Line Differntial Toshiba
Short Description
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Description
GRL100 FEATURES
APPLICATION
Fully numerical line protection for use with digital telecommunication systems, including networks that employ SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) technology
GRL100 provides high-speed and phase-segregated line differential protection for use with telecommunication systems. For telecommunication systems, dedicated optical fibre, 64 kbps multiplexed communication channels or microwave links are employed.
Intra-system synchronisation and GPS-based synchronisation
GRL100 system is a master/master design. Each terminal has a differential calculation function and performs arithmetical operation independently and simultaneously.
GPS-based synchronisation is particularly suited to switched telecommunication networks employing the SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) standard, whose split path message routing can cause unwanted operation of traditional differential protections.
GRL100 measures the transmission delay automatically and compensates the delay time continuously to perform correct differential calculation.
Operating time typically 1 cycle
The relay can be applied in various EHV/HV network configurations.
Master/master design Automatic transmission delay compensation
CT ratio correction Applicable to various lines such as two-terminal or three-terminal lines, overhead lines or underground cables, etc.
Phase-segregated differential protection
Charging current compensation
Backup directional earth fault command protection with forward and reverse looking element
Overcurrent backup protection
Transfer tripping
Configurable binary inputs and outputs
Automatic monitoring
IRIG-B port for external clock
Zero-sequence current differential protection for high resistance earth faults
Overhead lines or underground cables Two-terminal or three-terminal lines Lines with weak or no-infeed Single or parallel lines Lines with heavy load current Short or long distance lines
GRL100 provides the following protection schemes:
Distance protection with independent three forward and one reverse zone
Overvoltage and undervoltage protection
Phase-segregated current differential protection (DIF) provides high reliability and security for diverse faults including single-phase and multi-phase faults and double-faults on double-circuit lines and developing faults.
Zero-sequence current differential protection (DIFG) enables sensitive protection for high impedance earth faults.
Distance protection provides three forward and one reverse protection zone for phase and earth faults.
Directional earth fault protection provides protection for earth fault with carrier scheme protection.
Non-directional overcurrent backup protection provides both inverse time overcurrent and definite time overcurrent protection for phase faults and earth faults.
Thermal overload protection provides protection for cables and other plants
Stub fault protection for one-and-a-half breaker scheme
Out-of-step protection performs phase comparison of the local and remote voltages and operates only when the out-of-step loci cross the protected line.
Breaker failure protection provides a re-tripping and/or backup tripping function for circuit breaker failure.
Thermal overload protection Stub fault protection for one-and-a-half busbar system Out-of-step protection Broken conductor detection Breaker failure protection Fail-safe overcurrent scheme Autoreclose function CT fail detection Accurate fault location using all terminal currents and voltages Programmable logic for I/O configuration, alarms, indications, recording, etc. Metering and recording functions Menu-driven user interfaces RS232C port for a local PC and RS485 or Fibre optic for a remote PC
For current differential protection, a charging current compensation function is provided.
Data communication with substation control and automation systems is supported according to the IEC 60870-5-103 standard.
For through-fault current in one-and-a-half circuit breaker configurations, a countermeasure for CT saturation is provided. (Model 503 and 513)
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GRL100 GRL100 can provide high-speed single-shot autoreclose or multi-shot autoreclose.
The relay can be accessed from a local PC or a remote PC through communication ports.
GRL100 provides the following metering and recording functions:
A local PC can be connected to the relay via the RS232C port on the front fascia of the relay. Either one or two rear ports (RS485 or fibre optic) are provided for connection to a remote PC and for IEC60870-5-103 communication with a substation control and automation system. Further, Ethernet LAN port (TCP/IP) can be provided.
Metering Fault recording Event recording Fault location Disturbance recording
Table 1 and Table 2 show all of the functions that can be incorporated in GRL100 models applied to two-terminal line and three-terminal line or two terminal line with dual communication.
GRL100 provides the following user interfaces for relay setting or viewing stored data:
Relay front panel: LEDs, LCD display and operation keys Local PC Remote PC
Table 1: Relay model and function Model
10X / 11X
20X / 21X
30X / 31X
40X / 411
501 / 511
503 / 513
70X / 71X
DIF DIST DEF
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x x
1CB
2CB
1CB x
2CB x
2CB x x
1CB/2CB
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x
ARC FD TFC DIFG CCC BF OST FL OC/EF THM BCD OV UV
x x
Model X0X: For two-terminal end application Model X1X: For three-terminal end application or two-terminal end application with dual communication Legend
DIF: DIST: DEF ARC: FD: TFC: DIFG: CCC: BF: OST: FL: OC/EF THM BCD OV: UV:
Phase-segregated current differential protection Backup distance protection Directional earth fault protection Autoreclose Fault detector provided with independent MPU and trip contact for fail-safe function Through-fault current countermeasure Zero-phase current differential protection Charging current compensation Breaker failure protection Out-of-step protection Fault locator Overcurrent backup protection Thermal overload protection Broken conductor detection Overvoltage protection Undervoltage protection
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GRL100 A
RELAY FUNCTIONS
Id
Phase-segregated Current Differential Protection
0
5/6DIFI1
0
Small current region characteristic (Slope=1/6)
Operating zone
Figure 2 Zero-phase current differential element
Large current region characteristic (Slope=1)
Charging Current Compensation (Models 200 through 700)
When current differential protection is applied to underground cables or long-distance overhead lines, the charging current of the lines cannot be ignored. It appears as an erroneous differential current in the no-fault condition and under external fault conditions. If the charging current is included within the setting, the fault detection sensitivity deteriorates for an internal fault.
Ir
-2DIFI2
To suppress the effect of the charging current and maintain its high fault detection sensitivity, the GRL100 has a charging current compensation function which derives the charging current component from the phase current.
