Linux Essentials - Capítulo 11

 

Fgpétuhe 77; Lbstaöo mb pgqubtbs y prefbses 77.7 Aotremuffaöo Ro sastbig tépafe mb Haoux tabob iahbs mb grf`aves. Bh Cahbsystbi @abrgrf`y Vtgomgrm (e «bstçomgr   kbrçrquafe mbh sastbig mb grf`aves¾ bo bspg÷eh) (bxphafgme bo mbtghhb bo uo fgpétuhe pestbraer) preperfaeog uog luég pgrg hgs mastrajufaeobs bo föie erlgoazgr bstes grf`aves. Bo bstb fgpétuhe vbrçs vbr çs fö föie ie hes sastbi sastbigs gs mb gmiao gmiaoast astrgf rgfaöo aöo mb pgq pgqubt ubtbs bs mb sec sectwg twgrb rb pub pubmbo mbo preper preperfae faeogr  ogr  aocerigfaöo sejrb hg ujafgfaöo mb hes grf`aves pbrtbobfabotbs g uo pgqubtb. Bh nbrobh mb Haoux bs bh oûfhbe mbh sastbig epbrgtave LOR/Haoux. Bstb fgpétuhe bxphafg bh pgpbh mbh nbrobh mb Haoux y föie preperfaeog aocerigfaöo gfbrfg mbh sastbig jgke hes psbume-sastbigs mb grf`ave /pref y /sys. Sbrçs föie fgmg feigome qub sb bkbfutg fgusg qub sb bkbfutb uo prefbse y pemrçs vbr hes prefbses bkbfutçomesb feo bh feigome ps. ]gijaáo vbrçs masfusaöo sejrb föie bh sastbig lr lrgj gjg g e rbla rblast strg rg ib ibos osgk gkbs bs mb mbsm smb b he hess pr pref efbs bses es bo sblu sbluom ome e ph phgo goe e hhhhgi gigm gmes es mb mbie ieoa oaes es (e «mgbieos¾ bo aolhás). Caoghibotb, vbrçs föie vasughazgr bh raol juccbr mbh nbrobh feo bh feigome mibsl pgrg vbr hes ibosgkbs qub feotabob. 77.: Gmiaoastrgfaöo mb Tgqubtbs  Gmiaoastrgfaöo mb Tgqubtbs bs uo sastbig qub aostghg, gftughazg, feosuhtg e bhaiaog sectwgrb mbotre mb uomacbrbotbs, sastbig mbpbre grf`aves. Haoux `gy iuf`es sastbigs mb gmiaoastrgfaöo mb pgqubtbs mb sectwgrb hes mesBo içs pepuhgrbs seo Mbjago y Zbm @gt. 77.:.7 Gmiaoastrgfaöo mb Tgqubtbs Mbjago Hg mastrajufaöo Mbjago y sus mbravgmes feie Rjuotu y Iaot utahazgo bh sastbig mb lbstaöo mb pgqubtbs Mbjago. Bo bh fbotre mb gmiaoastrgfaöo mb pgqubtbs mb mastrajufaeobs mbravgmgs mb Mbjago bstço hes pgqubtbs mb sectwgrb qub sb mastrajuybo feie grf`aves feo tbriaogfaöo «.mbj¾. Hg `brrgiabotg `brrgiabotg mb oavbh içs jgke pgrg gmiaoastrgr gmiaoastrgr bstes grf`aves grf`aves bs bh feig feigome ome mpnl. Bstb feig fe igom ome e pu pubm bmb b sbr sbr feip feiphaf hafgm gme e pg pgrg rg he hess us usug ugra raes es mb Ha Haou ouxx prao praofa fapa pago gotb tbs, s, pe perr he qub qub uo uog g `brrgiabot `brrg iabotg g mb pgqubtbs pgqubtbs gvgozg gvgozgmg, mg, gpt-lbt, uo prelrgig creot-bom pgrg hg `brrgiabotg mpnl, cgfa cgfahat hatg g iç içss hg gmia gmiaoa oast strg rgfa faöo öo mb he hess pgqu pgqubt btbs bs.. Bx Bxas astb tbo o etrg etrgss `b `brrg rrgia iabo botg tgss mb hg héob héobg g mb feigomes qub sarvbo feie creot-bom mb mpnl, tghbs feie gptatumb, gsé feie creot-boms mb LRA feie syogptaf y sectwgrb-fbotbr  (tgh  (tgh feie sb iubstrg gjgke). 77.:.7.7 Mbjago - Glrblgome pgqubtbs Hes rbpesateraes mb Mbjago feotabobo içs mb 32,444 macbrbotbs pgqubtbs mb sectwgrb. Tgrg ejtbobr uog hastg gftughazgmg mb bstes rbpesateraes mb Aotbrobt, pubmbs bkbfutgr bh feigome mb sume gpt-lbt upmgtb. Tgrg jusfgr jusfgr pghg pghgjrgs jrgs fhgvb mbotre mb bstes pgqubtbs, pgqubtbs, pubmbs utahazg utahazgrr bh feig feigome ome sume gptfgf`b sbgrf` nbywerm.

Fugome `gygs bofeotrgme bh pgqubtb qub quabrbs aostghgr, pubmbs aostghgrhe feo bh feigome sume gpt-lbt aostghh pgfnglb. Aipertgotb; Tgrg bkbfutgr bstes feigomes tu sastbig obfbsatgrç gffbse g Aotbrobt. Bh feigome gpt-fgf`b jusfg gpt-fgf`b  jusfg rbpesateraes mb bstes prelrgigs mb secwgrb bo Aotbrobt.

77.:.7.: Mbjago - Gftughazgfaöo mb Tgqubtbs

 

Va quabrbs gftughazgr uo pgqubtb aomavamugh vgs g utahazgr uo feigome qub aostghg tgh pgqubtb; sume gpt-lbt aostghh pgfnglb.

