Lighting Concepts in Office and Maximizing Daylighting In Exhibithition spaces

LIGHTING CONCEPTS IN OFFICE AND MAXIMIZING DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITHION SPACES INTRODUCTORY SEMINAR ON THESIS PROJECT

SEM – VIII ANKET SUMAN DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE , B.I.T MESRA

INTRODUCTION • This topic has been chosen considering the two major aspects of my thesis topic ’Interpretation Centre at Ranchi’ viz. the office spaces and the exhibition space or the display gallery. • Firstly its deals with the classification of different kinds of office space and their layouts • According to the requirements of the different office space and following the lighting concepts space- light matrix have been prepared and presented. • Secondly it deals with Daylighting in exhibition space. • Different daylighting methods will be discussed. • Daylighting techniques which are suitable for humid subtropical climate of Ranchi. • Through light simulation of these techniques their suitability for different kinds of space will be discussed.

CONTENTS 1) LIGHTING

IN OFFICE SPACES

• Office space • Types of office layout • Artificial lighting • Office lighting • 3 lighting concept • Lighting of different types of offices applying lighting concepts conclusions

2) DAYLIGHTING

IN EXHIBITION SPACES

• Daylight • Daylighting • How to daylight an exhibition space /art gallery/museum • Rules of thumb • Day lighting techniques used in a museum and an art gallery • Daylighting techniques adopted for humid subtropical climate (Ranchi's climate) • Daylighting techniques simulations. conclusions REFERNCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS FOR OFFICE LIGHTING:  Artificial lighting is considered.  Only four basic types: the cellular office, the group office, the combi office and the open plan office are considered.

 Occupants Comfort is the primary factor in doing the studies.  Only the interior spaces of the office buildings are considered.  The research is based on literature studies.

DAY LIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACE:  Artificial lighting is out of scope

 Daylighting techniques for humid subtropical (Ranchi) climate are considered.  The research is based on some light simulation and literature studies

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES OFFICE SPACE • Office has undergone a radical transformation in recent years . • Design of the rooms in which we work have become more complex and diverse.

• The activities performed in offices today range from graphic design work on a VDU(visual display units )to multimedia presentations for colleagues and clients.

NEED: • Creating an ambience for work which is both functional and agreeable. • A major role here is played by correct lighting.

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES TYPES OF OFFICE Offices can be classified into following type:

1) Cellular offices 2) Group office 3) Combi office 4) Open plan office 5) Prestige offices 6) Cad offices 7) Offices open to the public Out of these the first for are the most basic type and we will discuss about them in an elaborative manner.

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES TYPES OF OFFICE LAYOUT OF OFFICES 1) Cellular offices

Louvered recessed luminaires are the option most widely preferred By illuminating the ceiling, “cave effect” is avoided even in small offices.

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES TYPES OF OFFICE LAYOUT OF OFFICES 2) Group office

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES TYPES OF OFFICE LAYOUT OF OFFICES 3) Combi office

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES TYPES OF OFFICE LAYOUT OF OFFICES 4) Open plan office

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES ARTIIFICIAL LIGHTING OFFICE LIGHTING Lighting types

Direct lighting (ceiling luminaires)

Direct/indirect lighting (pendant luminaires)

Task lighting with special optical control (pendant luminaires)

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES ARTIIFICIAL LIGHTING OFFICE LIGHTING Lighting types

Spot for Illuminating vertical surfaces

Spot for illuminating vertical surfaces

Wall luminaires for illuminating walls

Downlights for illuminating communication zones

Indirect lighting with direct workplace lighting (standard and desktop luminaires)

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES ARTIIFICIAL LIGHTING 3 LIGHTING CONCEPT  For office lighting applications, there are three lighting concepts.  These concepts can be realised by lighting types B1, B2, B3, B4, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4.