Id: Differential current (|IA + IB + IC|) Ir: Restraining current (|IA| + |IB| + |IC|) DIFI1: Setting of small current region DIFI2: Setting of large current region
Figure 1 Percentage ratio differential element
The amplitude of the charging current varies with that of the running voltage of the line. When the value of charging current (DIFIC) at the rated voltage is input, the GRL100 calculates and compensates the charging current at the running voltage.
The characteristic is composed of a small current region and a large current region. When the fault current is large, a large ratio is employed in the large current region of the characteristic since it is affected by CT saturation.
Thus, instead of the phase current Ia, a compensated current I = Ia - DIFIC is used for protection at all terminals.
Since a high level of sensitivity can be attained with the current differential relay, it can also detect high impedance faults provided that the load current is not too large.
Ir
Id: Differential current (|IA + IB + IC|) Ir: Restraining current (|IA| + |IB| + |IC|) DIFGI: Setting value
IB
C
IB
Slope=1/6
5/6DIFGI
Id IC
IC
Operating zone
B IA
IA C
GRL100 provides high-speed phase-segregated current differential protection for both phase-to-phase faults and phase-to-earth faults. The phase-segregated current differential protection exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity for various types of faults. It has the percentage ratio differential characteristic as shown in Figure 1. A
B
Zero-sequence Current Differential Protection for High Impedance Earth Faults (Models 200 through 700)
Dual Communication
Three-terminal application models have dual communication mode. By connecting the remote terminal with dual communication routes, even if one of the routes fails, it is possible to continue sampling synchronization and protection by the current differential relay.
Zero-sequence current differential protection can detect high impedance earth faults even with heavy load current. It has the percentage ratio differential characteristic shown in Figure 2. As the restraining current is the scalar sum of the zero-sequence current at each terminal, the relay sensitivity is not affected by load current. When the zero-sequence current differential protection operates, it performs time-delayed three- phase tripping.
CH1
GRL100 CH2
CH1
GRL100 CH2
Figure 3 Dual Communication
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GRL100
Countermeasure for Through- Fault Current (Model 503 and 513)
αzone
As shown in Figure 4, for an external fault on a one-and-a-half busbar system, a large fault current IA flows through CT1A and CT2A. If the saturation levels of CT1A and CT2A are different, an erroneous differential current may occur between IA1 and IA2 as a result of CT saturation.
VB 0
This may cause terminal B to operate incorrectly if it is a weak infeed terminal and the restraining current is small.
βzone VA: Local terminal voltage VB: Remote terminal voltage
To cope with the through-fault current, GRL100 can be set to output tripping commands under the condition that the differential protection operates at both terminals. Terminal A
Figure 5 Out-of-step protection element
Terminal B
IB
IA CT2A IA2
Communication IA1+IA2
CT2B IB1+IB2
IB2
IA1+IA2 IB1+IB2
Figure 4 Through-fault current on one-and-a-half busbar system
Stub Protection
Stub protection operates for a fault in a stub zone on one-and-a-half busbar system. With the auxiliary contact of the line disconnector open, only the local terminal current is used as the operating quantity by setting the remote terminal current data to zero.
Z3 BFRS
BFR2S
Z2S
Transfer Trip Function
BFR1S
Z1S
GRL100 provides a transfer trip function which receives a trip signal from the remote terminal and outputs a trip command. Two transfer trip commands are provided. The sending signal is configured by PLC function. If the sending signal is assigned on a per phase basis by PLC, single-phase tripping is available.
Distance Protection (Model 700)
GRL100 provides backup distance protection scheme to keep reliable line protection under loss or failure of telecommunication channel. It provides independent three zones for forward and one zone for reverse faults protection. The characteristics are shown in the Figure 6 and 7. Individual measurement zone is provided for phase-fault and earth-fault.
Fault
Fail-safe OC/OCD/EFD Scheme
GRL100 provides OC, OCD and EFD elements for fail-safe to prevent unwanted operation caused by error data in communication failure. OC is a phase overcurrent element, OCD is a phase current change detection element, and EFD is a zero-sequence current change detection element.
IB1 CT1B
IA1 CT1A
VA
Z1Sθ1
BRRS
75°
ZRS
BRLS
Z3Sθ
Z4S
(a) Phase fault measuring element
Out-of-Step Protection (Models 200 through 700)
Z3G
By transmitting the phase information of the local voltage to the remote terminal, the out-of-step protection can measure the phase difference between the terminals of a transmission line. It detects an out-of-step condition when the difference in the phase angle exceeds 180°and trips both terminals.
BFRG
BFR2G
Z2G
Z1G
BFR1G Z1Gθ1
The out-of-step protection can detect an out-of-step condition even with a high rate of slip.
BRRG
75°
Z3Gθ
BRLG
ZRG Z4G
(b) Earth fault element Figure 6 Mho-based characteristics
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GRL100 Z3S
BFR1S
BRRS
ZRS
Two independent timers are available, one of which can be used to control the RETRIP of the original circuit breaker(s). The second timer is used to control the back trip of adjacent circuit breakers.
BRLS
Z4S
(a) Phase fault measuring element BFRG
Z3G
Z2G
For high-speed protection, an overcurrent element with high-speed reset time is used to prevent a spurious re-trip or back trip following a successful trip or re-trip action.
BFR2G
Z1G BFR1G
Inverse time overcurrent protection consists of an IDMT (inverse definite minimum time) element. IDMT is available in conformity with either of three IEC standard characteristics (Standard inverse, Very inverse and Extremely inverse) or a Long-time inverse. The characteristics of each IDMT are shown in Figure 9.
BRLG
Z4G
(b) Earth fault element Figure 7 Quadrilateral Characteristics
Non-Directional Overcurrent Backup Protection
GRL100 provides inverse time and definite time overcurrent protections for both phase faults and earth faults.
BRRG
ZRG
Breaker Failure Protection (Models 200 through 700)
When an overcurrent element remains in operation longer than a pre-determined length of time following the output of a trip signal the associated circuit breaker is judged to have failed and adjacent circuit breakers can be tripped as a back-up measure.
