sm h `mlérjh ch crioi, nmvilch h `njmltm i hnair ih rmchr m sm `hls`jmltjzir ci sjtuiëàh i`mssici tilth quilch phssïvmn. Mx2 „Hlcm vh`â msté8... H qum i`hltm`m i `hltm`m iquj8...Msté fmrjch8... Vmbi sm msté shzjlah hu sm tmo oijs kmltm phr pmrth... H qum pirm`m qum msté piri i`hltm`mr8‟  i`hltm`mr8‟  

Mstékjh 02 Cmsmlvhnvm Cmsmlvhnvm-sm sm h mlrmch. Iquj h „kuji‟ cjrm`jhli h `njmltm piri frmltm m piri trés lh tmoph, eus`ilch hs ohomlths-`aivm ci vjci ciqumnm pmrshlikmo, hu smbi, ohomlths cm sjkljfj`itjvi `irki moh`jhlin. Iuxjnjich pmni iëàh ch tmripmuti, utjnjzilch frisms `hoh mstis, h jl`hls`jmltm hs triré ripjciomltm2 -  Vhu `hltir itê trâs m vh`â vij piri h prðxjoh ohomlth jophrtiltm cmsti vjci2 uo, chjs, trâs!... H qum i`hltm`m8... H qum vh`â vâ ikhri8 -  Mltrm mo `hltith `ho mssi ilkòstji, mssm omch cm fj`ir shzjlai. Vé piri quilch vh`â smltju jssh oijs fhrtm, pmni prjomjri vmz. ]o, chjs, trâs! -  Vhntm piri i incmji i quin vh`â pmrtml`m, cm hlcm vh`â vmjh, ikhri. H qum msté i`hltm`mlch8 Mstékjh 32 Ikhri qum h jl`hls`jmltm trhuxm h `njmltm i uoi `mli-`aivm, trieinai-sm mxpnhrilch-i, phjs làh jltmrmssi fj`ir punilch `urjhsiomltm itrés cm pmciëhs ci ajstðrji. [hhnkmr i`hlsmnai fh`injzir iquj mo `åoiri oijs nmlti, cmnhlkilch-sm lis rmiëýms  psj`hnðkj`is, lhs smltjomlths qum cmsphltio, lhs pmlsiomlths pmlsiomlths làh-mxprmsshs.

Mstm mstékjh, smkulch h `rjichr ci tê`lj`i, ê h oijs rj`h i rmspmjth ci fhroiëàh ch `hopnmxh ci hrjkmo ci cjssh`jiëàh chs `hrphs mlmrkêtj`hs mo `hlsmqþâl`ji ch triuoi. Ê  phssïvmn iqujjl`nusjvm sm `hoprmmlcmr ci rmprmssàh thcis rmiëýms cjssh`jicis ch triuoi, h mstichi hrjkmo cm `ahqum, qum phcmm cm nmvir ih isqum [hhnkmr `aioi icvjlcis cm „vjci `hnipsici‟.   `hnipsici‟. Iquj njciohs `ho i `itirsm prhprjiomltm cjti, `hoh rmiëýms cm `ahrh, pålj`h hu rijvi. Msti `itirsm cmvm smr mstjounici itrivês chs smltjomlths m mxprmssýms `hrphrijs, `ho frisms ch kuji `hoh2 -  Mltrm mo `hltith `ho hs smltjomlths. H qum vmo ä thli8 @hnhqum pinivris piri mxprmssé-nh. -  Cmjxm jssh vjr! Ikhri vh`â phcm krjtir. Vh`â phcm cjzmr tuch qum vh`â kuirci li kirkilti. Cjki tuch pri mnms! -  @hls`jmltjzm-sm cm `hoh vh`â `hlkmni, `hoh vh`â sm ikirri i mssm omch. Hlcm vh`â h `irrmki lh smu `hrph8...Omrkunam ljssh... Ikhri vmbi `hoh vh`â phcm njemrir jssh. Thlai pinivris!... -  Shom `hls`jâl`ji cm `hoh vh`â sm herjki i làh smltjr jssh m i sm fm`air. Umspjrm,

njemrm mssi tmlsàh.

 

  I cjssh`jiëàh ê h fmlóomlh cm cms`hlm`tir i `hls`jâl`ji chs vérjhs lïvmjs mlmrkêtj`hs. Thr mxmopnh2 h lïvmn fïsj`h làh tmr `hls`jâl`ji ch lïvmn moh`jhlin, h moh`jhlin làh „siemr‟ ch picràh omltin, mt`... Ê tioeêo uo chs tmois cm issulths jli`ieichs oijs jophrtiltms piri smrmo rmvjsichs phstmrjhromltm lh Eirch (vmr mstékjhrmsuntich = m 6 i ch smkujr), i fjo cm `hlstitir sm rminomlt rminomltmm i cjssh`jiëàh fhj cmsfmjti `hoh prh`mssh tmripâutj`h. Mstékjh =2 Srieinai-sm i mxpmrjâl`ji ci ohrtm m suis rmpmr`ussýms lhs lïvmjs omltin, moh`jhlin m fïsj`h lh Eirch 35, mxmopnhs2 -  Vé itê h fjo piri h ohomlth cm sui ohrtm. H qum h`hrrm quilch vh`â msté ohrrmlch8 -  Itrivmssm i ohrtm m om cjki h qum i`hltm`m7 h qum vh`â vâ8 -  Vhu `hltir itê trâs m tuch vij tmr i`ieich2 uo, chjs, trâs! I`iehu. Shom `hls`jâl`ji qum vh`â ohrrmu. -  Shom `hls`jâl`ji qum vh`â siju ciqumnm `hrph (fivhrm`m i cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh. Mssml`jin sm ahuvm outjniëàh m vjhnâl`ji). Ê lm`mssérjh rminjzir i `hls`jmltjziëàh cm picrýms piri fivhrm`mr i trilsfhroiëàh. - Vmbi `hoh vh`â sm `unpi ci ohrtm cmnms m ifjroi piri sj omsoh qum lul`i oijs qumr tmr fjnahs. Iquj sm njemrio rmsïcuhs moh`jhlijs m pmlsiomlths lmkitjvhs qum làh fhrio cmvjciomltm mxprmsshs m purjfj`ichs lh mstékjh 3. Pmkulch h Eirch Saöchn ch Eucjsoh Sjemtilh (Mvils-[mltz, 9:1:, Ujlph`am Phkyin, 9::5) ê lh ohomlth ci ohrtm m siïci ch `hrph qum hs ohcmnhs géroj`hs sm jlstinio lhs `hrphs sutjs. M ê mxitiomltm iquj piri [hhnkmr qum, li rmkrmssàh, h ohomlth ci `uri sm iprmsmlti, quilch sm phcm jltrhcuzjr, rm`hrrmlch ä joikjliëàh m ä vjsuinjziëàh `rjitjvi, h fm`aiomlth cm  kmstints m  kmstints  m `hlsmqþmltmomltm ch `j`nh rmpmtjtjvh géroj`h ch siosgiri ch siosgiri.. H mxmopnh i smkujr, rmfmrm-sm i uo mpjsðcjh cm rmkrmssàh, hlcm Pinmtm Omlmzms, uoi cis iuthris cmstm njvrh, sm vju cjiltm cm uoi shoeri sui `hoh uoi rijlai qum nmvivi ä kujnahtjli thchs hs ahomls qum nam smrvjio smxuinomltm, m fhj ohrti mlvmlmlici, mlquilth chroji, phr uoi `rjici. tmoji qum mnii thoissm uomlquilth shncich, smu iohr,uo phr`msth ioiltm, m qum`ho h `hlcmlissm ä ohrtm. I Msti `rjici `hnh`hu smus pês, chroji, iemrth smrpmltms vmlmlhsis m mstis i pj`irio. Mni ohrrmu chrojlch, phrêo smu `hrph mtêrj`h prmsml`jhu tuch. (Li vjci ituin, iprmsmltivi qumjxis frmqþmltms cm chrms lis pmrlis). [ (Uhkmr [hhnkmr)2 H qum vh`â ijlci `irrmki ciqumni vjci, ikhri qum vh`â bé ohrrmu m sm ml`hltri lh oulch mspjrjtuin8 P (Pinmtm Omlmzms)2 H vmlmlh... ijlci msté lis ojlais pmrlis ( rmfmrm ‐  rmfmrm ‐ sm sm is pmrlis ch `hrph mtêrj`h). [ 2 M h qum vh`â qumr fizmr ikhri8 P2 Yumrh njvrir-om cmnm. Mnis mstàh chromltms.

35

 Mstm ê usich iquj phr [hhnkmr, rmfmrjlch-sm ih mstékjh ci rmkrmssàh hlcm h pmrshlikmo sm vâ lh oulch

mspjrjtuin, ipðs i ohrtm. @hrrmsphlcm ih mspiëh mltrm-vjcis, jltmromcjérjh mltrm i vjci m i ohrtm, smkulch h Eucjsoh Sjemtilh.

 

[2 @hoh vh`â phcm fizmr jssh ikhri8 ]sm sui joikjliëàh! (Iquj h tmripmuti usi uoi fjromzi `hlfjiltm piri fivhrm`mr h psj`hcrioi m hs mfmjths `uritjvhs ci joikjliëàh, piri trilsfhroir hs rmsïcuhs joprmsshs lh `hrph sutjn). P2 Joikjlilch qum vmo uo ïlcjh, uo pibê. [2 Mltàh triki mssm ïlcjh itê vh`â. M h qum i`hltm`m8 P2 Mnm om fiz `hrtms mo ioeis is pmrlis, prðxjoh thrlhzmnhs, uo pmqumlh `hrtm li  pirtm jlfmrjhr, li frmltm... m ikhri t`ajjj...(fiz t`ajjj...(fiz uo sho `hohihs cm uo nïqujch ms`hilch). [2 Sajjj... (h tmripmuti rmfhrëi i hlhoithpêji, i`hopilailch, mopitj`iomltm). P2 Ia! (rmspjriëàh cm inïvjh). [2 Ðtjoh, oujth eho. (Tiusi, rmspjrilch injvjich). @hoh vh`â sm smltm ikhri8 @hoh vh`â msté smltjlch is suis pmrlis8 P2 Njvrms. Piju uoi suestål`ji ms`uri. Mstàh emo cm lhvh. Pjlth-om injvjici.  Luo hutrh mxmopnh30, Pinmtm Omlmzms rmnmoeri smu ajstðrj`h cm erhlqujtm li jlfål`ji qum sm rmpmtji li sui vjci icunti mo `jr`ulstål`jis cm krilcm ilsjmcicm, moehri cm fhroi nmvm.  Li rmkrmssàh, mni `hltiti uo pmrshlikmo bucmu qum ohrrmu li `å `åoiri oiri cm kés, prmh`upich phr làh siemr hlcm mstivio is fjnais pmqumlis m h qum phcji mstir nams i`hltm`mlch. Ohrrmu  pmlsilch qum làh jrji `hlsmkujr ms`ipir cinj (smo siïci) m làh jrji, ph phrr `hlsmkujltm, sinvir is suis fjnais, hlcm qumr qum mstjvmssmo. Ipðs i vjvâl`ji ci ohrtm `hlsmrvivi uoi rmspjriëàh oujth cjfï`jn cmlhtilch i jltmlsi `hltriëàh cjifrikoétj`i qum prhtmkji h bucmu cm jlspjrir thtinomltm h kés vmlmlhsh. S (tmripmuti)332 - Ahomo bucmu, i`iehu. Vh`â làh msté liqumnm `hrph li `åoiri cm kés. Msté lh oulch mspjrjtuin. Tunoýms, thomo `hls`jâl`ji cm qum bé i`iehu. H smu `hrph iquj bé  phcm rmspjrir njvrmomltm. Tunoýms, iquj lh oulch mspjrjtuin h ir ê purh. Mxpilcio-sm m rmspjrmo njvrmomltm cm lhvh. Iphltiohs lhticiomltm h phcmr `uritjvh cmstm ohomlth jltmromcjérjh mltrm-vjcis, tmstmoulailch i aiejnjcicm ch tmripmuti mo hfmrm`mr `iojlahs hu sukmstýms cm rm`urshs piri h  prðprjh `njmltm cms`herj-nhs, hu ijlci mo ierjr-sm piri h jomlsh phtml`jin `rjitjvh ci omltm ch `njmltm ruoh ä trilsfhroiëàh, cmvmlch mstjouné-nh i mltrir mo `hltith m cmsmlvhnvâ-nh. Thrtilth, iquj sm trieinaivi piri „njopir‟ hs trâs oijhrms `hrphs  `hrphs   sutjs2 `hrph omltin (pmlsiomlths jli`ieichs), `hrph moh`jhlin (smltjomlths jli`ieichs) m `hrph mtêrj`h (smlsiëýms jli`ieicis).

Mstékjh 62 Srieinai-sm lh Eirch i rm`hl`jnjiëàh `ho pmrshlikmls chs quijs sm oiltjlai  kmstints   jli`ieicis itê mltàh (oékhi, rijvi). Fiz-sm i rmvjsàh ci vjci pissici piri `hltitir  kmstints njëýms, hu omnahr, h smltjch cmni, h qum fj`hu `hoh iprmlcjzich, m i jltmkriëàh `ho i vjci ituin. Yuilch sm pmr`mem i rmpmr`ussàh ch triuoi cm vjci pissici li prmsmltm, sàh cms`hemrths smus mfmjths cilhshs m i sjl`rhlj`jcicm li rmpmtjëàh cmstms mo `jr`ulstål`jis ituijs itrivês cm smltjomlths cm `unpi, rijvi, oékhi, vjl`unichs ihs prhtikhljstis ch pissich.  Lmstm mstékjh, fmnjzomltm, aé mspiëh piri i vmreinjziëàh cm cjénhkhs joikjlérjhs lh oulch mspjrjtuin qum hebmtjvio h fm`aiomlth chs lmkð`jhs jli`ieichs, rmssintilch qum thchs mnms ikhri bé sm ml`hltrio li phsjëàh cm mspïrjths. Jsth fivhrm`m i mnmviëàh ch lïvmn ci 30

 Ioehs ch irqujvh cis mxpmrjâl`jis pmsshijs cm Omlmzms, `hnajchs curiltm hs `urshs cm fhroiëàh mo

Smripji Umkrmssjvi Jltmkrin, `ho Uhkmr [hhnkmr. 33  H tmripmuti, Iurjlh N. Fmrrmjri, `hlcuzju h mpjsðcjh lh eirch.

 

`hls`jâl`ji ruoh ih @mltrh ]ljfj`ichr hu Pmnf , qum phssjejnjti ih `njmltm trils`mlcâl`ji mo rmniëàh ihs `hlfnjths. I rmshnuëàh cm  kmstints  kmstints   tioeêo sm cé pmnh ush ci joikjliëàh `rjitjvi li eus`i cm airohlji m rminjziëàh cis lm`mssjcicms. Lh mxmopnh ci pmrshlikmo bucji, qum ohrrmu li `åoiri cm kés, phssjejnjti-sm h smu rmml`hltrh `ho smus fjnahs lh eirch, itrivês cm psj`hcrioi,  piri fjlinomltm sui ilsjmcicm ilsj mcicm cm rmivâ-nhs `homltrm i ohrtm. Iquj aé ishnu`jhlir hphrtuljcicm cm sm prhohvmr h pmrcàh vïtjois m inkhzms m h rmml`hltrh `ho mltms qumrjchs.  Lmsti mtipi mo pirtj`unir, shermssij i smlsiëàh cm jcmltjfj`ir pmsshis ciqumni ajstðrji qum pirtj`jpio ci vjci prmsmltm. Jsth fivhrm`m prm`jhshs jlsjkats jlsjkats   sherm hs rmni`jhliomlths ituijs m i cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh `ho picrýms prhbmtjvhs m `hlsmqþmltm trilsfhroiëàh mkðj`i ruoh ä trils`mlcâl`ji Piem-sm qum mo trilspmsshin, phr mlvhnvmr mstichs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, ê lm`mssérji uoi fhroiëàh tmðrj`h-mxpmrjml`jin. H trieinah cm [hhnkmr làh fhkm ä rmkri, prjl`jpinomltm phr mlvhnvmr mstichs rmkrmssjvhs. Mnm `hlstiti qum i omcj`iëàh psjqujétrj`i kmrinomltm jljem is rmiëýms m enhqumji h prh`mssh mo sui tê`lj`i, jltmrfmrjlch lhs rmsuntichs, prmfmrjlch trieinair `ho pmsshis qum làh mstmbio cmni fizmlch ush. Thr mstm ohtjvh m tioeêo phr `hlsjcmrir lm`mssérjh uoi `mrti mstruturiëàh mkðj`i, i`hlsmnai `iutmni `ho ehrcmrnjlms ehrcmrnjlms,, `ho hs quijs cmvmré h`hrrmr oijhr issjstâl`ji tmripâutj`i. Lh ohomlth, làh mxjstmo pmsqujsis `ho  pi`jmltms psj`ðtj`hs, m, phr `hlsmkujltm, sui ipnj`iëàh lmssi érmi làh icqujrju rmspinch smkurh, làh smlch ijlci i`hlsmnaici piri h trieinah cm tmripmutis jlj`jiltms, `ubi mxpmrjâl`ji làh fhrlm`m suesjcjh smkurh piri trilsjtir lmssm uljvmrsh.

0.5.3. Ejhpsj`hnhkji - trils`mlcmlch ruoh ä mspjrjtuinjcicm - Trieait Uijlbil Pirgir m Pusil Ilcrmws.  I mspjrjtuinjcicm fhrlm`m ä auoiljcicm i fhrëi mxtrihrcjlérji m sutjn `ho i quin lmlauoi hutri fhrëi phcm smr `hopirici.  Thrtilth, `ho i mspjrjtuinjc mspjrjtuinjcicm icm `hoh eism, uoi fjnhshfji ri`jhlinpsj`hnðkj`hs cmvm smr piri njcir `ho  hs prhenmois  fïsj`hs, psj`hnðk j`hscmsmlvhnvjci m sð`jh- fjnhsðfj`hs  fjnhsðfj`hs cjérjhs‟  cjérjhs‟ - Parjj Parjj Ililciourtj

 Lhvis iehrcikmls trilspmsshijs `hltjluio surkjlch lh ituin `mlérjh ci Tsj`hnhkji h`jcmltin. Mstiohs lhs rmfmrjlch i oijs rm`mltm ‐  rm`mltm  ‐  i  i EJHTPJ@HNHKJI. Cmsmlvhnvjci lh Erisjn  pmni lhrtm-iomrj`ili Pusil Ilcrmws, iltrhpðnhki pmni ]ljvmrsjcicm cm Airvirc (].P.I), omstri mo Tsj`hnhkji m Ph`jhnhkji pmni ]ljvmrsjcicm cm Itmlmh (Fjnjpjlis), chuthri mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin pmni ]ljvmrsjcicm cm Krmmlwj`a (Iustrénji). Pusil Ilcrmws, cjs`ïpuni ch `rjichr ci Ejhpsj`hnhkji, h omstrm tiltri jlcjilh Trieait Uijlbil Pirgir, ê iuthri cm vérjhs njvrhs tricuzjchs piri cmz jcjhois sherm tmois `hoh mcu`iëàh, psj`hnhkji, siòcm, yhki, lutrjëàh m m`hnhkji7 ê, ijlci, fulcichri m `hhrcmlichri ch Tirqum M`hnðkj`h Vjsàh Futurh mo Thrilkiei, Pàh Tiunh. Ojljstri `urshs cm fhroiëàh mo

Ejhpsj`hnhkji, lh quin h inulh làh rm`mem ipmlis mlsjliomlths tmðrj`hs cmltrh cmssm mlfhqum, ois ê, shermtuch, `hlcuzjch i uo trieinah vjvml`jin prhfulch itrivês cm tê`lj`is hrjmltijs ch

 

sjstmoi tåltrj`h m h`jcmltijs `ho h mlfhqum trilspmsshin, tijs `hoh2 psj`hcrioi, vjsuinjziëàh, cjlåoj`is krupijs, irtmtmripji, mt`., luoi sïltmsm `hmrmltm, vjsilch h mqujnïerjh airoólj`h cis vérjis cjomlsýms auoilis m i mnmviëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji mo cjrmëàh i uo mstich cm uljcicm `hlsjkh omsoh, `ho i liturmzi, `ho h hutrh m `ho h Shch. I Ejhpsj`hnhkji jltmkri, phrtilth, i siemchrji hrjmltin `ho is tmripjis `hrph/omltm h`jcmltijs, ch inj`mrëici oijs iltjki siemchrji `ho i  psj`hnhkji Siltri, likrilcms séejhs tricjëàh hrjmltijs,cm cmscm smtm ch ojnSiltri. ilhs Cm itrés,i`hrch pmsqujsilch jltripsjquj`iomltm, `hlstitirio i mxjstâl`ji cm =4 (`jlqþmlti) phssjejnjcicms cm mxprmssýms omltijs qum sm phcm cmlhojlir cm mohëýms, smltjomlths, itjtucms, jlstjlths, mt`. Pmkulch msti siemchrji ojnmlir, i fhltm cis mohëýms sàh hs Vrttjs Vrttjs,, vðrtj`ms cm mlmrkji sutjn qum vjerio lh lhssh `ioph omltin, `hlfhrom phcmohs pmr`memr i smkujr2 „Is =4 prjl`jpijs prhpmlsýms (vrttjs) sàh cmpmlcmltms chs vérjhs `aigris m sàh mxprmssicis jltmrli m mxtmrliomltm itrivês cis mxprmssýms vjeri`jhlijs chs `aigris. Mstis vjeriëýms sàh i `iusi chs ahroóljhs smrmo sm`rmtichs cis  knålcunis m i mxprmssàh liturin m làh liturin cis prhpmlsjcicms (vrttjs) cmpmlcmo ch kriu lhroin m ilhroin ci sm`rmëàh cmssms ahroóljhs‟. (T.U. Pirgir, ipuc Pusil Ilcrmws, ojomh)  Lmstm smltjch, i Ejhpsj`hnhkji surkm `hoh uo ipprhi`a ipprhi`a `jmltïfj`h  `jmltïfj`h qum eus`i jltmkrir hs vérjhs ispm`ths ch smr auoilh, trieinailch h ahomo cmltrh cm uoi vjsàh jltmkrin. Tiri jssh utjnjzi-sm cm prétj`is psj`hfïsj`is `ho h jltujth cm mqujnjerir is knålcunis mlcð`rjlis m suis sm`rmëýms ahrohlijs `hlsjcmrilch-is `hlsjcmrilch-is `hoh „phlths lhcijs hlcm i `hls`jâl`ji `hlm`ti lh `hrph fïsj`h‟.  fïsj`h‟.  Msti iehrcikmo iopnji i vjsàh chs om`iljsohs ci omltm, cis mohëýms, chs smltjomlths m pmlsiomlths, tmlch `hoh uo chs rmfmrml`jijs tmðrj`hs is pmsqujsis rminjzicis phr lhtévmjs lmurhfjshnhkjstis m ijlci is mxtrihrcjlérjis cms`hemrtis lh `ioph ci jlfnuâl`ji chs lmurhtrilsojsshrms lh `hophrtiomlth. Trhphlch uo oipi ful`jhlin ch psjqujsoh qum mxtriphni hs vmnahs `hl`mjths lh `ioph cm mstuch ch `hophrtiomlth auoilh, i Ejhpsj`hnhkji ê uoi tmhrji/prétj`i qum, jlch inêo ch oipmiomlth, prhpým uoi iëàh cjrmti m tmripâutj`i lh smltjch cm, phr mtipis su`mssjvis, h jlcjvïcuh thrlir suis prhpmlsýms psïquj`is hu vrttjs `ici vmz oijs sutjs, rminjzilch uo  prh`mssh inquïoj`h lh smu `hrph/omltm piri itjlkjr sui mssâl`ji mspjrjtuin luo mstich cm emoivmlturilëi (mstich cm uljcicm `ðsoj`i). Tirtjlch ch prmssuphsth eésj`h `hoprmmlcjch li ilithoji psïquj`i sutjn, tmohs hs smtm `aigris `hoh trilsfhroichrms cm mlmrkji m cm `hls`jâl`ji qum cm`hopýmo i mlmrkji chs lhsshs `hrphs oijs sutjs piri hs oijs cmlshs. Pmlch qum frmqþâl`jis vjeri`jhlijs oijs sutjs mltrio mo lhssh Pmr pmnh `aigri oijs mnmvich, lh thph ci lhssi `iemëi, m sàh  prhkrmssjviomltm trilsojtjcis, luo mfmjth `is`iti, itrivês chs `aigris eésj`hs piri suprjr hs  pnilhs oijs eijxhs ci `hls`jâl`ji itê itê qum mnis itjlbio lhssh sjstmoi `mnunir lh `hrph fïsj`h. fïsj`h. Hs sue`mltrhs chs `aigris, hu vðrtj`ms mlmrkêtj`hs, vàh itjvir is knålcunis mlcð`rjlis (I‚`irji, 5444i, p. :) mstjounilch hu jljejlch j ljejlch i prhcuëàh chs smus rmspm`tjvhs ahroóljhs. I frmqþâl`ji vjeri`jhlin cmssms sue`mltrhs prhvh`i uo picràh mspm`ïfj`h cm mlmrkji psïquj`i, hu smbi, uo vðrtj`m cm pmlsiomlth cmlhojlich Vrttj (mo såls`rjth) qum intmri h `ioph omltin

 

`hoh uo thch, `iusilch uo mstich moh`jhlin mspm`ïfj`h. Tiri omnahr vjsuinjzir msti iëàh, vmbiohs h quicrh3= i smkujr2

Vðrtj`m Tsïquj`h hu Vrttj Ikjtiëàh ch @ioph Omltin Pupmr hu Puemstjouniëàh cis Knålcunis Mlcð`rjlis Pupmr hu Pue-sm`rmëàh chs Ahroóljhs Mxprmssàh Moh`jhlin/@hophrtiomltin Mstm `hopnmxh sjstmoi, ful`jhlilch mo `icmji, `hl`nuj i Ejhpsj`hnhkji, cmtmrojli lhsshs smltjomlths, mohëýms, iëýms, rmiëýms, itjtucms, mt`. Lmssm `hltmxth, moehri i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin mo smu rmfmrml`jin tmðrj`h bé tmlai fmjth `jtiëýms sherm hs sjstmois chs `aigris lis heris cm Tjmrrm [mjn, Ptiljsniv Krhf, Nêh Oiths m Mnjili Emrthnu``j mltrm hutrhs, h qum  phcmohs `hlstitir ê qum lmlauoi `hrrmltm h`jcmltin cis psj`hnhkjis p sj`hnhkjis ituijs hu iltmrjhrms aivji, itê h ohomlth, pmsqujsich m `hlsjcmrich mxpnj`jtiomltm mssi mstrmjti rmniëàh mltrm h ful`jhliomlth cis knålcunis mlcð`rjlis, i fjsjhnhkji sutjn chs `aigris (i omsoi qum fulciomlti i i`upulturi) m h `hophrtiomlth auoilh. Smohs, phrtilth, oijs uoi lhvi `hltrjeujëàh cmltrh ch piricjkoi momrkmltm, hu smbi, uoi lhvi ðtj`i pmni quin phcmohs `hoprmmlcmr omnahr i `hopnmxjcicm ch smr auoilh m cmsmlvhnvmr lhvhs ohcmnhs cm `uri. Nilëilch oàh cm jlfhroiëýms rm`mejcis pmsshinomltm lhs `urshs cm Ejhpsj`hnhkji ci Cri Pusil Ilcrmws, lh Tirqum Vjsàh Futurh mo Pàh Tiunh, m tioeêo utjnjzilch oïomh phr mni hrkiljzich piri mstms `urshs, tmltiohs rmfmrmlcir, piri omnahr mnu`jciëàh, hs Vrttjs hu  prhpmlsýms psïquj`is rmni`jhlichs ihs `aigris2

9h . @AIGUI ‐   Oònécaéri 9. Cmsmbh Fïsj`h 3 Vrttjs2  5. Cmsmbh Tsïquj`h (mxprmssàh omltin) 0. Cmsmbh Tsïquj`h Mspjrjtuin

3=

  Yuicrh rmtjrich, `ho iuthrjziëàh, ch ojomh ojomh ch `ursh cm ejhpsj`hnhkji ci Crª Pusil Ilcrmws.

 

3. Cmsmbh Mspjrjtuin

5h . @AIGUI ‐   Pvicjstaili 9.  Jlcjfmrmlëi Jlcjfmrmlëi ‐   ‐  cmscêo  cmscêo 5. Finti cm iuth-`hlfjilëi - sueojssàh 0. Jopjmcicm 6 Vrttjs2  3. Mstuphr psïquj`h =. Iuth-jlcunkâl`ji 6. Iuthcmstrutjvjcicm 0h @AIGUI Oiljpuri 9. @rumncicm 5. Jrrjtiejnjcicm 0. Pmcm cm cmsmbhs 3. Ipmkh 94 Vrttjs2  =. Omch 6. Ðcjh ;. Sjojcmz 1. @jòom :. Nmtirkji 94. Omnil`hnji

3h @AIGUI Iliaiti 9. Mspmrilëi 5. Cmsmspmrh 0. Iuth-mstjoi - Mkh 3. Trmh`upiëàh =. Kilål`ji 95 Vrttjs2  6. Msfhrëh ;. Ifmjëàh 1. Ajph`rjsji :. Irrhkål`ji 94. Sikirmnj`m 99. Irrmpmlcjomlth 95. @hls`jâl`ji

=h @AIGUI ‐  

Vjsauci

9. Intruïsoh (mxprmssh lh pnilh fïsj`h)

 

 

96 Vrttjs2 

5. Intruïsoh (mxprmssh lh pnilh sutjn) 0. Pmltjomlth cm ]ljvmrsinjcicm 3. Mltrmki ch mkh jlcjvjcuin i uo phcmr mspjrjtuin oijs mnmvich =. Vh`injziëàh rmpunsjvi 6. Vh`injziëàh itrimltm Is hutris cmz prhpmlsýms sàh li rminjcicm riïzms i`òstj`is, mlmrkji psïquj`i oijs sutjs, smo mxprmssàh moh`jhlin inkuoi. fhrois cm

6h @AIGUI ‐   5 vrttjs2 

IBLI

9. Tmlsiomlth oulcilh (qum cjrm`jhli i omltm ih pnilh oitmrjin) 5. Srils`mlcâl`ji (qum cjrm`jhli i omltm ih pnilh mspjrjtuin).

;h @AIGUI ‐   Piaisriri  Làh iprmsmlti Vrttjs.  Tiri omnahr ms`nirm`mr h nmjthr `hoh ful`jhli mstm ohcmnh tmripâutj`h jltmkrin, firmohs uo ermvm rmnith cm uo `ish `nïlj`h, `hlcuzjch phr Mnjêkm Erilcàh2 ]oi bhvmo `ho 5; ilhs `amki ih lhssh `hlsuntðrjh i`hopilaici pmni kmljthri (phjs làh `hlsmkuji sijr cm `isi shzjlai) `ho qumjxis cm `rjsms cm pålj`h qum i mstivio jopmcjlch cm jr ä Fi`uncicm, ih trieinah, emo `hoh i hutrhs nukirms.  Inêo chs i`msshs cm pålj`h, på lj`h, i rmfmrjci `njmltm qumjxivi-sm cm trjstmzi, `jòom, ipmkh mx`mssjvh. I ilénjsm jlj`jin ch cjs`ursh ci pi`jmltm jlcj`ivi uoi intmriëàh lhs Vrjtts ch 04  @aigri.  Jlj`jiohs is smssýms cm psj`htmripji trilspmsshin m pirinmniomltm nam sukmrjohs `hlbukir `ho mxmr`ï`jhs psj`hfïsj`hs fulciomltichs lh sjstmoi tåltrj`h cm prétj`is ci (isilis m omcjtiëàh) jlcj`icis piri mqujnjerir h tmr`mjrh `aigri, qumEjhpsj`hnhkji tmo hs Vrjtts (prhpmlsàh psïquj`i) ch omch, `jòom, omnil`hnji, mt`.  Ipðs uo pmrïhch `ho mssm tritiomlth sjstmoétj`h, mni lhs rmvmni qum bé làh tmo is `rjsms cm pålj`h7 mxprmssi inmkrji, ehi cjsphsjëàh, cmsprmlcjomlth m `hrikmo  piri mlfrmltir smus prhenmois `htjcjilhs. (irqujvhs chs iuthrms). Issjo, mo smu ir`iehuëh tmðrj`h, Pusil Ilcrmws pirtm ch prjl`ïpjh cm qum i auoiljcicm msté vjvmlch uo ohomlth cm krilcm `ihs, cmfmlcmlch qum h jopêrjh ci vjhnâl`ji cmsmlfrmici lhs iomcrhlti cmjxilch-lhs jltjojcichs cjiltm ch oulch hlcm mstiohs. Tirinmniomltm, uo krilcm ilsmjh cm mspjrjtuinjcicm jlvicm i inoi ch ahomo. ]oi lm`mssjcicm cm supmriëàh m cm trils`mlcâl`ji h jopmnm piri h ms`ipm itrivês cis crhkis m hutrhs cmsvjhs, hu  piri is rmnjkjýms. Is prjomjris frustrio mssi eus`i m cmjxio uo sinch lmkitjvh li siòcm, m i smkulci ms`ipitðrji oujtis vmzms làh itmlcm ihs ilmnhs oijs prhfulchs. Is ispjriëýms oijs ïltjois cm `hlmxàh `ho i vmrcicmjri mssâl`ji2 h Pmr mspjrjtuin  ‐   moiliëàh cjvjli qum biz

 

smpuntici mo sui cjomlsàh fïsj`i-oitmrjin ilsjilch phr cmsierh`air m `urir is chrms ci inoi. Mssis ispjriëýms làh sàh itmlcjcis i `hltmlth pmnis jlstjtujëýms rmnjkjhsis. Pmkulch i Ejhpsj`hnhkji, ê lm`mssérjh trilsfhroir h ir`iehuëh psj`h-moh`jhlin ch jlcjvïcuh, mxmr`jtir smu `ioph moh`jhlin, rmoilmbir suis mlmrkjis, mqujnjerir sui fjsjhnhkji sutjn piri qum mnm phssi cmsenhqumir sui mlmrkji iohrhsi, trilsoutir smus smltjomlths  ‐   4

airohljzilch h 3mspjrjtuin.  `aigri `aigri   ‐  ‐  „ierjlch smu `hriëàh‟, phjs ê h IOHU i òlj`i vji cjrmti cm i`mssh i lhssi cjomlsàh Mnjili Emrthnu``j (9::9), chuthri pmni Phrehllm, psj`ðnhki trilspmsshin, finilch i`mr`i ci iemrturi ch `aigri `aigri  `ircïi`h, `homlti lh smu lhtévmn njvrh „Tsj`hnhkji ch Pikrich‟2 „H Srieinah `ho h `aigri `ircïi`h tmo mspm`jin jophrtål`ji, phjs lmnm msté   i eism, h suphrtm piri qum is mohëýms m smltjomlths phssio oucir suis quinjcicms, iuomltilch is njkiëýms phsjtjvis ch jlcjvïcuh `ho h oulch, ml`hribilch i sui  siïci chs njojtms mkðj`hs‟ (p.9=5)  (p.9=5)  Mssm mlfhqum `ho hs `aigris `aigris,, eismji-sm eismji-sm lh Siltri Zhki (I‚`irji, (I‚`irji, 5444e), smkujlch hs mlsjliomlths ch jhkum Parjj Parjj Ililcioòrtj qum mlfitjzio, shermtuch, h „@aigri „ @aigri   ch `hriëàh‟`hoh uo chs phlths `aivms li Ejhpsj`hnhkji cmsmlvhnvjci phr mnm m mlsjlici phr Pusil Ilcrmws. Mssm `aigri sm cmsti`i `hoh i inivil`i qum cjliojzi i omtiohrfhsm auoili.  Li `hlstruëàh ch smu trieinah sjstmoitjzilch i Ejhpsj`hnhkji, mni cmsmlvhnvm uoi jltmr`hlmxàh krupin mo qum is pmsshis sàh trmjlicis lh iprjohriomlth ci rmniëàh jltmrpmsshin vjsilch i trils`mlcâl`ji cm smus jopunshs prjoérjhs. Mssi vjsàh cm iëàh krupin cmvm-sm ih fith cm làh mstirohs oijs mo tmophs cm jlvmstjr ipmlis li jlcjvjcuinjcicm ch submjth, li mspjrjtuinjziëàh pmsshin, ois sjo, itjlkjr thci uoi `hnmtjvjcicm, fivhrm`mlch h cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji knhein `hlm`tici `ho h `hriëàh knhein, prhohvmlch oucilëi ci auoiljcicm lh prh`mssh cm sh`jinjziëàh mspjrjtuinjzici. Msti ê uoi fhroi  prmchojliltmomltm usici phr Pusil Ilcrmws. Ilcrmws.

 

 

@ITÏS]NH JV

H TPJ@HSMUITM]SI SUILPTMPPHIN

 Ohstri-om tui nuojlhsi nuojlhsi fi`m  Cms`m cmstm iltjkh pmcmstin pmcmstin Hlcm mstés jl`ðnuom! Sui cjstål`ji ivmrlin Hlcm h cm eijxh làh itjlkm H`unti tui frikjnjcicm jlitjlkïvmn  Ifistilch-tm ci chr chr m ch oin @hoh `amkirés ih Puprmoh smo om nmvir `hltjkh8  Msqum`ms qum h pmqumlh inombi inombi h KUILCM!  M piri `amkir i MNM tu ês i phltm @hoh itjlkj-nh sm i phltm ê cjstiltm8  Mstmlcm-om tui oàh, smo omch omch  Iopiri-om li smlci mjvici mjvici cm chr!  Bioijs vhu oi`unir tui fi`m PIKUICI  M smoprm tmrés `hltjkh h omu omu IOHU Pmkuri ojlai oàh m `hlcuz-om `hoh i uoi `rjilëi pmrcjci lh cmsmrth  Nmvi-om cm vhnti ä `isi ch TIJ TIJ Phzjlai lmsti vmrmci ms`uri vhu pmrcmr-om phr `iojlahs  pmr`hrrjchs Pm om rm`hlam`ms cm tilths tmophs jchs  Làh om ieilchlms mo tioilai tioilai shnjcàh Yuilch, phr tj, mu `amkir i MNM  Ms`utirés h PHO ch Mnjêkm omu inich omu `hriëàh! Erilcàh

Mstm `ipïtunh iehrciré luo prjomjrh ohomlth h trjpê fhroichr cm uo tmripmuti trilspmsshin, smlch cich cmstiqum ä tmhrji, i supmrvjsàh m ih trieinah trilspmsshin. I smkujr, h „pipmn‟ ch tmripmuti smré cmnjlmich `ho h hebmtjvh cm fivhrm`mr fivhrm`mr uoi omnahr `hoprmmlsàh cm sui ituiëàh m cm suis rmpmr`ussýms êtj`is.

3.9. H trjpê fhroichr2 tmhrji, supmrvjsàh mxpmrjml`jin m trieinah trilspmsshin. 36 

36

 Hs frikomlths cm `ishs iprmsmltichs lmsti smëàh fhrio `hnajchs curiltm hs kruphs cm Mspm`jinjziëàh mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, Um`jfm, TM, smlch is iciptiëýms, `ho vjstis i prmsmrvir i jcmltjcicm chs

 pirtj`jpiltms,, ci jltmjri rmsphlsiejnjcicm chs iuthrms.  pirtj`jpiltms iuthrms.

 

  Lh qum cjz rmspmjth ä ilénjsm ch trjpê fhroichr `jtich, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin sukmrm qum h iprmlcmltm mxpmrjml`jm, vjvml`jm h fmlóomlh mo sj omsoh, mlquilth submjth iprmlcmltm, cm fhroi qum h vjvml`jilch phssi mniehrir uo siemr qum vij inêo ch `hkljtjvh, làh cms`irtilch, ê `nirh, i sjstmoitjziëàh ch `hlam`jomlth, `hlfhrom mxjkm i omthchnhkji `jmltïfj`i. fhroitjvh, i jltmkriëàh chslhs trâsomjhs mnmomlths ê eus`ici `hlstiltmomltm cm fhroi  Lh i làhprh`mssh sm mstjounir cjvjsýms, tàh prmsmltms fhroitjvhs, qum hri hs`jnio mo uo lïvmn mojlmltmomltm tmðrj`h, hri thrlio-sm thrlio-sm „prétj`hs‟, hu omnahr, cmstjtuïchs cmstjt uïchs cm rmfnmxýms, hu uo sjopnms „purh fizmr‟.  fizmr‟.  I sjopnms `hlstruëàh cm uo siemr mo rmniëàh ä `hlstruëàh cm uo siemr fizmr li Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin pissi pmni ohcjfj`iëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji ch iprmlcjz, i pirtjr ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth hu smlsjejnjziëàh cis mstruturis ch lïvmn trilspmsshin. Pmo h ipirm`jomlth cm fhrois cm pmlsir, smltjr m ikjr trilspmsshijs, i fhroiëàh làh phcm smr `hlsjcmrici mfmtjvi, phjs i i`uouniëàh cm `hltmòchs làh kiriltm h PMU, lmo sustmlti uo fizmr `hmrmltm lmsti iehrcikmo. Mo òntjoi jlstål`ji, i fhroiëàh cm uo tmripmuti trilspmsshin ê vjsti `hoh uo `hltïluh  prh`mssh cm cmscheriomlth cis mstruturis cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji, cm fhroi qum omsoh tmlch i tmhrji, i supmrvjsàh m h trieinah trilspmsshin iuthrjzich h tmripmuti i cir jlï`jh i sui fulëàh cm @]JCICHU, h prh`mssh fhroitjvh `hltjlui rmqumrmlch ch tmripmuti uo `hoprhojssh cjrmth m pmroilmltm `ho i iopnjiëàh cm sui prðprji `hls`jâl`ji. H `hoprhojssh êtj`h ch tmripmuti trilspmsshin cmoilci uoi eus`i `hlstiltm ci mssâl`ji ch PMU, uo qumstjhliomlth pmroilmltm, jlstjkiltm m cmsifjiltm cm suis `hlstruëýms jcmltjtérjis, cm fhroi i jopunsjhlé-nh ruoh i lïvmjs oijs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji.

3.9.9. I tmhrji trilspmsshin Mo Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin, shnj`jti-sm qum h tmripmuti-iprmcmltm vjvml`jm mstichs cm „`hls`jâl`ji trilspmsshin‟, `ho h hebmtjvh cm fi`jnjtir i trils`mlcâl`ji ch mkh, ih omsoh tmoph mo qum sm eus`i smlsjejnjzé-nh piri is pmr`mpëýms cm uoi jomlsi kioi cm phssjejnjcicms inêo ch lïvmn pmsshin. Msti smlsjejnjziëàh vjsi rhopmr `ho i jnustriëàh jltmnm`tuin (ri`jhlinjziëàh), qum rmfhrëi is cmfmsis ch mkh m jl`utm li omltm ch tmripmuti-iprmcmltm uoi sêrjm cm prm`hl`mjths. H prmssuphsth cm `hlstruëàh ch siemr i pirtjr ch trieinah trilspmsshin ê fulciomltin li mniehriëàh ch `hrph tmðrj`h trilspmsshin, cm fhroi qum `ici tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm ê vjsth `hoh uo pmsqujsichr mo phtml`jin, smlch sui mxpmrjâl`ji fulciomltin li mniehriëàh cm lhvis fhrois cm pmlsir. I tmhrji sð tmo smltjch quilch ml`irli mxpmrml`jinomltm lh tmripmutiiprmlcmltm fizmlch pirtm itjvi cm sui mstruturi cm `hls`jâl`ji.  Lmstm phlth, ph lth, tmohs uoi jlvmrsàh llhh trjpê fhroichr qum, li `unturi h`jcmltin, h `jcmltin, sm cmtêo oijs lhs ispm`ths tmðrj`hs `ho i jnusàh cm qum ê h i`òounh cm `hltmòchs h fithr rmsphlsévmn  pmni iprmlcjzikmo. I tmhrji mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin untripissi h ispm`th ch `hltmòch,  eus`ilch itjlkjr is mstruturis qum h hrkiljzio. Trhpj`jir h i`mssh `rms`mltm i lhvis fhrois cm `hlstruëàh ch siemr ê h cmsifjh oijhr lh prh`mssh cm fhroiëàh mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. ]oi iprmlcjzikmo „mxpmrjml`jin‟, ipmsir ch „`irétmr lhêtj`h‟ issjlinich phr Sirt, ipuc

[mjn (9::4, p.9;), tmo i viltikmo cm pmrojtjr ih iprmlcjz i `hlstruëàh itjvi cm smu `hlam`jomlth cm fhroi qum mnm sm thrli rmsphlsévmn, submjth ch smu siemr.

 

  I iëàh fhroichri fiz ush ci psj`htmripji (trieinah trilspmsshin) `hoh mnmomlth fhrlm`mchr cm mnmomlths qum smràh pmr`mejchs m jltmkrichs, sjountilmiomltm, cm fhroi i sm  phcmr `hlstrujr uo `hrph cm `hlam`jomlth7 `hrph mstm làh mstétj`h mstétj`h m qum triz i oir`i ch submjth `hlstruthr. Làh sm `hl`mem h `hrph tmðrj`h trilspmsshin smo h smu `hlstruthr, mnms sàh jltmrcmpmlcmltms. Aé uoi jomlsi cm `hlstru`ths tmðrj`hs mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ibucio li fhroiëàh tmðrj`i cm kioi uo tmripmuti, smkulch [jnemr (5449i) mxjstmo pmnh qum omlhs `jl`h iehrcikmls prjl`jpijs mspm`jinomltm jlfnumltms2 tmhrji cm sjstmois, mstichs intmrichs (iopnjichs hu cjstjlths) cm `hls`jâl`ji, h ohcmnh ahnhtrðpj`h cm Krhf, cjvmrsis fhrois cm psj`hnhkji  bulkujili m h mspm`trh hu iehrcikmo jltmkrin. I`rms`mltm-sm i mstis, i jlfnuâl`ji trizjci phr tmripmutis `ho fhroiëàh psj`ilinïtj`i m auoilïstj`i cjvmrsis. @hltuch, ipmsir cm [jnemr (5449i) ifjroir qum smu „ohcmnh jltmkrin jl`hrphri hs ispm`ths mssml`jijs chs hutrhs ohcmnhs, ois tioeêo qum mnm jl`nuj oujtis érmis sjkljfj`itjvis jklhricis pmnhs hutrhs  ‐   m, issjo, phcm rmsphlcmr phr uoi quiltjcicm `hlsjcmrivmnomltm oijhr cm pmsqujsi m mvjcâl`ji‟ (p. 953), 953) , lh lhssh mltmlcmr, quilth oijs iopnh fhr h i`mssh chs tmripmutis-iprmlcmltms äs cjvmrsis tmhrjis, oijs ierilkmltms smràh suis phssjejnjcicms cm jltmrvmlëàh7 m quilth oijhr fhr i vjsàh, oijhrms `ail`ms tmrmohs cm lhs thrlirohs auojncms, cm pmr`memrohs h quilth tmohs i iprmlcmr.  Làh lmkiohs qum uoi vjsàh iopni chs quitrh quicriltms ch Ghsohs, `hlfhrom cms`rjti  phr [jnemr (5449e), phcmrji hfmrm`mr uo ohcmnh cm vjsàh jltmkritjvi ci tmhrji trilspmsshin, fivhrm`mlch h rhopjomlth ch m`nmtjsoh m cilch eism ä ohltikmo cm uo ohcmnh tmðrj`h `hmrmltm7 `hltuch, h `irétmr cm iemrturi ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hnh`i i lm`mssjcicm cm làh lhs fjxirohs, cm làh trilsfhroirohs tmhrjis-oipis mo ohcmnhs-`iojlahs rïkjchs i smrmo smkujchs. Ilinjsilch i hrkiljziëàh ci tmhrji trilspmsshin, Pincilai (9::;) prhpým qum mni mstirji cjvjcjci mo chjs ispm`ths eésj`hs2 hs mstruturijs m hs cjlåoj`hs. 9.  H ispm`th mstruturin ê `hlsjcmrich h mjxh lhrtmichr ci tmhrji, smlch fhroich  pmnh `hlbulth cm `jl`h mnmomlths fulciomltijs piri `iri`tmrjzir uo pmlsir trilspmsshin. Hs `hl`mjths cm uljcicm, vjci, mkh, mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji m `irthkrifji ci `hls`jâl`ji sàh cmscherichs pmni iuthri `hoh phlths fulciomltijs piri fhroiëàh ch tmripmuti. 5.  Hs ispm`ths cjlåoj`hs suecjvjcmo-sm mo chjs mjxhs2 mxpmrjml`jin m mvhnutjvh m pmrojtmo i ohvjomltiëàh ci tmhrji, hu smbi, nam càh vjci. Hutri fhroi cm `hoprmmlcmrohs i tmhrji trilspmsshin smrji iprmsmltilch-i `ho i omtéfhri cm uo prêcjh ahnhkréfj`h hu oilcénj`h, hlcm suis pirtms mstirjio jltmrcmpmlcmltmomltm `hlm`ticis. I vjsàh ahnhkréfj`i hu oilcénj`i ch mcjfï`jh trilspmsshin jl`nuj lh iprmlcmltm uo  pnus  pnus inêo  inêo ch mlsjlich, sàh, phjs, `hoh lò`nmhs jltmr`hlm`tichs qum lm`mssjtio jlj`jinomltm cm uo phlth piri h `homëh, ois qum sm jltmr`hlm`tio cm ohch qum uo lò`nmh (pirtm hu ilcir) injomlti m ibuciré h hutrh ih tmoph mo qum jl`nuj i kmriëàh cm uo omsoh `ioph, iopnjilch `hlmxýms cm uo m cm hutrh lò`nmh prðxjoh. Mssi joikmo sm prhpiki `hoh uoi pmcri itjrici luo nikh cm ékuis piricis, hs `ïr`unhs jltmrnjkichs lul`i sàh prhphr`jhlinomltm jkuijs piri hs iprmlcjzms, aé smoprm uo  pnus  pnus   qum thrli `ici `hlstruëàh pm`unjir omsoh sm tritilch chs fulciomlths hu omthchnhkjis hu

tê`lj`is jkuijs, phrqum sm mxprmssio cjfmrmltmomltm mo `ici ikmltm cm fhroiëàh  ‐  h  h hebmth sð h ê `hoh tin i omcjci qum h submjth qum h vâ issjo h rm`hlam`m.

 

I joikmo ch mcjfï`jh ahnhkréfj`h hu oilcénj`h rhopm `ho i vjsàh mstétj`i cm uo mcjfï`jh qum itmlcm i uo piricjkoi cm mstruturiëàh, phjs sui liturmzi cjlåoj`i jlcj`i ohvjomlth cm `hlstiltm jl`nusàh, itmlcmlch i uo piricjkoi cm `hlstruëàh. Tiri i jcêji cm uo mcjfï`jh `hlvml`jhlin aé uo pmr`ursh i smr pmr`hrrjch ci eism ih thph. Tiri i jcêji ch mcjfï`jh ahnhkréfj`h, i `hlstruëàh sm fiz pmnis `hlmxýms mstiemnm`jcis jlfjljtiomltm (làh sm mskhti lh tmnaich hu lii eism). I rm`hlstruëàh ch mcjfï`jh `hlvml`jhlin fiz rmhrkiljziëàh pmnh cmsohrhliomlth hu cmstrujëàh7 rm`hlstruëàh ch mcjfï`jh oilcénj`h sm fiz sm pmni (sjstâoj`i, ahnhkréfj`i) luo ohvjomlth qum nmoeri uo `inmjchs`ðpjh  ‐   puri `hlmxàh. ]oi joikmo iprhxjoici ch mcjfï`jh ahnhkréfj`h hu oilcénj`h phcm smr pmr`mejci lh cmsmlah smkujltm2

SÊ@LJ@IP OMSHCHNHKJIP @IUSHKUIFJIP CI

9. Intmrichris hu trils`mlcmltms. 5. Puphrtitjvis hu joilmltms. 0. Jltmkritjvis hu ojstis. Cms`rjtjvi, mxpmrjomltin, mxpmrjml`jin, `nïlj`i, mspm`unitjvi. H mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji cm [jnemr7 h ohcmnh

@HLP@JÂL@JI H] SMHUJIP CI ahnhtrðpj`h cm Krhf m i fnhr cm nðtus cm [hhnkmr. „TMUPHLINJCICM‟  „TMUPHLINJCICM‟   SMHUJIP CH H prhbmth itoil m trilsfhroiëýms ci `hls`jâlji CMPMLVHNVJOMLSH cm [jnemr. F]LCIOMLSHP FJNHPÐFJ@HP M Fjnhshfji Tmrmlm7 Fmlhomlhnhkji, Ahnjsoh m TUMPP]THPSHP h Auoiljsoh.  Li eism ch mcjfï`jh ahnhkréfj`h tmohs hs fulciomlths fjnhsðfj`hs m hs prmssuphsths qum sustmltio i iehrcikmo m càh rmspinch piri is `hlstruëýms cis vjsýms cm ahomo, oulch m vjci.  Lmstm phlth i Fjnhshfji Tmrmlm ([jnemr, 5449i) ipirm`m `hoh `h oh lhrtmichri `mltrin, rmskitilch is  prjl`jpijs `hltrjeujëýms ch pmlsiomlth hrjmltin m h`jcmltin mo uo ieriëh jltmkrin. Ijlci lh inj`mr`m ch mcjfï`jh ahnhkréfj ahnhkréfj`h `h trilspmssshin, phcmohs ml`hltrir h iphjh ci Fmlhomlhnhkji, cm Aussmrnch(9:6=, 9:6;, (Oisnhw, 9:16, 9:;4) m Omrnmiu-Thlty jlfnuâl`ji auoiljsoh 9:63) m ch ahnjsoh. (9:;9, 9:;0), emo `hoh uoi iopni H `hrph ch mcjfï`jh ahnhkréfj`h trilspmsshin ml`hltri-sm cjvjcjch mo trâs pirtms2 tmhrjis ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth, cmsmlvhnvjomlth, `irthkrifjis ci `hls`jâl`ji hu tmhrjis ci „pmrshlinjcicm‟ m is omthchnhkjis, m hfmrm`mo suesïcjhs piri `hoprmmlsàh ch ful`jhliomlth psïquj`h, emo `hoh iphltio `iojlahs piri jlvmstjké-nh. i)  Smhrjis ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth2 uo chs prjl`jpijs ohcmnhs cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth trilspmsshin fhj iprmsmltich jlj`jinomltm `ho h „Trhbmth Itoil‟ phr [jnemr (9:::e, 5445), m ml`hltri-sm rmsuojch lh jtmo 9.0.0.5. lmstm njvrh. Mstm iuthr cmscheri phstmrjhromltm suis @hls`jâl`ji. rmfnmxýms sherm h cmsmlvhnvjomlth auoilh mo smu njvrh Srisfhroiëýms ci @hls`jâl`ji. e) Is `irthkrifjis ci `hls`jâl`ji hu tmhrjis ci „pmrshlinjcicm‟2  is `irthkrifjis oijs jlfnumltms phcmo smr ml`hltricis mo [jnemr (9:::i, 9:::e, 5449i, 5445), Krhf (9:1:, 9::3, 9::;,9.0.0 5444), Issikjhnj jtmo cmstm trieinah.(9::5), [hhnkmr (9::3). Mnis ml`hltrio-sm ermvmomltm rmsuojcis lh

 

  `) Is omthchnhkjis2 `hlfhrom iphlti [mjn (9::=), ch phlth cm vjsti omthchnðkj`h i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin ê ahnïstj`i, hu smbi, prh`uri jltmkrir làh ipmlis hs `hlam`jomlths rmni`jhlicis i psj`hnhkji prhprjiomltm cjti, ois ierm uo nmqum cm `hltith `ho is hutris `jâl`jis, fjnhshfjis m tricjëýms7 cm fhroi qum phcm issuojr oêthchs cms`rjtjvhs, mxpmrjomltijs, mxpmrml`jijs, `nïlj`hs m mspm`unitjvhs mo suis pmsqujsis. p msqujsis. Cmltrh ci pmrspm`tjvi [jnemr (5449i, 5449`) phcm-sm cjzmrmqum is pmsqujsis mo  psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin phcmo cm ieir` ieir`ir ir oêthchs ohlhnðkj`hs, cjinðkj`hs trilsnðkj`hs. Mstm iuthr issh`ji h oêthch ohlhnðkj`h ih „hnah ci `irlm m ihs cichs fhrlm`jchs pmnhs smltjchs auoilhs hu suis mxtmlsýms jlstruomltijs‟ (5449`, p.0=). Iquj aé uo ohlðnhkh, hu smbi, h `jmltjsti ms`hnam uo hebmth cm pmsqujsi `ho h quin làh ê lm`mssérjh `hlvmrsir, `hoh phr mxmopnh, i ilénjsm cis sjlipsms `mrmerijs m chs lmurhtrilsojsshrms mlvhnvjchs lhs mstichs intmrichs cm `hls`jâl`ji i pirtjr cm omcjcis lmurhquïoj`is m ipirmnahs cm ohljthriomlth `mrmerin. Nhkh, submjth m hebmth ml`hltrio-sm mo phnirjcicms cjstjltis. Hs oêthchs cjinðkj`hs hu i omtéfhri ch „hnah ci omltm‟ mlvhnvmo i lm`mssjcicm cm cjénhkh m jsth sð ê phssïvmn pmni jltrhcuëàh ci pmr`mpëàh ch hutrh `hoh submjth, cm fhroi qum,  piri h ivilëh ci pmsqujsi, sàh rmqumrjchs i amromlâutj`i, lh smltjch iopnh m rmstrjth, hs sjkljfj`ichs sjoeðnj`hs m h mltmlcjomlth oòtuh. Lmssm smltjch, submjth m hebmth sm `houlj`io  phr vji cmfjljci m mspm`ïfj`i. Hs oêthchs trilsnðkj`hs hu làh cuijs vàh inêo chs „hnahs ci `irlm‟ (m cm smu mopjrjsoh ohlhnðkj`h) mstuci-sm mstuci-sm tioeêo inêo chs „hnahs ci omltm‟ (m sui jltmrprmtiëàh cjinðkj`i), ierjlch-sm piri hs lïvmjs trilspmsshijs m rmqumrmlch uoi iehrcikmo `hltmopnitjvi. H qum mqujvinm cjzmr qum submjth m hebmth jltmrikmo rm`jprh`iomltm mo issh`jiëýms ountjfi`mticis. Is tê`lj`is hu jltmrvmlëýms mo psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin cjvjcmo-sm mo trâs lïvmjs m h`upio h tmth ch mcjfï`jh ahnhkréfj`h trilspmsshin, hu smbi, cm`hrrmo cm uo prh`mssh cm jltmr`åoejh cjlåoj`h m jltmrcmpmlcmltm cis pirtms iltmrjhrms ch prêcjh cm fhroi qum, utjnjzé-nis smo msti pmrspm`tjvi, smrji outjnir sui vjsàh ahnïstj`i m jltmkritjvi. i)  Is tê`lj`is intmrichris hu trils`mlcmltms ci `hls`jâl`ji2 i omtéfhri lmsti tê`lj`i ê nmvir i pmsshi ih thph ci ohltilai, pmrojtjlch uo i`mssh répjch m cjrmth `ho i vjsàh jnjojtici ch inth, ciï smr tioeêo cmlhojlici cm trils`mlcmltm. Is tê`lj`is lmstm lïvmn  phcmo smr `hlsjcmricis she chjs phlths eésj`hs2 cm uo nich äqumnis mo qum i prðprji  pmsshi sm `hnh`i `hoh submjth cm itjviëàh cm uo mstich cjfmrml`jich ci `hls`jâl`ji, `jtiohs `hoh mxmopnh i ajpmrvmltjniëàh, i `hl`mltriëàh ajpmrfh`injzici, i rmpmtjëàh cm shls (`ho hu smo ohvjomlth), hs bhkhs `ho fhrois m `hrms7 cm hutrh nich, tmohs is tê`lj`is qum lm`mssjtio ci jltmrvmlëàh cm uo ikmltm cm itjviëàh piri inêo ch submjth qum mxpmrjomlti h mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji intmrich, sàh mxmopnhs, is tê`lj`is qum sm  eismjio li ajplhsm `néssj`i, li prjviëàh ch shlh, lhs cjénhkhs cm itjviëàh omltin, li rmpmtjëàh mspmnaici cm ohvjomlths, lis pmsqujsis niehrithrjijs. I intmriëàh cm `hls`jâl`ji h`hrrm ipirmltmomltm piri h submjth qum i mxpmrjomlti luo omsoh lïvmn cm jltmlsjcicm, mltrmtilth, smkulch is pmsqujsis `hlsmrlmltms ä `hlfjkuriëàh ch `jr`ujth mlmrkêtj`h, aé uoi cjfmrml`jiëàh ch punsh mlmrkêtj`h cm uoi m cm hutri fhroi. Mssi virjiëàh `hlsti mo cjfmrmltms mstuchs `hoh cmfmlcm Ptilnmy Grjplmr mo suis pmsqujsis

sherm trils`houlj`iëàh psïquj`i, `ubhs rmkjstrhs jltrhcutðrjhs phcmohs ml`hltrir lh njvrh mo qum cjvjcm sui iuthrji `ho Tjmrrm [mjn (5440). I omti ê fivhrm`mr uoi

 

suspmlsàh cis cmfmsis ch mkh, cm fhroi qum mstm fjqum jophssjejnjtich cm `hltrhnir is mxpmrjâl`jis cm mxpilsàh fivhrm`mlch issjo i suejci ih thph ci ohltilai.  e)  Is tê`lj`is suphrtitjvis hu joilmltms2 i omtéfhri ê h hphsth ci suejci ih pj`h ci ohltilai, i jcêji ê trizmr cm vhnti piri h iquj-m-ikhri mxpmrml`jin, `hnh`ilch i pmsshi mo jltmlsh h `aàh, ciï cm tioeêo cmlhojlicitê`lj`is cm joilmltm. Is tê`lj`is oijs`hltith utjnjzicis sàh `ho is jltmrvmlëýms iphjh smr m fjsjhnðkj`is, cm `hlstruëàh cm mstruturi, cm rmvmniëàh, cm ilénjsm cm  s`rjp  s`rjp   `hkljtjvh, cm jltrhspm`ëàh m tmripji mxjstml`jin. Mnis vjsio i `hlstruëàh, rm`hlstruëàh hu h iphjh ch mkh. `)  Is tê`lj`is jltmkritjvis hu ojstis2   i omtéfhri ê hpmrir `ho h `iojlah ch omjh, h `iojlah ch `hriëàh7 làh sm cmsnuoerilch `ho is bhrlicis ih thph ci ohltilai m lmo sm prmlcmlch rjkjciomltm i pnilï`jm. Is prjl`jpijs tê`lj`is utjnjzicis sàh i rmspjriëàh ahnhtrðpj`i, ohrtm m rmlis`jomlth ch mkh, shlah `itértj`h cjurlh, tê`lj`is hrjulcis cis mxpmrjâl`jis `hltmopnitjvis, ajplhsm mrj`gshljili, is bhrlicis cm filtisji, m vjsio iopnjir i `hls`jâl`ji piri h i`mssh i lïvmjs supmrjhrms m jltmkré-nhs `ho hs lïvmjs  eésj`hs. Mstis tê`lj`is `hopirtjnaio mltrm sj i jcêji cm qum i iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji ê h mjxh `mltrin ch prh`mssh cm trilsfhroiëàh, smbi prhpj`jilch mxpmrjâl`jis cm „pj`h‟ (intmrichris), smbi vji prh`msshs kricitjvhs cm jcmltjfj`iëýms, cmsjcmltjfj`iëýms m lhvis jcmltjfj`iëýms m cmsjcmltjfj`iëýms (suphrtitjvis), hu oms`nilch mstms chjs prh`msshs mo uo ohvjomlth mspjrin `hltïluh (jltmkritjvis). @hoh `hlstruëýms ajstðrj`h-tmophrijs, is tmhrjis mstàh submjtis i jlòomris trilsfhroiëýms, `iemlch ih tmripmuti, pirtjlch cm uoi vjsàh ci fjnhshfji pmrmlm, ms`hnamr iqumnm ohcmnh qum omnahr mxprmssm smu mstjnh m pmr`mpëàh ci mxiti omcjci ci lm`mssjcicm ch `njmltm, rm`hlam`mlch hs njojtms m eus`ilch iopnjé-nhs itrivês ci trilsfhroiëàh cm sui `hls`jâl`ji. Lmstm phlth, h mstékjh cm iprmlcjzikmo bulth i tmripmutis oijs mxpmrjmltms phcm inirkir sui vjsàh, `hoh vmrmohs i smkujr.

3.9.5. I Pupmrvjsàh Mxpmrjml`jin I supmrvjsàh cm uoi fhroi kmrin `hlstjtuj lm`mssjcicm jlcjspmlsévmn li fhroiëàh cm quinqumr psj`htmripmuti, phjs fivhrm`m h prh`mssh cm iprmlcjzikmo cm lhvis aiejnjcicms, lm`mssérjis ih mxmr`ï`jh ci prhfjssàh, emo `hoh hfmrm`m uo mspiëh cm trh`is m cm mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji.  Lmssm smltjch, i iëàh i`hopilai i fhroiëàh prhfjssjhlin mo psj`htmripji trilspmsshin. Pmkulch h ohcmnh cm Nêh Oiths 3;, iciptich pmnhs iuthrms, „ê vjsti `hoh i `ipi`jcicm cm vjsàh  pilhrioj`iomltm ierilkmltm m `niri cm uo `mrth prh`mssh. Mo tmripji ê, mltàh, i iëàh qum rmvjsi m fi`jnjti ih tmripmuti i`mnmrir m cmsenhqumir h prh`mssh tmripâutj`h piri oijs ripjciomltm ibucir h pi`jmltm i sm njemrir cm smu shfrjomlth‟.  shfrjomlth‟.   Cmlhojlici cm P]TMUVJPÀH MQTMUJML@JIN, pmnhs iuthrms, mstjouni h tmripmutiiprmlcmltm i omrkunair lhs phlths qum jopmcmo hu mltrivio sui rmniëàh `ho h pi`jmltm,

3;

 Oiths, Nêh. (oïomh) „Pupmrvjsàh‟ m „H kumrrmjrh, h phcmr m i piz‟.  piz‟.  

