litrature on auditorium & stage types

L I T R AT U R E S T U D Y

CONVENTION CENTRE (BHOPAL) AUDITORIUM Design of a large will be greatly influenced by the brief given to the architect. The maximum number to be accommodated and range of. Audiences’ sizes for which the hall should cater. The different purpose a part from ingress for which the hall may be used such as stage show, live theatre, concerts, exhibition and dance. Supplementary services to be provided in the hall or foyer such as banquet coffee and bar services etc. The configuration of the site and relationship with other building and accommodation forming part of the same complex. ORGANIZATION It may be divided into four parts: Reception- entrance, booking hall, foyer, etc. Auditorium Stage- screen, back stage, etc Projection room The major areas of study for the design development of a theater are:1. Types of theatres 2. Relationship between functions 3. Planning 4. Facilities and equipments 5. Sightlines 6. Auditorium seating 7. Acoustics and lighting 8. Stage planning dependent on the width of the stage. .

TYPES OF THEATERS (Based on stage relationship) The Proscenium Theatre The proscenium is the space in front of the curtain separating the stage from the audience. The proscenium arch, which may take several shapes, is the opening in the wall through which the audience views the performance. A curtain that either rises or opens to the sides may hang in this space. The proscenium developed to mask scenery, hide scenechanging and machinery and create an offstage space for performer’s exits and entrances.Because the proscenium is (or appears to be) an architectural barrier, it creates a sense of distance or separation between the stage and the spectators. Because of the geometry of sightlines it is difficult to arrange large audiences close to the stage as the width of the auditorium is largely

CONVENTION CENTRE (BHOPAL)

L I T R AT U R E S T U D Y

The Thrust Stage A thrust stage, sometimes known as three-quarter round, is a platform surrounded on three sides by the audience. A thrust stage may be backed by a wall or be appended to some sort of end stage. The upstage end (back of the stage, farthest from the audience) may have scenery and provision for entrances and exits, but the stage itself is usually bare except for a few scenic elements and props.

THE ARENA STAGE The arena stage, or theatre-in-the-round, is a performing space totally surrounded by the auditorium. The necessity of providing equal sight lines for all spectators puts special constraints on the type of scenery used and on the movements of the actors, because at any given time part of the audience will inevitably be viewing a performs back. Illusion is more difficult to sustain in an arena, since in most set-ups, entrances and exits must be maybe in full view of the audience, eliminating surprise, if nothing else, Nonetheless, the arena, when properly used, can create a sense of intimacy.

THE APRON STAGE In a proscenium stage, the scenery cannot be brought right to the back surface of the proscenium wall or it would foul safety curtain. The line beyond which the scenery cannot be set is called the setting line and is usually 1m back from, the proscenium wall. The part of the stage that is between the setting line and the stage riser is called the forestage. And when it is extended right into the auditorium it is called an Apron stage and it can give an open stage effect by bringing the acting area into the same space ab the audience. The apron can fixed or movable and can also be lowered to from the orchestra pit.

L I T R AT U R E S T U D Y

CONVENTION CENTRE (BHOPAL) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNCTIONS • Reception: entrance hall, foyer, box, office, cloakroom, toilets, corridors, stairway, optional shop, exhibition space, information office, administration office. • The reception area of the building should have a sensitive relation with the landscape. Access to the main auditorium should be prominent with allowances for people with disabilities and preventing congestions. • Auditorium: main seating area, optional box theater. • Stage/backstage: main stage, wings, back stage area, dressing rooms, wardrobe shop, workshops, and education room. SIGHTLINES Key factors determining sightlines are Anthropometrics Seat spacing Design of chairs The key dimension upon which sightline calculation depends is the height of the eye above the ground in sitting position and height of the top of the head above the eyes. The arrangement of seats and design of chairs also aid the proper visual access.

PLANNING Planning allowances for theatres : For well spaced seating on one floor and including gangways, apron and booths, an auditorium area of 0.80.9m² per seat (excluding the stage) may be used for preliminary planning. Planning is divided into three parts according to the functions: Public spaces Performance areas Administration areas PUBLIC SPACES Entrance- the location of the main public entrance to the theatre depends on the site conditions. The position should be a prominent one and easily recognizable. Foyer- in the foyer, the entrance of various parts and levels of the auditorium should be clear. Entrance to the auditorium - means of escape regulation will determine a minimum number of exits from the auditorium. However, means of circulation have to be free for toilets and refreshment bars. Fire separation between alternative means of escape needs to be maintained. Acoustic separation- all connections from the foyer and auditorium should have acoustical separation with doors having acoustical ceiling strips. Bars and restaurant - the location of the bars and restaurants should be easily accessible from the foyer however they should not impede the circulation of the auditorium.

CONVENTION CENTRE (BHOPAL)

L I T R AT U R E S T U D Y

5. AUDITORIUM SEATING:•An area of at least 0.5 m² per spectator is to be used for sitting spectators. A maximum of 16 seats per aisle should be there. •25 seats per aisle are permissible if one side exit door of 1m width is provided. •Staggering of seats should be done for better viewing. •Minimum width of an aisle is 1m. •Minimum width of cross aisle is 1.5m ROW SPACING: Row spacing should provide a clear space of not less than 12 inches from the back of the one chair to the front of another chair. Rows of chair shall not exceed 14 chairs between aisles. Aisles serving 60 seats shall be a min. of 30 inches wide & serving more than 60 seats shall be at least 3 feet wide. MINIMUM DIMENSIONS Back to back distance between rows of seats: 760mm(min) Width of seats with arms: 510mm(min) Width of seat without arms: 460mm(min) Minimum width of gangway: 1070mm. •STAGE PLANNING:•Stage proportion is developed from the lines of vision from the auditorium. •The two diagrams show the proportioning of a stage with proscenium for the playing area, the back stage, the side stage and the fly gallery. •Normal proscenium widths are:

For drama

Meters 9-12

feets 30-40

Concerts

12-18

40-60

Opera

18-24

60-80

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CONVENTION CENTRE (BHOPAL) COMMITTEE ROOMS • They are used floor holding comparatively small size meeting, group discussions in parallel to different sessions of conventions held in auditorium. • The arrangement of furniture is variable for e.g. For a capacity of 60 seats a fixed table for 45 seats can be provided for rest being observers, or auditorium style stepped seating may be provided. • Each person should have at least 0.6m wide table surfaces.

PARKING:-

BOARD ROOMS • Defined as room in which board of directions regularly hold meetings. It is in fact a specially upgraded conference room with a fixed room for 16-25 seats, executing chairs, high level finishes, • front or rear screen projectors and a private lounge or ante room with toilet and telephone facilities.

There is continuous increase in the vehicle numbers, with a corresponding demand for better and more parking areas with easy access and good services. All commercial buildings may it be offices, museums; shopping arcades, etc. have to lay special emphasis on their parking not only for their workers but also for the visitors with special attention to the peak hours.

Food courts and restaurant: • Food courts are large halls that house groups of small outlets selling a wide variety of food products. • Customers can either sit and eat on the premises or take food away. With attractive displays and a market style environment, food courts offer a pleasant shopping environment and can be added to supermarket beyond the check outs. • The kitchens and pantry are taken to be 20-30% of the dining space.

STANDARD CAR DIMENSIONS PARKING CONFIGURATION LOCATION CAR PARK DESIGN PARKING LAYOUT RAMPS