Lesson 1

 

@JGTID 2

8

DMFIHQL

Bmfij-B`drhabm Bmfij-B`drhab m Ihtdrbturd

Urdpbrdg ky?

OJDI H. @BAT[BX Wdbaldr H Bupbfbm Mbthjmbi Lhfl Qaljji Bupbfbm, Kutubm Ahty

 

HMW[JGTAWHJM Wlhs `jguid hs ardbtdg tj prjvhgd yju bm bvdmud jn bm hmgdpdmgdmt idbrmhmf. Wld `jguid dmsurds tj `ddt bmg balhdvd tld tbrfdt tld`ds, ajmadpts bmg `jst dssdmthbi idbrmhmf aj`pdtdmahds (@DIA) tlbt whii gdvdijp yjur cmjwidgfd bmg schii tlbt brd lhfliy gd`bmghmf bmg rdidvbmt tj tld ;2st admtury rdbi-ihnd kbsdg schiis. Wlhs `jguid prjvhgds yju bm dmfbfhmf, hmtdrdsthmf, bmg `dbmhmfnui bmg aj`pdtdmay kbsdg idssjms, bathvhthds bmg tbscs tlbt jnndr jppjrtumhthds njr yju tj nurtldr gdvdijp yjur schiis. Ht ajmtbhms sh`pihnhdg ghsausshjm jn tld tbr tbrfdt fdt idssjm, dxpibmbthjms, bbmg mg dxb`pids. Bntdr tld ghsausshjm yju whii bmswdr sdrhds jn bathvhthds, sljrt quhzzds bmg dvbiubthjm.

Wlhs `jguid

hs bmaljrdg whtl tld pdrnjr`bma pdrnjr`bmadd stbmgbrg?

Wld idbrmdr gd`jmstrbtds

aj``umhabthvd aj`pdtdmad tlrjufl lhs/ ldr umgdrstbmghmf jn Krhthsl-B`drhabm Ihtdrbturd, hmaiughmf Ulhihpphmd Ihtdrbturd bmg jtldr tdxts typds njr b gddpdr bpprdahbthjm jn Ulhihpphmd Auiturd bmg tljsd jn jtldr ajumtrhds.. @jguid @jguid njausds jm tld njiijwhmf @jst Dssdmthbi Idbrmhmf Aj`pdtdmahds (@DIA)?

2.Dxprdss pdr`hsshjm, jkihfbthjm, bmg prjlhkhthjm ushmf `jgbis ;.Tsd ajmghthjmbis hm dxprdsshmf brfu`dmts 1. D`pijy tld bpprjprhbtd aj``umhabthvd styids njr vbrhjus shtubthjms (hmth`btd, absubi, ajmvdrsbthjmbi, ajmsuitbthvd, nrjzdm)

 

idssjm 2? @jgbi ^drks

Jkodathvd(s)? 2. Gdnhmd wlbt `jgbi hs. ;. Hgd Hgdmth mthny ny tld tld njr njr`s `s jn ` `jgb jgbii (bk (bkhih hihty ty,, pdr pdr`hs `hsshj shjm, m, jkihfb jkihfbthj thjm, m, bmg bmg prj prjlhk lhkhth hthjm jm ush ushmf mf `jgbis 1. Dx Dxpr prds dsss pd pdr` r`hss hsshj hjm, m, jk jkih ihfb fbth thjm jm,, bmg p prj rjlhk lhkht hthj hjm m ush ushmf mf ` `jgb jgbis is

idt's  kdfhm tld ghsausshjm... 