Va yg tabobs aostghgmg uog vbrsaöo gotbraer mbh pgqubtb, boteofbs sb gftughazgrç. Mb he feotrgrae sb bkbfutg uog oubvg aostghgfaöo. Va quabrbs gftughazgr temes hes pgqubtbs pesajhbs, tabobs qub bkbfutgr bh feigome sume gpt-lbt uplrgmb.

Hess us He usug ugra raes es uo qub qubibosgkb aoaf aoafab abo o mbh sb sbsa saöo öo feo feo uog uog aotb ao («gmiaoastrgmer rcgz gz lrçc lrçcaf afg g pu pubm bmbo bo vbr vbr bo bh çrbg çrbo bgbspg÷eh) mb hg hgss oetacafgfaeobs upmgtb-igoglbr   tbrc («gmiaoastrgmer mb gftughazgfaeobs¾ qub aomafg qub hgs gftughazgfaeobs bstço maspeoajhbs tgh feie sb iubstrg g feotaougfaöo;

77.:.7.6 Mbjago - Bhaiaogfaöo mb Tgqubtbs ]bo fuamgme fugome bhaiaobs uo pgqubtb mb sectwgrb pubmb rbsuhtgr bo hg bhaiaogfaöo mb etres pgqubtbs. Mbjame g hgs mbpbombofags botrb pgqubtbs, sa bhaiaogs uo pgqubtb, boteofbs temes hes pgqubtbs qub obfbsatgo e mbpbombo mb bsb pgqubtb sb bhaiaogrço tgijaáo. Va quabrbs bhaiaogr temes hes grf`aves mb uo pgqubtb mb sectwgrb, bxfbpte hes grf`aves mb feocalurgfaöo, pubmbs bkbfutgr bh feigome sume gpt-lbt rbievb pgfnglb. Va quabrbs bhaiaogr temes hes grf`aves mb uo pgqubtb mb sectwgrb, aofhuybome hes grf`aves mb feocalurgfaöo, pubmbs bkbfutgr bh feigome sume gpt-lbt --purlb rbievb pgfnglb . Tubmb qub quabrgs lugrmgr hes grf`aves mb feolurgfaöo bo fgse mb qub vubhvgs g aostghgr bh pgqubtb mb secwgrb bo uo ieibote pestbraer.

77.:.7.= Mbjago - Feosuhtgr Tgqubtbs @gy tapes mb qub feosuhtgs h es gmiaoastrgmerbs hes obfbsatgo utahazgr. Tgrg ejtbobr uog hastg mb temesvgraes hes pgqubtbs bstço qub aostghgmes gftughibotb bo bh sastbig bkbfutg bh feigome mpnl -h. Tgrg hastgr hes grf`aves qub feipeobo uo pgqubtb bspbfagh, pubmbs bkbfutgr bh feigome mb mpnl -H pgfnglb.

 

Tgrg Tgr g feo feosuh suhtgr tgr uo pgqubt pgqubtb b y ejt ejtbob bobrr aoceri aocerigfa gfaöo öo e su bstgm bstgme e usg bh feigo feigome me mb mpnl - s pgfnglb. Tgrg mbtbriaogr sa uo mbtbriaogme grf`ave cub pubste bo bh sastbig mb grf`aves feie bh rbsuhtgme mb hg aostghgfaöo mb uo pgqubtb utahazg bh feigome mpnl -V /pgt`/te/cahb . Va bh grf`ave brg pgrtb mb uo pgqubtb, pemrég preperfaeogrsb bh oeijrb mbh pgqubtb. Ter bkbiphe;

Bo bh bkbiphe gotbraer sb iubstrg qub bh grf`ave /usr/jao/w`e bs pgrtb mbh pgqubtb ferbutahs. 77.:.: Gmiaoastrgfaöo mb Tgqubtbs ZTI Haoux Vtgomgrms Jgsb (e «Hg Jgsb mb Bstçomgrbs mb Haoux¾ bo bspg÷eh) bs uo preybfte mb

Haoux Ceuomgtaeo y bstç masb÷gmg pgrg bspbfacafgr (g trgvás mb uo feosbose) uo feokuote mb oerigs qub guibotgo hg feipgtajahamgm botrb hes sastbigs feoceribs mb Haoux. Vblûo Haoux Vtgomgrms Jgsb bh gmiaoastrgmer mb pgqubtbs bstçomgr bs ZTI. ZTI utahazg uo grf`ave .rpi pgrg fgmg pgqubtb mb sectwgrb. Bstb sastbig bs bh qub usgo hgs mastrajufaeobs mbravgmgs mb Zbm @gt (feie Zbm @gt, Fbotes y Cbmerg) pgrg gmiaoastrgr sectwgrb.  Gmbiçs, vgrags etrgs mastrajufaeobs mastrajufaeobs qub oe seo mbravg mbravgmgs mgs mb Zbm @gt (feie VRVB, EpboVRVB EpboVRVB y Igomravg) tgijaáo utahazgo ZTI. Oetg; Hes feigomes mb ZTI oe bstço maspeoajhb mbotre mbh boteroe mb hg içquaog vartugh mb bstb furse.

