Ley de Ohm y Ley de Kirchhoff

 

Repúbi`kn Bli`vnr`nan he Seaezuein D`a`ster`l hei ]lher plpuinr pnrn in Ehuknk`ûa  @ast`tutl Ua`vers`tnr`l ]li`tàka`kl ’[nat`nfl Dnr`þl— Exteas`ûa KLI K`uhnh Ljehn-Ehl Zui`n

 

Iey he Lod y Iey he G`rkoolcc 

@atefrnates: Jlsà Br`keþl 23=5=;>5 ¨83¨ Dnter`n: Cäs`kn @@

Nflstl-2=>3

 

Iey he Lod In iey he Lod, plstuinhn plr ei cäs`kl y dntedît`kl niedîa Felrf [`dla Lod, es uan iey he in eiektr`k`hnh. eiektr`k`hnh. Estnbieke Estnbieke que in h`cereak`n h`cereak`n he plteak`ni plteak`ni S que npnreke eatre ils extredls he ua klahuktlr heterd`anhl es prlplrk`lani n in `ateas`hnh he in klrr`eate @ que k`rkuin plr ei k`tnhl klahuktlr. Lod kldpietû in iey `atrlhuk`eahl in alk`ûa he res`steak`n eiàktr`kn R 7 que es ei cnktlr he prlplrk`lani`hnh que npnreke ea in reink`ûa eatre S @:

]r`ak`p`ls y Cuahndeatls prîkt`kls: In iey he Lod es in iey bîs`kn pnrn ei ciujl he in klrr`eate. In klrr`eate ciuye plr ua k`rku`tl eiàktr`kl s`fu`eahl vnr`ns ieyes hec`a`hns. Felrfe [`dla Lod (>6?6->?58), cue ei krenhlr he estn iey. Lod cue ua cäs`kl niedîa klalk`hl plr sus `avest`fnk`laes he ins klrr`eates eiàktr`kns. [u clrduink`ûa he in reink`ûa eatre `ateas`hnh he klrr`eate, h`cereak`n he plteak`ni y res`steak`n klatr`buye n in Iey he Lod. In ua`hnh he res`steak`n eiàktr`kn se heald`aû lod`l ea su olalr y cue hec`a`hn ea >?0; kldl in res`steak`n estîahnr he uan kliudan he derkur`l. Lod estnbieke ea su iey que in knat`hnh he klrr`eate que ciuye plr ua k`rku`tl clrdnhl clrdn hl plr res`steak`ns res`steak`ns purns es h`rektndeat h`rektndeatee prlplrk`lani prlplrk`lani n in cuerzn eiektrldltr`z eiektrldltr`z npi`knhn n ua k`rku`tl, e `aversndeate prlplrk`lani n in res`steak`n tltni he k`rku`tl. Estn iey sueie expresnrse deh`nate in cûrduin @ 4 S/R, hlahe @ represeatn in `ateas`hnh he in klrr`eate deh`hn ea ndper`ls, S in cuerzn eiektrldltr`z ea vlit`ls y R in res`steak`n ea lod`ls. Ua k`rku`tl ea ser`e es nquei ea que ils h`spls`t`vls l eiedeatls hei k`rku`tl estîa h`spuestls he tni dnaern que in tltni`hnh he in klrr`eate pnsn n trnvàs he knhn eiedeatl s`a h`v`s`ûa a` her`vnk`ûa ea k`rku`tls pnrnieils. In iey he Lod se npi`kn n tlhls ils k`rku`tls eiàktr`kls, tnatl he in klrr`eate klat`aun (KK) kldl n ils he klrr`eate niteran (KN), nuaque pnrn ei naîi`s`s he k`rku`tls kldpie kld piejls jls y k`rku` k`rku`tls tls he klrr`e klrr`eate ate nitera niterann hebea hebea edpien edpienrse rse pr`ak` pr`ak`p`l p`lss nh`k`l nh`k`lani anies es que `akiuyea `ahuktnak`ns y knpnk`tna käns. Kldl ea ua k`rku`tl ony hls l dîs res`steak`ns ea ser`e, in res`steak`n tltni se knikuin sudnahl ils vnilres he h`kons res`steak`ns. [` ins res`steak`ns estîa ea pnrnieil, ei vnilr tltni he in res`steak`n hei k`rku`tl se lbt`eae deh`nate in clrduin: Xltni 4 > >/R> + >/R2 + >/R; +…

 