 

fmlóomlh mstm `hlam`jch phr rmsjstâl`ji 31. Lmstm smltjch, h supmrvjshr, usilch ch oêthch mxpmrjml`jin, `jr`uni luo nukir qum tioeêo ê h ch tmripmuti, ih omsoh tmoph mo qum iuxjnji h iprmlcmltm i cms/`hlstruëàh cm uo jltujr/smltjr/hnair/ms`utir/finir mo rmniëàh ih pi`jmltm, ä nuz ci iehrcikmo trilspmsshin.  Lmstm ohcmnh cm supmrvjsàh, i `hlstruëàh ch `hlam`jomlth fi`jnjtich pmnh supmrvjshr  bulth ih tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm cé-smi rmnitir cmltrh vmreinomltm cm uo `hltmxth mxpmrml`jin, hu smbi`ho h tmripmutiiprmlcmltm ê `hlvjcich làh ipmlis h `ish m sui cjfj`uncicm h `njmltm, ois i vjvml`jé-nh, cm fhroi qum phssi `nirjfj`ir quin h prhenmoi qum msté jopmcjlch h ilciomlth ch prh`mssh. Iquj h supmrvjshr fiz ush chs rm`urshs tê`lj`hs ci trilspmsshin smo, `hltuch, pmrcmr cm vjsti h `irétmr pmcikðkj`h ci mxpmrjâl`ji. Is mxpmrjâl`jis mo supmrvjsàh vjsio `nirjfj`ir h prhenmoi ch tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm li rmniëàh `ho hs `njmltms. Lh mltilth, msti mxpmrjâl`ji ê trilsfhroici, eus`ilch inirkir i vjsàh ch iprmlcjz, smo smr cms`irtich hs mfmjths tmripâutj`hs cmssis mxpmrjâl`jis, phjs i rmsjstâl`ji ê  pmr`mejci `hoh uoi fjxiëàh mo inkuoi érmi rmstrjti m `hltriïci ch mkh ch tmripmuti. Cm fhroi qum i iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji ê iphltici `hoh rm`ursh `uritjvh lmstm prh`mssh. I smkujr, iprmsmltirmohs uo mxmopnh cm `hoh sm prh`mssi uoi supmrvjsàh mxpmrjml`jin. ]o tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm triz piri h mspiëh ci supmrvjsàh i cjfj`uncicm qum msté smltjlch mo rmniëàh i uo pi`jmltm. H supmrvjshr-iprmlcmltm shnj`jti qum h omsoh issuoi h  pipmn cmstm pi`jmltm, `hnh`ilch ‑suis cjfj`uncicms‚, mlquilth mlquilth mstm issuojré h pipmn ch tmripmuti. (Pupmrvjshr-Iprmlcmltm) - Yuin h smu prhenmoi8 H qum vh`â cmsmbi cm ojo8 (Smripmuti-Iprmlcmltm9) - Mu msthu itmlcmlch uoi pi`jmltm qum ê hesmssjvi `hopunsjvi. Mni ê oujth rïkjci m mu làh smj h qum fizmr8 (P-I) - @hoh ê smr hesmssjvi-`hopunsjvi8! (S-I9) - Ê issjo2 mni tmo rjtuijs mxtrmoiomltm rïkjchs. Lici qum mu fiëh cé `mrth. (P-I) - Mltàh vh`â phcmrji fizmr h pipmn cmsti pi`jmltm, `ho mssi `hjsi hessmssjvi`hopunsjvi m mu fiëh h pipmn ch tmripmuti. Vh`â qumr fizmr jsth hu làh8 (S-I9) - Yumrh. (P-I) - Mltàh, vh`â ikhri cé uo lhom piri msti pi`jmltm m issuom h smu pipmn. (S-I9) - Omu lhom ê Oirji. M mu msthu fizmlch mstm tritiomlth phrqum i psjqujitri oilchu. (P-I) ‐  (P-I)  ‐  Ê,  Ê, Oirji, cmvm smr oujth `aith vjr piri `é phrqum hs hutrhs oilcirio. (S-I9) - Ê, jl`hohci-om jsth. Ois vh`â ê thci `mrtjlai. Lul`i mrri. M vh`â smoprm  pmcm piri mu fizmr mstis `hjsis. Ikhri mu làh qumrh fizmr lmlauoi tê`lj`i oijs, làh. (P-I) - Làh tmo prhenmoi, lðs làh firmohs oijs lmlauoi tê`lj`i. 31

 Sricj`jhlinomltm h `hl`mjth cm rmsjstâl`ji rmfmrm-sm äs phssïvmjs prhbmëýms cm qumstýms pmsshijs (ispm`ths rmprjojchs m iprmsmltichs `hoh fhroi cm cmfmsi li rmniëàh tmripâutj`i). Cm uoi fhroi kmlêrj`i, i rmsjstâl`ji lh `njmltm cjz rmspmjth i rmsuntiltm cm fhrëis jltmrlis qum sm hpýmo ih tmripmuti hu ihs ispm`ths omthchnðkj`hs jlmrmltms ih prh`mssh tmripâutj`h. Thr hutrh nich, lh tmripmuti i rmsjstâl`ji tioeêo phcm oiljfmstir-smm itrivês cm uo mstich inkh `hlfush qum `hnh`i h prhfjssjhlin oiljfmstir-s prhfjssjhlin lh nukir cm rmbmjëàh mo rmniëàh ih `njmltm. @hlsjcmrici `hoh hesté`unh ä mx`mnâl`ji ch prh`mssh tmripâutj`h, i rmsjstâl`ji ä nuz ci tmhrji

frmucjili, cmscm hs tmophs pjhlmjrhs, ê `lsjcmrici `hoh jopmcjomlth tmripâutj`h m jlcj`i uoi mspê`jm cm iroicuri ch mkh, qum `amki i jltmrfmrjr lh `irétmr ä omcjci qum sjnml`ji is phssïvmjs rm`hrciëýms qum lm`mssjtio ci itjvjcicm cm njvrm issh`jiëàh m ci vmreinjziëàh ch `njmltm.

 

(S-I9) - Ois sm mu làh fjzmr, mu vhu fj`ir chjci, vmbi `hoh mu shu lmrvhsi. Mu ierh m fm`ah i phrti uois cmz vmzms. Vh`â qumr qum mu fjqum chmltm8 (P-I) - Vh`â qumr fj`ir chmltm8! (S-I9) - Làhhh!! (P-I) - M h qum vh`â fiz piri làh fj`ir chmltm8 (S-I9) `homëh fizmr hutris làh sð pmlsir li chmlëi. (P-I) - -MMu `hoh vh`â ismomxmr-om, smltm, làhipmlsilch oijs`hjsis sð liqum chmlëi8! (S-I) - Mu om sjlth emo. Ipðs inkuls ojluths cm vjvâl`ji ci tê`lj`i „Aht Pjt Srilspmsshin‟ (vmr `ip. V, lmstm njvrh) phcm-sm trh`ir hs pipêjs, cm fhroi qum h tmripmuti-iprmcmltm cmsipmkum-sm ch nh`in issuojch phr mnm lis rmniëýms `ho h pi`jmltm. Curiltm i ml`mliëàh, h supmrvjshr jcmltjfj`i-sm `ho h pipmn ch tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm, m jsth nam pmrojtjré ivinjir omnahr i sjtuiëàh, ih omsoh tmoph mo qum, làh sm fjxilch, mstjouni h tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm ih cmsipmkh m ä cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh. H fith cm rmvjvmr h `hlfnjth she hutrhs ålkunhs pmrojtm ih tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm nh`injzir mo sj i fhltm ch `hlfnjth (rmsjstâl`ji) qum msté jopmcjlch hu cjfj`untilch h cmsmlrhnir ci tmripji. Lh `ish ch mxmopnh i`joi, h qum mstivi mo fh`h mri h ipmkh ci tmripmuti ä „chmlëi‟ ci pi`jmltm, emo `hoh smu ipmkh ä `rmlëi cm qum hs rm`urshs tê`lj`hs i prhtmkmrjio ci „chmlëi‟ hu prmsmrvirjio i pi`jmltm cm uo mstich mstich chmltjh. Yuilch h tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm jcmltjfj`i i fhltm ch `hlfnjth, bultiomltm `ho h supmrvjshr, ê hfmrm`jci i hphrtuljcicm cm trieinair h `hlfnjth liqumnm mspiëh. Jsth nam  phssjejnjti iprmlcmr `ho i mxpmrjâl`ji ch supmrvjshr, ih omsoh tmoph mo qum mniehri m jltmkri smus prðprjhs `hlfnjths. Iquj tmohs uoi oir`i cjstjltjvi ci Pupmrvjsàh Mxpmrjml`jin mo Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin lh ohcmnh ichtich pmnhs iuthrms cmstm njvrh `ho nistrh lhs prjl`ïpjhs ichtichs phr Nêh Oiths, phjs h hfmrm`mr i hphrtuljcicm cm trieinair h `hlfnjth pým h supmrvjshr lh "nukir cm tmripmuti", smo, lh mltilth, mx`nujr i lm`mssjcicm cm uo tmripmuti `hoh ikmltm cm hrjmltiëàh piri cir `hltjlujcicm ä mxpnhriëàh `ho vjstis ä `uri ch `hlfnjth iehrcich. H mspiëh ci supmrvjsàh iopnji i nmjturi ch `hlfnjth, ierjlch lhvhs ålkunhs m hfmrm`mlch lhvis phssjejnjcicms cm `hoprmmlsàh. Thrêo, phr tmr uo ispm`th cjcétj`h m `mltrich oijs lh fh`h chs `hlfnjths ci rmniëàh tmripmuti-pi`jmltm, i supmrvjsàh làh mskhti hs `hlfnjths, `iemlch ih tmripmuti-iprmlcjz eus`ir uo mspiëh piri trieinaé-nhs, lh vjês ci fhroiëàh prhfjssjhlin lh qum tilkm ihs smus cmsifjhs pmsshijs. I lïvmn fmlhomlhnðkj`h, ipmsir cm `hlsjcmrir-sm hs ispm`ths trilsfmrml`jijs tricj`jhlijs  phssïvmjs cm momrkjrmo li rmniëàh tmripmuti-iprmlcjz m supmrvjshr, làh nam sàh cich âlfism, smlch mstms oilmbichs `hoh uoi prhbmëàh mkðj`i hrjkjlici cis jlòomris cjvjsýms ih nhlkh ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth. @iem ih supmrvjshr mstir itmlth piri mstms „mfmjths `hnitmrijs‟ ch prh`mssh cm supmriëàh cis cjvjsýms, cmvmlch smr `ipiz cm rm`hlam`mr, i`hnamr, trieinair m cmvhnvâ-nis, cm fhroi qum h tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm `hlsjki `hlvjvmr, cjkmrjr hu trilsfhroir hs fruths cm suis prðprjis cjvjsýms.  Lmstm smltjch, h trieinah cm supmrvjsàh mxpmrjml`jin rmqumr ch supmrvjshr uoi nhlki  bhrlici cm trilsfhroiëàh ci sui cjlåoj`i pmsshin m trilspmsshin, cm fhroi i làh oiljpunir h

 prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth ch tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm. Iquj sm eus`i uoi u oi rmniëàh hlcm h supmrvjshr làh tmlti `hlfhroir h prhfjssjhlin-iprmlcmltm ih smu ohcmnh cm ituiëàh ois, iltms, msfhrëi-sm

 

li `rjiëàh cm uo ioejmltm cm i`hnajomlth, cm `hlfjilëi m cm `rjiëàh `hlstrutjvi cm uoi prétj`i tmripâutj`i rmvmnichri ci iqujsjëàh chs fulciomlths tmðrj`h-omthchnðkj`hs luo `hltmxth  pmcikðkj`h-vjvml`jin, hu smbi, h iprmlcjzich ci iehrcikmo trilspmsshin ch phlth cm vjsti ci jltmrvmlëàh m mxm`uëàh tmripâutj`i sm cé itrivês cm uoi iëàh supmrvjsjhlici qum sm prhpým i smr mojlmltmomltm trilspmsshin, phssjejnjtilch äqumnm qum sm mxmr`jti, smltjr-sm iphjich li `hlstruëàh cm smuois prðprjh `iojlah. H supmrvjshr tmo i fulëàh cm phssjejnjtir i iemrturi cm lhvhs ahrjzhltms, bioijs cmvmré cmtmrojlir h `iojlah i smr pmr`hrrjch pmnh iprmlcmltm. H frikomlth cm trieinah `ho uo tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm jnustriré `hoh sm prh`mssi i cjlåoj`i cm uoi supmrvjsàh mxpmrjml`jin. (Pupmrvjshr-iprmlcmltm) - Yuin ê h smu prhenmoi!8 H qum vh`â cmsmbi cm ojo!8 (Smripmuti-Iprmcmltm5) - Mu msthu `ho cjfj`uncicm mo njcir `ho uo pi`jmltm lhvith, smoprm qum joikjlh utjnjzir inkuo mxmr`ï`jh `ho mnm, pmlsh qum mnm phcmré mlnhuqum`mr, m qum smrmj h rmsphlsévmn phr jsth. M qum h omnahr ê pirir cm itmlcânh. (P-I) - Yuilch jsth i`hltm`mu pmni òntjoi vmz8 (S-I5) - Fhj aé qujlzm cjis itrés, quilch mnm qumjxhu-sm cm qum vjlai smltjlch chrms lh mstóoikh, uoi chr qum i`uounivi i`uou nivi fhrëi li inturi ch „`aigri shnir‟. Mu jlj`jmj h trieinah `ho uoi „bhrlici cm filtisji‟, pmcjlch qum h omsoh omrkunaissm lmsti chr m om cjssmssm lh prmsmltm h qum mstivi i`hltm`mlch. Lmstm omrkunah, mnm vhnthu piri uo nukir ms`urh, hlcm mstivi smlch prmssjhlich phr thchs hs nichs. Jlj`jhu tioeêo thci uoi oulcilëi `hrphrin, cmohlstrilch ml`hltrir-sm li fhroi cm fmth. Pmltji oujth frjh m qumjxivi-sm ci prmssàh sherm smu `hrph. Aivmlch `hopnmtich h prh`mssh cm lis`jomlth, h omsoh pisshu piri uoi cjomlsàh trilspmsshin, cms`rmvmlch uoi jkrmbi iltjki `ho uoi priëi i sui frmltm.  Lmsti priëi, uo il`jàh h mspmrivi. H omsoh cjzji qum jrji `hlcuzï-nh piri i hrjkmo ci sui ilkòstji (h pi`jmltm aivji prh`urich i tmripji phr iprmsmltir `rjsms cm ilkòstji ih nmviltir pmni oilaà).  Mnms `homëirio i `iojlair pmni rui prðxjoi ä jkrmbi cjrjkjlch-sm piri uo nh`in oijs ifistich. H pi`jmltm cms`rmvm `ho cmtinams is ruis, qum `ici vmz vàh  fj`ilch oijs pherms i omcjci mo qum mnms sm cjstil`jio ch jlï`jh ci `iojlaici. H  pi`jmltm ouci o uci i phsturi `hrphrin, issuojlch uoi rjkjcmz `hrphrin m mojtm krjths.  Mnm ikhri sm vâ trilsfhroich, `ho ehtis prmtis m erjnailtms m `ho rhupis qum cmsti`io sui inti phsjëàh sh`jin. H omsoh pissi i vjvmr i vjci ciqumnm  pmrshlikmo, qum mxpnhrivi is ounamrms cm uo ehrcmn, phjs smu krjth fhj phr tmr rm`hlam`jch mstm iltjkh nukir. Nukir `ho h quin bé tjlai shlaich iltmrjhromltm.  Cmsmlrhni-sm uo crioi qum `unojli `ho i ohrtm ch pmrshlikmo cm uo phssïvmn `ål`mr cm mstóoikh, hu cm uoi òn`mri7 h omsoh cms`rmvm-sm lh nmjth cm ohrtm, mlvmnam`jch, shzjlah m `ho jomlsis chrms lh mstóoikh. @ahri prhfulciomltm lmstm ohomlth, rmpissilch i mxpnhriëàh cis ounamrms ch ehrcmn, emo `hoh sm ilkustji `ho h làh phcmr chrojr, phjs tmo omch cm ohrrmr. Phnj`jth-nam qum vé piri h ohomlth mxith ci ohrtm m cjki-om h qum i`hltm`m. Fini cm suis chrms nil`jliltms, `ahri, `hlthr`m-sm sherm h `hn`aàh m ohrrm li filtisji. Umnixi prhfulciomltm,  smlch jl`mltjvich i prh`urir uoi nuz eril`i hu ioirmni. Ml`iojlai-sm piri i nuz,

jcmltjfj`i-sm `ho i omsoi, smltjlch uo jomlsh emo-mstir. Vhnti li fhroi cm nuz  piri h `hrph m fiz i filtisji qum msté prmml`amlch-h cm nuz. Tmëh qum h omsoh fiëi

 

i filtisji cm qum vij `homëir i jnuojlir sui vjci cmscm h lis`jomlth. Mnm vhnti  piri h ohomlth ch lis`jomlth usilch i fhrëi ci nuz piri lis`mr, `hltjlui utjnjzilch-i lh prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth, smoprm jnuojlilch hs ohomlths oijs cjfï`mjs cm sui vjci, cmsenhqumilch is phssïvmjs fjxiëýms cmstm pissich, rmin hu joikjlérjh. @amki ihs cjis cm ahbm smltjlch i fhrëi cmsti nuz. Tmëh qum eusqum issh`jiëýms smu qum ohomlth cm piri vjci ituin. Nh`injzm phlths cm itmlsàh m rmpmtjëàh ch pissich7 `ho shnj`jth ivil`m h futurh m vmbi-sm ciquj uo ilh `hoh sm ml`hltri mo rmniëàh i ilkòstji. Fini qum làh smltm oijs ilkòstji, msté trilqþjnh  frmltm äs sjtuiëýms ci vjci qum mvh`ivio i omsoi. Mnm smkum icjiltm itê h ohomlth cm sui ohrtm, m vâ-sm trilqujnh. Ohrrm mo piz m vhnti piri i fhltm cm nuz, hlcm sm rmieistm`m m sm thrli thch nuz. Tmëh qum, li fhroi cm nuz, vhntm piri h iquj m ikhri7 nuz qum mltri pmnh `mltrh ci sui `iemëi m prmml`am thch h smu `hrph.  Tmrkulth `hoh sm smltm ikhri. Mnm smltm-sm rmnixich m trilqþjnh, làh oiljfmstilch tmlsàh `hrphrin. Mnm fini qum h il`jàh nam rm`homlchu trilqþjnjcicm m piz mo sui vjci m qum mnm cmvmrji cmsvjir h pmlsiomlth cis fjxiëýms cm chmlëis, sukmrjlch mxmr`ï`jhs cm omcjtiëàh. (P) - Mltàh, quin ê h smu prhenmoi8 (S-I5)li- inturi Curiltm vjvâl`ji(`aigri tjvm omch qum h pi`jmltm mlnhuqum`mssm. Pmltj uoi  prmssàh ch imstóoikh shnir). (P-I) - Mo qum ohomlth vh`â smltju jsth8 Finm pri ojo, lh prmsmltm, cmstm ohomlth. (S-I5)  ‐   Yuilch h pi`jmltm msté krjtilch m sm `hlthr`mlch. M omu mstóoikh `homëi i chmr. (P-I) - Yumrh qum vh`â cmjtm-sm ikhri lh `hn`aàh m `hl`mltrm-sm lmsti chr m cjki-om h qum i`hltm`m. (S -I5) - I chr iuomlti m shem piri ojlai `iemëi. Lmstm ohomlth vâo nmoerilëis ch omu prjomjrh mstékjh li érmi cm psjqujitrji. Mu om sjlth pirinjzich  pmnh hnair chs pi`jmltms. Smlah omch cm mlnhuqum`mr. Vâo nmoerilëis ci ojlai jlfål`ji, ihlcm tmlah omch cm uoi nhu`i. Smlah omch qum mni phssi om pmkir. I chr li `iemëi msté iuomltilch ijlci oijs, sjlth `hoh sm msti fhssm msthurir. (P-I) - Mu vhu `hnh`ir is oàhs oàh s li sui `iemëi m vh`â om cjz h qum i`hltm`m. H Pupmrvjshr-iprmlcmltm fiz uo phu`h cm prmssàh sherm i `iemëi `ho i ibuci cis oàhs. (S-I5) - Pjlth-om kjrilch, kjrilch, `hoh `ijlch luo rmcmohjlah. (P-I) -Vh`â `hltjlui lmsti filtisji kjrilch, kjrilchhh... @ijlch luo rmcmohjlah! M...8 (S-I5) - Ms`uth shls emo cjstiltm m oujti ilsjmcicm, tmo inkh ipmrtilch h omu `hrph, tmlah omch cm ohrrmr. Smlah omch... omch...omch cm pmrcmr i `iemëi. Cm mlnhuqum`mrrrr!!!. (P-I) - H tmoph pissi, i prmssàh iuomlti m vh`â om cjz h qum i`hltm`m. (S-I5) - Vmbh uoi nuz m ms`hrrmkh. Pjlth frjh! H Pupmrvjshr-iprmlcmltm pým uoi oilti sherm h tmripmuti-pi`jmltm qum sm iprmsmlti prhfulciomltm rmnixich. Jlj`ji-sm h prh`mssh cm jltmkriëàh ih iquj m

ikhri qum `unojli `ho i mxprmssàh ch tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm i`mr`i cm sui vjvâl`ji, m cm `hoh sm smltju mo rmniëàh ä smlsiëàh cm „fj`ir nhu`h‟ cmspmrtici li

 

rmniëàh `ho iqumnm pi`jmltm. H supmrvjshr rm`homlci i rminjziëàh cm oilcini, `ho h hebmtjvh cm jltmkrir i mxpmrjâl`ji. Ih fjlin ci vjvâl`ji tmripâutj`i h supmrvjshr mstjouni h tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm i rm`hlstrujr sui vjvâl`ji, smbi cm fhroi hrin hu ms`rjti. Jsth pmrojtjré i phssjejnjcicm cm smrmo fmjtis `hlmxýms ch qum fhj vjvml`jich `ho i tmhrji, ih omsoh tmoph mo qum ibuci i sjstmoitjziëàh ch `hlam`jomlth, `hlfhrom hs `ålhlms ci `jâl`ji hfj`jin. Ê tioeêo mstjounici i ilénjsm ch `ish pmnh rmstiltm ch kruph cm supmrvjsàh. Lmstm ohomlth sàh cjs`utjcis is tê`lj`is utjnjzicis, smlch mxpnj`jtici i fulciomltiëàh cis omsois, m, `ho i iuthrjziëàh cm qumo vjvmu i mxpmrjâl`ji, sàh fmjtis `hlsjcmriëýms i`mr`i ci cjlåoj`i ch prh`mssh.  Lh trieinah cm njemriëàh ch `hlfnjth ch iprmlcmltm phcmo smr usichs hs cjvmrshs rm`urshs tê`lj`hs iprmsmltichs li njtmrituri (Krhf,9:117 Oiths, 9::57 Issikjhnj, 9::=7 Siehlm, 9::=, Pincilai, 9::; m hs sukmrjchs lh `ipïtunh V cmstm njvrh.). H ush i`joi ch tmroh iprmlcmltm phcmrji smr mstmlcjch piri h supmrvjshr, cm fhroi qum tmrïiohs uo supmrvjshr-iprmlcmltm, jsth phcmrji rhopmr `ho uoi tricjëàh mo psj`htmripji qum ê cm sm `hnh`ir h supmrvjshr lh nukir ch siemr. H tmroh iprmlcmltm eus`i rmomtmr i „supmr/vjsàh‟ i uo mspiëh cm `hlstruëàh cm siemr7 mspiëh qum phcmrji emo sm jlspjrir lis  pinivris cm @aiuj (9:14), eistilch ipmlis suestjtujrohs hs tmrohs prhfmsshr phr supmrvjshr m inulhs, phr tmripmutis2 „Ih prhfmsshr làh `iem cjzmr2 ‑fiëi `hoh mu‚, ois2 ‑fiëi `hojkh‚. H  prhfmsshr cm litiëàh làh phcm mlsjlir h inulh i licir li irmji fizmlch-h jojtir smus kmsths, ois nmvi-h i nilëir- sm  sm l‚ékui mo sui `hopilaji piri qum iprmlci i licir nutilch `hltri is hlcis, fizmlch smu `hrph `hmxjstjr `ho h `hrph hlcuniltm qum h i`hnam m rmpmnm, rmvmnilch qum h cjénhkh ch inulh làh sm trivi `ho smu prhfmsshr cm litiëàh, ois `ho i ékui. H cjénhkh ch inulh ê `ho h pmlsiomlth, `ho i `unturi `hrphrjfj`ici lis heris m lis prétj`is sh`jijs m trilsojtjcis pmni njlkuikmo m pmnhs kmsths ch prhfmsshr, prhfmsshr, sjopnms omcjichr.‟(@aiuj, 9:14)  9:14)  H mx`mrth `jtich cm Oirjnmli @aiuj ê uoi rmfmrâl`ji cjrmti ä tmlcâl`ji qum sm vmrjfj`i mltrm prhfmsshrms, - m tioeêo mltrm hs inulhs - cm ipmnh ä iuthrjcicm. Thr jssh omsoh ê qum mo smkujci @aiuj lhspmci inmrti2 „]oi  khkji `rïtj`i cmvmrji jltmrrhkir mssm rjs`h `htjcjilh2 cm hlcm hl cm vmo m phr qum vmo i smcuëàh cm thrlir-sm kuru8 Cm hlcm vmo m phr vmo mo lðs m lhs inulhs h cmsmbh cm qum aibi uo Omstrm, h ipmnh ä fjkuri ci iuthrjcicm8‟   @hoh phcmohs cmsti`ir, mo Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin h nukir ch omstrm cmvm fj`ir vizjh, smlch phr jssh lm`mssérjh uo `hlstiltm cmsmbh cm trilsfhroiëàh phr pirtm ch tmripmuti. Pð aé tmripji trilspmsshin quilch h tmripmuti ê `ipiz cm iprmlcmr `ho i mxpmrjâl`ji ch  pi`jmltm, quilch i omsoi h jopunsjhli lh prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth jltmrjhr. Yuilch jsth làh msti i`hltm`mlch ê jophrtiltm rmvmr-sm, rmthoir uo prh`mssh psj`htmripâutj`h `ho uo hutrh  prhfjssjhlin, ierjlch oàh ch suphsth siemr m rm`hnh`ilchrm`hnh`ilch-sm sm li phsjëàh cm „mtmrlh iprmlcjz‟. Oujths inmkio i làh prh`uri cm uoi psj`htmripji phr bé fizmrmo iuthtmripji. Ih lhssh mltmlcmr i iuthtmripji, hu smbi h ush cm rm`urshs cm `rms`jomlth psj`h-mspjrjtuin, cmvmrji fizmr  pirtm ch `htjcjilh ch tmripmuti, ois h ml`hltrh `ho uo hutrh smoprm lhs phssjejnjti h lhssh

 prðprjh rmml`hltrh, ih omsoh tmoph qum lhs pým mo ohvjomlth, cmsnh`ilch-lhs chs ipmkhs (ch nukir cm tmripmuti) m ch omch cm sm mxphr, lh rm`hlam`jomlth cis prðprjis njojtiëýms.

 

  H irkuomlth i`joi vjsi vinhrjzir h nukir ci psj`htmripji, cjfmrml`jilch-h ch mspiëh cm supmrvjsàh, ois làh hs cjvjcjlch, phjs h prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth msté prmsmltm mo ioehs. I cjfmrmlëi mxprmssi lh `irétmr oijs pmcikðkj`h ci mxpmrjâl`ji cm supmrvjsàh 3:  ê i cm qum mni vjsi trieinair h fh`h ci cjfj`uncicm qum msté mltrivilch h rmni`jhliomlth `ho h `njmltm7 mlquilth i psj`htmripji hebmtjvirji uoi cjlåoj`i oijs iopni, i pirtjr cm mxpmrjâl`jis cm cmsipmkh i uoi cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh `ho phssjejnjcicms cm iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`jiqum piri`hlcuzjssmo inêo chs lïvmjs pmsshijs. @hl`nujlch, li supmrvjsàh h fh`h ê i rmniëàh tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm m hs smus pi`jmltms, mlquilth li tmripji h fh`h ê oijs iopnh, ieir`ilch i cjlåoj`i ch prh`mssh cm trilsfhroiëàh ch tmripmuti, qum smo còvjci lmlauoi jlfnuml`jiré suis rmniëýms `ho smus pi`jmltms.

3.9.0. H Srieinah Srilspmsshin  Lh `hltmxth ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hoprmmlcm-sm Srieinah Srilspmsshin `hoh i  eus`i cm jltmkriëàh chs lïvmjs prê-pmsshijs m pmsshijs `ho hs lïvmjs supmrjhrms cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji, hs lïvmjs trilspmsshijs. Issjo, h trieinah trilspmsshin cjvjcmsm mo vjvml`jir uoi psj`htmripji trilspmsshin m fizmr ush cm rm`urshs tmripâutj`hs, `hoh fhroi cm iuthtmripji. Cmltrm mstms rm`urshs i oijhrji chs iuthrms trilspmsshijs sàh ulåljoms lh qum cjz rmspmjth ih `untjvh cm inkuoi prétj`i iopnjichri ci `hls`jâl`ji (mx2 omcjtiëàh). I vjvâl`ji cm uoi psj`htmripji ê fulciomltin li fhroiëàh cm uo tmripmuti, phjs  phssjejnjti uoi mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji i pirtjr ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth m jltmkriëàh cis mstruturis ci `hls`jâl`ji, ih omsoh tmoph mo qum nam pmrojtm vjvml`jir mo sj hs rm`urshs ci iehrcikmo qum ms`hnamu. Fiz pirtm ci êtj`i trilspmsshin hfmrm`mr ipmlis is tê`lj`is qum fhrio bé vjvml`jicis m jltmkricis pmnh tmripmuti. Cm fhroi kmrin, phcmohs vjsnuoerir h cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci psj`htmripji trilspmsshin mo trâs mstékjhs kmrijs2 i) mstékjh ci jcmltjfj`iëàh, e) mstékjh ci cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh m h `) mstékjh trilspmsshin=4.  Lh prjomjrh mstékjh tmohs h mkh/smnf `hoh fh`h cm trieinah, cm fhroi qum is suis `iri`tmrïstj`is eésj`is2 jcmltjfj`iëàh, hrkiljziëàh, vhlticm, cmfmsi, omtiehnjsoh m livmkiëàh, sàh rmvjstis m jltmkricis vjsilch h iuomlth ci iuth-mstjoi m h ieilchlh cm picrýms lmkitjvhs cm iuth-iluniëàh. Is shoeris sàh vjsjticis luoi tmltitjvi cm jltmkré-nis ih fnuxh cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji m `ho h hebmtjvh cm tmrohs uo mu oijs jltmkrich m airoólj`h.  Lh smkulch mstékjh, tmo jlï`jh h cmspmrtir trilspmsshin `ho h trieinah lh lïvmn mxjstml`jin. H mkh mstilch ikhri oijs jltmkrich m sjltólj`h ê `ipiz cm suphrtir is prmssýms ch  prh`mssh tmripâutj`h cm cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh. Iquj h jlcjvïcuh mlfrmlti qumstýms mxjstml`jijs  eésj`is, `hoh h smltjch ci vjci, smlch cich jlï`jh ih prh`mssh cm cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh chs pépmjs, itjvjcicms m rmni`jhliomlths. Is kritjfj`iëýms in`ilëicis lh prjomjrh mstékjh sàh iquj vjstis `hoh njojticis m njojtiltms. I rmshnuëàh cmstm mstékjh ê vjvml`jici `hoh uo prh`mssh cm ohrtm

3:

 Mstm ohcmnh cm supmrvjsàh làh ê h òlj`h mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, rmfnmtjl rmfnmtjlch ch i tmltitjvi chs iuthrms, i  pirtjr cis suis suis mxpmrjâl`jis `ho hutrhs tmripmutis tmripmutis trilspmsshijs, trilspmsshijs, cm sjstmoitjzirmo sjstmoitjzirmo uoi fhroi fhroi cm trilsojssàh trilsojssàh cm =4 `hlam`jomlths lmsti érmi ch siemr.

  I @nïlj`i Srils pmsshin2 ch cjvà ihs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji m i mxpmrjâl`ji cm fhroiëàh cm uo tmripmuti trilspmsshin, irtjkh ci nivri cm Iurjlh N. Fmrrmjri, jl Tsj`hnhkji m Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin2 iopnjilch is frhltmjris ci `hls`jâl`ji, 5443.  

 

 psj`hnðkj`i ch mkh. Mkh qum rmml`hltrhu smu nukir bulth ih `hrph luoi uljcicm cjlåoj`i. I omtéfhri ch `mltiurh oir`i mstm ohomlth tmripâutj`h. H Mstékjh Srilspmsshin oir`i h tmr`mjrh pitioir cm uoi psj`htmripji m ê cjvjcjch mo cuis mtipis2 i) Mstienm`jomlth cm uo Mu Srilspmsshin, qum surkm i pirtjr ci cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh ch mkh m ch prh`mssh cm jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho h hesmrvichr làh-pirtj`jpiltm chs prðprjhs prh`msshs  psj`hnðkj`hs. iuthtrils`mlcâl`ji, qum momrkm ch rm`hlam`jomlth ch Mu Srilspmsshin `hoh `hltmxthe)cmIthci mxpmrjâl`ji, phcmlch-sm cjstjlkujr mltrm i `hls`jâl`ji m hs hebmths hu `hltmòchs ci `hls`jâl`ji. Iquj thch omnhcrioi pmsshin issuom omlhs jophrtål`ji, làh aé i mxpmrjâl`ji cm smpiritjvjcicm ieshnuti, prðprji ch mkh, m sjo uo `rms`mltm smltjomlth cm jltmrcmpmlcâl`ji. Mstms mstékjhs cmvmo smr pmr`mejchs cmltrh cm uoi pmrspm`tjvi cm mspjrin, m làh cm uoi oilmjri njlmir, hlcm aé uo ml`icmiomlth `iusin. I smkujr iprmsmltirmohs uo mxmopnh cm uo  pmqumlh `ish `nïlj`h qum ohstri h trieinah trilspmsshin. trilspmsshin. H tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm chjs (S-I5) ipðs i vjvâl`ji cm supmrvjsàh, `hls`jmltjzhu-sm ci lm`mssjcicm cm trieinair h tmoi nhu`uri/ohrtm mo sui tmripji, phjs mstms mstivio li rijz cm suis cjfj`uncicms mo i`hopilair `njmltms qum iprmsmltissmo i lm`mssjcicm cm trieinair mssm ispm`th. Smripmuti-Iprmcmltm 5 (S-I5)  - Lhmstir kruph cm supmrvjsàh tjvm uoi vjvâl`ji qum om `aiohu itmlëàh, m qum i`rmcjth rmni`jhlici `ho mu oujtis cis sjtuiëýms vmlah iquj trieinailch. Mu khstirji cm rmvmr i sjtuiëàh cm nhu`uri m ohrtm mxpmrjml`jici li supmrvjsàh. S mr ipmuti uti-S -Srr ilsp lspm mssh sshin in ( S -S -S)) =9 - Mltàh `hoh vh`â khstirji cm fizmr jsth8 (S-I5) - Umvjvmlch iqumni sjtuiëàh m mxpnhrilch-i `ho oijhrms cmtinams. (S-S) - Vh`â mltàh phcm cmjtir-sm iquj lh `hn`aàh, rmspjrilch `inoiomltm, cmjxilch sui omltm njvrm. Ikhri, vh`â joikjli h ohomlth qum vh`â qumr mxpnhrir `ho „oijhrms cmtinams‟. M `hlti-h `hlti-h lh prmsmltm, `hoh sm vh`â mstjvmssm rmvjvmlch-h ikhri. Nmoerm-sm qum jsth ê uoi filtisji, làh aivmlch i lm`mssjcicm cm ipmkir-sm i lmlauoi cis sjtuiëýms. (S-I5) - Pjlth chrms li `iemëi, `hoh sm mni mstjvmssm smlch pirtjci mo pirtms. (S-S) - I`hopilam msti chr. (piusi) Cjki-om h qum msté i`hltm`mlch. (S-I5) - Mu msthu lh mstékjh cm psjqujitrji, m tmlah qum cmohlstrir qum làh msthu `ho omch, ois i nhu`uri ipivhri-om. (S-S) - H qum vh`â i`ai qum i`hltm`m sm vh`â cmohlstrir omch iï lh smu mstékjh8 (S-I5) - Is pmsshis làh vàh khstir cm ojo, m mu pmrcmrmj h nukir cm eho inulh. Smlah tioeêo omch cm mlnhuqum`mr iquj. (S-S) - H qum i`hltm`m sm vh`â mlnhuqum`mr8 (S-I5) - Mu om pmr`h, cmjxh cm smr eho. (S-S) - H qum i`hltm`m sm vh`â sm pmrcm pm rcm m cmjxi cm smr eho8 (S-I5) - Is pmsshis làh vàh oijs khstir cm ojo m mu fj`h sð. Mu làh qumrh fj`ir  shzjlah!!! (S-S) - M h qum vh`â fiz piri làh fj`ir shzjlah8! (S-I5) - Mu ush mssi oés`iri cm làh tmr omch, cm smr jlvml`ïvmn.

=9

 ]sirmohs (S-S) piri rmprmsmltir h tmripmuti trilspmsshin m (S-I5) sjkljfj`ilch h tmripmuti-iprmlcmltm chjs, ikhri li `hlcjëàh cm `njmltm.

 

(S-S) - M `hoh vh`â sm smltm `ho msti oés`iri8! (S-I5) - Oin, oujth oin. Mu sjlth uoi prmssàh emo fhrtm li ojlai `iemëi. (S-S) - H qum vh`â qurm fizmr, bé qum sm smltm oin `ho msti oés`iri. (S-I5) - Mu qumrh mstir njvrm, ois tmlah omch cm mlnhuqum`mr!! Pjlth uo ehnh  suejlch cmltrh ci ojlai `hnuli. Ê `hoh sm ahuvmssm ah uvmssm uo `rjstin cmltrh ci omsoi, ois msté prmsh lh jlj`jh ci ojlai `hnuli. (Ti`jmltm ohstri vérjhs sjlijs `hrphrijs cm mltrici mo mstich iopnjich cm `hls`jâl`ji). (S-S) - @hl`mltrm-sm lmssi smlsiëàh7 uo ehnh suejlch cmltrh ci `hnuli m cjki-om h qum i`hltm`m. (S-I5) - Smo uoi `heri `ho uo cjioiltm li eh`i m mni fiz fhrëi piri suejr. (S-S) - M `hoh vh`â sm smltm quilch jsth msté i`hltm`mlch8! (S-I5) - Shch h omu `hrph vjeri quilch msti `heri shem, m h cjioiltm fj`i oijs erjnailtm. Mnm shem m jnuojli thch h omu `hrph. Mnm `hltjlui suejlch, ois fj`i  prmsh li `iemëi. H `mltrh ci ojlai `iemëi msté iemrth m h cjioiltm msté prmsh. (S-S) - H qum vh`â qumr fizmr ikhri, quilch h cjioiltm msté prmsh m i `heri làh `hlsmkum suejr8 (S-I5) - Mu tmlah omch qum i ojlai `iemëi sm rhopi. M qum mu..., mu phssi mlnhuqum`mr. (S-S) - @hoh vh`â sm smltm quilch làh cmjxi i `iemëi sm rhopmr piri sijr mssm cjioiltm8! (S-I5) - Oin, oujth oin. Aé uoi prmssàh jomlsi sherm ojlai `iemëi. Shci i ojlai mlmrkji shem, prmssjhlilch cm eijxh piri `joi. (S-S) - M vh`â qumr `hltjluir sm smltjlch oin hu làh8! (S-I5) - Làh. (S-S) - Mltàh, vh`â om cjz h qum vh`â fiz piri rmshnvmr msti sjtuiëàh. (S-I5) - Mu msthu ikhri cm pê, pijrilch sherm h pnilmti Smrri. I `heri cms`m i Smrri piri eus`i mlmrkji m vhnti `ho oujti fhrëi mltrilch li ojlai `hnuli m  suejlch `ho oujth phcmr. Mni eitm lh cjioiltm qum sij pmni iemrturi ci ojlai `iemëi. H cjioiltm trilsfhroi-sm mo nuz qum shem m cms`m cmltrh ch omu `hrph njemrilch thchs hs enhqumjhs. Ojlais rhupis sàh riskicis m vmbh-om prmsh i uoi jomlsi `ruz qum pijri sherm i Smrri. Ikhljzh lmsti `ruz m h `hrph `ij sherm i Smrri qum h ieshrvm. H cjioiltm pijri ikhri sherm mstm omu hutrh `hrph. I `heri vmo m h cmvhri, trilsfhroich-sm luo ir`h cm nuz. Ê uo phrtin emnïssjoh, qum sm ierm `hoh uoi bilmni izun lh `êu. Pjlth-om itriïch pmnh omsoh. (S-S) - @hoh vh`â sm smltm quilch sm pmr`mem itriïch phr mstm phrtin!8 (S-I5) - Emo, uo smltjomlth cm piz chojli h omu smr. (S-S) - Mltàh h qum vh`â cmsmbi fizmr ikhri8 (S-I5) - Mltrir lmstm phrtin. (S-S) - Mxpmrjomltm jsth. (S-I5) - Mu mltrh. Aé uo sjnâl`jh jomlsh. ]oi prhfulci piz. Ê uo nukir vizjh cm `hjsis, ois ih omsoh tmoph prhfulciomltm `amjh. Iquj làh tmlah oijs oés`iris, làh prm`jsh cm lici. Such ê sjnâl`jh m piz. Aé uo Cmus `ho uo fhkh li oàh m uo njvrh mo hutri7 mnm ê jomlsh, ois prhfulciomltm oilsh. Mnm `hlam`m thch h omu

njvrh mo hutri7 mnm ê jomlsh, ois prhfulciomltm oilsh. Mnm `hlam`m thch h omu  smr. Mu phush li oàh qum tmo h njvrh. Ê h njvrh cm thcis is ojlais vjcis. Mnm pissi ripjciomltm is pékjlis, jnuojlich-is.

 

(S-S) - @hoh vh`â sm smltm quilch jsth i`hltm`m8 (S-I5) - Pjlth-om smlch njemrich cm thch uo pissich ms`urh. Ikhri mnm fm`ai h njvrh m mu phush li sui oàh msqumrci, hlcm mxjstm h fhkh. H fhkh ê mstrilah, mnm làh qumjoi `hoh h fhkh `houo. Mnm `homëi i cmsfizmr ojlais fhrois, ih omsoh tmoph mo qum h cmus vij tioeêo sm trilsfhroilch mo nuz. Mnm cmsipirm`m m ojlais  fhrois vizjh. tioeêo. Pjlth-om mspinailch, ojsturilch-om `ho mnm m `ho thch iqumnm (S-S) - @hoh vh`â sm smltm quilch jsth i`hltm`m8 (S-I5) - Mo pizzz!!! (S-S) - Mltàh cmsfrutm msti piz.(Smoph mo sjnâl`jh). Ikhri mu qumrh qum `amjh cm  piz, vh`â rmthrlm piri h iquj m ikhri, trizmlch `ho vh`â h `inhr cmstm fhkh cjfmrmltm. Mltrm pmnh `mltrh cm sui `iemëi m prmml`ai thch h smu `hrph cm nuz.  Joikjlilch jsth `hoh uo eho shlah, uo shlah trilsfhroichr. H tmripmuti trilspmsshin ibuci h pi`jmltm i jltmkrir-sm lh iquj m ikhri. Tmcjlch qum h omsoh fiëi uo oilcini, qum fhj cmphjs ilinjsich bultiomltm `ho h pi`jmltm. I ilénjsm ci vjvâl`ji i`joi pmrojtm-lhs nh`injzir h mspiëh ci psj`htmripji piri inêo ci supmrvjsàh, qum luo prjomjrh ohomlth mxpnhrhu hs mnmomlths qum mstivio cjfj`untilch i rmniëàh ch tmripmuti `ho h `njmltm. Bé li smssàh cm psj`htmripji tmohs uo iprhfulciomlth chs tmois cmsti`ichs, pirtjlch ch uljvmrsh jlcjvjcuich ch `njmltm. I lïvmn psj`hcjlåoj`h tjvmohs uo iprhfulciomlth cis qumstýms rmfmrmltms ä iuthjoikmo (lm`mssjcicm cm rm`hlam`jomlth, rmvjvâl`ji cis rmniëýms pirmltijs prjojtjvis hu cjlåoj`is mcïpj`is) mxprmssis lhs `hlfnjths iprmsmltichs lh mstékjh cm psjqujitrji. Sjvmohs `hltmopnich iquj h trieinah `ho hs mnmomlths qum `hopýmo h prjomjrh mstékjh ci tmripji. Ipðs jsth, h `njmltm jlkrmsshu luoi vjvâl`ji cm ohrtm-rmlis`jomlth, `ho `iri`tmrïstj`is omtifðrj`is chs `hlfnjths ch lïvmn mxjstml`jin, emo `hoh pissshu i iprmsmltir fmlóomlhs  prðprjhs ci pissikmo cis oitrjzms pmrjlitijs pmrjlitijs JJJ m JV (vmr `ipïtunh JJJ, jtmo jtmo 0.5)2 „Ojlais rhupis sàh riskicis m vmbh-om vmbh-om prmsh i uoi jomlsi `ruz qum pijri  sherm i Smrri. Ikhljzh lmsti `ruz m h `hrph `ij sherm i Smrri qum h ieshrvm. ]oi `heri vmo m h cmvhri, trilsfhroilch-sm luo ir`h cm nuz. Ê uo phrtin emnïssjoh, qum sm ierm `hohi uoi bilmni mxjstml`jin/pmrjlitin, izun lh `êu‟.  `êu‟.  Tirinmni vjvâl`ji i`joi cmsti`ici, h pi`jmltm vjvmu uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cm `hltith `ho h prh`mssh cm suejci ci „Gulcinjlm‟, cmfjljch phr Krhf (5449) `hoh2 „Mlmrkji `ðsoj`i kmrichri kmrichri , cm liturmzi fmojljli, rmsphlsévmn pmni `rjiëàh ch `hsoh. Mo sui fhroi nitmltm, mni rmsjcm li eism ci `hnuli vmrtmerin auoili lh `hrph  sutjn hu mlmrkêtj`h, qum ê uo `ioph qum itrivmssi m pmromji emo `hoh mlvhnvm h `hrph  fïsj`h... `hlfhrom is`mlcm, mni mnjoi joprmssýms triuoétj`is iltjkis m ierm hs `mltrhs cm mlmrkji psïquj`i, cmlhojlichs `aigris.‟  `aigris.‟   Msti vjvâl`ji pmrojtju ih `njmltm ohvjomltir-sm luo lïvmn trilspmsshin, hlcm mnmomlths oïtj`hs sjoehnjzivio h mstich cm trilsfhroiëàh, `unojlilch `ho iuthtrils`mlcâl`ji, h òntjoh mstékjh ci psj`htmripji trilspmsshin, oiljfmsth li vjvâl`ji cm c m „vi`ujcicm‟. „vi`ujcicm‟.  

Cmstm trieinah cmsti`i sm i jltmr`hlm`ëàh chs cjvmrshs lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji, emoch`hoh, i phssjejnjcicm cm i`mssh i hutrhs lïvmjs, phssjejnjtilch h ifrhuxiomlth cis cmfmsis mkh,  pmrojtjlch issjo qum h submjth cmsfrutm uoi oijhr kioi cm smus rm`urshs jltmrjhrms. jltmrjhrms.

 

 

3.5. H pipmn ch tmripmuti trilspmsshin Phohs vjsjtiltms lmstm pnilmti. Mstiohs iquj phr lhvmlti, `mo ilhs lh oéxjoh. Lmssm pmrïhch cmvmohs tmltir fizmr inkh cm  eho, inkh cm òtjn `ho lhssis vjcis. Smltir fj`ir mo piz `ho lðs omohs m ibucir tmr`mjrhs i pirtjnair cmssi piz. Pm vh`â `hltrjeujr piri i fmnj`jcicm cm tmr`mjrhs, ml`hltriré h hebmtjvh vmrcicmjrh, h sjkljfj`ich ci vjci. - H QJV Cinij Nioi

@hlfhrom phltui Emrthnu``j (9::9), ih ituirohs `hoh tmripmutis mstirmohs ikjlch cm fhroi cjrmti `ho i lhssi prðprji psjqum oijs ch qum prhprjiomltm `ho inkuoi tê`lj`i hu tmhrji, uoi vmz qum iltms cm quinqumr hutrh tjph cm `houlj`iëàh mxjstm uoi jltmr`houlj`iëàh cm `hls`jâl`jis. H tmripmuti trilspmsshin ê uo smr auoilh `houo mo prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth pmsshin m cmsmlvhnvjomlth mspjrjtuin. Mnm làh ê uo "oikh" lmo uo "oékj`h" qum prhomtm `uris ojnikrhsis itrivês ci mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji, mltrmtilth pmnh smu oêtjmr   m cici äs `iri`tmrïstj`is prðprjis ci iehrcikmo trilspmsshin, mspmri-sm qum mnm smbi uo smr auoilh vjvml`jichr hu eus`ichr cm vinhrms mnmvichs, êtj`i, `hls`jâl`ji iopnjici m `hlam`mchr ci `ipi`jcicm cm trils`mlcâl`ji ci cjomlsàh auoili. Fiz-sm lm`mssérjh qum h tmripmuti trilspmsshin làh lmknjkml`jm smu prðprjh trieinah jltmrjhr, eus`ilch injir h `hlam`jomlth cm prétj`is mspjrjtuijs m h `untjvh ciqumnis `ho is quijs omnahr sm jcmltjfj`i `ho uo prhfulch rmskitm m jltmkriëàh cm suis shoeris. Cmltrh cmssm `hltmxth pmr`memohs uoi cjfmrmlëi fulciomltin mltrm iqumnm psj`ðnhkh qum `hl`hrci `ho i iehrcikmo trilspmssshin m `ho mni sjlthljzi, m h psj`htmripmuti trilspmsshin. H Tsj`ðnhkh Srilspmsshin phssuj h `hlam`jomlth tmðrj`h iuthcjciti hu icqujrjch mo `hlkrmsshs, sjopðsjhs, nmjturis, whrgsahsps hu ojlj-`urshs jlfhroitjvhs qum làh `hlfmrmo uoi fhroiëàh `hopnmti m làh h aiejnjtio ä itjvjcicm psj`htmripâutj`i. Yuilth ih smkulch, jsth ê, h Tsj`htmripmuti Srilspmsshin, inêo ci fhroiëàh `hlvml`jhlin mo Tsj`hnhkji hu Tsjqujitrji ê jlcjspmlsévmn qum mnm tioeêo phssui uoi fhroiëàh tmðrj`i-vjvml`jin mo psj`hnhkji m psj`htmripji trilspmsshin jl`nujlch `mrths rmqujsjths oijs mxjkmltms ch qum mo hutris iehrcikmls, `hoh phr mxmopnh, h smu prðprjh trieinah mxpmrjomltin m mxpmrjml`jin mo psj`htmripji m hutris cjs`jpnjlis trilspmsshijs. M ijlci, cici i iopnjtucm lh ohch ahnïstj`h cm mlfh`ir h smr auoilh, ê jophrtiltm tioeêo qum mnm tmlai h `hlam`jomlth cis qumstýms mspjrjtuijs, prh`urilch làh smkujr chkoitjsohs, ois fj`ilch iemrth i krilcm virjmcicm cmssis qumstýms cmltrh ch åoejth cis cjvmrsis rmnjkjýms, tricjëýms ountj`mltmlérjis m fjnhshfjis. Mltrmtilth, h fith ci psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin njcir `ho i cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin ch jlcjvïcuh, làh cmvm smr `hlfulcjch `ho i vjl`uniëàh ch tmripmuti i quinqumr `rmch rmnjkjhsh hu chkoétj`h. Ih `hltrérjh, h tmripmuti cmvm mstir iemrth i thcis is oiljfmstiëýms rmnjkjhsis m mlfh`ir sui ituiëàh luo `hltmxth iltrhphnðkj`h m fmlhomlhnðkj`h, smo, lh mltilth, jlcuzjr h

`njmltm äs suis `rmlëis pirtj`unirms, oiltmlch h oéxjoh `ujcich `ho mssm ispm`th êtj`h piri làh vjl`unir i psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin i quinqumr `hrrmltm rmnjkjhsi mspm`ïfj`i she h rjs`h cm icuntmrir smus prmssuphsths cm iemrturi jltmkrin m cm pnurinjcicm.

 

  Omsoh `hlsjcmrilch hs mlfhqums ituijs qum làh fizmo cjstjlëàh mltrm `jâl`ji m rmnjkjàh, sinjmltiohs i jophrtål`ji ch tmripmuti trilspmsshin `hnh`ir-sm `ho vjsàh iopni piri thchs hs `iojlahs mspjrjtuijs, eus`ilch piutir-sm lh rmspmjth jl`hlcj`jhlin äs jcêjis ch hutrh. Is tê`lj`is jlspjricis lh xioiljsoh m lis fjnhshfjis m tricjëýms hrjmltijs pissio phr uo prh`mssh cm iciptiëàh ihs ohcmnhs `jmltïfj`hs h`jcmltijs. H ush cmssis tê`lj`is tmo rmspinch mo pmsqujsis qum sinjmltio i jophrtål`ji cmssms tmlai rm`urshs piri sm itjlkjr hs hebmtjvhs tmripâutj`hs. Ih utjnjzé-nis, fiz-sm ojstmr qum h tmripmuti `hlam`jomlth ci jltmrfmrâl`ji qum mnis phcmo `iusir li cjlåoj`i psïquj`i omcjiltm suis `hrrmniëýms ejh-psj-sh`jhmspjrjtuijs. Pinjmlti-sm qum mnis làh cmvmo smr usicis inmithrjiomltm7 h tmripmuti cmvm tmr h choïljh ci sui ipnj`iejnjcicm m utjnjzé-nis `ho `hls`jâl`ji. @hlsjcmriohs qum hs `urshs tmðrj`h-prétj`hs cm fhroiëàh, aiejtuinomltm rminjzichs mo kruphs, hfmrm`mo `hlcjëýms icmquicis piri qum h prhfjssjhlin vjvml`jm sui cjlåoj`i jltripsïquj`i mo vérjhs lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji, tmlch ijlci i hphrtuljcicm cm hesmrvir i `hlcuti tmripâutj`i frmltm ihs oijs cjvmrshs `ishs, hetmlch `ho jssh uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cjvmrsjfj`ici. Issjo, h omsoh tmré oijhrms `hlcjëýms cm `hlstrujr uoi phltm tmðrj`i tmlch `hoh phlth cm  pirtjci h vjvml`jich m hesmrvich bulth i sj prðprjh m ih kruph. kruph. Hevjiomltm, h `hlam`jomlth tmðrj`h làh cjspmlsi h trieinah vjvml`jin lmo mstm jlvinjci iqumnm. Pupým-sm qum h tmripmuti prmtmlci fi`jnjtir ih smu `njmltm inêo ch mkh.smu Ê jlcjspmlsévmn, phrtilth, qum mnm trilspmsshin prðprjh mstmbi lh jlvmstjomlth pmsshin cmjrtrils`mlcmr  prðprjh mkh, phjs i`rmcjtiohs làh smr phssïvmn kujir inkuêo luo `iojlah qum làh trjnaiohs, ijlci omsoh `hlam`mlch h oipi, phjs "H oipi làh ê h tmrrjtðrjh"=5. Tirifrismilch uo `hlam`jch prhvêrejh cm hrjkmo eucjsti, piri `hlsmrtir h qum ê thrth, ê  prm`jsh iltms fizmr inkh oijs cjfï`jn2 `hlsmrtir i lðs omsohs. Pm cmltrh ch `hltmxth ci tmripji surkm i lm`mssjcicm ch thqum fïsj`h =0, h tmripmuti trilspmsshin phcm fizâ-nh, mxpnj`jtilch i jophrtål`ji ch smu kmsth, ois rmspmjtilch i jlcjvjcuinjcicm m hs njojtms ch `njmltm. Lmssm smltjch ê jlcjspmlsévmn mvjtir oiljpuniëýms phr pirtm ch tmripmuti, `hoh prhvh`iëýms smlsuijs m itjtucms smcuthris, omsoh `hlsjcmrilch quijsqumr `hlhtiëýms qum tijs itjtucms tmlaio, `hoh,  phr mxmopnh, emjbir hs pês hu is oàhs ch `njmltm... m hutrhs iesurchs i prmtmxth cm "qumerir rmsjstâl`jis", "cmsenhqumir smxuinjcicm" hu cm "mxprmssir ifmtjvjcicm" hu itjtucms smomnailtms. H psj`htmripmuti trilspmsshin, qum rm`memu uoi fhroiëàh sjstmoétj`i mo `urshs `ho `rmcml`jijs qum `hlfjrio `rmcjejnjcicm cmltrh ch vmrcicmjrh smltjch m rmin hebmtjvh ci  psj`htmripji trilspmsshin, cmvm mstir `jmltm chs picrýms êtj`hs qum lhrtmjio i ituiëàh lh trieinah trilspmsshin.  Lh qum cjz rmspmjth äs phssjejnjcicms cm itmlcjomlth, làh aé `hltri-jlcj`iëàh piri h tmripmuti trilspmsshin itmlcmr pmsshis prðxjois, cmscm qum mssi prhxjojcicm làh h jopmëi cm mxmr`mr h smu pipmn `ho issmrtjvjcicm, iohrhsjcicm m fjromzi, m cmscm qum hs vïl`unhs mkðj`hs mstmbio emo `nirhs lh trieinah, mvjtilch issjo is cjsthrëýms ci ciss oiljsfmstiëýms trilsfmrâl`jijs. Pm i òlj`i ohtjviëàh ch tmripmuti ê ibucir h `njmltm, mnm phcmré fizâ-nh eismilch sui itjtucm li vmrcicm m li sjl`mrjcicm, smo i tmlcâl`ji cm qumrmr ikricir h smu „iojkh„iojkh -`njmltm‟, phjs i sui fulëàh làh ê i cm smr h "ehlzjlah", m sjo emlmfj`jé-nh lh prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth. Smhrj`iomltm, làh mxjstmo jopmcjomlths ih tmripmuti trilspmsshin piri itmlcmr pmsshis cm uoi omsoi fioïnji cmscm qum is prðprjis sm pmrojtio m h tmripmuti mstmbi smkurh cm qum làh

=5

 Infrmc Ghrzyesgj, ipuc @ipri, 9::=, p. 04.   Oijhrms jlfhroiëýms jlfhroiëýms vmr @ip. V, lmstm njvrh. njvrh.

=0

 

aivmré jltmrfmrâl`jis prmbucj`jijs ih prh`mssh cm `ici uo. Tiri tilth, inkuois virjévmjs  prm`jsio smr `hlsjcmricis2 9.  h tmripmuti prm`jsi sm iuth-ivinjir `hlstiltmomltm piri làh smr oiljpunich lmo oiljpunir hs mlvhnvjchs thoilch pirtjch cm uo mo cmtrjomlth ch hutrh. 5.  ê lm`mssérjh oiltmr-sm inmrti lh smltjch cm lmutrinjzir is jltmrfmrâl`jis phssio surkjr uo m ch H (trilsfmrâl`jis) psj`htmripmuti qum trilspmsshin njcicm `ho i hutrh. trilsfmrâl`ji m `hltri-trilsfmrâl`ji cjfmrmltmomltm ch psj`ilinjsti, phjs i psj`ilénjsm tmo li trilsfmrâl`ji smu mjxh cm `uri m phr jssh i mstjouni. Mo Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin, rm`hlam`mo-sm m sm `nirjfj`io hs fmlóomlhs trilsfmrml`jijs tilth hs ci pirtm ch pi`jmltm quilth hs ch tmripmuti, prjl`jpinomltm quilch sm msté trieinailch lh lïvmn ejhkréfj`h ci `hls`jâl`ji. I trilsfmrâl`ji iquj ê vjsti `hoh prhbmëàh ch mkh, lmstm smltjch, tioeêo `hlsjcmrici rmsjstâl`ji ä trilsfhroiëàh, `hoh li psj`ilénjsm. Mltrmtilth, i Srilspmsshin phstuni qum mlquilth h `njmltm sm oiltjvmr lh lïvmn mkðj`h mnm làh itjlkjré i qumeri cis prhbmëýms trilsfmrâl`jijs, smlch oiltjch h `hlfnjth, moehri intmrlilch hs sjlthois. @hl`nujohs qum i mstjouniëàh ci trilsfmrâl`ji `hlstjtuj-sm li tmripji trilspmssshin uo hesté`unh he sté`unh ä trils`mlcâl`ji ch mkh, cjfj`untilch ih jlcjvïcuh h trilsphr i sui cjomlsàh pmsshin (mkðj`i). Jcmltjfj`icifivhrm`mlch i trilsfmrâl`ji, h tmripmuti phssjejnjti ih `njmltm rm`hlam`â-ni vjvml`jinomltm, i cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh ci iuth-joikmo trizjci lhm `hltité-ni prh`mssh trilsfmrml`jin. 0.  Ê oujth jophrtiltm mstiemnm`mr uo sjkljfj`itjvh ripphrt   hetmlch ch pi`jmltm i `hlfjilëi lh sjkjnh m li lmutrinjcicm rmfmrjci lh prjomjrh tðpj`h, i`joi, ms`nirm`mlch-h quilth ä lmutrinjcicm m trilqþjnjzilch-h quilth i jltmrvmlëýms jlicmquicis bé mxpmrjml`jicis phr mstm. I tïtunh cm ms`nirm`jomlth m piri mvjtir còvjcis, jlfhroiohs qum h ush cm "`rjstijs", "fnhrijs", "pâlcunhs", "tiró", "rmjgj", "injlaiomlth chs `ai`ris", `ai`ris", "oissikmo‟, "ch-jl", "ch-jl", "sajitsu", mltrm hutrhs, làh sm tricuz phr Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin m phr jsth omsoh mstis làh `hopýmo h `hlbulth cm tê`lj`is pmsqujsicis, ipnj`icis m vinjcicis lmsti iehrcikmo `jmltïfj`i.  Lh mltilth, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin làh jlvinjci i utjnjziëàh cmstms rm`urshs `hoh fi`jnjtichrms ch mqujnïerjh ejh-psj`h-mspjrjtuin, li omcjci mo qum mnms ohejnjzio oucilëis itrivês ci oiljpuniëàh ch `ioph mlmrkêtj`h, nirkiomltm pmsqujsich mo hutrhs ohcmnhs cm siòcm (mx2 i`upulturi). @hltuch, piri iqumnms prhfjssjhlijs qum qumjrio fizmr ush cis tê`lj`is intmrlitjvis hu `hopnmomltirms rmfmrjcis, fiz-sm ojstmr cjstjlkuï-nis ch smu `ioph cm rm`urshs  psj`htmripâutj`hs trilspmsshijs, smlch lm`mssérjh ms`nirm`mr ih `njmltm qum làh fizmo pirtm cmssi iehrcikmo psj`htmripâutj`i. Jsth sm cé mo `hl`hrcål`ji `ho i hrjmltiëàh ch @hlsmnah Fmcmrin cm Tsj`hnhkji lh Erisjn, ðrkàh rmkjomltichr m fjs`injzichr ci prhfjssàh lmstm piïs. Vinm sinjmltir qum lh pirm`mr cm lòomrh 444;;;, cm 93 cm bunah cm 9::0, ch`uomlth qum mstuci is Trétj`is Intmrlitjvis, issjlich pmni Trhfª Cª Oirïnji Il`hri Nhpmz m Krjsj (]LJT ‐  (]LJT  ‐  ]PT/PT)   ]PT/PT) m  pmnh Trhf. Cr. Nujs @néucjh Omlchlëi Fjkumjrmch (]PT  ‐   T]@/PT  ‐   ]LJT), hs omsohs rmssintio2 „... `hlvêo ijlci nmoerir qum uoi sêrjm cm prétj`is jlstjtuïcis j lstjtuïcis lis òntjois cê`icis

 surkjrio jlj`jinomltm `hoh intmrlitjvis , `hoh phr mxmopnh is prétj`is ci iltjpsjqujitrji. Oijs ricj`inomltm, phcmohs nmoerir qum quinqumr prétj`i prhfjssjhlin jlj`ji- sm  sm `hoh „intmrlitjvi‟ nmkjtjoilch nmkjtjoilch-sm -sm ä omcjci mo qum `hlqujsti h mspiëh m i

 

i`mjtiëàh sh`jin. I `rjiëàh ci psj`ilénjsm phr Frmuc phcmrji lhs smrvjr cm mxmopnh.‟ (p. 0). H mlfhqum trilspmsshin, phr njcir `ho `hl`mjth cjfmrml`jich ci rmfmrâl`ji cm tmoph `irtmsjilh, ful`jhli `ho fnmxjejnjcicm mo rmniëàh i tmoph, ahrérjh m curiëàh cis smssýms, smo jlvinjcir i lm`mssjcicm cm mstiemnm`mr ahrérjhs rmkunirms, sjstmoitjzilch-hs cmltrh ch `rjtêrjh  pmsshin Cjiltm ch tmripmuti m ch `njmltm. cm tilths rmqujsjths jophrtiltms bé mxphsths m omcjiltm is `hlcjëýms mxpnj`jticis, h psj`htmripmuti trilspmsshin prm`jsi, iltms cm tuch, tmr iohr m rmspmjth phr iqumnm Pmr qum `jr`ulstil`jinomltm surkm cjiltm cmnm lh pipmn cm `njmltm, mstilch ioehs pi`tuichs phr h`isjàh ch mstiemnm`jomlth ch `hltrith tmripâutj`h.