BFR2S
Z2S
Z1S
BFRS
The IDMT element has a reset feature with definite time reset.
Directional Earth Fault Protection (Model 700)
If the reset time is set to instantaneous, then no intentional delay is added. As soon as the energising current falls below the reset threshold, the element returns to its reset condition.
The GRL100 provides directional earth fault protection. Both forward and reverse looking elements are available for inverse time or definite time operation. The system residual voltage is used as the polarizing signal. The residual voltage is obtained by direct measurement or derived internally from the three phase-to-neutral voltages.
If the reset time is set to some value in seconds, then an intentional delay is added to the reset period. If the energising current exceeds the setting for a transient period without causing tripping, then resetting is delayed for a user-definable period. When the energising current falls below the reset threshold, the integral state (the point towards operation that it has travelled) of the timing function (IDMT) is held for that period.
The directional earth fault elements have a user selectable minimum voltage threshold. DEF protection using telecommunication is provided with forward and reverse looking DEF element. The characteristics are shown in Figure 8.
This does not apply following a trip operation, in which case resetting is always instantaneous.
Backward DEF
Definite time overcurrent protection is enabled by the instantaneous overcurrent element and pickup-delay timer. -3V0
Forward DEF
Tripping by each element can be disabled by the scheme switches, and overcurrent backup protection can be blocked by a binary input signal.
3I0
The definite time earth fault element (EF) can be configured to issue either an alarm and/or trip signal.
Figure 8 Directional Earth Fault Characteristics
Broken Conductor Protection (Model 700)
Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection (Model 700)
GRL100 (Model 700) provides two-stage overvoltage protections for both phase-to-phase voltage input and phase-to-neutral voltage input. The first stage can be set for inverse time or definite time operation, and the second stage set for definite time operation. In total, therefore, the
The unbalance condition caused by an open circuited conductor is detected by the broken conductor protection. An unbalance threshold with programmable definite time delay is provided.
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GRL100 entering settings for full load current and thermal time constant. The GRL100 issues a trip according to the ‘cold’ and ‘hot’ curves specified in IEC60255-8 (see Figure 10), to prevent the protected system from exceeding its thermal capacity. The cold curve tripping times are applicable when the system is first energised, while the hot curves are relevant when the system has already been carrying some prior load for a period of time. An alarm output is also available to give early warning of high load current, set as a percentage of thermal capacity.
GRL100 provides four independent overvoltage thresholds. The GRL100 also provides four independent undervoltage thresholds with two-stage undervoltage protection for phase-to-phase voltage input and two-stage undervoltage protection for phase-to-neutral voltage input. The undervoltage protection is provided with an undervoltage blocking function to prevent undervoltage tripping in the case of a dead line.
Thermal overload protection is not provided with model 400series and 500series. IEC60255-8 Thermal Characteristics Thermal Curves (Cold Curve - no prior load)
Thermal Curves (Hot Curve 90% prior load)
1000
1000
100
10
τ=100 1
τ=50
Operate Time (minutes)
Operate Time (minutes)
100
τ=20
10
1 τ=100 τ=50
0.1
τ=20 τ=10
τ=10 0.1
τ=5
τ=5
0.01
τ=2
τ=2
τ=1
τ=1
0.01
0.001
1
10
1
Overload Current (Multiple of k.IFLC)
⎡ ⎤ I2 t = τ .Ln ⎢ 2 ; 2 ⎥ ⎣ I − (k .I FLC ) ⎦ IEC60255-8 ‘Cold’ Curve
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Overload Current (Multiple of k.IFLC)
⎡ I 2 − I P2 ⎤ t = τ .Ln ⎢ 2 2⎥ ⎣ I − (k .I FLC ) ⎦ IEC60255-8 ‘Hot’ Curve
t = time to trip for constant overload current I (seconds) I = overload current (largest phase current) (pu) IP = previous load current (pu) k.IFLC (or Iθ) = thermal overload current setting (pu) τ = thermal time constant (seconds) Ln = natural logarithm
Figure 10 IEC60255-8 Thermal characteristics
Most faults on HV and EHV overhead transmission lines are transient faults, which are removed following line de-energization. After a short time, the hot gases disperse and the air de-ionizes. After clearing the fault and deionizing the fault arc, reclosing can be performed. GRL100 provides two autoreclose schemes, single-shot autoreclose and multi-shot autoreclose.
Figure 9 IDMT operating time characteristics
Autoreclose (Models 200 through 700)
Thermal Overload Protection (Model 100, 200, 300 and 700)
The thermal overload feature provides protection for cables and other plant against the effects of prolonged operation under excess load conditions. A thermal replica algorithm is applied to create a model for the thermal characteristics of the protected plant. Tripping times depend not only on the level of overload current, but also on the level of prior load current, the thermal replica providing ‘memory’ of previous conditions.
Single-shot autoreclose
Single-shot reclosing can provide any of four autoreclose modes; single-phase autoreclose, three-phase autoreclose, single-and three-phase autoreclose and multiphase autoreclose. In the single-phase autoreclose mode, only a faulted phase is tripped, and then reclosed if a single-phase earth fault occurs.
The thermal characteristics of the system are defined by
In the three-phase autoreclose mode, all three phases are
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GRL100
tripped, and then reclosed regardless of the fault mode, whether a single-phase fault or a multi-phase fault has occurred.
For ultra-critical applications, where security is the over-riding concern and a two-out-of-two tripping philosophy is specified, GRL100 can be provided with an independent fault detector. This fault detector contains its own main processing unit (MPU) and trip contacts. The trip contacts of the main protection are connected in series with the fault detector trip contacts to ensure completely fail-safe operation.
In the single- and three-phase autoreclose mode, the single-phase is reclosed if a single-phase is tripped and the three phases are reclosed if three phases are tripped.