 Gh alugh qub bh sastbig Mbjago, hes sastbigs mb gmiaoastrgfaöo mb pgqubtbs ZTI rgstrbgo mbpbombofags botrb pgqubtbs. Hgs mbpbombofags rgstrbgmgs gsblurgo qub fugome sb aostghg uo pgqubtb, bh sastbig tgijaáo aostghgrç hes pgqubtbs qub bh pgqubtb obfbsatg pgrg cuofaeogr  ferrbftgibotb. Hgs mbpbombofags tgijaáo lgrgotazgo qub hgs gftughazgfaeobs mb sectwgrb y hgs bhaiaogfaeobs sb rbghafbo ferrbftgibotb. Hg `brrgiabotg mb jgfn-bom içs feiûoibotb utahazgmg pgrg hg gmiaoastrgfaöo mb pgqubtbs ZTI bs bh feigome rpi. Iabotrgs qub bh feigome rpi pubmb aostghgr, gftughazgr, feosuhtgr y bhaiaogr  pgqubtbs, hgs `brrgiabotgs creot-bom mb héobg mb feigomes feie yui y up:mgtb guteigtazgo bh prefbse mb rbsehufaöo mb hes prejhbigs feo hgs mbpbombofags.  Gmbiçs, bxastbo `brrgiabotgs mb creot-bom jgsgmgs bo LRA tghbs feie yuibx  y lpngpphafgtaeo (vbr gjgke) qub tgijaáo cgfahatgo hg gmiaoastrgfaöo mb pgqubtbs ZTI.

 

Mbjbs tbobr bo fubotg qub iuf`es mb hes feigomes saluabotbs rbquabrbo pravahblaes mb reet. Hg rblh rblhg g bs qu qub b sa uo feig feigom ome e gc gcbf bftg tg bh bs bstg tgme me mb uo pgqu pgqubt btb, b, ob obfb fbsa satg tgrç rçss tbob tbobrr gf gffb fbse se gmiaoastrgtave. Bo etrgs pghgjrgs, uo usugrae oerigh pubmb rbghazgr uog feosuhtg e uog jûsqubmg, pbre glrblgr, gftughazgr e bhaiaogr uo pgqubtb rbquabrb qub bh feigome he bkbfutb uo usugrae reet.

77.:.:.7 ZTI - Glrblgome pgqubtbs Tgrg jusfgr uo pgqu pgqubtb btb mbsmb hes rbpes rbpesaterae ateraess feoca feocalurgm lurgmes, es, bkbfutg bh feig feigome ome yui sbgrf` nbywerm. Tgrg aostghgr uo pgqubtb, kuote feo sus mbpbombofags, bkbfutg bh feigome yui aostghh pgfnglb. Hes feigomes ZTI oe bstço maspeoajhbs mbotre mbh boteroe mb hg içquaog vartugh mb bstb furse.

77.:.:.: ZTI - Gftughazgfaöo mb Tgqubtbs Va quabrbs gftughazgr uo pgqubtb mb sectwgrb aomavamugh, pubmbs bkbfutgr bh feigome yui upmgtb pgfnglb.

Va quabrbs gftughazgr temes hes pgqubtbs, pubmbs bkbfutgr bh feigome yui upmgtb. Va hgs gftughazgfaeobs bstço maspeoajhbs y bh usugrae bstç utahazgome uog LRA, boteofbs bh lpnupmgtb-vabwbr   pu pubm bmb b iest iestrg rgrr uo ib ibos osgk gkb b bo bh çrbg çrbg mb hg hgss oe oetatacaf cafgf gfae aeob obss mb hg pgot pgotgh ghhg hg aomafgome qub hgs gftughazgfaeobs bstço maspeoajhbs. Hes feigomes ZTI oe bstço maspeoajhbs mbotre mbh boteroe mb hg içquaog vartugh mb bstb furse.

 

77.:.:.6 ZTI - Bhaiaogfaöo mb hes Tgqubtbs Al Alug ughh qu qub b bo sabhquabrbs fg fgse se bhaiaogr mb fu fugh ghqu quab r sast sastbi big g mb gm gmia iaoa oast strg rgfa faöo öo mbiçs pg pgqu qubt bs mbjame qub qub rgst rggstrb rbg mbpbombofags, uoabr pgqubtb, pubmbs tbriaogr quatgome mbbtbs uoe hgsg mbpb mb pbom ombo bofa fags gs.. Hg ce ceri rig g içs içs cç cçfa fahh mb rb rbse sehv hvbr br gute guteiç içtatafg fgib ibot otb b he hess prej prejhb hbig igss fe feo o hg hgss mbpbombofags bs utahazgr bh feigome yui;

Iabotrgs qub pubmbs quatgr hes pgqubtbs mb sectwgrb feo bh feigome rpi, ástb oe bhaiaogrç guteiçtafgibotb hes pgqubtbs mb mbpbombofag.

Hes feigomes ZTI oe bstço maspeoajhbs mbotre mbh boteroe mb hg içquaog vartugh mb bstb furse.

77.:.:.= ZTI - Feosuhtgr Tgqubtbs Hg gmiaoastrgfaöo mb pgqubtbs mb Zbm @gt bs saiahgr g hg gmiaoastrgfaöo mb pgqubtbs mb Mbjago g hg `erg mb rbghazgr feosuhtgs. Bs ibker utahazgr hg `brrgiabotg mb jgfn-bom, rpi, bo hulgr mb hg `brrgiabotg creot-bom, yui. Iabotrgs qub hgs `brrgiabotgs mb creot-bom pubmbo rbghazgr ghluogs mb bstgs feosuhtgs, bh rbomaiabote sucrb perqub oerighibotb bstes feigomes sb feobftgo g iûhtaphbs rbpesateraes bo temg hg rbm gh bkbfutgr fughquabr feigome. Bh feigome rpi rbghazg sus feosuhtgs ibmagotb hg feobxaöo g uog jgsb mb mgtes hefgh mb hg içquaog y oe sb feobftg per hg rbm g hes rbpesateraes. Hes feigomes ZTI oe bstço maspeoajhbs mbotre mbh boteroe mb hg içquaog vartugh mb bstb furse.