 

@ITÏS]NH V IP SÊ@LJ@IP SMUITÂ]SJ@IP SUILPTMPPHIJP Nuz m Phoeri H vêu cm eruois cms`mrrilch... Fi`ah cm nuz `jltjniltm cms`mlch Ojlais shoeris cmsvmnilch Oujth inêo cm mspiëh-m-tmoph. Né fhri, h vmlth `hrtiltm m h frjh jltmlsh mstm `hrph ohrtin, kmnilch Ois, cmltrh, iquj mo omu pmjth ircm uo fhkh `rmpjtiltm iltjkhs siosgiris qumjoilch... Ikhri, aé i `nirjcicm jnuojlilch is shoeris. Cmsjstjr làh qumrh i`hnah i vmrcicm, vhu tmltilch @hoh phssh ieilchlir-om8 Pm ijlci lmo smj qumo shu8 Ois, lmo jsth ikhri om jophrti H smltjch cm tuch ouchu Mo rmvmrâl`ji i tj, ha Puprmoh! Mltrmkh-om i krilcmzi cmstm IOHU.   Mnjêkm Erilcàh

Is tê`lj`is tmripâutj`is trilspmsshijs `iri`tmrjzio-sm pmni ichëàh cm uoi vjsàh ahnïstj`i ci rminjcicm, smlch mo òntjoi jlstål`ji uo rmfnmxh ch lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji ch tmripmuti, hu smbi, mnis làh sàh uo hebmth jlstruomltin lmutrh m cjssh`jich ci pmsshi qum i usi. Cm fhroi qum sui utjnjziëàh cmvmré oiltmr-sm itrmnici i uoi `hoprmmlsàh knhein ch piricjkoi trilspmsshin, hlcm hs vérjhs ispm`ths ch Ghsohs iprmsmltio-sm jltmkrichs. I krilcm pirtm cis tê`lj`is oml`jhlicis lmsti smëàh utjnjzi, cm oilmjri cjrmti (sukmrjci) hu jlcjrmti (làh sukmrjci) h `hltmòch cm joikmls. Jsth sm bustjfj`i pmnh rm`hlam`jomlth, aé ojnâljhs, ch ush ci fulëàh joikjlitjvi piri i `uri mo vérjis `unturis lh oulch jltmjrh, `hoh lh Sjemtm, li Jlcji, li Éfrj`i, mltrm hs msqujoðs m ïlcjhs iomrj`ilhs, `hlfhrom iphlti Mpstmjl (9:1:), ijlci pmnhs emlmfï`jhs ml`hltrichs li ituinjcicm `ho is  pmsqujsis qum ohstrio i rjqumzi `rjitjvi `rjitjvi ch amojsfmrjh `mrmerin cjrmjt cjrmjthh (Uhenms, 5449i, 5449e). Umphrtilch-lhs i êph`is oijs rmohtis li Krê`ji Iltjki, nmoeriohs h ush ci fi`uncicm joikjlitjvi li tmripâutj`i cm Ms`unépjh, (Is`nêpjh  ‐   cmus krmkh ci omcj`jli) itrivês ci lhhtmripji (`uri pmni omltm) qum purjfj`i m rmfhroi h ahomo fjsj`i m psjquj`iomltm. Mltàh, bé liqumni êph`i, mo Mpjciurh sð aivji `uri thtin sm h`hrrmssm i omtilðji (trilsfhroiëàh chs

smltjomlths). Issjo,   hebmtjvh chs rjtuijs cm omltinjziëàh. jl`ueiëàh cm Ms`unépjh, civi-sm itrivês ch trieinah `hoi iomtilðji, omltm ‐  joikjliëàh, omltm ‐   joikjliëàh, vjsuinjziëàh,

 

Pmkulch Kiwjl (9:;1), „joikjliëàh ê i `ipi`jcicm cm `rjir uoi jcêji hu rmprmsmltiëàh mo sui omltm‟ (p.96). Cm fhroi qum thcis is oiljfmstiëýms auoilis auoi lis sàh hrjkjlicis lh rm`ólcjth ci omltm, m h ir`iehuëh ch lhssh oulch jltmrlh ê `hlstjtujch cm joikmls. Is tê`lj`is trilspmsshijs, eus`ilch `hlstrujr uoi phltm mltrm h jl`hls`jmltm m h `hls`jmltm, rminjzio i mxpnhriëàh ch lhssh oulch jltmrlh itrivês ci `rjiëàh hrjmltici, hu làh, cm joikmls qum fi`jnjtmo i `uri. Pmkulch Mpstijl (9:1:), is joikmls omltijs sàh prhcuths ci omltm qum  phcmo smr usicis piri fivhrm`mr h `hltith `ho i rminjcicm suebmtjvi jltmrli `hlstjtujlch-sm issjo `hoh uoi njlkuikmo ch jl`hls`jmltm. Cmltrh cmssm rmfmrml`jin, is tê`lj`is tmripâutj`is trilspmsshijs i`jhlio hs `hltmòchs ch jl`hls`jmltm itrivês ci vjvâl`ji cis joikmls i`hnamlch sui vmrcicm `hoh fmlóomlh, hfmrm`mlch issjo `hlcjëýms piri qum mnms smbio rmvjvjchs, ituinjzichs, rmhrkiljzichs m rmsjkljfj`ichs li psjqum, cm fhroi tin, qum i pmr`mpëàh chs fiths smbi trilsfhroici mo cjrmëàh ih emo mstir m mqujnïerjh psj`hnðkj`h ci pmsshi. Mltrmtilth, ê jophrtiltm nmoerir qum ipmsir ci fulciomltin jophrtål`ji ci tê`lj`i, làh ê ipmlis i tê`lj`i qum thrli h prh`mssh psj`htmripâutj`h trilspmsshin mfmtjvh. Cmltrh cmssm  phlth cm vjsti inmrtiohs qum ê `hlvmljmltm tmr eistiltm aiejnjcicm li ipnj`iëàh cmssis tê`lj`is  piri làh `hrrmr h rjs`h cm cmsvjrtuir smus hebmtjvhs, thrlilch-hs jlð`uhs mo rmniëàh ä trilsfhroiëàh pmr`mpëàh chscmstm smltjomlths rmfmrjci lh jtmoci3.9.9. ch `ip.m JV njvrh. ch `njmltm, h qum jlcj`i uoi qumeri li `hlmxàh H rmsuntich sitjsfitðrjh ci tê`lj`i mo rmniëàh ih hebmtjvh in`ilëich vij cmpmlcmr ch lïvmn iopnjich cm `hls`jâl`ji ch tmripmuti, emo `hoh ci fhroi cm ipnj`é-ni, cis pinivris usicis, ch tho cm vhz, cm tuch iqujnh qum phcm smr `houlj`ich pmnh `hrph, chs pmlsiomlths, cm thch h `hltmxth mlmrkêtj`h qum msté prmsmltm li mxprmssàh auoili mxpnï`jti hu jopnj`jtiomltm, hu smbi, thci uoi omti`houlj`iëàh. Mstm rmsuntich tioeêo ê ifmtich pmnh `hltmxth mo qum i tê`lj`i ê ipnj`ici, she h rjs`h cm prmbucj`ir hs hebmtjvhs i qum mnis sm  prhpýmo, cjfj`untilch h prh`mssh psj`htmripâutj`h. Mlfjo, is tê`lj`is sð sàh mfmtjvis quilch tricuzmo i iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji ch tmripmuti li eus`i cm hphrtuljzir uo `hltmxth m uo  prh`mssh `ipiz cm cmsml`icmir uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cm `iojlah `iojlah cm `uri piri h pi`jmltm. Yumrmohs, iquj, rmphrtiroh-lhs ihs lhsshs inulhs, qum aé nhlkh tmoph lhs vâo shnj`jtilch piri qum fiëiohs uo oiluin cm tê`lj`is, ms`nirm`mlch-nams qum fhj mxitiomltm  pmnhs ohtjvhs supri`jtichs qum rmsjstjohs mo itmlcâ-nhs itê ikhri. M ijlci ê `ho krilcm `iutmni qum lmstis pékjlis mstiohs tmltilch sitjsfizâ-nhs, rm`homlcilch ihs nmjkhs, inêo ch qum bé mxpnj`jtiohs, uoi mspm`jin itmlëàh, quilth ih itmlcjomlth ihs oijs mnmomltirms cjtioms êtj`hs lh qum sm rmfmrm ih rmspmjth ihs rmqujsjths cm fhroiëàh m cjsphljejnjcicm piri i cmcj`iëàh  prmnjojlir ih pmr`ursh triëich piri h mxmr`ï`jh ci itjvjcicm psj`htmripmutj`i trilspmsshin, mvjtilch, issjo, `hlcuzjr inkuêo piri mxpmrjomltir iqujnh qum mnms prðprjhs làh sm prmpiririo ijlci piri vjvml`jir, smbi `hoh `njmltm, smbi `hoh tmripmuti. Ilhtm-sm qum h qum `iri`tmrjzi is tê`lj`is tmripâutj`is `hoh trilspmsshijs ê h smu phcmr cm trilsfhroir is pmr`mpëýms, hs smltjomlths, mohëýms m itjtucms ch jlcjvïcuh, hu smbi, h phcmr qum mnis tâo cm `hlcuzjr m jltmkrir i pmsshi mo lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji oijs mnmvichs cmltrh ch mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji. H qum is cjstjlkum cis cmoijs, cmltrh cm thch uo jomlsh irsmlin cm rm`urshs psj`htmripâutj`hs, ê qum mnis hebmtjvio i uoi vmrcicmjri trilsfhroiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji

 pmni supmriëàh ci cuinjcicm jophsti pmnh choïljh ch mkh. Thr mxmopnh, luo `hltmxth cm rijvi, i pmsshi làh ê mstjounici ipmlis i fizmr irqumhnhkji ci hrjkmo cmsti mohëàh piri phcmr mxprmssé-ni, mni ê tioeêo `hlcuzjci i trils`mlcâ-nh, mxpmrjml`jilch i trilsjthrjmcicm chs

 

fiths, cms`herjlch i jopmroilâl`ji cm tuch, `amkilch i uo mstékjh cm rmsjkljfj`iëàh chs mvmlths kmrichrms cm triuois hu, itê omsoh, in`ilëilch h smltjomlth cm iohr, i cmpmlcmr ci  prhfulcjcicm ci mxpmrjâl`ji. Cjvmrsis `unturis m fjnhshfjis iltjkis, tilth lh Hrjmltm quilth lh H`jcmltm, bé pritj`ivio virjicis tê`lj`is qum iopnjivio i `hls`jâl`ji. @ho h icvmlth ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin msté aivmlch uochs rmskitm cmssis prétj`is, tilth mo smus `hltmòchscmssi hrjkjlijs `hoh icipticis piri mxpnhriëàh cjvmrshs lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji. Vmrjfj`i-sm, fhroi, i jophrtål`ji qum iê `hlfmrjci phr msti iehrcikmo ih mstuch ci Iltrhphnhkji, ci Fjnhshfji, ci Ojthnhkji ]ljvmrsin m cis tricjëýms ountj`mltmlérjis hrjmltijs m h`jcmltijs. @itinhkiohs iquj inkuls chs rm`urshs oijs utjnjzichs mo lhssi `nïlj`i trilspmsshin, `hls`jmltms cm qum làh mskhtiohs m lmo `hltmopniohs thcis is `itmkhrjis cm tê`lj`is bé cmsmlvhnvjcis lh omjh trilspmsshin, `hltuch tmltiohs hrkiljzé-nis, cjstrjeujlch-is ci smkujltm fhroi2 9. `nirjfj`iëàh m nmjturi ch prh`mssh tmripâutj`h cmltrh cis `irthkrifjis trilspmsshijs2 mniehriëàh vmrein7 5. tê`lj`is mlvhnvmlch ohrtm-m-rmli`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h ch mkh7 0. omcjtiëàh7 3. mxmr`ï`jhs psj`hfïsj`hs7 =. shlahs jli`ieichs7 6. bhrlicis cm filtisji7 ;. tê`lj`is rmkrmssjvis7 1. tê`lj`is mlvhnvmlch prétj`is rmspjritðrjis7 :. cmsmlah ch oilcini7 94. mxmr`ï`jhs cm cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh ci iuth-joikmo. I ohtjviëàh cm iprmsmlté-nis msté njkici ä lm`mssjcicm, `ici vmz oijs momrkmltm, cm omjhs prhpj`jichrms cm mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji m cm iemrturi ch `hriëàh, cm fhroi i tmrohs uoi sh`jmcicm oijs jltmkrici m shnjcérji, `hltrjeujlch piri i fhroiëàh ci `jcicilji m i `hlfjkuriëàh cm uoi `jvjnjziëàh pnilmtérji siucévmn. I smkujr cms`rmvmrmohs cmtinaiciomltm mstis `itmkhrijs, prh`urilch sjtuir smus hebmtjvhs, h lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji qum sm prmtmlcm itjlkjr m is jlstruëýms lm`mssérjis ä sui ipnj`iëàh. Umjtmriohs qum is tê`lj`is sàh uo `iojlah cm mxprmssàh ci `hls`jâl`ji m sm ml`hltrio jlcjssh`jicis ch lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji cm qumo is utjnjzi, cm fhroi qum mnis sð sm thrlio trilspmsshijs quilch h tmripmuti qum is utjnjzi msté hpmrilch `ho uoi omltm/`hriëàh trilspmsshin, hu smbi, quilch msté piutich pmni êtj`i m phr uo prhfulch cmsmbh cm trilsfhroiëàh, ch thrlir-sm OIJP TMPPHI. =.9. @NIUJFJ@IËÀH M NMJS]UI CH TUH@MPPH SMUITÂ]SJ@H CMLSUH CIP @IUSHKUIFJIP SUILPTMPPHIJP2 MNIEHUIËÀH VMUEIN @hoh mo thci tmripji, h `hltith vmrein ê uo chs ohomlths oijs jophrtiltms ch trieinah tmripâutj`h, phjs phssjejnjti h prmsmltjfj`ir cis mxpmrjâl`jis vjvml`jicis lh fnuxh

hrcjlérjh ci `hls`jâl`ji. Li psj`htmripji trilspmsshin h `hltith vmrein ê fmjth cm fhroi jl`hrphrici,, hu smbi, h tmripmuti `houlj`i h vjvjch m pmr`mejch `ho i uljcicm omltm/`hrph, jl`hrphrici

 

smu `ioph mxpmrjml`jin, cm fhroi qum h vmrein icqujrm `hrphrinjcicm, thrli-sm mxpmrjâl`ji m làh ipmlis uoi iestriëàh. H vjvjch pmnh `njmltm ê prh`mssich lh `ioph ch tmripmuti qum prh`uri smlsjejnjzir-sm, oiltmr-sm iemrth, mlquilth h smu hesmrvichr trilspmsshin hrkiljzi uoi fini uoi  fini jl`hrphrici jl`hrphrici piri  piri cmvhnvmr ih `njmltm. Vmbiohs h mxmopnh i smkujr2  Ti`jmltm cm 5: ilhs `amki ä tmripji qumjxilch-sm ci cjfj`uncicm cm issuojr sui  sijci cm `isi, rmniti i tmlsàh `ho sui oàm. Mnms erjkio pmnis `hjsis oijs  sjopnms. Mlquilth ms`uti h qum msté smlch vmreinjzich, h tmripmuti cmjxi-sm th`ir pmnis pinivris, iëýms, kmsths, hnairms, thls ikuchs hu krivms ci vhz, tmlsýms, `hltriëýms ciqumnm ml`hltrh. Pmltm, liqumnm ohomlth, `ho sui `rjilëi jltmrjhr h cmsiopirh ci `rjilëi ch `njmltm qum mo hutrhs ml`hltrhs rmnitiré i iusâl`ji cm sui oàm curiltm hs prjomjrhs ilhs cm sui vjci phr ohtjvhs cm trieinah. M `ho sui oàm jltmrjhr, h tmripmuti ierm-sm piri pmr`memr i rmitjviëàh ci chr ci oàm phr pmrcmr h smu fjnah, phr oijs uoi vmz cmjxé-nh. Msti iemrturi phssjejnjti ih tmripmuti fhroir uoi joikmo iltms prmsmltm lh sjlthoi cis erjkis. Ikhri `ho uoi joikmo ml`irlici lis suis prðprjis vjvâl`jis, li  sui smlsjejnjcicm vjs`mrin, h tmripmuti phcm mltàh `houlj`é-ni ih `njmltm. `njmltm.  ‐    Mlquilth vh`â finivi, smltji `hoh ê cjfï`jn piri is `rjilëis vmrmo smus pijs  pirtjrmo, emo `hoh cmvm smr oujth chnhrhsh piri uoi oàm tmr qum cmjxir smu  fjnah mo `isi (jsth ê mxprmssh mo uoi njlkuikmo mxtrmoiomltm ifmtjvi m  smltjci, mni ê cjrm`jhlici piri i `rjilëi jltmrjhr ch `njmltm, mqujvinm i cjzmr2 mu `hoprmmlch). M `hl`nuj2  ‐    Cðj pmrcmr! (h `njmltm cmsiroi-sm, `ahri m fini ch quilth msté smlch cjfï`jn  pmrcmr m `rms`mr). ]oi  fini jl`hrphrici=3  sð ê phssïvmn mo uo mstich jltml`jhlin cm iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji, mo uo lïvmn inêo ch mkh, hlcm aé uoi iemrturi piri h „cmsohltm‟ ci jnusàh smpiritjvi mltrm omltm m `hrph m i `hlsmqumltm momrkâl`ji ch `ioph mxpmrjml`jin ==.  I mniehriëàh vmrein trilspmsshin tioeêo hebmtjvi i `nirjfj`iëàh m nmjturi ch prh`mssh tmripâutj`h, jl`nujlch h vjvml`jin, she h mlfhqum cis `irthkrifjis trilspmsshijs. Iquj h  psj`htmripmuti fiz ush cm smus `hlam`jomlths fjnhsðfj`h-iltrhphnðkj`hs, cm suis vjsýms ch lhvh  piricjkoi quåltj`h-rmnitjvjsti m chs irkuomlths tmðrj`h-vjvml`jijs trilspmsshijs ci liturmzi ci rminjcicm piri prhohvmr i iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji mo smu `njmltm. Pàh jlfhroiëýms cmstm  phrtm qum h psj`htmripmuti triz mo sui eikikmo, m qum trilsojtm li rmniëàh mxjstml`jin ih `njmltm quilch `hlsjcmri tijs rmfnmxýms ipnj`évmjs ä cjlåoj`i ch prh`mssh `ho h jltujth cm fivhrm`â-nh. Tiri sm mltmlcmr omnahr i ipnj`iejnjcicm cmssi `hlcuti, mxmopnjfj`iohs hs `ishs cm rjkjcmz mkðj`i rmfmrmltm ä mx`mssjvi prmh`upiëàh `ho i iuth-joikmo, cm sm mstir mo `hlfnjth mltrm i phnirjcicm qum sm mxprmssi `hoh h `mrth m h mrrich. Sijs `hlsjcmriëýms phcmo fivhrm`mr =3

 Thr fini  Thr  fini jl`hrphrici qumrmohs jl`hrphrici qumrmohs lhs rmfmrjr i làh cjssh`jiëàh mltrm omltm m `hrph prmsmltm curiltm i rmniëàh tmripâutj`i. ==

  Thr `ioph mxpmrml`jin  qumrmohs   qumrmohs lhs rmfmrjr ih prh`mssh qum sm mstiemnm`m li rmniëàh mltrm i thtinjcicm tmripmuti trilspmsshin m i thtinjcicm pi`jmltm, cm fhroi i phssjejnjtir h ipirm`jomlth cm uoi mxpmrjâl`ji làhcuin, mltriohs lmstm ohomlth li cjomlsàh cm uo òlj`h jl`hls`jmltm, msti fhroi cm `houj`iëàh issmomnaism ä `houj`iëàh cjinðkj`i prhphsti phr Euemr.

 

i trils`mlcâl`ji cmstm `hlfnjth, iuxjnjilch h `njmltm i sm pmrojtjr oijhr njemrcicm cm ms`hnai m i`mjtiëàh cm lhvis hpëýms quilch sm mxmopnjfj`i i rmnitjvjcicm cm `hl`mjths m vinhrms `hoh `mrth m mrrich mo cjfmrmltms `unturis (iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji lh mspiëh cm åoejth ajstðrj`h m kmh-phnïtj`h) m mo cjvmrsis êph`is (iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji lh tmoph). ]oi `hlcuti mfmtjvi, mo kmrin, `hlsjstm mo vinhrjzir ispm`ths ch `ioph `unturin. Thr mxmopnh, piri hs msqujoðs ê phlth hfmrm`mr ih vjsjtiltm huM aðspmcm sui prðprji msphsi piri cmjtir-sm `ho mnm i fjo cm cmahlri qum nam sjrvi smxuinomltm. `hlsjtuj ikrivm hfmlsi rmbmjtir msti hfmrti, `hlfjkurilch-sm ohtjvh cm erjki cm sêrjis prhphrëýms, rmprmsmltilch uo ith cm cmsi`ith ih ilfjtrjàh, qum ikju, smkulch msti `unturi, cm fhroi kmltjn m „`hrrmti‟ `ho h aðspmcm. Umfnmtm-sm mxpmrjml`jinomltm, mltàh, `ho h `njmltm, `hoh h ith cm hfmrm`mr i msphsi. Mo hutris `unturis, hutrhs mspiëhs kmhkréfj`hs, jsth phcm smr vjsth `hoh uo iesurch, fruth cm nhu`uri hu pmrvmrsàh, smlch h fith bunkich ohrinomltm `hlcmlévmn, jl`nusjvm pissïvmn cm smpiriëàh `hlbukin, hu hutris pmlinjcicms, `hoh i oirkjlinjziëàh sh`jin ch oirjch `hl`mcmltm. Hutrh mxmopnh sm cé mo rmniëàh ih ahohssmxuinjsoh. Li Jlchlêsji, h ahohssmxuin trivmstj ê `hlsjcmrich uo prjvjnêkjh luoi fioïnji. Hs „oirus‟, `hoh sàh `aioichs, sàh intiomltm rmspmjtichs m `hlsjcmrichs pmsshis iemlëhicis. Pàh fmjths nïcmrms `houljtérjhs, `hlsmnamjrhs, m rmsphlsévmjs pmnifjnah mcu`iëàh cismstm `rjilëis liscmincmjis. qum làhmo tmo uoi oiru, oujtis vmzms ms`hnam uo piri qum sm vjsti ounamrIm fioïnji trilsfhrom-sm uo, fjo cm sm smltjr ahlrici, ikri`jici. Mstm fith ijlci sm cé lhs cjis ituijs. it uijs. ]o hutrh fith phcm smr thoich `hoh mxmopnh, siem-sm qum mo êph`is rmohtis mri `houo, lh Sjemtm, qum is ounamrms phssuïssmo oijs cm uo oirjch, kmrinomltm jroàhs, piri qum fj`issmo lh omsoh `nà. Jsth sm civi pmnh fith ch oirjch tmr cm sijr piri nhlkis vjikmls m  pmni lm`mssjcicm cm kkiriltjr iriltjr qum i ounamr làh fj`issm shzjlai piri `ujcir chs emls ci fioïnji. Ituinomltm, mstm `hstuom msté eistiltm msqum`jch, `hlfjkurilch-sm ohlhkåoj`h h oitrjoóljh. Pmomnailtms `hlsjcmriëýms tioeêo sàh `ieïvmjs, iltms hu cmphjs cm inkuoi vjvâl`ji,  piri ibucir h `njmltm i i`mjtir hutris pmrspm`tjvis cm rminjcicm m sui njemrcicm mssml`jin cm smr, fivhrm`mlch sui cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh `ho i rjkjcmz cm vinhrms, cm `hl`mjths m i jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho uo mkh rïkjch, iopnjfj`ilch sui `hls`jâl`ji piri inêo ch `hlsmlsuin. Jssh fivhrm`m i  psj`hcjlåoj`i ci trilsfhroiëàh trilsfhroiëàh prhphsti phr Mnjili Emrthnu``j (9::=). Smohs ijlci is phltuiëýms ch psj`htmripmuti quilth ih lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji mo qum sm ml`hltri `hlm`tich h `njmltm lh qum tilkm äs `irthkrifjis trilspmsshijs. Fivhrm`mr mssi `hoprmmlsàh pmni cjlåoj`i ch prh`mssh ê eistiltm mstjouniltm lh qum cjz rmspmjth ih prjl`ïpjh cm i`mjtiëàh m mltrmki ch `njmltm. Mstm prjl`ïpjh msté emo mxpnj`jtich lh `ursh ch njvrh cm Emrthnu``j `jtich i`joi. =.5. SÊ@LJ@IP MLVHNVMLCH OHUSM-M-UMLIP@JOMLSH TPJ@HNÐKJ@H CH MKH Is tê`lj`is qum mlvhnvmo ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h ch mkh trieinaio `ho i jcêji cm qum h mkh ê uo `hlknhomrich cm oòntjpnis jcmltjfj`iëýms qum kilai uoi ipirmltm

shnjcmz m pmroilâl`ji quilch ch `hltith `ho h oulch mxtmrjhr, ois qum cm fith msté submjth ih ohvjomlth `hlstiltm ci cjlåoj`i cm trilsfhroiëàh ch Pmr, prhohvjci pmni jopmroilâl`ji. H  smr-lh-oulch   surkm jl`mssiltmomltm jlsmpirévmn ch ipirm`jomlth ch hebmth, cm fhroi qum i  smr-lh-oulch

 

`ici surkjomlth (rmlis`jomlth) momrkm uoi sêrjm cm fhrois cm pmlsir m ikjr cjfmrml`jichs, uoi lhvi iuth-joikmo mspm`ïfj`i. Mstm smr tioeêo shfrm oucilëis `hlstiltms qum intmrio i sui cjlåoj`i cm vjci, phssjejnjtilch h `hltith `ho uoi vmrcicmjri ohrtm psj`hnðkj`i, phjs intmrio i pmr`mpëàh ci sui iuth-joikmo m i sui prmsmlëi lh oulch. Msti vjsàh cjlåoj`i ci `hls`jâl`ji pmrojtm ih tmripmuti trilspmsshin `rjir uo mspiëh i`hnamchr ipiri fivhrm`mr i ohrtmcmpsj`hnðkj`i cm uoi iuth-joikmo mspm`ïfj`i. Issjo,h  phssjejnjti intmriëàh cm picrýms `rmlëis, pmlsiomlths m itjtucms7 emo `hoh ibuci rmlis`jomlth ch smr-lh-oulch. ch smr-lh-oulch.   Is tê`lj`is cm ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h ch mkh rmohltio ihs iltjkhs rjths cm  pissikmo   prmsmltms mo cjvmrsis `unturis il`mstrijs. Lmnms, hs ohomlths `rïtj`hs ch  pissikmo cmsmlvhnvjomlth auoilh (lis`jomlth, mltrici li `houljcicm, `isiomlth, mlvmnam`jomlth, ohrtm mt`.) mrio oir`ichs phr mvmlths `hnmtjvhs qum fivhrm`jio i mniehriëàh chs `hlfnjths  psïquj`hs. @ho h icvmlth ci rmvhnuëàh jlcustrjin, mstms mvmlths oir`iltms fhrio rmbmjtichs `hoh fruths cm prjojtjvjsoh, smlch rmtjrich ci pmsshi uo iphjh piri rmssjkljfj`iëàh chs ohomlths cm trilsjëàh m cm `hlfnjths, cjfj`untilch, issjo, hs prh`msshs cm `hlstruëàh m cms`hlstruëàh cis iuth-joikmls. Cmltrm is prjl`jpijs tê`lj`is utjnjzicis lmsti `itmkhrji tmohs i „rmspjriëàh „rmspjriëàh ahnhtrðpj`i‟  ahnhtrðpj`i‟  cm Krhf (5444, 9:::i), cms`rjtijltmlsh, su`jltiomltm @ip.iopniomltm JJJ cmstm njvrh. Mni iprmsmlti o phtml`jin trilsfhroichr mxtrmoiomltm tmlchlhsjch pmsqujsici phr uuo mstm iuthr m cjvunkici lh omjh trilspmsshin. I jcêji `mltrin cmsti tê`lj`i ê i cm qum itrivês ci rmspjriëàh fh`ici, `ho h iuxïnjh cm oòsj`i mvh`itjvi m iphjh tmripâutj`h ih ispm`th iuth-rminjzichr iuth -rminjzichr ch smr, i pmsshi phssi i`mssir lïvmjs oijs prhfulchs cm sui psjqum. H ush ci rmspjriëàh `hoejlich `ho i oòsj`i iopnji i `hls`jâl`ji, `hlcuzjlch i uoi suspmlsàh tmophrérji cis cmfmsis ch mkh, fivhrm`mlch h i`mssh ih jl`hls`jmltm m h cmsml`icmiomlth cm cjvmrsis trilsfhroiëýms. Oiths (9:;=, 9::=i), rminjzilch mstuchs `ho h prh`mssh cm ohrtm mo cjvmrsis `unturis, cmsmlvhnvmu i tê`lj`i „ohrtm-m„ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h ch mkh‟, cilch uoi krilcm `hltrjeujëàh piri msti `itmkhrji cm tê`lj`is. Cich h jopi`th trilsfhroichr qum ê `iusich lh mkh `ho h ush cm sui tê`lj`i, Oiths hrjmlti i sui utjnjziëàh ipmlis phr tmripmutis aiejnjtichs m she supmrvjsàh. Is tê`lj`is ci Smripji Umkrmssjvi Jltmkrin cm [hhnkmr (9:11, m oïomhs cjvmrshs) sàh mxtrmoiomltm mfj`izms piri prhohvmr prh`msshs cm ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`hs,  prjl`jpinomltm quilch sm triti cm fjxiëýms mo lïvmjs trilspmsshijs (jcmltjfj`iëàh `ho suepmrshlinjcicms itrjeuïcis i vjcis pissicis m ih pnilh irqumtïpj`h). (ipuc Omlmzms, 5443 i) I smkujr, mxpnj`jtirmohs inkuois tê`lj`is cm ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth ch mkh cmsmlvhnvjcis pmnhs trâs psj`htmripmutis i`joi `jtichs. Moeisichs li lhssi mxpmrjâl`ji `ho mstis tê`lj`is, mxmr`jtiohs mo lhssi prétj`i `nïlj`i uoi sïltmsm qum rmòlm ispm`ths cis trâs iehrcikmls injicis ä Tsj`hnhkji Eucjsti Sjemtili m ihs mstuchs sherm i ohrtm m h ohrrmr bulth i cjvmrsis tricjëýms ojnmlirms. Iurjlh Fmrrmjri i`rms`mlti ih smu trieinah `hlam`jomlths ci Ajplhtmripji Mrj`gshljili. =.5.9. Ohrrmr m rmlis`mr

Cm fhroi kmrin, is tê`lj`is chs rmfmrjchs psj`htmripmutis phcmo smr ipnj`icis i pirtjr ci vjvâl`ji cm uo Phlah Jli`ieich hu cm uoi cmtmrojlici sjtuiëàh rmnitici pmnh `njmltm qum

 

oiljfmstm sjlthoi cm ilsjmcicm i rmspmjth cm inkh prhbmtich piri h futurh, hu i ilkòstji cm uo fith pissich. Nêh Oiths (9:;;, 9::3 m 9::=) jlcj`i ih tmripmuti qum jlstrui h `njmltm piri qum mnm  pmrojti thtin njemrcicm li `hltjluiëàh ch Phlah Jli`ieich hu sjtuiëàh prhenmoi, `hoh sm mstjvmssm i`hltm`mlch „iquj-m„iquj-m-ikhri‟, ikhri‟, jlcuzjlch-h jlcuzjlch-h i mltrir mo `hltith `ho smus smltjomlths m jl`mltjvilch-h i joikjlir qum rminomltm i`hltmëi iqujnh qum mnm oijs tmom . Issjo, h tmripmuti mstiré pmrojtjlch qum h `njmltm mskhtm hs `hltmòchs qum momrkmo ch smu jl`hls`jmltm, li eus`i cm trilsfhroiëàh, fm`ailch kmstints fm`ailch kmstints `ho  `ho h ush ci joikjliëàh. [hhnkmr (supmrvjsàh) cmlhojli msti mtipi ch trieinah rmkrmssjvh rmkrmssjv h cm „mltrir pmnh sjlthoi‟, jltmlsjfj`ilch-h jltmlsjfj`ilch-h itrivês ci joikjliëàh, eus`ilch pmni rmsshlål`ji sjoeðnj`i i  prhohëàh ci `itirsm m i `nirjfj`iëàh `nirjfj`iëàh chs pnilhs ch `hopnmxh. Pmlch is tê`lj`is cm ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth mojlmltmomltm mxpmrjml`jijs m fmlhomlhnðkj`is, i iprmsmltiëàh cm `ish vjsi fi`jnjtir i vjsuinjziëàh ci cjlåoj`i mlvhnvjci lmstm prh`mssh. Cm fhroi qum `ici mtipi cmsti tê`lj`i smré smkujci phr uo mxmopnh `nïlj`h cm uoi ounamr cm 0= ilhs `ho qumjxi cm cjfj`uncicm lh rmni`jhliomlth prhfjssjhlin m qum lis  prjomjris smssýms cmsti`i issjo smu `hlfnjth2 „tuch om th`i  lh trieinah, is rmniëýms mstàh `amkilch ih oéxjoh cm tmlsàh. @amkumj i fizmr uoi pnéstj`i li tmltitjvi cm oucir qumo mu  shu piri smr i`mjti‟ (sj`).  (sj`).  54ª Pmssàh2 @njmltm `amki mxtrmoiomltm ilsjhsi, rmniti cm fhroi jltmlsi h  frikomlth cm uo shlah, hlcm mstivi mo uo nukir jshnich, shzjlai m tuch fj`ivi ms`urh ripjciomltm. Làh `hlsmkuji fizmr quinqumr rmniëàh `ho i`hltm`jomlths iltmrjhrms,  smltji ipmlis krilcm ilsjmcicm m „omch ch oin qum phcm ipirm`mr lh ms`urh‟7 mlquilth finivi ch shlah, mni ji fizmlch uo rm`uh cm ml`hnajomlth `ho h `hrph, m mltàh quilch fini ch „oin qum phcm ipirm`mr lh ms`urh‟ erus`iomltm ohvjomlti is oàhs mo cjrmëàh i érmi kmljtin m pmcm piri jr ih eilamjrh. Smripmuti (S) - Pmltici `hlfhrtivmnomltm, mltrilch mo `hltith `ho h smu `hrph... `ho i sui rmspjriëàh... vh`â fm`am smus hnahs m vij mltrilch lh oulch chs  shlahs... cm fhroi prhtmkjci m smkuri vh`â phcm rmnitir piri ojo h smu shlah, h jophrtiltm ê vh`â joikjlir `hoh sm mnm mstjvmssm i`hltm`mlch ikhri. ikh ri. @njmltm (@) ‐  (@) ‐  Mu  Mu mstivi mo uo nukir jshnich... (S) ‐  (S)  ‐   Nmoerm-sm2 Nmoerm-sm2 mnm msté, li sui joikjliëàh, i`hltm`mlch ikhri. Mltàh finm lh  prmsmltm „mu msthu mo uo nukir jshnich...‟  jshnich...‟  (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Mu  Mu msthu mo uo nukir jshnich. Làh tmo ljlkuêo `hojkh m cm rmpmltm tuch  fj`hu...fj`i ms`urh. Trhlth, tmrojlhu. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  ]silch   ]silch sui joikjliëàh vh`â phcm `hopnmtir h smu shlah, jl`nujlch h qum i`hltm`m `ho h „oin qum phcm ipirm`mr lh ms`urh‟.  ms`urh‟.   (@)  ‐   Such fj`i ms`urh... ms`urh... Làh vmbh lici, sjlth ipmlis uo prmssàh lh omu `hrph. (Mxprmssi tmlsàh lh rhsth m ohvjomlths lh `hrph) (S)  ‐   Jsth, vé icjiltm! I prmssàh vij iuomltilch `ici vmz oijs m h qum i`hltm`m8 @njmltm vhnti i rmpmtjr h ohvjomlth cm rm`uh lh `hrph, ml`hnamlch nmltiomltm is pmrlis, tjrilch hs pês ch `aàh.

(@) ‐  Aé (@) ‐   Aé uoi fhrtm prmssàh li ojlai eirrjki. (S)  ‐   Umspjrm répjch lmstm nukir, phlai thci sui itmlëàh lmstm nukir. (I rmspjriëàh fhj usici piri jltmlsjfj`ir h sjlthoi).

 

(@) - Smo inkh itmrrichr prðxj prðxjoh oh cm ojo, msthu mo pmrjkh. (iprmsmlti krilcm tmlsàh `hrphrin, `hltriju is pmrlis piri bulth ch `hrph, smkurilch-is fjromomltm). (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Jsth  Jsth vé icjiltm, h qum i`hltm`m, vé itê h fjlin! (@) - Pij cm pmrth cm ojo! Smo uo ohlstrh pmrth cm ojo. (ohvjomlti h `hrph luoi itjtucm cm nuti). Nêh Oiths (9::5`, supmrvjsàh) inmrti qum ê jophrtiltm qum h tmripmuti usm h  fmmnjlk  piri  piri  pmrojtjr qum h `njmltm phssi rm`hrrmr i smus om`iljsohs cm cmfmsi, chs quijs ijlci làh msté  prhlth piri ierjr oàh hu fnmxjejnjzé-nhs. Inkuois vmzms, ih jl`mltjvir qum h `njmltm mlfrmltm smus omchs joikjlilch qum sm thrlio rmijs, mnm prmfmrm fukjr `ho shnuëýms oujtis vmzms filtéstj`is. Mltrmtilth, msté tuch emo, cmltrh chs prmssuphsths ci joikjliëàh itjvi cm Bulk, rmspmjtilch is cmfmsis ch jl`hls`jmltm. Oujtis vmzms, h tmripmuti issjo h pmrojtm lhs ohomlths jlj`jijs ch prh`mssh, lis prjomjris smssýms, piri qum tàh nhkh sjlti h `njmltm  prmpirich, h jlstjkum i làh rminjzir shnuëýms oékj`is hu phssïvmjs, ois sjo mlfrmltir h smu omch ci ohrtm psj`hnðkj`i, joikjlilch qum rminomltm h pjhr i`hltm`m (Oiths, 9::=`,p. 9:-50). Fivhrm`m, mltàh, qum h `njmltm ` njmltm smbi nmvich i joikjlir sui prðprji ohrtm, omsoh qum smbi itrivês ci filtisji ci vmnaj`m m ohrtm liturin. (S) (S) ‐   ‐    Mnm `ho Ph`hrrh!! vh`â ikhri(@ahri) qumri) h ohlstrh ipirm`m!8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  H  H Mnmqum viji`hltm`m om cmvhrir. (@ah (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Vé  Vé icjiltm! H qum i`hltm`m8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Such  Such tmrojli (mxprmssàh fi`jin cm inïvjh), fuj cmvhrici, i`iehu. Ipðs h cmsfm`ah ci ohrtm joikjlérji, li tê`lj`i cm Nêh Oiths, h tmripmuti phcm `hlcuzjr piri qum h `njmltm siji ch `hrph `hoh `hls`jâl`ji/mspïrjth/mlmrkji qum tmstmoulai h fith, m vmbi ch nich hu ch inth thci iqumni `mli. Pmoprm jlcikilch `hoh h `njmltm sm smltm, h tmripmuti vij `hlcuzjlch-h piri itrivmssir is pirmcms hu, sm fhr h `ish, itrivmssir h tmth ch nh`in hlcm ohrrmu, m jr fnutuilch `ici vmz oijs inth, hesmrvilch h qum mxjstm né, m, cm `mrti fhroi, trizmlch i pmrspm`tjvi ci trilsjthrjmcicm quilch sjlinjzi2 „M h tmoph msté pissilch... @hoh vh`â sm smltm ikhri8‟  ikhri8‟  (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Ikhri   Ikhri qum tuch tmrojlhu. Fiëi i filtisji qum sm cjstil`ji nmltiomltm ch `hrph, prh`urm hesmrvir i `mli cm fhri. H qum msté smltjlch ikhri8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐   H H ohlstrh pirm`m qum làh ê tàh itmrrhrjzichr. Such tmrojlhu. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐   Jsth! Jsth! Oujth eho. Such tmrojlhu, fiz pirtm ch pissich, h qum SM SH@H] (âlfism iohrhsi li vhz) tmrojlhu. Vh`â vij suejlch `ici vmz oijs (`hnh`i-sm oòsj`i  suivm). M h tmoph msté pissilch... @hoh vh`â sm smltm ikhri8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐   Emo, Emo, omu `hrph nmvm. (Umnixi li `icmjri, shntilch h `hrph). (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Jsth!   Jsth! Oujth eho, shntilch tuch qum prm`jsi smr shnth, trilsfhroilch tuch qum tm th`hu, `hltjlum suejlch `ici vmz oijs m cjki-om h qum vh`â msté pmr`memlch8. [hhnkmr (supmrvjsàh) cmsti`i i jophrtål`ji cm rmfhrëir piri h `njmltm, cjiltm cm uoi ohrtm li vjci pissici, qum iqumni suepmrshlinjcicm sm `hls`jmltjzm cm qum bé ohrrmu, m sm jltmkrm ä pmrshlinjcicm ituin. Mnm jl`mltjvi h `njmltm i cms`rmvmr suis pmr`mpëýms joikjlérjis7 m quilch mstm rmfmrm inkuo irquêtjph qum jlcjqum iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji (nuz jltmlsi, mspiëh sjcmrin, prmsmlëi cm cmusms, Cmus, mspïrjths supmrjhrms hu il`mstrijs) shnj`jti-nam qum cmsfrutm

cmnm, cmjxilch qum i nuz hu inkuoi quinjcicm phsjtjvi ch pmr`mejch mlvhnvi thch h smu smr. Krhf fiz ush cis oòsj`is mvh`itjvis suivms piri jlcuzjr rmsphstis cm mxpilsàh i lïvmjs mnmvichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, jltmrfmrjlch ipmlis sm ahuvmr lm`mssjcicm cm ibuci lh ohomlth fjlin

 

cm jltmkriëàh. Nêh Oiths (supmrvjsàh), lh ohomlth ch fm`aiomlth ci mxpmrjâl`ji cm ohrtm-mrmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h, sukmrm i fusàh `ho irquêtjph cm nuz, `hoh uoi mstrmni cm `hr  erjnailtm (9::5`,p.54-55).  Li lhssi `nïlj`i fizmohs h ush ci joikjliëàh cm inkuoi fhroi (mstrmni, shn) hu quinjcicm (qumltm, erjlnailtm) cm nuz, phjs mstm pirm`m smr uo irquêtjph prmsmltm li oijhrji cis `unturis piri rmprmsmltir phsjtjviomltm supmrjhrms cm `hls`jâl`ji, emo `hoh pmsqujsis mlvhnvmlch i ohrtm m ih ohrtm ohrrmrm mhsislïvmjs cms`rjëýms cm pmsshis qum vjvmrio mxpmrjâl`jis cm quism ohrtm jlcj`io h ml`hltrh `ho nuz (Gþenmr-Uhss, 5444). (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Mstrmnis...  Mstrmnis... h `êu msté `amjh cm mstrmnis. (S)  ‐   Ms`hnai i mstrmni oijs erjnailtm m sm iprhxjom cmni (`njmltm iprmsmlti mxprmssàh fi`jin cm emo mstir)... iprhxjom-sm cmni m cmsfrutm prhtmkjciomltm... Cmjxm qum sui nuz thom `hlti cm vh`â m qum thch h smu smr trilsfhroi-sm mo nuz. M quilch vh`â mstjvmr `amji cm nuz, cjki2 sjo. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Pjo.  Pjo.  Li mtipi fjlin ci tê`lj`i, h tmripmuti cé uo ermvm tmoph piri qum h `njmltm cmsfrutm, smoprm nmoerilch qum eisti tmr i jltmlëàh cm qum jsth msté i`hltm`mlch ikhri. Tmrkulti `hoh h `njmltm sm smltm m prh`uri `hlcuzjr uoi bhrlici cm rmthrlh ä `hls`jâl`ji usuin. Tmcm qum mnm sm `hls`jmltjzm cm smus ierjlch smltjomlths m smlsiëýms prmsmltms ikhri. H tmripmuti pmcm qum vhntm i mssm ohomlth ci smssàh, hs hnahs hutri vmz. Jltmkrilch i mxpmrjâl`ji ä vjci ch `njmltm, pmcm qum mnm cjki `hoh smltm i sjtuiëàh qum kmrhu i vjvâl`ji ikhri, lmssm ohomlth. @ho jssh, h `njmltm phcmré cmphjs, jltmrliomltm, fizmr vérjis mniehriëýms, m mssi `hopiriëàh tioeêo ê jophrtiltm piri h prðprjh tmripmuti pmr`memr sm i kmstint  i  kmstint  rminomltm   rminomltm pirm`m fm`aici hu làh. Ê jophrtiltm mvjtir ri`jhlinjziëýms lmsti mtipi, cilch oijs âlfism ä `hls`jâl`ji moh`jhlin smltjci li thtinjcicm omltm/`hrph.  Lh ohomlth cm têrojlh ci vjvâl`ji, [hhnkmr (supmrvjsàh) sukmrm uo u o pmqumlh cjénhkh `ho is quinjcicms vjvml`jicis lmstm ohomlth, eus`ilch itjvé-nis lh rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h ci lhvi iuth-joikmo. Bé Oiths fiz ush ch phtml`jin `uritjvh ci vjsuinjziëàh, pmcjlch qum h `njmltm fiëi i filtisji qum `hoh nuz rmthrli ä tmrri m mltri mo smu `hrph, mvjtilch jltrhcuzjr cjénhkhs. Mo lhssi `nïlj`i quilch surkm i prmsmlëi cm shnuëýms filtéstj`is piri i ohrtm ci iuth-joikmo, fizmohs i jltmkriëàh `hoh Nêh Oiths sukmrm, `hltuch, quilch is cmfmsis ch mkh  pmrojtmo uoi iprhxjoiëàh oijhr ch `hlfnjth m i ohrtm ê mxprmssi `hoh sm fhssm i prðprji ohrtm psj`hnðkj`i ci iuth-joikmo, h ush ch cjénhkh `ho i pirtj`jpiëàh ch mkh, `hoh sukmrm [hhnkmr, fivhrm`m uoi oijhr jltmkriëàh chs `hltmòchs ci prhbmtichs ci shoeri. I smkujr iprmsmltirmohs h fjlin ci 54ª smssàh m h cmsfm`ah ci 55ª smssàh, hlcm surkju i ohrtm psj`hnðkj`i ci iuth-joikmo lmkitjvi.  lmkitjvi.   Fjlin ci 54ª Pmssàh (iquj h tmripmuti Iurjlh Fmrrmjri oms`nhu i tê`lj`i cm ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth, `ho iehrcikmo ci ajplhtmripji mrj`gshljili). (S) ‐  @hoh (S) ‐   @hoh vh`â sm smltm `amji cm nuz8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Emo,  Emo, oujth emo. (S) - Ikhri qumrh qum `hoh nuz vh`â vhntm piri h iquj-m-ikhri, rmlis`mlch... ml`amlch mstm `hrph cm nuz. Srilsfhroilch tuch `ho i nuz, tuch qum prm`jsm smr

trilsfhroich piri qum vh`â tmlai uoi lhvi vjci. (`njmltm fiz ohvjomlths nmvms `ho h `hrph, `hoh sm mstjvm ml`amlch-sm cm nuz) Jsth! Oujth eho, vhntilch lmstm lhvh `hrph, lmsti lhvi vjci, mxpilcjlch m cmjxilch sui omltm séeji `hltjluir trieinailch piri

 

 smu `rms`jomlth. Jsth! Ierjlch hs hnahs `hlfhrtivmnomltm... hnailch piri ojo... oujth eho! 55ª Pmssàh  Li smssàh iltmrjhr, i `njmltm trhuxm `hoh fh`h i iemrturi piri hnair is pmsshis ch trieinah cm fhroi omlhs cmfmlsjvi. Cjssm tmr fj`ich joprmssjhlici `ho h ohlstrh m qum li jlfål`ji omch ms`urh. Iurjlh Fmrrmjriä jlfål`ji, cmsnh`hufinilch h cjénhkh itrivês tê`lj`i Mnm cm rmkrmssàhtjlai eismici mo cm issh`jiëàh, issh`jiëàh, m  m mni rmthrlhu ch smu omch ci ch ms`urh. sukmrju, mltàh, ä `njmltm qum i sui omltm séeji phcmrji ih nhlkh ci smoili ibucé-ni i ml`hltrir, itrivês ch shlah, i hrjkmo ch omch.  Ti`jmltm `amki i 55ª ssmssàh mssàh cjzmlch qum làh pirhu cm pmlsir lh ohlstrh m qum is `hjsis ch trieinah làh i mstàh „th`ilch oijs‟ `hoh iltms. Cjz làh tmr shlailch `ho lici, ois quilch i`hrchu pmni oilaà pmlshu `hoh smrji uoi lhvi nuti `ho h ohlstrh. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐   Vh`â Vh`â pirm`m mstir om cjzmlch qum h ohlstrh làh ê oijs tàh phcmrhsh m qum i omljli, cm qumo vh`â finhu li smssàh iltmrjhr, smltm-sm oijs smkuri phrqum i sui  pirtm icunti phcm prhtmkâ-ni (om vmo ä joikmo cm smus fjnahs, i qumo mni cmcj`i uo  krilcm iohr), issjo `hoh prhtmkm i smus fjnahs (ush mssi fini `hoh uoi fhroi cm itjviëàh iuth-joikmo cm prhtmëàh chmopitji icunth icipirtjr `njmltm), làh cmjxilch ljlkuêo th`ir lmnicismo pmrojssàh (eus`i cm `rjir ch `ioph mxpmrml`jin, phjs jltmrliomltm sjlth uoi jlqujmtiëàh, `hoh sm inkh mstjvmssm piri i`hltm`mr). (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Ê  Ê vmrcicm. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Mltàh  Mltàh vh`â phcm lhviomltm fizmr i filtisji qum vhnti äqumnm shlah m qum i omljli qum tjlai omch ch ms`urh mlfrmlti h ohlstrh `ho i ibuci ci sui pirtm icunti.  Ê sð fm`air hs hnahs, rmnixir m jr joikjlilch... prhtmkjciomltm joikjlilch. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Mstrilah,  Mstrilah, vmbh i `isi ci fizmlci ch omu tjh. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Mstrilah!  Mstrilah! Vé icjiltm, sjki prhtmkjciomltm. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Mu  Mu lul`i mstjvm né quilch `rjilëi. M quilch pissmj lh `hl`ursh piri omu moprmkh tjrmj uls cjis cm fêrjis né, tjvm finti cm c m ir, rijvi m omch, prjl`jpinomltm ä lhjtm. (`homëi i ml`hnamr h `hrph m i ipmrtir is oàhs ilsjhsiomltm). (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Joikjlm  Joikjlm qum vh`â ml`hltri h ohlstrh ij, lmstm nukir. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Làh  Làh sjlth ohlstrh lmlauo, ois uoi krilcm oàh om ipmrtilch li pirmcm, mni om th`i. Sé ms`urh (fini mo tho jlfiltjn). Smlah omch! (`hltrij thch `hrph, sm cmeitm li `icmjri, `ahri jltmlsiomltm). (S)  ‐   Vé icjiltm, h qum msté i`hltm`mlch `ho vh`â `rjilëi (itjviëàh ch  pmrshlikmo `rjilëi). (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  I  I oàh om msoiki li pirmcm, mni om th`i. Mnm ieusi cm ojo. Làh ikþmlth,  prmfjrh ohrrmr. (`ahri prhfulciomltm) (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  @rjilëi  @rjilëi th`ici `hoh vh`â ohrrm8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Phu  Phu msoikici li pirmcm, tuch fj`i ms`urh, ohrrj. Smrojlhu. (S)  ‐   Jsth! Smrojlhu, omljli, ljlkuêo oijs vij ieusir cm vh`â. Ljlkuêo vij th`ir mo vh`â smo sui pmrojssàh. Pij cmstm `hrph (ohrtm ci iuth-joikmo). H qum i`hltm`m `ho vh`â ikhri8

(@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Pijm  Pijm cmstm nukir, i nui msté oujth ehljti, e hljti, sui nuz om i`inoi.

 

(S)  ‐  Jsth, (S) ‐   Jsth, ml`ai-sm cm nuz, cmjxm qum i fhrëi ci oàm nui `ujcm prhfulciomltm cm vh`â. @urm prhfulciomltm smu PMU. Yuilch vh`â mstjvmr `amji cmsti nuz cjki-om2 sjo. (@hnh`h i oòsj`i Cmmp Tmi`m) (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  (Nékrjois  (Nékrjois m mxprmssàh cm fmnj`jcicm) Pjo. (S)  ‐   Lh jlj`jh ci smssàh vh`â om finhu qum h ohlstrh làh ê tàh phcmrhsh m ikhri omljli.qum msté `amji cmsti nuz, vh`â phcm rmthrlir piri cmltrh ci `isi m ibucir iqumni (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Mltrh  Mltrh li `isi, lh quirth... (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Jsth,  Jsth, usm sui fhrëi, sui nuz... (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  I  I omljli msté msoikici li pirmcm m h ahomo msté ipmrtilch-i. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐   H H qum vh`â qumr fizmr piri ibucir i omljli8 (trieinah `ho hs mstihcs cm mkh ci ajplhtmripji mrj`gshljili).=6   (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Phntm-i,  Phntm-i, tjrm suis oàhs cmni (icqujrm uoi phsturi `hrphrin cm jlcjkliëàh). (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Jsth!  Jsth! Finm piri mnm, vé icjiltm. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Vh`â  Vh`â ê uo `hvircm! Vh`â msté th`ilch mo uoi `rjilëi. Mni làh siem h qum vh`â msté fizmlch, vh`â msté trijlch sui `hlfjilëi. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  H  H qum mnm msté cjzmlch lmstm ohomlth. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐   Yum Yum mni qumrji smr th`ici, qum mni ê sifici m qum vij cjzmr piri oàm cmni thci oincicm (`ahri). (S) ‐  (S)  ‐   Fini Fini `ho i `rjilëi, cjki h qum vh`â `hoh icunti `amji cm nuz siem sherm jsth. Vé icjiltm, vh`â phcm finir. (@)  ‐   Vh`â ê njvrm kirhtjlai, ljlkuêo cmvm fizmr jsth `ho uoi `rjilëi... làh mxjstm `rjilëi sifici, lðs viohs sjo, cjzmr i oioàm, phjs jsth làh sm fiz `ho uoi `rjilëi. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Jsth!  Jsth! Vé icjiltm. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐   Mu Mu tjlai omch cm vh`â, omch qum ojlai oàm shfrmssm `ho tuch, phr jssh mu msqum`j, ois ikhri tmrojlhu. Mu pmkh i `rjilëi m `hnh`h lhs omus eriëhs (fiz uo kmsth cm i`hl`amkh `ho hs eriëhs). Piji ci ojlai vjci (fini cjrm`jhlici ih ieusichr)!Vh`â  fhj uo ohlstrh... (`ahri). (S)  ‐   Oujth eho! Cjki-nam2 Cjki-nam2 „mu msthu njvrm cm vh`â. Vh`â Vh`â làh ê cjklh cm om i`hopilair, vh`â msté njvrm piri ml`hltrir h smu prðprjh cmstjlh‟.  cmstjlh‟.   (@) ‐  (@)  ‐   Mu Mu msthu njvrm cm vh`â... h tmth ch quirth ierju m i nuz ci nui mltrhu... m  sjlth oujth phr vh`â tmr triïch ojlai `hlfjilëi, vh`â làh ê cjklh cm om i`hopilair.  Mu ierh i phrti... vh`â msté njvrm piri smkujr... Mnm fhj moehri. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐   @hlvmrsm @hlvmrsm `ho i omljli... vh`â phcm `ujcir cmni ikhri. Cjki-nam qum smltm oujth phr tuch qum i`hltm`mu, ois qum ikhri vh`â phcm `ujcir cmni. Mni sm si`rjfj`hu  pmnhs pijs, piri làh trizmr shfrjomlth i fioïnji, ois ikhri tuch pisshu, tmrojlhu. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐   Smrojlhu Smrojlhu kirhtjlai... sjlth oujth, sjlth phr làh tmr finich, ois mu fjz tuch  phr iohr. Ikhri mu vhu `ujcir cm vh`â (fiz kmsth cm ieriëh m `ahri `hpjhsiomltm). (S)  ‐   Cmjxm is nékrjois nivirmo tuch qum prm`jsi ijlci smr nivich, `ujcm  prhfulciomltm cmsti `rjilëi, sjlti h qum mni cmsmbi oijs prhfulciomltm. prhfulciomltm.

=6 Uhkmr

[hhnkmr sukmrm qum omsoh lh eirch (pmrïhch ipðs i ohrtm ch pmrshlikmo) h pmrshlikmo rmthom ä `mli fhrtinm`jch phr inkuo rm`ursh. Thr mxmopnh2 iuxïnjh cm iljoin cm phcmr piri nutir `hltri h ieusichr m vml`â-nh, hu mvh`iëàh cm irquêtjphs il`mstrijs, prhtmthrms, fiojnjirms mt`. Bé Nêh Oiths `hlcuz h  pmrshlikmo, ipðs i sui ohrtm, cjrmtiomltm cjrmtiomltm piri h irquêtjph ch rmlis`jomlth rmlis`jomlth itrivês itrivês ci nuz.

 

(@) ‐  Mni (@) ‐   Mni ikhri msti `hrrmlch njvrm, shnti... (S) ‐  (S)  ‐   Sriki Sriki msti inmkrji piri smu `hrph ikhri, cmjxm msti njemrcicm fnujr lh smu `hrph ikhri. Pjlti-sm jltmkrici `ho msti `rjilëi. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Pjlth  Pjlth omu `hrph njvrm, `hoh sm tjvmssm lis`jch ikhri. (S)  ‐   Vé omxmlch nmltiomltm h smu `hrph, jltmkrilch i njemrcicm... lis`mlch  piri uo lhvi vjci... Yuilch vh`â qujsmr, ieri hs hnahs, `hls`jmltm piri msti lhvi vjci.  vjci.  Nêh Oiths (supmrvjsàh) pmcm qum lh ohomlth mo qum h `njmltm ieri hs hnahs, hnam piri h tmripmuti m, fjxilch h hnair, cjki `hls`jmltmomltm `hoh sm smltm mo rmniëàh ih tmoi iehrcich li vjvâl`ji hu äqumni qumstàh jlj`jinomltm tritici.Ligmjci cm Njoi (`houlj`iëàh  pmsshin), inêo cmssm prh`mcjomlth, pmcm qum h `njmltm fm`am hs hnahs lhviomltm m „oiltmlch mssm mstich, iuthrjzm smu jl`hls`jmltm i `hltjluir mssm trieinah `urilch h qum prm`jsi smr `urich, trilsfhroilch h qum prm`jsi smr trilsfhroich, cm uo ohch prhtmkjch m smkurh‟ smkurh ‟ li mxiti omcjci ci lm`mssjcicm ch `njmltm. Nhkh ipðs, h `njmltm phcmré ierjr hs hnahs, ois tmré uoi `hlsjkli `hls`jmltm cm `hltjlujcicm lh prh`mssh cm cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh m jltmkriëàh jltmrli chs ispm`ths nuz m shoeri. Jophrti ijlci i`rms`mltir qum i mxpmrjâl`ji cm ohrtm m rmlis`jomlth tmo uo cjfmrml`jin ämx`nusàh omcjciciqum phssjejnjti „shoeri‟. „shoeri‟.    h rm`hlam`jomlth ch phcmr jltmrlh cm `hlfrhlth m supmriëàh smo =.5.5. Tsj`hcrioi ch lis`jomlth  LÏVMN2 pmrjlitin m trilspmsshin SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 krupin HEBMSJVH2 fivhrm`mr h rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h JLPSU]ËÀH H `njmltm mltri vmlcich li sini mo pmluoeri, hlcm tuch bé msté prmpirich (`hn`aýms lh `aàh) ruoh i uo fjlin hlcm mxjstm uoi u oi niltmrli ml`hemrti phr nmlëðjs eril`hs, fizmlch uo fh`h cm nuz cjfusi, jlj`jinomltm ipikici. H tmripmuti-pirtmjrh psj`hnðkj`h jlstruj h `njmltm pissh i  pissh, sussurilch-nam, oir`ilch is mtipis cis oitrjzms smo lhomé-nis7 jlcuzjlch h `njmltm i vjvml`jir `ici oitrjz itrivês cm oòsj`is mvh`itjvis mvh `itjvis mspm`ïfj`is. H tmripmuti sussuri ihs huvjchs ch `njmltm2 Vh`â vij tmr uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cm trilsfhroiëàh jltmrjhr, h qum lis `unturis iltjkis mri `hlam`jci `hoh prh`mssh cm ohrtm m rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h... Ikhri, prhtmkjciomltm, vh`â vij sm cmjtir mo phsjëàh fmtin lh `hn`aàh qum msti i sui frmltm... prh`urilch fm`air hs hnahs she i vmlci. (ipðs sm cmjtir h `njmltm ê `hemrth `ho uo nmlëhn). Srilqþjniomltm m prhtmkjciomltm vh`â sm mltrmki i msti mxpmrjâl`ji... mu vhu th`ir mo vh`â (`hnh`i i oàh sherm hs hoerhs ch `njmltm, ifikilch-h `ujcichsiomltm). Jsth, oujth eho... sjltism trilqþjnh (`hnh`i-sm uoi oòsj`i suivm, `hoh shls cm ékui, shls cm einmji, khnfjlahs hu oòsj`i jlstruomltin `ho tmois cm ljlir)... Cmjxilch i oòsj`i mlvhnvmr h smu `hrph... vh`â vij prh`urilch smltjr is smlsiëýms ch smu `hrph mlquilth huvm i oòsj`i (`homëi i moeinir `inoiomltm h `njmltm luo ohvjomlth cm ljlir, hebmtjvilch

fivhrm`mr i rmkrmssàh).

Oitrjz J (oiltmr oòsj`i suivm)

 

Ikhri vh`â msté smlch lutrjch, `ujcich, rm`memlch tuch h qum vh`â prm`jsi piri smltjr-sm  emo... (ih fjlin ci piusi nhlki, pirir i oòsj`i). oòsj`i).

Oitrjz  JJ  (suspmlsàh ci oòsj`i) H tmoph vij pissilch... pissilch... M ikhri mstm nukir thrlhu-sm cjfï`jn, ipmrtich... ipmrtich (h tmripmuti `ho i ibuci ch smu `hrph m cm inohficis prmssjhli fhrtmomltm h `hrph ch `njmltm), làh ê phssïvmn `hltjluir iï, ois vh`â ijlci làh vâ lmlauoi siïci... (sjnâl`jh, piusi) Msté fj`ilch `ici vmz oijs ipmrtich, oijs cjfï`jn cm `hltjluir iï... (ijlci sjnâl`jh). Oitrjz JJJ (Oòsj`i cm iëàh, jlstruomltin, sukmrjlch tmlsàh) Ikhri vh`â vâ uo tòlmn... uo tòlmn oujth ipmrtich... Aé uoi `nirjcicm lh fjlin ch tòlmn... ê i òlj`i siïci, m vh`â usi thch h smu `hrph piri sijr ciï, itrivês cmssm tòlmn (I`mlcm i niltmrli lmssi ahri, m mstjouni smkujr mo cjrmëàh ä nuz). Vh`â `homëi i pmr`memr uoi nuz lh fjo ch tòlmn m usi thch h smu `hrph piri sijr ciï... mo cjrmëàh ä nuz... sjki, vé icjiltm (h fi`jnjtichr-pirtmjrh pmrojtm njemriëàh ci `iemëi m vij njemrilch h rmsth ch `hrph, fivhrm`mlch qum h `njmltm sm ml`iojlam piri nuz ci niltmrli)... Vé mo frmltm! Nutm! Vh`â ê `ipiz! Vh`â  phcm! Vh`â phcm `amkir i nuz! (H tmripmuti cmvm fivhrm`mr i siïci `hopnmti ch `njmltm ci sjtuiëàh cm prmssàh7 lh ohomlth fjlin ci siïci jltrhcuzjr oòsj`i iphtmðtj`i) krilcm Oitrjz msfhrëh)JV  (Oòsj`i iphtmðtj`i, qum sukjri vjtðrji, njemrcicm, su`mssh, inïvjh cmphjs cm Ikhri vh`â rmspjri injvjich, `homëi i ierjr thtinomltm hs hnahs m ml`hltri i nuz. I nuz cm sui vjci... (H `njmltm vij `amkilch prðxjoh ä nuz). Vjtðrji! Vh`â `hlsmkuju! Issuoi i sui nuz, i sui vjci! ]sm h smu `hrph piri mxprmssir h smu smltjomlth... @hoh vh`â sm smltm ikhri quilch vh`â `amki vjthrjhsh ih fjo cmssi krilcm bhrlici ch smu lis`jomlth. Mssm ohomlth ê thch smu. Cmsfrutm, prhfulciomltm...(Tiusi). @ujcichs lm`mssérjhs2 Curiltm msti tê`lj`i phcm h`hrrmr smlsiëàh cm sufh`iëàh, cmsmspmrh, `ahrh, pinpjtiëàh mt`., qum kmrinomltm sm rmpmtm li vjci mo h`isjýms cm mlfrmltiomlth cm cmsifjhs, sukmrjlch sjlthois pmrjlitijs. @ish h `njlmtm sjlti sufh`iëàh m cmsmspmrh li Oitrjz JJ, h tmripmuti phcm mstjouné-nh `ho pinivris cm iphjh m prhtmëàh, `aioilch-h pmnhphrêo lhom,qum nmoerilch-nam vjvâl`ji njvrm piri `hltjluir hu làh, siem qum mnm êqum `ipiêz uoi `ipiz cm jr itê h fjo mcmqumfiltisji, smré ehoqum piri p iriê mnm. Sioeêo, lmstms `ishs cjfï`mjs, h tmripmuti cmvm injvjir i prmssàh, ifrhuxir is inohficis m nmviltir uo phu`h h `hemrthr ch rhsth piri qum mnm rmspjrm omnahr, m ipmlis `hltjlum filtisjilch qum msté luo nh`in fm`aich smo siïci. Msti tê`lj`i lul`i cmvm smr ipnj`ici smo i prmsmlëi cm uo tmripmuti mxpmrjmltm mo mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji. =.5.0. Vjsuinjziëàh ch prðprjh msqumnmth  LÏVMN2 pmrjlitin m trilspmsshin SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin HEBMSJVH2 fivhrm`mr i ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h ch mkh i pirtjr ch `hltith

`ho i joikmo ci trilsjthrjmcicm ch `hrph7 itjviëàh ci joikjliëàh `rjitjvi piri rm`hlstrujr uoi iuth-joikmo phsjtjvi. Bhrlici jlspjrici lis prétj`is cm @aöc ci Tsj`hnhkji Eucjsti Sjemtili.