Ei vnilr he hls res`steak`ns `funies ea pnrnieil es `funi n in d`tnh hei vnilr he in res`steak`n ea su kldplaeate y, ea knhn knsl, ei vnilr he ins res`steak`ns ea pnrnieil es dealr que ei vnilr he in dîs pequeþn he knhn uan he ins res`steak`ns `dpi`knhns. Ea ils k`rk k`rku` u`tl tlss he KN, KN, l ea k` k`rk rku` u`tl tlss he kl klrr rr`e `eat ates es vnr`n vnr`nbi bies es,, he hebea bea klas` klas`he hern rnrs rsee lt ltrl rlss kldpla kld plaea eate tess he heii k` k`rk rku` u`tl tl nhedî nhedîss he in re res` s`st stea eak` k`n. n. Ea ua k` k`rk rku` u`tl tl ea pn pnrn rnie ieil il il ilss h`spls`t`vls eiàktr`kls, plr ejedpil ins iîdpnrns `aknaheskeates l ins keihns he uan bnterän, estîa h`spuestns h`spuestns he dnaern dnaern que tlhls ils plils, eiektrlhls eiektrlhls y terd`anies terd`anies pls`t`vls pls`t`vls se uaea ea ua úa`kl klahuktlr, y tlhls ils aefnt`vls ea ltrl, he clrdn que knhn ua`hnh se eakueatrn ea reni`hnh ea ua her`vnk`ûa pnrniein. In iey he Lod al es uan iey anturni cuahndeatni, s`al uan reink`ûa edpär`kn que es vîi`hn slil pnrn nifuals dnter`nies. Nqueiils dnter`nies t`eaea uan klastnate he res`steak`n slbre ua rnafl ndpi`l he vlitnjes. Ils dnter`nies que al s`fna in iey he Lod se iindn al i`aeni, estls t`eaea uan reink`ûa he klrr`eate - vlitnje al i`aeni. Ils dnter`nies que s`fuea in iey he Lod se iindna klahuktlr ûod`kl l klahuktlr i`aeni y t`eaea uan reink`ûa i`aeni he klrr`eate - vlitnje slbre ua ndpi`l rnafl he vlitnjes npi`knhls

Res`steak`ns ea [er`e y ea ]nrnieil Hls res`steak`ns estîa ea ser`e s` plr eiins pnsn exnktndeate in d`sdn klrr`eate. Res`steak`ns ea ser`e se sudna pnrn lbteaer uan res`steak`n equ`vnieate: R eeqq 4 R > + R 2. Hls res`steak`ns estîa ea pnrnieil s` slbre ils terd`anies klrresplah`eates he àstns se estnbieke ua d`sdl vlitnje. In res`steak`n equ`vnieate he hls res`steak`ns es ei prlhuktl he àstns h`v`h`hl plr in sudn he ndbns: R eeqq 4 (R >Ö R 2)/(R >+R 2).

EJED]IL N: Eaklatrnr in res`steak`n equ`vnieate he ins s`fu`eates res`steak`ns.

[liuk`ûa: Estns res`steak`ns estîa ea ser`e. ]lr tnatl, in res`steak`n equ`vnieate serän 8 + 0 4 >; Π.

 

EJED]IL B: Eaklatrnr in res`steak`n equ`vnieate he ins s`fu`eates res`steak`ns.

[liuk`ûa: Xeaedls uan res`steak`n he ; Π ea ser`e kla ua pnrnieil he hls res`steak`ns. ]r`derl se ecektún ei pnrnieil (res`steak`ns rljn y nzui): 3 Ö >2 /(3 + >2) 4 8. Iuefl se sudna ; + 8 4 6 Π. ]lr tnatl, in res`steak`n equ`vnieate es he 6 Π.

Ieyes he G`rkoolcc  Ins ieyes he G`rkoolcc sla hls `funihnhes que se bnsna ea in klaservnk`û klaservnk`ûa a he in eaerfän y in knrfn ea ils k`rku`tls eiàktr`kls. Cuerla heskr`tns plr pr`dern vez ea >?83 plr  Fustnv G`rkoolcc. [la ndpi`ndeate usnhns ea `afea`erän eiàktr`kn e `afea`erän eiektrûa`kn. Ndbns ieyes Ndbns ieyes he k`rku` k`rku`tls tls puehea puehea her`vn her`vnrse rse h`rekt h`rektnde ndeate ate he ins ekunk` ekunk`laes laes he Dnxwei Dnx weii, i, perl perl G`rkool G`rkoolcc cc prekeh` prekeh`û û n Dnxwei Dnxweiii y frnk`n frnk`nss n Felrf Felrf Lod su trnbnj trnbnjl l cue feaerni`znhl. Estns ieyes sla duy ut`i`znhns ea `afea`erän eiàktr`kn e `afea`erän eiektrûa`kn  pnrn oniinr klrr`eates y teas`laes ea kuniqu`er puatl he ua k`rku`tl eiàktr`kl.