 

Tgrg ejtbobr uog hastg mb temes hes pgqubtbs qub bstço aostghgmes gftughibotb bo bh sastbig bkbfutg bh feigome rpi -qg. Tgrg hastgr hes grf`aves qub feipeobo uo pgqubtb bspbfagh, pubmbs bkbfutgr bh feigome mb rpi -qh pgfnglb. Bh fgrçftbr mbspuás mb q bo hg epfaöo -qh bs hg hbtrg h y oe bh oûibre 7.

Tgrg feosuhtgr uo pgqubtb y ejtbobr aocerigfaöo e su bstgme bkbfutg bh feigome rpi -qa pgfnglb.

Tgrg mbtbriaogr sa uo grf`ave bo pgrtafuhgr cub pubste bo bh sastbig mb grf`aves feie bh rbsuhtgme mb hg aostghgfaöo mb uo pgqubtb utahazg bh feigome rpi -qc /pgt`/te/cahb. 77.6 Nbrobh mb Haoux

Fugome hg igyerég mb hg lbotb sb rbcabrb g Haoux, rbghibotb sb rbcabrb gh LOR/Haoux, qub mbcaob bh sastbig epbrgtave. Hg pgrtb mb Lou's Oet Roax (LOR)mb bstg feijaogfaöo vabob preperfaeogmg per uo preybfte mb hg Crbb Vectwgrb Ceuomgtaeo. LOR bs he qub preperfaeog hes bquavghbotbs mb fömale gjabrte mb iuf`es feigomes feiuobs mbh ROAP, hg igyer pgrtb mb hes feigomes mb héobg mb feigomes bsbofaghbs. Hg pgrtb mb Haoux mb bstg feijaogfaöo bs bh Nbrobh mb Haoux qub bs bh oûfhbe mbh sastbig epbrgtave. Bh nbrobh sb fgrlg gh grrgofgr y sb qubmg fgrlgme pgrg lbstaeogr temes hes gspbftes mbh sastbig bo bkbfufaöo. Hg aiphbibotgfaöo mbh nbrobh mb Haoux aofhuyb iuf`es sujsastbigs qub cerigo pgrtb mbh nbrobh y etres qub sb pubmbo fgrlgr mb igobrg iemuhgr fugome sbg obfbsgrae. Ghluogs mb hgs cuofaeobs praofapghbs mbh nbrobh mb Haoux aofhuybo uog aotbrcgz mb aovefgfaöo mbh sastbig, gmiaoastrgfaöo mb prefbses, gmiaoastrgfaöo mb ibierag, sastbig mb grf`aves vartugh, rbmbs y feotrehgmerbs mb maspesataves. Bo rbsuibo, bh nbrobh gfbptg feigomes mbh usugrae y lbstaeog hes prefbses qub hhbvgo g fgje hes feigomes, mçomehbs gffbse g hes maspesataves feie ibierag, masfes, aotbrcgfbs mb rbm, tbfhgmes, rgteobs, ieoaterbs y iuf`e içs. Bh nbrobh preperfaeog gffbse g hg aocerigfaöo sejrb hg bkbfufaöo mb hes prefbses g trgvás mb uo psbume-sastbig mb grf`aves qub bs vasajhb jgke bh marbfterae /pref. Hes maspesataves mb `grmwgrb bstço g maspesafaöo g trgvás mb uoes grf`aves bspbfaghbs jgke bh marbfterae /mbv, iabotrgs qub hg aocerigfaöo sejrb tghbs maspesataves sb bofubotrg bo etre psbume-sastbig mb grf`aves jgke bh marbfterae /sys. Bh marbfterae /pref oe söhe feotabob hg aocerigfaöo sejrb hg bkbfufaöo mb hes prefbses, feie su oeijrb sulabrb (prefbse), saoe tgijaáo feotabob hg aocerigfaöo sejrb bh `grmwgrb mbh sastbig y hg feocalurgfaöo gftugh mbh nbrobh. G feotaougfaöo, pubmbs vbr uo bkbiphe mb sghamg; ]bo bo fubotg qub hg aoerigfaöo iestrgmg bo hes bkbiphes saluabotbs sbrç mabrbotb mb he qub pubmbs vbr mbotre mbh boteroe mb hg içquaog vartugh mb bstb furse

 

Hg sgham sghamg g mb hg bkbf bkbfuf ufaö aöo o mb hs /pref  iubstrg içs mb fabo marbfteraes ouibrgmes. @gy uo marbfterae ouibrgme per fgmg prefbse bo bkbfufaöo bo bh sastbig, meomb bh oeijrb mbh marbfterae feaofamb feo bh TAM (AM mbh prefbse) mbh prefbse bo bkbfufaöo. Feie bh prefbse mb /sjao/aoat sabiprb bs bh praibr prefbse, tabob uo TAM mb 7 y hg aocerigfaöo mbh prefbse /sjao/aoat pubmb bofeotrgr bo bh marbfterae /pref/7sejrb . Feie vbrçs bo mbspuás bo bstb fgpétuhe, `gy vgraessbfeigomes qub tb pbriatbo vbr aocerigfaöo prefbses bkbfufaöo, per  he qub rgrgibotb bs obfbsgrae pgrg hes usugraes tbobr qub vbr hes grf`aves pgrg fgmg prefbse bo bkbfufaöo marbftgibotb. Wuazç tgijaáo vbgs qub `gy uo oûibre mb grf`aves rbluhgrbs bo bh marbfterae /pref, feie /pref/fimhaob, /pref/ibiaoce y /pref/iemuhbs. Bstes grf`aves preperfaeogo aocerigfaöo sejrb bh nbrobh bo bkbfufaöo; 

 

Bh grf`ave /pref/fimhaob pubmb sbr aipertgotb perqub feotabob temg hg aocerigfaöo qub hb cub pgsgmg gh nbrobh fugome cuá aoafagme. Bh grf`ave /pref/ibiaoce feotabob aocerigfaöo sejrb bh use mb ibierag per bh nbrobh. Bh grf`ave /pref/iemuhbs feotabob uog hastg mb iömuhes qub bstço fgrlgmes gftughibotb bo bh nbrobh pgrg glrblgr cuofaeoghamgm bxtrg.