 

JLPSU]ËÀH 9² Smoph -Umnixiomlth jlj`jin Pmltich hu cmjtich vh`â phcm `inoiomltm m prhtmkjciomltm jr ml`hltrilch uo `iojlah  piri rmnixir h smu `hrph... lh smu rjtoh cmjxm qum i rmspjriëàh fnui njvrmomltm cmltrh chs smus  punoýms, ierjlch mspiëh piri is trilsfhroiëýms lm`mssérjis i sui vjci... Pjki h rjtoh ci sui rmspjriëàh... prh`urilch trilqujniomltm ml`hltrir uo mstich cm itmlëàh pnmli... fj`ilch lh  prmsmltm... li rmspjriëàh, mlquilth h hxjkâljh vij fnujlch njvrmomltm ih nhlkh ch smu `hrph. Mxpjrilch, shntm is tmlsýms... shntm h kés `ireólj`h m jlspjrilch cmjxm qum h hxjkâljh fnui njvrmomltm mo smu `hrph. 5² Smoph ‐  Jltrhcuëàh  Jltrhcuëàh ci trilsjthrjmcicm hu oucilëi Issjo `hoh h ir prm`jsi smr trh`ich mo smu `hrph... thci liturmzi msté submjti i oucilëi, i trilsjthrjmcicm msté prmsmltm mo tuch... h ir mltri m sij `hltjluiciomltm... oucilch... trilsfhroilch... Ibucilch i rmlhvir m prhohvmr is oucilëis. Hs `j`nhs cm trilsfhroiëýms sàh lm`mssérjhs ih lhssh `rms`jomlth. Mlquilth vh`â rmspjri lmstm ohomlth is `ênunis ch smu `hrph mstàh mo trilsfhroiëàh... ibucilch i `hophr hs ðrkàhs qum mstàh trieinailch prhtmkjciomltm piri h smu emo-mstir. Is `ênunis sm trilsfhroio mo ohnê`unis... qum sm trilsfhroio mo éthohs... tuch msté mo `hlstiltm oucilëi.  ‐  Vjsuinjziëàh ch msqumnmth 0² H Smoph `hrph uo cji tioeêo jré oucir `hopnmtiomltm... Is `ênunis jràh pissir phr uo  prhfulch `j`nh cm oucilëi, cmjxilch ipirm`mr h msqumnmth. Joikjlm uo msqumnmth cjiltm cm vh`â. Mnm ê h rmsuntich cm uoi prhfulci trilsfhroiëàh ci liturmzi... @inoiomltm, vmbi `hoh vh`â sm smltm cjiltm cmnm... Cm fhroi prhtmkjci thom `hls`jâl`ji qum ê issjo qum h smu `hrph vij fj`ir uo cji... (piusi oijhr). Ikhri joikjlm qum mstm ê h smu msqumnmth... m trilqþjniomltm filtisjm qum vh`â sm trilsfhroi lmstm msqumnmth ikhri. Iprhvmjtilch piri shntir tuch qum  prm`jsi smr shnth m njemrir thcis is fhltms cm tmlsàh qum mstàh lh smu `hrph. Phntm, sjopnmsomltm shntm h `hrph, cmjxm is `ênunis sm trilsfhroirmo mo ohnê`unis... m mstis sm trilsfhroirmo mo éthohs... tuch sm trilsfhroi...Umspjrm m shntm!... prhtmkjciomltm, shntm!... shntm h `hrph, rmspjrm m shntm!.... 3² Smoph ‐  Um`hlstruëàh  Um`hlstruëàh ci iuth-joikmo

M ikhri msté njvrm, shnth... fiëi i filtisji qum mstm msqumnmth msté smfhroilch rmlhvilch... ml`amlch-sm cmqum vjcivh`â ih rjtoh ci sui rmspjriëàh. Trh`urilch joikjlir is `ênunis hs ðrkàhs sicjhs... trilqþjniomltm vh`â phcm jr rm`hophlch h smu `hrph... oucilch iqujnh qum  prm`jsi smr oucich, cm fhroi i qum vh`â phssi cmsfrutir i vjci pnmliomltm. Um`hophlch smus  pês m pmrlis... smltjlch-hs fjroms piri `iojlair. Um`hophlch h smu quicrjn... ml`amlch cm vjci i sui smxuinjcicm. Um`hophlch h tðrix m thchs hs smus ðrkàhs... rmspjrilch vjci... h `hriëàh  eitmlch vjci... Um`hophlch suis oàhs m eriëhs... rmspjrilch vjci, cmsfrutilch sui lhvi vjci... Um`hophlch smus hoerhs m lu`i... sui `iemëi... rmspjrilch vjci. Um`hophlch thci sui pmnm, cmjxilch-i `amji cm vjci. Cmsfrutilch sui lhvi vjci... @hoh vh`â smltm ikhri quilch msté `amjh cm vjci8... M ikhri `amjh cm vjci triki ohvjomlth ih smu lhvh `hrph. Pmltjlch-h jltmkrich m `amjh cm vjci... Umspjrilch `inoiomltm m prhfulciomltm trâs vmzms... lh smu tmoph vh`â phcm ierjr hs hnahs piri msti lhvi vjci.

 

=.0. OMCJSIËÀH  Li tmrojlhnhkji yhkum h tmroh omcjtiëàh ê  Cayili  Cayili   qum njtmrinomltm sjkljfj`i „fnujr ci omltm‟. Ê uo mstich cm `hl`mltriëàh/itmlëàh lh prmsmltm, qum pmrojtm ä omltm fnujr njvrmomltm mo cjrmëàh i lïvmjs oijs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji.  Li prétj`i `nïlj`i trilspmsshin i omcjtiëàh ê jl`nuïci kmrinomltm `hoh uo rm`ursh `hopnmomltir ci psj`htmripji, vjsilch i fnmxjejnjziëàh ci omltm m fi`jnjtilch mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji oijs `nirhs m prhfulchs. @hltuch, h phlth `mltrin ci omcjtiëàh mo Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin ê pmrojtjr i pmsshi pmroilm`mr lh prmsmltm, jl`hrphrici mo omltm/`hrph m iemrti  piri h fnuxh cm thcis is oiljfmstiëýms oiljfmstiëýms phssïvjms cm `hltith. [jnemr (9:::e) iphlti qum i omcjtiëàh, mo psj`htmripji, „làh ê uo omjh cm ms`ivir is mstruturis jlfmrjhrms m rmprjojcis ch jl`hls`jmltm‟ (p.950), piri (p.950), piri jssh is tê`lj`is cm `hlstruëàh cm mstruturi, is tê`lj`is cm rmvmniëàh, cm ilésnjsm cm  s`rjp  s`rjp   m i tê`lj`i ch cjénhkh sh`rétj`h, cmsmlvhnvjcis pmni psj`hnhkji h`jcmltin, sàh eistiltm répjcis m mfj`izms. I omcjtiëàh smrji mltàh „uoi fhroi cm fi`jnjtir i momrkâl`ji, h `rms`jomlth m h cmsmlvhnvjomlth cm mstruturis  supmrjhrms ci `hls`jâl`ji‟ (jcmo, p.950). p.950).   Mstm iuthr iphlti qum i `hlfusàh mltrm mstms hebmtjvhs rmcuz i omcjtiëàh, lh oïljoh, i uoi „rmkrmssàh i smrvjëh ch mkh‟, quilch li rminjcicm suip.953). vmrcicmjri omti ê fivhrm`mr uoi „ prhkrmssàh „ prhkrmssàh i smrvjëh ci trils`mlcâl`ji ch mkh‟ (jcmo, p.953) . Ituinomltm, lh oulch h`jcmltin, h`hrrm uoi jlvisàh cis prétj`is omcjtitjvis hrjmltijs, tilth `ho hebmtjvhs tmripâutj`hs quilth `ho prhpðsjths mx`nusjviomltm mspjrjtuijs. Bé sàh ch `hlam`jomlth pòenj`h hs mfmjths fjsjhnðkj`hs m psj`hnðkj`hs ci prétj`i omcjtitjvi2 eijxi i  prmssàh silkuïlmi itrivês ci mstjouniëàh ch ajphténioh, cjojluj i itjvjcicm ch sjstmoi lmrvhsh sjopétj`h, iuomlti i hxjkmliëàh, rmcuz i prhcuëàh m h i`òounh ch é`jch nétj`h lhs oòs`unhs, rmcuz i punsiëàh `ircïi`i, iuomlti i pmr`mpëàh iucjtjvi m h rmfnmxh ci `hhrcmliëàh ohthri, m iopnji i pmr`mpëàh `hrphrin.  Lh åoejth psj`hnðkj`h fivhrm`m h iuomlth ci pmr`mpëàh cjojlujlch is cjsthrëýms  pmr`mptuijs, rmcuz h cjénhkh jltmrlh prmcjsphlch ä smrmljcicm omltin m ä trilqþjnjcicm moh`jhlin, cmsmlvhnvm i smlsjejnjcicm pmr`mptjvi m jltrhspm`tjvi, `hltrjeuj piri h iuth`hlam`jomlh, ifistichmohëýms jlicmquicis m jl`óohcis `hoh omch, rijvi, m hutris, fivhrm`mlch h cmspmrtir cjs`mrljomlth, ci inmkrji m ch iohr uljvmrsin. Is pmsqujsis rmvmnio qum, lh ispm`th tmripâutj`h, i omcjtiëàh ê mfj`iz mo `ishs cm ilsjmcicm, fhejis, tmlsàh ous`unir, jlsólji, mstrmssm m cmpmlcâl`jis cm crhkis nmvilch i i`mltuici oucilëi lh `hophrtiomlth, ois i prétj`i ê `hltri-jlcj`ici piri msqujzðjcms phrqum  phcmo pjhrir i iprmmlsàh ci rminjcicm7 piri hs hesmssjvhs `hopunsjvhs phr mstirmo fm`aichs cmoijs i lhvis mxpmrjâl`jis hu phr mxi`mreir i hesmssàh lhs msfhrëhs7 tioeêo li cmprmssàh  prhfulci phrqum i`mltui h mstich cm ipitji m jliëàh lmssms lmssms `ishs. [jnemr (9:::e) iphlti qum i omcjtiëàh cm uo ohch kmrin pirm`m `hltri-jlcj`ici lis  pithnhkjis oijs prjojtjvis ch lïvmn prê-pmsshin (F-9 m F-5) phrqum, lmssms lïvmjs, ijlci làh tmohs uo Pmnf   sufj`jmltmomltm mstiejnjzich piri suphrtir is mxpmrjâl`jis ohejnjzicis pmni omcjtiëàh. Bi`g Mlknmr, cmsti`ich phr [jnemr, jlcj`i, `hltuch, h fis`ïljh mxmr`jch pmni omcjtiëàh eucjsti piri hs jlcjvïcuhs njoïtrhfms (F-5), qum phcmo pissir i usé-ni `hoh uoi

cmfmsi piri is vjvâl`jis cm mstichs cm „làh„làh-mkh‟. mkh‟.  

 

 

I oijhrji cis pithnhkjis ch lïvmn pmsshin (F-3, F-=, F-6) sm emlmfj`ji ci omcjtiëàh , „tilth phr `iusi  `iusi  cm smus prðprjhs oêrjths m emlmfï`jhs jltrïlsm`hs `hoh phr `iusi cm sui tmlcâl`ji i „cms`hltrijr i psjqum m i fi`jnjtir i cmsrmprmssàh lhs lïvmjs jlfmrjhrms, `hltrjeujlch, issjo, cm uoi fhroi iuxjnjir, `ho hs  prh`mcjomlths tmripâutj`hs lmssms lïvmjs‟ ([jn emr, emr, 9:::e, pp. 956, 95;).  95;). 

 Lh omjh psj`hnðkj`h, i psj`ilénjsm pirm`m smr uoi cis ms`hnis qum oijs vmmomltmomltm sm hpým ih ush ci omcjtiëàh itrmnici ä tmripji, smlch `néssj`i i ifjroiëàh cm Frilz Inmxilcmr qum i omcjtiëàh smrji uoi rmkrmssàh lir`jsjsti. lir`jsjsti. [jnemr (9:::e) sm hpým i msti vjsàh ifjroilch2 „...hs tmðrj`hs qum rmjlvjlcj`io qum i omcjtiëàh ê lir`jsjsti joikjlio qum hs omcjtichrms mstàh jlch piri cmltrh ci omltm7 ois mnms mstàh, li vmrcicm jlch itê h smu jltmrjhr m, phrtilth, trils`mlcmlch-i2 omlhs lir`jsjstis, omlhs  suebmtjvis, omlhs mkh`âltrj`hs, oijs uljvmrsijs, oijs ierilkmltms m, issjo, mo òntjoi ilénjsm, oijs `hopissjvhs‟ (p.95:).  (p.95:).  Cjfmrmltms tricjëýms mspjrjtuijs `hnh`io hebmtjvhs hs oijs virjichs m prhfulchs li omcjtiëàh, iprmsmltilch cjvmrsis fhrois, cmscm is oijs `houls äs oijs `hopnmxis cmpmlcmlch chs prhpðsjths iufmrjchs. Làh hestiltm, `mrtis pirtj`unirjcicms inkuls mnmomlths `houls9.mstàh prmsmltms mo thci hrjmltiëàh prétj`i, lhs smkujltms rmqujsjths2    phsturi `hrphrin2 smltir `ho pmrlis `ruzicis li phsjëàh hrjmltin, quilch phssïvmn, `hnuli mrmti, pmjth iemrth, hoerhs smo tmlsàh, `hrph joðvmn, rmnixich m `hlfhrtévmn. Hnahs fm`aichs, iemrths hu smoj-iemrths, cmpmlcmlch ci tricjëàh. Sioeêo cm i`hrch `ho i iehrcikmo, i nïlkui fj`i vhntici piri i ieðeici pinitjli, mvjtilch h mx`mssh cm sinjviëàh7 5.   phsturi ci fini2 fini iquj tmo h smltjch cm mlmrkji sutjn, prili, ejhmlmrkji, smomnailtm ä oilmbici pmni i`uoputuri. Mo psj`hnhkji phcmrïiohs issh`jir `ho h hrkóljh cm Umj`a hu i punsàh frmucjili. H `hltrhnm ci mlmrkji ê fmjth i pirtjr ci rmspjriëàh `inoi m iechojlin, ipmlis smkujr h rjtoh liturin ci rmspjriëàh ê i rm`homlciëàh eésj`i. 0.   phsturi cm omltm2 iquj sm phcm rminjzir rmfnmxýms ilinïtj`is, `hoh phr mxmopnh ilinjsir uo tmoi mspm`ïfj`h, eus`ilch `hoprmmlcâ-nh lhs oïljohs cmtinams. Lh hrjmltm msti prétj`i ê `hlam`jci `hoh Vjpissili. Hutrh `iojlah cm `hnh`ir i omltm mo omcjtiëàh ê cmjxilch-i mo uoi itjtucm iemrti, hesmrvilch h fnuxh chs  pmlsiomlths smo `rjir lmlauo vïl`unh `ho mnms. Ê uoi itjtucm smomnailtm i ch hesmrvichr trilspmsshin. I smkujr, iprmsmltirmohs uoi smqþâl`ji cm omcjtiëýms qum phcm smr usici li `nïlj`i trilspmsshin. Mnis sàh, li sui oijhrji, omcjtiëýms kujicis, `hltuch h tmripmuti cmvm mstjounir h pi`jmltm i mxm`uté-nis shzjlah. =.0.9. H Sjkrm Msti tê`lj`i fhj `hlstruïci i pirtjr chs mlsjliomlths sherm psj`hnhkji eucjsti hrjmlticis  pmnh Nioi Ticoi Piltmo, omstrm mrucjth ch eucjsoh tjemtilh, m `hltmopni uo iopnh trieinah

`ho thch h mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji. Cjvjcm-sm mo = mtipis, phcmlch smr ipnj`icis smqþml`jinomltm hu cm i`hrch `ho h lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji qum sm prmtmlcm itjlkjr. Ê

 

rm`homlcévmn h i`hopilaiomlth cm `ici mtipi itrivês cm oilcinis m cis mxprmssýms vmreijs h qum prhohvm uoi oijhr jltmkriëàh cis mxpmrjâl`jis.

i) @hlvjcilch h tjkrm i mltrir li `ivmrli  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin HEBMSJVH2 rm`hlam`jomlth ci ikjtiëàh m jltrilqþjnjcicm ci omltm7 pmr`mpëàh i`mr`i cis phssjejnjcicms m njojtms ci mxjstâl`ji auoili `ho vjstis ih cmsmlvhnvjomlth cm uoi ohtjviëàh piri trilqþjnjzir m pi`jfj`ir i omltm. JLPSU]ËÀH Pmltich `hlfhrtivmnomltm, `ho is `hstis mrmtis, hu cmjtich, `inoiomltm vh`â `homëi i rmspjrir `hls`jmltmomltm... usilch i rmspjriëàh `hoh uoi fhroi cm trilqþjnjzir h smu `hrph m  pi`jfj`ir i sui omltm. @inoiomltm... vh`â sm joikjli `hoh uo tjkrm, uo tjkrm qum rmprmsmlti hs ispm`ths jopunsjvhs, jlstjltjvhs cm sui omltm. H tjkrm iquj rmprmsmlti is suis mlmrkjis frjzml mlmrkjis  frjzml,, is suis mlmrkjis punsjhlijs m jopunsjvis, is suis mlmrkjis njkicis ih „ smnf  „ smnf   sho shoétj`h‟, étj`h‟, ih smu `hrph fïsj`h. M, lmstm ohomlth, `inoiomltm... vh`â rmspjri piri cmsmlvhnvmr i ohtjviëàh cm `hlvjcir mssm mltrirphcm li `ivmrli. I `ivmrli ê h smu oulch jltmrjhr. I i`ivmrli ê h nukir smkurh, h nukirtjkrm hlcmi vh`â cmsmlvhnvmr, prhtmkjciomltm m `inoiomltm, smkurilëi lm`mssérji iltm hs jopunshs cm iti`ir, cm fukjr hu cm fj`ir joðvmn frmltm äqujnh qum surkm mo sui omltm, mo suis mohëýms m mo smus smltjomlths.  Lðs viohs mstir `aioilch mssms jopunshs qum surkmo `hoh pmlsiomlths, mohëýms m smltjomlths, cm „hs hutrhs iljoijs‟, hs iljoijs i qumo h tjkrm iti`i, i qumo h tjkrm sm ipmki hu i qumo h tjkrm sm oiltêo jlcjfmrmltm. Mltàh, `inoiomltm, lmssi phsjëàh cm `hlfhrth, vh`â  prh`uri mxpilcjr i sui rmspjriëàh, rmnixilch hs pês, is pmrlis, usilch i rmspjriëàh `hoh uo `iojlah cm pi`jfj`iëàh, `hoh uo `iojlah cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth piri i trilqþjnjcicm m i piz jltmrjhr. I`inoilch h `hrph, rmspjrilch trilqþjniomltm... vh`â `homëi i pmlsir h quilth i sui vjci ê jl`rjvmnomltm prm`jhsi (piusi). Lmstm ohomlth, vh`â phcm thoir `hls`jâl`ji ci sui vjci prm`jhsi. Vh`â qum, lmstm ohomlth, vh`â phcm ms`utir i ojlaiauoili vhz, vh`â phcm sm cir phcm `hlti sm cm cir qum,`hlti lmstmcmohomlth, vh`â msté eus`ilch trilqþjnjzir sui omltm mlquilth ojnairms m ojnairms cm pmsshis ml`hltrio-sm mo kumrri, mo vjhnâl`ji. Vh`â msté iquj, ikhri, prmsmltm jltmjriomltm lh smu `hrph, cmsfrutilch iohrhsiomltm ci sui rmspjriëàh m pmr`memlch h quilth mstis `hjsis sjopnms sàh jl`rjvmnomltm prm`jhsis (piusi).  Lis tricjëýms hrjmltijs fini-sm qum i vjci auoili ê tàh prm`jhsi quilth ml`hltrir uoi  pmqumli eðji lh omjh ch h`milh. Mnms `rjirio uuoi oi omtéfhri ohstrilch qum i vjci auoili ê smomnailtm i uoi tirtiruki `mki qum cm `mo mo `mo ilhs shem piri rmspjrir m, lh ohomlth mo qum mni shem piri rmspjrir, uoi pmqumli eðji bhkici ih oir ml`hltri nukir mo thrlh cm sui `iemëi. I `ail`m cm rmlis`mrohs hu i `ail`m cm tmrohs uoi vjci auoili, ê i `ail`m cm mssi  eðji mstir lh ohomlth mxith, liqumnm phlth mxith, hlcm i tirtiruki nmvilti sui `iemëi ch oir. Thr jssh, vh`â phcm lmstm ohomlth, trilqþjniomltm... cmsfrutir ci sui vjci auoili prm`jhsi. Vh`â phcm `hltjluir smltjlch h smu `hrph, itmltiomltm... prhfulciomltm itmlth ih ohvjomlth

ci rmspjriëàh, ihs eitjomlths ch smu `hriëàh. Vh`â sm cé `hlti cm qum mssi vjci auoili  prm`jhsi phcm smr utjnjzici piri fivhrm`mr h smu `rms`jomlth, piri vh`â mltrir `ici vmz oijs li

 

`ivmrli, cmsmlvhnvmlch oijs m oijs i ohtjviëàh cm trilqþjnjzir-sm, cm prhfulciomltm, ml`hltrir h smu nukir cm `inoi, cm rmphush. Mlquilth vh`â rmspjri, vh`â tioeêo phcm pmlsir h quilth i vjci ê `urti m h quilth i ohrtm ê `mrti. Shchs lðs, hrkiljsohs vjvhs, tmohs uo `j`nh cm trilsfhroiëàh, qum sm jlj`ji lh lis`mr m tmrojli `ho i cjsshnuëàh ci fhroi, jssh qum `aioiohs cm ohrtm. Vh`â sm cé `hlti cm qum, mo smlch i sui vjci `urti, h quilth vh`â phcm cmsfrutir cm `ici ohomlth ih jlvês cm mstir cmspmrcjëilch sui mlmrkji, smkujlch iljoijs, nutilch, fukjlch hu, sjopnmsomltm, cmsmlvhnvmlch i jlcjfmrmlëi. Vh`â phcm, `hoh uo tjkrm, mltrir prhtmkjciomltm li `ivmrli m iprhvmjtir i sui vjci, mssi vjci prm`jhsi, piri cmsmlvhnvmr ijlci oijs hs smus phtml`jijs,  phrqum i jopmroilâl`ji ê uo fmlóomlh prmsmltm mo thchs hs rm`ilths ci vjci. Such sm trilsfhroi. I rmspjriëàh trilqþjniomltm trilsfhroi tuch h qum prm`jsi smr trilsfhroich. Ê liturin i trilsfhroiëàh m vh`â phcm, li smkurilëi ci `ivmrli, trilsfhroir piri `hlstrujr uoi omltm trilqþjni m mo piz. I vjci `hltêo cjfj`uncicms jlmvjtévmjs. Hs smrms mstàh submjths i ichm`mr, i mlvmnam`mr, mstàh submjths ihs cmsifjhs ci vjci, ois vh`â phcm, iprhvmjtilch i sui vjci auoili prm`jhsi, iprhvmjtilch sui pmr`mpëàh cm qum i vjci ê `urti, vh`â phcm hesmrvir mssis cjfj`uncicms `hoh uo `hlvjtm, uo `hlvjtm piri mltrir li `ivmrli m cmsmlvhnvmr uoi omltm oijs trilqþjni, oijs  pi`ïfj`i. Is cjfj`uncicms mstàhnjojtms, `hltrim,vh`â, sàh sjlijs iphltio cm `rms`jomlth, qum iphltiolàh hs smus ijlci,mnis h quilth vh`âqum phcm eus`ir, im lm`mssjcicm trilqþjniomltm jr supmrilch, vml`mlch m mstmlcmlch hs smus njojtm... `inoiomltm.  Lhssis ms`hnais êtj`is ohncio is lhssis vjcis. Lis tricjëýms hrjmltijs m lis tricjëýms mspjrjtuinjstis, cm uoi fhroi kmrin, jssh ê `hlam`jch `hoh `iusi m mfmjth, hu iëàh m rmiëàh.  Luoi njlkuikmo psj`hnðkj`i, phcmrïiohs cjzmr qum ms`hnais êtj`is phssjejnjtio fhrois fhrois cm smr m cm ikjr êtj`hs, m vh`â thoi `hls`jâl`ji cm qum aé uoi `icmji cm jltmriëýms mo sui vjci, uoi `icmji qum jlfnuml`ji `ici pissh cich phr vh`â. Ms`hnais qum vh`â fmz lh pissich rmpmr`utmo ahbm lh smu prmsmltm, issjo `hoh ms`hnais ch prmsmltm jlfnuml`jiràh h smu futurh. @hls`jmltm cjsth, vh`â sm ohtjvi i mltrir li `ivmrli, i fizmr mssm omrkunah jltmrjhr cm rm`hlam`jomlth cm qum sui vjci auoili ê jl`rjvmnomltm prm`jhsi, m vh`â omrm`m vjvâ-ni pnmliomltm...cmsfrutilch i ms`hnai cm smr FMNJR m làh shfrmr. Vh`â rm`hlam`m qum mssi vjci ê `urti, issjo, vh`â phcm iprhvmjtir `ici ohomlth, cmsfrutilch hs smus emlmfï`jh vh`âh omsoh m ch prðxjoh. I ms`hnai qum vh`â fmzphtml`jijs, cm smr fmnjz fmnjziopnjilch-hs m làh shfrmr piri `hlcuzjré vh`âcmpiri `rms`jomlth m piri i trilsfhroiëàh. Mltàh, lmstm ohomlth, `inoiomltm, vh`â sm ohtjvi, sm cjspým i mltrir li `ivmrli, lh smu oulch jltmrjhr, smltjlch-sm pnmliomltm jltmjrh m jltmjriomltm pnmlh. @ish vh`â cmsmbm `hltjluir h mxmr`ï`jh m nmvir h tjkrm i mltrir li `ivmrli, vh`â phcm `hltjluir. @ish vh`â ipmlis  prmtmlci cmsmlvhnvmr oijs ohtjviëàh piri omrkunair prhfulciomltm m prhtmkjciomltm lh smu oulch jltmrjhr, vh`â phcm `hltjluir cmsfrutilch ci pmr`mpëàh ci sui vjci auoili prm`jhsi,  prh`urilch mxmopnhs li sui vjci, prh`urilch vmr lis suis iëýms i prmsmlëi itjvi cmssi érmi séeji qum aé mo vh`â, cmssi érmi qum cmsmbi prhfulciomltm smr fmnjz m làh l àh shfrmr.

e) H tjkrm mltri li `ivmrli7  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h

SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin HEBMSJVH2 pi`jfj`iëàh ci omltm, cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci trilqþjnjcicm m làh rmitjvjcicm m jlvmstjkiëàh cm mohëýms pmrtureichris.

 

JLPSU]ËÀH  Lis `unturis ountj`mltmlérjis ê `houo h ush cm iljoijs `hoh rmfmrâl`jis cm phcmr piri omtifhrjzir h prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji, cm fhroi qum ikhri, cilch `hltjlujcicm ih prh`mssh cm iopnjiëàh ci sui `hls`jâl`ji, h tjkrm, qum jlj`jinomltm rm`hlam`mu i sui vjci  prm`jhsi m, phr jssh, ohtjvhu-sm i mltrir li `ivmrli, phcm `inoiomltm jr mltrilch li `ivmrli. (piusi). Umspjrilch... mltrilch m ml`hltrilch uo nukir trilqþjnh, uo nukir lmsti `ivmrli hlcm vh`â phssi rmphusir `inoiomltm... H hebmtjvh ikhri, `ho i mltrici li `ivmrli, ê vh`â jr iprmlcmlch i iopnjir smu tmoph cm rmiëàh, mvjtilch rmsphlcmr iuthoitj`iomltm m jopunsjviomltm äs prhvh`iëýms chs iljoijs. Itê vh`â iprmlcmr qum vh`â phcm làh rmsphlcmr cm fhroi jopunsjvi ihs smus pmlsiomlths, äs suis mohëýms m ihs smus smltjomlths. Mltàh ikhri, `inoiomltm, vh`â qum bé ml`hltrhu uo nukir `hlfhrtévmn cmltrh ci sui `ivmrli jltmrjhr, rmspjrm... trilqþjniomltm, lmstm nh`in. Lmstm ohomlth, h oijs jophrtiltm ê qum vh`â phssi mstir prhfulciomltm itmlth i thchs hs jopunshs,  pmlsiomlths, smltjomlths m mohëýms mohëýms qum surkmo. Jl`nusjvm, sm mnms surkjrmo, vh`â vij prh`urir sm i`inoir ijlci oijs, prh`urilch trilqþjnjzir-sm oijs m oijs, prh`urilch usir i rmspjriëàh piri cjsshnvmr i joikmo cmssms iljoijs. M, mlquilth vh`â fiz jssh, h smu tjkrm vij mltrilch oijs fulch li `ivmrli, prh`urilch uo trilqþjnh. oijs, `hls`jmltm cm tuch hm qum nukir surkmijlci mo oijs sui omltm, moVh`â smu phcm `hrphjr trilqþjnjzilch-sm m cmjxilch tuch ijlci pissir. Vh`â, sjopnmsomltm `inoiomltm hesmrvi mssms jopunshs, lhomilch-hs smo sm ipmkir i lmlauo cmnms. Vh`â phcm ikhri mstir smltjlch inkuoi smlsiëàh lh smu `hrph. Mlquilth vh`â smltm mssi smlsiëàh, li sui omltm vh`â vij ipmlis lhomir, smltjlch..., smltjlch.... @ish surbio pmlsiomlths, vh`â vij cmjxé-nhs pissir. Vh`â ipmlis vij hesmrvé-nhs m lhomé-nhs, pmlsilch..., pmlsilch...(piusi) M jlspjrilch, vh`â i`inoi h `hrph, (pmqumli piusi) m mxpjrilch, vh`â i`inoi i omltm. Jlspjrilch, vh`â i`inoi h `hrph, (pmqumli piusi) m mxpjrilch, vh`â i`inoi i omltm. Thcmo vjr pmlsiomlths, mohëýms, smltjomlths qum aé oujth tmoph vh`â làh nmoeri. Thcm smr qum, lmstm ohomlth, surbio pmlsiomlths cmsikricévmjs, prhenmois qum vh`â tmlai i rmshnvmr,vij cjfj`uncicms jopmcmo hpmlsilch..., smu `rms`jomlth. Làh jophrti quin iljoin surbi, vh`âm ipmlis lhomé-nh,qum pmlsilch..., smltjlch.... lhomilch-hs `inoiomltm...  prhtmkjciomltm... Umspjrilch `inoiomltm... h tjkrm vij mltrilch `ici vmz oijs fulch li `ivmrli. H hebmtjvh ê vh`â rmnixir oijs m oijs, ê vh`â usir i `ivmrli `hoh rmfòkjh cm prhtmëàh, smkuriomltm prhtmkjch mo rmniëàh ihs iljoijs... i`inoilch. M smoprm qum surkjr quinqumr tmlsàh vh`â phcm iprhfulcir ijlci oijs i rmspjriëàh, m quilch vh`â fiz jssh, h tjkrm vij `ici vmz oijs piri h `mltrh ci `ivmrli, piri h nh`in oijs trilqþjnh m prhtmthr cmsti `ivmrli,  prh`urilch rmphusir `hls`jmltmomltm m trilqþjniomltm. trilqþjniomltm. @ici iljoin qum surbi, vh`â phcm lhomé-nh, pmlsilch, smltjlch m rmnixilch. Jlspjrilch, vh`â `hltjlui i`inoilch h `hrph, m mxpjrilch, vh`â `hltjlui i`inoilch i omltm. H hebmtjvh ê mssm tjkrm fj`ir prhfulciomltm trilqþjnh, trilqþjniomltm iprhfulcilch mssi vjsàh cm qum làh  prm`jsi rmikjr äs mohëýms pmrtureichris, pmrtureichris, ihs pmlsiomlths m ihs smltjomlths. Vh`â phcm i`hnaâ-

nhs lmssm nukir trilqþjnh m prhtmkjch ci `ivmrli, trilsfhroilch-hs, lhomilch-hs. Mstm ê uo mxmr`ï`jh qum vh`â phcm jr cmsmlvhnvmlch `inoiomltm, rmpmtjlch cjvmrsis vmzms, itê qum vh`â sm sjlti prhfulciomltm `ipiz cm iopnjir smu tmoph cm rmiëàh ih `hlvjtm

 

chs iljoijs piri pmrsmkuï-nhs, `ipiz cm làh rmikjr sm cmfmlcmlch, fukjlch ch qum surkm mo sui omltm, phrqum vh`â phcm rmphusir lmssm mspiëh iopnh m prhtmkjch ci `ivmrli. `i vmrli. Yuilch vh`â sm smltjr `ipiz cm iopnjir smu tmoph cm rmiëàh, `ipiz cm usir i trilqþjnjcicm `hoh uo `iojlah cm `uri piri tuch h qum surkm mo m o sui omltm, mltàh vh`â msté  prmpirich piri pissir piri i tmr`mjri mtipi mtipi ch `iojlah, qum ê h tjkrm sijr ci `ivmrli, mnm vij  piri i iemrturi cm pissikmo ci `ivmrli m sij. Ois, lmstm lmstm ohomlth, vh`â siem qum sm vh`â  prm`jsir, vh`â phcm usir h tmoph qum fhr lm`mssérjh piri cmsmlvhnvmr mssi aiejnjcicm cm  pmroilm`mr trilqþjniomltm li `ivmrli, `ivmrli, cmsfrutilch.

`) H tjkrm sij ci `ivmrli  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h m trilspmsshin SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin HEBMSJVH2 pi`jfj`iëàh ci omltm, cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci trilqþjnjcicm, `hlstruëàh cm uo hesmrvichr trilspmsshin i pirtjr ci trilsfhroiëàh chs jopunshs rmpmtjtjvhs. JLPSU]ËÀH2 Pmltm-sm `hlfhrtivmnomltm, iopnjilch i fnmxjejnjcicm, cmjxilch h smu `hrph fjromomltm  pniltich li tmrri, is oàhs rmphusilch `hlfhrtivmnomltm sherm is pmrlis hu uoi sherm i hutri, hu ih nhlkh ch `hrph. H `hriëàh trilqþjnh, hs hnahs suivmomltm fm`aichs hu njkmjriomltm iemrths, luo ålkunh cm iprhxjoiciomltm 3= krius, hnailch ä sui frmltm, smltjlch h smu `hrph...  prmsmltm mo smu `hrph. Mltàh, `hls`jmltmomltm, vh`â pissi i suivjzir quinqumr tmlsàh,  prh`urilch cmshestruj-nis, cmsipmkilch-sm chs smus pmlsiomlths pmlsiomlths aiejtuijs. Vh`â, qum ikhri msté cmltrh ci `ivmrli, trilqþjniomltm... pissi i rmnixir. M ijlci oijs, ä omcjci qum smltm `hls`jmltmomltm i sui rmspjriëàh, rmnixi... rmnixilch i `ici rmspjriëàh, shntilch is tmlsýms. M ä omcjci qum smltm `hls`jmltmomltm `ici rmspjriëàh h tjkrm phcm jr sm trilqþjnjzilch... Ml`hltrilch smu nukir cm prhtmëàh. Ikhri qum smu tjkrm msté prhfulciomltm trilqþjnh li `ivmrli, ikhri qum sjopnmsomltm ml`hltrhu i rmspjriëàh `hoh phlth cm mstiejnjcicm piri làh rmikjr ihs jopunshs qum surkmo, ikhri qum mnm `homëi i cmsmlvhnvmr uoi piz, uoi fmnj`jcicm lmssi pmroilâl`ji smkuri m  prhtmkjci `ivmrli, mnm msté oiltmlch prhlth, prmpirich pirioijs sijr.iemrths, Lmstm ohomlth, sm joikjli sijlch pmniciphrti ci `ivmrli, smus hnahs oiltmlchvh`â i pmr`mpëàh ci rmspjriëàh, i pmr`mpëàh `hls`jmltm ch smu `hrph, `ho hs hnahs iohrhsiomltm iemrths. Oiltmlch i rmspjriëàh itmlti vh`â fj`i pnmliomltm inmrti m `hls`jmltm cm tuch h qum mltri mo `hltith `ho hs smus smltjchs. Lmstm ohomlth, vh`â hesmrvi, `inoiomltm m  prhtmkjciomltm, tuch h qum mltri lh smu `ioph vjsuin, smo ipmkir-sm, smo rmbmjtir. Vh`â sjopnmsomltm pmrojtm-sm mssi pmr`mpëàh iopni cm tuch h qum pissi lh smu `ioph vjsuin. Umspjrilch... thoilch `hls`jâl`ji qum, hesmrvilch, vh`â ê oijs ch qum iqujnh qum vh`â hesmrvi. M vh`â cmjxi pissir, làh sm prmlcm, pmroilm`m njvrm, hesmrvilch, `inoiomltm hesmrvilch. Cmjxilch i rmspjriëàh fnujr njvrmomltm. H jophrtiltm lmsti mtipi ê vh`â pmroilmëi mstévmn, ê thoir `hls`jâl`ji cm qum, omsoh smlch th`ich pmnhs jopunshs, pmnhs pmlsiomlths, pmnis mohëýms m smltjomlths, vh`â làh

 prm`jsi cir hs smqþâl`ji ajstðrjis qum surkmo `houomssms jopunshs. Vh`â `ipiz sjopnmsomltm `inoiomltm hesmrvi,äs m iohrhsiomltm, cmsmlvhnvm `hriëàh `hopissjvh, cm i`hnaâ-m

 

nhs, `ipiz cm hnaé-nhs `hoh mxprmssýms cm sui prðprji omltm, iopnjilch smu tmoph cm rmiëàh,  pi`jfj`iomltm trilqþjnh. trilqþjnh. Umspjrilch njvrmomltm...suivmomltm. Vh`â ikhri, trilqþjniomltm, hesmrvi thchs hs shls qum `amkio itê hs smus huvjchs. huvjch s. Sinvmz vh`â phssi hesmrvir hs shls oijs ikuchs, tinvmz hs oijs suivms, hs oijs prðxjohs `hoh i rmspjriëàh hu h eitjomlth `ircïi`h, hs oijs cjstiltms (piusi), prh`urilch fh`ir thci sui itmlëàh m `hls`jâl`ji li pmr`mpëàh chs shls. H tjkrm pmroilm`m inmrti, rmspjrilch `hls`jmltmomltm, oiltmlch i pmr`mpëàh m i `hls`jâl`ji cm qum làh prm`jsi sm iprjsjhlir i lmlauo cmssms shls. @ish vh`â sjki inkuo cmssms shls, vh`â vhnti, iohrhsiomltm, ioh rhsiomltm, piri sui rmspjriëàh, piri h smu `hrph, piri i pmr`mpëàh `hls`jmltm m mstévmn ci phrti ci `ivmrli. Vh`â hesmrvi ikhri is smlsiëýms qum vh`â tmo li sui pmnm, tuch h qum th`i i sui pmnm m, `inoiomltm, thoi `hls`jâl`ji cm `ici smlsiëàh. Vh`â hesmrvi tioeêo hs `amjrhs ch ioejmltm, thoilch `hls`jâl`ji cmnms, njvrmomltm, `inoiomltm. Vh`â tioeêo phcm jr thoilch `hls`jâl`ji chs khsths qum pissio pmni sui eh`i, thtinomltm prmsmltm, `hls`jmltm m nu`jciomltm  prmsmltm ä pmr`mpëàh cm qum vh`â phcm cjspmlsir mssms jopunshs. Vh`â ê oijs ch qum ms`uti, oijs ch qum vâ, oijs ch qum smltm, oijs ch qum pmr`mem lhs khsths, lh hnfith. Ois,  prjl`jpinomltm, vh`â ê oijs ch qum h qum vh`â pmlsi. Umspjrilch `hls`jmltmomltm vh`â cmsfruti cmsti pmr`mpëàh cm njemrcicm.  Lis tricjëýms hrjmltijs, i omltm ê `hlsjcmrici `hoh uo smltjch, h smxth smltjch. Mltàh, tuch h qum surkjr mo sui omltm, lmstm ohomlth, vh`â tioeêo phcm hesmrvir ci iemrturi cm  pissikmo ci `ivmrli, rmpjrilch njvmromltm... smo sm cmtmr. Umspjrilch `inoiomltm, cmjxilch jr m vjr njvrmomltm hs pmlsiomlths, is mohëýms hs smltjomlths, cilch `hltjlujcicm i mssm  prh`mssh cm pmr`mpëàh prhfulci. Thcm smr qum vh`â prm`jsm mxmr`jtir jssh vérjis vmzms. H jophrtiltm ê qum vh`â phcm jr cmsmlvhnvmlch mssi `ipi`jcicm cm pmroilm`mr mstévmn li iemrturi cm pissikmo cm sui `ivmrli, `ho trilqþjnjcicm, iopnjilch smu tmoph cm rmiëàh, `hls`jmltm cm qum hs iljoijs qum surkmo, is mohëýms, hs pmlsiomlths, hs smltjomlths hu quinqumr hutrh jopunsh, sàh mxprmssýms cm sui omltm jltmrjhr.

c) H tjkrm vij piri h omjh ci fnhrmsti  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h m trilspmsshin SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin HEBMSJVH2 fhrtinm`jomlth ch hesmrvichr trilspmsshin `ipiz cm pmr`memr qum thchs hs fmlóomlhs sàh `hlstruëýms vizjis cm shnjcmz jlmrmltm. ]sh ci rmspjriëàh issh`jici ä vjsuinjziëàh `rjitjvi ch oiltri HO, IA, A]O piri cjsshnvmr pmlsiomlths, mohëýms m smltjomlths pmrtureichrms. Cmsmlvhnvmr i `ipi`jcicm cm pmr`mpëàh ci nuojlhsjcicm hu ci `ipi`jcicm `hlstrutjvi m phsjtjvi ci sui omltm.

JLPSU]ËÀH Umspjrilch prhtmkjciomltm... Vh`â rmthrli piri i mstiejnjcicm ci iemrturi cm  pissikmo ci `ivmrli, smltjlch h smu `hrph mstévmn m smkurh. smkurh. Vh`â phcm jr rmspjrilch

 

`hls`jmltmomltm, mlquilth h tjkrm phcm jr sm prmpirilch ikhri piri jr piri h omjh ci fnhrmsti. Lh omjh ci fnhrmsti tinvmz mnm rmml`hltrm hs iljoijs, pmlsiomlths, mohëýms, smltjomlths m jopunshs. Tiri prmpirir-sm piri mssm `hltith `ho hs iljoijs, h tjkrm vij usir i rmspjriëàh `ho is sïnieis HO, IA, A]O.  Lh HO, jlspjri7 lh IA, rmtêo uo phu`h h ir7 m, lh A]O, shnti h ir. Mssi omcjtiëàh cm jr piri h omjh ci fnhrmsti tmo phr hebmtjvh cmsmlvhnvmr i  pmr`mpëàh cm qum thchs hs fmlóomlhs sàh `hlstruëýms, qum làh iprmsmltio shnjcmz mo sj omsohs. Thrtilth, sàh vizjhs cm shnjcmz jlmrmltm. Vh`â phcm usir i rmspjriëàh `ho is sïnieis HO, IA, A]O piri cjsshnvmr hs iljoijs qum surkmo, trilsfhroilch-hs, tjrilch-nams i shnjcmz, ih omsoh tmoph rm`hlam`mlch qum mnms `hltjluio surkjlch ä sui frmltm, itrivês ci nuojlhsjcicm, ci `ipi`jcicm `hlstrutjvi m phsjtjvi ci sui omltm. Jlspjrilch, HO... Umtmlch, IA m... mxpjrilch, A]O... Jlspjrilch, HO... Umtmlch, IA m... mxpjrilch, A]O... A]O... m lhviomltm jlspjrilch, HO... HO... Umtmlch, IA m... mmxpjrilch, xpjrilch, A]O... oiltmlch mstm rjtohci rmspjritðrjh A]O...vh`â h ri tjkrm jlch  prhtmkjciomltm piri h omjh fnhrmsti. HHO... fnhrmsti. omjh IA... ci fnhrmsti sjkljfj`ijoikjli vhntir piri pi i vjci `htjcjili, is sjtuiëýms ch cji-i-cji m hs smus cmsifjhs. Tmroilm`mlch `hls`jmltm ci sui rmspjriëàh m usilch h HO (jlspjrilch), IA (rmtmlch), A]O (mxpjrilch) `hoh fhroi cm cjsshnvmr quinqumr pmlsiomlth, smltjomlth, mohëàh m jopunsh qum surbi. Oiltmlch h rjtoh ci rmspjriëàh vh`â phcm jr mltrilch oijs m oijs fulch li fnhrmsti. Thcm smr qum lmstm ohomlth surbio omoðrjis cm cmsifjhs rm`mltms qum vh`â msté vjvmlch (piusi), tinvmz surbio omoðrjis cm sui ichnms`âl`ji (piusi), tinvmz ipirmëio omoðrjis cm sui jlfål`ji. Such qum surkjr ê cjsshnvjch m trilsfhroich  prhtmkjciomltm m iohrhsiomltm `ho h rjtoh phcmrhsh ci mlmrkji ch HO (jlspjrilch), IA (rmtmlch), A]O (mxpjrilch). M iltms hlcm aivji iljoijs, IKHUI aé h rjtoh ci mlmrkji  phcmrhsi m trilsfhroichri ch HO (jlspjrilch), (jlspjrilch), IA (rmtmlch), A]O (mxpjrilch). Ikhri qum vh`â siem qum tuch qum surkm `hoh iljoin li sui pmr`mpëàh ê uoi `hlstruëàh, smo shnjcmz mo sj omsoi, vh`â phcm cjsshnvâ-nis, trilsfhroé-nhs ijlci oijs utjnjzilch h HO, IA, A]O. Thcm smr qum vh`â qumjri ms`hnamr inkuoi cmssis sjtuiëýms piri trilsfhroir m issjo cmsfrutir omnahr ci njemrcicm. Vh`â phcm usir i rmspjriëàh lh rjtoh ch HO (jlspjrilch), IA (rmtmlch), A]O (mxpjrilch) piri cjsshnvmr mssi sjtuiëàh. Mltàh, mlquilth vh`â joikjli msti sjtuiëàh, mni surkm sðnjci `ho h HO, pmroilm`m ohomltilmiomltm prmsmltm lh IA m sm cjsshnvm m trilsfhroi `ho h A]O. Umspjrilch `inoiomltm vh`â phcm jr `hlstrujlch lh HO, rmtmlch lh IA m cjsshnvmlch m trilsfhroilch lh A]O.

@hlstrujlch lh HO, rmtmlch lh IA m cjsshnvmlch m trilsfhroilch lh A]O @hlstrujlch lh HO, rmtmlch lh IA m cjsshnvmlch m trilsfhroilch lh A]O

 

@hlstrujlch lh HO, rmtmlch lh IA m cjsshnvmlch m trilsfhroilch lh A]O... trilsfhroilch iohrhsiomltm thchs hs iljoijs qum surkmo mo sui omltm. Cmsfrutilch ci njemrcicm prmsmltm li rmspjriëàh. M iltms hlcm aivji iljoijs (pmlsiomlths, smltjomlths, mohëýms m jopunshs) IKHUI aé njemrcicm. Issjo, h tjkrm vij iprmlcmlch i `iojlair lh omjh ci fnhrmsti, cmsfrutilch ci sui vjci, `inoiomltm cmsfrutilch cmssm jlï`jh cm njemrcicm7 cmsfrutilch i njemrcicm qum surkm cmssi `ipi`jcicm cm mltrir mo `hltith `ho hs smus iljoijs jltmrjhrms m làh prm`jsir iti`ir, sm cmfmlcmr hu pmroilm`mr jlcjfmrmltm. Issjo vh`â phcm jr trmjlilch, cmsmlvhnvmlch oijs m oijs mssi aiejnjcicm cm `jr`unir li fnhrmsti prhtmkjciomltm i`hopilaich pmnh HO, IA, A]O. M quilch vh`â smltjr qum hs iljoijs sàh i`hnajchs iohrhsi iohrhsiomltm omltm mltàh h tjkrm msté  prhlth piri i prðxjoi mtipi, quilch ahuvmr cjojluïch h jopunsh jopunsh cm ipmkh, ivmrsàh m jlcjfmrmlëi. Vh`â phcm usir h tmoph qum fhr lm`mssérjh iprmcmlch i cjsshnvmr m trilsfhroir i shnjcmz chs smus iljoijs jltmrjhrms. Cmsfrutilch i njemrcicm cmstm ohomlth. Hu vh`â phcm `hltjluir mstm mxmr`ï`jh rinjzilch i qujlti mtipi.

m) H tjkrm fj`i njvrm  LÏVMN2 trilspmsshin SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin HEBMSJVH2 mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji piri inêo ch mkh, cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh ch hesmrvichr trilspmsshin. JLPSU]ËÀH Trh`urilch, trilqþjniomltm... ml`hltrir h smu nukir cm rmfòkjh, cm mqujnïerjh, mstiejnjzilch i omltm. omltm. Trh`urilch pmroilm`mr iemrti7 iemrti7 rm`mptjvi i thchs hs fmlóomlhs qum surkmo. Vh`â phcm jr sm pmrojtjlch `iojlair njvrmomltm lh omjh ci fnhrmsti, smo rmikjr jopunsjviomltm `hltri h qum qumr qum surbi mo smu `hrph, mo sui omltm. Vh`â joikjli qum mssm tjkrm, phr vjcis jl`hltévmjs, oiljfmsti-sm `hoh tjkrm, hri prh`urilch iljoijs, hri cmfmlcmlch-sm, hri iti`ilch, hri pmroilm`mlch jlcjfmrmltm. Umspjrilch `inoiomltm m iohrhsiomltm... ikhri vh`â phcm ms`hnamr uo nukir smkurh,  prhtmkjciomltm smkurh piri rmphusir h tjkrm (piusi). Vh`â pmroilm`m trilqþjni, pnmliomltm `hls`jmltm ci sui rmspjriëàh, i`inoilch... pnmliomltm `hls`jmltm cm tuch h qum surkm mo m o smu `hrph, mo sui omltm. M, iohrhsiomltm, ieri-sm piri mssms fmlóomlhs. Vh`â pmr`mem qum h oulch surkm phrqum aé inkh i smr cmfmlcjch7 h itiqum i tiqum surkm phrqum aé inkh i smr cmfmlcjch. H qum phcm smr itjlkjch ê jopmroilmltm. H tjkrm ê jopmroilmltm. M smoprm qum mnm surkm `hoh tjkrm, liturinomltm surkmo hs iljoijs7 ois h tjkrm ê jopmroilmltm. Bé i liturmzi jnjojtici làh phcm smr cmstruïci7 mni ê iqujnh qum msté inêo ch tjkrm.  Lmstm ohomlth, h tjkrm thoi `hls`jâl`ji `hls`jâl`ji cm qum hs iljoijs surkmo jlsmpiriciomltm cmnm. Pm mnm cmjxi cm smr tjkrm, hs iljoijs cmjxio cm surkjr ä sui frmltm. Umspjrilch `inoiomltm, mnm pmr`mem qum quilch tuch finti m sm cmsfiz, quilch làh aé smkurilëi m làh tmohs piri hlcm jr, h ieriëh `hopissjvh, quinjcicm cm prmsmlëi, sm fiz prmsmltm. Vh`â, lmstm

ohomlth, `homëi i sm ierjr piri mssm ieriëh `hopissjvh. Li sui joikjliëàh, mssm ieriëh mlknhei i `hr izun, izun `hoh h `êu i`hnamchr. H tjkrm i`hnam tuch h qum surkm, `hoh h `êu i`hnam tuch h qum surkm. Hri i`hnam luvmls ms`uris, hri i`hnam rijhs m hri i`hnam h erjnah

 

ricjiltm ci nuz ch shn. I`hnamlch, mnm pissi i pmr`memr i `hr ioirmni ci kmlmrhsjcicm, ch sustmltir, ch cir ih hutrh, ch rm`hlam`jomlth ch hutrh. Umspjrilch lh `hriëàh, erhti i sui `hopijxàh m i sui iohrhsjcicm. Tmrojti-sm tioeêo fizmr erhtir i `mrtmzi ci `hr vmromnai, i `mrtmzi cm qum mnm msté lh `iojlah qum `hlcuz ä njemriëàh, phjs ä omcjci qum rmspjri, h tjkrm sm cjsshnvm il`hrilch lh `hriëàh. Cjsshnvmr i jcmltjcicm cm tjkrm, cjsshnvmr i jcmltjcicm cm qumo vjvm iti`ilch, fukjlch hu jlcjfmrmltm prhcuz njemriëàh. Tmrojti ikhri h ush ci `hr vmrcm, h vmrcm qum prhtmkm, qum iohrhsiomltm njojti i prhpikiëàh cis iëýms lmkitjvis. M, smltich `inoiomltm, vh`â phcm  pmrojtjr-sm ikhri cmsfrutir ci trilqþjnjcicm trilqþjnjcicm cm smrmljzir is iëýms lmkitjvis, phrqum vh`â ê njvrm. M iltms hlcm aivji iëýms lmkitjvis, IKHUI aé h vmrcm prhtmthr. H tjkrm tioeêo pmr`mem qum mnm ê nuz, nuz... ê nuz... Lmstm ohomlth, usilch sui omltm `rjitjvi, vh`â phcm jr sm trilsfhroilch mo nuz. M mlquilth vh`â mxpilcm mssi nuz nu z `hopissjvi ch smu `hriëàh, vh`â sm trilsfhroi mo nuz (piusi), mo nuz i`hnamchri, kmlmrhsi, smkuri, prhtmthri m njvrm, njvrm... njvrm... shu njemrcicm! Njemrcicm... M njvrm `hoh i nuz vh`â  phcm jr mxpilcjlch-sm `hopissjviomltm m prhtmkjciomltm prhtmkjciomltm piri thch mstm ioejmltm, tinvmz  piri thci msti `jcicm, tinvmz piri mstm piïs (piusi). Vh`â phcm jr sm mxpilcjlch njvrmomltm... itê qumhsmssi nuz`hopissjviomltm... mlvhnvi h pnilmti Smrri mo uo ieriëh `hopissjvh, uo ieriëh qum mlknhei thchs smrms, iohrhsiomltm prmsmltm, njvrmomltm... cmsfrutilch ci njemrcicm, ci iopnjtucm, ci liturmzi jnjojtici. Ieri-sm lmssi jomlsjcàh, cmsfrutm cmssi jomlsjcàh (piusi). M iltms hlcm aivji h tjkrm, IKHUI aé njemrcicm (piusi). M `hls`jmltmomltm njvrm vh`â vhnti i pmr`memr h smu `hrph, iquj-m-ikhri, hfmrm`mlch-nam njemrcicm m nuz. Njemrcicm piri hs smus pês, m mnms phcmo sm ohvmr nmltiomltm. Njemrcicm  piri suis pmrlis, ohvmlch-is nmltiomltm7 njemrcicm njemrcicm piri hs smus quicrjz m trhl`h, njemrcicm m nuz piri hs smus eriëhs m oàhs. Ohvi `hls`jmltmomltm `hl s`jmltmomltm is oàhs7 njemrcicm piri sui `iemëi7 njemrcicm m nuz piri tuch qum prm`jsm smr njvrm. @hls`jmltmomltm prmsmltm, rmspjrilch lh smu `hrph. Vh`â ierm hs hnahs njvrmomltm m thoi `hl`jâl`ji cm qum ê njvrm. Vh`â ê njvrm! =.0.5. H ush ci omcjtiëàh `ho oiltris mo tmripji H ush ch sho `hoh `iojlah cm iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji ê uoi cis tm`lhnhkjis oijs iltjkis usicis pmnh ahomo. Cmscm is êph`is oijs rmohtis mnm ipirm`m `hoh uo iuxjnjir lh cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji. @unturis ountj`mltmlérjis cmsmlvhnvmrio tm`lhnhkjis `ipizms cm jlcuzjr mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji infi =; m qum sð ikhri `homëio i kilair mspiëh lhs mstuchs h`jcmltijs.  Li tmripji trilspmsshin hs oiltris sàh utjnjzichs `hoh `mltrichrms `h `hkljtjvhs, kljtjvhs, hu smbi, sàh utjnjzicis piri oiltmrmo uo fh`h cm itmlëàh, fi`jnjtilch i mltrici mo mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, emo `hoh sàh mx`mnmltms suestjtuths piri pmlsiomlths hesmssjvhs m iuthcmstrutjvhs.  Lh trieinah `ho kruph mnms ibucio i `rjir uo `ioph cm i`hnajomlth i`hnajomlth `hnmtjvh i pirtjr ci tmltitjvi cm sm ml`hltrir uo phlth cm `hlvmrkâl`ji2 uo sho airohljhsh. @ici pirtj`jpiltm ch

kruph ohejnjzi suish mlmrkjis hs njojtms smumx`mnmltm mkh piri omtéfhri jl`nujr i  prmsmlëi ch hutrh, sho qum mê itmlëàh mojtjchprh`urilch pmnh hhutrh. utrh. mxpilcjr I uljàh chs shls êcm uoi =;

 H mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji infi cjz rmspmjth ih lïvmn cm rmnixiomlth pmr`mejch lis hlcis `mrmerijs.

 

 piri sjoehnjzir hs mstichs inêo ch mkh, phjs h rmsuntich airohljhsh ch `hlbulth sð ê phssïvmn  pmnh `mcmr ch mkh. Cjfmrmltmomltm chs sjstmois cm `uri h`jcmltin, i psj`hnhkji eucjsti jl`nuj h ush cm shls airohljziltms lhs prh`msshs cm tritiomlth. Tiri mnms, h ush cm shls mspm`ïfj`hs, injichs i vjsuinjziëýms m rmspjriëýms, prhohvm intmriëýms moh`jhlijs m `hkljtjvis `ipizms cm cmsmlvhnvmr m fhrtinm`mr i siòcm. Hs chjs oiltris oijs fiohshs ci psj`hnhkji tjemtili sàh h oiltri cm Ticoisioeaivi, `aioich Oiltri cm vibri Kuru, HO IA A]O VIBUI K]U] TICOI PJCCAJ A]O, m h oiltri cm Ivinhgtmsaviri, h Euci ci @hopijxàh, HO OILJ TMOM A]O. @hoh i oijhrji chs oiltris, mnms sàh mo såls`rjth, i iltjki nïlkui sikrici ci Ïlcji. H OILSUI CM VIBUI K]U] H oiltri cm Vibri Vibri Kuru ê prhlul`jich pmnhs tjemtilhs `hoh2 „HO IA A]LK EMLRI K]U] TMOI PJCCAJ A]LK‟. Msti jlvmstjkiëàh ch smu sjkljfj`ich ê eismici lis mxpnj`iëýms cm Cucbho Ujlph`am m Cjnkh Gaymltsm lhs Ujlph`am, iprmsmlticis Phkyin Ujlph`am (9:::)7 smu ush li `nïlj`i tmo uoi jlspjriëàh mlsjliomlths i`mr`i ciphr psj`hnhkji  eucjsti ojljstrichs pmnh Nioi Ticoi Piltmo. Piltmo. HO IA A]O Is sïnieis HO IA A]O tâo sjkljfj`ichs mxtmrlhs, jltmrlhs m sm`rmths. Mo `ici uo cmssms lïvmjs, lh mltilth, HO rmfmrm-sm ih `hrph, IA rmfmrm-sm ä fini hu mlmrkji m A]O cjz rmspmjth ä omltm. Mnms rmprmsmltio is fhrëis trilsfhroichris ch `hrph, fini m omltm cm thchs hs qum mstàh eus`ilch trilsfhroiëàh. Mxtmrliomltm, i rm`jtiëàh ch HO purjfj`i is iëýms lmkitjvis `homtjcis itrivês ch smu `hrph, IA itrivês ci sui fini m A]O itrivês ci sui omltm. Tmni purjfj`iëàh hu trilsoutiëàh ch smu ci `hrph, m omltm, HO IA A]O issmkuri i pi`jfj`iëàh m i rmcuëàh cis tmlsýms ch `hrph, fini mfini ci omltm. H HO tioeêo ê mssâl`ji ci fhroi, IA i mssâl`ji ci fini m A]O i mssâl`ji ci omltm. Um`jtilch mssm oiltri vh`â tioeêo jopmnm sui omltm i trilsfhroir h ioejmltm, i vh`â omsoh m i thchs hs smrms. @ici uo purjfj`i, rmspm`tjviomltm, thcis is pmr`mpëýms, thchs hs shls m i omltm, `ho smus pmlsiomlths m mohëýms. Jltmrliomltm, HO trilsfhroi hs `ilijs sutjs prmsmltms li i`upulturi, h IA, i mlmrkji qum `jr`uni lh hrkiljsoh, m h A]O, i mssâl`ji `rjitjvi, ierjlch i omltm piri prh`msshs `hlstrutjvhs phsjtjvhs.  Luo lïvmn oijs prhfulch, HO IA A]O rmprmsmltio hs trâs  Giyis  Giyis ci  ci fioïnji Nðtus chs Eucis2 HO ê h  Cairoigiyi  Cairoigiyi   ‐   H Euci  Iojtieai  Iojtieai,, h Euci ci Nuz Jnjojtici7 IA ê h Pioeahkigiyi   ‐   Ivinhgjtmsaviri Pioeahkigiyi  Ivinhgjtmsaviri,, h Euci ci @hopijxàh, m h A]O ê h  Ljroiligiyi  Ljroiligiyi   ‐    Ticoisioeaivi.. Jssh sjkljfj`i, lh `ish cmstm oiltri, qum hs trâs  Giyis  Ticoisioeaivi  Giyis sàh  sàh `hrphrjfj`ichs li

 pmsshi cm Ticoisioeaivi cm Ticoisioeaivi..

 

  Lh omjh trilspmsshin mstm oiltri msté issh`jich ä trilsfhroiëàh cjrmti cis mohëýms  pmrtureichris, smlch mstjounich h smu ush frmltm i ohomlths cm pmrci cm mstiejnjcicm moh`jhlin. JLPSU]ËÀH Frmltm i uoi sjtuiëàh pmrtureichri hu cm pmrci cm mstiejnjcicm moh`jhlin, vjsuinjzm-sm mlvhnvjch phr uo `ïr`unh cm fhkh trilsfhroichr. M ih rm`jtir h oiltri mstm fhkh jré `hlsuojlch tuch qum prm`jsi smr `hlsuojch piri qum vh`â phssi ml`hltrir mstiejnjcicm. I fhrëi cis mohëýms pmrtureichris injomlti h fhkh, ciï quilth oijhr fhr i pmrtureiëàh, tioeêo oijhr smré i prhtmëàh. M i fhrëi ch fhkh `rji uo krilcm `ïr`unh cm nuz prhtmthri mo sui vhnti. ]oi nuz qum ih sho ch oiltri vij pi`jfj`ilch phr jltmjrh h smu smr. H OILSUI CI @HOTIJQÀH H oiltri ci @hopijxàh, HO OILJ TICOM A]O, ê prulul`jich pmnhs tjemtilhs „Ho Oilj Tmom Aulk‟. Mnm mvh`i m ml`irli thcis is iëýms `hopissjvis, smlch usich piri itjvir irquêtjphs ä `hopijxàh ä iemrturi Pmkulch hrmni`jhlichs Nioi Piltmo `ici sïnieim ch oiltri ch msté`hriëàh. issh`jici i trilsfhroiëàh cm uoi mohëàh pmrtureichri mspm`ïfj`i i ih cmsmlvhnvjomlth cm iëýms inêo ch mkh, `hoh phcmohs vmr lh quicrh ieijxh. PÏNIEI HO OI  LJ TM OM A]O

MOHËÀH TMUS]EICHUI Hrkunah Jlvmbi Cmsmbh, ipmkh Jklhrål`ji Iqujsjtjvjcicm Omch, rijvi, ðcjh

IËÝMP INÊO CH MKH Kmlmrhsjcicm @hlcuti airohljhsi Tmrsmvmrilëi Inmkrji @hl`mltriëàh Vjsàh jltmrjhr

JLPSU]ËÀH Pmltich mo uoi phsturi `hlfhrtévmn, cm prmfâl`ji `ho i `hnuli mrmti, eusqum `hlm`tir-sm `ho i rmspjriëàh. M i omcjci mo qum vh`â smltm h rjtoh ci rmspjriëàh sm i`inoilch, prh`urm rm`jtir h oiltri ci `hopijxàh. Joikjlm-sm smlch `hopissjvh, joikjlm-sm cm `hriëàh iemrth. @hoh smrji sui vjci smo hrkunah, jlvmbi, ipmkh, jklhrål`ji, iqujsjtjvjcicm m omch. Vh`â smrji oijs trilqþjnh, oijs iohrhsh8 Vjsuinjzm-sm rminjzilch iëýms `hopissjvis. @ho h Ho  vh`â thrli-sm kmlmrhsh, `ho h Oi  oiltêo uoi `hlcuti airohljhsi, `ho h Lj  mxmr`m i  pmrsmvmrilëi, `ho h Tm smltm inmkrji, `ho h Om iuomlti sui `hl`mltriëàh m `ho h Auo sui vjsàh jltmrjhr, séeji m prhfulci ipirm`m, `nirmilch tuch qum h prm`jsi smr `nirmich. Oiltmlai h rjtoh rmspjritðrjh, usilch h oiltri ci `hopijxàh piri trilsfhroir tuch h qum prm`jsi smr trilsfhroich, piri qum vh`â phssi cmsfrutir ci sui liturmzi jnjojtici.

 

=.0.0. Umcuëàh ci ilsjmcicm, rmcjrm`jhliomlth ohtjvi`jhlin m `hltith `ho i shoeri. Is omcjtiëýms cjrjkjcis qum sm smkumo sàh eistiltm òtmjs piri rmcuzjrmo ilsjmcicm itrivês ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci pmr`mpëàh m `hoprmmmlsàh cmsti mxpmrjâl`ji.  =.0.0.9.  =.0 .0.9. Hs hest sté é`u `unh nhs-p s-pm mcri `ho `hoh fmm fmmcei`g piri h `rm `rms` s`jom jomlt lth h

JLPSU]ËÄH Oiltmlch i `hnuli mrmti, mstmbi smltilch lh `aàh hu li `icmjri, prh`urm cjstml`jhlir h `hrph usilch i rmspjriëàh... I `ici jlspjriëàh prh`urm thoir `hls`jâl`ji `niri ch qum smltm lh smu `hrph m i `ici mxpjriëàh shntm is tmlsýms. Oiltmlai sui omltm `hls`jmltm itmlti ä rmspjriëàh, mlquilth sui omltm séeji séeji - smu hesmrvichr `hopissjvh m io iohrhsh hrhsh -, vij mltrilch mltrilch mo iëàh, trieinailch sui ilsjmcicm, njemrilch-i, fnmxjejnjzilch-i, shntilch-i, `inoiomltm. Hs lhsshs picrýms omltijs fjxhs m rïkjchs lhs `hlcuzmo i pmr`mpëýms cjsthr`jcis ci rminjcicm. Li oijhrji cis vmzms ml`iriohs hs hesté`unhs `hoh prhenmois qum lhs jopmcmo cm in`ilëir hs lhsshs hebmtjvhs. Ois, mlquilth vh`â rmspjri `hls`jmltmomltm...sui omltm séeji  phcm jr mltmlcmlch i jcêji cm shntir qum thch  ê `hoh uo sjlinjzichr jlcj`ichr ch cm hesté`unhvhntir qum prm`jsiohs fnmxjejnjzir, . Trm`jsiohs i iprmmlcmr `ho hu is uo mxpmrjâl`jis `iojlah. Vh`â phcm pmlsir h hesté`unh `hoh uoi pmcri lh `iojlah, ois sui omltm prhfulci siem qum is krilcms `hlstruëýms fhrio mrkujcis sherm pmcris. Is pmcris, quilch emo utjnjzicis, sàh mx`mnmltms inj`mr`ms. Mltàh, prhtmkjciomltm, quilch ml`hltrir uo hesté`unh-pmcri vh`â  phcm utjnjzé-nh phsjtjviomltm lhs inj`mr`ms cm suis `hlstruëýms. Vh`â tinvmz mstmbi mstmbi pmlsilch qum mxjstmo pmcris oujth krilcms, tinvmz vh`â tmlai sjch hrjmltich i quilch ml`hltrir uoi pmcri jlsjstjr mo eitmr lmni piri ifisté-ni ch `iojlah, omsoh i `usti cm sm oi`au`ir. @hltuch, vh`â  phcm jr iprmlcmlch qum is pmcris ch `iojlah sàh uo mx`mnmltm mx`mnmltm fmmcei`g   fmmcei`g  piri  piri lhssis fjxiëýms m ipmkh. @inoiomltm, vh`â phcm jr pmr`memlch qum is pmcris lh `iojlah jlcj`io uoi lm`mssjcicm cm fnmxjejnjzir m shntir. H rm`hlam`jomlth cmstm prh`mssh phcmré i`mnmrir h smu `rms`jomlth uoi fhroi smkuri Sinvmzcmikhri, siemlch qumm prhtmkjci. is pmcris ibucio i `rms`mr, phjs jlcj`io fnmxjejnjcicm m lm`mssjcicm cm shntir, vh`â phssi ms`hnamr uo hesté`unh-pmcri. Mni phcm smr krilcm hu pmqumli, tinvmz rmchlci, hu phltjikuci. Sinvmz thom thch `iojlah, tinvmz smbi ipmlis uo phlth. H jophrtiltm ê qum vh`â phcm utjnjzé-ni piri `rms`mr. Mlquilth vh`â rmspjri `hls`jmltmomltm, sui omltm séeji bé ms`hnamu uoi pmcri `ho i quin vh`â phcm trieinair `hlfhrtivmnomltm. M cjiltm cmsti pmcri vh`â pmrkulti2 h qum prm`jsh iprmlcmr `ho mstm hesté`unh-pmcri8 @hoh msti pmcriinj`mr`m phcm fhrtinm`mr phsjtjviomltm h omu `iojlah8 Yum quinjcicms m vinhrms msti pmcriinj`mr`m qumr qum mu cmsmlvhnvi8 Cmjxm sui omltm jl`hls`jmltm prh`mssir iohrhsiomltm mstis pmrkultis, mlquilth sui omltm `hls`jmltm `hltjlui iprmlcmlch i i`hopilair i rmspjriëàh, shntilch... fnmxjejnjzilch...Trh`urilch vjsuinjzir is rmsphstis `hoh inj`mr`ms, vh`â phcm jr pmr`memlch is

oucilëis mo smu `iojlah. Vh`â vij `hlstrujlch h `iojlah ihlcm sm sjlti njvrm, shnth m fnmxïvmn. Cmjxm mstm `iojlah smkurh kilair mspiëh mo sui vjci. Mlquilth sui omltm séeji vij cmsfrutilch m iprmlcmlch i `ici rmspjriëàh i trilsfhroir pmcris mo inj`mr`ms, oiltmlch mstm mstich m smltjlch-sm `hls`jmltm chs smus pês vh`â phcm jr kilailch oijs smkurilëi m

 

fnmxjejnjcicm ä omcjci qum vij vhntilch i mstm ioejmltm, omxmlch h smu `hrph, fnmxjejnjzilch `ici pirtm. Umthrlich i mstm mspiëh cm smkurilëi. =.0.0.5. Sh`ilch m njemrilch iohrhsiomltm i mxpmrjâl`ji cm ilsjmcicm. I iopnjiëàh ch fh`h pmr`mptjvh, itrivês ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth itjvh cm vhntir i itmlëàh  piri h ohomlth prmsmltm, ê fulciomltin lh prh`mssh prh`mssh cm `uri. Jlstruëàh2 Trh`urm `inoiomltm trizmr sui itmlëàh piri i rmspjriëàh. ]sm-i piri mxpnhrir itmltiomltm `ici érmi ch smu `hrph. Tmrojti-sm cmsfrutir ch `ujcich prhpj`jich pmni itmlëàh `uritjvi, trilsfhroilch `ho i rmspjriëàh `ici tmlsàh qum surbi. M quilch pmr`memr uoi ilsjmcicm surkjlch prh`urm mxiojlé-ni, th`ilch-i iohrhsiomltm... Th`urm jcmltjfj`ir qum mohëýms, smlsiëýms, pmlsiomlths, smltjomlths m tmlsýms mstàh itrés ci ilsjmcicm. H mxiom itml`jhsh ci ilsjmcicm ê uo pissh fuciomltin lh `iojlah cm trilsfhroiëàh. Sinvmz vh`â phssi pmr`memr omchs, tinvmz `unpis hu tmlsýms (piusi). ]sm i itmlëàh `hls`jmltm piri njemré-nhs. Phntilch `inoiomltm m prhtmkjciomltm. IKHUI vh`â phcm joikjlir-sm `hopnmtiomltm njvrm ci ilsjmcicm. Umspjrilch njvrmomltm, `inoiomltm. Tmr`mei `hoh rmspjriëàh fj`i mo njvrm. hutris viltikmls pmr`mem quilch làhaivji aé ilsjmcicm8 (piusi)sui Trh`urm smltï-nis smuYum `hrph, cmsfrutilch civh`â njemrcicm. M hlcm iltms ilsjmcicm  pmr`mei IKHUI i njemrcicm. njemrcicm. =.0.0.0. Iopnjm h `hltith `ho h `hrph.

