Linguistic Varieties and Multilingual Nations-1

 

LINGUIS LINGUISTIC TIC V ARIETI ARIETIES ES AND MULTILINGUAL NATIONS BY :

1.

ADELYA ADELY A OCTAVY OCTAVYANTY ANTY

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FIRA FITRI FITRI ALVION ALVIONY Y

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GILANG SATRIA SATRIA ARISTA ARISTA

 

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More than half the world's population is bilingual and many are multilingual. They get a number of languages because they need it for a different purpose in their daily interactions. One language is the language of eth ethnic nic or tribal, the other is tthe he language of education, the other ser served ved as a use useful ful language of wider communication in certain contexts, such as the market or with outsiders or tour tourists. ists. In this chapter will examine the label and sociolinguistic criteria used to distinguish between different varieties or code in a multilingual society

 

1. VERNACULAR VERNACULAR LANGUA LANGUAGES GES It generally refers to a language which has not been standardized and which does not have official status.

Vernacular are usually the first language learned by people in multilingual language communicaties, and they are often used for a relatively narrow range of in informal formal functions.

Example Examp le :

Like a children are talking with their friends used informal language from his places. That is the Vernacular language that tthey hey use.

 

THREE MAIN COMPONENTS OF VERNACULAR LANGUAGES 1.

A Vernacular is an uncondified or unstandardized

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It refers to the most colloquial c olloquial variety in the person’s linguistic repertoires

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It is used to indicate that a language is used in informal everyday interactions without implying that it is appropriate

 

2. STANDARD LANGUAGE Recognized as a prestigious variety or code by a community community.. Generally is written, and has undergone some degree of regularization or codification.

Standard language is most useful and widely used as an official language or the national language.

Example: Human in their places use sta standard ndard language in their places. Lik Like e Indonesia, we used Bahasa Indonesia as Standard Languages.

 

3. LINGUA FRANCA A language used for communication between different language users, for people whose first languages lan guages differ.

Example : - Academics and experts meet at International Conf Conference erence or when politicans arrange summit meetings ; English, French, or Spanish is often used as a lingu linguaa franca. - Like in Bali, many people want to talk with ot other her people use Balinese language

 

4. PIDGIN Pidgin is a language that has no native speakres: this is not someone’s first language, but a contact language, and is the result of a multilingual situation, where someone who wants to communicate with others must find a way or develop simple codes. Pidgin is also a language that arises as a result of interaction between two groups that speak different languages and do not understand what is being said to each other, so they use what is cal called led this  pidgin to communicate. communicate.

 

EXAMPLE: Trader in the Tanah Lot area speak to Foreign tourists in English. English is used as the basis and the pronounciation is adapted to the Indonesian tongue, for example: •

peri cip (ve (very ry che cheap) ap) = san sangat gat mur murah ah

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paip pai p (fiv (five) e) = lim limaa

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masas (massag (massage) e) = pesan

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tosen tose n (thou (thousand sand)) = ser seribu ibu

 

5. CREOLE A Creole is when a pidgin language is adopted by a community as its native tongue and children learn it as as first language.

According to the Cambridge Encylopedia of Language, a Crole is “a pidgin which has become the mother tongue of a community” and therefore has native speakers.

Example: Bahasa Melayu was adopted as Bahasa Persatuan Persatuan (unifying language) called Bahasa Indonesia.After being adopted as Indonesian community, it has been learn by Indonesian people as native language. At present, there are native speakers of the language.

 

CONCLUSION •

Vernacular is the language used in daily ccommunication ommunication and most of them are not codified

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Standard language are codified. It is an official language

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Lingua Franca is a language used for communication between people whose first language differ

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Pidgin is a language that has no native speaker Creole is a pidgin that has gained native speakers

 

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