Multi-shot autoreclose
In a multi-shot autoreclose, two- to four-shot reclosing can be selected. The first shot is selected from any of the four autoreclose modes available in the single-shot autoreclose scheme.
The fault detector incorporates the following six fault detection elements.
If reclosing by the first shot fails, three-phase tripping and reclosing is applied for the second to fourth shots.
Synchronism check
For the correct operation of three-phase autoreclose, voltage and synchronism check are necessary. The characteristics of the synchronism check element are shown in Figure 11.
VL: Line voltage VB: Busbar voltage θ: Synchronism check angle
VB 0 deg
Operating zone UV
Figure 11 Synchronism check element A detected slip cycle is determined by the following equation:
θ 180°×TSYN
where,
Earth fault overcurrent element Undervoltage element for earth fault detection Undervoltage element for phase fault detection Undervoltage change detection element
Interfaces with Telecommunication Systems
The electrical interface supports CCITT G703-1.2.1, -1.2.2, -1.2.3, X.21(RS530) and RS422. Twisted pair cable is used for connecting the relay and multiplexer. In the case of an optical link via a multiplexer, the optical interface unit G1IF1 (optical to electrical converter) is required for connecting to the multiplexer. The electrical interface between the converter and the multiplexer supports CCITT G703 -1.2.1, -1.2.2, -1.2.3, and X.21(RS530).
OV
f: θ: TSYN:
Current change detection element
GRL100 can be provided with the following interface(s) and linked to a dedicated optical fibre communication circuit or multiplexed communication circuit (multiplexer) shown in Figure 12.
θ
f=
Multi-level overcurrent element
Current data sampled at the local terminal is transmitted to the remote terminal(s) via the telecommunication system.
VL
θ
Fault Detector (Models 400 through 500)
slip cycle synchronism check angle setting synchronism check timer setting
One-and-a-half busbar system (Model 300, Model 500, Model 700)
GRL100 performs two-breaker autoreclose in a oneand-a-half breaker configuration. Single-shot autoreclose is only available in Models 300, 500, and 700. Single-phase autoreclose, three-phase autoreclose, single and three-phase autoreclose or multi- phase autoreclose can be applied to the two circuit breakers. The autoreclose scheme is different depending on the reclosing mode.
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GRL100 GRL100 Opt. I/F
Event Record
The most recent 480 time-tagged events are stored with 1ms resolution. Events recorded are as follows. Optical Fibre 64kbps
a) Optical interface Optical I/F Unit G1IF1
GRL100 Opt. I/F GI Opt. Fibre < 2km SWL, 64kbps
Multiplexer
(Option)
Tripping and reclosing Alarms Change of binary input signal Change of relay setting Relay failure
Fault Record
A relay trip initiates fault recording. Time-tagged fault data can be stored for the 8 most recent faults. Fault record items are as follows.
CCITT-G703. ITUT-X.21 Bit rate: 64kbps
- Date and time - Faulted phase
b) Optical interface using multiplexer
- Phases tripped - Tripping mode
GRL100 Elec. I/F
- Fault location
Multiplexer
- Pre-fault and post-fault current and voltage data (phase, phase to phase, symmetrical components) - Autoreclose operation
Twisted pair wire CCITT-G703. ITUT-X.21 Bit rate: 64kbps
Fault location is initiated with operation of the current differential protection.
c) Electrical interface using multiplexer
The fault locator measures the distance to fault on the protected line utilizing both the local and remote current & voltages. In principle, this method of measurement is free from the errors that are inherent with the standard impedance measuring method normally employed.
Figure 12 Telecommunication system
METERING AND RECORDING
Metering and Monitoring
Fault location is indicated in km and % for the whole length of the protected line. The result of fault location calculation is stored as fault record data.
The following power system data is measured continuously and can be displayed on the LCD on the relay fascia, at the local PC, and the remote PC.
Local and remote terminal currents (phase, phase to phase, symmetrical components)
Differential current and restraint current
Voltage phase differential between both terminals of the transmission line
Active power and reactive power
Fault Location
Disturbance Record
The relay can record 19 analog signals and 32 binary signals. The disturbance recorder is initiated by operation of the overcurrent element, undervoltage element or relay tripping.
Voltages (phase, phase to phase, symmetrical components)
In respect to analog data, the local phase current and voltage, remote phase current and the local and remote zero sequence current are recorded.
Frequency
Pre-fault recording time is fixed at 300ms, post-fault recording time can be set from 100ms to 3s. The maximum number of stored records depends on the post-fault recording time. In the case of a post-fault recording time of 500ms, up to 20 disturbance records can be stored. The record number of the recorded data is displayed on the LCD.
Data transmission delay time
Currents, voltages and differential current can be indicated as primary or secondary values. Active power and reactive power are indicated as primary values. The user can monitor the following output and status on the LCD and at local/remote PCs
- Relay element output
Calendar and Time
The calendar and time are provided for time-tagging of recorded data. Synchronisation with GPS (Global Positioning System) is achieved via the IRIG-B port.
- Binary input/output - CB status
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GRL100
USER INTERFACE
Local PC
The user can communicate with the GRL100 from a local PC via the RS232C port on the relay fascia. The following data can be viewed or analysed on the local PC with RSM100 software.
Relay Front Panel
The relay front panel incorporates the following user interfaces. Setting the relay and viewing stored data are possible using the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and operation keys.
- Setting - Metering
- 40 character, 4 line LCD with back light
- Event & Fault records
- 8 Light Emitting Diodes (LED) including 4 that are configurable
- Disturbance records - Fault location
- Operation keys - RS232C port
- Monitoring jacks
Relay Setting and Monitoring (RSM)
GRL100 can be connected to the RSM system via the RS485 interface at the rear of the relay. The user can operate the relay from a remote PC in the same way as from a local PC.