Mxmr`ï`jhs sjopnms `hoh hesmrvir `hls`jmltmomltm h `hrph phcmo fivhrm`mr i jltmkriëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji, phjs hs prh`msshs cm cjvjsàh nmvio i oijhrji cis pmsshis i làh tmrmo i oïljoi `hls`jâl`ji `hrphrin. Yuilch h `njmltm sm pmrcm mo smus rmniths vmreijs cmsml`hrphrichs, h tmripmuti nam shnj`jti qum hesmrvm hlcm i sui fini msté rmpmr`utjlch lh smu `hrph. JLPSU]ËIH @hom`m fh`ilch i itmlëàh lh thph cm sui `iemëi m, `inoiomltm, vh`â vij cms`mlch h fh`h cm sui itmlëàh ih nhlkh ch `hrph. Ê jophrtiltm cmcj`ir inkuls ojluths piri thoir `hls`jâl`ji cm `ici pirtm cm smu `hrph. Cmjxm-sm mlvhnvmr trilqþjniomltm pmni rmspjriëàh, mlquilth vij hesmrvilch h smu `hrph (piusi). ]silch i rmspjriëàh piri i`hopilair `ici  pissh, vé cms`mlch, cmsfrutilch h `hltith `ho h smu `hrph, cmsfrutilch sui prmsmlëi. prmsmlëi. Yuilch smltjr qum inkuoi pirtm cm smu `hrph msté chnhrjci hu tmlsi, vh`â phcm rmspjrir oijs cmohriciomltm, trâs hu quitrh vmzms, oiltmlch sui itmlëàh liqumni érmi. Jsth  phssjejnjti, phr uo ohomlth, trizmr sui `hls`jâl`ji cm vhnti ih mstir mxitiomltm iquj. Yuilch `amkir ihs pês prh`urm omxm-nhs suivmomltm, smltjlch-hs il`hrichs fjromomltm lh `aàh.

 

 

=.0.0.3. Mxmr`ï`jh cm iopnjiëàh ci pmr`mpëàh

Mssms mxmr`ï`jhs eus`io i mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji usuin qum lhs pmrojtm i`mssir cjomlsýms ci rminjcicm trils`mlcmltm itrivês ci sjlthlji ahnhkréfj`i `ho hs `iophs cm mlmrkji uljvmrsin oitmrjinjzichs lhs rmjlhs ci liturmzi (ojlmrin, vmkmtin, iljoin, auoilh, ilkmnj`in) m lhs smus mnmomlths eésj`hs (tmrri, ékui, fhkh, oicmjri, omtin), mspmnaichs lh `hltmxth jomcjith i lhssi vhnti. Mstm `hltmxth phcmré smr `hltitich li phsjëàh cm tmstmoulai fmlhomlhnðkj`i, cmsjcmltjfj`ici, m, ih omsoh tmoph pmr`mptjvi mo rmniëàh ihs `mlérjhs chs mvmlths pmr`mejchs. JLPSU]ËIH Mo sjnâl`jh, eus`ilch `rjir itrivês ci rmspjriëàh uo `ioph cm `hls`jâl`ji ` hls`jâl`ji mltrm `hrph m omltm, `iojlam pmni sini hu pmnh bircjo. Ieri-sm piri h `hltith... ]sm thchs hs smltjchs, mstmbi  prmsmltm `ho i rmspjriëàh. @iojlam h tmoph qum fhr lm`mssérjh, rmcuzi h rjtoh, phlai-sm iohrhsiomltm lh rjtoh ci sui rmspjriëàh. Vh`â phcm `iojlair trilqþjniomltm, mltrilch mo `hltith `ho thch h ioejmltm m ih sm cmpirir `ho uo u o hebmth jltmrmssiltm, pirm cjiltm cmnm. Pjlti h hebmth, thqum-h, ms`utm-h, vmbi-h. Ieri-sm `hopnmtiomltm piri mstm `hltith. Mstmbi itmlth ih smltjomlth qum mnm nam triz. Hesmrvm-h. Trh`urm `hlam`â-nh, pmr`meâ-nh... Vh`â tmo uo eho tmoph piri rminjzir msti mxpmrjâl`ji (mo thrlh cm 94 ojluths). M quilch th`irohs h`hl`nujr sjlh uoi vmz, vh`â siemré mstiohs lhsvhntm iprhxjoich cim `hl`nusàh mxmr`ï`jh. Tiri th`irmohs h sjlh vérjisqum vmzms. Cmphjs, piri i sini smltm-sm mochsjnâl`jh. @hopirtjnam `ho h kruph. Mstm mxmr`ï`jh ibuci li `hoprmmlsàh chs hebmths `hoh fmlóomlhs, hu smbi, mnms sàh jlsmpirévmjs ch hebmth „cmltrh cm sj‟. I rminjcicm ê oijs ch qum h submjth phcm pmr`memr `ho hs smltjchs ‐  smltjchs  ‐  „ipirâl`ji‟. „ipirâl`ji‟.   =.3. MQMU@Ï@JHP TPJ@HFÏPJ@HP Hs mxmr`ï`jhs psj`hfïsj`hs vjsio jltmkrir i cuinjcicm omltm/`hrph kmrinomltm prmsmltm li oijhrji cis pmsshis qum eus`io hs smrvjëhs psj`hnðkj`hs `ho h hebmtjvh cm `hlcuzj-nis ih  Lïvmn ch @mltiurh (vmr `irthkrifji cm [jnemr lmstm njvrh). Inêo cm fivhrm`mr i jltmkriëàh, tioeêo sàh lh usichs `hl`mltrichs `hrph.piri cir iphjh hu phssjejnjtir h cmsenhqumjh chs lðs moh`jhlijs =.3.9. Isilis =.3.9.  Isilis   Krilcm pirtm chs mxmr`ï`jhs psj`hfïsj`hs rminjzichs li `nïlj`i trilspmsshin fhj iciptici ch yhki ojnmlir, hlcm sàh cmlhojlichs isilis isilis,, m phcmo smr usichs piri fi`jnjtir h prh`mssh  psj`htmripâutj`h ch `njmltm `hoh jlcj`i h trieinah cm Gmilm m @hpm (9: (9::6). :6). Ih fh`ir i itmlëàh  smnf   `hkljtjvh) piri h lïvmn lhs prh`msshs ch `hrph, i pmsshi mstiré ojkrilch ch ri`jhlin ( smnf  fïsj`h-smlsðrjh ( smnf   smnf   shoétj`h) hlcm msté h jlmskhtévmn oilil`jin cm vmrcicms h`unticis ch mstich `hls`jmltm. H @ursh cm Ejhpsj`hnhkji, ojljstrich pmni Crª Pusil Ilcrmws hfmrm`m mx`mnmltms ohcmnhs cm iciptiëàh cmstms mxmr`ï`jhs piri h `hltmxth tmripâutj`h.

Mstms mxmr`ï`jhs phssumo i prhprjmcicm cm iopnjir h smlsh pmr`mpëàh fh`ilch i itmlëàh lhs prh`msshs `hrphrijs, fivhrm`mlch, issjo, uo `hltith oijhr `ho is mohëýms enhqumicis. Msti prétj`i ê fmjti `hl`hojtiltmomltm `ho i rmspjriëàh m itui mo thch h hrkiljsoh  prhohvmlch h mqujnïerjh cis sm`rmëýms ahrohlijs ch sjstmoi-knilcunir. sjstmoi-knilcunir. @hoh siemohs, tilth i

 

rmspjriëàh quilth h sjstmoi mlcð`rjlh tâo uoi rmniëàh jltrïlsm`i `ho lhssis mohëýms. (Vâ `ip. JJJ, jtmo 0.5.3. lmstm njvrh). I prhphrëàh mo qum viohs smlsjejnjzilch h `njmltm piri uo `hltith oijs prhfulch m jltmkrich äs suis virjicis cjomlsýms, mnm vij iopnjilch i `hls`jâl`ji m jltmrikjlch mo lïvmjs oijs sutjs, cms`herjlch is jlòomris phssjejnjcicms qum phssum cm `hlqujstir h mqujnïerjh m vjvmr airohljhsiomltm, hetmlch iuthlhoji lh mstir lh oulch (ipmsir cis icvmrsjcicms) rmsphlsévmn  phr sj prðprjh. H psj`htmripmuti trilspmsshin qum phssuj uoi mxpmrjâl`ji pmsshin m uoi fhroiëàh mspm`ïfj`i li prétj`i cmssms mxmr`ï`jhs phcmré trieinaé-nhs `ho h `njmltm7 `ish `hltrérjh, cmvmré ml`iojlaé-nh i uo tmripmuti `ipi`jtich. I omti iquj làh ê suestjtujr is iunis cm Zhki, hu omsoh fizmr Zhki `ho h `njmltm, ois sjo usir smus rm`urshs jltmkritjvhs ojnmlirms qum fulciomltio i Ejhpsj`hnhkji, piri jltmkrir is cjvmrsis cjomlsýms ch Pmr. H ispm`th fïsj`h ci prétj`i ch Zhki qum mlvhnvm cjstmlsýms m phsturis ê `aioich Aitai Zhki m tmo oujth ehls rmsuntichs lh mqujnïerjh chs kruphs cm oòs`unhs7 sm vh`â cjstmlcm i  pirtm iltmrjhr, phr mxmopnh, tioeêo cjstmlcmré i pirtm phstmrjhr, fivhrm`mlch uo cmsenhqumjh cis tmlsýms psj`hfïsj`is. =.3.5. Shqums cm iphjh Hs thqums cm iphjh tioeêo `aioichs cm „`hltjlmltm‟ (Krhf) vjsio prhpj`jir i jltmkriëàh lhs ohomlths cm rmthrlh hu cm krilcm tmlsàh chs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji. Pàh jltmrvmlëýms suivms qum jlcj`io uoi prmsmlëi qum iopiri h `njmltm li supmriëàh ch cmsifjh2 i `hnh`iëàh ci oàh sherm h hoerh, kmrinomltm h hoerh cjrmjth, sherm i `iemëi hu uo nmvm thqum li oàh ch pi`jmltm. Shcis mstis oilheris cmvmo ipmlis smr usicis quilch trizmo rmin emlmfï`jh ih pi`jmltm, phrtilth, iltms cm usé-nis, mnis cmvmo smr ivinjicis, `hltmxtuinjzicis m `houlj`icis ih pi`jmltm. Sjph2 „vhu th`ir sui oàh piri qum vh`â thom `hls`jâl`ji cm...‟. cm...‟.   H ipicrjlaiomlth cis mxpmrjâl`jis triuoétj`is cm fhroi phsjtjvi tioeêo ê uoi cis ipnj`iëýms ch thqum cm iphjh. I mltrici mo mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji phcm `hlcuzjr i rmvjvâl`jis triuoétj`is hlcm i pmsshi làh `hlsmkum smltjr iphjh mo sj omsoi piri rhopmr `ho  picrýms lmkitjvhs. Thr mxmopnh, pmsshi rmvjvmlch uoi `mli cmiphjh ieushsjm omsoi, tmlch smu`hoh mkh icunth frikjnjzich, sm ijlci làh uoi mstjvmr mo `hlcjëýms cm hfmrm`mr  pmrshlikmo `rjilëi, phcmré `irm`mr cm iphjh fïsj`h piri mlfrmltir h ieusichr. Jsth phcm smr fmjth `hnh`ilch-sm i oàh lh hoerh ch pi`jmltm, cjzmlch-nam qum mstiohs bulths lmsti mxpmrjâl`ji.. mxpmrjâl`ji Ohomlths triuoétj`hs cm lis`jomlth quilch rmvjvjchs phcmo phc mo rmqumrmr uoi „mxpmrjâl`ji moh`jhlin `hrrmtjvi‟, cm fhroi qum h tmripmuti smrvm cm ‑oàm/pirtmjri ehi‚ hfmrm`mlch `hemrthr, iphjh fïsj`h m pinivris trilqþjnjzichris. Nêh Oiths (supmrvjsàh) cé oioicmjri piri pi`jmltms qum rmvjvmo lis`jomlths triuoétj`hs m qum cmsmlvhnvmrio cjfj`uncicms cm sm vjl`unir phsjtjviomltm `ho i fjkuri oitmrli. Mnm hfmrm`m ih pmrshlikmo „emeâ‟ qum momrkju li mxpmrjâl`ji uoi rmsjkljfj`iëàh vjvml`jin vjvml`jin  phsjtjvi. 

 

=.3.0. Oilheris cm cmsenhqumjh Is oilheris cm cmsenhqumjh `hlstio cm prmssýms `ho h ush cis oàhs hu cm inohficis sherm érmis cm tmlsàh psj`hfïsj`i. Iquj h tmripmuti cmvm tmr eho smlsh m `hlam`jomlth cm ilithoji piri làh prmssjhlir érmis smlsïvmjs i nmsýms. Äs vmzms, uo nmvm thqum, issh`jich ä rmspjriëàh `ho fh`injziëàh jltmlsi li érmi cm tmlsàh, phcm tmr h omsoh rmsuntich. H hebmtjvh ê jltmlsjfj`ir h sjlthoi cm fhroi qum h `hltmòch ms`hlcjch ipirmëi pmrojtjlch, issjo, trieinaénh. Oilheris cm cmsenhqumjh oijs jltmlsis, `hoh is hrjulcis ci iyurvmci iyurvmci   hu ci  ejhmlmrkêtj`i, cmvmo smr ipnj`icis ipmlis phr tmripmutis mxpmrjmltms, phjs i inti njemriëàh cm mlmrkji prmsmltm lhs lðs `hrphrijs `hlcuz i mxpmrjâl`jis mxtrmoiomltm jltmlsis, cmvmlch h tmripmuti smr `ipiz cm ibucir li jltmkriëàh cmstis mlmrkjis. Äs vmzms i sjopnms hesmrviëàh ch tólus ous`unir oijs mlrjbm`jch hu oijs „nirkiciomltm ieilchlich‟ li `icmjri hu lh `hn`aàh  bé jlcj`i ih tmripmuti uoi u oi cms`hlmxàh jl`hls`jmltm ch `njmltm mo rmniëàh i inkuois pirtms ch smu `hrph. Lmssms `ishs, h tmripmuti phcmré phcmré phltuir2 „`hoh vh`â msté msté smltjlch smus pês ikhri8 Mu vhu th`ir hs smus pês m vh`â om cjz h qum i`hltm`m `ho mssi smlsiëàh jltmlsjfj`ici.‟ Mo inkuois sjtuiëýms sjtuiëýms i oi oilheri lheri ch ttmripmuti mripmuti phcm làh smr cjrmtiomltm ivjsici ivjsici,, `hoh luoi rmvjvâl`ji  mxmr`m cm fuki lm`mssérji7 ihqum fukjr cm uo`hoh iljoin smnvikmo. Lmstm `ish, `ish,   h   prmssàh tmripmuti tmripmuti  mxmr`m  prmssàh she hsphr pêsmxmopnh2 ch `njmltm sm cmeitm sm smnvikmo mstjvmssm. `hrrmlch, msti jltmrvmlëàh phcm smr i`hopilaici cm pinivris mstjounichris, tjph2 „`hrri, `hrri, vé itê h fjo ljssh...‟. =.=. PHLAHP JLI@IEICHP H trieinah `ho shlahs jli`ieichs, jlspjrich li tricjëàh bulkujili ê `houo i cjvmrshs mlfhqums trilspmsshijs `hoh h cm [hhnkmr (supmrvjsàh), h cm Issikjhnj (9::5), h cm Nêh Oiths lh smu Phlah @itértj`h Cjurlh (9::3) m lh Zhki Sjemtilh chs Phlahs. Is tê`lj`is vjsio fivhrm`mr i trils`mlcâl`ji ci iuth-joikmo m ci rminjcicm `hlsmlsuin, ierjlch mspiëh piri hs prh`msshs iuth-rmkunichrms cm `uri prhohvjchs pmni thtinjcicm hrkiljsoj`i. ipnj`icijli`ieichs‟ cm fhroi jlcjvjcuin hu mo kruph. IpmsirMni chphcm lhomsmr„shlahs sukmrjr qum mstis tê`lj`is njcio ipmlis `ho frikomlths cm shlahs, mnis phcmo smr prhcuzjcis i pirtjr cm uo smltjomlth, cm uo  pmlsiomlth rmpmtjtjvh, cm uoi smlsiëàh, cm uo oilcini mxm`utich pmnh prðprjh `njmltm, hu cm hutri sjtuiëàh qum jlcjqum lm`mssjcicm cm `hopnmtir uoi `icmji cm `hmxs ohejnjzici. JLPSU]ËÀH H `njmltm ê `hlvjcich i cmjtir-sm sherm uo `hn`ahlmtm hu i pmroilm`mr   `hlfhrtivmnomltm smltich, i fm`air hs hnahs, i hesmrvir phr inkuls jlstiltms i prðprji rmspjriëàh m, mo smkujci, mstilch rmnitjviomltm rmnixich, ê jlfhroilch pmnh tmripmuti qum mnm sm ml`hltri smkurh m prhtmkjch. Lmstm ohomlth nam ê shnj`jtich qum mltrm mo `hltith `ho h smu smltjomlth/smlsiëàh/pmlsiomlth, pmrojtjlch qum mstm sm

jltmlsjfjqum, m qum vé mxprmssilch-h mo pinivris, phssjejnjtilch h `hltith `ho hs `hltmòchs qum momrbio smo bunké-nis, `hoh sm mstjvmssm vjvmlch uo shlah (hu h shlah), lirrilch-h sjountilmiomltm, lh tmoph prmsmltm. I jcêji ê mstjounir h fnuxh

 

ci issh`jiëàh njvrm, fivhrm`mlch i rmshnuëàh cm `hlfnjth vji ush ci joikjliëàh `rjitjvi.  H phlth `mltrin cmsti tê`lj`i ê i phssjejnjcicm cm i`mssir `hlfnjths chs lïvmjs  pmrjlitijs m trilspmsshijs, pmrojtjlch ih `njmltm hutris vjis piri mxprmssir smu shfrjomlth  psïquj`h.   Lh `ish cm uo shlah jli`ieich, shnj`jti-sm ih `njmltm qum `hltjlum h shlah cm hlcm mnm fhj jltmrrhopjch ih i`hrcir-sm (hu cm hlcm sm nmoeri, quilch smltm qum msqum`mu uoi  pirtm) m qum prh`urm `hopnmté-nh, itê qum tmlai pmr`mejch i rmshnuëàh ch `hlfnjth, hu tmlsàh, trizjch lh shlah.  Mxmopnh2 @njmltm ounamr, 36 ilhs, qumjxilch-sm cm cmprmssàh, shlai `ho uoi `ijxi `ijlch cis luvmls, i`hrci ilkustjici. Làh `hlsmkum fizmr lmlauoi issh`jiëàh `ho h shlah. Smripmuti (S)  ‐   Ikhri, prhtmkjciomltm, vh`â phcm fm`air hs smus hnahs m joikjlir qum msté tmlch mstm shlah ikhri. Trh`urm smltjr h shlah... rmspjrm `inoiomltm... hesmrvm is smlsiëýms ch smu `hrph... Jsth, rmspjrilch, mltrilch  smkuriomltm lh oulch chs shlahs... hesmrvilch smus pmlsiomlths... shlailch. @njmltm (@)  ‐   H `êu msté `nirh, làh tmo luvmls. Msthu hnailch piri h inth,  pmrcjci(S) lh ‐ tmoph... luvmo cm i`hltm`m8 `auvi surkm lh `êu`ij m cmni `ij uoi (S) ‐   Jsth,  Jsth, vé ]oi icjiltm, h qum I `ijxi ci luvmo m...`ijxi... (@)  ‐   I `ijxi ê cm oicmjri... `urjhsh, ikhri vmbh qum i `ijxi ê krilcm, ch tioilah cm uo ahomo. Mni `ij lh `aàh m ierm uo euri`h li tmrri. Ierh i `ijxi m mni msté vizji, `hnh`h tmrri cmltrh cmni m pnilth fnhrms. Is fnhrms `rms`mo m ikhri h`upio krilcm pirtm ci tmrri. I `ijxi mlvmnam`mu, `uoprju sui tirmfi m ikhri sm thrlhu icueh piri is pniltis. H `êu fj`hu izun lhviomltm. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  H  H `êu fj`hu izun lhviomltm... (@)  ‐   Ê, tuch fj`hu `nirh. @urjhsh, mlquilth mu joikjlivi h shlah nmoermj qum ahbm ê h iljvmrsérjh cm ohrtm ch omu oirjch. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Ê,  Ê, mu nmoerh quilch vh`â finhu ci tmopmsticm qum fhj, li sui vjci, i sui ohrtm. (@) (@) ‐   ‐   Ikhri,  Ikhri, msthu sijlch piri `iltir, omus fjnahs m stàh sm mstàh oijs fmnjzms. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  „I `ijxi mlvmnam`mu, `uoprju sui tirmfi m ikhri semo m thrlhu icueh piri is pniltis‟. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Omu   Omu oirjch fmz h qum pócm, ljlkuêo ê `unpich sui pmni ohrtm, ahbm mu  smj... (@ahri) (S)  ‐   Yuilch i `auvi `ij chs lhsshs hnahs h sufj`jmltm, h `êu fj`i izun lhviomltm. M is fnhrms/fjnahs vhntio i fnhrjr. Shch pissich thrli-sm icueh. Mo thchs hs `ishs, h tmripmuti fivhrm`m ih `njmltm h pmrojtjr qum is joikmls rmfmrmltms äs prhbmëýms cm uo futurh lmkitjvh sm rminjzmo li filtisji, omsoh qum sm hrjkjlmo cm fiths rmijs ch pissich qum làh fhrio „rmshnvjchs‟ ( kmstints ( kmstints   iemrtis), `hlcuzjlch-h ä `hlsuoiëàh cm smus tmohrms, `hlfrhltilch-h `ho h omch itê h phlth

oéxjoh. H `njmltm ê `hlvjcich i vjvml`jir i trilsfhroiëàh ci sjtuiëàh hrjkjlin (hu pmni rmshnuëàh ch `hlfnjth `ho shnuëýms qum iltms mstivio ipmlis lh lïvmn jltmnm`tuin, hu pmni mxpmrjâl`ji `unojliltm cm ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth). Mo ioehs hs `ishs, mxjstm uoi mxpmrjâl`ji cm trils`mlcâl`ji itrivês ci qumeri cis jcmltjfj`iëýms mkðj`is.

 

I smkujr, iprmsmltirmohs uo frikomlth cm `ish `ho h hebmtjvh cm mxmopnjfj`ir h ush cmsti tê`lj`i2 tê`lj`i2 H mxmopnh cm C. A., uoi bhvmo cm 91 ilhs, qum tjlai „ahrrhr‟ i nukirms inths,  phjs smoprm nam i`hltm`ji tmr pmlsiomlths „msqujsjths‟, `hoh „itjrir -sm -sm pmni bilmni hu `hjsi  pirm`jci‟ (sj`). Smripmuti (S)  ‐   Cmjtm-sm... fm`am hs hnahs... hesmrvm sui rmspjriëàh... h ir mltrilch m sijlch... mlquilth vh`â sm smltm `ici vmz oijs rmnixici... `hls`jmltm cm qum vh`â msté iquj m ikhri, smkuri m prhtmkjciomltm... Tmlsm li òntjoi vmz qum mstm pmlsiomlth nam h`hrrmu, hu mo inkuoi hutri vmz mo qum mnm tmlai  surkjch emo fhrtm... Finm-om cmssm ohomlth, lh tmoph prmsmltm, `hoh sm mstjvmssm i`hltm`mlch ikhri. @njmltm (@) ‐  (@) ‐  „Msthu li virilci ch ipirtiomlth cm uoi iojki, shohs uo kruph cm 3 hu = `hnmkis... `hnmkis... Mstiohs cjs`utjlch sherm h qum phcmrmohs fizmr, piri hlcm  phcmrmohs jr piri iprhvmjtir h fjlin ci tircm... Om sjlth jopi`jmltm, làh qumrji mstir iquj, ois mu tioeêo làh smj piri hlcm jr. Om sjlth jrrjtici, moehri làh tmlai ohtjvh. Hnah i rui né mo eijxh, pmlsh mo itjrir-om lh mspiëh vizjh... Mssm  pmlsiomlth om ilkustji, quism làh prmsth oijs itmlëàh lh qum mnms mstàh  finilch, làh qumrh fj`ir iquj, `hltjluh pmlsilch qum phcmrji om itjrir itjri r ... Smlah omch cmssm pmlsiomlth, ois `hltjluh pmlsilch... Làh qumrh pmlsir,ljssh‟.  tmlah  omch cm i`ieir om itjrilch omsoh, phrqum làh `hlsjkh pi rir pirir cm pmlsir ljssh‟. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  H  H qum i`hltm`m, `hoh jssh tmrojli8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Mu  Mu vhu moehri, cmjxh-hs... (S)  ‐   Mltàh vhntm piri iqumnm ohomlth mo qum vh`â ijlci msté li virilci,  pmlsilch mo sm „itjrir lh mspiëh vizjh‟, joikjlm qum vh`â fiz jssh.  jssh.  (@)  ‐   ... Mltàh mu om bhkh... @ijh... Omu `hrph msté ahrrïvmn. Làh `hlsjkh om ifistir ciquj, huëh is pmsshis `homltilch mlquilth hnaio omu `hrph. Mu làh qumrji tmr fmjth jssh, msthu ilkustjici, pmrcjci... Ljlkuêo phcm om ibucir, ljlkuêo om huvm, ljlkuêo om vâ. Ê ahrrïvmn... Làh qumrh jr i nukir lmlauo (...)  Msthu lh lici... ms`urh, om sjlth shnti lh ms`urh. (S)  ‐  Fiëi i filtisji qum tuch `homëi i fj`ir ipmrtich... `ici vmz oijs ipmrtich... Ikhri hnamcjfï`jn piricm eijxh m cmsëi mstisiïci... iemrt iemrturi uri kujich) kujich).. (@) (@) ‐   ‐   Msté Msté ipmrtich, pissir. Làhphr tmlah finti(shlah ir (ajpmrvmltjni-sm msphltilmiomltm). (S)  ‐  Cuis oàhs cm nuz pmkio i sui `iemëi m `homëio i puxé-né piri fhri (shlah kujich m iphjh ch mkh iuxjnjir joikjlérjh.) (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Is   Is oàhs om puxio piri fhri ch lici. Ikhri msthu luo nukir njlch, uoi  fnhrmsti `ho rjh, iljoijs, shn... (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Ieri  Ieri h `mltrh ch smu pmjth m joikjlm qum i emnmzi cmstm ioejmltm th`i vh`â  prhfulciomltm.. Jsth, rmspjrm, mxpilci h smu `hrph. M uoi pmqumli pêrhni erjlailtm mltri mo smu `hriëàh m `homëi i mxpilcjr nuz i pirtjr cis suis eitjcis... ch rjtoh ch smu `hriëàh... piri thch h smu `hrph, `houlj`ilch i `ici `ênuni msti mxpmrjâl`ji cm piz m emnmzi ( Jhki  Jhki Sjemtili chs Phlahs).

 Ih tmrojlh ci vjvâl`ji i pi`jmltm fhj mstjounici i rminjzir uo oilcini, hebmtjvilch jltmkrir i mxpmrjâl`ji.  mxpmrjâl`ji.   H phlth `mltrin cm cjfmrml`jiëàh mltrm msti iciptiëàh m h trieinah chs iuthrms i`joi `jtichs ê i oms`nikmo cis oòntjpnis `hltrjeujëýms cm fhroi qum, quilch lm`mssérjh, kujiohs h

 

shlah `hoh Issikjhnj, jltrhcuzjohs pmrshlikmls mkh-iuxjnjirms piri iphjirmo h cmsfm`ah  phsjtjvh ch shlah hu fivhrm`mrmo is mxpmrjâl`jis cm ohrtm-rmlis`jomlth cmsml`icmicis, `hoh h fiz [hhnkmr, hu smkujohs h shlah joikjlérjh itê i sui `itirsm `hoh Nêh Oiths. H ush cm vjsuinjziëýms `rjitjvis ih fjlin ci vjvâl`ji, `hoh i prmsmlëi cm uoi `niri nuz hu itjviëàh cm érmis ch `hrph i pirtjr ci joikjliëàh, ê uoi `hltrjeujëàh ch Zhki Sjemtilh chs Phlahs m ibuci lh prh`mssh cm jltmkriëàh cis mxpmrjâl`jis ohejnjzicis curiltm is smssýms. =.6. BHULICIP CM FILSIPJI Msti `itmkhrji mlknhei tê`lj`is cjrjkjcis `ho i utjnjziëàh cm sïoehnhs m irquêtjphs piri ohejnjzir `hltmòchs jl`hls`jmltms `ho h fjo cm iopnjir mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji m fivhrm`mr h  prh`mssh cm iuth`hlam`jomlth, cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh m `hlsmqþmltm trilsfhroiëàh. Mxmopnjfj`ilch jsth, h ush ci fhkumjri `hoh sïoehnh ch fhkh, luoi vjvâl`ji cm njemriëàh cm smltjomlths cmsikricévmjs, prhohvm i itjviëàh lh jl`hls`jmltm ch irquêtjph cm trilsfhroiëàh7 issjo, lh åoejth ch joikjlérjh, phssjejnjti-sm i trils`mlcâl`ji ci sjtuiëàh `hlfnjtuhsi liqumnm ohomlth, qum phcmré sm mstmlcmr ih `htjcjilh ch jlcjvjcuh. H tmripmuti phcmré tioeêocmtmrojlichs `rjir hutris tê`lj`is cm bhrlicis cjrjkjcis, `hlam`mlch quijs irquêtjphs cjspým piri fivhrm`mr hebmtjvhs. @hopnmomltilch h mxmopnh i`joi rmfmrjch, h fhkh ci fhkumjri phcm smr usich piri ieshrvmr, li joikjliëàh, rijvi, oékhi, ilkòstji hu `unpi, cjsshnvmlch-i mo fuoiëi. Mo smkujci, h tmripmuti phcm utjnjzir i Smrri, qum mlknhei h irquêtjph fmojljlh ci Krilcm Oàm, `hoh sïoehnh ci liturmzi, piri qum trilsfhrom is `jlzis mo mnmomlth cm fmrtjnjziëàh `ho i fjlinjcicm cm prhohvmr rmlhviëàh m vjci, mlfjo uo mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji cm rmlis`jomlth psj`hnðkj`h. Mo qum pmsm h mxtmlsh ir`iehuëh sjoeðnj`h m irqumtïpj`h, iprmsmltiohs uoi `nissjfj`iëàh ci `hrrmsphlcâl`ji cm inkuls rmfmrmltms, lh smltjch cm phssjejnjtir `ho h smu ush i itjviëàh chs irquêtjphs, i pirtjr ci prhvh`iëàh sjoeðnj`i (qum phcmré surkjr cm fhroi msphltålmi pmnh `njmltm hu smr jlcuzjci pmni jlvh`iëàh ch tmripmuti). PÏOEHNH IUY]ÊSJTH jcicm. 9. Pïoehnh ch Sih2 uljàh chs hphsths Cm `hopnmomltirjmcicm/uljcicm/thtinjcicm. `hopnmomltirjmcicm/uljcicm/thtin 5. Ohltilai2 sïoehnh cm mnmviëàh, Cm is`mlsàh, cm mnmviëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji. nukir mnmvich7 cmsifjh. 0. Érvhrm2 sïoehnh cm ioicurm`jomlth Cm `rms`jomlth, jlcjvjcuiëàh, „nukir lh ch mkh. oulch‟.   oulch‟. 3. Fnhrms2 sïoehnh cm emnmzi, cm Cm `rms`jomlth, `hlmxàh mspjrjtuin ä cécjvi ci  prjoivmri m/hu prmlòl`jh cm fruth  emnmzi mo mssâl`ji. =. Fruth2 sïoehnh cm ioicurm`jomlth7 Cm `rms`jomlth oijhr qum h cis fnhrms, m cm vjci. Emo ivmlturilëi, h qum ê lutrjch. `hnamjti ch qum sm vmo jlvmstjlch7 kmriëàh cm vjci7 injomlth. 6. Fuoiëi2 sïoehnh cm cjsshnuëàh. @niri, jlcj`i trilsfhroiëàh.

Ms`uri, ;. Vmni2 sïoehnh ci nuz. Cm eus`iniejrjlth. mspjrjtuin/mspjrjtuinjzi mspjrjtuin/mspjrjtuinjziëàh. ëàh. 1. Mstrmni2 sïoehnh cm mlmrkji `ðsoj`i. `ðsoj`i. Cm rmlis`jomlth, vjci. Li kmhomtr kmhomtrji ji sikrici2

 

`hlmxàh mspjrjtuin :. Smopnh, jkrmbi, ohstmjrh2 sïoehnh cm Cm mspjrjtuinjziëàh. Cm prhpðsjth cm vjci jltmkrilch omltm, `hrph m rmnjkjhssjcicm, cm ml`hltrh `ho h inoi. smnf/Cmus. 94. Vmnah séejh, mrojtàh2 sïoehnh ch Cm siemchrji. smnf/Mu Pupmrjhr Cm njlaikmo il`mstrin i ajstðrji 99. Ujh, `ursh cm ékuis pissilch. Cm trilsjthrjmcicm, jopmroilâl`ji. 95. @i`ahmjri2 sïoehnh ci fhrëi ci Cm purjfj`iëàh m mlmrkjziëàh. liturmzi m cm njopmzi. 90. Nuz churici. Cm trilsfhroiëàh, rmvjtinjziëàh m prhtmëàh cjvjli. 93. Nuz eril`i. Cm piz, airohljziëàh, iuthprhtmëàh Cm hesti`unjziëàh. 9=. Niejrjlth2 sïoehnh cm mstich Iqumnm qum eus`i `hlfrhlth `ho is shoeris `hlfush, cm làh siemr i siïci, cm sm jltmrlis ml`hltrir mo cjfj`uncicm. 96. Vmkmtiëàh, `iophs vmrcms, bircjo. Cm `rms`jom `rms`jomlth, lth, cm vjci, njemrcicm 9;. Phn2 sïoehnh ois`unjlh cm mlmrkji Cm pij, Krilcm Tij, cm vjci. yilk. Trhtmëàh smrms issjstmltms 91. Nui2 sïoehnh fmojljlh cm mlmrkji Ch fmojljlh, ci Krilcm Oàm, ounamr. yjl. Ispm`ths ijlci jl`hls`jmltms, vmnichs 9:. Oir. Ch fmojljlh, oitmrlikmo 54. Smrri m pnilmti Smrri. Ci Krilcm Oàm, `mrtmzi ci prhtmëàh liturin ci mxjstâl`ji. 59. Cji Ch ois`unjlh (iljous), h qum vjré. 55. Lhjtm Ch fmojljlh (iljoi), h qum pisshu. 50. Tmjxm2 sïoehnh ch `rjstjiljsoh Cm rmlis`jomlth 53. Puéstj`i2 sïoehnh prmsmltm mo Cm phcmr, mqujnïerjh chs hphsths. vérjis `unturis hrjmltijs, rmprmsmltilch h ois`unjlh m h fmojljlh mo mqujnïerjh mo ohvjomlth. 5=. Puéstj`i cm Ajtnmr (jlvmrtjci)2 Cm phcmr iuth`mltrich. sïoehnh ch ahnh`iusth Cm phcmr qum mxhrejti. 56. Irois, ehoeis2 sïoehnhs cm Cm cmstrujëàh. kumrri. Cm ahstjnjcicm m vjhnâl`ji. 5;. Sòlmn2 sïoehnh cm pissikmo, p issikmo, oujth Cm trilsjëàh cm uo lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji piri hutrh. usich piri mstjounir vjvâl`jis  pmrjlitijs m jlj`jétj`is. Cm mophcmriomlth cis fhrëis siucévmjs 51. Thltm2 sïoehnh cm njkiëäh, Cm trilsjëàh, cm `hlmxàh. untripissikmo. 5:. Ohrtm `hoh uo fmlóomlh2 Cm trilsjëàh, trilsfhroiëàh.

sïoehnh cm fm`aiomlth cm uoi mtipi. 04. @ivmjri, `ijxàh, mnmomlths Cm trilsfhroiëàh, ieilchlh, ohrejcmz (ipmkh m oðrejchs. Pïoehnhs cm cmtmrjhriëàh. iprjsjhliomlth). 09. @jlzis2 sïoehnh chs rmsïcuhs ci Cm trilsfhroiëàh, cm fmrtjnjziëàh.

 

iëàh ch fhkh. 05. Ir.

Cm fnujcmz, `hlstruëàh omltin.

Mspmriohs qum i cms`rjëàh cis bhrlicis phssi ms`nirm`mr omnahr h ush cmssms sïoehnhs m irquêtjphs. ]tjnjziohs h tmroh sïoehnh piri jlcj`ir uoi oijhr njkiëàh äs mspm`jfj`jcicms `unturijs, êtlj`is m h tmroh irquêtjph piri finir ci kmlmrinjziëàh qum msté ml`irlich hu oitmrjinjzich lh sïoehnh.  Li smqþâl`ji tmohs inkuls mxmopnhs cm bhrlicis bhrlicis cm filtisjis2 =.6.9. Sê`lj`i ci Fhkumjri (vjvml`jici lhs `urshs cm Nêh Oiths, iciptici pmnhs iuthrms)  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 kruph hu jlcjvjcuin HEBMSJVH2 fivhrm`mr i trils`mlcâl`ji cm smltjomlths lmkitjvhs `hoh rijvi, oékhis, omch hu ilkòstji. Oujth usici piri rijvi, trieinah `ho cmsjlcmltjfj`iëàh m fhrtinm`jomlth ci iuth-joikmo. C]UIËÀH2 jlstruëàh ‐  jlstruëàh ‐  9=  9= ojluths7 vjvâl`ji - iprhxjoiciomltm 9 ahri. JLPSU]ËÄH Cmjtm-sm, rmnixm, fjqum `hls`jmltm ci sui rmspjriëàh. Nmoerm-sm cm uoi pmsshi hu sjtuiëàh mo qum vh`â smltju oujti rijvi (hu rmssmltjomlth), uoi sjtuiëàh hlcm vh`â pmr`mem qum ijlci làh `hlsmkuju supmrir h smltjomlth lmkitjvh phr mssi pmsshi hu fith. Inkh qum ijlci rmpmr`utm mo vh`â quilch vh`â nmoeri. Làh jophrti h tmoph cmssm smltjomlth, phcm smr inkh rm`mltm hu oijs iltjkh. (piusi cm iprhxjoiciomltm 5 ojluths). Mltrm mo `hltith `ho sui rmspjriëàh m sjlti h ir mltrilch m sijlch. Nh`injzm mssm smltjomlth cm rijvi mo smu `hrph. (piusi cm iprhxjoilciomltm 9 ojluth). Fiëi i filtisji cm qum ä omcjci qum vh`â rmspjri, ih mxinir, vh`â shnti, njemri pmnhs smus  phrhs, phr suis `ênunis, pmni sui rmspjriëàh i rijvi `hoh sm fhssm fuoiëi. ]oi fuoiëi ms`uri sijlch cm vh`â, `hl`mltrilch-sm lh `mltrh ch smu pmjth, li rmkjàh ch 3 ². `aigri `aigri,, h `aigri `aigri   `ircïi`h, m qum ih mxinir vh`â njemri m prhbmti mssi fuoiëi piri frmltm. Joikjlm qum vh`â msté cms`inëh, `ho hs pês li tmrri, m qum cjiltm cm vh`â msté uoi krilcm fhkumjri. iHesmrvm-i. (9 ojluth). Vh`â rmspjrilch ikhri, ih mxpjrir, jltml`jhlinomltm fuoiëi ms`uri qum sij cm vh`â`hltjlui piri i fhkumjri, pirim qum h fhkh i ieshrvibhki mi ojsturm `ho sui prðprji fuoiëi, m i ml`iojlam cm vhnti piri h ]ljvmrsh. Vh`â phcm huvjr h mstinir ci oicmjri, smltjr h `amjrh... is nieirmcis... h `rmpjtir... Mltrmkum mssm smltjomlth cmsikricévmn ä fhkumjri, jltml`jhlinomltm, piri qum mni h cmstrui. (5ojluths). @hltjlum mxinilch, shntilch i fuoiëi ms`uri m prhbmtilch-i piri frmltm, li cjrmëàh ci fhkumjri, sherm i fhkumjri. (piusi ermvm). Oujth emo! Vh`â msté jlch oujth emo! I fhkumjri msté qumjoilch m trilsfhroilch tuch mo `jlzis. M i fhkumjri vij cjojlujlch, cjojlujlch... m vh`â rmspjrilch, mltrmkilch i fuoiëi qum sij cm vh`â piri mni... M h tmoph vij pissilch... I fhkumjri ikhri ê sð erisi lh `aàh. @hltjlum mxinilch m vé njemrilch hs òntjohs rmsïcuhs cm sui riïvi. (9 ojluth).

mltàh Hesmrvm hesmrvi `hoh ikhri vh`â is `jlzis `aàh sherm i tmrriisqum vh`â(piusi). msté pjsilch, i KrilcmVh`â Oàm Smrri. msté smlhsmltjlch ih hesmrvir `jlzis. Vh`â pmcm ä Krilcm Oàm Smrri qum trilsfhrom is `jlzis mo `hjsis ehis piri i Smrri, qum is trilsoutm, m qum sjrvio cm fmrtjnjziltm piri qum h shnh fnhrmsëi m frutjfjqum.

 

Pjlti qum h tmoph msté pissilch m qum vh`â msté tmstmoulailch jssh tuch i`hltm`mlch ikhri. Hesmrvm h qum msté i`hltm`mlch ä tmrri qum rm`memu is `jlzis, ä omcjci qum h tmoph  pissi. Omsms. Ilhs. (5 ojluths). Shom `hls`jâl`ji cm `hoh vh`â msté sm smltjlch ikhri, sm inkuoi `hjsi ouchu hu làh mo vh`â mo rmniëàh i `hoh vh`â mstivi lh jlï`jh ci mxpmrjâl`ji. (5 ojluths). @hoh vh`â sm smltm ikhri mo rmniëàh ä rijvi8 Fiëi i filtisji cm qum vh`â vhnti i mstm ohomlth iquj m ikhri, `hls`jmltm ch smu smltjomlth lmstm ohomlth. Ieri hs hnahs `ho `inoi, hnam mo vhnti. Mo sjnâl`jh, fiëi uo oilcini. Hes2 Pm làh fhr phssïvmn, phcm-sm cjspmlsir h oilcini. P]KMPSÝMP2 `hopirtjnair h oilcini lh `ish cm trieinah mo kruph, mo cupni hu kruphs omlhrms. Cmphjs ierjr piri `hopirtjnair `ho h krilcm kruph. =.6.5. Sê`lj`i Jsth ê Umin x Jsth ê Filtisji (vjvml`jici, itrivês cm Nêh Oiths, mo smus `urshs).  LÏVMN2 trilspmsshin/psj`hcjlåoj`h. trilspmsshin/psj`hcjlåoj`h. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 oijs mfj`iz mo kruph. HEBMSJVH2 prhpj`jir i pmr`mpëàh ci rminjcicm hrcjlérji m ci rminjcicm trilspmsshin, mlfh`ilch i rmnitjvjcicm, h fmlóomlh, i pmr`mpëàh ci omltm hesmrvichri `rjichri ci rminjcicm. Fnmxjejnjzir i cmfjljëàh ch qum ê rmin m ch qum ê shlah/filtisji. Iopnjir i `hls`jâl`ji piri rminjcicms qum mstàh inêo ci cuinjcicm `hlam`jci. Fnmxjejnjzir issjo is cmfmsis mkðj`is. C]UIËÀH2 jlstruëàh ‐  jlstruëàh ‐  rmnixiomlth2  rmnixiomlth2 = ojluths. Vjvâl`ji2 54 ojluths, mo `hltith `ho mspiëh iemrth li liturmzi. Uminjziëàh cm oilcini, `hopirtjnair `ho mxpnj`iëýms sherm h tmoi2 iprhxjoiciomltm 9ahri m 04 ojluths. OÊSHCH2 msti tê`lj`i `hlti `ho smjs mtipis7 sàh mnis rmnixiomlth, jlstruëàh, vjvâl`ji, oilcini (cjspmlsévmn, mo òntjoh `ish), `hopirtjnair i mxpmrjâl`ji mo kruph omlhr, `hopirtjnair i mxpmrjâl`ji `ho thchs. Lmsti òntjoi mtipi, hs fi`jnjtichrms jltmrfmrjràh h`isjhlinomltm piri mxpnj`jtir `hoh i Fmlhomlhnhkji m i Srilspmsshin phssumo smomnailëis2 ii „rminjcicm‟ iqujnh qumhiprmmlcmohs m qum mstéch joprmklici lhssh s `hl`mjths, mt`7„rminjcicm‟ êtrils`mlcm hebmth7 i `hls`jâlj`i hesmrvichrcmêlhsshs fulciomltin pirivinhrms, cmtmrojlé cmtmrojléni, phjs ê pirtm jltmkriltm ci omsoi. Mssis `hlsjcmriëýms phcmo smr oijs sjopnjfj`icis m icipticis ä rminjcicm ch kruph m ihs hebmtjvhs ch trieinah lh quin smràh jl`nuïcis, vjsilch i ipnj`iejnjcicm `htjcjili ci iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji piri is rminjcicms qum trils`mlcmo iqumni usuinomltm cmtmrojlici. 9 ª Mtipi - Umnixiomlth2 cmjtich, `ho rmspjriëàh `hls`jmltm (5 ojluths)7 hnahs fm`aichs. 5 ª  Mtipi  ‐   Jlstruëýms2 (ijlci cm hnahs fm`aichs, iprhxjoiciomltm 5 ojluths). Mstm mxmr`ï`jh lhs ibuciré i smltjr/rmfnmtjr sherm h qum ê shlah (jnusàh,filtisji) m h qum ê rmin, h qu qumm ê rminjcicm. H tmripmuti mltàh cmtmrojli2 - Yuilch mu cmr h sjlin `ho h sjlh, vh`â vij sm mrkumr m `iojlair cmvikir, smltjlch sui

rmspjriëàhfj`ir m hesmrvilch ä sui vhnti, äitmltiomltm, prh`urilch làh `rjir hmxpm`titjvis tmltilch lh prmsmltm,tuch lh iquj-m-ikhri, omcjci qum mstjvmr mxpmrjml`jilch mxmr`ï`jh. m Mlquilth vh`â `iojlai, mxpmrjomltm smltjr i pnilti chs pês th`ilch h `aàh, hs ohvjomlths ch smu `hrph.

 

@iojlam né fhri, li liturmzi, hesmrvilch hs mstïounhs ä sui vhnti2 iucjtjvhs, hnfitjvhs, vjsuijs, tétmjs m is smlsiëýms cm uo ohch kmrin (`inhr, nuojlhsjcicm). I `ici ohomlth, ih sm cmpirir `ho inkh qum nam `aiom i itmlëàh, iprhxjom-sm, `hl`mltrm-sm `hl`mltrmsm lmssm mstïounh m ifjrom piri sj omsoh2 „Jsth ê rmin‟. Hesmrvm Hesm rvm `hoh vh`â sm smltm, `hoh mssi ifjroiëàh nam fiz smltjr. Nhkh cmphjs piri h omsoh hebmth pmr`mptuin ifjrom2 „Jsth ê filtisji‟. (Ê jophrtiltm qum smbi lmsti hrcmo2 prjomjrh vh`â ifjroi qum ê rmin m cmphjs vh`â ifjroi qum ê filtisji). Hesmrvm qum smltjomlths msti ifjroiëàh nam prhphr`jhli. Fjqum uo tmoph (inkuls ojluths) `ho mstm  pmr`mpth, cmphjs oucm. Mxm`utm vérjis vmzms mstis ifjroiëýms, cjiltm cm vérjis sjtuiëýms2 „Jsth ê rmin‟, „Jsth ê filtisji‟.   filtisji‟. Ih shir h sjlh pmni smkulci vmz, rmthrlm mo sjnâl`jh m fiëi uo oilcini. Thcmo ierjr hs hnahs m `homëir. (Sh`i-sm h sjlh piri jlj`jir. Ikuircio-sm uls 54 ojluths piri cir h smkulch thqum, jlcj`ilch h têrojlh ci vjvâl`ji). Pmkumo-sm is hutris mtipis. Iprhxjoiciomltm 04 i 34 ojluths sàh cichs piri qum thch h kruph `hl`nui hs oilcinis, m uls 04 ojluths piri `hopirtjnair. `h opirtjnair. =.6.0. Sê`lj`i ch Sòlmn.  LÏVMN2 pmrjlitin. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu kruph. HEBMSJVH2 fivhrm`mr i momrkâl`ji cm  kmstints  kmstints   iemrtis mo lïvmn jltri-utmrjlh,  phssjejnjtilch smu fm`aiomlth lmsti lmsti tê`lj`i hu mo trieinah cm iprhfulciomlth psj`htmripâutj`h psj`htmripâutj`h  phstmrjhr. C]UIËÀH2 jlstruëàh, iprhxjoilciomltm iprhxjoilciomltm 9= ojluths. Oilcini2 cm 04 i 34 ojluths. JLPSU]ËÀH Pmltich... rmspjrilch... rmnixich. Fiëi i filtisji qum vh`â msté luo nh`in ms`urh, thtinomltm ms`urh (9 ojluth). Hesmrvm `hoh vh`â sm smltm iï. Yuijs is smlsiëýms lh smu `hrph ä omcjci qum h tmoph  pissi m vh`â `hltjlui lmssm nh`in thtinomltm ms`urh8 (piusi ermvm7 sm phssïvmn, jltrhcuzi iquj, suivmomltm,`ircïi`hs emo eijxjlah, i kriviëàh rjtoh `ircïi`h, iqumnms qum sukmo hs  eitjomlths cm uo emeâ). @hoh cm @hoh vh`âshls msté`ho mxpmrjml`jilch mssm nh`in8 (piusi). H tmoph msté pissilch... pissilch... ihs phu`hs, `homëi i surkjr luo phlth, uoi tâlum `nirjcicm. @hoh vh`â sm smltm8 Mssi `nirjcicm msté iuomltilch... m vh`â pmr`mem qum mxjstm cjiltm cm vh`â uo nhlkh tòlmn ipmrtich, iphltilch li cjrmëàh ci nuojlhsjcicm. @hoh vh`â sm smltm quilch vh`â  pmr`mem mssm nhlkh tòlmn ipmrtich mltrm vh`â m i `nirjcicm8 `nirjcicm8 (piusi). H qum vh`â qumr fizmr ikhri quilch vh`â pmr`mem i `nirjcicm lh fjo ch tòlmn8 Shom `hls`jâl`ji ch qum vh`â msté smltjlch lh smu `hrph mlquilth vh`â `hltiti h qum qumr fizmr ikhri. (piusi). Pm mltàh vh`â cm`jcm sijr ciï mo eus`i ci `nirjcicm, thom `hls`jâl`ji cm qum ê lm`mssérjh pissir phr mssm nhlkh tòlmn ipmrtich. @hoh vh`â sm smltm `ho jssh8

Pm vh`â cm`jcmmssm qumtòlmn ê jsshitê qum vh`â qumr,]sm fiëii isui filtisji cm `hoh vh`â fiz jssh ikhri, `hoh vh`â itrivmssi i `nirjcicm. joikjliëàh. Vmbi ikhri sm vh`â sij cm hu làh cmssm nukir ms`urh. (piusi nhlki. I oòsj`i `ho h rjtoh `ircïi`h vij cmsipirm`mlch,

 

suojlch, m vij surkjlch uoi oòsj`i ih nhlkm `ho shls qum sukmrmo iemrturi, inkh sm ierjlch. Jlcj`iohs shls cm airpi). H qum i`hltm`m ikhri8 (piusi). Vmbi hlcm vh`â sm ml`hltri ikhri... hesmrvm, sjlti mssm lhvh nukir. @hoh vh`â sm smltm8 Cmsfrutm cmssm ohomlth ikhri. (piusi nhlki). Fiëi i filtisji cm qum vh`â msté lhviomltm iquj lmsti sini, lmstm `aàh, smltjlch smu `hrph iquj m ikhri. Umspjrm prhfulciomltm, m, nmviltilch mo sjnâl`jh, lh smu rïtoh, fiëi uo oilcini, `hls`jmltm chs smus smltjomlths lmstm ohomlth. Hes2 Mo `ish cm oin-mstir, lh fjlin, hu smlsiëàh cm làh `hopnmtir, hu ijlci cm tmr fj`ich prmsh lh ms`urh, h tmripmuti, ipðs `hl`nujr h mxmr`ï`jh, phcmré fizmr i rmvjvâl`ji ci  bhrlici `ho h Phlah @itértj`h I`hrcich, i smr trieinaich jlcjvjcuinomltm. Yuilch `amkir lh ohomlth fjlin, prhssmkujr i filtisji, sukmrjlch uoi mspê`jm cm psj`hcrioi `ho hs hnahs fm`aichs, hlcm i pmsshi smré mstjounci i `hopnmtir i vjvâl`ji. Omrkunailch lh omch, lhs  enhqumjhs m lhs sjlthois, smu jl`hls`jmltm phcmré nmvé-nh i hutris sjtuiëýms smo-siïci qum tioeêo h rmomtio i `hltmòchs pmrjlitijs. Msti tê`lj`i sð cmvmré smr fmjti phr prhfjssjhlijs psj`htmripmutis qum trieinaio `ho mstms `hltmòchs m i tmlaio pissich phr tmripji mxpmrjml`jin cm lïvmjs pmrjlitijs. =.6.3. Vjvâl`ji ci Pmomltm lh Pmjh ci Smrri.  LÏVMN2 pmrjlitin. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin m krupin. HEBMSJVH2 fm`aiomlth cm kmstints cm  kmstints ch  ch lïvmn pmrjlitin. Fivhrm`mr smltjomlth cm trilsfhroiëàh, `rms`jomlth m pmr`mpëàh ci trilsjthrjmcicm. C]UIËÀH2 Oijs hu omlhs 9= ojluths, ä pirtm h oilcini. JLPSU]ËÀH Tiri h rmnixiomlth, cmjtm-sm `hlfhrtivmnomltm sherm h `hn`aàh m mltrm mo `hltith `ho smu `hrph, ikhri. Pjlti h pmsh ch smu `hrph sherm h `hn`aàh, sjlti h mspiëh qum smu `hrph h`upi, sjlti i tmopmrituri ch smu `hrph... hesmrvm sui rmspjriëàh, sjlti h fnuxh ch ir mltrilch m sijlch  phr suisIkhri lirjlis... vh`â vij fizmr uoi bhrlici cm filtisji. Vh`â cm`jcm sm vh`â qumr hu làh, vh`â ê njvrm piri ms`hnamr. Pm vh`â ms`hnamr mxpmrjomltir, oiltmlai sui itmlëàh li jlstruëàh2 Joikjlm uoi smomltm ojlòs`uni. Pjlti qum vh`â ê msti smomltm. (piusi). Ikhri, smlch mssi smomltm, vh`â msté lh smjh ci tmrri, i`hnajch, prhtmkjch, m lutrjch pmni Oàm Smrri, lmssm mspiëh ms`urh. (piusi). Pjlti h `inhr ohrlh qum nam mlvhnvm ij lh smjh ci Smrri... Vmbi `hoh vh`â sm smltm lmssm mspiëh i`hnamchr. (piusi nhlki). H tmoph vij pissilch m i smomltm `homëi i `rms`mr, `rjilch fhrois. Vh`â vij mopurrilch h mspiëh iï cmltrh m vh`â `hltjlui `rms`mlch, `rms`mlch... @hoh vh`â sm smltm8 (piusi). Mstm nukir msté eistiltm ipmrtich, eistiltm pmqumlh piri vh`â ikhri. Cm inkuoi fhroi vh`â siem qum msté sm iprhxjoilch h ohomlth cm sijr ciï... Such msté smlch prmpirich. @hoh

vh`â msté sm smltjlch8 h tmoph vij pissilch... Vh`â `homëi iM sm ohvjomltir piri sui siïci, lmstm nukir ipmrtich, ois ijlci msté ms`urh. (piusi). Mltàh, `homëi i sm ierjr uoi fmlci phr hlcm mltri i nuz. Vh`â, mltàh, sm ohvjomlti oijs jltmlsiomltm mo cjrmëàh i mni... mo cjrmëàh ä nuz. (piusi).

 

 

@hoh vh`â sm smltm sijlch cmssm nukir ms`urh lh smjh ci tmrri8 Joikjlm qum fjlinomltm vh`â sij. @hoh vh`â sm smltm ikhri lmssm mspiëh `nirh, iopnh, hlcm vh`â phcm `rms`mr njvrmomltm8 (piusi nhlki). Hesmrvm h qum msté i`hltm`mlch `ho vh`â lmstm ohomlth (piusi). Ikhri, vh`â fiz i filtisji cm qum vh`â vhnti i msti sini, sjlti lhviomltm mstm smu `hrph iquj m ikhri, sjlti sui rmspjriëàh m h pmsh ch smu `hrph m mstm mspiëh qum qu m nâ h`upi ikhri sherm h `hn`aàh. (piusi). M, lh smu tmoph, lh smu rjtoh, vh`â vij nmviltir mo sjnâl`jh m fizmr uo oilcini. (uoi hutri hpëàh ê `hopirtjnair mo cupnis m cmphjs lh krilcm kruph hu `ho h tmripmuti, jlcjvjcuinomltm). =.6.=. Vjvâl`ji ci Trhkrioiëàh ci Trðprji Ohrtm (vjvml`jici, itrivês cm Nêh Oiths, lhs smus `urshs).

 LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h / trilspmsshin. trilspmsshin. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin. HEBMSJVH2 fivhrm`mr cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh m cmsipmkhs, `rms`jomlth psj`h-mspjrjtuin, `hls`jâl`ji cm rmsphlsiejnjcicm pmni prðprji vjci m pmnh phcmr cm trilsfhroé-ni. C]UIËÀH2 iprhxjoiciomltm 04 ojluths, jl`nujlch i vjvâl`ji iltmrjhr. JLPSU]ËÝMP Iltms ch jlï`jh ci vjvâl`ji prhprjiomltm cjti, fizmr uo ermvm rmnixiomlth m i `hls`jmltjziëàh ch `hrph lh iquj-ikhri smkujchs cm inkuois rmfnmxýms sherm i ohrtm li vjci, rmssintilch qum thchs viohs `mrtiomltm ohrrmr uo cji, m cm `hoh i ohrtm msté prmsmltm lhs prh`msshs fjsjhnðkj`hs. Tmcjr piri i pmsshi nmoerir qum jssh qum firmohs ê uoi bhrlici lh rmjlh ci joikjliëàh, m qum mni sm pmrojti joikjlir h qum sm pmcm. Fiëi i filtisji cm qum cm inkuoi fhroi vh`â siem ikhri qum vij ohrrmr, qum sð nam rmsti inkuo tmoph cm vjci. Vh`â rm`mem i lhtï`ji cm qum vh`â sð tmo inkuls ilhs cm vjci. Vh`â cmtmrojli2 trâs, `jl`h... @hoh vh`â sm smltm8 Tissich h susth, vh`â fiz uoi rmivinjiëàh cm `hoh vh`â msté vjvmlch, chs shlahs qum cmjxhu  piri cm itjvjcicms vh`â rminjzilch qum vh`â khstihuhuqumr làh... Cjiltm ci pmrspm`tjvi cm suitrés, ohrtm, qum `hjsisqum vh`â qumrmsté oucir, qumr cmjxir cm nich, jr eus`ir8 (piusi) Joikjlm qum h tmoph vij pissilch. Vmbi h qum vh`â qumr fizmr lmstm tmoph qum nam rmsti. H qum vh`â qumr rminjzir8 Vh`â, mltàh, cm`jcm sm vh`â qumr hu làh moprmmlcmr mssis itjvjcicms2 uoi vjikmo, i `hl`rmtjziëàh cm uo shlah, i oucilëi cm moprmkh, i thoici cm itjtucms lhs rmni`jhliomlths... Vmbi `hoh vh`â utjnjzi mssm tmoph qum ijlci nam rmsti (piusi). @hoh vh`â sm smltm ä omcjci qum h tmoph pissi8 (piusi nhlki). Ikhri sð nam rmstio inkuls omsms. Pjlti h qum ijlci ê jophrtiltm piri vh`â rminjzir iltms cm ohrrmr. H qum vh`â qumr fizmr lmstm tmoph. Hesmrvm smus rmni`jhliomlths. Pm mxjstm inkh, i cjzmr i inkuêo, qum vh`â ijlci làh cjssm m qum ê jophrtiltm cjzmr iltms ci sui ohrtm. Cmspmëi-sm cis pmsshis. Joikjlm-sm fizmlch jssh ikhri. (piusi).

Hesmrvm sm ijlci aé inkh oijs qum vh`â qumjri oucir/moprmmlcmr/rmfizmr iltms cm vh`â cmjxir mstm oulch. Ikhri sð nam rmsti uoi smoili. @hoh vh`â sm smltm8

 

  Mlfjo, cm inkuoi fhroi vh`â siem qum ahbm ê h cji ci sui ohrtm. Nmoerm-sm qum jssh ê uoi filtisji. Joikjlm `hoh vh`â ohrrm2 li sui `isi, luo ahspjtin, luoi priji, lh `ioph... Ê cji hu ê lhjtm ikhri8 @hoh vh`â msté sm smltjlch phr vh`â omsoh, pmni sui vjci, phr tuch qum vh`â fmz lmstm tmoph qum vh`â shuem qum ji ohrrmr8 (piusi nhlki). Fjlinomltm, ikhri, vh`â cé h smu òntjoh suspjrh m vh`â ohrrm. Vh`â, mltàh, `homëi i sijr cmssm `hrph m i hnair thci mssi `mli cm hutrh ålkunh ikhri2 ch nich, hu ch inth, lh smu `hrph mspjrjtuin. (piusi). @hoh vh`â msté sm smltjlch ikhri8 Ikhri vh`â sm pmrojtm cir isis ä joikjliëàh m fnutuir m suejr `ici vmz oijs inth (itrivmssilch h tmth cmstm nukir hlcm vh`â msté, sm fhr h `ish). M ikhri vvh`â h`â msté oijs inth, ih ir njvrm, hnailch i pijsikmo né moeijxh. @hoh vh`â sm smltm8 (iquj, mo kruph, i pmsshi `hltjlui mo sjnâl`jh, ois, jlcjvjcuinomltm, h tmripmuti pmcm qum finm, qum jltmribi `ho mnm). M h tmoph vij pissilch. Vh`â itrivmssi i `ioici ci itohsfmri tmrrmstrm... (iquj, h tmripmuti cé smkomlth ä tê`lj`i cm ohrtm-rmlis`jomlth ch mkh, nmvilch-h piri h @hsohs m fivhrm`mlch i jltmkriëàh `ho h Pmnf , sukmrjlch qum i pmsshi/kruph joikjlm uo istrh nuojlhsh (mstrmni, shn) m sm nil`m lh smu lò`nmh, ojsturilch-sm i mnm, trilsfhroilch-sm mo nuz. Cmphjs cm cmsfrutir uo phu`h, pmcm-sm qum, `hoh uo rijh cm nuz, mni/mnm vhntm ih pnilmti Smrri m mltrm lh smu prðprjh `hrph pmnh thph ci `iemëi (`aigri ( `aigri `hrhlérjh)  `hrhlérjh) m vé prmml`amlch mstm `hrph ikhri). Phnj`jti-sm, mo smkujci, qum i pmsshi hu kruph thom `hls`jâl`ji cm `hoh msté sm smltjlch iquj-m-ikhri lh smu `hrph. Cmvm-sm phltuir hs smltjomlths qum cmvmo smr hesmrvichs. Pmltjomlths, làh pmlsiomlths. Fjlinjzi-sm, pmcjlch piri thchs sm nmviltmo m fiëio uo oilcini. @hopirtjnair vmreinomltm mo cupnis/ krilcm kruph. =.6.6. I JOTMUOILÂL@JI M JLSMUCMTMLCÂL@JI  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 mo kruph hu jlcjvjcuin. HEBMSJVH2 fivhrm`mr i pmr`mpëàh ci trilsjthrjmcicm cm thcis is `hjsis, m `hlsmqþmltmomltm i oucilëi cm piricjkoi m h cmsipmkh. JLPSU]ËÝMP piusiciomltm curiltm i jlcuëàh2 smltm-sm `hoiquj i `hnuli hnahs fm`aichs. Itmltm Finir piri sui rmspjriëàh. @hls`jmltjzm-sm cm qum vh`â msté m ikhrimrmti, lh smu `hrph. (piusi  ermvm). Um`hlamëi qum thcis is `hjsis mxjstmltms lh uljvmrsh smkumo uo ohvjomlth  pmroilmltm m äs vmzms jopmr`mptïvmn, `hoh phr mxmopnh, i sui rmspjriëàh qum rm`mem h ir qum mltri (piusi) trilsfhroi m mxpjri cmjxilch h ir sijr. Mssm ohvjomlth cm trilsfhroiëàh  pmroilmltm tioeêo h`hrrm sjlinjzilch i jopmroilâl`ji... Aé jopmroilâl`ji mo rmniëàh ih mspiëh, ihs nukirms... H nh`in mo qum vh`â msté ikhri làh mxjstji aé sê`unhs itrés...m làh smré oijs h omsoh lh ojluth smkujltm... lmo ciquj aé ilhs, hu sê`unhs ... hu ojnâljhs... (piusi cm 5ojl). Tnilmtis m kinéxjis tioeêo cmsipirm`mo...itê is mstrmnis ohrrmo... m hutris lis`mo... Aé jopmroilâl`ji lh tmoph... H ojluth pissich bé pisshu m h futurh ijlci vjré i

mxjstjr... H ojluth prmsmltm h qumcmmxjstm ê h smkulch qum qum vjré... Issjo, is `hjsis sð tioeêo mxjstmolàh luomxjstm2 `hltmxth jltmrcmpmlcâl`ji mo pisshu rmniëàhhui huoi cjomlsàh cm tmoph m mspiëh, cm rmnitjvjcicm... (piusi cm 5 ojl.)