3 lighting concepts for offices: ■ room-related lighting ■ task area lighting ■ work surface lighting

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES ARTIIFICIAL LIGHTING 3 LIGHTING CONCEPT Lighting concepts

Room-related lighting Uniform lighting throughout the room creating roughly the same visual conditions at all points. This is recommended where the arrangement of task areas is unknown during the planning phase or where the arrangement of task areas needs to be flexible. Task area lighting Different lighting for task areas and the space around them. This is recommended where a room contains several task areas which are used to address different visual tasks and thus have different lighting requirements. It is also an option where visual divisions are needed to identify different workplace clusters. Work surface lighting Workplace luminaires can be used to supplement “basic lighting” – which can be either room-related or task area lighting – to achieve a level of lighting finely tuned to the requirements of the visual task or to personal needs.

BI

B2

B3

B4

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES ARTIIFICIAL LIGHTING LIGHTING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF OFFICES APPLYING LIGHTING CONCEPTS SPACE - LIGHT MATRIX

OFFICE TYPE

LIGHTING CONCEPT APPLIED

Cellular offices

Task area lighting

Group office

Room-related lighting

Combi office

Task area lighting

Open plan office

Room-related lighting

PREFERED TYPES OF LIGHTING

LIGHTING IN OFFICE SPACES CONCLUSIONS  The different office layouts could be helpful in designing my thesis project.

 The three lighting concept for office space help in deciding the kind of luminaries required and their position in the office space  According to the characteristic of the space and the demand of the light these concepts can be applied to determine the kind of lighting fixtures required.  The type of lighting required depends on the structure of the room, the use or uses

to which it is put and the atmosphere that needs to be created.

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES WHAT IS DAYLIGHT? • Combination of all direct and indirect sunlight outdoors during the daytime. • Includes direct sunlight, diffuse sky radiation, and often both of these reflected from the Earth and terrestrial objects. • Sunlight scattered or reflected from objects in outer space (i.e. beyond the Earth's atmosphere) is generally not considered daylight. WHAT IS DAYLIGHTING?  Daylighting is the controlled admission of natural light, direct /indirect sunlight and diffuse skylight into a building to reduce electric lighting and saving energy. -Gregg D. Ander • The practice of placing windows or other openings and reflective surfaces so that during the day natural light provides effective internal lighting.

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING HOW TO DAYLIGHT AN EXHIBITION SPACE /ART GALLERY/MUSEUM ? Generally, there are some basic principles to follow and aspects to consider when daylighting an exhibition space/gallery/museum:  Direct sunlight should be avoided completely in display spaces.  UV exposure should be limited using UV filters. These filters can be built into the glazing and should be specified appropriately.  There are 3 ways to bring daylight into a space: • Side lighting—windows, etc. • Top lighting—skylights, light wells, etc. • Reflected light technique—clerestories, lightshelves, etc.

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING RULES OF THUMB The following rules of thumb from the IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America) Museum and Art Gallery Lighting: • Exhibit luminance should be no more than five times the luminance of the surrounding area (5:1). • The visitor should spend from five to eight minutes in transitional areas. • Window walls should face north in the northern hemisphere. • Glazing should eliminate all wavelengths below 400 nm. DAY LIGHTING TECHNIQUES USED IN A MUSEUM AND AN ART GALLERY • Skylights

• Clerestory Lighting • Slot Lighting • Top Lighting

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES ADOPOTED FOR HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE (RANCHI’S CLIMATE)  LIGHT SHELF  A light shelf is an architectural element that allows daylight to penetrate deep into a building.  This horizontal light-reflecting overhang is placed above eye-level  has a high-reflectance upper surface.  This surface is then used to reflect daylight onto the ceiling and deeper into a space.

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES ADOPOTED FOR HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE (RANCHI’S CLIMATE)  LIGHT WELL  A light well or air shaft is an unroofed external space provided within the volume of a large building.  Allows light and air to reach what would otherwise be dark or unventilated area.  Light wells serve to reduce the necessity for electric lighting.

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES ADOPOTED FOR HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE (RANCHI’S CLIMATE)  LIGHT WELL

WITHOUT LIGHT WELL

WITH LIGHT WELL

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES ADOPOTED FOR HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE (RANCHI’S CLIMATE)  SLOT LIGHT • Slot lights allow controlled daylight in the interiors, • It animates the spaces without distracting the viewer from the artworks on display. • The display space provided right below the slot can be used for the display of exhibits.