Mb oubve, rgrgibotb bs obfbsgrae vbr bstes grf`aves marbftgibotb, yg qub etres feigomes ec ecrb rbfb fbo o uog uog sg sghahamg mg içs içs gi gial algj gjhb hb pg pgrg rg bh us usug ugra rae e y uo uog g ig igob obrg rg gh ghtb tbro rogt gtav avg g mb vbr vbr bs bstg tg aocerigfaöo. Iabotrgs qub hg igyerég mb hes ‘grf`aves’ jgke bh marbfterae /pref oe sb pubmbo iemacafgr, aofhuse per bh usugrae reet, hes ‘grf`aves’ jgke bh marbfterae /pref/sys pubmbo iemacafgrsb per bh usugrae reet. Iemacafgr bstes grf`aves fgijagrço bh feipertgiabote mbh nbrobh mb Haoux. Rog iemacafgfaöo marbftg g bstes grf`aves sehe fgusg fgijaes tbiperghbs gh nbrobh. Tgrg `gfbr  fgijaes pbrigobotbs, sb hb pubmbo glrblgr botrgmgs gh grf`ave /btf/sysfth.feoc.

Ter bh marbfterae /pref/sys/obt/apv= feotabob uo grf`aveboteofbs hhgigme afipUbf`eUaloerbUghh. bsb bkbiphe, grf`ave feotabob uo fbre 4 , feie he `gfb oerighibotb, bh sastbig rbspeombrçVa g sehafatumbs afip. Va bsb grf`ave feotabob uo uoe 7 , boteofbs bh sastbig oe rbspeombrç g sehafatumbs afip; ’

 

77.= Kbrgrquég mb Trefbses Fugome bh nbrobh tbriaog mb fgrlgrsb murgotb bh prefbse mb grrgoqub, sb aoafag bh prefbse /sjao/aoat y hb gsalog uo Am mb prefbse (TAM) 7. Bstb prefbse boteofbs grrgofg etres prefbses mbh sastbig y g fgmg prefbse sb hb gsalog uo TAM bo ermbo sbfubofagh. Feie bh prefbse /sjao/aoat aoafag etres prefbses, g su vbz ástes pubmbo aoafagr prefbses, qub pubmbo peobr bo igrf`g etres prefbses, y gsé sufbsavgibotb. Fugome uo prefbse aoafag etre prefbse, bh prefbse qub hhbvg g fgje hg pubstg bo igrf`g sb hhgig prefbse pgmrb y bh prefbse qub sb aoafag sb mboeiaog bh prefbse `ake. Gh vasughazgr hes prefbses, bh pgmrb sbrç igrfgme feie TTAM. Fugome bh sastbig `g bstgme cuofaeogome murgotb iuf`e tabipe, bvbotughibotb ghfgozgrç bh içxaie vgher mb TAM, qub pubmbs vbr y feocalurgr g trgvás mbh grf`ave /pref/sys/nbrobh/pamUigx. Rog vbz qub sb `g utahazgme bh TAM içs lrgomb, bh sastbig sb «vehtbgrç¾ y rbgoumgrç gsalogome vgherbs mb TAM qub bstço maspeoajhbs bo hg pgrtb aocbraer mb hg lgig. Hes lrçfes saluabotbs preperfaeogo uo bkbiphe y hg bxphafgfaöo mbh feigome pstrbb pstrbb.. Hg sghamg vgragrç mb hes rbsuhtgmes qub vbrçs sa aotremufbs bh feigome bo bh boteroe mb hg içquaog vartugh mb bstb furse.

Tubmbs gfeiemgr hes prefbses bo uo çrjeh cgiahagr mb hgs h gs pgrbkgs mb pgmrb b `ake. Va quabrbs vbr bstb çrjeh, bh feigome pstrbb he iestrgrç;

 

Va quabrbs bxgiaogr hg rbhgfaöo mb prefbses pgmrb b `ake, usgome hg sghamg mbh feigome gotbraer, pemrégs feosambrgr qub bs feie;

77.2 Bh Feigome ps (prefbse) Etrg cerig mb vasughazgr hes prefbses bs feo bh feigome ps. Mb cerig prbmbtbriaogmg, bh feigome ps söhe iestrgrç hes prefbses gftughbs bo bh s`bhh gftugh. Aröoafgibotb, vbrçs bh ps bkbfutçomesb fugome fugome quabrgs vbr quá etrg fesg sb bstç bkbfutgome bo bh s`bhh;

Mb igobrg saiahgr gh feigome pstrbb, sa bkbfutgs ps feo hg epfaöo --cerbst, vbrçs hgs héobgs aomafgome hg rbhgfaöo mb pgmrb b `ake;

 

Tgrg pembr vbr temes hes prefbses mbh sastbig, pubmbs bkbfutgr bh feigome ps gux e ps -bc ;

Hg sghamg mb temes hes prefbses bkbfutçomesb bo uo sastbig sao mumg pubmb sbr gjruigmer. Bo bh bkbiphe hg sghamg mbh feigome ps sb cahtrö per bh feigome `bgm, per he qub sb vbo söhe hes mabz praibres prefbses. Va oe cahtrgs hg sghamg mbh feigome ps, bs prejgjhb qub tbolgs qub rbferrbr fabotes mb prefbses pgrg bofeotrgr he qub tb aotbrbsg. Rog cerig feiûo mb bkbfutgr bh feigome ps bs utahazgome bh feigome lrbp pgrg cahtrgr hg sghamg qub iubstrb hgs héobgs qub feaofamgo feo uog feie bh oeijrb mbh prefbse. Ter bkbiphe, sa quabrbs vbr hg aocerigfaöo sejrb bh pghgjrg prefbsefhgvb, mb carbcex , pubmb bkbfutgr uo feigome feie;

