Literature study on apartments

APARTMENT DESGIN LITERATURE Click to edit Master STUDY subtitle style BY SNEHA.K

1/19/13

ANTHROPOMETRICS

1/19/13

1/19/13

1/19/13

LIVING ROOM  Minimum

Requirements : A living room for a three- or fourbedroom dwelling unit requires more space for its occupants than one for a one- or twobedroom dwelling unit . 1/19/13

 Planning

consideration : should include adequate floor and wall space for furniture groupings, separation of trafficways from centers of activity, and ease of access to furniture and

1/19/13

Each living unit should contain space for the purpose of dining . This area may be combined with the living room or kitchen, or may be a separate room . The amount of space allocated to dining should be based on the number of persons to be served and the proper circulation space. 1/19/13

DINNING ROOM AND KITCHEN Space for accommodating the following sizes of tables and chairs in the dining area should be provided, according to the intended occupancy, as shown : 1 or2 persons: 2 ft 6 in by 2 ft 6 in 4 persons: 2 ft 6 in by 3 ft 2 in 6persons. 3 ft 4 in by 4 ft 0 1/19/13 in or 4 ft 0 in

1/19/13

1/19/13

Space Criterion The size of the kitchen should be determined oy the number of bedrooms provided in the delwing unit . Work centers for the following equipment, cabinets, and space for their use should be provided : 1 . Range space with base and wall cabinet at one side for serving and storage of utensils and staples. 2. Sink and base cabinet with counter space on each side forcleanup. Wall cabinets for storage ) f dinnerware . 3. Refrigerator space with counter space at latch side of the refrigerator door. 4 . Mixing counter and base cabinet for electrical appliances and utensil storage. Wall cabinet for staple storage. 1/19/13

1/19/13

BATHROOM A bathroom should have enough area to accommodate a lavatory, a water closet, and a bathtub or shower. Arrangement for fixtures should provide for comfortable use of each fixture and permit at least 90° door swing unless sliding doors are used. The bathroom should be convenient to the 1/19/13

1/19/13

1/19/13

1/19/13

BEDROOM Ideally, the recommended minimum bedroom size should be 10'0"x 12"0" exclusive of closets, while the recommended minimum size for a larger bedroom or master bedroom should be 12'0" x 16'0" exclusive of closets . A larger proportion of the bedroom floor area is occupied

42 in at one side or foot of bed for dressing 6 in between side of bed and side of dresser or chest

1/19/13

FURNITURE ARRANGEMENTS The location of doors and windows should permit alternate furniture arrangements . 36 inches in front of dresser, closet, and chest of drawers 24 in for major circulation path (door to closet, etc.) 22 in on one side of bed for circulation 12 in on least used side of double bed . The least-used side of a

1/19/13

Entry And Accessibility  Standards

Building entries are to: (a) reinforce a desirable pattern of entries along a street frontage; (b) be clearly visible from streets or internal driveways so that (c) visitors can easily identify an individual apartment; (d) provide a sense of address, shelter and

1/19/13

Frequent building entries are required in urban environments. Multiple building entries are required where front building setbacks are less than 6 m and the frontage is over 15 m long. Multiple building entries may include common building 1/19/13

Streetscape There is nothing more alienating than rows of houses hidden behind two metre high fences blocking giving passersby no sense of whether the homes are occupied or not. Healthy communities are ones in which positive social interaction is encouraged Eg. Fences low enough to talk over and placing mailboxes in shared

1/19/13

Internal Common Areas, Circulation Areas & Apartment Entries  Standards Clear lines of sight and well-lit routes are required throughout the development. In this regard, the routes from car parking areas and public areas via the lift and stair lobbies to the apartment areparticularly important. Circuitous narrow routes and places that allow concealment shall not be approved e.g. deep alcoves or numerous corners along a corridor. Guidance It is good practice for fire doors and smoke 1/19/13 doors to be fitted with hold open devices and 

Common circulation areas should achieve the following minimum dimensions: a) A common lobby area with a dimension of 2 m in any direction outside a lift or main staircase (not applicable to a fire stair which is in addition to a lift or a main stair access); b) Up to 4 m corridor length from common lobby = 1.5 m width;

1/19/13

c) Up to 8 m corridor length from common lobby = 1.8 m width;

Greater than 8 m corridor length from common lobby = 2.0 m width. 1/19/13



The number of apartment units per floor accessible from a common lobby is limited to a maximum of nine. This includes all apartments served by corridors and balcony walkways that are accessed by either lift(s), stair(s) or directly from the street.

Higher amenity is created through multiple common building entries that creates a high proportion of dual Lower apartments amenity is aspect created by a double loaded corridor that increases proportion 1/19/13

 Walk-up

apartment buildings (i.e. where no passenger lift is provided) have a maximum stair rise of three storey, with an additional stair rise only permitted as access to an upper level within a third storey apartment unit.

