Literature Review 3d

LITERATURE REVIEW

A 3D printer uses a virtual,mathematical model to construct a physical artifact that can be manipulated and viewed on the computer screen.The 3D printer can take the symbolic representation of this new object and use it to build a full-size, physical model that can be held and manipulated,helping the designer to better understand the strengths and limitations of their design[6]. Additive rapid prototyping machines were first introduced twenty years ago, when 3D Systems introduced the Stereolithography Stereolithography or SLA machine[1]. While these machines were remarkable for their ability to create complex parts, they were large,expense,and difficult to operate. As such, they are of limited interest to most academic institutions except for a few well-funded laboratories. laboratories. But when we considering last five years we can see too many advanced developments in 3D printing technology. Such as Rapid prototyping of electrically conductive components through 3D printing technology, The prototyped model is made of plaster-based powder bound layer-by-layer by an inkjet printing of a liquid binder.The resulting model is highly porous and can be impregnated by various liquids.In a standard prototyping process,the model is impregnated by epoxy or polyurethane resin,wax solution[2] The technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital data was first developed by Charles Hull in 1984. He named the technique as Stereo lithography and obtained a patent for the technique in 1986[8],but this technique is developed to very advanced form such as multi-material stereolithography (MMSL) machine was developed by retrofitting components from a commercial 3D Systems 250/50 stereolithography (SL) machine on a separate stand-alone system and adapting the components to function with additional components required for MMSL operation. The MMSL machine required construction of a new frame and the development of a new rotating vat carousel system, platform assembly, and automatic leveling system[5]. system[5]. Stereolithography (SL) tooling for plastic injection moulding provides a low cost and quick alternative to hard tooling methods when producing a small quantity of parts[3]. In the beginning of 3D printing technology there is no multi coloring or selective coloring technique but engineers develops new type of 3D printers that can print models in multicolor, electro-photographic printing techniques in a layered fashion to produce selectively colored three-dimensional parts.The process is referred to as Color 3-D Laser Printing.Color 3-D laser printing has considerable appealas a  potential rapid prototyping prototyping technique[7]. technique[7]. Stereolithography and other 3D printing techniques are considered to be Additive manufacturing technique that implies in 3D printing product is formed by addition

of material particles while in other ordinary techniques products are produced by subtraction of material molecules from a large block of materials[11]. The properties of the material are critical to the success of additive manufacture and a number of new criteria have been developed to classify these process specific  parameters.These criteria are introduced and key challenges that face construction scale additive manufacturing are presented[6]. Via connection of the printing technology and a computer aided design system a fast and cost-efficient fabrication process for prototypes manufacture and low volume production[9].These printing process in combination with mold and die  production processes of Microsystems Engineering afford the potentiality for tool fabrication[10].Without the requirement of defined ambient conditions with narrow complexity this print technology can be implemented effortlessly into an operating manufacturing-plant, this provides the chance to optimize existing process chains Shortly[4]. Successful realization of a specific 3DP process involves not only the printing  process itself, but also the formulation of a suitable combination of a powder and  binder material system along with process details for printing and post-processing,  both of which play a major role in determining the mechanical properties of the  parts produced. While a significant strength of 3DP is the wide range of potentially suitable materials,including polymers[8] Transformative technologies are the stuff of history Such breakthroughs often take decades from initial invention to changing the way we do things and their potential impact can be nearly unimaginable early in the process.Now 3D Printing is gaining traction that may change the world[12]. 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a revolutionary emerging technology that could up-end the last two centuries of approaches to design and manufacturing with-profound,geopolitical,economic,social,demographic,environmental,and security implications.