]r`ak`p`ls y Cuahndeatls prîkt`kls: Ua k`rk k`rku` u`tl tl ei eiàk àktr tr`k `kl l es ua uann kl kldb db`a `ank` nk`ûa ûa he ei eied edea eatl tlss pn pns` s`vls vls (r (res es`s `stl tlre res, s, klaheasnhlres, etk.) y eiedeatls nkt`vls (cuerzns eiektrldltr`kes). Klas`here slil ils knsls ea que ins cuerzns eiektrldltr`kes (ced) sla klastnates y in reh eiàktr`kn se eakueatrn ea estnhl estnk`lanr` estnk`lanr`l. l. Ei prlbiedn se keatrn keatrn ea in búsquehn búsquehn he ins `ateas`hnhes `ateas`hnhes he klrr`eate klrr`eate ea cuak`ûa he ins ced y he ins res`steak`ns hei k`rku`tl. In Inss refi refins ns pnrn pnrn re resl sliv iver er es este te t`pl t`pl he pr prlb lbie iedn dns, s, kla klalk lk`h `hns ns kl kldl dl Ie Ieyes yes he G`rkool G`r koolcc, cc, expresna expresna in klaserv klaservnk` nk`ûa ûa he in knrfn knrfn eiàktr eiàktr`kn `kn y hein hein eaerfä eaerfän. n. ]uehea ]uehea ser  eauak`nhns kldl s`fue: >. In sudn he ins knähns he plteak`ni n il inrfl he kuniqu`er knd`al kerrnhl ea uan reh es kerl 2. Ea ua alhl he uan reh in sudn he ins `ateas`hnhes he klrr`eate es kerl.

 

In pr`dern iey expresn in klaservnk`ûa he in eaerfän, yn que in vnr`nk`ûa aetn he eaerfän he uan knrfn hespuàs he onber reklrr`hl ua knd`al kerrnhl hebe ser kerl. Ni npi`knr in pr`dern iey, se hebe tldnr ea kueatn ins s`fu`eates refins. Uan knähn he plteak`ni n trnvàs he uan res`steak`n es pls`t`vn l aefnt`vn sefúa ei seat`hl he reklrr`hl he in klrr`eate. Kunahl pnsndls n trnvàs he ced, se tldn in h`cereak`n he plteak`ni kldl aefnt`vn s` vndls hei pls`t`vl ni aefnt`vl he in ced y se klas`hern pls`t`vl s` se vn hei aefnt`vl ni pls`t`vl he in d`sdn. In sefuahn iey se rec`ere n in klaservnk`ûa he in knrfn plrque kldl ins knrfns al se nkuduina ea ua alhl, ei aúderl he knrfns que iiefnan ua alhl ea ua k`ertl t`edpl hebe ser `funi ni aúderl he knrfns que sniea ea ei d`sdl t`edpl. Ni npi`knr estn iey se hebe klas`hernr klas`h ernr nqueiins nqueiins klrr`eates klrr`eates que sniea he ua alhl kldl pls`t`vns pls`t`vns y ins que iiefna iiefna kldl aefnt`vns. Uan refin prîkt`kn n sefu`r pnrn eaklatrnr ins klrr`eates ea uan reh kla aalhls es npi`knr in sefuahn iey n a-> alhls slindeate y in pr`dern iey se hebe npi`knr n tnatls reklrr`hls kerrnhls kldl se requ`erna n c`a he que knhn klahuktlr sen pnrte he ua reklrr`hl ni deals uan vez.

Klrr`eate eiàktr`kn In klrr`eate eiàktr`kn l `ateas`hnh eiàktr`kn es ei ciujl he knrfn eiàktr`kn plr ua`hnh he t`edpl que reklrre ua dnter`ni. [e hebe ni dlv`d`eatl he ins knrfns (alrdnideate eiektrlaes) ea ei `ater`lr hei dnter`ni. Ea ei [`stedn @aterank`lani he Ua`hnhes se expresn ea K/s (kuildb`l (kuildb`lss slbre slbre sefuahl sefuahl), ), ua`hnh ua`hnh que se heald` heald`an an ndper` ndper`l. l. Uan klrr`e klrr`eate ate eiàktr`kn, puestl que se trntn he ua dlv`d`eatl he knrfns, prlhuke ua kndpl dnfaàt`kl, ua ceaûdeal que puehe nprlvekonrse ea ei eiektrl`dîa. Ei `ast `astru rude deat atl l us usnh nhl l pnrn pnrn deh` deh`rr in `ate `ateas as`h `hnh nh he in kl klrr rr`e `eat atee ei eiàk àktr tr`k `knn es ei fnivnaûdetr fnivnaû detrl l que, kni`brnhl kni`brnhl ea ndper`ls, ndper`ls, se iindn ndperädetr ndperädetrl, l, klilknhl ea ser`e ser`e kla ei klahuktlr plr ei que k`rkuin in klrr`eate que se hesen deh`r.

Reh eiàktr`kn Uan reh eiàktr`kn eiàktr`kn es uan reh `aterklaekt `aterklaektnhn nhn que t`eae ei prlpûs`tl he sud`a`str sud`a`strnr  nr  eiektr`k`hnh heshe ils prlveehlres onstn ils klasud`hlres. Klas`ste he tres kldplaeates  pr`ak`pnies, ins pinatns feaernhlrns que prlhukea eiektr`k`hnh he kldbust`bies cûs`ies (knrbûa, fns anturni, b`ldnsn) l kldbust`bies al cûs`ies (eûi`kn, slinr, aukienr, o`hrîui`kn)7 Ins iäaens he trnasd`s`ûa que iievna in eiektr`k`hnh he ins pinatns feaernhlrns n ils keatrls he hednahn y ils trnasclrdnhlres que rehukea ei vlitnje pnrn que ins iäaens he h`str`buk`ûa  puehna eatrefnrie eaerfän ni klasud`hlr c`ani.