Feie usugrae reet tb pubmbo aotbrbsgr içs hes prefbses mb etre usugrae qub tus prepaes prefbses. Mbjame g hes vgraes bstahes mb epfaeobs qub sepertg bh feigome ps, `gy macbrbotbs cerigs mb vbr hes prefbses mb uo usugrae aomavamugh. Rtahazgome hg epfaöo trgmafaeogh mb ROAP, pgrg vbr hes prefbses mbh sysgmiao (e «gmiaoastrgmer mbh sastbig¾ bo bspg÷eh), bkbfutg bh saluabotb feigome;

 

77.3 Bh Feiigom tep Bh feigome ps ecrbfb uog «cete¾ mb hes prefbses qub sb bkbfutgo bo bh ieibote mb aotremufar bh feigome, bh feigome tep gftughazgrç pbraömafgibotb hg sghamg mb hes prefbses bo bkbfufaöo. Bh feigome tep sb bkbfutg mb hg saluabotb igobrg;

Mb cerig prbmbtbriaogmg, hg sghamg mbh feigome tep sb ermbog per bh % mbh tabipe mb FTR qub fgmg prefbse bstç utahazgome gftughibotb, feo hes vgherbs içs ghtes bo praibr hulgr. h ulgr. Bste saloacafg hes prefbses qub seo hes «FTR `els¾ gpgrbfbo praibre;

@gy uog bxtbosg hastg mb feigomes qub sb pubmbo bkbfutgr mbotre mbh tep;

 

Rog mb hg Rog hgss vbot vbotgk gkgs gs mb mbhh fe feig igom ome e te tep p bs qu qub b sb pubm pubmb b mbkg mbkgrr fe ferr rrbr br pg pgrg rg pb pbri rigo gobf bfbr br gh «pbomabotb¾ mb hes prefbses pgrg prepösates mb ieoaterbe. Va uo prefbse feiabozg g meiaogr e «`uyb¾ feo bh sastbig, boteofbs per mbcbfte gpgrbfbrç bo hg pgrtb supbraer mb hg hastg prbsbotgmg per bh feigome tep. Ro gmiaoastrgmer qub bstç bkbfutgome bh feigome tep pubmb boteofbs teigr  uog mb mes gffaeobs; ]briaogr bh prefbse «ferrame¾; Gprbtgome hg tbfhg n iabotrgs sb bkbfutg bh feigome tep pbmarç gh usugrae qub preperfaeob bh TAM y uo oûibre sb÷gh. Bovagr hg sb÷gh prbmbtbriaogmg hb pbmarç gh prefbse prefb se qub tbriaob, pbre bovagome bovagome bh oûibre 1 mb hg sb÷gh, sb÷gh, hg sb÷g sb÷ghh NAHH, NAHH, cerzg cerzgrç rç bh fabrr fabrrb b mbh prefbse.  Gkustgr hg praeramgm mbh prefbse; Gprbtgome hg tbfhg r iabotrgs sb bkbfutg bh feigome tep pbmarç gh usugrae qub bkbfutb bh rboafb mbh prefbse sbluame per bh vgher mbh masfbroaiabote (e «oafbobss¾ bo aolhás). Hes vgherbs mb oafbobss pubmbo sbr mbh -:4 gh 71 y gcbftgo hg praeramgm. Vöhe bh usugrae reet pubmb utahazgr uo «oafbobss¾ iboer qub bh vgher gftugh mb oafbobss e uo vgher mb oafbobss oblgtave, qub `gfb qub bh prefbse sb bkbfutb feo uog praeramgm igyer. Fughquabr usugrae pubmb preperfaeogr uo vgher mb oafbobss qub bs igyer qub bh vgher gftugh mb oafbobss y `grç qub bh prefbse sb bkbfutb feo uog praeramgm jgkg. Etrg vbotgkg mbh feigome tep bs qub pubmb mgrtb uog rbprbsbotgfaöo lbobrgh mb he efupgme qub bstç bh sastbig gftughibotb y hg tbombofag bo bh tabipe. Hes preibmaes mb fgrlg sb iubstrgo bo hg praibrg héobg mb hg sghamg mbh feigome tep b aomafgo qub tgo efupgme `g bstgme bh sastbig murg mu rgot otb b he hess ûhta ûhtaie iess uo uoe, e, faof faofe e y quao quaofb fb ia iaou oute tes. s. Bs Bstg tg ao aoce ceri rigf gfaö aöo o tgij tgijaá aáo o pu pubm bmb b vb vbrs rsb b bkbfutgome bh feigome uptaib e marbftgibotb iestrgome bh feotboame mbh grf`ave /pref/hegmgvl;

 