Figure 13 shows the relay front panel. The following items can be displayed on the LCD. - Setting
Figure 14 shows the configuration of the RSM system via the protocol converter G1PR2 (option).
- Metering - Event records
A maximum of 32 relays can be connected to the remote PC in multi-drop mode, via the protocol converter.
- Fault records - The number of disturbance records - Fault location
The RSM100 software is used to access to the relay and to view or analyze disturbance records on the remote PC.
- Any failure message detected by the automatic supervision
The data transmission rate between relays and the protocol converter is 64kbps.
Protocol converter PROTOCOL CONVERTER
G1PR2
Figure 13 Relay front panel Figure 14 Relay setting and monitoring system
Password protection can be provided from the setting menu on the LCD to provide security for relay setting changes. After the password has been set, the password must be entered to access the setting menu from a local or remote PC as well as on the LCD.
IEC60870-5-103 Communication
The relay can support the IEC60870-5-103 communication protocol. This protocol is mainly used when the relay communicates with a control system and is used to transfer
The contents of metering, fault records, and relay failures can be monitored by pressing the VIEW key. The VIEW key can be pressed without removing the relay front cover.
the measurand data, status data and general command from the relay to the control system.
Arbitrary signals can be assigned to the four user configurable LEDs.
Two monitoring jacks are operable when the test mode is selected in the LCD window.
Relay Setting
The user can input or change the settings using the operation keys on the relay fascia or via a local or remote PC with the RSM100 software.
An oscilloscope can be connected to the relay through these jacks. Selection of output signals on the monitoring jacks can be set from the LCD menu.
Password protection is provided to change settings. Eight active setting groups are provided. This allows the
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GRL100 user to set one group for normal operating conditions while other groups may be set to cover alternative operating conditions.
PC DISPLAY
Configurable Binary Output Contacts
GRL100 is provided with 13 to 37 (non fault detector model), or 31 (with fault detector model) user configurable normally open output contacts used for indication and alarm. The number of outputs varies according to the relay model.
Configurable Binary Inputs
GRL100 is provided with 18 to 31 user configurable binary inputs.
Fault record
The number of inputs varies according to the relay model. The binary input circuits are provided with a logic level inversion function.
PLC Function
GRL100 is provided with a PLC (Programmable Logic Control) function allowing user-configurable sequence logics on binary signals. Configurable binary inputs, binary outputs and LEDs are programmed by the PLC function.
AUTOMATIC SUPERVISION
Metering
Automatic Monitoring Function
The automatic monitoring function will detect failures, should they occur, that might cause unwanted operation. The items monitored include the following: - Analog input circuits - Differential current - Analog-to-digital converter - Watch Dog Timer - Binary output circuits - DC power supply circuits - CPU
Waveform data analysis
- Telecommunication circuit - Synchronisation control circuit - Relay address monitoring
Alarms
In the unlikely event that a relay failure should occur, this is detected by automatic monitoring and the LED ALARM on the relay fascia is illuminated. A binary “RELAY FAILURE” output is simultaneously operated and the date/time of any such failure would be stored in the event record. Vector diagram
11
GRL100 TECHNICAL DATA Ratings
AC current In:
1A or 5A
AC voltage
100V, 110V, 115V, 120V
Frequency: DC power supply:
50Hz or 60Hz 110Vdc/125Vdc (Operative range: 88 - 150Vdc) 220Vdc/250Vdc (Operative range: 176 - 300Vdc) 48Vdc/54Vdc/60Vdc (Operative range: 38.4 - 72Vdc)
AC ripple on DC supply IEC60255-11 DC supply interruption IEC60255-11 Permissive duration of DC supply voltage interruption to maintain normal operation: Restart time: Binary input circuit DC voltage:
maximum 12%
Overload Ratings AC current input
AC voltage input Burden AC current input
up to 50ms at 110V less than 10s 110/125Vdc 220/250Vdc 48/54/60Vdc 4 times rated continuous 100 times rated for 1s 2 times rated continuous 0.2VA per phase (at rated 5A) 0.4 VA at zero-sequence circuit (at rated 5A) 0.1VA per phase (at rated 1A) 0.3 VA at zero-sequence circuit (at rated 1A)
AC voltage input DC power supply:
0.1VA (at rated voltage) less than16W (quiescent) less than 25W (operation)
Binary input circuit:
≤ 0.5W per input at 110Vdc
Phase-segregated Current Differential Protection DIFI1 (Small current region)
DIFI2 (Large current region) Operating time Resetting time