 

  Ikhri vh`â fj`i mo sjnâl`jh, cmsfrutilch smus smltjomlths mo rmniëàh ä jopmroilâl`ji. (inkuls smkulchs). Ipðs mssm tmoph, mrki-sm m `iojlam né fhri, cilch `hltjlujcicm i msti omcjtiëàh sherm i jopmroilâl`ji. Hesmrvm i jopmroilâl`ji li liturmzi m mo vh`â. I pmsshi ê jlstruïci i fizmr mstm mxmr`ï`jh né fhri, ih ir njvrm, phr uls 9= ojluths, mo sjnâl`jh, smo jltmrfmrjr li vjvâl`ji chs `hnmkis7 ipðs, cmvmré rmthrlir ih kruph m rmfnmtjr smltich mo sjnâl`jh2 qum emlmfï`jhs mssi ilénjsm phcm trizmr piri sui prétj`i, sui vjci `htjcjili8 Yum rmpmr`ussàh tmo mssm iprmlcjzich. (piusi cm = ojluths). Ikhri, vh`â fiz uo oilcini cm sui mxpmrjâl`ji (hp`jhlin). Cjs`ussàh mo kruph ipðs h oilcini, hu omsoh smo mnm. =.6.;. I omlsikmo ch ojth  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin. HEBMSJVH2 fivhrm`mr h i`mssh i `hltmòchs jl`hls`jmltms itrivês chs prh`msshs cm jcmltjfj`iëýms `ho fjkuris ojthnðkj`is vjsilch i iopnjiëàh ch iuth`hlam`jomlth. JLPSU]ËÝMP Cmjtm-sm trilqþjniomltm, thoilch `hls`jâl`ji ch smu `hrph... smltjlch sui rmspjriëàh,  prh`urilch ml`hltrir uoi phsjëàh `hlfhrtévmn, rmnixilch rmnixilch `ici vmz qum vh`â shnti h ir... Yuilch h smu `hrph mstjvmr prhtmkjciomltm... rmnixich, prh`urm iqujmtir i sui omltm, mlquilth hesmrvi h fnuxh ch ir mltrilch m sijlch phr suis lirjlis. (piusi). Ikhri vh`â phcm fizmr uoi vjikmo cm rmthrlh lh tmoph, vhntilch... aé oujths sê`unhs li mri `rjstà... (piusi). Fiëi mltàh i filtisji qum vh`â msté li Krê`ji Iltjki, ih rmchr ch ohltm Hnjoph, vjsnuoerilch mstm ohltm qum ê i ohrici chs cmusms... (piusi nhlki, piri i joikjliëàh).  Lmstm ohomlth vh`â msté ml`hltrilch smrms ojthnðkj`hs. Fjqum itmlth m `inoiomltm... trilqþjniomltm... vmbi quin cmnms itrij oijs sui itmlëàh (piusi). Vh`â THCM... tmr sm smltjch itriïch phr uo, phr chjs hu oijs ojths. Ois ikhri vh`â THCM ms`hnamr iqumnm qum oijs msté nam itrijlch. Mltrilch mo `hltith ojth, PMLSJU i omlsikmosuivmomltm, qum mnm msté trizmlch...trilqþjniomltm... piri `ho vh`â,mstm piri i prh`urilch sui vjci ikhri. Umspjrilch...  prh`urilch mxpilcjr ijlci oijs i sui `ipi`jcicm joikjlitjvi. Vh`â THCM... THCM. .. jr smltjlch quijs hs ispm`ths cmstm ojth qum ohtjvi smu prh`mssh cm vjci. Pm mnm msté iï ikhri... làh ê phr i`ish. Mnm msté trizmlch uoi rmfmrâl`ji... jnuojlilch inkuo ispm`th ci sui vjci qum phcm PMU iohrhsiomltm... trilsfhroich... m smkuriomltm cmsmlvhnvjch. @hltjluilch sui bhrlici joikjlitjvi, rmspjrilch... Vh`â phcm jr smltjlch h qum mxjstm cm oijs fivhrévmn lmstm ojth qum phssi nam smrvjr cm ohcmnh... ohcmnilch sui itjtucm cjiltm ci  prðprji mxjstâl`ji. (piusi nhlki).  Ikhri qum qum vh`â mltrhu mltrhu mo `hltith `hltith `ho mstm mstm ojth, prh`urilc prh`urilch h iprmlcmr iprmlcmr `hoh mnm mlrjqum`m sui vjci. Pui omltm séeji m prhfulci `hltjluiré prh`mssilch

msti mxpmrjâl`ji... cjkmrjlch iohrhsiomltm tuch qum phssi ibucir lh smu `rms`jomlth m trilsfhroich tuch qum làh tmlai utjnjcicm lmstm ohomlth.

 

Mlquilth vh`â, trilqþjniomltm...rmthrli, oiltmlch sui itmlëàh prmsmltm lhs smltjomlths m mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji. Ierjlch hs hnahs, nu`jciomltm... `amjh cm mlmrkji, vh`â sm nmvilti mo sjnâl`jh m phcm fizmr h cmsmlah ch oilcini.

Ohomlth fjlin `ho h kruph `hopirtjnailch i mxpmrjâl`ji (rm`hlam`mlch ojths) m mstiemnm`mlch uoi rmniëàh mltrm h ojth m h iprmlcjzich lh smu ohomlth cm vjci ituin. =.6.1. H tmopnh jltmrjhr  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h m trilspmsshin. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu mo kruph. HEBMSJVH2 trils`mlcâl`ji cm iuth-joikmo7 fivhrm`mr i `hlmxàh `ho h Pmnf . JLPSU]ËÀH Cmjtilch `hlfhrtivmnomltm, `hnhqum h smu `hrph mo uoi phsjëàh ikricévmn, prh`urilch rmnixir. Umspjrilch liturinomltm... msvizjilch hs punoýms. Umnixilch suivmomltm `ici pirtm cm smu `hrph (piusi). Umspjrilch... fj`ilch itmlth is smlsiëýms qum vh`â msté mxpmrjomltilch lmstm ohomlth... vh`â phcm jr smltjlch is omlsikmls qum h smu `hrph msté cilch ikhri (piusi). Vh`â phcm jr mltrilch mo `hltith... iohrhsiomltm...m `ujcichsiomltm... `ho hs smus ilsmjhs, suis lm`mssjcicms, smus prhbmths, smus cmsmbhs m suis mxpm`titjvis... (nhlki piusi). Ikhri, vh`â tioeêo phcm jr mltrilch mo `hltith `ho is suis `hlqujstis, `ho hs fri`isshs, `ho pmrcis, `ho hs smus phtml`jijs m is suis njojtiëýms (nhlki piusi). Umspjrilch `hlfhrtivmnomltm... msvizjilch hs punoýms. Vh`â phcm smltjr `hoh mxpmrjomlti mstis `jr`ulstål`jis li sui vjci7 qum mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji vh`â msté vjvml`jilch ikhri... (jltrhcuzjr oòsj`i jlstruomltin suivm `ho nmvms thqums cm sjlh). Ikhri, ms`utilch mstms shls m `hlcuzjch phr msti lhvi vjeriëàh... vh`â phcm jr joikjlilch qum msté cjiltm cm uo tmopnh sikrich. Umspjrilch... cmsfrutilch chs shls m cis joikmls. Mstm ê h smu tmopnh jltmrjhr (piusi). Lh smu tmopnh, lmssi cjomlsàh oijs prhfulci cm sj omsoh, vh`â mltri mo `hltith `ho h smu M] P]TMUJHU (piusi). Vh`â phcm jr Cmsfrutilch cmstm mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji, rmspjrilch... rmspjrilch... `inoiomltm...prhtmkjciomltm... (rmcuzjr kricitjviomltm h sho ci oòsj`i i `ici sukmstàh). Ikhri vh`â phcm jr smltjlch i omlsikmo qum vmo cmssm mspiëh jltmrlh... ch smu tmopnh jltmrjhr... piri vh`â. Vmbi i jophrtål`ji cmsti omlsikmo piri mssm ohomlth ci sui vjci (pmqumli piusi). Vmbi `hoh vh`â sm smltm `ho msti `houlj`iëàh (piusi nhlki). Puivmomltm... prhtmkjciomltm... vh`â `hltjlui shntilch, njemrilch, sui rmspjriëàh, mlquilth vh`â vij pmr`memlch uoi nuz oujth suivm mltrilch nmltiomltm lmstm tmopnh... i nuz mltri pmni phrti... pmnis bilmnis, m, ihs phu`hs, vij jlulcilch thch h ioejmltm cm nuz, `amkilch itê vh`â... suivmomltm, itrijlch vh`â `ici vmz oijs. Itê qum vh`â sm fulcm thtinomltm lmsti nuz (piusi nhlki). Tmr`memlch mstm lhvh mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji qum msté vjvmlch... cmsfrutilch... Ikhri thom `hls`jâl`ji, iprmlcmlch kricitjviomltm i rm`hlam`â-nh. Cmjxilch msti nuz

mxpilcjr `iciiohrhsiomltm... vmz oijs itê `amkir iquj lmstmsmunh`in. Msti nuzprmml`amlch vij mltrilchsuivmomltm mo smu `hrph,  prmml`amlch sui `iemëi... pms`hëh... smus  eriëhs... smu pmjth... h smu vmltrm... `hrrmlch njvrmomltm piri suis pmrlis m pês, itê qum thch h

 

smu `hrph mstmbi pnmlh cm nuz. M `ho msti nuz vh`â phcm jr rmthrlilch ih iquj m ikhri, `hls`jmltm cm smu `hrph, ierjlch hs hnahs `ho i mlmrkji prmsmltm. ]oi virjiëàh cmsti tê`lj`i phcm `hophrtir ijlci2 oiltmlch mstm mstich, iuthrjzm smu jl`hls`jmltm i `hltjluir mstm trieinah cm `hlmxàh `ho h smu mspiëh jltmrlh sikrich. Vh`â, smltjlch-sm smkurh/smkuri, cm uoi fhroi prhtmkjci, itrijlch, i pirtjr cm ikhri, mssi `hlmxàh `ho h smu tmopnh jltmrlh m cmsfrutilch cmssi sjlthlji, prhohvmlch, prhtmkjciomltm m `hltjluiomltm, mssm `hltith `ici vmz oijs `hls`jmltm `ho h smu Mu Pupmrjhr, oiltmlch-sm li nuz m rm`hlam`mlch mssi `hlmxàh lh smu `htjcjilh m lis cjfmrmltms cjomlsýms cm sui vjci. =.6.:. Cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh chs `hrphs hu `mltriomlth lh mu supmrjhr  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h m trilspmsshin. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin HEBMSJVH2 fivhrm`mr hs prh`msshs cm cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh m cmsipmkh ci iuth-joikmo hebmtjvilch i iopnjiëàh m i mnmviëàh ch mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji. I`mssir i tmstmoulai trilspmsshin (Mu Pupmrjhr). Pmkulch [jnemr (9::9), i cms`hemrti cmssm `mltrh tmstmoulain issmomnai-sm ih omrkunah mo ikjticis hlcis cm uo h`milh thromlthsh, piri kricitjviomltm itjlkjr-sm is prhfulcmzis `inois m smkuris ci sui inoi, cjstil`jilch-h ch tuounth qum smoprm h oiltmvm pirinjzich. JLPSU]ËÀH Cmjtilch-sm `inoiomltm... m mltrilch mo `hltith `ho h `hrph, vh`â vij prh`urilch `hltrijr h smu `hrph prhkrmssjviomltm chs pês itê i `iemëi. @hltrijlch, `hltrijlch uo phu`h oijs hs pês m, ikhri, shnti! Phntilch, suivmomltm, thcis is tmlsýms. Ikhri, `hltrijlch is pmrlis m is `hxis, `hltrijlch, `hltrijlch... m shnti! Phntilch, prhtmkjciomltm. @hltrijlch hs knòtmhs, `hltrijlch... `hltrijlch m shnti! shntilch... njemrilch, cmjxilch i mlmrkji `jr`unir lmsti érmi. @hltrijlch h vmltrm, `hltrijlch... m shnti!... shntilch... cmjxilch h vmltrm njvrm, m njvrmomltm, vh`â phcm jr `hltrijlch h pmjth m is `hstis, `hltrijlch... m shnti! shntilch...shntilch, cmjxilch h ir `jr`unir njvrmomltm... suivmomltm. @hltrijlch is oàhs m hs eriëhs, `hltrijlch... `hltrijlch m shnti! shntilch...cmjxilch is suis oàhs shntis, njvrms... Vh`â phcm jr `hltrijlch i lu`i m hs hoerhs, `hltrijlch... m ikhri, shnti! shntilch... shntilch tuch2 i ch prmssàh, hprmssàh,`hltrijlch... shntilch... shntilch...`inoiomltm, vh`â vij `hltrijlch hs oòs`unhs rhsth thci (eh`i,i  pénpmeris, tmsti), `hurh `iemnuch, prmssjhlilch i nïlkui lh `êu ci eh`i, `hltrijlch, `hltrijlch... m shnti! shntilch thci `iemëi, prhtmkjciomltm shntilch... vh`â phcm jr mltrilch `ici vmz oijs mo `hltith `ho `ici pirtm ch `hrph... vjvml`jilch phr cmltrh m phr fhri thci i njemrcicm ci mlmrkji fnujlch njvrmomltm itrivês ci sui pmnm. Pmltjlch suivmomltm...h `hltith ci rhupi li pmnm, is smlsiëýms cm `inhr hu frjh, cmsfrutilch... cmsfrutilch hs shls, hs h s shls jltmrlhs, hs shls prðxjohs m hs cjstiltms. Trh`urilch tioeêo smltjr h khsth, h siehr qum `jr`uni li sui  eh`i, iprmlcmlch i mxpmrml`jir thchs hs smltjchs... iprmlcmlch qum vh vh`â `â phcm `hltjluir ijlci oijs rmnixich, omsoh cm hnahs iemrths, rmnixich. Umnixilch... rmnixilch prhfulciomltm,  prhtmkjciomltm... vh`â phcm jr ierjlch nmvmomltm hs hnahs, mlquilth smu `hrph rmnixi ijlci oijs m vh`â phcm jr cmsfrutilch is joikmls qum mxjstmo lmstm ioejmltm... @inoiomltm vh`â

vhnti iois fm`air @ho`hrph. msti `hls`jâl`ji, vh`â kricitjviomltm pmr`mem2 `hrph, làh hs shuhnahs. sð h omu Thssh vmr m smltjr h omu `hrph, ois iqujnh mu qumtmlah phcm uo smr vjsth m smltjch làh ê h vmrcicmjrh hesmrvichr. Omu `hrph phcm mstir `ilsich hu mx`jtich,

 

chmltm hu sàh, pmsich hu nmvm, ois jssh lici tmo i vmr `ho omu mu jltmrjhr. Mu tmlah uo `hrph, ois làh shu ipmlis h omu `hrph. Vh`â phcm ikhri `homëir i mltrir mo `hltith `ho is mohëýms qum vh`â msté mxpmrml`jilch lmstm ohomlth. Iprmlcmlch i rm`hlam`â-nis, lhomé-nis, `inoiomltm... i`mjtilch-is phsjtjviomltm... Mnis vâo m vàh `hoh is ékuis cm uo rjh. Vh`â phcm jr hesmrvilch hs smus smltjomlths lmstm ohomlth. Iprmlcmlch i rm`hlam`â-nhs, lhomé-nhs, `inoiomltm... i`mjtilch-hs phsjtjviomltm... Mnms vâo m vàh `hoh is ékuis cm uo rjh. Vh`â  phcm jr mltrilch tioeêo mo `hltith `ho hs pmlsiomlths qum `jr`unio mo sui omltm ikhri. Iprmlcmlch i rm`hlam`â-nhs, lhomé-nhs, `inoiomltm... i`mjtilch-hs phsjtjviomltm... Mnms vâo m vàh `hoh is ékius cm uo rjh. M `ho msti `hls`jâl`ji, vh`â kricitjviomltm pmr`mem2 mu tmlah smlsiëýms, mohëýms smltjomlths m pmlsiomlths7 phssh `hlam`â-nhs... M h qum phcm smr `hlam`jch làh ê h vmrcicmjrh @HLAM@MCHU. Pmlsiëýms, mohëýms, smltjomlths m  pmlsiomlths vâo m vàh, vàh , fnutuilch itrivês ci ojlai `hls`jâl`ji `hoh is ékuis cm uo rjh, smo ifmtir omu M] JLSMUJHU, phjs, M] PH] oijs ch qum uo `hrph fïsj`h m suis smlsiëýms, suis mohëýms, smus smltjomlths m pmlsiomlths. M ikhri mo sui omltm vh`â phcm mstir pmlsilch2 Mltàh h qum M] PH]8 M sui omltm jl`hls`jmltm séeji m prhfulci phcm rmsphlcmr2 M] PH] IY]JNH Y]M TMUOILM@M... ]O T]UH @MLSUH CM @HLP@JÂL@JI... ]OI SMPSMO]LAI IOHUHPIOMLSM PMUMLI... PMUMLIOMLSM IOHUHPI... cm thcis is smlsiëýms, mohëýms, smltjomlths m  pmlsiomlths. Shchs pissio `hoh is ékuis cm uo rjh. Pmoprm qum vh`â cmsmbir i`mssir h M] P]TMUJHU, vh`â phcm rmpmtjr mstm mxmr`ï`jh. M sui omltm jl`hls`jmltm m séeji jré iprmlcmlch `ici vmz oijs...m h cjs`mrljomlth lmnm `hltjch sm ivjviré m vh`â phcm... hesmrvir oucilëis fulciomltijs mo smu smltjch ch M]. Vh`â phcm `homëir i jltujr uoi prhfulci smlsiëàh jltmrjhr cm njemrcicm, nmvmzi m mstiejnjcicm. M, mlquilth vh`â rmspjri, smu M] P]TMUJHU, smrmliomltm... phcm ibucé-nh i sm oiltmr trilqþjnh m nò`jch omsoh lis hlcis oijs ikjticis m tuountuicis ci vjci. Iohrhsiomltm vh`â vij rmspjrilch... cmjxilch smu Mu Pupmrjhr `urir h qum ijlci  prm`jsi smr `urich, cm fhroi qum vh`â phssi rmthrlir, `inoiomltm... iohrhsiomltm m suivmomltm (piusi). I smu tmoph vh`â phcm smltjr h smu `hrph...ohvmlch-h `ho mlmrkji m vjci, mliphcm ierjr hs smus hnahs. Tnmliomltm `hls`jmltm, m smltjlch-sm emo m prmsmltm lh smu `hrph m sui vjci. =.6.94. Bhrlici cm filtisji piri inêo ch bircjo  LÏVMN2 pmrjlitin m trilspmsshin. trilspmsshin. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin. HEBMSJVH2 Thssjejnjtir h i`mssh i lïvmjs supmrjhrms cm `hls`jâl`ji, mxpnhrilch sïoehnhs m irquêtjphs cm ohrtm m rmlis`jomlth.  Msti tê`lj`i ê uoi iopnjiëàh ci bhrlici cm filtisji ih ousmu. H ush cmsti tê`lj`i phcm fivhrm`mr h `hltith `ho lò`nmhs ci `icmji cm @HMQs vjl`unicis ih lïvmn trilspmsshin, smlch, `hoh h shlah `itértj`h cjurlh, uoi phssjejnjcicm piri

h pi`jmltm mxprmssir `hlfnjths vjvjchs mo lïvmjs oijs prhfulchs cm smu psjqujsoh. JLPSU]ËÀH Umspjrilch `inoiomltm... Vh`â phcm smkujr `iojlailch, mltrilch mo `hltith `ho uo mspiëh jltmrlh qum vh`â jcmltjfj`i `hoh uo bircjo jltmrjhr, issjo, sm pmrojti mxpnhrir h smu

 

 bircjo jltmrjhr, mlquilth vij sm smltjlch `ici vmz oijs `hlfhrtivmnomltm prhtmkjch... Vh`â hesmrvi trilqujniomltm i sui rmspjriëàh, m sui omltm séeji m prhfulci phcm hesmrvir h fnuxh ch mnmomlth ékui `jr`unilch mo smu `hrph. Ehi pirtm cm smu `hrph ê fhroici phr ékui. I ékui ê i oiljfmstiëàh ci VJCI, ê hlcm i vjci `homëhu. @inoiomltm vh`â phcm jr prh`urilch uo nikh cm ékuis `niris m prhfulcis (piusi). M, mlquilth rmspjri, `hls`jmltmomltm m suivmomltm,  prh`urilch h nikh, sui omltm séeji, jl`hls`jmltm, `niri m prhfulci `homëi i nh`injzir is mohëýms, smltjomlths m pmlsiomlths qum vh`â prm`jsi njemrir piri qum i VJCI fnui njvrmomltm mo vh`â. Vh`â phcm tmr ml`hltrich uo nikh krilcm hu uo nikh pmqumlh. Mnm phcm tmr pniltis phr  pmrth... tinvmz, érvhrms frhlchsis, prhtmthris m trilqþjnis. H jophrtiltm ê qum vh`â phcm jr hesmrvilch is ékuis `niris m prhfulcis ch nikh, mlquilth sui omltm séeji m prhfulci sm  prmpiri piri omrkunair prhtmkjciomltm. Umspjrm `inoiomltm... `hltmopnilch i supmrfï`jm ch nikh, nmltiomltm vh`â vij mltrilch lis suis ékuis, smltjlch sui suivjcicm, smltjlch i VJCI  prmsmltm. M, prhtmkjciomltm... vh`â vij mltrilch... mltrilch `ici vmz oijs... omrkunailch  prhfulciomltm. ]o sjnâl`jh prhfulch phcm jr thoilch `hlti cm vh`â, uoi smlsiëàh cm emo mstir vij rmnixilch ijlci oijs h smu `hrph. M vh`â fnutui njvrmomltm lis ékuis prhfulcis ch nikh. (piusi). Vh`â vij omrkunailch `ici vmz oijs...omrkunailch...omrkunailch mo eus`i ch fulch ch nikh. (piusi). M nmltiomltm mlquilth i ékui `homëi i prmssjhlir h smu `hrph, h fulch ch nikh vij fj`ilch `ici vmz oijs ms`urh, uoi jomlsi ms`urjcàh (piusi). Sinvmz i prmssàh sm thrlm oujth krilcm, tinvmz vh`â ml`hltrm smrms mstrilahs lh fulch ch nikh m pmlsm qum làh `hlsjkujré suejr piri supmrfï`jm, ois sui omltm séeji, jl`hls`jmltm m prhfulci siem qum vh`â vij `hlsmkujr, prhtmkjciomltm m `inoiomltm rmthrlir `amjh cm vjci piri i supmrfï`jm, mlquilth sui omltm jl`hls`jmltm vij trieinailch piri njemré-nh cis tmlsýms m enhqumjhs prhfulchs, i prmssàh vij iuomltilch... iuomltilch... M vh`â vij fizmlch uo jomlsh msfhrëh piri suejr piri supmrfï`jm (piusi). Puejlch... suejlch mo eus`i cm nuz m ir... suejlch... suejlch mo eus`i cm njemrcicm... suejlch... mlquilth is ékuis vàh fj`ilch `niris...suejlch mo eus`i cm oijs VJCI (piusi). Nmltiomltm, vh`â phcm jr vmlch hs rijhs cm nuz qum mltrio lh nikh fhroilch uo tòlmn. Vé piri i nuz... sjki lh tòlmn... sjki ripjciomltm piri i nuz. Pjki... sjki... mlquilth i nuz vij fj`ilch `ici vmz oijsm prðxjoi, sjki...Pjki... m, mlquilth i nuzhfj`i oijsm... prðxjoi, vh`ârmspjrm. sm prmpiri piri rmspjrir njvrmomltm iemrtiomltm. mxpilci pmjth rmspjrm... Phntm h ir...rmspjrm prhfulciomltm m prhtmkjciomltm, rmspjrm i VJCI. (piusi). Pjlti hs rijhs cm shn th`ilch sui fi`m, sjlti i njemrcicm fnujlch mo smu `hrph. Cmsfrutilch iohrhsiomltm ci nuz qum h iqum`m, vh`â phcm jr cmjxilch hs rijhs cm shn mltrirmo mo smu `hrph, iqum`mlch-h... iohrhsiomltm. Shrlilch-h nuz... N]R... Umnixm li nuz (piusi). M li fhroi cm nuz rmthrlm piri h iquj-m-ikhri prmml`amlch h smu `hrph `ho nuz. Trmml`amlch sui `iemëi, smus eriëhs, smu tðrix `ho N]R. Trmml`amlch smu quicrjn, suis pmrlis m pês. Mlquilth vh`â vij i`hohcilch `hls`jmltmomltm i nuz... sui omltm jl`hls`jmltm, séeji m  prhfulci vij smltjlch-sm pnmliomltm njvrm, msqum`mlch h qum prm`jsm smr msqum`jch m nmoerilch h qum fhr lm`mssérjh piri sui VJCI. Vjci qum punsi lh smu `hrph m, lmssm ohvjomlth, vh`â omxm hs pês, is oàhs... smltjlch-sm prmsmltm iquj-m-ikhri lh smu `hrph, ierjlch hs hnahs, `amjh

cm vjci.

 

=.6.99. @urilch m iopnjilch hs vïl`unhs fiojnjirms  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h m trilspmsshin. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin HEBMSJVH2 trieinair @HMQs mlvhnvmlch hs vïl`unhs `ho fiojnjirms, iojkhs m cmsifmths, jcmltjfj`ir picrýms cm rmpmtjëýms fiojnjirms. Cmsmlvhnvjomlth ch hesmrvichr `hopissjvh. JLPSU]ËÀH ]silch sui omltm `rjitjvi vh`â phcm jr, trilqþjniomltm, ml`hltrilch uo nukir cm smkurilëi piri rmphusir... Cmsfrutilch ci njemrcicm prhpj`jici pmnh `hltith `hls`jmltm `ho sui rmspjriëàh. Jlspjrilch, vh`â i`inoi h `hrph m, mxpjrilch, vh`â i`inoi i omltm... jlspjrilch i`inoi h `hrph m mxpjrilch i`inoi i omltm... Oiltmlch mstm rjtoh vh`â phcm jr, kricitjviomltm, ml`hltrilch uoi phsjëàh piri h `hrph, smltich hu cmjtich, qum nam pmrojti mltrir mo `hltith prhtmkjciomltm `ho lïvmjs oijs prhfulchs ci sui omltm. Oiltmlch h rjtoh ci rmspjriëàh (jlspjrilch i`inoi h `hrph m mxpjrilch i`inoi i omltm) vh`â phcm jr joikjlilch qum msté lh `mltrh cm uo `ïr`unh cm `uri, tinvmz vh`â phssi joikjlir uo oilcini hrjmltin hu tinvmz uoi rhci cm `uri xioålj`i hu, qumo siem, ipmlis h `mltrh cm uo mspiëh iemrth m prhtmkjch. (piusi). Mlquilth sui rmspjriëàh `hls`jmltm h ibuci i nh`injzirsm lmstm `mltrh cm mqujnïerjh, vh`â phcm joikjlir qum ch nich msqumrch ch smu `hrph `h `homëio omëio i sm iprhxjoir thcis is ounamrms ci njlaikmo fiojnjir cm sui oàm, h vjês fmojljlh ci sui fioïnji cm hrjkmo, i `homëir phr suis jroàs, sm vh`â tjvmr jroàs `hlsilkþïlmis7 ipðs is suis jroàs, vmo i sui oàm, ipðs i sui oàm, vâo is jroàs ci sui oàm, ipðs is jroàs ci sui oàm, vmo i sui ivð, ipðs i sui ivð, vâo is jroàs ci sui ivð, ipðs is jroàs ci sui ivð vmo i sui ejsivð, m, omsoh qum vh`â làh `hlamëi hu làh sm nmoerm cis fjsjhlhojis, vh`â phcm `hlm`tir-sm `ho i mlmrkji cmssis pmsshis, sjlthljzilch-sm `ho h nukir cm ahlri cm `ici omoerh ci fioïnji. Issjo, vh`â phcm joikjlir qum thcis mssis ounamrms ci sui fioïnji, injlaio-sm itrés cm vh`â, ch smu nich msqumrch, uoi ipðs i hutri, hrkiljzicis mo fjni tjph jlcjili. Oiltmlch i rmspjriëàh `hls`jmltm, vh`â vij hnailch `inoiomltm piri thcis mnis2 h qum mnis tâo mo `houo8 qum njëýms cm vjci trizmo piri vh`â8 quin i fhrëi cmssis ounamrms8 Tmrojti Tmrojti qum mstis qumstýmsmormsshmo mo smu smr.iemrtiomltm... Eusqum ms`utir is rmsphstis `ho h `hriëàh. Cmjxm qum mnis thomo mspiëh vh`â, njvrmomltm, Oiltmlch i `hls`jâl`ji ch rjtoh ci rmspjriëàh (jlspjrilch i`inoi h `hrph m mxpjrilch i`inoi i omltm) vh`â phcm jr ikhri joikjlilch qum ch smu nich cjrmjth `homëi i sm iprhxjoir thchs hs ahomls ci njlaikmo fiojnjir ch smu pij, h vjês ois`unjlh cm sui fioïnji cm hrjkmo, i `homëir phr smus jroàhs, sm vh`â tjvmr jroàhs `hlsikuïlmhs7 ipðs hs smus jroàhs vmo h smu pij, ipðs h smu pij, vâo hs jroàhs ch smu pij, ipðs hs jroàhs ch smu pij, vmo h smu ivó, ipðs h smu ivó, vâo hs jroàhs ch smu ivó, ipðs hs jroàhs ch smu ivó, vmo h smu ejsivó m issjo phr cjiltm. Vh`â bé siem qum phcmré `hlm`tir-sm `ho i mlmrkji cmssis pmsshis, sjlthljzilch-sm `ho h nukir cm ahlri cm `ici omoerh ci fioïnji. Issjo, vh`â phcm joikjlir qum `hoh is ounamrms, mssms ahomls sm injlaio itrés cm vh`â, ch smu nich cjrmjth, uo ipðs h hutrh, hrkiljzichs mo fjni jlcjili. Hnailch iohrhsiomltm piri mnms vh`â phcm pmrkultir-sm2 h qum mnis tâo mo `houo8

qum njëýms vjci piri vh`â8isquin i fhrëi`ho cmssms ahomls8 Tmrojti qum thomo mstis qumstýms rmsshmo mocmsmu Pmr.trizmo Eusqum ms`utir rmsphstis h `hriëàh. Cmjxm qum mnis mspiëh mo vh`â, njvrmomltm, iemrtiomltm...

 

Oiltmlch i `hls`jâl`ji ch rjtoh ci rmspjriëàh (jlspjrilch i`inoi h `hrph m mxpjrilch i`inoi i omltm) vh`â phcm vhntir smu hnair piri is ounamrms ci fioïnji. Sinvmz vh`â tmlai  pmr`mejch inkuoi cjfj`uncicm8 Shom `hls`jâl`ji cmni, prh`urilch oitmrjinjzé-ni li fhroi cm uoi fuoiëi ms`uri qum msté sherm is suis `iemëis. M ch `mltrh cm `uri m mqujnïerjh mo qum vh`â vh` â sm ml`hltri, vh`â phcm jr ierjlch h smu `hriëàh, trilsfhroilch-h mo uoi usjli cm fhrëi `ho  phcmr cm trilsoutir, cm oucir tuch qum prm`jsi smr oucich piri qum vh`â phssi ml`hltrir oijs njemrcicm m piz. @ho h smu `hriëàh iemrth m trislfhroich, vh`â vij prhtmkjciomltm jlspjrilch i fuoiëi ms`uri qum msté sherm i `iemëi cis ounamrms cm sui fioïnji, trizmlch-i piri i usjli ch smu `hriëàh, trilsfhroilch-i mo nuz. M, mxpjrilch, vh`â njemri nuz sherm is ounamrms ci sui fioïnji. Jlspjrilch i fuoiëi, trilsfhroilch mo nuz, mxpjrilch nuz. Hesmrvm `hoh kricitjviomltm thcis `homëio i sm emlmfj`jir ci nuz. Oiltmlai msti rmspjriëàh itê qum thcis mnis mstmbio mlvhnvjcis pmni nuz. Iohrhsiomltm, vh`â vhnti smu hnair piri hs ahomls cm sui fioïnji. Sinvmz vh`â tmlai  pmr`mejch inkuoi cjfj`uncicm. Shom `hls`jâl`ji cmni/cmnis, cmni/cmnis, prh`urilch oitmrjinjzé-ni li fhroi cm uoi fuoiëi ms`uri qum msté sherm is suis `iemëis. M ch `mltrh cm `uri m mqujnïerjh mo qum vh`â sm ml`hltri, vh`â phcm `hltjluir ierjlch smu `hriëàh, trilsfhroilch-h ijlci oijs mo uoi usjli cm fhrëi `ho phcmr cm trilsoutir, cm oucir tuch qum prm`jsi smr oucich piri qum vh`â phssi ml`hltrir oijs njemrcicm m piz. @ho h smu `hriëàh iemrth m trilsfhroich, vh`â vij  prhtmkjciomltm jlspjrilch i fuoiëi ms`uri qum msté sherm i `iemëi chs ahomls cm sui fioïnji, trizmlch-i piri i usjli ch smu `hriëàh, trilsfhroilch-i mo nuz... m, mxpjrilch, vh`â njemri nuz sherm hs ahomls ci sui fioïnji. Jlspjrilch i fuoiëi... trilsfhroilch-i mo nuz... mxpjrilch nuz. Hesmrvm `hoh kricitjviomltm thchs `homëio i sm emlmfj`jir ci nuz. Oiltmlai msti rmspjriëàh itê qum thchs mstmbio mlvhnvjchs pmni nuz. (piusi nhlki). Ikhri qum thchs mstàh mlvhnvjchs mo nuz vh`â vhnti smu hnair piri is ounamrms ci sui fioïnji m rmpmtm2 mu ahlrh m rmspmjth vh`âs. Mu i`mjth vh`âs. Mu rm`hlamëh vh`âs li ojlai njlaikmo fiojnjir. Joikjlm qum mssis ounamrms nam cjzmo qum tioeêo ahlrio m rmpmjtio vh`â m qum nam cjzmo qum i`mjtio m rm`hlam`mo vh`â li njlaikmo fiojnjir. Hesmrvm hs mfmjths cmssm rm`hlam`jomlth m jl`nusàh fiojnjir, h quilth jssh phcm smr njemrtichr! Ikhri, vh`â vhnti smu hnair piri hs ahomls ci sui fioïnji m rmpmtm2 mu i`mjth vh`âs. Mu rm`hlamëh vh`âs li ojlai njlaikmo fiojnjir. mssms ahomls qum tioeêo qum nam cjzmo qum Joikjlm i`mjtio qum m rm`hlam`mo vh`ânamlicjzmo njlaikmo fiojnjir.ahlrio Hesmrvmm rmpmjtio hs mfmjthsvh`â cmssmm rm`hlam`jomlth m jl`nusàh fiojnjir, h quilth jssh phcm smr njemrtichr! Iohrhsiomltm, pmrojti-sm jr trilsfhroilch tuch qum prm`jsi smr trilsfhroich mo nuz. Pjlti-sm nuz. Lmstm `mltrh cm `uri vh`â phcm mxpilcjr-sm ijlci oijs2 iphjilch-sm, i`hnamlch-sm m iemlëhilch-sm7 cmsfrutilch i njemrcicm m i mlmrkji cm `uri chs ahomls m cis ounarms cm sui fioïnji7 rm`memlch suis eâlëàhs m i`mjtiëàh. Kricitjviomltm vh`â phcm jr jltmkrilch mstis mxpmrjâl`jis, pmr`memlch h smu `hrph lh iquj-m-ikhri `amjh cm nuz. Vh`â phcm mxpilcjr msti mxpmrjâl`ji piri jl`nujr hs jljojkhs i sui frmltm m hs iojkhs itrés cm vh`â. Umpmtjlch hs omsohs pisshs fmjths `ho hs ahomls m is ounarms ci sui fioïnji, smltjlch-sm prhtmkjch m smkurh.

 

=.6.95. Jcmltjfj`ilch rm`urshs  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h m trilspmsshin. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin. HEBMSJVH2 i`jhlir h phtml`jin trilsfhroichr m jltml`jhlin ci psjqum. JLPSU]ËÀH @inoiomltm, vh`â phcm jr ml`hltrilch i sui fhroi cm rmnixir. Sinvmz vh`â sjlti vhlticm cm cmjtir, tinvmz vh`â prmfjri fj`ir smltich. H jophrtiltm ê ml`hltrir uoi fhroi `hlfhrtévmn piri rmnixir h `hrph m shntir i sui omltm `rjitjvi, séeji m prhfulci. Cmjxm-sm nmvir  pmni rmspjriëàh... oiltmlai i itmlëàh lh rjtoh ci rmspjriëàh m, prhtmkjciomltm, vé shntilch is érmis ch smu `hrph qum prm`jsio rmnixir. Mu làh smj sm sàh suis pmrlis qum prm`jsio fj`ir oijs shntis, mu làh smj sm sàh suis `hstis... eriëhs...oàhs hu `iemëi. Mu sð smj qum vh`â phcm rmnixir h qum prm`jsi smr rmnixich, usilch sui rmspjriëàh trilqujniomltm... M, mlquilth vh`â rmspjri suivmomltm... sui omltm séeji m prhfulci msté smlch i`jhlici piri trieinair pmnh smu `rms`jomlth jltmrjhr. Mni msté fizmlch tuch h qum prm`jsi smr fmjth piri qum vh`â phssi cmsfrutir cmsti mxpmrjâl`ji cm `rms`jomlth, prhtmkjciomltm... iohrhsiomltm... Issjo, prhtmkjciomltm m iohrhsiomltm, vh`â `homëi i rminjzir uoi rmtrhspm`tjvi cm sui vjci. Pui omltm séeji m prhfulci bé ms`hnamu iqumnis sjtuiëýms cjfï`mjs qum fhrio P]TMUICIP m qum vh`â prm`jsi nmoerir prhtmkjciomltm lmstm ohomlth. Mltàh, vé hesmrvilch hs ohomlths cjfï`mjs... hs ohomlths cm `rjsm... hs ohomlths cm pmrci hu cm quinqumr hutri cjfj`uncicm. Tmrojti-sm nmoerir iqujnh qum sui omltm séeji smnm`jhlhu piri fivhrm`mr prhtmkjciomltm h smu `rms`jomlth. Oiltmlai i omltm `hls`jmltm hesmrvilch i rmspjriëàh, mlquilth sui omltm séeji m prhfulci fivhrm`m msti rmtrhspm`tjvi, `inoiomltm...  prhtmkjciomltm... Ikhri qum vh`â i`msshu mssis nmoerilëis, prh`urm jr hesmrvilch `inoiomltm i fhroi `hoh vh`â `hlsmkuju trilsfhroir mstis sjtuiëýms...Umspjrm h ir, cmjxm-h `jr`unir njvrmomltm mo smu `hrph... qum rm`urshs vh`â utjnjzhu piri trilsfhroir mstis sjtuiëýms. Umspjrm njvrmomltm, shntm h ir. Shom `hls`jâl`ji ch smu phcmr trilsfhroichr. Umspjrm h ir prhtmkjciomltm m hesmrvm qum hlcm iltms aivji tmlsàh ikhri aé trilqþjnjcicm, prh`urm hesmrvir `ho i ibuci ci rmspjriëàh. Shom `hls`jâl`ji smu phcmr jltmrjhr. Mltrm moUmspjrm, `hltith `ho smltjomlths qum surkmo i pmr`mpëàh cmstich`ipi`jcicm cm trilsfhroir. sjltihssmu `hrph njvrm, rmspjrm `ho h ir trilsfhroichr. Vmbi qum vh`â phcm usir mstms omsohs rm`urshs piri rmshnvmr h qum fhr prm`jsh smr rmshnvjch ikhri mo sui vjci. Mlquilth vh`â rmspjri `hls`jmltmomltm, sui omltm séeji m  prhfulci bé msté fizmlch mstm trieinah piri vh`â. I smu tmoph, prh`urm omxmr h smu `hrph, ierjlch hs hnahs suivmomltm, pnmliomltm `hls`jmltm cm smu phcmr trilsfhroichr. Pukmrm-sm rminjzir h cmsmlah cm oilcini m `hopirtjnair i mxpmrjâl`ji `ho h kruph. =.6.90. Mxmr`jtilch h cmsipmkh ch mkh.  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h.

SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin. HEBMSJVH2 fi`jnjtir cmsipmkh, oucilëi cm picrýms m cmsjcmltjfj`iëýms. ]sici `hoh uo fi`jnjtichr cm jcmltjfj`iëàh cm mxpmrjâl`jis cm ipmkhs qum phcmo smr trieinaicis `ho i Sê`lj`i cm Ohrtm m Umlis`jomlth.

 

UM@]UPH SÊ@LJ@H2 Oòsj`i Icékjh l² = cm Pioumn Eiremr hu sjojnir. ÏLPSU]ËÕMP Trh`urm, lh smu rjtoh, ml`hltrir sui fhroi cm rmnixir. Sinvmz vh`â prmfjri jr shntilch `ici pirtm ch smu `hrph `ho i ibuci ci rmspjriëàh. Phntilch hs pês... Phntilch is pmrlis, rmspjrilch m shntilch hs quicrjz... shntilch is `hstis m thch h tðrix. Umspjrilch `inoiomltm... m shntilch hs eriëhs, is oàhs... shntilch njvrmomltm i lu`i... rmspjrilch m shntilch i `iemëi m hs oòs`unhs ci fi`m... Sinvmz vh`â prmfjri joikjlir-sm cmltrh cm uo `ïr`unh cm nuz prhtmthr...uo `ïr`unh cm nuz `ho i `hr cm sui prmfmrâl`ji. Nuz m `hr qum vàh mltrilch mo smu `hrph `ho i ibuci cm sui rmspjriëàh...m shntilch, shntilch, rmnixilch ijlci oijs. Pmltjlch-sm prhtmkjch(i) m smkurh(i). smkurh(i). Sinvmz vh`â phssi iuomltir smu rmnixiomlth ms`utilch msti oòsj`i... hesmrvilch sui rmspjriëàh. Ms`utilch `hls`jmltmomltm i oòsj`i, vh`â sjlthljzi `ho h smu ohomlth cm vjci ituin. Hesmrvm sui prhfjssàh, sui fioïnji, smus `hnmkis m iojkhs... Trh`urm hesmrvir tuch qum fhr  phssïvmn lmstis sjtuiëýms. H qum nam cé oijs prizmr8 Trh`urm mstiemnm`mr uoi hrcmo cm vinhr, `hnh`ilch mo prjomjrh nukir iqujnh qum nam cé oijs prizmr m issjo phr cjiltm. Mlquilth vh`â `hltjlui hesmrvilch, prhtmkjciomltm, sui omltm séeji m prhfulci h msté  prmpirilch piri trilsfhroir tuch h qum fhr prm`jsh smr trilsfhroich piri iuxjnjir lh smu `rms`jomlth. Ikhri, `inoiomltm m prhtmkjciomltm, vh`â `homëi i joikjlir-sm pmrcmlch is `hjsis qum nam càh prizmr, cmjxilch phr òntjoh iqumni qum vh`â ms`hnamu `hoh i oijs  prizmrhsi. Li sui joikjliëàh hesmrvm `hoh fj`i i sui vjci ih pmrcmr `ici uoi cmssis `hjsis... @hoh vh`â sm smltm8 Yuijs sàh suis rmiëýms frmltm i mssis pmrcis8 @inoiomltm, vh`â rmspjri m thoi `hls`jâl`ji ci jophrtål`ji ch cmsipmkh mo sui vjci m ci `mrtmzi ci jopmroilâl`ji jlmrmltm i thcis is `hjsis ci mxjstâl`ji. Lmstm ohomlth, phcm-sm jltrhcuzjr i tê`lj`i cm ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth ch mkh, cm Nêh Oiths (vjcm jtmls 5.99 m =.5.9.) hu rm`hlcuzjr i pmsshi ih iquj-m-ikhri, sukmrjlch i rminjziëàh cm oilcini m h `hopirtjnair ci mxpmrjâl`ji `ho h kruph. =.6.93. Fh`injzilch uoi érmi i smr trieinaici J m JJ.  LÏVMN2 trilspmsshin. SJTH CMpsj`hcjlåoj`h ITNJ@IËÀH2m jlcjvjcuin hu krupin.  Li ipnj`iëàh jlcjvjcuin, iprhvmjti-sm i ohejnjziëàh ch `hlfnjth piri trieinaé-nh `ho hutris tê`lj`is. Mo kruph, `hopitjnam mo cupni ms`hnamlch h pir`mjrh qum tmlai h oilcini oijs pirm`jch `ho h smu7 cmphjs `hopirtjnam `ho h krilcm kruph. @hlvjcm vhnultérjhs piri trieinair lh `hn`aàh `ho hutris tê`lj`is. Hs vhnultérjhs sàh hs phrti-vhzms ch kruph m ibucio li `nirjfj`iëàh chs `hlfnjths vjvml`jichs phr hutrhs qum ijlci làh mstàh cjsphsths i sm mxphrmo lh `hnmtjvh. HEBMSJVH2 fivhrm`mr i cmnjojtiëàh cm uo fh`h i smr trieinaich li smssàh cm  psj`htmripji.

Fh`injzilch J

JLPSU]ËÀH Pmltich hu cmjtich, mltrm mo `hltith `ho sui rmspjriëàh... prh`urilch smltjr `ici pirtm cm smu `hrph... sjlti, ikhri, smu `hrph `hoh uo thch... @hoh vh`â msté lh smu `hrph ikhri8... Nmoerm-sm cm inkh qum jltml`jhlhu trieinair lmsti smssàh... inkuoi `hjsi qum msté nam

 

jl`hohcilch m prm`jsi smr trieinaici... sjlti mssi sjtuiëàh lh smu `hrph. Ikhri, mo sjnâl`jh fiëi uo oilcini.

Fh`injzilch JJ JLPSU]ËÀH Mltrilch mo `hltith `ho i rmspjriëàh... cmjxilch qum mni mltrm mo `ici pirtm ch smu `hrph, shntilch h qum prm`jsi smr shnth m trieinailch h qum prm`jsi smr trieinaich... prh`urilch  prmsmltjfj`ir h smu smr... smltjlch-sm iquj-m-ikhri... Pjlti `hoh vh`â msté iquj-m-ikhri lh smu `hrph. Smo inkuoi tmlsàh8... H qum jssh nam cjz8... Tmlsm mo smus `hlfnjths ituijs m hesmrvm qum `hlfnjth msté nam jl`hohcilch oijs lmstm ohomlth... cmstiqum mssm `hlfnjth... vjsuinjzm-sm hu joikjlm-sm vjvmlch mssi sjtuiëàh cm `hlfnjth ikhri. Pjlti-h lh smu `hrph... pmr`mei is smlsiëýms qum mnm nam prhphr`jhli ikhri... Shom `hls`jâl`ji chs smltjomlths, pmlsiomlths m pmr`mpëýms qum mstm `hlfnjth nam cmspmrti... Ikhri, mo sjnâl`jh, fiëi uo oilcini7 uo oilcini ch smu `hlfnjth. =.6.9=. Srieinailch i `unpi  LÏVMN2 itjlkm jlj`jinomltm h psj`hcjlåoj`h, phcmlch jr inêo piri h pmrjlitin m h trilspmsshin. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin. HEBMSJVH2 nmviltir  kmstints  kmstints   iemrtis i`mr`i cm sjtuiëýms mlvhnvmlch `unpi hu irrmpmlcjomlth. JLPSU]ËÀH Cmjtich, hnahs fm`aichs, vh`â vij mltrilch mo `hltith `ho i sui rmspjriëàh... eus`ilch, `inoiomltm, mltrir mo `hltith `ho mstm ohomlth prmsmltm... jltmjriomltm prmsmltm lh smu `hrph... rmspjrilch... iopnjilch sui omltm... ierjlch smu `hriëàh... rmspjrilch, `inoiomltm, fiëi uoi rmtrhspm`tjvi cm sui vjci, `hoh sm fhssm uo fjnom... vé hesmrvilch sjtuiëýms mo qum vh`â sm smltju `unpich hu irrmpmlcjch phr tmr fmjth hu finich inkuoi `hjsi, hu phr tmr cmjxich cm fizmr hu finir inkuoi `hjsi cmscm sui jlfål`ji... pissilch pmni ichnms`âl`ji... itê i fism icunti. Hesmrvm hlcm mssm smltjomlth sm rmfnmtm lh smu `hrph... `hoh mnm sm rmfnmtm mo sui vjci ahbm... Trh`urm trizmr piri i `hls`jâl`ji tuch qum phssi ibucir mo smu prh`mssh cm `rms`jomlth. I smu tmoph, nmviltm m fiëi quilths oilcinis vh`â lm`mssjtir. Trh`urir trieinair `ho hutris tê`lj`is cm i`hrch `ho h qum fhj ohejnjzich pmni mxpmrjâl`ji. =.6.96. Vjvâl`ji cm pmrci cm uoi sjtuiëàh  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin

HEBMSJVH2 fivhrm`mr i mniehriëàh cm sjtuiëýms mlvhnvmlch pmrcis. JLPSU]ËÀH Pmltich, hu cmjtich, vh`â phcm jr rmnixilch h smu `hrph, shntilch tuch qum prm`jsm smr shnth, mlquilth sui rmspjriëàh vij trilqþjniomltm sm i`inoilch. Umpjrilch, shntilch `ici pirtm ch smu `hrph... pês... pmrlis... tðrix... shntilch eriëhs m oàhs... rmspjrilch, shntilch hs

 

hoerhs... i lu`i. Phntilch i `iemëi... rmspjrilch m rmnixilch vh`â phcm jr mltrilch mo `hltith `ho sui vjci ahbm... hesmrvilch sui vjci prhfjssjhlin... ifmtjvi... sh`jin... fiojnjir... mspjrjtuin...  prh`urilch hesmrvir ih oéxjoh phssïvmn thchs thchs mstms ispm`ths. Cmltrh cmssis érmis, ms`hnai uoi sjtuiëàh pmni quin vh`â smltm uoi fhrtm njkiëàh... uoi sjtuiëàh qum nam triz krilcm sitjsfiëàh m fmnj`jcicm... Sriki msti mxpmrjâl`ji cm fmnj`jcicm piri h smu `hrph... Inkh cm oujti jophrtål`ji piri vh`â. Trh`urilch smltjr ikhri msti sitjsfiëàh  prmsmltm mo smu `hrph... Cmsfrutilch mssi smlsiëàh smlsiëàh cm emo-mstir... H tmoph pissi, tuch pissi... m, oiltmlch i rmspjriëàh trilqþjni, fiëi i filtisji qum ikhri vh`â msté pmrcmlch i sjtuiëàh cm emo-mstir... Jsth cmsipirm`m cm sui vjci. Vh`â làh tmo oijs msti sjtuiëàh piri cmsfrutir. Umspjrilch... mxpjrilch, tuch jssh i`iei... @hoh vh`â msté sm smltjlch ikhri smo jssh8 @hoh fj`i i sui vjci8 Joikjlm h tmoph pissilch... H qum vh`â msté fizmlch piri njcir `ho mssis oucilëis li sui vjci8... H qum vh`â qumr fizmr ci sui vjci ikhri8... H tmoph `hltjlui pissilch, vmbi sm vh`â fiz hu làh h qum pnilmbhu... H qum qu m vh`â msté smltjlch phr vh`â ikhri8  Lh trieinah mo kruph shnj`jti-sm qum i smu tmoph `ici pmsshi nmviltm m fiëi uo oilcini piri `hopirtjnair `ho h kruph, nhkh ipðs trieinai-sm is sjtuiëýms jl`ieicis. Yuilch h itmlcjomlth fhr jlcjvjcuin, `hlcuzi i pmsshi ih fm`aiomlth cis  kmstints  kmstints   hu @HMQs iemrtis `ho is vjvâl`jis. ]tjnjzio-sm prjl`jpinomltm hs mxmr`ï`jhs cm ohrtm-mrmlis`jomlth ch mkh. =.6.9;. Srieinailch enhqumjhs, kmstints hu @HMQs iemrtis  LÏVMN2 thchs hs lïvmjs. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin HEBMSJVH2 cmsenhqumjh m jltmlsjfj`iëàh mlmrkêtj`i ci `hls`jâl`ji. JLPSU]ËÀH Pmltich hu cmjtich, vh`â phcm jr mltrilch mo `hltith `hlsjkh omsoh. Umspjrilch njvrmomltm... thoilch `hls`jâl`ji cm `hoh msté h smu `hrph iquj m ikhri... rmnixilch... iopnjilch sui `hls`jâl`ji prhtmkjciomltm... @inoiomltm, vh`âhuvij thoilchqumr `hls`jâl`ji mo quin ispm`th ci suiifmtjvh, vjci vh`â sm smltm oijs trivich, enhqumich jopmcjch, smbi lh lïvmn fïsj`h, moh`jhlin, mspjrjtuin hu  prhfjssjhlin... Shom `hls`jâl`ji ci cjomlsàh cmssm enhqumjh li sui vjci... Vmbi sm mnm tmo rmpmr`ussýms fïsj`is, moh`jhlijs hu omltijs. Shom `hls`jâl`ji cis `rmlëis, pmlsiomlths m smltjomlths qum i`hopilaio mssm enhqumjh... Yuijs sàh smus smltjomlths ikhri ih `hltitir `ho mssm enhqumjh8 @ho mssi `hls`jâl`ji, nmviltm-sm m, mo sjnâl`jh, fiëi uo oilcini hu quilths qujsmr.  Lh trieinah mo kruph, shnj`jti-sm qum i smu tmoph `ici pmsshi sm nmviltm m fiëi uo oilcini piri `hopirtjnair `ho h kruph7 nhkh ipðs, trieinaio-sm is sjtuiëýms jli`ieicis. Ê jophrtiltm, piri rmcuzjr is rmsjstâl`jis, cmsti`ir qum thchs tmohs enhqumjhs, thchs tmohs

frustriëýms m ispm`ths oin rmshnvjchs. jlcjvjcuin, `hlcuz-sm i pmsshiprjl`jpinomltm ih fm`aiomlthhscis  kmstints   cm  kmstints hu ohrtm @HMQsm iemrtis,Yuilch `ho i fhr vjvâl`ji ci bhrlici. ]tjnjzio-sm mxmr`ï`jhs rmlis`jomlth ch mkh.

 

=.;. SÊ@LJ@IP UMKUMPPJVIP H ush cis tê`lj`is rmkrmssjvis `hoh jlstruomlth tmripâutj`h bé msté `hlsikrich lh omjh  psj`hnðkj`h. @hltuch, i sui utjnjziëàh piri i`mssir `ioicis oijs prhfulcis ch psjqujsoh, `hoh hs lïvmjs pmrjlitijs, omoðrjis irqumtïpj`is m cm „vjcis pissicis‟, pisshu i smr uoi cis oir`is jcmltjfj`ichris ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. Curiltm uo `mrth pmrïhch cm tmoph issh`jhu-sm i Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin `ho i phssjejnjcicm cm mltrir mo `hltith, vji rmkrmssàh, `ho omoðrjis cjfï`mjs cm smrmo i`mssicis pmnis tmripjis `hlvml`jhlijs.  Lh omjh trilspmsshin, trâs krilcms phsjëýms surkmo lh qum cjz rmspmjth ih ush ci rmkrmssàh. i) I rmkrmssàh ê uoi lm`mssjcicm piri mvhnuëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji   - msti phsjëàh ê cmfmlcjci phr Krhf quilch iphlti h lïvmn pmrjlitin `hoh phrti piri i`mssirohs hs lïvmjs trilspmsshijs. Mni ê curiomltm `rjtj`ici phr [jnemr (5449, p.933-9=:) qum iphlti is cjfj`uncicms tmðrj`is piri sustmlté-ni. Tiri mstm iuthr, is mxpmrjâl`jis pmrjlitijs sàh oiljfmstiëýms cuinjstis prðprjis ch fjo ci jlvhnuëàh ch psïquj`h/inoi, hu smbi, ch fjo ci  pmroilâl`ji lh eirch m rmthrlh ih `hrph fïsj`h. @hltuch, ê jlmkévmn qum i rmspjriëàh ahnhtrðpj`i ê uoi phcmrhsi fmrriomlti cmsmlvhnvjci phr Krhf piri i`mssir h oitmrjin jl`hls`jmltm. Hutrh krilcm tmripmuti qum sustmlti uoi phsturi prðxjoi i cm Krhf ê Uhkmr [hhnkmr, smlch suis tê`lj`is mxtrmoiomltm mfj`jmltms piri fivhrm`mr mstichs rmkrmssjvhs ihs lïvmjs oijs sutjs (vmr jtmo 0.5.0. lmstm njvrh).  e) I rmkrmssàh làh ê uoi lm`mssjcicm piri mvhnuëàh ci   `hls`jâl`ji  ‐  ‐  msti  msti phsjëàh ê cmfmlcjci phr [jnemr (5449) qum iphlti2 „Iqujnh `ho qum sm mltri mo `hltith lmssis tmripjis cm rmkrmssàh làh  làh   ê mssml`jinomltm i eitinai ch lis`jomlth ejhnðkj`h, ois i `hls`jâl`ji psïquj`h/inoi  prmsmltm liqumni eitinai. M, h qum ê oijs jophrtiltm, phcm-sm mltrir mo `hltith `ho mssi `hls`jâl`ji psïquj`h/inoi `ho jkuin fi`jnjcicm smo i lm`mssjcicm ci rmkrmssàh...‟(  rmkrmssàh ...‟(  krjfh lhssh, p.9=1) [jnemr cmsti`i qum is mxpmrjâl`jis i`mssichs lhs lïvmjs pmrjlitijs rmthrlio ipðs i rmshnuëàh ci `rjsm mxjstml`jin vjvjci lh mstékjh 6 (lïvmn mxjstml`jin) m qum i `hls`jâl`ji i`mssici lmstms lïvmjs jlj`jijs tmlcm i smr suestjtuïci pmnhs mstichs làh-cuijs chs lïvmjs trilspmsshijs. Msti phsturi rm`hlam`m i rmkrmssàh m i utjnjzi piri fivhrhrm`mr h cmsenhqumjh chs mlrmciomlths qum mstmbio jopmcjlch i mxpilsàh ci `hls`jâl`ji ruoh ihs lïvmjs oijs iopnhs, `hltuch i omti ê smoprm itjvir h lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji smkujltm m làh rmkrmcjr. `) I rmkrmssàh phcm fivhrmvmr i mvhnuëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji   ‐  ‐  Msti   Msti phsjëàh ê cmfmlcjci  phr Nêh Oiths. Mstm iuthr trieinai `ho i pmrspm`tjvi cm qum, sm h fmlóomlh rmkrmssjvh h`hrrmr, cmvm smr fi`jnjtich, Tiri jssh, mnm `rjhu tê`lj`is qum fivhrm`mo hs mstichs rmkrmssjvhs, smo, `hltuch, jlcuzï-nhs cjrmtiomltm, `hoh fizmo Krhf m [hhnkmr. Yuilch surkmo hs mstichs

rmkrmssjvhs, mnm trieinai cmltrh ci pmrspm`tjvi prhkrmssjvi, hu smbi, prh`uri mstjounir i rmshnuëàh ch `hlfnjth li rmkrmssàh piri hs lïvmjs smkujltms.  Lmssm trieinah làh ê prmsmltm fmjth lmlauo msfhrëh mcm`hlcuz rmthrlhi `hls`jâl`ji piri iltms ci mxpmrjâl`ji rmkrmssjvi i`mssici, rm`ursh kmrinomltm utjnjzich phr Uhkmr [hhnkmr mo smu trieinah.

 

H `hlam`jomlth m i vjvâl`ji cmstis trâs phsjëýms fivhrm`mo h tmripmuti mo smu trieinah,  phjs, quilth oijs iopnis fhrmo suis phssjejnjcicms cm i`mssh ih jl`hls`jmltm, oijs iopnis smràh, tioeêo, suis phssjejnjcicms cm trieinah. Um`homlciohs ihs nmjthrms jltmrmssichs mo iprhfulcir i tmoétj`i ci rmkrmssàh hs trieinahs chs tmðrj`hs Uhkmr [hhnkmr, Nmh Oiths Smhchri Kujoiràms m Ohhcy Br., cmltrm hutrhs jlcj`ichs li ejenjhkrifji. Iquj, iphltirmohs ipmlis inkuois tê`lj`is eésj`is. Cmsti`iohs qum li njtmrituri trilspmsshin mspm`jinjzici mo rmkrmssàh, thchs hs iuthrms sàh ulåljoms li jophrtål`ji ci quinjfj`iëàh ch tmripmuti lh oilmbh cis tê`lj`is rmkrmssjvis, cm fhroi qum mstm tmlai `hlcjëýms cm `hlcuzjr uo eho cjklðstj`h m fizmr is jlcj`iëýms mspm`ïfj`is ci rmkrmssàh. Inmrtiohs ijlci qum h ush jlicmquich cm tê`lj`is qum hebmtjvio i suspmlsàh tmophrérji cis cmfmsis ch mkh, `hoh ê h `ish ci rmkrmssàh, quilch utjnjzicis mo  pi`jmltms psj`ðtj`hs prhvh`io uoi krilcm krilcm cmsmstruturiëàh. Yuilth ih `hltmòch chs fmlóomlhs i`mssichs vji rmkrmssàh, i oijhrji chs iuthrms jlcj`i qum mnms cmvmo smr tritichs cmltrh cm uoi pmrspm`tjvi fmlhomlhnðkj`i m làh `hoh vmrcicms fi`tuijs. I ajpðtmsm pinjkmlêtj`i suebi`mltm äs rmkrmssýms i lïvmjs trilspmsshijs, mlvhnvmlch omoðrjis cm „vjvâl`jis pissicis‟, ê vjsti `hoh oijs uoi cis phssïvmjs ajpðtmsms  piri mxpnj`ir mmstm stm fmló fmlóomlh, omlh, shoilch-sm i hutris mxpnj`iëýms, `hoh2 is omoðrjis ejhnðkj`is, irqumtïpj`is hu omsoh i omri sukmstàh. @iem ijlci uoi rmfmrâl`ji ih trieinah ch Krhf qum cjspmlsi i vmreinjziëàh mxprmssi iltms, curiltm m ipðs is vjvâl`jis rmkrmssjvis, hu smbi, lh trieinah cm rmspjriëàh ahnhtrðpj`i i rmkrmssàh pissi i smr tritici li cjomlsàh jl`hls`jmltm, hlcm is joikmls, issh`jiëýms m cmoijs mnmomlths làh `hkljtjvhs (cjspmlsilch cjénhkhs, jlcuëàh hebmtjvi cjrmti, cmfmsi cm prjl`ïpjhs ohrijs, lhomiëýms nðkj`is hu ijlci ms`hnais `hls`jmltms cm rmfmrmltms rmshnutjvhs iltm i momrkâl`ji chs fmlóomlhs fétj`hs vjvml`jichs).  Lmssm smltjch, ê h joikjlérjh qum sm rmvmstm cm phcmr cm `uri m ml`hltri mxprmssàh li sjtuiëàh rmkrmssjvi cm åoejth pirtj`unir ch `njmltm. Njemrich lmssi cjomlsàh joikjlérji, smbi lhrtmich  pmnhs njojtms ci ajstðrji pmsshin (m iï sm jl`nuj h ispm`th iltrhphnðkj`h ci njlaikmo fiojnjir), smbi itrivês ch uljvmrsh jl`hls`jmltm `hnmtjvh, h `njmltm sm pmrojtm mniehriëýms cjspmlsilch, `hoh bé rmfmrjch, i jcmltjfj`iëàh `hls`jmltm, ch phlth cm vjsti smqþml`jin m nðkj`h chs mvmlths, h qum nam pmrojtm prhssmkujr itmlcmlch ä mxiti omcjci cm sui lm`mssjcicm cm mqujnïerjh ci  psjqum. =.;.9. Umkrmssàh eismici mo issh`jiëýms ]o chs prjl`ïpjhs eésj`hs ci Ajplhtmripji Mrj`gshljili `hopirtjnaici m usici lh omjh trilspmsshin jlcj`i qum, quilch vh`â cmsmbir qum h `njmltm rmnmoerm i`hltm`jomlths i`mr`i cm uo uoi tmoétj`i mspm`ïfj`i, prh`urm finir sherm tmois rmni`jhlichs7 `hoh phr mxmopnh, finir cm tmois mlvhnvmlch i jlfål`ji, hu finir ci jlfål`ji ch tmripmuti hu trizmr uo pmrshlikmo fj`tï`jh piri ibucir h `njmltm i i`mssir suis prðprjis nmoerilëis jlfiltjs. Mxmopnh2 @njmltm (@)2 Pjlth cjfj`uncicms cm nmoerir chs i`hltm`jomlths mlvhnvmlch ojlai

jlfål`ji. Smripmuti (S)2i`hltm`mrio Mu smj cm uoi pmsshi qum iprmsmltivi cjfj`uncicm. Yuilchois mnm mri pmqumlh, `hjsis cjfï`mjs, `hjsis qum imnmomsoi làh `hlsmkuji rm`hrcir, mnm `hlsmkuji nmoerir ci sui ms`hnjlai, chs népjs cm `hr, äs vmzms tjlai nmoerilëi cm inkuo erjlqumch.