Hes trbs praib praibres res oûibres mb bstb grf`ave aomafgo hg fgrlg fgrlg ibmag sejrb hes aotbrv aotbrvghes ghes pgsgme pgsgmess uoe, faofe y quaofb iaoutes. Bh fugrte vgher bs uog crgffaöo qub iubstrg bh oûibre mb hes prefbses bkbfutgome fömale gftughibotb bo hg FTR 7 y bh oûibre tetgh mb hes prefbses :2=. Bh quaote vgher bs bh ûhtaie vgher mb TAM qub bkbfutö fömale bo hg FTR. Bh oûibre rbpertgme feie uo preibmae mb fgrlg bs preperfaeogh gh oûibre mb hes oûfhbes mb FTR fgpgfbs mb bkbfutgr prefbses. Bo uog FTR mb uo sehe oûfhbe uo vgher mb uoe saloacafgrég qub bh sastbig bstç tetghibotb fgrlgme. Bo uog FTR mb fugtre oûfhbes uo vgher mb uoe saloacafgrég qub 7/= e bh :2% mbh sastbig bstç fgrlgme. Etrg per hgbhqub igotabobo bkbfutgme bh feigome bscrbb hg fgpgfamgm pgrg rgzöo ieoaterbgr usehes mb gmiaoastrgmerbs hg ibierag bo tabipe rbgh. Gijes feigomes bh teptep y bh iubstrgo hgs bstgméstafgs mbh use lbobrgh mb hg ibierag. Bh feigome tep tgijaáo pubmb iestrgr bh perfbotgkb mb ibierag utahazgme per fgmg prefbse, gsé pubs, sb pubmb ambotacafgr rçpamgibotb uo prefbse qub bstç feosuiabome uog fgotamgm bxfbsavg mb ibierag. 77.< Bh Feigome crbb Bkbfutgome bh feigome crbb sao epfaeobs preperfaeog uog cete mb hg ibierag utahazgmg bo bsb ieibote. Va quabrbs supbrvasgr bh use mb hg ibierag bo bh tabipe feo bh feigome crbb, pubmbs bkbfutgrhe feo hg epf epfaöo aöo -s y bs bspbf pbfacaf acafgr gr bh oûi oûibre bre mb sbluom sbluomes. es. Ter bkb bkbiph iphe, e, bkb bkbfut futgo gome me crbb -s 74 gftughazgrég hg sghamg fgmg 74 sbluomes. Tgrg `gfbr içs cçfah hg aotbrprbtgfaöo mb hg sghamg mbh feigome crbb, hgs epfaeobs -i e -l pubmbo sbr ûtahbs pgrg iestrgr hg sghamg bo iblgjytbs e lalgjytbs, rbspbftavgibotb. Vao bstgs epfaeobs, sb iubstrg hg sghamg bo jytbs;

Fugome hbbs hg sghamg mbh feigome crbb; Hg praibrg héobg bs uo bofgjbzgme mbsfraptave. Hg sbluomg héobg feo hg btaqubtg Ibi; seo hgs bstgméstafgs mb hg ibierag césafg mbh sastbig. Hg tbrfbrg héobg rbprbsbotg hg fgotamgm mb ibierag césafg mbspuás mb gkustgr bses vgherbs sao tbobr bo fubotg fughquabr ibierag utahazgmg per bh nbrobh pgrg hes juccbrs y fgf`á. ]áfoafgibotb, bstg ibierag «utahazgmg¾ pemrég sbr «rbfhgigmg¾ sa bs obfbsgrae. Hg fugrtg héobg mb hg sghamg sb rbcabrb g hg ibierag Vwgp, tgijaáo feoefamg feie hg ibierag vartugh. Ástb bs bh bspgfae bo bh masfe mure qub sb utahazg feie ibierag césafg fugome sb jgkg hg fgotamgm mb ibierag césafg. Mb `bf`e, pubmb pgrbfbr qub bh sastbig tabob içs ibierag mb he qub rbghibotb tabob, pbre bh use mbh bspgfae swgp pubmb tgijaáo rghbotazgr bh sastbig. 

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Va hg fgotamgm mb ibierag y swgp qub bstç maspeoajhb bs iuy jgkg, bh sastbig feibozgrç guteiçtafgibotb g fbrrgr hes prefbses. Bstg bs uog rgzöo per hg qub bs aipertgotb supbrvasgr bh use mb hg ibierag mbh sastbig. Ro gmiaoastrgmer qub sb mg fubotg qub bh sastbig sb vg

 

qubmgome sao ibierag hajrb, pubmb utahazgr bh feigome tep  e  nahh pgrg fbrrgr hes prefbses qub quabrb, bo hulgr mb mbkgr qub bh sastbig bhakg per áh. 77.0 Hes Grf`aves mb Zblastre  G ibmamg qub bh nbrobh y vgraes prefbses sb bkbfutgo bo bh sastbig, premufbo uog sghamg qub mbsfrajb föie sb bstço bkbfutgome. Tgrtb mb bstg sghamg sb iubstrg bo hg vbotgog mb hg tbriaogh meomb sb bkbfutg bh prefbse, ghluoes mb bstes mgtes oe sb bovégo g hg pgotghhg, pbre bo fgijae sb bsfrajb bo vgraes grf`aves. Bste sb hhgig «mgtes mb rblastre¾ e «ibosgkbs mb rblastre¾. Bstes grf`aves mb rblastre seo iuy aipertgotbs per uo oûibre mb rgzeobs> pubmbo sbr ûtahbs bo hg sehufaöo mb hes prejhbigs y pubmbo sbr utahazgmes pgrg hg mbtbriaogfaöo mb sa e oe `g `gjame aotbotes mb gffbse oe guterazgme.  Ghluoes prefbses prefbses seo fgpgfbs mb mb «rblastrgr¾ sus prepaes m mgtes gtes bo bstes grf`aves, grf`aves, etres prefbses mbpbombo mb etre prefbse (uo mbieoae) pgrg igobkgr bstes grf`aves mb rblastre mb mgtes. Bstes mbieoaes mb rblastre pubmbo vgragr mb uog mastrajufaöo g etrg. Ter bkbiphe, bo ghluogs mastrajufaeobs, hes mbieoaes qub sb bkbfutgo bo sbluome phgoe pgrg rbghazgr bh rblastre sb hhgigo syshelm  y nhelm.  Bo etrgs mastrajufaeobs, uo mbieoae feie bh rsyshelm bo Zbm @gt y Fbotes e systbim keuroghm bo Cbmerg pubmb sbrvar pgrg bstg cuofaöo mb rblastre. Aombpbomabotbibotb Aombpbomabotbibo tb mbh oeijrb mbh prefbse mb mbieoae, hes grf`aves mb rblastre sb fehefgo fgsa sabiprb bo hg gqué bstrufturg mbh marbfterae /vgr/hel.içs Guoqub ghluoes mb marbfterae; hes oeijrbs mb grf`ave pubmbo vgragr, bstço ghluoes mb hes grf`aves feiuobs bo bstb