0.10 to 2.00A in 0.01A steps (1A relay) 0.50 to 10.00A in 0.01A steps (5A relay) 0.6 to 24.0A in 0.1A steps (1A relay) 3.0 to 120.0A in 0.1A steps (5A relay) less than 1 cycle at 300% of DIFI1 less than 110ms (for tripping output) less than 40ms (for signal output)
Zero-sequence Current Differential Protection for high-resistance earth DIFGI 0.05 to 1.00A in 0.01A steps (1A relay) 0.25 to 5.00A in 0.01A steps (5A relay)
Timer
0.00 to 10.00s in 0.01s steps
Operating time
less than 45ms
Resetting time
less than 100ms
Charging Current Compensation DIFIC Differential Current Supervision DIFSV
Timer
0.00 to 1.00A in 0.01A steps (1A relay) 0.00 to 5.00A in 0.01A steps (5A relay) 0.05 to 2.00A in 0.01A steps (1A relay) 0.25 to 10.00A in 0.01A steps (5A relay) 0 to 60s in 1s steps
Out-of-step protection
Out-of-step trip
OFF / TRIP / BO(separated from other trip signals)
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GRL100 Telecommunication Interface for current differential protection
Bit rate
64kbs
Transmission format Electrical interface (Telecomm. equipment link) Applicable standard
IEC60870-5-1
Type of code Connector type Optical interface (2 km class) Type of fibre Connector type Wave length Optical transmitter Optical receiver
CCITT-G703-1.2.1 CCITT-G703-1.2.2 or 1.2.3 X.21 NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) D-sub connector Graded-index multi-mode 50/125μm or 62.5/125μm ST type 820nm LED, more than −19dBm(50/125μm), −16dBm(62.5/125μm) PIN diode, less than −24dBm
Optical interface (30 km class) Type of fibre Connector type Wave length Optical transmitter Optical receiver
Single mode 10/125μm Duplex LC 1310nm Laser, more than −13dBm PIN diode, less than −30dBm
Optical interface (80 km class) Type of fibre Connector type Wave length Optical transmitter Optical receiver
DSF 8/125μm Duplex LC 1550nm Laser, more than −5dBm PIN diode, less than −34dBm
Phase Fault Distance Measuring Element
Z1S, Z2S Z3S, ZRS and Z4S Characteristic angle
0.10 to 250.00Ω in 0.01Ω steps (1A relay) 0.01 to 50.00Ω in 0.01Ω steps (5A relay) 0.1 to 250.0Ω in 0.1Ω steps (1A relay) 0.01 to 50.00 in 0.01Ω steps (5A relay) 45° to 90° in 1° steps
Z1S and Z4S offset
7.5Ω fixed (1A relay) 1.5Ω fixed (5A relay)
Blinder (BFR1S, BFR2S, BFRS, BRRS)
0.1 to 250.0Ω in 0.1Ω steps (1A relay) 0.01 to 50.00 in 0.01Ω steps (5A relay)
BRLS: Linked with BRRS Characteristic angle (BFR1S,BFR2S,BFRS,BRRS) Characteristic angle (BFLS)
75° fixed 90° to 135°
Earth Fault Distance Measuring Element
Z1G, Z2G
0.10 to 250.00Ω in 0.01Ω steps (1A relay) 0.01 to 50.00Ω in 0.01Ω steps (5A relay)
Z3G, ZRG and Z4G
0.1 to 500.0Ω in 0.1Ω steps (1A relay) 0.01 to 100.00 in 0.01Ω steps (5A relay)
Characteristic angle Blinder (BFR1G, BFR2G, BFRG, BRRG)
45° to 90° in 1° steps 0.5 to 100.0Ω in 0.1Ω steps (1A relay) 0.10 to 20.00Ω in 0.01Ω steps (5A relay)
BRLG: Linked with BRRG Characteristic angle (BFR1G,BFR2G,BFRG,BRRG) Characteristic angle (BFLG)
75° fixed 90° to 135°
Time Setting for Zone Protection
Time setting of Z1S, Z2S, Z3S, ZRS, Z1G, Z2G, Z3G, ZRG
0.00 to 10.00s in 0.01s steps
13
GRL100 Minimum Operating Current of Distance Protection
Current
0.08A (1A relay), 0.4A (5A relay)
Residual Current Compensation
Residual current compensation for reactance element of Z1G, Z2G, ZRG Earth return compensation Mutual coupling compensation (ZRG excluded) Command Protection
Adjustable as follows:
Coordination time for BOP scheme
0 to 50ms in 1ms steps
0 to 1000% in 1% steps 0 to 1000% in 1% steps
Operating and Resetting Time of Distance Measuring Element
Typical operating time Resetting time
20ms Less than 30ms (for tripping output) Less than 40ms (for signal output)
Power Swing Blocking
Detection zone (PSBZS, PSBZG)
2.5 to 75.0Ω in 0.1Ω steps (1A relay) 0.50 to 15.00 in 0.01Ω steps (5A relay)
Detection time Phase Selection Element
20 to 60ms in 1ms steps
Undervoltage Impedance
10 to 60V in 1V steps 0.0 to 250.0Ω in 0.1Ω steps (1A relay) 0.0 to 50.0Ω in 0.1Ω steps (5A relay) 45° to 90° in 1° steps Automatically set according to residual current compensation setting of reactance element
Characteristic angle Residual current compensation Weak Infeed and Echo Protection
Phase-to-phase undervoltage element
50 to 100V in 1V steps
Phase-to-earth undervoltage element Directional Earth Fault Protection
10 to 60V in 1V steps
Characteristic angle
0 to 90° in 1° steps (3I0 lags for −3V0)
Polarising voltage (3V0)
1.7 to 21.0V in 0.1V steps
Zero-sequence current (3I0)
0.10 to 1.00A in 0.01A in 0.01A steps (1A relay) 0.5 to 5.0A in 0.1A steps (5A relay)
Time for backup trip
0.00 to 10.00s in 0.01s steps
Directional Earth Fault Command Protection
Time for delayed trip
0.00 to 0.30s in 0.01s steps
Coordination time Inverse Time Overcurrent Protection OCI (for phase fault protection)
0 to 50ms in 1ms steps
OCI time multiplier OCI characteristic Reset time delay EFI (for earth fault protection) EFI time multiplier EFI characteristic Reset time delay Definite Time Overcurrent Protection OC (for phase fault protection)