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES ADOPOTED FOR HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE (RANCHI’S CLIMATE)  SLOT LIGHT

SECTION OF SLOT LIGHT

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES ADOPOTED FOR HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE (RANCHI’S CLIMATE)  LIGHT PIPE SYSTEM Light tubes or light pipes are used for transporting or distributing natural or artificial light. In their application to day lighting they are also often called sun pipes, sun scopes, solar light pipes, sky lights or daylight pipes. Generally, a light pipe or light tube may refer to: • A tube or pipe for transport of light to another location, minimizing the loss of light; • A transparent tube or pipe for distribution of light over its length, either for equi- distribution along the entire length or for controlled light leakage.

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES SIMULATION USING LIGHT PIPE In Experiment 1, one light pipe has been used as a focus light to focus the exhibit. The light pipe used is 325mm in diameter and is 100mm long, which produces 200lux of illumination in the space (according to manufacturing companies of light pipes).

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES SIMULATION USING LIGHT PIPE In Experiment 2, five light pipes have been used as a focus light to focus the exhibits. The light pipes used are of the same specification as in Case 1. Hence, the illumination level inside the gallery space considered increases to 1000lux.

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES SIMULATION USING WINDOWS WITH LIGHT SHELF In Experiment 3, five window openings are provided to allow daylight deep into the gallery space. The display space provided in front of the window opening can be used for the display of sculptures. Dimension of each window: 2 m x 1.6 m

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES SIMULATION USING WINDOWS WITH LIGHT SHELF In Experiment4, five window openings are provided with light shelves installed in each window. Other specifications remaining same as experiment 3. Dimension of each window: 2 m x 1.6 m Dimension of light shelf: 1.6m x .7m x .05m

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES SIMULATION USING LIGHT WELL In Experiment 5, one light well has been used as a focus light to focus the exhibit. The light well designed is 3m in diameter. For this particular case, it has been assumed that above the considered gallery space there is one more floor (for this kind of assumption the design of a light well is justified).

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES SIMULATION USING SLOT LIGHT In experiment 6, a slot has been provided for slot lighting and to allow diffused daylight into the gallery space. The display space provided right below the slot can be used for the display of exhibits. The slot is 3m in width and it spans from one end to the other.

DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITION SPACES DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES CONCLUSIONS DEREIVED FROM THE SIMULATIONS 1. Light Wells and Light Pipes can be used to focus the sculptures, artefacts and other exhibits. 2. The internal surface of the Light Well and upper surface of Light Shelf, provided

with reflective coating can increase the efficiency of the same. 3. Slot Lights can be used to bring in diffused daylight. This would help in creating a good ambience in the interiors.

4.

Daylight Harvesting Method can be used to reduce the use of artificial light fixtures during the day time and help in saving energy.

5. A combination of the discussed day lighting techniques and the artificial lighting

techniques, would work wonders.

END NOTES

This dissertation on “LIGHTING CONCEPTS IN OFFICE AND MAXIMIZING DAYLIGHTING IN EXHIBITHION SPACES” will help me in my upcoming thesis project

“Interpretation Centre At Ranchi” and help me produce a favourable design for both the primary and the secondary target groups, the staff and the public, respectively.

REFERNCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY • Good Lighting for Offices and Office Buildings 4, Fördergemeinschaft Gutes Licht

• Light for offices and communication, Zumtobel • Human Lighting Demands Healthy Lighting in an Office Environment, Maria Bernardina Cornelia Aries geboren te Zevenaar • Morale booster lighting by by paul tarricone • Daylighting, natural light in architecture by Derek Phillips • Daylighting Museums Guide Integrated Design Lab, Bozeman, MT Prepared by Chris Hancock, Shelby Hinchliff, and Justina Hohmann October 6, 2009 • Daylighting in the tropics by I. R. Edmonds and P. J. Greenup

• Museum and gallery lighting by Kevan Shaw