Igstd mj prnaijeds pdrd ji sj`ukmn pdrfgdi mj fgkçtgfd y fdtäigsgs.
4. Id rjdffgök jk hdsj iåqugmd D ↑ Q + 1V sj iijvö d fdan jk uk rjdftnr adtfc d 1:¿F, mj id quj sj natuvgjrnk ins mdtns sg`ugjktjs, mj tgjepn y mj fnkfjktrdfgök mji prnmuftn ’V―, pdrd ukd FD? 5 ?.1 eni/I< t (egk)
?
4?
1?
6?
=?
:?
FV (eni/I)
?
?.403
?.1=8
?.131
?.6?:
?.61?
Mjtjregkj ji nrmjk y id fnkstdktj mj vjinfgmdm mj rjdffgök. 1. Id rjdffgök jk hdsj `dsjnsd 1D ↑ Q sj iijvd d fdan jk uk rjdftnr mgsfnktgkun d vniuejk fnkstdktj d 6??¼F. Vg sj pdrtj mj ukd ejzfid quj fnksgstj mj =?% eni mj ’D― y 8?% eni mj uk `ds gkjrtj d 1 dte mj prjsgök y sj tgjkj ukd fnkstdktj mj vjinfgmdm mj 4.1 (eni/I) -4∗ egk-4°d 6??¼F, fdifuidr< d) a) f) m)
Ji tgjepn rjqujrgmn pdrd difdkzdr ji 3?% mj fnkvjrsgök d 6??¼F. Id prjsgök tntdi difdkzdmd di hgkdigzdr id rjdffgök d 6??¼F. Ji tgjepn mj vgmd ejmgd d 6??¼F. Ji tgjepn jk ji fudi id fnkfjktrdfgök mj ’D― js g`udi d id fnkfjktrdfgök mj ’Q― d
sg idjk jkjr`åd js mj 4? j) :??¼F, Ji tgjepn ji fudimjiddftgvdfgök prjsgök pdrfgdi mjbfdi/eni. "D" js g`udi d id fnrrjspnkmgjktj mj "Q" d 1??¼F. h) Id tjepjrdturd d id quj mjaj npjrdr ji rjdftnr pdrd natjkjr ukd fnkvjrsgök mj :?% jk 4? egkutns, sg sj digejktd ji fnepujstn ’D― purn d id prjsgök mj 1 dteöshjrds. 6. Ji öxgmn kgtrnsn sj mjsfnepnkj mj dfujrmn d id sg`ugjktj rjdffgök 1K1? ↑ 1K1 + ?12 id fnkstdktj mj vjinfgmdm mjtjregkdmd jxpjrgejktdiejktj d 37:¼F js b 5 700 fe6/eni∗s, jk uk rjdftnr d vniuejk fnkstdktj sg sj pdrtj mj ukd prjsgök tntdi gkgfgdi mj 4 dte. ¾Fuäi js id fnkvjrsgök jk i, 4? y 8?? s> =. Di jstumgdr id rjdffgök 1D + A ↑ Q , jk hdsj `dsjnsd jk mns jxpjrgejktns gkmjpjkmgjktjs, sj natuvgjrnk ins sg`ugjktjs mdtns jxpjrgejktdijs< j xpjrgejktdijs<
_rgejr jxpjrgejktn Vj digejktö ukd ejzfid fnk =?% eni mj D, =?% eni mj A, y 1?% eni mj uk `ds gkjrtj jk uk rjdftnr gktjregtjktj d vniuejk fnkstdktj y d 4??¿F mj tjepjrdturd. _rjsgök tntdi (dte) ]gjepn (c) ? 1.?? 1.?? 6.1:: 4.71 44.833 4.08 1=.=?4 4.8? =8.:=: 4.== 4?1.81 4.13
Vj`ukmn jxpjrgejktn Vj digejktö ukd ejzfid jqugenidr mj D y A jk uk rjdftnr mgsfnktgkun d ukd prjsgök mj 1 dte y d 1?? ¿F mj tjepjrdturd, fnkstdktjs. ]gjepn (c) ? ?.438 ?.817 4.111 1.416 =.?8?
Xniuejk (I) 1.? 4.7 4.0 4.: 4.6 4.4
Mjtjregkj ji vdinr mj id jkjr`åd mj dftgvdfgök jk dftgvdfgök jk ukgmdmjs mj fdinråds pnr eni.
:. Vj jhjftuö id sg`ugjktj rjdffgök jk hdsj `dsjnsd< D+ A ↑ Q jk uk rjdftnr cjreçtgfn mntdmn mj uk edköejtrn, fuyd prujad gkgfgö fnk ukd ejzfid jqugenidr mj D y A fnk ins sg`ugjktjs rjsuitdmns d 4??¼F< Kn. ? 4
t(egk) ? :
_] (dte) 4.??? ?.786
1 6 = : 8
1: :? 4?? 1?? :??
?.3:7 ?.03? ?.87= ?.81? ?.::8
Fdifuij ji tgjepn kjfjsdrgn pdrd natjkjr 0:% mj fnkvjrsgök, sg sj jhjftüd id rjdffgök d ukd prjsgök tntdi fnkstdktj mj 1 dte, d 4??¿F y fnk ukd digejktdfgök fnksgstjktj jk D56?%, A58?%, Gkjrtjs54?%. 8. Id rjdffgök grrjvjrsgaij jk hdsj `dsjnsd D ↑ Q + V sj iijvd d fdan gsntçregfdejktj d 1??¼F jk uk rjdftnr mj vniuejk vdrgdaij d prjsgök fnkstdktj. Id fgkçtgfd mj id rjdffgök js< -r D 5 ?.??06eni/I∗c. ?.??06eni/I∗c. Fdifuij ji tgjepn jk ji fudi id fnkvjrsgök js mj 7:%, sg id rjdffgök gkgfgd fnk ids sg`ugjktjs prjsgnkjs
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