 

(@)2 Nmoerir jsth ê fé`jn. (S)2 Pjo. @ho mnm, `homëhu issjo, cm fhroi fé`jn m smkuri, cmphjs mnm fhj nmoerilch oijs m oijs, nmoerilch smkuriomltm. (@)2 Nmoerh cm qum li ms`hni tjlai kirhths oijhrms qum mu m qum om eitjio. (i pirtjr cmsti issh`jiëàh h `njmltm rmskithu is omoðrjis cm ikrmssàh shfrjcis li sui jlfål`ji). =.;.5. Umkrmssàh i pirtjr cm sjlthois fïsj`hs m psïquj`hs Hs sjlthois finio cis ajstðrjis, cis omoðrjis, chs cmsifjhs, mlfjo ci chr ch `njmltm mo mxjstjr. [hhnkmr (9::1) m Oiths (supmrvjsàh) iphltio qum jltmlsjfj`ir h sjlthoi `hlcuz ih ipirm`jomlth ci sui ajstðrji. Tiri jsth, phcm-sm utjnjzir i fh`injziëàh ci itmlëàh `ho h iuxïnjh ci rmspjriëàh hu uoi nmvm prmssàh sherm h `hrph7 iquj, thchs hs `ujcichs êtj`hs cmvmo smr thoichs, mvjtilch sjtuiëýms qum rmtriuoitjzmo h `njmltm hu phssio smr oin jltmrprmtichs. Tiri hs psj`htmripmutis supri`jtichs, hs `hltmòchs qum momrkmo, i pirtjr ci jltmlsjfj`iëàh chs sjlthois, cmvmo smr trieinaichs piri fivhrm`mr i `itirsm, h fm`aiomlth cm  kmstints   m i cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh ch mu, tilth itrivês ci SUJ ([hhnkmr, hp.`jt.) `hoh ch Phlah  kmstints @itértj`h Cjurlh m ci tê`lj`i cm Ohrtm-Umlis`jomlth Tsj`hnðkj`h. (Oiths, 9:;5, 9::3). Mstis tê`lj`is lm`mssjtio cm uoi mstruturi mkðj`i oijs fhrtinm`jci piri h `hlfrhlth `ho i chr  psïquj`i, m cm uo eho ripphrt Mnjêkm Erilcàh m Pinmtm Omlmzms smkumo, prjl`jpinomltm, is iehrcikmls cm Oiths m [hhnkmr.

Iurjlh Fmrrmjri triz h mxmopnh, i smkujr, hlcm jltrhcuz prh`mcjomlths ci Ajplhtmripji Mrj`gshljili piri qum h `njmltm phssi fizmr iqumnm `hlfrhlth cm fhroi oijs prhtmkjci m suivm, rm`hrrmlch ih Mu Icunth `hoh suphrtm piri i `rjilëi frikjnjzici. H pi`jmltm qumjxi-sm cm uoi prhfulci hprmssàh lh pmjth. Msti hprmssàh h i`hopilai aé eistiltm tmoph m msté issh`jici i ohomlths hlcm mnm tmo omch cm pmrcmr h `hltrhnm. Mnm làh icojtm qum ljlkuêo h thqum lmsti érmi, finilch qum sui msphsi  smltm-sm rmbmjtici quilch tmlti th`é-nh m mnm làh pmrojtm, ipmsir cjssh cmjxé-nh eistiltm ilkustjich mnm làh `hlsmkum intmrir i sjtuiëàh. Phnj`jtich i fh`injzir i itmlëàh lmsti érmi ch `hrph h `njmltm smltm iuomltir sui tmlsàh, smlch mstjounich i jr joikjlilch i jltmlsjfj`iëàh ci prmssàh `ici ` ici vmz oijs. @njmltm (@)2 Pjlth omu pmjth tmlsh. @hoh sm fhssm mxpnhcjr. Smripmuti (S)2 Pmkuriomltm vh`â vij mxpmrjomltilch m pmrojtjlch mssi jltmlsjfj`iëàh, vh`â  vh`â  vij fizmlch i filtisji qum msti prmssàh vij iuomltilch oijs m oijs. @2 I prmssàh iuomlti oujth (`homëi i rmspjrir i`mnmrich, cilch sjlijs cm mltrici mo mstich iopnjich cm `hls`jâl`ji). S2 Pjki, jsth...oujth emo, vh`â msté jlch emo, `hltjlum. Pjki m vé om finilch h qum

msté sm pissilch `ho vh`â iï. @2 Is joikmls fj`io `hlfusis mo ojlai omltm. S2 Such emo. Mvjtm quinqumr bunkiomlth, ipmlis sjki njvrmomltm tuch h qum fhr  surkjlch.

 

@2 Smo uoi prmssàh, omu pmjth vij msthurir. (aé nékrjois ms`hrrmlch lh rhsth `hltriïch cm omch, rmspjriëàh i`mnmrici). S2 Vh`â phcm...prhtmkjciomltm, hesmrvir h qum msté i`hltm`mlch. Pjlti mssm pmsh  sherm vh`â iuomltilch oijs m oijs. H qum msté i`hltml`mlch quilch mnm msté iuomtilch. @2 Smo inkuêo sherm ojo (rm`ui h `hrph, iprmsmltilch uoi phsturi m fini jlfiltjs). S2 @rjilëi, vh`â phcm `ho i ibuci ch smu mu icunth finir h qum msté i`hltm`mlch ikhri. @2 I ohëi qum `ujci cm ojo msté tjrilch i rhupi m cmjtilch sherm ojo. Mu vhu  sufh`ir.   (`hltrij h `hrph ijlci oijs, rmvjvmlch i `mli cm ieush, rmspjri cm fhroi  sufh`ir. répjci). S2 @rjilëi, `ho i ibuci cm smu Mu Icunth vh`â phcm rmikjr. Vh`â phcm!.(tmripmuti `hnh`i psj`hcrioitj`iomltm uoi inohfici sherm h pmjth ch `njmltm, finilch qum mni  sjoehnjzi h ieusichr). @2 Piji cm `joi cm ojo, mu shu uoi `rjilëi. Jsth làh sm fiz (aé uoi ohvjomltiëàh `hrphrin cm rmiëàh, cm rmsjstâl`ji). Mu làh qumrh vh`â mo `joi cm ojo (`ho is oàhs i inturi ch pmjth prh`uri rmtjrir i inohfici). Piji... S2 Jsth, cjki2 sij cm `joi cm ojo... @2 Piji... (ohvjomlths cm fhrëi). Piji...Piji (rmspjri fulch m mopurri i inohfici). M rmpmtm2 siji (`ahri `hopunsjviomltm, iprmsmlti i fi`m m h `hrph rmnixichs). H tmripmuti fiz uo trieinah cm rmprhkrioiëàh ci `mli triuoétj`i, jl`nujlch i jcêji cm qum ê smkurh smr ioich. Jl`nuj h Mu Icunth `hoh `ujcichr ch mu `rjilëi. S2 Ikhri vh`â msté smkurh. Joikjlm qum smu Mu icunth sm iprhxjoi m `ujci cmsti `rjilëi. H qum vh`â qumr qum mnm fiëi piri qum vh`â sm sjlti oijs smkurh8! @2 Yum om phlai  phlai  lh `hnh, smkurilch h omu pmjth. (pým h `hrph mo uoi phsjëàh qum ieriëi uoi inohfici). S2 Jsth! Oujth eho. Vh`â phcm ikhri ms`hnamr `ho qumo vh`â qumr sm rmni`jhlir. Ê  smkurh... Vh`â siem qum qum    phcm sm prhtmkmr ikhri. Ljlkuêo vij nam fizmr oin. Pmkuriomltm vh`â phcm ms`hnamr qumo vij sm iprhxjoir cm smu `hrph...Ê smkurh. Vh`â ioir m smr ioich. =.1. SÊ@LJ@IP MLVHNVMLCH TUÉSJ@IP UMPTJUISÐUJIP Umspjrir `hlstjtuj-sm mo uoi fulëàh eésj`i piri hs smrms auoilhs, m sui sjopnj`jcicm ê uoi cis prjl`jpijs fhltms hlcm mstàh il`hrichs hs phtml`jijs cm `uri chs mxmr`ï`jhs trilspmsshijs. Aiejtuinomltm, làh mstiohs `hls`jmltms cis 9;.444 ojn vmzms qum, mo rmkri, rmspjriohs phr cji. M `hoh i rmspjriëàh ê uoi vji cm oàh cupni ch sjstmoi moh`jhlin, jlfnuml`jilch m smlch jlfnuml`jici pmnis mohëýms, thrlioh-lhs `ici vmz oijs injmlichs cm lðs omsohs.

 Lhsshs aéejths rmspjritðrjhs mrrólmhs m rmstrjths `iu `iusio sio uo i`òounh cm ir vj`jich lhs lhsshs punoýms,i prhvh`ilch thxjcicm smomnailtm ékuis mstiklicis lhs påltilhs. I tricjëàh yhkum mlfitjzi rmspjriëàh `hoh injomlth làh sði ch `hrph, ois tioeêo ch mspïrjth. Lhssis

 

 ,  mo såls`rjth. Yuilch cjomlsýms sutjs sàh lutrjcis pmni mlmrkji vjtin cmlhojlici  prili=1 ,  rmspjriohs, inêo ch hxjkâljh (qum vij lutrjr is `ênunis ch `hrph fïsj`h, `hoh h injomlth qum jlkmrjohs) ieshrvmohs tioeêo h rmfmrjch prili qum ê mlmrkji vjtin prmsmltm mo tuch qum msté vjvh. Iprmlcmr i rmspjrir `hrrmtiomltm làh shomltm cmsjlthxj`i h hrkiljsoh `hoh tioeêo  phcm oiljpunir h phcmr jltmrjhr, h `hltrhnm ci omltm omltm m cis mohëýms.  Li tricjëàh hrjmltin, mxjstmo vérjis tê`lj`is `ho cjvmrshs hebmtjvhs, jl`nusjvm inkuois `hopnmxis m qum sð phcmo smr mlsjlicis phr uo omstrm mxpmrjmltm, qum mstmbi mo prh`mssh jlj`jétj`h, piri h choïljh chs phcmrms psïquj`hs. Mltrmtilth, h tmripmuti hu pritj`iltm ci  psj`htmripji trilspmsshin utjnjzi tê`lj`is sjopnms `hoh is supri`jticis, lh smltjch cm trilqþjnjzir hu mlmrkjzir h `njmltm. Mo lhssi prétj`i, `hoprhviohs smr i rmspjriëàh `hls`jmltm uoi vji cjrmti cm i`mssh ih oulch jltmrjhr ch jlcjvïcuh thrlilch-h prmsmltm mo sj omsoh, ohejnjzilch `hltmòchs ch smu jl`hls`jmltm prhfulch m iopnjilch i `hls`jâl`ji piri hutris rminjcicms. Inêo cm iopnjir h fh`h, aé tê`lj`is rmspjritðrjis qum rmmqujnjerio mlmrkmtj`iomltm i pmsshi ipðs smu `hltith `ho mxpmrjâl`jis triuoétj`is, fizmlch-i rm`herir h phcmr sherm sj omsoi. Ê jophrtiltm, mltrmtilth, qum làh sm fiëi ush cm tê`lj`i cm rmspjriëàh quilch sm tmo uoi hu is cuis lirjlis hestruïcis phrqum phcm `iusir hu i`mltuir h cmsmqujnïerjh c msmqujnïerjh mlmrkêtj`h. ]tjnjzici piri i`inoir, iphjir m rmcuzjr ilsjmcicm, emo `hoh piri itjvir, jltmlsjfj`ir m cmsenhqumir sjlthois, smu phtml`jin ml`hltri-sm iopniomltm mstucich lis ms`hnis psj`hnðkj`is hrjmltijs m vmo kilailch `ici vmz oijs mspiëh li `unturi h`jcmltin. Iquj, hesmrviohs hs chjs  pðnhs `mltrijs hlcm i rmspjriëàh ê utjnjzici2 i) i`inoir i mlmrkji, hebmtjvilch h ebmtjvilch rmcuzjr ilsjmcicm m mstrmssm7 e) itjvir i mlmrkji, prhpj`jilch h cmsenhqumjh chs lðs psj`hfïsj`hs. =.1.9. Sê`lj`is rmspjritðrjis rmcuthris cm ilsjmcicm m mstrmssm Smo-sm phr prjl`ïpjh i`inoir uoi mlmrkji bé itjvici, eus`ilch jltmkré-ni lh fnuxh hrcjlérjh ci `hls`jâl`ji. =.1.9.9. Cjsshnvmr tmlsýms, chrms, cms`hlfhrth hu jl`óohchs nh`injzichs. Cmjtir-sm mo `hn`ahlmtm hu smltir-sm mo phntrhli `hlfhrtévmn. h `hrph thch cm fhroi prhkrmssjvi i pirtjr chsiprhfulcir omoerhs jlfmrjhrms itê i `iemëi. ]sir i Umnixir rmspjriëàh cjifrikoétj`i prhnhlkilch i mxiniëàh piri h rmnixiomlth. Fh`injzir i itmlëàh li érmi chnhrjci hu cms`hlfhrtévmn. Curiltm inkuo tmoph, h cms`hlfhrth phcm iuomltir. Ms`utm h qum smu `hrph msté finilch itrivês cmssm jl`óohch ‐  jl`óohch ‐  njlkuikmo  njlkuikmo qum mxprmssi lm`mssjcicm cm itmlëàh hu prhtmsth. Trhnhlkum i mxpjriëàh, smltjlch `hoh sm h ir mxpmnjch fhssm h prðprjh jl`óohch cjnujlch-sm. Trhssjki h mxmr`ï`jh itê cmsipirm`mr h jl`óohch.

=1

 Pmkulch i tricjëàh tihjsti, prili ê i mlmrkji vjtin, h jopunsh m i fhrëi qum prhohvm i oilutmlëàh ci vjci

lh uljvmrsh. Ê h prjl`ïpjh qum rmkm h ohvjomlth cm pmroilmltm trh`i mlmrkêtj`i, mltrm i cjomlsàh fïsj`i m hs `hrphs sutjs. Lh smr auoilh, `hlstjtuj-sm phtml`jinjzich lh suestrith vjtin mlmrkêtj`h liturinomltm itjvich `hls`jmltm. itrivês ci rmspjriëàh msphltålmi m jltml`jhlinomltm quilch chs prh`msshs cm rmspjriëàh Cmltrm tiltis hutris fhrois cm ieshrëàh cm Trili (tijs `hoh itrivês chs injomlths, ch shn m ci ékui), i rmspjriëàh ê i fhroi oijs sujn m, tinvmz, i oijs suestil`jin pmni quin sm mxtrij h Trili qum phr sui vmz ih smr `hlti`tich, iroizmli-sm lhs `ai`gris `ai`gris m  m phr mnms ê cjstrjeuïch phr thch h `hrph prhohvmlch rmvjtinjziëàh. rmvjtinjziëàh.

 

=.1.9.5. Ichtm mxpjriëýms rmkunirms

Is pmsshis ilsjhsis mstàh prmsis i picrýms `hopunsjvhs cm pmlsiomlths qum is mlrmcio mo uo `ïr`unh vj`jhsh. H ush cm piricis mstritêkj`is piri mxpjrir curiltm h cji phcm smr òtjn  piri trizmr i pm pmsshi sshi cm vhnti`hopunsjvh. ih prmsmltm.Pjountilmiomltm, Umjltmkrilch-i ihprhohvm-sm fnuxh ci rmspjriëàh, qumeri-sm chs phr inkuls ojluths h picràh h rminjilaiomlth  pmlsiomlths issh`jilch-sm mxpjriëàh i inïvjh cm tmlsàh, h qum hfmrm`m uoi njemriëàh ci ilsjmcicm. Um`homlci-sm ih pi`jmltm mxpjrir, phlch piri fhri is tmlsýms, curiltm x vmzms ih cji. I quiltjcicm cm vmzms cmvm smr cm i`hrch `ho is phssjejnjcicms ch pi`jmltm mo `uoprjr i tirmfi, `hltuch ê prmfmrïvmn jlj`jir `ho trâs vmzms ih cji, `hoh uo rmoêcjh.   =.1.9.0. Srâs rmspjriëýms `inoiltms

Srilqþjniomltm, fhqum i sui itmlëàh li rmspjriëàh. @inoiomltm, rmspjrm trâs vmzms. Trh`urm rmspjrir nmltiomltm m cmohriciomltm. @rjm uo rjtoh2 jlspjrilch nmltiomltm m prhfulciomltm, smkurm h ir phr inkuls smkulchs, m, cmphjs, mxpjrm rmnixilch, cmjxilch h ir sijr njvrmomltm, trilsfhroilch h smu `hrph m i sui omltm. H Nioi Ticoi Piltmo=:, uo krilcm omstrm eucjsti, mlsjli qum mstm rjtoh phcm smr i`hopilaich phr pinivris2

„Jlspjrilch, i`inoh h `hrph m tmlah piz.  piz.  Mxpjrilch, cmsfruth i emnmzi cmstm ohomlth. Jlspjrilch, i`inoh i omltm. Mxpjrilch, cmsfruth i piz cmstm ohomlth.‟  ohomlth.‟  =.1.9.3. @hl`mltriëàh sustmltici li rmspjriëàh. Vhntm i itmlëàh h `hrph m i phsturi. Pmltm-sm `ho is `hstis m usilch i `iemëiinohficis mrmtis. @ish mstmbi smltich mo uoipiri `icmjri, prh`urm i`hohcir-sm `hlfhrtivmnomltm li  pirtm eijxi cis `hstis, jsth injvjiré i tmlsàh sherm hs oòs`unhs m oiltmré h `hrph rmth. @ho is `hstis mrmtis, vhntm i itmlëàh piri h rmsth ch `hrph. Pjopnmsomltm rmnixm h oéxjoh qum pucmr. Umspjrm cmvikir uois phu`is vmzms piri ibucir lh prh`mssh cm rmnixiomlth. Mlquilth rmspjri, lhtm qum, quilch jliniohs h ir, h fiziohs itjviomltm7 h ir ê puxich piri cmltrh. @hltuch, piri mxpjrir m njemrir h ir, sð sm prm`jsi rmnixir. I `ici rmspjriëàh sm njemri i tmlsàh m sm rmnixi `ici vmz oijs. Ikhri, vhntm i itmlëàh piri i prðprji mxpmrjâl`ji ci rmspjriëàh. Lhtm qum is cuis oijs  prhmojlmltms smlsiëýms mstàh prhvivmnomltm lis lirjlis, phr hlcm mltri m sij h ir, m lh mstóoikh, hlcm sm phcm smltjr h ohvjomlth cm shem m cms`m ch iecóoml. Ms`hnai uois cmssis

érmis m cmcjqum-nam itmlëàh `hopnmti. Pjki is smlsiëýms ci rmspjriëàh, mo suis oucilëis m intmriëýms li mltrici m siïci ch ir, m h rmphush li ermvm piusi iltms ch jlï`jh ch `j`nh smkujltm. =:

 Omstrm ci tricjëàh eucjsti, mspm`jinjsti mo psj`hnhkji hrjmltin.

 

  @mch hu tircm vh`â cmspmrtiré cm sòejth, njkmjriomltm hfmkiltm pmni surprmsi, ih `hoprmmlcmr qum mstjvmri pmrcjch mo pmlsiomlths hu filtisjis, hu itê qum mstjvmri omcjtilch. Mssm ê uo prh`mssh liturin, ipmlis nmoeri qum lhssi omltm, mo trmjlh, sm ifisti ci rminjcicm. H  prh`mssh ê sjopnms. Umthrlm ä sui itmlëàh, `ho suivjcicm m `irjlah, vhntm äs smlsiëýms ci rmspjriëàh. Is filtisjis ipirm`mràh uoi `mltmli cm vmzms. H hebmtjvh ê pmroilm`mr `hls`jmltm lh ohomlth ci rmspjriëàh. I omltm vikumji jl`hls`jmltmomltm m rmkrmssi `hls`jmltmomltm. Làh sm bunkum lmo  bunkum i sui omltm phr suis tmlcâl`jis mrriltms. Ih jlvês cjssh, tritm-i m i vh`â omsoh `ho iohr suivm m rmspmjth, m `hltjlum `ho i itmlëàh vhntici piri i rmspjriëàh. rm spjriëàh. Jssh ê tuch qum sm prm`jsi. Làh sm tmo qum eitinair hu nutir `ho i omltm7 làh ê lm`mssérjh sm prmh`upir `ho i quinjcicm ch qum sm msté fizmlch. Pjopnmomltm rmnixm, pmrojti qum i itmlëàh rmphusm lis smlsiëýms ci rmspjriëàh m, quilch mni fukjr, triki-i cm vhnti. Ih fjlin ci smssàh, ieri hs hnahs cmvikir m hnam ä sui vhnti. Sinvmz lhtm qum sui vjsàh  pirm`m inkh oijs `niri, is `hrms, inkh oijs erjnailtms. Nmviltilch-sm cmvikir, vmbi sm phcm nmvir i `nirjcicm m i `inoi, phrvmlturi `untjvicis, piri is suis itjvjcicms m rmniëýms. =.1.9.=. Trjomjri rmspjriëàh, òntjoi rmspjriëàh. Ipðs icqujrjr mstiejnjcicm li prétj`i ci `hl`mltriëàh sustmltici li rmspjriëàh, mni phcm smr usici `hoh eism piri mxpnhrir mstichs cm `hls`jâl`ji cjvmrshs. Iquj viohs utjnjzé-ni piri trieinair i ilsjmcicm kmrici pmni mxpmrjâl`ji cm pmrci m ohrtm. @inoiomltm, joikjlm-sm `hoh uoi `rjilëi qum i`iei cm `amkir ih oulch. Pmltjlch-sm njemrich cis prmssýms ch òtmrh, vh`â vij rmspjrir pmni prjomjri vmz. Cmsfrutm cmsti prjomjri rmspjriëàh. @ici rmspjriëàh ê uoi mxpmrjâl`ji lhvi, prhfulciomltm mstjouniltm. Trhtmkjciomltm vh`â rmspjri m `inoiomltm cmsfruti msti mxpmrjâl`ji ih oéxjoh. Trh`urilch smltjr msti prjomjri rmspjriëàh rmpmr`utjlch phsjtjviomltm mo sui vjci, ierjlch lhvhs ahrjzhltms, mxpilcjlch sui omltm m smu `hrph. Ikhri, joikjlm qum h tmoph pissi m qum vh`â msté lh fjlin ci vjci. Vh`â `hopnmthu smu `j`nh vjtin m ikhri msté ohrrmlch, m, li sui joikjliëàh, msti rmspjriëàh cm ikhri, phcm smr i òntjoi. Cmcjqum iohrhsiomltm sui thtin itmlëàh i mstm ohomlth, pmrojti-sm hesmrvir hs  picrýms cm omch, ilsjmcicm m tmlsàh i`uounichs li sui omltm m lh smu `hrph. ]sm mstm ohomlth piri rmnixir, phjs làh aé oijs `ho h qum sm prm`upir. Mxpjrilch, vh`â phcm jr njemrtilch-sm ch tmohr, ch ipmkh hu ci prmh`upiëàh. I `ici rmspjriëàh, sjopnmsomltm njemrtmsm m pmr`mei qum tuch fiz pirtm cm uo ohvjomlth `ï`nj`h cm `urti hu cm nhlki curiëàh. Pjlti hs mfmjths cmssi mltrmki, piri inêo ci phssjejnjcicm cm rmspjrir m pmr`mei qum i vjci tmo uo ohvjomlth `hlstiltm, hlcm smoprm ê phssïvmn cmsfrutirohs ch prjomjrh hu ch òntjoh ohomlth cm `ici `j`nh. =.1.5. Sê`lj`is rmspjritðrjis itjvichris cm mlmrkji

prjl`ïpjh cmstis tê`lj`is qum mnis itjviom mjltmkrir prmssjhlio, eus`ilch ierjr mspiëh li rjkjcmz Hchs lðs psj`hfïsj`hs, piri êcmphjs i`inoir is mlmrkjis ohejnjzicis. Krhf (5444) cmsti`i qum2

 

„i rmspjriëàh ê uoi fulëàh iutólhoi, ois tioeêo phcm smr jlfnuml`jici pmni vhlticm. H iuomlth cmnjemrich ch `hopissh ci rmspjriëàh, tjpj`iomltm rmnixi is cmfmsis psj`hnðkj`is m nmvi ä njemriëàh m ä momrkâl`ji cm oitmrjijs jl`hls`jmltms (m supmr`hsl`jmltms).‟ (p.915)  (p.915)  iprmsmltirmohs cm utjnjzicis mxmr`ï`jhs qum prhfulciomltm is mlmrkjisI smkujr, psj`hfïsj`is, cmvmlch, uoi phr smquâl`ji jssh, smrmo phr itjvio prhfjssjhlijs qum bé sm sueomtmrio i mstis tê`lj`is m qum `hlamëio is mspm`jfj`jcicms cm suis cjlåoj`is. =.1.5.9. Umspjriëàh cm phcmr Jlcj`ici piri ohomlths hlcm h `njmltm lm`mssjtm mxpmrjml`jir uo iuomlth cm mlmrkji lh `hrph, prjl`jpinomltm ipðs vjvâl`jis rmkrmssjvis hu cm ohrtm-m-rmlis`jomlth ch mkh, qum sàh oujth jltmlsis. Jlstruëàh2 jlspjrir ripjciomltm pmnis lirjlis prhvh`ilch uo ruïch smomnailtm ih cm uoi iemnai. Làh rmtmr h ir. @hltjluir jlspjrilch cmsti fhroi phr inkuls jlstiltms m, mltàh, jlspjrir oijs uoi vmz, ripjciomltm, pmnis lirjlis prhvh`ilch uo zuoejlch smomnailtm ih  prhvh`ich li jlspjriëàh jlj`jin. Umpmtjr msti rmspjriëàh phr trâs vmzms. Ih tmrojlir, jlspjrir nmltiomltm, h ir phrê inkuo tmoph nmltiomltm lirjlis. Msti rmtmr rmspjriëàh jlcj`ici pirim mxpjrir iuomltir h `inhr pmnis ch `hrph itrivês ch iuomlth ci `jr`uniëàh silkuïlmi. Trhpj`ji uoi jltmlsi itjviëàh mlmrkêtj`i. Thcm smr su`mcjci phr uo tmoph cm smrmljziëàh ci omltm m ch `hrph, phjs prhvh`i i njemriëàh cm tmlsýms. =.1.5.5. Umspjriëàh piri shntir m itjvir tmlsýms Jlcj`ici piri ibucir lhs prh`msshs cm jltmkriëàh ch `njmltm lh iquj-m-ikhri, ibucilch i njemrir tmlsýms rmsjcuijs cis vjvâl`jis mo mstichs iopnjichs. Jlstruëàh2 Cm pê `ho is pmrlis njkmjriomltm ifisticis jlspjrir mnmvilch hs eriëhs piri frmltm m piri `joi. Umtmr h ir phr inkuls smkulchs. Mxpjrir ieijxilch ripjciomltm hs eriëhs m trhl`h piri frmltm. Mxpunsir h ir mlmrkj`iomltm pmni eh`i mojtjlch i sïniei „ai‟ inth m fhrtm.  fhrtm.   Msti rmspjriëàh ê `hltri-jlcj`ici piri ajpmrtmlshs, phjs iuomlti i `jr`uniëàh silkuïlmi m phssjejnjti i njemriëàh cm uoi krilcm cms`irki moh`jhlin. =.1.5.0. Ajpmrvmltjniëàh @hlsjstm lh iuomlth cmnjemrich ch rjtoh rmspjritðrjh. Kmrinomltm, mstm tjph cm rmspjriëàh ê phtml`jinjzich quilch mxm`utich pmni eh`i m pmnh lirjz `hlbultiomltm. M tmo uo mfmjth crioétj`h sherm i iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji. Hs mfmjths psj`hfïsj`hs cmstm prh`mssh, kmrinomltm cmlhojlich „sïlcrhom cm ajpmrvmltjniëàh‟ ê vjsth lh omjh trilspmsshin `hoh  prhpj`jichr cm uo prhfulch prh`mssh cm `uri, phjs itjvi h phtml`jin iuth-rminjziltm ch hrkiljsoh.

Krhf (5444) i`rms`mlti, ijlci, qum i `jâl`ji h`jcmltin tmo ilinjsich mstm fmlóomlh uljnitmrinomltm, rmcuzjlch-h i uoi omri mxprmssàh fjsjhnðkj`i, pithnhkjzilch suis oiljfmstiëýms fïsj`is m psj`hnðkj`is. Mo sjtuiëýms cm momrkâl`jis psjqujétrj`is is is sïlcrhoms  sïlcrhoms cm ajpmrvmltjniëàh,, tjcis `hoh pithnðkj`is, rm`memo trilqþjnjziltms hu sàh hfmrm`jchs si`hs cm ajpmrvmltjniëàh

 

 pipmn piri h pi`jmltm rmspjrir cmltrh, iuomltilch issjo i `hl`mltriëàh cm @H5 m rmcuëàh ci in`inhsm prhvh`ici pmnh iuomlth ch rjtoh ci rmspjriëàh. @hltuch, pmrcm-sm h phtml`jin `uritjvh cmsti mxpmrjâl`ji. Krhf (5445) cmsti`i qum, ipðs oujths ilhs cm mxpmrjâl`ji, `amkhu i `hl`nusàh qum2 „ê sufj`jmltm rmspjrirlhoijs répjch jltmrlh. m oijs mfj`jmltmomltm qum h lhroin m `ho thtin `hl`mltriëàh prh`mssh Ih jlvês cm ch mlfitjzir uoi tê`lj`i mspm`ïfj`i cm rmspjriëàh, smkujohs, omsoh lmssi érmi, i mstritêkji kmrin ch trieinah ahnhtrðpj`h2 `hlfjir li siemchrji jltrïlsm`i ch `hrph m i`hopilair is  pjstis jltmrlis.‟ jltmrlis.‟ (p.915)  (p.915)  Issjo li ajpmrvmltjniëàh h prjl`jpjh ê iuomltir cmnjemriciomltm m cm fhroi fh`ici i rmspjriëàh. =.:. CMPMLAH CH OILCINI @HOH UM@]UPH LI TPJ@HSMUITJI SUILPTMPPHIN Pmkulch Nêh Oiths64, cm fhroi iopni i pinivri oilcini msté issh`jici äs cjvmrsis oiljfmstiëýms cis „fhrois `jr`unirms‟ prmsmltms li liturmzi hu prhcuzjcis  prhcuzjcis   pmnh ahomo. Mtjohnhkj`iomltm msti pinivri ois`unjli rmohlti ih såls`rjth, iltjki nïlkui jlcjili, hlcm h  Oil qumr  Oil  qumr cjzmr `ïr`unh m Cini m Cini,, mssâl`ji, hu omnahr, mssâl`ji cm sj omsoh. Mo suis rmfnmxýms, Oiths (9::1) triëi uo pirinmnh mltrm i Fïsj`i Yuåltj`i m h smr auoilh piri mltmlcmr omnahr h qum rmprmsmlti h cmsmlah ch oilcini. Mnm iphlti qum, `hoh  piri i Fïsj`i Ohcmrli tuch msté jltmrnjkich luo `hltmxth cm uljcicm, m làh cm smpiritjvjcicm `hoh vâ i Fïsj`i @néssj`i lmwthljili-`irtmsjili, h jlcjvïcuh ê, mo rminjcicm, ]O `ho thch h ]ljvmrsh. M `hoh h ]ljvmrsh ê jlfjljth, i mssâl`ji ch smr auoilh ê i jlfjljtucm, rmprmsmltici lh oilcini pmnh `ïr`unh. Pinmtm Omlmzms (9:::, 5443) issjlini qum h cmsmlah ch oilcini moili i liturmzi trils`mlcmltm auoili. Mltmlci-sm iquj `hoh liturmzi trils`mlcmltm h phtml`jin jlmrmltm ä mssâl`ji auoili cm jr inêo ci vjsàh cm rminjcicm hrcjlérji cm smpiritjvjcicm. Hu smbi, i mssâl`ji phssuj liturmzi htrils`mlcmltm, ohch qum h oilcini ihmmoilir liturmzi êauoili uo rm`ursh piriuoi `hltitirohs @mltrh, h Pmnf cm , `hlfhrom iphltio Ciangm Oiths. tin Yuin i hrjkmo ch oilcini lh uljvmrsh8 Thcmr-sm-ji cjzmr qum i hrjkmo ch oilcini ml`hltri-sm piri inêo ch tmoph-mspiëh. Li @hsohkhlji cm vérjis `unturis, ml`hltriohs h oilcini sjoehnjzilch h prjl`ïpjh cm thci `rjiëàh (Ciangm, 9::=). Issjo, cmscm tmophs jomohrjijs, h oilcini sm iprmsmlti lh uljvmrsh cm cjfmrmltms ohchs, oiljfmstilch mo sj h  pirichxh ci uljcicm li cjvmrsjcicm, jlfjljtucm li fjljtucm, m issjo vâ-sm hutris tiltis rmfmrâl`jis issh`jilch h oilcini `hoh `mltrh phsth i rmfnmtjr h thch. Cmstm ohch, h smu sjoehnjsoh mvh`i h `mltrh qum msté mo lðs, mvh`i i ]ljcicm, `hlm`tilch h oj`rh`hsoh m h oi`rh`hsoh ih tmoph mo qum rmfnmtm i ioehs mlquilth rmkjstrh mxprmssjvh. Pmkulch Uþcjkmr Ciangm (9::=), mstucjhsh inmoàh, piri hlcm qumr qum lhs

trilsphrtmohs, h `mltrh mstiré smoprm rmprmsmltich cmltrh cm lðs, làh jophrtilch i êph`i hu is cjfmrmlëis `unturijs. Thcmohs itê lhs cms`hlm`tir `hls`jmltmomltm, mltrmtilth, mstm irquêtjph msté lh lhssh jl`hls`jmltm m smkujré `hlhs`h hlcm mstjvmrohs hu piri hlcm smkujrohs. 64

 „Smripji ci Irtm Srilspmsshin ch Oilcini‟, irtjkh làh-puenj`ich. làh -puenj`ich.

 

Smohs phr mxmopnh, li Eïenji, qum ê `hlsjcmrich uo chs rmkjstrhs rmnjkjhshs oijs iltjkhs, mssi jcêji ilhtici luoi iehrcikmo inkh jopmritjvi2 „Lh jlï`jh tuch mri vmreh, mltàh, fmz-sm fmzsm nuz‟. ]oi hutri rmfmrâl`ji, oijs iltmrjhr ijlci, phcm smr ml`hltrici lhs iltjkhs tmxths ajlcus, lhs quijs i hrjkmo ch uljvmrsh cmu-sm i pirtjr ch sho, chlcm sm jlfmrm qum phr trés cis  pinivris msté jopnï`jth uo sho m phr trés cmstm, uo oilcini, uoi vmz qum hlcis shlhris sm mxpilcmo mo fhroi cm msfmri, i pirtjr cm uo @mltrh. Vâ-sm qum surkm ciï i omsoi joikmo cm quilch sm nilëi uoi pmcri li ékui, smkujlch mssi ilinhkji, h sho sm nilëi lh mspiëh m lh tmoph, oiljfmstilch sui mlmrkji. Omsoh hs `jmltjstis ricj`inomltm oitmrjinjstis, qum iphltio i Smhrji ci mxpnhsàh ch  Ejk    Eilk   piri mxpnj`ir h jlï`jh ch uljvmrsh, `hl`hrcio qum i mxpnhsàh prhcuz fhrois rm`hlam`jcis `hoh oilcénj`is. H uljvmrsh ê, phjs, uo oilcini `hophsth cm jl`hltévmjs hutrhs oilcinis cis oijs cjvmrsis cjomlsýms. Li mstmjri cmssm mltmlcjomlth, tmohs suebi`mltm h  prjl`ïpjh ahnhkréfj`h lh quin rmphusi i ajpðtmsm cm qum `ici oilcini qum `hopým mssm thch jkuinomltm oilcénj`h, `hoh frikomlth qum ê ci ]ljcicm, rmfnmtm h Shch, m làh sð rmfnmtm `hoh triz mo sj m lh smu `mrlm, i phssjejnjcicm cm rmprhcuzj-nh jltmkrinomltm. Lmssm cjipisàh, `ici oilcini `hophrti h ]ljvmrsh, hu h Vmreh, hu h Shch, hu i ]ljcicm. Nhkh, `ici oilcini tioeêo `hophrti i ountjcjomlsjhlinjcicm, hu i cjvmrsjcicm. Ci ]ljcicm lis`m i ountjpnj`jcicm, phr trés cm thci ountjpnj`jcicm msté i ]ljcicm, tuch msté jltmrnjkich. ]o hutrh phlth nmviltich phr Ciangm qum omrm`m cmstiqum ih `hlsjcmrirohs h oilcini cjz rmspmjth ä jcêji cm ohvjomlth pmroilmltm, hu smbi, h fnuxh cm mlmrkji joilmltm ä prðprji fhroi oilcénj`i. Smohs, jl`nusjvm lh sjstmoi shnir, h rm`hlam`jomlth cm uo ohvjomlth `hlstiltm mltrm smus istrhs, qum sm cjspýmo luoi rmcm cm jltmrrmniëýms mlmrkêtj`is. Mnm lhs trilsphrti äs kinéxjis, äs lmeunhsis, ih sjstmoi shnir m fjlinomltm ä Smrri, qum tioeêo lhs rmomtm ä omsoi rmfmrâl`ji kmhoêtrj`i2 h oilcini.  Lhssh pnilmti msté rmpnmth cm h`milhs qum jl`numo khtis c‚ékui (oilcinis). Cis  pnilï`jms äs ohltilais tmohs mstruturis sðnjcis `hophstis cm ojlmrijs qum phssumo smus mnmomlths mstruturijs (`rjstijs), `ubis ohnê`unis phcmo smr jkuinomltm rmprmsmlticis phr oilcinis. Mo `hopnmomltiëàh i mssis `hlsjcmriëýms, rm`hrciohs i fiohsi fjkuri auoili li quin Ci Vjl`j cmsmlahu h ahomo `ho smus eriëhs m pmrlis iemrths, mo smus mstuchs cm ilithoji. Joikmo smomnailtm ê rmfmrmlcici phr Ciangm (hp `jt, p.03-0=) piri jnustrir h ahomo, cjki-sm  erjnailtmomltm, `ho `mltrhs oilcénj`hs mlmrkêtj`hs, hs `aigris `aigris   ( p. 913), rmnmoerilch h `irétmr mlmrkêtj`h ch oilcini m sui jltmrnjkiëàh `ho thch h ]ljvmrsh. Issjo, sinjmlti i rmniëàh oilcénj`i cm `hlmxàh ch ahomo `ho i liturmzi trils`mlcmltm trils`mlcmltm.. Sinvmz, Ci Vjl`j bé tjvmssm i  pmr`mpëàh iopni ci prhfulcjcicm ciqumni oiljfmstiëàh irtïstj`i, m itê phcmohs lhs irrjs`ir i cjzmr qum iqumni heri cm irtm phcm tmr sjch prhcuzjci luo ohomlth smu cm `iptiëàh ahnhkréfj`i ci `hlmxàh ahomo/uljvmrsh. Trhssmkujlch `ho is ilinhkjis, nmoermohs qum h smr vjvh ê `hophsth cm `ênunis (oilcinis). Lhs ahomls m iljoijs tmohs h lò`nmh qum ê oilcénj`h. Mlfjo, tuch lh ]ljvmrsh, jl`nujlch is `ênunis, ê `hophsth cm éthohs. @ici éthoh

tioeêo sm cjspým mo fhrois oilcénj`is. I Fïsj`i Pueitóoj`i pmsqujsi is pirtï`unis quåltj`is, omlhrms qum„hh éthoh, m qum rmomtmo tioeêo Hri, vmrcicmjrh `mltrh cm uo `ïr`unhäsê omsois h phlth‟,fhrois. qum „làh tmo cjomlsàh lmo nukir‟. (Ciangm, hp `jt, p.=). Tiri inkuois `unturis, h phlth rmprmsmlti Cmus, h Ieshnuth, h Shch m `hltêo tuch mo phtml`jin m cmnm lis`mo h `ïr`unh m i msfmri qum sàh is fhrois oiljfmstis. H

 

iuthr rmfhrëi, mltàh, qum thch oilcini triz uo phlth `mltrin vjsïvmn hu jlvjsïvmn, jsth ê irqumtïpj`h m sjoehnjzi i ]ljcicm, i Shtinjcicm, i Tmrfmjëàh. H rmfmrjch iuthr sinjmlti qum i prmsmlëi cm oilcinis mo mstruturis irqujtmtólj`is `hoh is rhsé`mis kðtj`is pirm`mo jlcj`ir tmltitjvis cm `uri, ohejnjzicis pmnh jl`hls`jmltm `hnmtjvh mo ohomlths cjfï`mjs ci auoiljcicm. Ml`hltriohs mxpnj`iëàh cmssm fmlóomlh mo Bulk (ipuc Pjnvmjri,9:19), quilch mnm sukmrm qum is joikmls msphltålmis oilcénj`is surkmo  pirtj`uniromltm mo sjtuiëýms cm `rjsm jltmrjhr m tâo uo phtml`jin tmripâutj`h, `hoh emo fulciomltich lis pmsqujsis ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin Tiri in`ilëirohs siòcm jltmkrin, iuthoitj`iomltm lhs nilëiohs mo eus`i ch lhssh `mltrh cm mqujnïerjh. H rmthrlh ch mlhrom jltmrmssm pmnhs oilcinis lh ohomlth ituin m smu ush `ici vmz oijs frmqþmltm lh choïljh cis irtms m ci omcjtiëàh pirm`m sm cir phr lhs ml`hltrirohs luo ohomlth cm trilsjëàh, hlcm hs irquêtjphs ch jl`hls`jmltm `hnmtjvh sàh i`jhlichs m lhs ohvjomltiohs mo eus`i cm intmrlitjvis piri quinjfj`iëàh m prhohëàh ci siòcm. Ciangm lhs rmomtm i phvhs prjojtjvhs jltmkrichs ä liturmzi (p.53=-536), hlcm i  prmsmlëi ch oilcini rmfnmtm-sm li `unturi, mstilch prmsmltm lis suis nmlcis m lh `htjcjilh ci ciss trjehs. Ê issjo qum mo rmkri mnms `hstuoio mxprmssir hs fmlóomlhs ci liturmzi. Mnms fizmo oilcinis li irmji, rmprmsmltilch i @rjiëàh li airohlji cis phnirjcicms. Such piri mnms rmomtm i oilcinis2 quitrh mnmomlths, quitrh phlths `ircmjis, quitrh fisms ci vjci, quitrh riëis auoilis, cmltrm hutrhs. Umvmrml`jio i liturmzi itrivês chs oilcinis. Hesmrvio-sm oilcinis qum rmprmsmltio h lis`jomlth, hutris i ohrtm. Ê cmssi fhroi qum is `houljcicms,  prjl`jpinomltm iltms ch icvmlth ci jlcòstrji, jlcòstrji, mvh`io i trils`mlcâl`ji.  Li tricjëàh hrjmltin, h oilcini ê uo vmï`unh piri `hl`mltrir i omltm cm ohch i pmrojtjr qum sm in`il`m inêo cm smus njojtms `hstuomjrhs (trils`mlcâl`ji). Hs tjemtilhs utjnjzio sïoehnhs prê-cmtmrojlichs li omcjtiëàh, piri `hltmopnir sui vmrcicmjri mssâl`ji. ]tjnjzio hs oilcinis cm irmjis `hnhrjcis mo h`isjýms mspm`jijs, m `hstuoio cmsfizâ-nhs rjtuinomltm piri mxmr`jtir h cmsipmkh m i jopmroilâl`ji. Hs ajlcus, smkulch Ciangm (p.535), tioeêo mvh`io oilcinis mspm`ïfj`hs piri hetmr mstichs mnmvichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, omcjtilch `ho Ziltris (oilcinis jltml`jhlinomltm fmjths `ho sïoehnhs mspm`ïfj`hs), `hoh piri i Cmusi Ginj, qum rmomtmo i ispm`ths shoerjhs, ä phnirjcicm cmstrutjvi ci `rjiëàh, qum tioeêo lhs `hlcuz ih `mltrh uljfj`ichr, h quin msté mo tuch. Tiri phvhs `hlsjcmrichs tàh cjfmrmltms `hoh sàh hs tjemtilhs, hs jlcjilhs, hs istm`is m hs oijis, i omcjtiëàh `ho oilcinis ipirm`m `ho h omsoh smltjch2 mnmvir h mstich cm `hls`jâl`ji piri itjlkjr i trils`mlcâl`ji, piri jr inêo ch oulch chs hphsths, cis ipirâl`jis. Hs smrms auoilhs khstio cm cilëir hu cm sm ohvjomltir oujtis vmzms mo thrlh cm uo `mltrh, uo mjxh ikrmkichr qum prhpj`ji i vjvâl`ji cm jltmkriëàh. I inmkrji ci `rjiëàh erhti cmstm mjxh m sm mxpilcm ih smu rmchr. I hesmrviëàh cm `rjilëis m icunths erjl`ilch `hlfjroi i ajpðtmsm cmssm mjxh ikrmkichr, mstmlcmlch-h ihs bhkhs. Thcm-sm cjzmr qum mnms pirtmo cm smu @mltrh Jltmrjhr, prhbmt prhbmtilch-h ilch-h lh ioejmltm. Mstm `mltrh vjrtuin njki hs mnmomlths ch kruph qum pissio i mxtrijr mlmrkji cmsti

`hlmxàh. Lhssh jl`hls`jmltm, ih eus`ir hs bhkhs piri sm mxprmssir, pirm`m trilsojtjr lhssi jlsmpiritjvjcicm. Yumr smbi li vinsi hu lhs rjtuijs cm phvhs il`mstrijs, `hoh cilëis `jr`unirms hu h kjrh mo thrlh cm uo `mltrh, msté prmsmltm h ohcmnh irqumtïpj`h ci lhssi vjci, cm fhroi qum i vjci ê issh`jici i uoi cilëi oilcénj`i. Issjo, cmscm is oijs rmohtis mris, utjnjziohs i cilëi

 

oilcénj`i `hoh uo rm`ursh piri itjlkjr mxpmrjâl`jis cm iopnjiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji. Lhssh jl`hls`jmltm msté mvh`ilch `hltjluiciomltm i trils`mlcâl`ji, smbi itrivês chs bhkhs, ci cilëi hu ci rminjziëàh cm uo oilcini ( Ciangm, p.;;-;1).  Lh Erisjn, i oêcj`i inikhili Ljsm ci Pjnvmjri (9:19) qum cjrjkju i smëàh cm tmripâutj`i h`upi`jhlin lh @mltrh Tsjqujétrj`h Tmcrh JJ (9:36  ‐  9:;3),   9:;3), cmpirhu-sm `ho i jophrtål`ji ci irtm piri i mxprmssàh cis mohëýms m h tritiomlth oijs auoiljtérjh i pi`jmltms psjqujétrj`hs,  pirtj`uniromltm msqujzhfrâlj`hs, lh Itmnjmr cm Tjlturi ciqumnm smthr. @homëhu i mstucir h fmlóomlh ci prhcuëàh msphltålmi cm oilcinis, i pirtjr cm 9:=;, eismilch-sm lhs trieinahs cm Bulk, qum `hlam`mu pmsshinomltm quilch ch JJ @hlkrmssh Jltmrli`jhlin cm Tsjqujitrji mo Rurjqum, 9:=;, hlcm tmvm i ahlri cm mxphr vérjis heris cm pi`jmltms erisjnmjrhs. Ciï mo cjiltm, is virjiëýms lhs oilcinis cm msqujzhfrâlj`hs, suis fulëýms hrcmlichris m `uritjvis, fhrio h `mltrh cm smu jltmrmsssm. Pjnvmjri hesmrvi li prétj`i h qum Bulk iphlti sherm hs oilcinis tmrmo mstruturi oitmoétj`i, rmssintilch h fith chs lòomrhs smrmo prjojtjvhs mnmomlths cm hrcmo li omltm auoili. „Hs lòomrhs, oijs qum quinqumr hutri `hjsi, ibucio i mstiemnm`mr hrcmo lh `ihs cis ipirâl`jis. Pàh jlstruomlths piri `rjir hrcmo hu iprmmlcmr uo irrilbh rmkunir hu hrcmliëàh bé mxjstmltm ois ijlci cms`hlam`jch.‟ (hp. `jt., p.==)  p.==)    Ljsm ci Pjnvmjri `hltjlui iphltilch i jophrtål`ji ch oilcini lh prh`mssh cm hrkiljziëàh psïquj`i, m h fiz cmsti`ilch Bulk2 „...h fith cm qum is joikmls ci thtinjcicm msphltilmiomltm prhcuzjcis pmnh „...h jl`hls`jmltm, hs sïoehnhs ch smnf she fhroi cm oilcini, tioeêo tâo mstruturi oitmoétj`i. Mo rmkri sàh quitmrljcicms hu smus oòntjpnhs. Mssis mstruturis làh sð mxprjomo hrcmo, mnis tioeêo `rjio hrcmo.‟ hrcmo.‟ (Bulk, ipuc Pjnvmjri, hp.`jt., p.==).  p.==).   Mssi moprmmlcmchri ounamr fulchu mo 9:=5, h Ousmu h Ousmu cm Joikmls ch Jl`hls`jmltm, Jl`hls`jmltm, `ho hs trieinahs ch Itmnjmr cm Tjlturi. I`rms`mlti-sm ijlci qum, mo 9:=6, mni ohlthu `ho iojkhs i @isi cis Tinomjris, uoi `nïlj`i cmstjlici ih tritiomlth cm mkrmsshs cm jlstjtujëýms  psjqujétrj`is, mo rmkjom cm mxtmrlith, hlcm pjhlmjri sm rminjzio njvrmomltmcmitjvjcicms mxprmssjvis.lh I rminjziëàh cmstis itjvjcicms i `hnh`i `hoh lh prh`mssh rmfhroi psjqujétrj`i Erisjn. Pjnvmjri tmstmoulahu mo sui prétj`i2 „ Is joikmls `jr`unirms hu prðxjois ih `ïr`unh càh fhroi ihs ohvjomlths jlstjltjvhs cm cmfmsi ci psjqum... cmscm qum h chmltm tmlai hphrtuljcicm cm cmsmlair m pjltir luo ioejmltm i`hnamchr. Jssh làh jlcj`iré qum, cmscm nhkh, i hrcmo psïquj`i smbi rmstiemnm`jci. Is joikmls `jr`unirms mxprjomo tmltitjvis, msehëhs, prhbmths cm rmlhviëàh‟. rmlhviëàh‟. (hp. p.==). (hp. `jt., p.==). I jophrtål`ji chs oilcinis lh prh`mssh tmripâutj`h thohu nukir oijs sjkljfj`itjviomltm, li cê`ici cm ;4, `ho i cjvunkiëàh lhs M.].I. cis pmsqujsis ci psj`ðnhki m

irtmtmripmuti cm Eintjohrm, Bhil Gmnnhk (Krhf, 9:11, p.515 m Oiths, 9::1, p.5), `ho eism mo smu trieinah `ho krilcms kruphs cm pi`jmltms psjqujétrj`hs. Mltrmtilth, Krhf rmssinti qum mssm trieinah phcm smr usich „ piri  piri   fi`jnjtir i jltmriëàh m i pirtjnai cm mxpmrjâl`jis cm pmqumlhs  kruphs‟‟ (hp. `jt. p.515).   kruphs p.515). 

 

  Gmnnhk cmsmlvhnvmu `rjtêrjhs piri uoi ilénjsm fhroin cmssms cmsmlahs, i pirtjr cm `hlam`jomlths bulkujilhs sherm irquêtjphs, sïoehnhs, `hrms m fhrois (Oiths, hp.`jt, 1-:). Krhf vmo utjnjzilch mssm rm`ursh cmscm suis pmsqujsis `ho psj`hcênj`hs. Oiths, curiltm smus itmlcjomlths m `urshs, vmo joprjojlch-nam uo `ulah pmsshin cm jltmrprmtiëàh rmsuntiltm cm suis mxpmrjâl`jis mo cjvmrsis `unturis m piïsms. Ipmsir ch ush `hrrmltm cmsti tê`lj`i, Krhf làh rm`hlam`m jltmjriomltm smu vinhr jnjojtich `hoh jlstruomlth tmripâutj`h jlcmpmlcmltm. Oiths, phr hutrh nich, ijlci qum sinjmltilch smu mspmti`unir iuxïnjh injich i hutrhs rm`urshs lh  prh`mssh tmripâutj`h (hp. `jt., pp.99-95) pp.99-95) ‐   ‐  `hoh   `hoh bhrlicis cm filtisji m mspm`jinomltm h Phlah @itértj`h Cjurlh  ‐   kiriltm qum mnm phcm smr oujth rj`h mxpmrjml`jinomltm `hoh rm`ursh iuthtmripâutj`h, smlch òtjn ijlci qum h `njmltm làh mltmlci lici sherm oilcini m lmo vmlai i tmr smus `hltmòchs jltmrprmtichs phr uo tmripmuti, piri phstmrjhr mniehriëàh `hls`jmltm . Krhf ( hp. `jt., p. 515) rmfmrm qum mssi tê`lj`i `hlsjstm lh submjth rm`memr uo pipmn `ho uo `ïr`unh msehëich lh `mltrh, cmvmlch cmsmlair njvrmomltm sherm h pipmn ci oilmjri qum nam iprhuvmr, `ho `riyhls `riyhls hu  hu `ilmtis ajcrhkréfj`is. Thcm smr quinqumr tjph cm cmsmlah. Nmh Oiths, lh mltilth, utjnjzi ipmlis kjz pistmn, cm prmfmrâl`ji i ðnmh, m h pipmn cm tioilah I-5 njsh hu cm tioilah I-0, `hoh oitmrjin oijs jlcj`ich piri rminjzé-nh (hp. `jt., p. :). Tirtjlch cm sui mxpmrjâl`ji `nïlj`i `ho hs oilcinis, mnm utjnjzi mstm rm`ursh `hoh uo `iojlah piri cir jlcj`iëýms cm quin lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji msté jltmrfmrjlch oijs fhrtmomltm li psjqum ch jlcjvïcuh lh ohomlth ch cmsmlah, smlch phr jsth uo mx`mnmltm fi`jnjtichr i`mr`i ci cjlåoj`i jl`hls`jmltm ch `njmltm. Mnm rm`homlci h pipmn I-5 `hoh omnahr qum h pipmn cm tioilah I-0 (ipmsir cm qum mstm tioeêo phcm smr usich), phrqum lh I-5 ê phssïvmn `hrtir uo pmciëh m cmjxé-nh mo fhroith quicrilkunir, oijs phcmrhsh piri sm hetmr hs mfmjths tmripâutj`hs, smkulch mnm, cm fi`jnjtiëàh ci trils`mlcâl`ji ch lïvmn `hl`mjtuin( hp. `jt., p. 95). =.:.9. I tê`lj`i ch cmsmlah ch oilcini lh `hltmxth ci psj`htmripji trilspmsshin  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h, pmrjlitin m trilspmsshin. trilspmsshin. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin hu krupin HEBMSJVH2 i`mssir oitmrjin chs cjvmrshs lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji7 fivhrm`mr jltmkriëàh cm `hltmòchs ohejnjzichs curiltm mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji m iuxjnjir h trieinah cm iuthtmripji. OISMUJIN2 pipmn I0 hu I5, hlcm sm fiz, lh smu `mltrh, uoi `jr`ulfmrâl`ji mo krifjtm `ho iprhxjoiciomltm 5= `o cm cjåomtrh. Kjz pistmn i ðnmh, prmfmrâl`ji cm 06 `hrms hu oijs. JLPSU]ËÀH Cjsphr hs oitmrjijs piri `hlfm`ëàh ch oilcini i sui frmltm. Hnailch inkuls ohomlths  piri mstm oitmrjin, prh`urilch fizmr `hltith, smltjlch-hs `ho is phltis chs cmchs, `hom`m `inoiomltm fh`ilch h `mltrh ch `ïr`unh m ms`hnamlch i `hr, hu `hrms, qum omnahr mxprmssm hs smus smltjomlths, pmlsiomlths m mohëýms lmstm ohomlth, prh`urm `rjir njvrmomltm uoi fjkuri. H qum vjmr mxprmssm njvrmomltm lh pipmn.

Mltrm mo `hltith `ho msti fjkuri jlj`jin, prh`urilch smltï-ni. Lh smu rjtoh prh`urm `hltjluir h cmsmlah ch oilcini i pirtjr ci fjkuri jlj`jin. Vh`â phcm pirir li njlai ch `ïr`unh hu jr inêo cmni, h jophrtiltm ê rminjzir h cmsmlah ch `mltrh piri is mxtrmojcicms. Mstm cmsmlah làh

 

rmqumr aiejnjcicms irtïstj`is hu quinqumr `ipi`jcicm piri cmsmlair, ipmlis mxprmssm njvrmomltm lh pipmn, utjnjzilch `hrms, tuch h qum smltm, pmlsi hu joikjli j oikjli `ho hu smo fhrois mspm`ïfj`is. Pm vh`â smltjr lm`mssjcicm cm fizmr oijs cm uo oilcini, fiëi-h. I òlj`i rmkri ê pirir shomltm quilch smltjr qum h trieinah msté `hopnmth. Yuilch tjvmr tmrojlich, `hnhqum lh vmrsh uoi smti jlcj`ilch h smltjch ch cmsmlah, smu lhom, i citi m, mo `ish cm fizmr vérjhs oilcinis, ê jophrtiltm luomré-nhs lh vmrsh, `hnh`ilch-hs mo hrcmliëàh cm mxm`uëàh. Thr fjo, sjlti-sm njvrm piri smkujr hu làh mstis jlstruëýms69. =.94. MQMU@Ï@JHP CM CMPJCMLSJFJ@IËÀH CI I]SH-JOIKMO Hs trâs mxmr`ï`jhs i smkujr fhrio cmsmlvhnvjchs piri fnmxjejnjzir i lhssi iuth-joikmo i  pirtjr ch ush cm mstritêkjis cm cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh. cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh. =.94.9. Mxmr`ï`jh ci emrnjlci  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 krupin HEBMSJVH2 trieinair iuth-joikmo, iutmltj`jcicm m trilspirâl`ji. UM@]UPHP SÊ@LJ@HP2 oòsj`i iljoici piri cilëir i chjs, `aipêu. JLPSU]ËÀH Jlj`ji-sm `ho is pmsshis ch kruph ms`hnamlch inmithrjiomltm uo pir. H jcmin ê qum h quiltjtitjvh ch kruph smbi mo lòomrh ïopir, piri qum inkuêo phssi `homëir `ho h `aipêu li oàh m, ipðs uo tmoph `hoh phrtichr ch `aipêu mo omjh ihs pirms qum bé cmvmo mstir cilëilch ih sho ci oòsj`i, `hnh`ir h `aipêu li `iemëi cm uo ciqumnms qum mstjvmr cilëilch m  pissir, mltàh, i issuojr h smu nukir.H lhvh phrtichr ch `aipêu rmpmtm h prh`mcjomlth, cilëilch `ho hutri pmsshi qum sm shnti ch smu pir m vij `ho iqumnm qum `amkhu. M issjo hs cilëiltms smkumo, itê qum h tmripmuti, qum cmvm mstir cm `hstis piri h kruph, fiz i oòsj`i  pirir, quilch, mltàh, iqumnm qum fj`hu `ho h `aipêu vij piri i emrnjlci. emrnjlci. 9ª rhcici  ‐   H fi`jnjtichr jlfhroi qum ikhri `ici mnmomlth ch kruph vij ms`rmvmr mo uoi pinivri hu frism h qum nam ikrici hu uoi vjrtucm cm qumo msté li emrnjlci. Ms`rmvm mo sjnâl`jh. Ikhri, `ici pmsshi vij finilch, m h qum mstjvmr li emrnjlci (`ho népjs m pipmn li oàh) làh phcm cir lmlauo  fmmcei`g , lmo hrinomltm, lmo `ho mxprmssýms fi`jijs/`hrphrijs, cm `hl`hrcål`ji hu cjs`hrcål`ji ch qum msté smlch cjth. Ipðs thchs sm oiljfmstirmo, h fi`jnjtichr phcmré sukmrjr uo phu`h cm sjnâl`jh (tjph 9 ojluth) m, mltàh, jlfhroi qum qumo msté li emrnjlci phcmré cir fmmcei`g  cir  fmmcei`g  cm  cm `hoh sm smltju, sm `hl`hrci hu làh, sm sm vâ `ho iqumni joikmo j oikmo qum h hutrh tmo cmnm, hu làh. H fi`jnjtichr iprhvmjti piri cjzmr qum oujtis cis `hjsis qum vmohs lh hutrh, oujtis vmzms mstàh mo lðs omsohs, m h hutrh làh sm vâ lmo sm smltm issjo. Ois, sm uo lòomrh sjkljfj`itjvh cm pmsshis lhs pmr`mem cm uoi oilmjri qum làh itjléviohs iltms, ê eho rmfnmtjr sherm jssh, phjs mssms ispm`ths phcmo mstir li cjomlsàh ci lhssi shoeri pmsshin.

69

 Msti òntjoi `hnh`iëàh hebmtjvi `mltrir h pi`jmltm li rminjziëàh ch oilcini, cmsnh`ilch phssïvmjs fjxiëýms li jlstruëàh.

 

5ª rhcici ‐  rhcici  ‐  H   H fi`jnjtichr jlfhroi qum ikhri `ici uo ch kruph vij ms`mvmr inkh cm qum làh khsti lh hutrh, hu itjtucms jlicmquicis, hu mxprmssýmm qum `hlsjcmri cmsikricévmn. (tmoph2 iprhxjoiciomltm 5 ojluths mo sjnâl`jh). H fi`jnjtichr jlcj`i piri qum uoi i uoi cis pmsshis vàh sm oiljfmstilch mo rmniëàh ih ispm`th cmsikricévmn hu qum `hlsjcmrio lmkitjvh lh hutrh. H fi`jnjtichr `aioi i itmlëàh piri i jophrtål`ji ci sjl`mrjcicm, iutmltj`jcicm m jltmrmssm `hlstrutjvh lmstm ohomlth. Itmlti piri qum, lhviomltm, qumo msté li emrnjlci ms`utm smo fmmcei`g  smo  fmmcei`g  cm  cm lmlauoi mspê`jm m vé ilhtilch suis hesmrviëýms luo pipmn, ci omsoi fhroi ci 9ª rhcici. Ih têrojlh, h fi`jnjtichr mstjouni h prh`mssh cm `hopirtjnair hs smltjomlths m hpjljýms, mltrm qumo msté li emrnjlci m qumo msté lh kruph, mvh`ilch rmfnmxýms sherm is lhssis prhbmëýms m i jophrtål`ji cm `ici uo vmr h qum q um cjssm sherm h hutrh mo rmniëàh i sj omsoh, m cm qumo msté li emrnjlci tioeêo rmfnmtjr sherm i joikmo qum msté pissilch piri hs hutrhs. ]oi virjiëàh cmssi tê`lj`i, surkjci ci prðprji prétj`i, vmo i smr, ih fjlin, uoi rmfnmxàh mo sjnâl`jh `ho sukmstàh ch tmripmuti `hlvjcilch h kruph piri rmpmtjr omltinomltm2 mu tmlah  pirtm cm vh`â (piusi) vh`â tmo pirtm cm ojo (piusi) rmpmtjlch phr trâs vmzms (sð h tmripmuti fini). Ipðs i òntjoi piusi, thchs rmpmtmo mo vhz inti, phrêo, mo tho suivm, i omsoi smqþâl`ji phr trâs vmzms, jl`nujlch is piusis,qum phcmo smr oir`ici phr uo nmvm thqum cm sjlh, tjph2 mu tmlah pirtm cm vh`â (piusi)... thqum ch sjlh, vh`â tmo pirtm cm ojo (piusi)... thqum cm sjlh. =.94.5. Mxmr`ï`jh cm prhbmëàh chs `jl`h pipêjs (vjvml`jich itrivês cm Nêh Oiths, mo smus `urshs, `ho iciptiëàh chs iuthrms).  LÏVMN2 psj`hcjlåoj`h. SJTH CM ITNJ@IËÀH2 jlcjvjcuin (virjiëàh) hu krupin Virjiëàh2 ipnj`ici jlcjvjcuinomltm, pmcm-sm qum i pmsshi triki ä sui frmltm, li joikjliëàh, uoi pmsshi lmutri, i quin làh sm `hlam`m cm pmrth. M prh`mcm-sm `hoh sm mni mstjvmssm inj. I smkulci mtipi làh ê fmjti. HEBMSJVH2 `aioir i itmlëàh piri h ush `hlstiltm ci prhbmëàh mo lhssi vjci m piri i fhroiëàh cis joikmls qum tmohs chs hutrhs, itrivês cmssm om`iljsoh. Nmvir ä `hls`jâl`ji i fhroi `hoh i pmsshi msté sm prhbmtilch li sui prðprji pmr`mpëàh cis hutris pmsshis. JLPSU]ËÀH HEP2 Làh jlfhroir h lhom ci tê`lj`i iltms ch têrojlh, piri làh jltmrfmrjr lh prh`mssh. 9ª Mtipi2 @iojlamo hnailch lhs hnahs uls chs hutrhs, m ms`hnaio uo pir`mjrh. Ms`hnaio inkuêo `ho qumo vh`âs ijlci làh tmlaio tjch oujth `hltith m fhromo cupnis. Pmltmo-sm mo frmltm ih pir`mjrh ms`hnajch. Umspjrmo. Umnixmo, oiltmlaio i phsturi mrmti. Hnamo-sm lhs hnahs, mo sjnâl`jh. H qum vh`â smltm phr msti pmsshi qum sm ml`hltri cjiltm cm vh`â8 @hoh mni nam pirm`m8 Joikjlm `jl`h pipêjs qum vh`â filtisji qum mni cmsmopmlai lh smu cji-i-cji (oàm, pij,

 prhfjssjhlin, ounamr, ahomo, ahomo, mstuciltm, chli cm `isi, oirjch, msphsi, mt`.) Joikjlm mssi pmsshi cmsmopmlailch mssms pipêjs, mo sui vjci cjérji, ch oijs jophrtiltm ih omlhs jophrtiltm (= ojluths). Pjlti, joikjlm, `hoh h smu pir`mjrh sm smltm mo rmniëàh i mssms pipêjs.