OC time delay EF (for earth fault protection) EF time delay
0.10 to 5.00A in 0.01A steps (1A relay) 0.5 to 25.0A in 0.1A steps (5A relay) 0.05 to 1.00 in 0.01 steps Standard / Very / Extremely / Long-time inverse 0.0 to 10.0s in 0.1s steps 0.10 to 1.00A in 0.01A steps (1A relay) 0.5 to 5.0A in 0.1A steps (5A relay) 0.05 to 1.00 in 0.01 steps Standard / Very / Extremely / Long-time inverse 0.0 to 10.0s in 0.1s steps 0.1 to 20.0A in 0.1A steps (1A relay) 0.5 to 100.0A in 0.1A steps (5A relay) 0.00 to 10.00s in 0.01s steps 0.10 to 1.00A in 0.01A steps (1A relay) 0.5 to 5.0A in 0.1A steps (5A relay) 0.00 to 10.00s in 0.01s steps
14
GRL100 Overvoltage Protection Phase-to-phase element (OVS) 1st, 2nd Overvoltage thresholds: Delay type (1st threshold only): IDMTL Time Multiplier Setting TMS: DTL delay: Dropout / Pickup ratio: Phase-to-earth element (OVG) 1st, 2nd Overvoltage thresholds: Delay type (1st threshold only): IDMTL Time Multiplier Setting TMS: DTL delay: Dropout / Pickup ratio:
OFF, 5.0 – 150.0V in 0.1V steps DTL, IDMTL 0.05 - 100.00 in 0.01 steps Inst, 0.01 - 300.00s in 0.01s steps 10 to 98% in 1% steps OFF, 5.0 – 150.0V in 0.1V steps DTL, IDMTL 0.05 - 100.00 in 0.01 steps Inst, 0.01 - 300.00s in 0.01s steps 10 to 98% in 1% steps
Undervoltage Protection Phase-to-phase element (UVS) 1st, 2nd Undervoltage thresholds: Delay type (1st threshold only): IDMTL Time Multiplier Setting TMS: DTL delay: Undervoltage block threshold: Phase-to-earth element (UVG) 1st, 2nd Undervoltage thresholds: Delay type (1st threshold only): IDMTL Time Multiplier Setting TMS: DTL delay: Undervoltage block threshold: Thermal Overload Protection Thermal setting (THM = k.IFLC)
Time constant (τ) Thermal alarm Pre-load current setting
OFF, 5.0 – 150.0V in 0.1V steps DTL, IDMTL 0.05 - 100.00 in 0.01 steps Inst, 0.01 - 300.00s in 0.01s steps 5.0 to 20.0V in 1V steps OFF, 5.0 – 150.0V in 0.1V steps DTL, IDMTL 0.05 - 100.00 in 0.01 steps Inst, 0.01 - 300.00s in 0.01s steps 5.0 to 20.0V in 1V steps OFF, 0.40 – 2.00A in 0.01A steps (1A rating) OFF, 2.0 – 10.0A in 0.1A steps (5A rating) 0.5 – 300.0mins in 0.1min steps OFF, 50% to 99% in 1% steps 0.00 – 1.00A in 0.01A steps (1A rating) 0.0 – 5.0A in 0.1A steps (5A rating)
Switch-on-to-fault and Stub Protection
Overcurrent
0.4 to 3.0A in 0.1A steps (1A relay) 2.0 to 15.0A in 0.1A steps (5A relay)
Broken Conductor Detection
Broken conductor threshold (I2/I1):
OFF, 0.10 - 1.00 in 0.01 steps
DTL delay:
0.00 to 300.00s in 0.01s steps
Breaker Failure (BF) Protection Overcurrent element
Reset BF timer for retry-trip of failed circuit breaker BF timer for adjacent circuit breaker tripping Operating time of overcurrent element Resetting time of overcurrent element
0.1 to 2.0A in 0.1A steps (1A relay) 0.5 to 10.0A in 0.1A steps (5A relay) less than 80% of operating value 50 to 500ms in 1ms steps 50 to 500ms in 1ms steps less than 20ms at 50Hz or 17ms at 60Hz less than 15ms at 50Hz or 13ms at 60Hz
15
GRL100 Accuracy
Current differential protection: pick-up
±5% (±7% at I < 0.3×In)
Distance measuring element Static accuracy Static angle accuracy Transient overreach
±5% under SIR < 30, ±5° +5%
±10% under 30 < SIR < 50
Inverse time overcurrent characteristics
±5% or 30ms(1.5 to 30 times setting)
Definite time overcurrent protection: pick-up
±5%
Overcurrent element for BF: pick-up
±5%
Autoreclose function
Number of shots Timer settings Dead time for single-phase autoreclose Dead time for three-phase autoreclose Multi-shot dead line time Multi-shot reset time Reclaim time Pulse width of reclosing signal output Autoreclose reset time Reset time for developing fault One-and-a-half breaker system Follower breaker autoreclose delay time Voltage and synchronism check element Synchronism check angle UV element OV element Busbar or line dead check Busbar or line live check Synchronism check time Voltage check time Voltage and synchronism check element Synchronism check angle UV element OV element Busbar or line dead check Busbar or line live check Synchronism check time Voltage check time Fault Detector Multi-step overcurrent element
1 to 4 shots 0.01 to 10.00s in 0.01s steps 0.01 to 100.00s in 0.01s steps 5.0 to 300.0s in 0.1s steps 5.0 to 300.0s in 0.1s steps 5 to 300s in 1s steps 0.1 to 10.0s in 0.1s steps 0.01 to 100.00s in 0.01s steps 0.01 to 10.00s in 0.01s steps 0.1 to 10.0s in 0.1s steps 5° to 75° in 1° steps 60 to 150V in 1V steps 10 to 100V in 1V steps 10 to 100V in 1V steps 10 to 100V in 1V steps 0.01 to 10.00s in 0.01s steps 0.01 to 1.00s in 0.01s steps 5° to 75° in 1° steps 60 to 150V in 1V steps 10 to 100V in 1V steps 10 to 100V in 1V steps 10 to 100V in 1V steps 0.01 to 10.00s in 0.01s steps 0.01 to 1.00s in 0.01s steps L1: 0.10A, L2: 0.16A, L3: 0.26A, L4: 0.41A, L5: 0.66A, L6: 1.05A, L7: 1.68A (1A relay) L1: 0.50A, L2: 0.80A, L3: 1.28A, L4: 2.05A L5: 3.28A, L6: 5.24A, L7: 8.39A (5A relay)
Current change detection element
0.1 times rated current
Earth fault overcurrent element