1/19/13

Accessibility In the case of apartments and most multi-unit dwellings the need for ‘vertical circulation’ can be a dominant consideration. Although apartment buildings can be designed as ‘walk-ups’ this results in access problems for all but the most able people – any of whom may themselves be disabled at any time by a vehicle accident or illness. The provision of lifts addresses the issue of access but they add costs and require additional

1/19/13

Visual Privacy Standards  Windows and balconies of an upper floor level apartment are to be designed to prevent overlooking of more than 50% of the private open space of a lower floor level apartment, either within the same development or adjoining development.  screening zone between different apartments:

1/19/13

 Where

architectural devices, such as screening devices, high window sills or obscure glass, are used to prevent overlooking, they should be integrated with the building design and have minimal negative effect on amenity for residents or neighbours.

Locating building functions at internal corners such as stairs and lifts, improves visual privacy.

1/19/13

Natural Ventilation and Daylight

Natural ventilation is an important aspect of apartm ent design because it ensures regular exchange of fresh air which is essential for maintaining comfortable living environment. The orientation, configuration and articulation of the building envelope of both the building and each apartment must be considered if adequate natural ventilation is  to be achieved.  Good design which achieves appropriate natural ventilation Room depth from window is in apartment units and buildings will eliminate the need for mechanical vent between 6 m to 9 m = ilation and air conditioning. minimum ceiling height 2.7 m 1/19/13

Room depths from window is greater than 9 m = minimum ceiling height 3.0 m

1/19/13

Natural Any building ventilation opposite a window to a habitable room is limited in height by a plane projected at 600 above horizontal from 750 mm

Cross ventilation and stack effect

1/19/13

Acoustic Privacy Standards  Apartments near commercial activities should be designed with regard to the potential noise from those activities by locating noise-sensitive sleeping and living areas and private open spaces away from the noise source and by incorporating appropriate noise reduction measures in the external walls of the building.

1/19/13

Streetscape and Public Areas Standards  Buildings are to be sited and designed to avoid excessive cut and fill, particularly adjacent to boundaries.  On major avenues, where a proposal does not build to the side boundary, at least one side boundary setback should be available for deep-rooted planting.

1/19/13

Common Space  Common

open spaces are to be not less than 20% of the total site area. The calculation of the common open space is not to include front setbacks or narrow strips of residual land not visually or physically incorporated into the area, or areas not Ensure sufficient deep soil zones are provided readily accessible by within the common residents. open space to enable the establishment and 1/19/13

Private Open Space  The

minimum area of screened private open space for each ground floor apartment is 24 m2. The minimum dimension in one direction is 4 m, to be directly off a main living area and is to be located to maximise solar access. Space for service functions,

1/19/13

 Private

open space is to be directly accessible from at least one living area.  All balconies/terraces are to be integrated into the overall architectural form and detail of the building. Successful integration of balconies shall Balconies should be not negatively impact on solar access to privacy apartments. designed to provide to residents and to screen household items. Use of fully transparent balustrades to balconies should be avoided on lower level balconies facing public

1/19/13

Renewable energy Photovoltaic panels are less cost effective on apartment buildings as there are more dwellings per site area compared with the roof area available to carry the panels. Nevertheless, the provision of PVs can be very worthwhile as the energy captured can be used to offset the

1/19/13

Shading Shading should be dealt with according to the same principles that apply to detached homes. With multi-level buildings it may be

1/19/13

Sustainable landscapes The extent of landscaping associated with these dwelling types varies considerably, ranging from environments dominated with hard surfaces with very limited plantings to leafy, substantial vegetation

1/19/13

Fire issues Fire regulations may determine outcomes that seem to be less than ideal from a sustainability perspective. It may not be possible, for instance, to ensure that all bathrooms and wet areas can have both natural light and ventilation. Given the short occupancy periods of

Lightwells and atriums need careful design consideration if there is to be any attempt to use them as part of a passive design strategy. It is advisable to explore this sort of issue early in the 1/19/13 design process and discuss

Thermal mass Multi-storey buildings often require dense concrete cores, particularly for elements like stair and lift wells. Multi-unit dwellings demand good fire separation that is often most economically and effectively provided by using concrete construction whether pre-cast, in-situ or as blockwork. In each case the high density concrete elements can provide excellent thermal mass. Its situation in the core of an apartment or as party walls in well insulated houses is good placement for thermal mass and should be incorporated as such into the overall design strategy.

1/19/13

Windows and glazing Double glazing is advisable for all climate zones. As well as providing thermal insulation it provides additional acoustic insulation that can be a real asset in denser, urban environments.

Openable windows require careful consideration in multi-level buildings and there are often regulatory controls over the extent to which windows may be

1/19/13

Services  Co-ordinate the location of piped 









services such as water and gas supply and waste water removal :  within the apartment ;  across the building floor plan ; and vertically through the building. Design services to minimise any acoustic transmission. Design services to ensure they  do not compromise visual amenity or presenation of the building. Plan apartments within the building so that service areas are adjacent to one another. This promotes a co-ordinated service design and limits the effect of noise from services on adjacent apartments. Insulate pipes for acoustic

1/19/13

Materials  Choose

enduring materials that are easy to maintai n and retain their appearance over time.  Choose materials that are fit for purposing. exterior tiles that are exposed to the elements shouldConsider the use of differ be ent materials non-slip. to break down the  Consider the use scale of large buildings. of local materials When using combination of 1/19/13 that reflect the local env