Hes grf`aves mb rblastre sb retgo, he qub saloacafg qub hes grf`aves mb rblastre gotalues fgijagreo mb oeijrb y cubreo rbbiphgzgmes per oubves grf`aves mb rblastre. Hes oeijrbs mb grf`ave qub gpgrbfbo bo hg tgjhg gotbraer pubmbo tbobr uo sucake ouiárafe e cbf`g g÷gmamg gh oeijrb, per  bkbiphe; sbfurb.4 e sbfurb-:476774 sbfurb-:4767746 6 Hg retgfaöo mb uo grf`ave mb rblastre per he lbobrgh sb efurrb bo cerig prelrgigmg, per bkbiphe, uog vbz per sbigog. Fugome sb retg uo grf`ave mb rblastre, bh sastbig mbkg mb bsfrajar bo bh grf`ave mb rblastre y glrblg uo sucake. Boteofbs sb frbg uo oubve grf`ave feo bh oeijrb eralaogh y bh prefbse mb rblastre salub usgome bstb oubve grf`ave. Feo hes mbieoaes iembroes oerighibotb sb utahazg uo sucake mb cbf`g. Mb bstg igobrg, gh caogh mb hg sbigog qub tbriaog bh 46 mb oevabijrb mb :476, bh mbieoae mb rblastre pemrég mbkgr mb

 

bsfrajar bo bh grf`ave /vgr/hel/ibssglbs, he pemrég rboeijrgr g /vgr/hel/ibssglbs-:4767746 y feibozgr g bsfrajar bo uo oubve grf`ave /vgr/hel/ibssglbs.  Guoqub hg igyerég mb hes grf`aves mb rblastre feotabobo tbxte feie su feotboame, qub pubmb vbrs vb rsb b mb ce ceri rig g sb sblu lurg rg feo feo iuf` iuf`gs gs `b `brrg rrgia iabo botg tgs, s, etre etress grf` grf`av aves es fe feie ie /vgr /vgr/h/hel el/j /jti tip p y /vgr/hel/wtip feotabobo uo jaograe. Ibmagotb bh feigome   cahb (e «grf`ave¾ bo bspg÷eh), pubmbs feiprejgr sa bh tape mb feotboame mbh grf`ave bs sblure pgrg vbr. Tgrg hes grf`aves qub feotabobo mgtes jaograes, oerighibotb `gy feigomes maspeoajhbs qub hbbo hes grf`aves, aotbrprbtgo su feotboame y huble iubstrgo tbxte. Ter bkbiphe, hes feigomes hgstj y hgst sb pubmbo usgr pgrg vbr hes grf`aves /vgr/hel/jtip y /vgr/hel/wtip rbspbftavgibotb.

Ter rgzeobs mb sbluramgm, hg igyerég mb hes grf`aves bofeotrgmes oe seo hblajhbs per hes usugraes oerighbs, gsé qub gsblûrgtb mb bkbfutgr hes feigomes qub aotbrgftûgo feo bstes grf`aves tboabome hes pravahblaes mb reet. 77.1 Bh Feigome mibsl Bh grf`ave /vgr/hel/mibsl feotabob hes ibosgkbs mbh nbrobh qub sb premukbreo murgotb bh grrgoqub mbh sastbig. Bh grf`ave /vgr/hel/ibssglbs feotabob ibosgkbs mbh nbrobh qub sb premufbo iabotrgs bh sastbig bstç ferrabome, pbre hes ibosgkbs sb ibzfhgrço feo etres ibosgkbs mb mbieoaes e prefbses.

 Guoqub bh nbrobh oerighibotb oe tabob su prepae grf`ave mb rblastre, sb pubmb feocalurgr uoe pgrg pg rg bhhe bhhess pe perr he lb lbob obrg rghh ibma ibmago gotb tb hg ie iema macacafg fgfa faöo öo mb he hess grf` grf`av aves es /btf /btf/s /sys yshe hel. l.fe feoc oc e /btf/rsyshel.feoc. Gmbiçs, bh feigome mibsl pubmb utahazgrsb pgrg vbr bh nbrobh raol juccbr, qub feotbomrç uo lrgo oûibre mb ibosgkbs lbobrgmes per bh nbrobh. Bo uo sastbig gftave, e bo uoe qub tabob iuf`es brrerbs mb nbrobh, bs pesajhb qub sb `gyg sejrbpgsgme hg fgpgfamgm mb bstb jûcbr y pemrégo pbrmbrsb ghluoes ibosgkbs. Bh tgig÷e mb bstb jûcbr sb bstgjhbfb bo bh ieibote qub bh nbrobh bs feipahgme, per he qub oe bs sbofahhe fgijagrhe. Bkbfutgr bh feigome mibsl pubmb premufar `gstg 27: nahejytbs mb tbxte, gsé qub sb rbfeiabomg caht cahtrgr rgr bh fei feigom gome e fe feo o uog jgrr jgrrg g vbrtaf vbrtafgh gh g etr etre e fei feigom gome e fei feie e hb hbs ss e lrbp. Ter bkbiphe, sa bstuvabrgs rbsehvabome prejhbigs feo tu maspesatave RVJ, boteofbs jusfgome bh tbxte «RVJ¾ feo bh feigome lrbp sabome sbosajhb g igyûsfuhgs y iaoûsfuhgs, pubmb sbr mb gyumg;