Vlbt brd @jgbi ^drks:

 

@jgbi vdrks brd spdahbi vdrks wlhal

 kdlbvd vdry ghnndrdmtiy ghnndrdmtiy nrj` nrj` mjr`bi vdrks. vdrks. Ldrd brd sj`d h`pjrtbmt ghnndrdmad ghnndrdmads? s? 2. @jgbi vdrks gj mjt tbcd "-s" hm tld tlhrg pdrsjm. Ld abm spdbc Alhmdsd. Qld sljuig kd ldrd ky 8?55. ;. Xju usd "mjt" tj `bcd `jgbi vdrks mdfbthvd, dvdm hm Qh`pid Urdsdmt bmg Qh`pid Ubst. Ld sljuig mjt kd ibtd. Wldy `hflt mjt aj`d tj tld pbrty. 1. @bmy `jgbi vdrks abmmjt kd usdg hm tld pbst tdmsds jr tld nuturd tdmsds. Jtldr njr`s sljuig kd usdg. Ld whii abm fj whtl us. (Mjt Ajrrdat) --------- Ld abm fj whtl us. (ajrrdat (ajrrdat)) Qld `ustdg stugy vdry lbrg. (Mjt Ajrrdat) ---- Qld `ust stugy vdry lbrg (ajrrdat (ajrrdat))

BII @JGBIQ • abm, ajuig, `by `by,, `hflt, `ust, juflt tj, tj, slbii, sljuig, whii, wjuig wjuig • lbvd tj? tlhs dxprdsshjm hs mjt b `jgbi kut hs aijsdiy rdibtdg tj `jgbis hm `dbmhmf bmg hs jntdm hmtdralbmfdg whtl tld`.

 

bkhihty,, @jgbi vdrks brd usdg tj dxprdss tld bkhity jr ibac jn bkhihty

 

jkihfbthjm jr

 pjsshkhihty jr h`pjsshkhity, h`pjsshkhity, pdr`hsshjm, prjlhkhthjm, mj jkihfbthjm.

@JGBIQ JN BKHIHWX

Bkhihty abm `dbm twj tlhmfs. 2) fdmdrbi bkhihty? tlhs hs sj`dtlhmf tlbt jmad yju lbvd idbrmdg yju abm gj bmy th`d yju wbmt, ihcd kdhmf bkid tj rdbg jr swh` jr spdbc b ibmfubfd. ;) spdahnha bkhihty? tlhs `dbm sj`dtlhmf tlbt yju yj u abm jr abm't gj hm jmd pbrthauibr shtubthjm. Njr dxb`pid,kdhmf bkid tj ihnt sj`dtlhmf ldbvy, jr nhmg sj`dwldrd Wldrd brd tlrdd `jgbi vdrks usdg tj sljw bkhihty jr ibac jn bkhihty? Abm, Ajuig, Kd Bkid tj U[DQDMW abm / abm't (njr kjtl fdmdrbi bmg spdahnha bkhihty)

b) H abm piby tld phbmj.

k) Qld abm spdbc Dmfihsl.

a) Wj` abm wrhtd pjdtry vdry wdii

g.) Ld abm't grhvd, ld's tjj thrdg.

d.) Vd abm't aj`d mjw.

n.) Ihsb abm‘t spdbc Nrdmal.

UBQW (2) ajuig / ajuigm't (njr fdmdrbi bkhihty)

b) H ajuig rdbg wldm H wbs njur.  k) Qld ajuig spdbc Nrdmal Nrdmal wldm sld wbs b alhig, alhig, kut mjw sld lbs njrfjttdm njrfjttdm ht. a. Vldm H wbs b alhig H ajuig aih`k trdds.

wbs bkid tj / ajuigm't (njr spdahnha bkhihty) wldm sj`djmd batubiiy suaaddgdg hm gjhmf sj`dtlhmf.

b) Vldm tld aj`putdr arbsldg ydstdrgby ydstdrgby, H wbs bkid tj nhx ht. (mjt 'H ajuig nhx ht')  k) Qld wbs bkid tj tj pbss tld dxb`, dvdm tljufl sld lbgm't lbgm't stughdg `ual. (mjt 'sld ajuig  pbss') a) Ld abiidg us kdabusd ld ajuigm't nhmg tld ljusd. g) H ajuigm't jpdm tld whmgjw.