 

  Ikhri, vh`â fiz i filtisji cm qum mssi pmsshi cmjxhu cm mxmr`mr uo i uo, iqumnms `jl`h  pipêjs, ch omlhs jophrtiltm ih oijs jophrtiltm. Tmr`mei h smltjomlth ch smu pir`mjrh ä omcjci qum mnms vàh smlch rmtjrichs. Vjsuinjzm, pissh i pissh, `hoh fj`i h `htjcjilh cmnm smo mssms `jl`h pipêjs qum vh`â nam itrjeuju. 5ª Mtipi2 Thr inkuls smkulchs, ierio hs hnahs m hnamo cjrmtiomltm lhs hnahs cm smu pir`mjrh. Umpjtio omltinomltm vérjis vmzms2 M] PH]. M] PH]... Fm`amo hs nahs lhviomltm. Yuin h iprmlcjzich qum vh`â triz cm tuch jssh8 H qum vh`â  pmr`mem ikhri8 @hoh vh`â sm smltm phr mssi pmsshi pmsshi cjiltm cm vh`â ikhri8 0ª Mtipi2 Ikhri, mo sjnâl`jh, vh`âs vàh ierjr hs hnahs m cmsmlair lmsti fhnai cm pipmn, h qum vh`âs smltjrmo vhlticm. (cm prmfmrâl`ji fizmr uo oilcini). 3ª Mtipi2 Ikhri qum thchs tmrojlirio h cmsmlah, `hopirtjnamo `ho smu pir`mjrh hu kruph i sui mxpmrjâl`ji7 iquj, h hutrh vij `hlfjroir hu làh is suis joprmssýms. (9= ojluths). =.94.0. Cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh cm pmrshlikmls jltmrlinjzichs hu suepmrshlinjcicms Nêh Oiths (9:;;, 9::3, 9::=i), jlspjrich li tê`lj`i ci aht   smit   ci tmripji Kmstint , cmsmlvhnvmu uoi tê`lj`i piri trieinair `ho iuth-joikmo m lïvmn psj`hcjlåoj`h, itrivês cm joikmls jltmrlinjzicis. Piemohs qum ih nhlkh ch prh`mssh cm cmsmlvhnvjomlth psj`hnðkj`h, jcmltjfj`ioh-lhs `ho cjvmrshs pmrshlikmls m smus hphsths, cm fhroi qum mstms pissio oujtis vmzms i h`upir uo nukir cm cmstiqum lis lhssis jltmriëýms psïquj`is. Tmrshlikmls `hoh i `rjilëi fmrjci, h ichnms`mltm rmemncm, h cjfï`jn, h fmjh, h ehlzjlah mt`., phvhio h jl`hls`jmltm, crmlilch i mlmrkji `rjitjvi m h phcmr cm `rms`jomlth ci pmsshi. Vjsilch trieinair `ho mstms pmrshlikmls jltmrlinjzichs sukmrjohs ih `njmltm uo cjénhkh, hebmtjvilch trieinair prjl`jpinomltm h lïvmn  psj`hcjlåoj`h lis prhenmoétj`is qum mlvhnvmo i iuth-joikmo m hs rmni`jhliomlths, phcmlch `ho jssh tioeêo i`mssir @HMQs rmni`jhlicis i lïvmjs pmrjlitijs m trilspmsshijs. Cmltrh ci pmrspm`tjvi ci tê`lj`i aht   smit, iciptici smit, iciptici piri i psj`htmripji trilspmsshin phr Nêh Oiths, inêo ci `itirsm m mxprmssàh chs smltjomlths ci tê`lj`i ci Kmstint aé i pmrouti cm nukir qum phssjejnjti ih `njmltm, itrivês cm uoi mspê`jm cm psj`hcrioi, uoi vjvâl`ji oijs jltmlsi chs smltjomlths7 h psj`htmripmuti tioeêo jltmrfmrm hfmrm`mlch lhvis phssjejnjcicms  piri i rmshnuëàh ch `hlfnjth. Jsth pirm`m fivhrm`mr h su`mssh cmsti tê`lj`i rmfhrounici, phjs, fi`jnjti ih `njmltm `hlti`tir smu prðprjh Pmnf  hu  hu @mltrh uljfj`ichr m prhohvmr oijs fi`jnomltm i trils`mlcâl`ji chs `hlfnjths hu fm`aiomlth cis  kmstints  kmstints.. Thcm-sm trieinair lh cjénhkh `ho  pmsshis ch ohomlth ituin ch `njmltm2 msphsi cjiltm ch oirjch, oàm m fjnah mt`. hu `ho fjkuris jltrhbmticis cm uo pissich oijs cjstiltm2 smu ispm`th `rjilëi `ho i fjkuri cm sui oàm li êph`i mo qum tjlai smjs ilhs, h inulh ichnms`mltm `ho h prhfmsshr mt`.  Li vmrsàh cm Nêh Oiths, `aioici phr mnm cm „„aht  aht   smit  smit  trilspmsshin‟(9:;6),

mssml`jinomltm utjnjzici piri h `hltmxth chs `hlfnjths ci prðprji iuth-joikmo (9::=i, 9::=e), sukmrm-sm qum sm filtisjm uo cjénhkh `ho hs chjs pðnhs ch `hlfnjth. Thr

 

mxmopnh2 h eho fjnah vmrsus h oiu fjnah qum mstàh kumrrmilch cmltrh cmnm7 hu i pmsshi qum sm smltm `ipiz vmrsus h smu ispm`th jl`ipiz m jlsmkurh mt`. H prjl`ïpjh eésj`h cmsti tê`lj`i cm cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh ê mstjounir h cjénhkh `ho hs pðnhs ch `hlfnjth, smbio ispm`ths ch prðprjh mu ch `njmltm hu sui rmniëàh `ho pmsshis vjvis hu ohrtis. (Oiths 9::=i). H psj`htmripmuti trilspmsshin itui, issjo, smkulch mstm ohcmnh, piri prhohvmr i `mssiëàh ci nuti jltmrli, h i`hrch jltmrlh, ih fjlin ch qum hs chjs ispm`ths jrrm`hl`jnjévmjs fjlinomltm sm ulmo mo uo sð Pmr, cjsshnvmlch i cjssh`jiëàh m  prmvmljlch i frikomltiëàh ci pmrshlinjcicm, pmrshl injcicm, qum phcmrji icvjr cm jltmlsis sjtuiëýms `hlfnjtjvis jltmrlis.

Iopnjiohs msti tê`lj`i piri h cjénhkh `ho irquêtjphs, fivhrm`mlch ih `njmltm qum  pmr`mei hs krilcms picrýms cm rmpmtjëàh cm sui vjci, emo `hoh piri smrvjr cm suphrtm piri itjvir hs phtml`jijs `rjitjvhs ch smr. @hoh phr mxmopnh, h cjénhkh `ho h irquêtjph ch ‑Péejh jltmrjhr‚ ibuci i fhrtinm`mr i iuth`hlfjilëi lis suis prðprjis jcêjis, i mltrir mo `hltith `ho hs ispm`ths séejhs ci omltm jl`hls`jmltm, jl`hls`jmltm, mlquilth qum h `hltith `ho h irquêtjph ch ‑Kumrrmjrh‚ itjvi h phtml`jin cm nuti, cm `ipi`jcicm piri rmikjr äs icvmrsjcicms. JLPSU]ËÀH Trhpým-sm uo cjénhkh `ho h qum `aioiohs iquj cm pmrshlikmls jltmrlhs, omsoh lhs rmfmrjlch i ispm`ths ci iuth-joikmo ch `njmltm. H cjénhkh phcm smr rminjzich ih mstjnh ci ‑`icmjri vizji‚ ci kmstint  ci  kmstint , `ho h `njmltm rmvmzilch h nukir `ho h smu pmrshlikmo, hu lh mstjnh cm psj`hcrioi jltmrlh, fizmlch i trh`i smo oucir cm nukir, trh`ilch ipmlis jltmrliomltm, li joikjliëàh. Mssis cuis oilmjris sàh iprhvicis phr Nêh Oiths li sui tê`lj`i, rmpissici ihs smus inulhs lhs smus `urshs cm fhroiëàh li iehrcikmo trilspmsshin. Iurjlh Fmrrmjri ichti tioeêo, li sui prétj`i `nïlj`i, i fhroi ch tmripmuti issuojlch h pipmn hri ch pmrshlikmo, hri ch `njmltm, jlspjrici li tmripji sjstâoj`i cm Emrt Amnnjlkmr. Mnm inmrti qum mstm òntjoh ohch rmqumr uoi krilcm mxpmrjâl`ji ch tmripmuti piri cmsjcmltjfj`ir-sm cis prhbmëýms, emo `hoh uoi ehi pmr`mpëàh ci cjlåoj`i ch `ish, piri qum h tmripmuti làh vmlai i hfmrm`mr suis  prðprjis rmsphstis. Thr msti rizàh, mnm rm`homlci `hlam`mr oijs sherm h pmrshlikmo m quin sui fulëàh lh sjstmoi cm kilahs ch `njmltm.

 Mxmopnh2 Tmcrh, 55 ilhs, qumjxilch-sm cm cjfj`uncicm cm rmni`jhliomlth `ho smu pij. H „fjnah pmrfmjth‟ momr   kju `hoh pmrshlikmo `mltrin ch `hlfnjth jltmrlh. Mnm surkju  piri itmlcmr i uo pij mxjkmltm m ikrmssjvh m prhtmkm h `njmltm `njmlt m ch omch cm ieilchlh. Smripmuti (S) ‐  (S)  ‐   Vh`â joikjli qum h pmrshlikmo „Tmcrh, h fjnah pmrfmjth‟ msté  smltich ikhri i sui frmltm. H qum vh`â khstirji cm nam cjzmr ikhri8

 

  @njmltm (@) (@) ‐   ‐  Ê  Ê mstrilah om joikjlir issjo... Vh`â ê thch `mrtjlah. Pui vjci ê sð  piri prhvir i smu pij qum vh`â ê eho, ois jsth om `ilsi, phrqum mu làh tmlah mspiëh  piri mrrir. Msthu `ilsich. (S)  ‐   Ikhri sm smltm lmstm hutrh nukir (jlcj`i `icmjri ä frmltm ch `njmltm) m joikjlm qum vh`â sm thrli „h fjnah pmrfmjth‟ m qum i`iei cm ms`utir mstis pinivris ch  Tmcrh. (@)  ‐   Mu khsth cm smr `mrtjlah, vh`â làh tmo lici `ho jssh, i vjci ê ojlai, `ujcm ci sui, làh sm omti. (S)  ‐   Srhqum cm nukir m vhntm piri h nukir cm Tmcrh. Tmcrh h qum vh`â smltm quilch „h fjnah pmrfmjth‟ nam cjz jsth8  jsth8   (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Uijvi...  Uijvi... Vh`â qumr smoprm kilair, ois i`iei mrrilch m pmrcmlch tuch, li eus`i ci pmrfmjëàh vh`â fj`i `ho lici. (itê iquj h tmripmuti usi ci tê`lj`i `hoh „`icmjri vizji‟).  vizji‟).  (S)  ‐Mu ikhri firmj h smu pipmn ch „fjnah pmrfmjth‟. (iprhvmjtilch i mlmrkji ohejnjzici pmni rijvi, h tmripmuti `homëi i issuojr uo chs pipêjs intmrliciomltm).  ‐    Mu khsth cm smr `mrtjlah, fjqum li sui, vh`â làh l àh tmo lici `ho `h o jssh, i vjci ê ojlai, làh  sm omti. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐   Ois Ois vh`â i`iei pmrcmlch `ho msti rjkjcmz m fj`i jlfmnjz, lici li sui vjci cé `mrth. Vh`â làh `hlsmkum sm rmni`jhlir `ho ljlkuêo, i`iei smoprm sð. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  I  I vjci ê ojlai, mu shu cmssm bmjth m prhlth. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Ois  Ois vh`â fj`i smoprm sð. (trjstmzi li vhz, hnahs moeiëichs). (S) ‐  (S)  ‐   Vh`â ikhri sm thrli h „fjnah pmrfmjth‟ m mu smrmj vh`â. Vh`â làh pmr`mem qum `ho msté rjkjcmz vh`â i`iei smoprm sð. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Ê  Ê sð ci ojlai `hlti. Phzjlah mu làh shfrh. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  Ois  Ois cðj smr sð. (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Ê  Ê trjstm smr sð, làh smr ioich (`ahri) (S)  ‐   Vh`â làh prm`jsi smr pmrfmjth piri smr ioich. Vh`â qumr ojlai `hopilaji8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Pjo,  Pjo, mu `ilsmj cm smr pmrfmjth. (S)  ‐   Ikhri vh`âs vhntio i smr uo sð. Vh`â fm`ai hs hnahs m sm joikjli ml`hltrilch h smu pij (psj`hcrioi jltmrlh). H qum vh`â khstirji cm nam cjzmr8 (tmo jlj`jh uo cjénhkh `ho i fjkuri pitmrli mxjkmltm jltrhbmtici). (@) ‐  (@)  ‐ @ilsmj @ilsmj cm smr pmrfmjth, qumrh ipmlis smr ioich. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  H  H qum mnm nam rmsphlcm8 Mnm qumr ioir vh`â hu làh8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐   Mnm Mnm qumr ioir sjo, ois mnm tmo h bmjth cmnm. Mnm tioeêo làh fhj ioich, làh iprmlcmu i mxprmssir ifmth. Pmu pij mri uo `homr`jiltm ch jltmrjhr, oujth rjkhrhsh m qumrji qum thchs hs fjnahs cmssmo uo eho mxmopnh li vjci. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  @hoh  @hoh mnm qumr nam ioir8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Tikilch  Tikilch omus mstuchs, mstilch prmsmltm. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐  M  M `hoh vh`â phcm cmohlstrir smu iohr phr mnm8

(@)  ‐  Mu   Mu phssh `amkir bulth, i`mjtir qum mnm tioeêo làh ê pmrfmjth. I`mjtir h  bmjth `hoh mnm phcm om cir iohrjssh. ikhri. (S) ‐  (S)  ‐   Joikjlm-sm  Joikjlm-sm fizmlch @amkilch bulth... i`mjtilch h bmjth cmnm... Cilch m rm`memlch iohr... usm i joikjliëàh piri `urir tuch qum prm`jsm smr `urich lmsti rmniëàh. M quilch jsth i`hltm`mr, vh`â om ivjsi...

 

(@) ‐  Pjo. (@) ‐   Pjo. (S)- @hoh vh`â sm smltm ikhri8 (@) ‐  (@)  ‐  Emo.   Emo.  Oiths (9::3, 9::=i) cmsmlvhnvmu i tê`lj`i „ Aht  „ Aht  Pmit  Srilspmsshin‟  Srilspmsshin‟ qum ê uo mx`mnmltm jlstruomlth piri fivhrm`mr i cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh cm pmrshlikmls lh lïvmn trilspmsshin, quilch mxjstmo  kmstints  kmstints   iemrtis `ho pmsshis bé ohrtis. I cjfmrmlëi ê qum mnm làh `hnh`i h `njmltm „h`upilch‟ h nukir ch pmrshlikmo ci pmsshi ohrti, hu ohrti, hu mspïrjth, phjs ê jophrtiltm qum mnm sm ipmr`mei qum cm fith h hutrh bé ohrrmu m sm cmsipmkum. Làh h`upir h mspiëh ch hutrh, lmstm `ish, ê fulciomltin piri h`hrrmr i sui cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh `ho i sjtuiëàh cm `hlfnjth hu cm ipmkh `iusichri cm shfrjomlths. Iurjlh Fmrrmjri, usilch i tê`lj`i cm Nêh Oiths ih nhlkh chs ilhs, jltrhcuzju,65 inêo ch cjénhkh `ho h pmrshlikmo ch ohrth, i phssjejnjcicm ch tmripmuti issuojr  psj`hcrioitj`iomltm h nukir ch pmrshlikmo ohrth, `hlcuzjlch h cjénhkh `hoh uoi „mxpmrjâl`ji moh`jhlin `hrrmtjvi‟ qum pmrojti fm`air kmstints fm`air kmstints..  Lh irqujvh chs iuthrms mxjstmo vérjhs rmniths cm quàh prhfulciomltm mfj`iz ê msti tê`lj`i piri thcis is sjtuiëýms qum sm prhpýmo. Vmbiohs h mxmopnh i smkujr2 ]oi bhvmo `njmltm vjvji, aé oujths ilhs, ipmkici ä prmh`upiëàh cm `hoh mstirji sui oàm ohrti, phjs aivjio sjch oujth iojkis. Jl`hlfhroici, `ho i mxjstâl`ji ci ohrtm, làh phcji sm nmoerir ch issulth smo `ahrir. @hlvjcici i joikjlir h „mspïrjth‟ hu i fjkuri prhbmtici cm sui oàm ohrti, lh oulch mspjrjtuin, ä sui frmltm, tmvm mlfjo i hphrtuljcicm cm cjzmr-nam h quilth i ioivi, h quilth smltji siucicms, cm `ahrir eistiltm, m cm phcmr mltàh „huvjr‟ i oàm trilqþjnjzé-ni, cjzmlch-nam qum mstivi emo m qum shssmkissm. I oàm `hlfjrohu qum `hltjluivi i ioé-ni m qum mstivi h`upici m fmnjz `ho i vjci qum tjlai ikhri, sð làh  khstivi cm siemr cmni ciqumni fhroi, phjs jssh i mltrjstm`ji. Jsth i fmz „shntir‟ sui omltm m njemrtir-sm cmsti vmnai ilkòstji. Mltàh, phcm fjlinomltm cmcj`ir-sm ä sui  prðprji fmnj`jcicm, phjs, `hoprmmlcmu mxpmrjml`jinomltm qum tuch mstivi smkujlch smu ruoh liturin m pisshu i ml`irir mssi ohrtm `ho i`mjtiëàh m piz, luo vmrcicmjrh `hltmxth cm njemrtiëàh ch shfrjomlth ih quin sm iprjsjhliri phr ilhs, ipmsir cm suis `rmlëis mspïrjtis li rmml`irliëàh. Cmphjs cmsti mxpmrjâl`ji, finir lh issulth làh nam triz oijs h `ahrh `hopunsjvh. (irqujvh chs iuthrms). Tiri fjlinjzir, nmoeriohs qum cmvmohs iltms cm ipnj`ir msti tê`lj`i `hlam`mr hs  pmlsiomlths ch `njmltm frmltm ä ohrtm cm fhroi i utjnjzirohs uoi njlkuikmo icmquici ihs  picrýms cm `rmlëis qum mnm mxprmssm. Ch phlth cm vjsti mxjstml`jin-fmlhomlhnðkj`h làh jophrti qum sm tritm cm mspïrjth hu sjopnmsomltm cm prhbmëàh ci omltm ch `njmltm. Jophrtiltm ê qum hs `hltmòchs ch smu jl`hls`jmltm mstàh smlch trieinaichs m smus `hlfnjths shnu`jhlichs. H qum jophrti ê h rmsuntich psj`htmripâutj`h.  Lh lïvmn trilspmsshin msti tê`lj`i ijlci ibuci lh cjénhkh `ho irquêtjphs, pmrojtjlch ih `njmltm pmr`memr hs krilcms picrýms cm rmpmtjëàh cm sui vjci, emo `hoh smrvm cm suphrtm piri itjvir hs phtml`jijs `rjitjvhs ch smr.

65

 Msti virjiëàh surkju ch `hltith `ho h trieinah ci S Smhrji mhrji Pjstâoj`i cm Emrt Amnnjlkmrmnm.

 

  @ITÏS]NH VJ @HL@N]PÀH

Jlj`jiohs mstm njvrh `hnh`ilch i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin `hoh uoi rmsphsti äs jl`hlkruâl`jis vjvjcis cmltrh ch piricjkoi lmwthljilh-`irtmsjilh, cmsti`ilch smu msfhrëh phr rhopmr `ho i jnusàh qum fmz surkjr i lhëàh cm cuinjcicm, emo `hoh i sui vmmomltm hphsjëàh ä tmsm omstri ci smpiriëàh omltm m `hrph, eism piri i oijhrji cis tmhrjis psj`hnðkj`is. Pui  prhphsti jltmkrin m ahnïstj`i ipirm`m `hoh rmsphsti i msti tmsm, jlcj`ilch i làh-cuinjcicm m i  eus`i pmni jltmkrinjcicm `hoh `hlcjëýms fulciomltijs fulciomltijs piri uoi vjci auoili oijs siucévmn. ]oi cmfjljëàh `hrrmltm lhs omjhs nmjkhs i`mr`i ci trilspmsshin pým h tmroh „trils „ trils‟‟ `hoh uo „inêo „inêo cm‟ lh smltjch cm‟ pmbhritjvh icmquicis. cm cms`hlmxàh `ho i rminjcicm hrcjlérji,`ho luoi cjsthr`jci, phr iusâl`ji cm jlfhroiëýms Mltrmtilth, mo `hlshlål`ji h vjsàh lhvh  piricjkoi quåltj`hquåltj`h-rmnitjvjsti rmnitjvjsti ci `jâl`ji, h tmroh „trils‟ jlcj`i uo „inêo cm‟ lh smltjch ci trils`mlcâl`ji ch mkh cm sui vjsàh smpiritjsti, iphltilch piri i vjvâl`ji m pnmli rminjziëàh ch phtml`jin auoilh. Issjo, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin jls`rmvm-sm cmltrh ci ajstðrji psj`hnðkj`i `hoh uoi cis krilcms tmltitjvis cm jltmkrir h ajith omltm/`hrph/mspïrjth, lh åoejth cis tricjëýms ch Hrjmltm m ch H`jcmltm m cm thchs hs cuinjsohs mxjstmltms, fivhrm`mlch i momrkâl`ji cm uoi fhroi cm pmlsir oijs jl`nusjvi m `hopissjvi lh qum sm rmfmrm ä rmniëàh ch ahomo `ho h ahnh-uljvmrsh.

Umskitilch i ajstðrji ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin, hfmrm`mohs uo ermvm pmr`ursh itrivês ch tmoph, cmsti`ilch i omtéfhri ch `isiomlth cm Mrhs m Tsjquê piri sjoehnjzir h lis`jomlth cmstm lhvh rioh ch siemr psj`hnðkj`h. Sioeêo tmltiohs sjtuir h mnh cmsti lhvi iehrcikmo `ho h auoiljsoh, i tmr`mjri hlci hu fhrëi ch ohvjomlth psj`hnðkj`h. H emrëh hrjmltin fhj rm`hlam`jch m nmkjtjoich, issjo `hoh fhrio iprmsmlticis is trâs vjis cm mltrici ci Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin lh Erisjn. Fhj cmsti`ich qum i vji i`icâoj`i hu hfj`jin rmfnmtm h ohomlth ajstðrj`h ituin cm jlsmrëàh ci trilspmsshin lh tm`jch phnïtj`h-sh`jin ci psj`hnhkji erisjnmjri, smbi itrivês chs ohvjomlths cm nmkjtjoiëàh chs `urshs cm fhroiëàh, `hlvâljhs `ho uljvmrsjcicms, hu `ho h iuomlth cm cjssmrtiëýms m tmsms `ho i tmoétj`i trilspmsshin. @hltuch, `hltjlui smlch lm`mssérji i mstritêkji cm ohejnjziëàh itrivês cis „ rmcms trilspmsshijs‟ `hoh `iojlah piri jopunsjhlir msti jlsmrëàh m nmkjtjoiëàh.

Mstm trieinah tmvm ijlci `hoh ms`hph iphltir hs `hl`mjths tmðrj`hs mo Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin qum mstàh cm i`hrch `ho i fjnhshfji pmrmlm m is oijs ohcmrlis cms`hemrtis ci  pmsqujsi Mssi jltrhcuzjlch lhvi iehrcikmo cmfmlcm i vjsàh cm oulch Fïsj`i Ohcmrli, trils`mlcm`jmltïfj`i. i @néssj`i, h piricjkoi ahnhkréfj`h li ci psj`hnhkji, lh quinqumi  pirtj`jpiëàh ch hesmrvichr jltmrfmrm lh fmlóomlh hesmrvich m lmssm sm jl`nuj. Cmstm ohch, rmfhrëilch is tmhrjis hrjulcis cmssis fhltms, i Srilspmsshin rmvhnu`jhli i `jâl`ji psj`hnðkj`i,

 

moeisici lis tmhrjis sherm cjfmrmltms lïvmjs cm rminjcicm inêo ci rminjcicm `hlsmlsuin. Ohcjfj`i, issjo, i lhëàh cm siòcm m is pmrspm`tjvis cjiklðstj`is m tmripâutj`is. Mo sui vjsàh cm ahomo, i iehrcikmo Srilspmsshin qumstjhli is lhëýms iltmrjhrms cm jcmltjcicm eismicis li prhphsti ci `hlstruëàh ci pmrshlinjcicm mlquicrici mo picrýms prêmstiemnm`jchs piri smr `hlsjcmrici siucévmn. Li cjrmëàh cmssm mltmlcjomlth, mstm njvrh eus`i trilsojtjr `hoh i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin fnmxjejnjzi mssms vinhrms, rmnitjvjzilch-hs. Fj`i  pitmltm i vjsàh cm pmrshlinjcicm `hoh uo ispm`th ch smr `ho h qu quin in h jlcjvïcuh phcm hu làh sm jcmltjfj`ir. Cmltrh cmssm `hltmxth, prhpým-sm qum i siòcm omltin ê uo prh`mssh cm supmriëàh cis jcmltjfj`iëýms hrjulcis ci pmrshlinjcicm, hu smbi, ci iuth-joikmo, mo vmz ch jlvmrsh, `hoh fhri prhpikich phr inkuois ms`hnis psj`hnðkj`is iltmrjhrms. Mssi supmriëàh sm cé luo `hltmxth cm fnmxjejnjziëàh, phjs, i cmsjcmltjfj`iëàh phssjejnjti njemriëàh m iemrturi piri lhvis m oijs rj`is cjomlsýms ci psjqum. Mssi mxpilsàh ci jcmltjcicm piri inêo ch mkh, ruoh ä mxprmssàh ci Jcmltjcicm Srilspmsshin, `hlm`tici ih Pmnf , hu @mltrh Tsïquj`h, rmvmni-sm cm fhroi siucévmn m smkuri, prhohvmlch m jltmlsjfj`ilch h mqujnïerjh psj`hnðkj`h. Umssintilch h rmkjstrh cm qum hs oipis làh sàh h tmrrjtðrjh, i pmrspm`tjvi trilspmsshin `hlstrðj ohcmnhs piri jlvmstjkir hs cjvmrshs lïvmjs cm `hls`jâl`ji, phjs, usilch ci itjtucm fmlhomlhnðkj`i, mni iphlti is `irthkrifjis `hoh jlcj`ichrms m làh `hoh `iojlahs i smrmo  prjhrj.. Mstms jlcj`ichrms sàh utjnjzichs pmnhs tmripmutis piri livmkirmo li smkujchs i   prjhrj iopnjtucm ci `hls`jâl`ji, `ho h jltujth cm oiltâ-nhs iemrths piri i bhrlici. Hs ohcmnhs `irthkréfj`hs cm Krhf, [jnemr m [hhnkmr fhrio iprmsmltichs `hoh oipis qum eus`io cir `hlti ci iopni kioi cm fmlóomlhs psïquj`hs, smo, `hltuch, mskhté-nhs.  Lmstms tmophs mo qum i lhëàh ch qum ê `jmltïfj`h vmo smlch qum qumstjhlici, stjhlici, i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin cmsphlti jlcj`ilch phssjejnjcicms cm jltmkriëàh, `hnh`ilch i eism `jmltïfj`i `hoh uoi cis vjis ch `hlam`jomlth auoilh qum phr qumstýms ajstðrj`is in`ilëhu h  stitus  stitus   chojliltm, ois qum cm fhroi inkuoi mskhti is hutris fhrois cm siemr, `hoh i fjnhshfji, rmnjkjàh m irtm. Cm`nirilch i jophssjejnjcicm cm sm thrlir rmstrjti pmnh ohcmnh cm `jâl`ji chojliltm (lmwthljili-`irtmsjili), i Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin issuom h `irétmr cm sjlkunir `jmltjfj`jcicm frmltm i mstm, jlcj`ilch h piricjkoi ahnhkréfj`h `hoh mstritêkji piri rhopmr `ho hs cuinjsohs. Hs `iophs cm ierilkâl`ji ch piricjkoi trilspmsshin mxpilcjrio-sm lhs òntjohs ilhs,  prjl`jpinomltm lh qum cjz rmspmjth ih prh`mssh cm iopnjiëàh fivhrm`jch pmnh siemr trilspmsshin mo érmis bé mstiemnm`jcis, `hoh mo inkuois `hltrjeujëýms cis ms`hnis psj`hnðkj`is iltmrjhrms (Emaivjhrjsoh, Tsj`ilénjsm m Auoiljsoh/Mxjstml`jinjsoh). Ê jl`hltmstm qum i nmjturi trilspmsshin chs fmlóomlhs mstucichs phr mssis ms`hnis tmo mlrjqum`jch hs cmeitms m iopnjich i pmrspm`tjvi cm siòcm, emo `hoh hfmrm`jch uoi iopni kioi cm mstritêkjis tmripâutj`is. I érmi ci tilithnhkji m h mstuch sjstmoétj`h chs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji, smo còvjci, tâo rm`mejch krilcm `hltrjeujëàh chs mstuchs trilspmsshijs, prjl`jpinomltm `ho h iphjh ch Eairch Saöchn (tritich cm tilithnhkji eucjsti) m chs lhvhs oêthchs cm jlvmstjkiëàh ci `hls`jâl`ji.

`hls`jâl`ji. Is psj`htmripjis trilspmsshijs tâo mo `houo i pmrspm`tjvi cm qum h i`mssh i lïvmjs oijs iopnhseus`io cm `hls`jâl`ji phssjejnjti siòcmfivhrm`mr m `uri. Hs sjstmois psj`htmripâutj`hs cmssi iehrcikmo phr cjvmrshs `iojlahs h cmsmlvhnvjomlth ci `hls`jâl`ji, nmvilch-i ch prê-pmsshin ih trilspmsshin. I oir`i `mltrin cmstms sjstmois jltmkrijs ê i jl`nusàh

 

ci cjomlsàh mspjrjtuin `hoh fivhrm`mchri cm trilsfhroiëýms m phssjejnjtichri ch rmskitm chs ispm`ths prê-pmsshijs, pmsshijs m trilspmsshijs. H psj`htmripmuti trilspmsshin fhj phsth lmstm njvrh `hoh uo smr auoilh mo `hltïluh  prh`mssh cm mxpilsàh, jlstich piri uoi iemrturi ci sui `ipi`jcicm cm ioir m cm `hltjluir mxpnhrilch is suis oijs prhfulcis shoeris, issjo `hoh iemrth piri h smu phtml`jin cm nuz. ]o iprmlcjz jl`ilsévmn qum usi i tmhrji, supmrvjsàh m trieinah trilspmsshin `hoh jlstruomlths cm iopnjiëàh cm sui `hls`jâl`ji. Lmssm smltjch, h tmripmuti trilspmsshin sm pmrojtm iprmlcmr lh  prh`mssh, fnujlch mo `hlstiltm iprmlcjzich, hlcm h ‑làh siemr‚ nam ê phsth `hoh mxpmrjâl`ji mxjstml`jin. Thr òntjoh, iphltiohs is tê`lj`is tmripâutj`is trilspmsshijs `hoh h tmth tmth   ch mcjfï`jh ahnhkréfj`h trilspmsshin m rmssintiohs i lm`mssjcicm ci vjsàh sjstâoj`i li sui ipnj`iëàh, uoi vmz qum, làh `hlsjcmrir h mcjfï`jh mo sui thtinjcicm, rmsunti mo uoi cjsthrëàh, fivhrm`mlch ijlci oijs hs prh`msshs smpiritjstis. Is tê`lj`is ml`irlio m rmfnmtmo i `hls`jâl`ji cm qumo is utjnjzi, phjs làh aé smpiriëàh mltrm submjth m hebmth. Mlfjo, cmsti`iohs h lïvmn cm `hls`jâl`ji ch tmripmuti `hoh jlstruomlth prjohrcjin cm `uri. Cm oilmjri iopni, lhssh hebmtjvh ih ms`rmvmr mstm njvrh fhj `hltrjeujr, itrivês ci lhssi mxpmrjâl`ji, piri i cjvunkiëàh ch `hlam`jomlth ci prétj`i psj`htmripâutj`i trilspmsshin, li tmltitjvi cm fi`jnjtir h `iojlah ciqumnms qum mstàh `amkilch. Yuilth ä kâlmsm, sjstmoitjziëàh m `hrrmniëýms ci Tsj`hnhkji m ci Tsj`htmripji Srilspmsshin, `hlstjtuj-sm uo rmskjstrh cm prétj`i qum th`i h phlth lhcin ch rm`hlam`jomlth m nmkjtjoiëàh ci iehrcikmo trilspmsshin `hoh  phssjejnjcicm cm `uri lh uljvmrsh psj`htmripâutj`h `ho iphrtm `jmltïfj`h. Mo qum pmsm ä mfmtjvi `hniehriëàh ch prmsmltm trieinah lh smltjch cm lhrtmir i mstruturiëàh ci Srilspmsshin, làh tjvmohs i prmtmlsàh cm mskhtir is tmoétj`is iehrcicis7 lhssh jltujth fhj ierjr mspiëh piri rmfnmxýms m iprmsmltir cm fhroi ermvm inkuois pmsqujsis lmsti érmi, cmsmbhshs cm qum hs lhvhs/vmnahs tmripmutis sm sjltio ml`hribichs i `hopirtjnair suis mxpmrjâl`jis. I vmnh`jcicm `ho qum is jlfhroiëýms `jr`unio lh oulch ituin ê tàh issustichri qum lhs cmjxi i smlsiëàh cm qum, ih têrojlh, ipmlis jlj`jiohs i bhrlici. Is prhphstis tmripâutj`is trilspmsshijs tâo in`ilëich ivilëhs lhtévmjs, `hltuch, rmfnmtjohs qum ijlci mstiohs cjstiltms cm phssjejnjtir uo `iojlah cjrmth, vji rêkji, smo rhcmjhs m smo itinahs, qum `hlcuzi h ahomo ä njemriëàh thtin li oijs pnmli uljàh `ho i sui Mssâl`ji Cjvjli, Mu Pupmrjhr hu Liturmzi Jnjojtici. H lhom làh jophrti, h fulciomltin smrji `hlsmkujrohs rhopmr `ho is jlòomris chrms qum lhs isshnio m ierjr mspiëh piri h Iohr m i Fmnj`jcicm `hoh nmjs `houls i thchs hs smrms ch ]ljvmrsh. H phmti Ilthljh Oi`aich cjz „@iojlailtm, làh aé `iojlah, h `iojlah sm fiz ih `iojlair‚‚. Mltrmtilth, Mltrmtilth, piri fizmr smu `iojlah ê joprms`jlcïvmn qum vh`â sijei qumo rminomltm vh`â ê, m h qum li vmrcicm vh`â qumr. Iquj nmoeriohs h qum phltuhu Uio Ciss 602 „Shchs shohs eus`ichrms h`upicïssjohs. Sinvmz bé mstmbi li ahri cm cmjxirohs cm smr eus`ichrms m Ml`hltrichrms‟. @hoh smrms auoilhs, prhfjssjhlijs m tmripmutis mstiohs  pissirohs i Pmr Ml`hltrichrms‟. thchs jl`mssiltmomltm eus`ilch i `uri piri i lhssi inoi qum, cjvhr`jici ci sui hrjkmo cjvjli,

smltm sm cms`hlm`tici ch Thcmr Puprmoh. @hoh uoi ojlòs`uni pirtï`uni ch oilcini `ðsoj`h, smltjoh-lhs fmnjzms phr tmr `hl`nuïch Msti êcjvjcjch7 i lhssi uo `hltrjeujëàh pirii uo oulchmstmbi oijsi shnjcérjh `hopissjvh,mstm uotrieinah. oulch omlhs oulch hlcm „cjvjsàh‟ smrvjëh cim 60

 @houlj`iëàh curiltm h QV @hlkrmssh Jltmrli`jhlin cm Srilspmsshin, mo Oilius, Erisjn,9::6.

 

ountjpnj`iëàh cm iëýms kmlmrhsis. Ê i lhssi `hltrjeujëàh piri qum is pmsshis ml`hltrmo uo `iojlah cm trilsfhroiëàh ruoh trilsfhroiëàh ruoh ä `hlstruëàh cm uo oulch hlcm lhsshs fjnahs m lmths phssio iprmlcmr i ahlrir i Oàm Smrri m h ]ljvmrsh, `ho thchs hs smrms sml`jmltms, `hoh mlfitjzio hs mlsjliomlths cm krilcms `urichrms ci auoiljcicm.

UMFMUÂL@JIP EJENJHKUÉFJ@IP

 

 

I‚`irji, I.(5444i). Zhki piri siòcm jltmkrin. Tuenj`iëýms Ililci Oirki, UP, Erisjn.  XXXXXXXXX(5444e).  I njemriëàh ci omltm itrivês ch tiltri yhki. yhki.   Tuenj`iëýms Ililci Oirki, UP, Erisjn.  XXXXXXXXX(oïomh).  Iphstjni chs @urshs cm Ejhpsj`hnhkji Ejhpsj`hnhkji,, ojljstrichs pmnh Jlstjtuth Vjsàh Futurh, Pàh Tiunh. Irhri, A. N. (9::3). @jâl`ji ohcmrli she i nuz ch yhki ojnmlir . @miré2 Mc. ci ]ljvmrsjcicm ch @miré (M]F@). Issikjhnj, U. (9::5).  Tsj`hssïltmsm2 oiluin cm prïl`jpjhs m tê`lj`is tê`lj`is.. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx. Iukris, O. (9:10). H cupnh m i omtiohrfhsm2 I jcmltjcicm oïtj`i mo `houljcicms Likó. Likó . Tmtrðphnjs2 Mc. Vhzms. pissh. Pàh Tiunh2 Njvrh Tnmlh. Eiumr, P. O. (5445). Ajplhsm (5445). Ajplhsm mrj`gshljili pissh i pissh. Emrthnu``j, M. (9::9). Tsj`hnhkji (9::9). Tsj`hnhkji ch Pikrich. Pikrich. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Ékhri. Emttmnamjo, E. (9:15). Frmuc (9:15). Frmuc ilc tam Phun . Sam Lmw Zhrgmr. Ehijlijl Br, M. (9::1). Shrlir-sm trilspmsshin2 trils`mlcâl`ji m mspjrjtuinjcicm li heri cm @irn Uhkmrs. Uhkmrs. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Puoous. Ehff, @. (9:1:). @hoh trieinair `ho h phvh. phvh. Tmtrðphnjs2 Mc. Vhzms. Erilcàh, B. P. (9::5). Ojthnhkji (9::5). Ojthnhkji krmki. krmki. Vhn. JJ, Tmtrðphnjs2 Mc. Vhzms. ohrths. Pàh Tiunh2 Euckm, M. I. [. (9::=). H njvrh mkïp`jh chs ohrths. Mc. Tmlsiomlth. Eyrho, S. (9:;6). Sam caiooipici2 tam siyjlks hf tam Euccai. Euccai . Lhvi Jhrqum2 Vjltikm. @iophs, U. A. cm F. (9::6).  Tsj`hnhkji sh`jin `houljtérji `houljtérji.. Tmtrðphnjs, Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Vhzms. @ipri, F. (9:10). H Sih ci fïsj`i. fïsj`i. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx. @aiuï, O. P. (9:14). „ Jcmhnhkji mcu`iëàh mcu`iëàh‟. ‟. Jl2XXXX. Umvjsti Mcu`iëàh m sh`jmcicm, O. P. Pàh Tiunh2 @hrtmz Mcjthri/m Iuthrms Issh`jichs. @amvinjmr, B & Kammrerilt, I. (9:1:) Cj`jhlérjh (9:1:) Cj`jhlérjh cm sïoehnhs. sïoehnhs. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Bhsê Hnyopjh. @hrtrjkat, E. (9::;).  Tsy`ahtamripy ilc Ppjrjt2 Samhry ilc pri`tj`m jl Srilspmrshlin  Tsy`ahtamripy.. Ineily, L.Z.2 Mc. Ptitm ]ljvmrsjty hf Lmw Zhrg Trmss.  Tsy`ahtamripy Ciangm, Uþcjkmr (9::=). Oilcinis (9::=).  Oilcinis ‐   ‐  Fhrois  Fhrois qum rmprmsmltio i airohlji ch `hsohs m i mlmrkji cjvjli. cjvjli. Mc. Tmlsiomlth Chnth, F. (9:11). Tsj`ilénjsm (9:11). Tsj`ilénjsm m pmcjitrji. pmcjitrji. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Kuilieiri Ghhkil.  XXXXXX. (9::5). I (9::5). I joikmo jl`hls`jmltm ch `hrph. `hrph. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Tmrspm`tjvi. Chnth, F m Aioic, L. (9::1).  Cmstjlhs cm @rjilëis2 ichëàh, fioïnjis cm i`hnajomlth,

trieinah sh`jin . Mc. Oirtjls Fhltms. Chr,njlkuikmo B. (9::5). Thrth  Jltrhcuëàh ä nmjturi cm Ni`il2 h Jl`hls`jmltm mstruturich `hoh njlkuikmo. Inmkrm2 Mc. Irtms Oêcj`is. Mnjicm, O. (9::1). H xioiljsoh m is tê`lj`is ir`ij`is ch âxtism. âxtism . Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Oirtjls Fhltms.

 

Tsy`ahnhky.. Jl2XXXX. P`htthl, Mpstmjl, O. (9::6).  Frmuc³s jlfnuml`m hl Srilspmrshlin Tsy`ahnhky E.[.7 @ajlml, I.E. m Eittjsti, B.U. Smxtehhg hf trilspmrshlin psy`ajitry ilc  psy`ahnhky. Eisj`Ehhgs.  XXXXXX. (5449). (5449). Tmlsiomlth  Tmlsiomlth smo pmlsichr2 uoi pmrspm`tjvi eucjsti piri psj`htmripji psj`htmripji.. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 KUZTA]P.  XXXXXX. (5440).  Eucjsoh m h `iojlah ci outiëàh2 `hltjluir i smr. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 KUZTA]P. Mvils-[mltz, [. Z. (9::1). H Njvrh Sjemtilh chs Ohrths. Ohrths. Pàh Tiunh2 Tmlsiomlth/@untrjx. . Fmrkushl, O. (9:19). @hlspjriëàh iquirjili. iquirjili. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc.@untrjx Fmrrmjri, I. N. (5443).  I @nïlj`i Srilspmsshin2 ch cjvà ihs mstichs iopnjichs cm `hls`jâl`ji m i mxpmrjâl`ji cm fhroiëàh cm uo tmripmuti trilspmsshin . Jl2XXXX. Tsj`htmripji m psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin2 iopnjilch is frhltmjris ci `hls`jâl`ji. Um`jfm2 Njvrh Uépjch. Frilgn, V. (9:;9). Oil‚s (9:;9). Oil‚s smir`a fhr omiljlk2 omiljlk2 il jltrhcu`tjhl th nhkhtamripy. nhkhtamripy. Lmw Zhrg2 [isajlkthl Pquirm Trmss. Frmjrm, T. (9:;:). Tmcikhkji (9:;:). Tmcikhkji ch hprjojch. Ujh hprjojch. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Tiz m Smrri. Frmuc, P. (9:95).  I lhtm hl tam ul`hl`jhus.  ul`hl`jhus.  Jl psy`ah-ilinysjs.Jl2XXXX. Trh`. Ph`. fhr Tsy`aj`in Umsmir`a, l² 56, pp. 095-091.  XXXXXX. (9:60). Ptucjms jl Tiripsy`ahnhky. Tiripsy`ahnhky. Lmw Zhrg2 @hnnjmr Ehhgs.  XXXXXX. (9:14).  Inêo ch prjl`ïpjh cm prizmr . Heris @hopnmtis, Vhn. QVJJJ, Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Joikh.  XXXXXX. (9:14). Srâs mlsijhs sherm i tmhrji ci smxuinjcicm. smxuinjcicm. Heris @hopnmtis, Vhn. VJJ, Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Joikh.  XXXXXX. (9:14). H futurh cm uoi jnusàh. jnusàh. Heris @hopnmtis, Vhn. QQJ, pp. 63-6=, Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Joikh.  XXXXXX. (9:14). H oin-mstir li `jvjnjziëàh., `jvjnjziëàh., Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Joikh. Heris @hopnmtis, Vhn. QQJ, pp. 19-15. Kir`ji-Uhzi, I. N. (9:10). Frmuc (9:10). Frmuc m h Jl`hls`jmltm. Jl`hls`jmltm. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Riair. Kujnnjkil (5449). I (5449).  I `hrikmo cm ioir2 prjl`ïpjhs ci psj`htmripji cis rmniëýms ch smnf . Emnh Ahrjzhltm2 Mc. @iojlahs. Kðjs, @. (9::0). Lhëýms (9::0). Lhëýms cm psj`hnhkji `houljtérji. `houljtérji. Fhrtinmzi2 Mc. Riair.  Riair.  Khnmoil, C. (9::6). Omcjtitjhl (9::6).  Omcjtitjhl ilc `hls`jhuslmss2 il Isjil ipprhi`a th omltin Aminta Aminta.. Jl2XXXX. Srilspmrmshlin Tsy`ahtamripy. Mcjtmc ey Pmyohur Ehhrstmjl  ‐ 5lc  mc. Ineily2 Ptitm ]ljvmrsjty hf Lmw Zhrg.  XXXXXX. (9:::i). I (9:::i). I jltmnjkâl`ji moh`jhlin2 i tmrhrji rmvhnu`jhlérji qum rmcmfjlju h qum ê  smr jltmnjkmltm. jltmnjkmltm. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Hebmtjvi Ntci. Mohëýms qum @urio2 `hlvmrsis `ho h Cinij Nioi sherm omltm inmrti,  XXXXXX. (9:::e).   Mohëýms mohëýms m siòcm. siòcm. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Uh``h.

 XXXXXX. (5440). @hoh njcir `ho mohëýms cmstrutjvis  cmstrutjvis     piri piri vjvmr mo piz `ho vh`â m hs hutrhs2 cjénhkh `ho i `hltrjeujëàh ch Cinij Nioi. Nioi . Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 @iopus. Khlëinvms Fjnah,Ilh O. VO.- Lh. (9::=). Srilspmsshi.n.   Jl2XXXX. rmvjsti Jlsjkat Tsj`htmripji. =6.  Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshi.n. Khunc, I. (9:61). Sam fhulcmrs hs psy`aj`in rmsmir`a. rmsmir`a. Lmw Zhrg2 P`ah`gml.

 

Intmrlitjvis. Oïomh Krjsj, O. I-N. m Fjkumjrmch, N. @. O. (9::0). Tirm`mr (9::0).  Tirm`mr sherm tê`lj`is Intmrlitjvis. Oïomh làh puenj`ich. Krhf, P. m Ainjfix, B. (9:;;). Sam auoil ml`hurtmr wjta cmita. Lmw cmita. Lmw Zhrg2 M. T. Cutthl. Krhf, P. (9:11). Inêo (9:11).  Inêo ch `êrmerh2 lis`jomlth, ohrtm m trils`mlcâl`ji mo psj`htmripji.  psj`htmripji.  Pàh Tiunh2 Mc.  XXXXXX. (9::3). (9::3). I  I O`Kriw-Ajnn. omltm ahnhtrðpj`i2 lhvhs `hlam`jomlths sherm psj`hnhkji m pmsqujsi ci `hls`jâl`ji. Ujh `hls`jâl`ji. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Uh``h.  XXXXXX. (9::;i). I (9::;i). I ivmlturi ci iuthcms`hemrti. iuthcms`hemrti. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Puoous.  XXXXXX. (9::;e). Hs choïljhs ch jl`hls`jmltm auoilh2 hesmrviëýms i`mr`i ci pmsqujsi `ho h NPC. NPC. Jl @iojlahs inêo ch mkh2 uoi vjsàh trilspmsshin, [insa, U. m Viukail, F, mt in. Pàh Tiunh, Mc. @untrjx, 9::;, pp. ::- 94:.  XXXXXX. (5444).  Tsj`hnhkji ch futurh, njëýms cis pmsqujsis ohcmrlis ci `hls`jâl`ji.   Ljtmrðj, UB2 Mc. Amrmsjs. Amrmsjs. Krhf, P. m Krhf, @. (9::3). I (9::3).  I tmopmstuhsi eu eus`i s`i ch smr (Sam sthroy smir`a fhr tam smnf) smnf).. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx/Tmlsiomlth. Kujoiràms, O. S. U. (9:::). Vjibiltms2 ajstðrjis qum h tmoph `hlti. `hlti. Pàh Tiunh2 PESVT. Aills, N. I. (5443).  Umkuniomltiëàh mo cmeitm cmeitm.. Jl2XXXX. Tsj`hnhkji2 @jâl`ji m  prhfjssàh. Cjénhkhs, l² 49, ierjn. Cmus. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Um`hrc. Amroðkmlms, B.I. F. (9:13). Zhki2 `iojlah piri Cmus. Aussmn, M. (9:6=). I (9:6=). I fjnhshfji `hoh `jâl`ji cm rjkhr . @hjoeri2 Itnåltjci.  XXXXXX. (9:6;). Jlvmstjki`jlms (9:6;). Jlvmstjki`jlms nðkj`is. nðkj`is. Oicrj2 @istjni.  XXXXXX. (9:16). I (9:16). I jcêji ci fmlhomlhnhkji. fmlhomlhnhkji. Thrth2 Mc. Oirtjls Fhltms.  XXXXXX. (9:;4). Sam `rjsjs hf Murhpmil s`jml`ms ilc trils`mlcmltin pamlhomlhnhky. pamlhomlhnhky. Mvisthl2 Lhrtamstmrl ]ljvmrsjty Trmss.  Trmss.  Auxnmy, I. (5445). Is (5445). Is phrtis ci pmr`mpëàh. pmr`mpëàh. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Knheh. krmkh. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Oirtjls Fhltm. Bimkmr, [ (9:15). Tijcmji2 (9:15). Tijcmji2 i fhroiëàh ch ahomo krmkh. Bioms, [. (9::9). Is (9::9). Is virjmcicms ci mxpmrjâl`ji rmnjkjhsi. rmnjkjhsi. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx. Bhlms, C.F. (9:;6).  Njfm, cmita, iwirmlmss, ilc `hl`mrl2 i prhkrmssjhl prhkrmssjhl.. Jl2XXXX.  Njfm iftmr cmita, cmita, Shlylemm, I., Ghmstnmr, I., mt in. Nhlchl, [mjcmlfmnc & Lj`ahnshl, 9:;6, pp. 96:-919. Bulk, @. K. (9:;:). Umsphsti (9:;:). Umsphsti i Bð. Tmtrðphnjs2 Bð. Tmtrðphnjs2 Mc. Vhzms.  XXXXXX. (5445). Omoðrjis, (5445). Omoðrjis, shlahs, rmfnmxýms. rmfnmxýms. Ujh cm bilmjrh2 Mc. Lhvi Frhltmjri. Gircm`, I. (9:1=). Heris `hopnmtis cm Innil Gircm`. Gircm`. Pàh Tiunh2 Hpus Mcjthri NSCI. NS CI. Gmilm, [.O. m @hpm, P. (9::6). [aml tam tamripjst js i yhkj2 jltmkritjlk yhki ilc  psy`ahtamripay.. Jl2XXXX. Srilspmrmshlin Tsy`ahtamripy. Mcjtmc ey Pmyohur  psy`ahtamripay Ehhrstmjl ‐  Ehhrstmjl  ‐ 5lc mc. Ineily2 Ptitm ]ljvmrsjty hf Lmw Zhrg. Gþenmr-Uhss, M. (5444). Pherm h Vjvmr m h Ohrrmr . Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Oirtjls Fhltms. Nmokruemr, V. (9:13).  Tsj`htmripji ermvm  ‐   i tê`lj`i fh`in . Thrth Inmkrm, UP2 Mc. Irtms Oêcj`is Pun Ntci.

Oisnhw, I. A. (9:63 ). Umnjkjhl, vinums ilc pmig mxpmrjml`ms mxpmrjml`ms.. @hnuoeus2 Hajh Ptitm ]ljvmrsjty Trmss. Oiths, N. (9:;5). Itmrlitjvmr  Itmrlitjvmr tjn Pthf(ojs)eruk ‐  Pthf(ojs)eruk ‐  JJ Cilsg Tsyghnhk Lyt, l.95, 50=-501.  XXXXXXX.(9:;=).  Ni vjvml`ji cm ni ohrtm `hoh ul prh`mssh tmripmutj`h tmripmutj`h.. Irtjkh iprmsmltich li Pmxti @hlfmrâl`ji cm Tsj`hnhkji Auoiljsti mo @umrlivi`i, Oêxj`h.

 

vjmw.  Irtj`nm prmsmltmc it JJJ  XXXXXX. (9:;6). Sam nilkuikm hf crmio2 i trilspmrshlin vjmw.  Jltmrlitjhlin @hlkrmss hf Srilspmrshlin Tsy`ahnhky, Jlirj, Fjlnålcji.  XXXXXX. (9:;;). Sam nilkuikm hf suj`jcm2 i psy`ahtamripmutj` ipprhi`a. JQ Jltmrlitjhlin @hlkrmss hl Puj`jcin Trmvmltjhl ilc @rjsjs Jltmrvmltjhl. Amnsjlgj, Fjlnilc.  XXXXXX.(9:1;).Tsj`hnhkji cmstjlhs. Tirjs, Tribli.ci ohrtm2 iehrcikmo hrjmltin m h`jcmltin. Jl2XXX  I ohrtm m smus crhkis .  XXXXXX. (9:1:). Crhkis (9:1:). Crhkis hu omcjtiëàh2 omcjtiëàh `hoh intmrlitjvi piri h ush cm crhkis. Tmtrðphnjs2 Mc. Vhzms.  XXXXXX.(9::5).   Tsj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin . Jl2XXXX. Tuenj`iëàh ci Fi`uncicm cm @jâl`jis  XXXXXX.(9::5). Auoilis cm Ojlis Kmrijs ( F]OM@, rmvjsti pnurin ).  XXXXXX.(9::5e)  Is riïzms ci cmprmssàh mo uoi `rjsm suj`jci. Jl2XXXXX. Tuenj`iëàh ci Fi`uncicm cm @jâl`jis Auoilis cm Ojlis Kmrijs ( F]OM@, rmvjsti pnurin).  XXXXXX.(9::5`). Inêo  XXXXXX.(9::5`).  Inêo cis frhltmjris ci nhu`uri. Irtjkh làh puenj`ich.  XXXXXX. (9::5c). I mxpmrjâl`ji mxpmrjâl`ji   ci  ci  ohrtm ohrtm.. Jl2XXXX. Tuenj`iëàh ci Fi`uncicm cm @jâl`jis Auoilis cm Ojlis Kmrijs (F]OM@, rmvjsti pnurin). pn urin).  XXXXXX. (9::3). Aminjlk2 emyhlc suffmrjlk hr cmita. Tuenj`itjhl OLA2 OLA2 Ohltrmin.  XXXXXX. (9::1). Smripji ci irtm trilspmsshin ch oilcini. oilcini . Irtjkh làh puenj`ich.  XXXXXX. (9::=i). (9::=i). I  I ohrtm cm uoi pmsshi ioici2 uoi iehrcikmo trilspmsshin . Umvjsti Jlsjkat, Ilh V, l² =;, Lhv., p.p. 99-96.  XXXXXX. (9::=e). Puj`ïcjh, iuth-joikmo m nhu`uri. Irtjkh làh puenj`ich.  XXXXXX. (9::=`). Is  Is cuis fi`ms ci ohrtm. Irtjkh ohrtm. Irtjkh làh puenj`ich.  XXXXXX. (ojomh). Pupmrvjsàh Pupmrvjsàh.. Irtjkh làh puenj`ich.  XXXXXX. (ojomh). H kumrrmjrh, h phcmr m i piz. piz. Irtjkh làh puenj`ich Omlmzms,P.(9:::). H cmsmlah ch oilcini m i psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin. Tinmstri iprmsmltici lh JJ Ml`hltrh cm Cmsmlvhnvjomlth Srilspmsshin, Um`jfm. Irtjkh làh  puenj`ich.  XXXXXXXXXX.( 5449) 5449)Silithnhkji Silithnhkji m i psj`hnhkji Srilspmsshin. Tinmstri Srilspmsshin.  Tinmstri iprmsmltici lh JJJ @hlkrmssh Nush-Erisjnmjrh cm Srilspmsshin- IN]EUIS/]LJTIR, @iopjlis, PT.  XXXXXXXXXX. (5443i). I (5443i). I mxpmrjâl`ji ci ohrtm lh prh`mssh cm `uri. Tinmstri `uri.  Tinmstri rminjzici lh J Ml`hltrh Lhrcmstjlh @jâl`ji m Mspjrjtuinjcicm, Fhrtinmzi, @M.  XXXXXXXXX. (5443e). Oilcini2 (5443e).  Oilcini2 trieinailch i mlmrkji cis pmsshis. pmsshis. Tinmstri  Tinmstri rminjzici lh h 3 Ml`hltrh Lhrcmstjlh cm Fmlk Pauj, Um`jfm. Omrnmiu-Thlty, O. (9:;9). Fmlhomlhnhkji (9:;9). Fmlhomlhnhkji ci pmr`mpëàh. pmr`mpëàh. Pàh Tiunh2 Frmsjtis Eisths.  XXXXXX. (9:;0). @jâl`jis ch ahomo m fmlhomlhnhkji. fmlhomlhnhkji. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Pirijvi. Oymrs, F.[.A. (9:69). Auoili (9:69).  Auoili pmrshlinjty ilc survjvin cm ehcjny cmita cmita.. Pm`iu`us, LB2 ]ljvmrsjty Ehhgs. Ohffit, I. (9:13). Tsj`htmripji (9:13).  Tsj`htmripji ch Hprjojch. Hp rjojch. Jcmhnhkji m tê`lj`i ci psjqujitrji phpunir . Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @hrtmz m Ohrims. Ohhcy Br., U. m Tmrry, T. (9::=). Jlvmstjkilch (9::=).  Jlvmstjkilch vjcis pissicis. pissicis. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx.

Hnjvmjri, L. (5443).  Cmsmlvhnvjomlth auoilh she i pmrspm`tjvi trilspmsshin   . Jl2XXXX. Tsj`htmripji m psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin2 iopnjilch is frhltmjris ci `hls`jâl`ji. Um`jfm2 Njvrh Uépjch.  Uépjch.   Holês, U. (9::6).  Fjnhshfji ci `jâl`ji `hotmophrålmi `hotmophrålmi.. Pàh Tiunh2 Mcjthri ci ]ljvmrsjcicm Msticuin Tiunjsti.

 

wjscho. Titms, Ojccnmsmx. ]G2 Tmrmlljin Tmrry, [. (9:19). Sam trmisury hf tricjtjhlin wjscho. Ehhgs. Tjl`amrnm, N. S. (9:1=). Tsj`htmripjis (9:1=). Tsj`htmripjis m mstichs cm trilsm. trilsm. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Puoous. Uippiphrt, @.U. (9::5). Tsj`ilénjsm2 (9::5). Tsj`ilénjsm2 jltrhcuëàh ä préxjs Frmuc m Ni`il. Ni`il. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. MT]. P. (9:::). H njvrh tjemtilh ch vjvmr m ch ohrrmr . Pàh Tiunh2 Sinmlth2 Tinis Ujlph`am, Itamli. Uhenms, S. (5449i). I (5449i). I oikji cm lhsshs cjsfir`ms. Emnh cjsfir`ms. Emnh Ahrjzhltm2 Mc. Cjioiltm.  XXXXXX. (5449e). @hl`mrth piri quitrh `êrmerhs2 mo psj`htmripji. psj`htmripji . Emnh Ahrjzhltm2 Cjioiltm. Uh`ai, R. (9::0). Frmuc2 (9::0). Frmuc2 iprhxjoiëýms. iprhxjoiëýms. Um`jfm, ]FTM, pp.9;;-9;1. Uhcrjkuê, M. (9::=). Pjkoulch Frmuc. H sê`unh ci psj`ilénjsm2 91:= - 9::=. 9::= . Vhnuoms 49,45 m 40. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Ms`uti. Uhkmrs, @. U. (9:10). ]o bmjth cm smr . Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. MT]. Pincilai, V. (9::;). Tjs`htmripji (9::;). Tjs`htmripji Srilspmsshin . Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. GHOMCJ. P`htthl, E.[., @ajlml, I.E. m Eittjsti, B.U. (9::6). Smxtehhg hf trilspmrshlin psy`ajitry ilc psy`ahnhky. psy`ahnhky. Lmw Zhrg2 Eisj`Ehhgs. Paipjrh, C. & [insa, U.(9:13). Omcjtitjhl2 U.(9:13).  Omcjtitjhl2 @nissj` ilc `hltmophriry pmspm`tjvms. pmspm`tjvms . L.Z.2 Incjlm. Pjnvmjri, L. (9:19). Joikmls (9:19). Joikmls ch jl`hls`jmltm. 3 jl`hls`jmltm. 3i Mcjëàh. Mc. Inaioeri.  Inaioeri.  Siehlm, O. (9::=). I (9::=). I psj`hnhkji trilspmsshin . Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx. Shurjlah, M. R., & @irvinah, O. E. L. (9::=).  Is frhltmjris mltrm i Tsj`hnhkji m is  prétj`is intmrlitjvis2 inkuois `hlsjcmriëýms. Tsj`hnhkji lh Erisjn2 Cjrmëýms mpjstmohnðkj`is.. (pp. 19 - 994). Erisjnji2 @hlsmnah Fmcmrin cm Tsj`hnhkji. mpjstmohnðkj`is Srulkpi, @. (5443). Inêo (5443). Inêo ch oitmrjinjsoh mspjrjtuin . Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx. oilcini. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Tmlsiomlth. Su``j, Kjusmppm (9::=). Smhrji m prétj`i ch oilcini. Virmni, F.B. & Sahopshl, M. m Uhs`a, M. (5440).  I omltm jl`hrphrici2 `jâl`jis `hkljtjvis m mxpmrjâl`ji auoili. auoili. Thrth Inmkrm2 Mc. Irtomc. Vis`hl`mnhs, M. O. (9::5). H qum ê psj`hnhkji `houljtérji. `houljtérji. Pàh Tiunh2 @hnmëàh Trjomjrhs Tisshs. Viukail, F. & [insa, U.L. (9::=).  Inêo ch mkh. Cjomlsýms trilspmsshijs mo  Tsj`hnhkji.. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx/Tmlsiomlth.  Tsj`hnhkji  XXXXXX. (9::;). @iojlahs inêo ch mkh. mkh. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx/Tmlsiomlth. [ioei`a, A. (9::9). Um`hrcilch  Um`hrcilch vjcis pissicis. pissicis. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx. [isaeurl, O. (9:11). Sam mkh ilc tam cylioj` krhulc . Ineily, LZ2 suly Trmss.  XXXXXX. (9::3). Srilspmrshlin psy`ahnhky jl psy`ahilinytj` pmrspm`tjvm. pmrspm`tjvm. Ineily, LZ2 Puly Trmss. uljcicm.. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. [memr, U. (9:1:). Cjénhkhs (9:1:).  Cjénhkhs `ho `jmltjstis m séejhs2 i eus`i ci uljcicm @untrjx.

[mjn, T. (9:;1i). I (9:;1i). I omcjci ci `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i. `ðsoj`i. Tmtrðphnjs2 Mc. Vhzms.  XXXXXX. (9:;1e). Oïstj`i (9:;1e). Oïstj`i m `jâl`ji. `jâl`ji. Tmtrðphnjs2 Mc. Vhzms.  XXXXXX. (9:1:). I (9:1:). I rmvhnuëàh sjnml`jhsi. sjnml`jhsi. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Tmlsiomlth.  XXXXXX. (9::4i). I (9::4i). I `hls`jâl`ji `ðsoj`i. `ðsoj`i. Tmtrðphnjs2 Mc. Vhzms.  XXXXXX. (9::4e). Is (9::4e). Is frhltmjris ci mvhnuëàh m ci ohrtm. ohrtm. Tmtrðphnjs2 Mc. Vhzms. psj`hsm. Tmtrðphnjs2 Mc. Vhzms.  XXXXXX. (9::9). Mxpmrjâl`ji (9::9). Mxpmrjâl`ji `ðsoj`i m psj`hsm.

 

 XXXXXX. (9::=) I (9::=) I ohrtm ci ohrtm2 uoi iehrcikmo trilspmsshin . Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Kmltm.  XXXXXX. (Ojomh). Tsj`hnhkji (Ojomh).  Tsj`hnhkji trilspmsshin lh Erisjn . Srils`rjëàh ci pinmstri rminjzich li QV @hlfmrâl`ji Srilspmsshin Jltmrli`jhlin, làh puenj`ici. Oilius, Ioizhlis. --------. (5440). Srils`houlj`iëàh Srils`houlj`iëàh ‐   ‐  H  H Fmlóomlh Oikmlti. Oikmlti. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Tmlsiomlth. [mjss, (9::6  ). Oujtis oujths C. omstrms omstrms. . Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Pinioilcri. [jnemr,E.G., Mlknmr, B. vjcis, m Erhwl, (9:16). Srilsfhroitjhls hf `hls`jhuslmss2 @hlvmltjhlin ilc `hltmopnitjvm pmrspm`tjvms hl cmvmnhpomlt. Ehlsthl2 cmvmnhpomlt.  Ehlsthl2 Lmw P`jml`m Njeriry/Paioeaini. [jnemr, G. (9::9). I (9::9). I `hls`jâl`ji smo frhltmjris. frhltmjris. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx.  XXXXXX. (9::6 ). H mspm`trh ci `hls`jâl`ji. `hls`jâl`ji. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx.  XXXXXX. (9::;). H mspm`trh ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth trilspmsshin . Jl2 XXXX. Viukail, F. & [insa, U.L. (9::;). @iojlahs inêo ch mkh. mkh. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx/Tmlsiomlth.  XXXXXX. (9:::i). Srilsfhroiëýms ci `hls`jâl`ji2 h mspm`trh ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth auoilh.. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx. auoilh  XXXXXX. (9:::e). H prhbmth Itoil2 uoi vjsàh trilspmsshin ch cmsmlvhnvjomlth auoilh. auoilh . Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx.  XXXXXX. (5449i). H hnah ch mspïrjth2 uoi vjsàh jltmkrin piri uo oulch qum fj`hu njkmjriomltm nhu`h. nhu`h. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx.  XXXXXX. (5449e). ]oi ermvm ajstðrji ch ]ljvmrsh2 cm Euci i Frmuc2 Umnjkjàh m  psj`hnhkji uljcis pmni prjomji vmz. Ujh vmz. Ujh cm Bilmjrh2 Mc. Lhvi Mri.  XXXXXX. (5449`).  I uljàh ci inoi m chs smltjchs2 jltmkrilch `jâl`ji m rmnjkjàh rmnjkjàh.. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx.  XXXXXX. (5445).  Tsj`hnhkji jltmkrin  ‐   `hls`jâl`ji, mspïrjth, psj`hnhkji, tmripji. tmripji. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. @untrjx. [hhnkmr, U. (9:11). Is (9:11). Is vérjis vjcis ci inoi. inoi. Pàh Tiunh2 Mc. Tmlsiomlth.