0.1 times rated current
Undervoltage element for earth fault
46V
Undervoltage element for phase fault
80V
Undervoltage change detection element
0.07 times voltage before fault
Voltage Transformer Failure Supervision
Undervoltage element (phase-to-phase)
50 to 100V in 1V steps
Undervoltage element (phase-to-earth)
10 to 60V in 1V steps
Current change detection element
0.1A fixed (1A relay) 0.5A fixed (5A relay)
Residual voltage element
20V fixed
Residual current element
Common use with earth fault detection element
16
GRL100 Fault Locator Line resistance and reactance settings
Line length Accuracy Two terminal Three terminal Minimum measuring cycles Disturbance Record Initiation Overcurrent element
Undervoltage element
0.0 to 999.9Ω in 0.1Ω steps (1A relay) 0.00 to 199.99Ω in 0.01Ω steps (5A relay) 0.0 to 399.9km in 0.1km steps ±1km (up to 100km) or ±1% (up to 399.9km at DIFI=0.5In setting and Id=2In ±2km (up to 100km) or ±2% (up to 399.9km at DIFI=0.25In setting and Id=2In
2 cycles 0.1 to 50.0A in 0.1A steps (1A relay) 0.5 to 250.0A in 0.1A steps (5A relay) 0 to 132V in 1V steps (for phase fault) 0 to 76V in 1V steps (for earth fault)
Pre-fault time
0.3s (fixed)
Post-fault time
0.1 to 3.0 in 0.1s steps
Communication Port Front communication port (local PC) Connection Cable type Cable length Connector Rear communication port (remote PC) RS485 I/F: Transmission data rate for RSM system Connection Connector Cable and length Isolation Fibre optic I/F:
Ethernet LAN I/F:
Point to point Multi-core (straight) 15m (max.) RS232C 9-pin D-sub miniature connector female
64kbps Multidrop mode (max. 32 relays) Screw terminals Twisted pair cable, max. 1200m 2kVac for 1min. ST connector, graded-index multi-mode 50/125μm or 62.5/125μm type optical fibres 10BASE-T, RJ-45 connector
IRIG-B Port
Connection
BNC connector
Cable type
50 ohm coaxial cable
Binary Inputs
Operating voltage
Contact Ratings Trip contacts Make and carry
Break Auxiliary contacts Make and carry Break
Typical 74Vdc(min.70Vdc) for 110V/125Vdc rating Typical 138Vdc(min.125Vdc) for 220V/250Vdc rating Typical 31Vdc(min.28Vdc) for 48V/54V/60Vdc rating Typical 15Vdc(min.14Vdc) for 24Vdc rating
5A continuously, 30A, 290Vdc for 0.5s (L/R=10ms) 0.15A, 290Vdc (L/R=40ms) 4A continuously, 10A, 220Vdc for 0.5s (L/R≧5ms) 0.1A, 220Vdc (L/R=40ms)
Durability Make and carry Break
10,000 operations minimum 100,000 operations minimum
Mechanical design Weight Case colour Installation
11kg (Type-A), 14kg (Type-B) 2.5Y7.5/1(approximation to Munsell value) Flush mounting or rack mounting
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GRL100 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE Test
Standards
Atmospheric Environment Temperature IEC60068-2-1/2
Details
Operating range: -10°C to +55°C. Storage / Transit: -25°C to +70°C.
Humidity
IEC60068-2-78
56 days at 40°C and 93% relative humidity.
Enclosure Protection
IEC60529
IP51 (Rear: IP20)
Mechanical Environment Vibration IEC60255-21-1
Shock and Bump
IEC60255-21-2
Seismic
IEC60255-21-3
Electrical Environment Dielectric Withstand IEC60255-5
High Voltage Impulse
IEC60255-5
Electromagnetic Environment High Frequency IEC60255-22-1 Class 3, Disturbance / IEC61000-4-12 / Damped Oscillatory EN61000-4-12 Wave Electrostatic IEC60255-22-2 Class 3, Discharge IEC61000-4-2 / EN61000-4-2 Radiated RF IEC60255-22-3 Class 3, Electromagnetic IEC61000-4-3 / Disturbance EN61000-4-3 Fast Transient IEC60255-22-4, Disturbance IEC61000-4-4 / EN61000-4-4 Surge Immunity IEC60255-22-5, IEC61000-4-5 / EN61000-4-5
Conducted RF Electromagnetic Disturbance Power Frequency Disturbance Conducted and Radiated Emissions
IEC60255-22-6 Class 3, IEC61000-4-6 / EN61000-4-6 IEC60255-22-7, IEC61000-4-16 / EN61000-4-16 IEC60255-25, EN55022 Class A, IEC61000-6-4 / EN61000-6-4
89/336/EEC
73/23/EEC
Response - Class 1 Endurance - Class 1 Shock Response Class 1 Shock Withstand Class 1 Bump Class 1 Class 1 2kVrms for 1 minute between all terminals and earth. 2kVrms for 1 minute between independent circuits. 1kVrms for 1 minute across normally open contacts. Three positive and three negative impulses of 5kV(peak), 1.2/50μs, 0.5J between all terminals and between all terminals and earth. 1MHz 2.5kV applied to all ports in common mode. 1MHz 1.0kV applied to all ports in differential mode.
6kV contact discharge, 8kV air discharge.
Field strength 10V/m for frequency sweeps of 80MHz to 1GHz and 1.7GHz to 2.2GHz. Additional spot tests at 80, 160, 450, 900 and 1890MHz. 4kV, 2.5kHz, 5/50ns applied to all inputs.
1.2/50μs surge in common/differential modes: HV ports: 2kV/1kV (peak) PSU and I/O ports: 2kV/1kV (peak) RS485 port: 1kV (peak) 10Vrms applied over frequency range 150kHz to 100MHz. Additional spot tests at 27 and 68MHz. 300V 50Hz for 10s applied to ports in common mode. 150V 50Hz for 10s applied to ports in differential mode. Not applicable to AC inputs. Conducted emissions: 0.15 to 0.50MHz:
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