 

UBQW (;)

Wldrd hs bm dxadpthjm whtl tld vdrks jn sdmsd pdradpthjm (sdd, ldbr, s`dii, tbstd, nddi) bmg sj`d vdrks jn tlhmchmf (umgdrstbmg, rd`d`kdr,  gdahgd, kdihdvd, fudss). Vldm wd njr` sdmtdmads tlbt dxprdss bkhihty  hm pbrthauibr pbst shtubthjms, wd `ust biwbys usd tld `jgbis ajuig aju ig jr ajuigm't. (Vbs / wdrd bkid tj jr wbsm't / wdrdm't bkid tj brd mdvdr)  usdg whtl tldsd vdrks. b) Vldm H ab`d hmtj tld chtaldm, H ajuig s`dii sj`dtlhmf kurmhmf.  k) Vldm H ijjcdg jut jn tld whmgjw, whmgjw, H ajuig H ajuig sdd  sdd b `bm wbichmf gjwm tld strddt. a) Wld wj`bm spjcd jmiy Nrdmal, tldrdnjrd H ajuigm't umgdrstbmg wlbt sld sbhg. g) H ajuigm't gdahgd wldtldr tj bsc ldr jut jr mjt. UBQW (1)  ajuig + lbvd + pbst pbrthahpid (bm bkhihty sj`djmd lbg hm tld pbst, kut ghgm't usd).

Vd usd ajuig lbvd tj sby tlbt sj`djmd lbg tld bkhihty/jppjrtumhty tj gj sj`dtlhmf, kut ghg mjt gj ht? b) H ajuig lbvd pibydg tld phbmj wdii kut H ghgm't prbathad dmjufl.  k) Vd Vd ajuig lbvd aj`d dbrihdr. a) Qld ajuig lbvd stughdg ibw, kut sld prdndrrdg tj kdaj`d b sdardtbry. NTWT[D whii / wjm't kd bkid tj (fdmdrbi bkhihty)

b) Bt tld dmg jn tld ajursd, yju whii kd bkid b kid tj `bcd yjur jwm wdkshtd.  k) Ld wjm't kd bkid tj spdbc Obpbmdsd hm b wddc! Ht whii tbcd `jmtls.

abm / abm't (spdahnha bkhihty)

a) H abm ldip yju tj`jrrjw. g) H abm't aj`d tj tld pbrty.

 

Bathvhty 2. Abm, Ajuig, Kd bkid tj, @by, @hflt

Aljjsd tld kdst `jgbi njr dbal sdmtdmad. aldac tld kjx / tld

kdshgd

kdst bmswdr.

2. @y abt ZZZZZZZZZZZZ ou`p, kut ht ZZZZZZZZZZZZ tbic.  

abm't / abm

abm / abm't

;. Fdjrfd hs bksdmt nrj` aibss tjgby. tjgby. Ld ZZZZZZZZ kd shac. abm

ajuig

hs bkid tj

1. ZZZZZZZZZZ gjfs niy: Mj, jn ajursd mjt!  

@by

Gj abm

Abm

7. Cdvhm wbs ghsbppjhmtdg kdabusd ld ZZZZZZZZZZZZ fdt thacdts njr tld njjtkbii fb`d.  wbsm't bkid tj

wdrdm't bkid tj

4. H'` fjhmf tj krhmf bm u`krdiib tjgby kdabusd ht ZZZZZZZZZZZZ rbhm.  

abm

`hflt

hs bkid tj

>. Qbrb ZZZZZZZZZZZZ Htbihbm njjg bmg sld ZZZZZZZZZZZZ Nrdmal njjg tjj! abm ajjc / hs bkid tj ajjc

abm ajjcs / abm ajjcs

abm ajjchmf ajjchmf/abm /abm ajjch ajjchmf mf

6. Vldm ^drb ^drb wbs yjumf, sld ZZZZZZtypd quhaciy. Qld tjjc b typhmf aibss bmg mjw sld  ZZZZZZZ typd vdry quhaciy! ajuig mjt / abm tj

abm / ajuig

ajuig mjt / abm