Lesson 10 - Replacement Studies

 

Cikmiccrmik C`didfy  C`didfy 

XC^JB@CFCI\ P\SLMCP

Xcpjb`cfcit c`didfy stulmcs fby hc fblc hy biy de toc hbsm` prd`clurcs dr pbttcris wom`o obvc hcci lms`usscl prcvmdusjy di toms `dursc. Odwcvcr, mi fdst `bscs, cmtocr toc rbtc de rcturi dr toc biiubj `dst fctodl ms uscl. 2.  B rc`bppmik pjbit ms pjbiimik td b`qumrc b icw Lmcscj kcicrbtmik sct td rcpjb`c mts rcscit uimt wom`o tocy rui lurmik hrdwiduts. \oc icw sct wdujl `dst 203,>>> wmto b emvc (3) ycbr-jmec, bil id cstmfbtcl sbjvbkc vbjuc. Ubrmbhjc `dst wdujl hc 23>,>>> b ycbr. \oc prcscit kcicrbtmik sct obs b hdda vbjuc de ;3,>>> bil b rcfbmimik jmec de 3 ycbrs. Mts lmspdsbj vbjuc idw ms ;,3>> hut mt wdujl hc zcrd betcr 3 yc ycbrs. brs. Ubrmbhjc dpcrbtmik `dst wdujl hc 2?;,3>> b y ycbr. cbr. Fdicy ms wdrto 2>%. [om`o ms prdemtbhjc, td huy toc icw kcicrbtdr sct dr rctbmi toc rcscit sct4 Puppdrt ydur biswcr hy sodwmik ydur `dfputbtmdi. Pdjutmdi7 Xctbmimik toc prcscit kcicrbtdr7 Biiubj `dsts7

;3,>>>> ;3,>>>>   +.) +))∘V 6 Q(+. .)∘V 6 28 28,8? ,8? >>     6 , ,. .  Xcpjb`cfcit(icw kcicrbtdr sct)7 Biiubj `dsts7

203,>>>> 6 88,22      6 203,>>>> 6 88,228.5 8.53== 3==  +))∘V (+. )∘ +.) Q(+ Q . V         6 23>,> 23>,>>> >>      6 , ,. .      6 2==,;?>>  23>,>>>  2?;,>>> 6 =?,>>>             6 8;,5;8.2322 >.8?805?  8?.805 8?.805?% ?% =?,>>> 6 >.8?805? Pmi`c toc rbtc de rcturi di bllmtmdibj mivcstfcit ms krcbtcr tobi toc mitcrcst rbtc (XDX92>%), tocrcedrc mt ms c`didfm`bj td huy b icw kcicrbtdr sct.

8.  Bi cxmstmik eb`tdry fust hc cijbrkcl dr rcpjb`cl td b``dffdlbtc icw prdlu`tmdi fb`omicry. \oc stru`turc wbs humjt bt b `dst de ^8.5 fmjjmdi. Mts prcscit hdda vbjuc, hbscl di strbmkot str bmkot jmic lcprc`mbtmdi ms ^;>>,>>> hut mt obs hcci bpprbmscl bt ^?>>,>>>. Me toc stru`turc ms bjtcrcl, toc `dst wmjj hc ^2.5 fmjjmdi bil mts scrvm`c jmec wmjj hc cxtcilcl ? ycbrs wmto b sbjvbkc vbjuc de ^5>>,>>>. B icw eb`tdry `dujl hc pur`obscl dr humjt edr ^3 fmjjmdi. Mt wdujl obvc b jmec de 8> ycbrs bil b sbjvbkc vbjuc de ^;>>,>>>. Biiubj fbmitcibi`c de toc icw humjlmik wdujl hc ^25>,>>> `dfpbrcl wmto p2>>,>>> mi toc cijbrkcl stru`turc. Odwcvcr, toc mfprdvcl jbydut mi toc icw humjlmik wdujl rclu`c biiubj

PCB  ‐ Kcicrbj Cikmiccrmik Lcpbrtfcit

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Cikmiccrmik C`didfy  C`didfy 

prdlu`tmdi `dst hy ^8,>>>. Bjj dtocr cxpciscs edr toc icw stru`turc brc cstmfbtcl bs hcmik cqubj. Ssmik mivcstfcit rbtc de ?%, lctcrfmic wom`o ms fdrc bttrb`tmvc mivcstfcit edr toms emrf. Pdjutmdi7 Cijbrkcl humjlmik7

?>>,>>>2,5>>,>>>5>>,>>>      6 ?>>,>>>2,5>>,>>>5>>,>>> 6  (+ (+. +)) ∘ +.))∘ 6 25 25=,8 =,885. 85.35=2 35=2      ( ))      



.

6 2>>,>>>> >>  6 8 8,>,>>> >>  6 , ,. . 

Icw humjlmik7

3,>>>,>>>;>>,>>> 6 =0,=5      6 3,>>>,>>>;>>,>>> 6 =0,=5>> >>      6 , ,. .      6 3>=,885.35=2  830,=5>>,>>>  ?>>,>>>  2,>>>,>>> 6 8,5>>,>>> 833,858.>;28            6 8,5>>,>>> 6 >.>=?2;; >.>=?2;;  =.?2;; =.?2;;% % Pmi`c toc rbtc de rcturi di bllmtmdibj mivcstfcit ms krcbtcr tobi toc mivcstfcit rbtc de ?%, tocrcedrc mt ms rc`dffcilcl td `distru`t toc icw humjlmik.

0.  B lc`msmdi fust hc fblc woctocr td rcpjb`c b `crtbmi cikmic wmto b icw dic, dr td rchdrc toc `yjmilcr de toc djl cikmic bil todrdukojy rc`dilmtmdi mt. \oc drmkmibj `dst de toc cikmic 2> ycbrs bkd wbs ^;>,>>>, td rchdrc bil rc`dilmtmdi mt idw wmjj `dst ^8?,>>>, hut wdujl cxtcil mts usceuj jmec edr 3 ycbrs. B icw cikmic wmjj obvc b emrst `dst de ^58,>>> bil wmjj obvc bi cstmfbtcl jmec de 2> ycbrs. Mt ms cxpc`tcl tobt toc biiubj `dst de toc eucj bil juhrm`bits wmto toc rc`dilmtmdicl cikmic wmjj hc bhdut ^8>,>>> bil tobt toms `dst wmjj hc 23% jcss wmto toc icw cikmic. Mt ms bjsd hcjmcvcl tobt rcpbmrs wmjj hc ^8,3>> b ycbr jcss wmto toc icw cikmic tobi wmto toc rc`d rc`dilmtmdicl ilmtmdicl dic. Bssufc tobt icmtocr cikmic obs biy ict rcbjmzbhjc vbjuc woci rctmrcl. Me fdicy fd icy ms wdrto 25%, wobt wdujl ydu rc`dffcil4 Pdjutmdi7 Xc`dilmtmdicl cikmic7 Biiubj `dsts7

8?,>>> 6 >;2.>  (+ +)) ∘ (+. +.))∘ 

.

    ((  ))          6 8?,>> 8?,>>>>(>.25 >.25))      

6 8>,>> 8>,>>>>  6 8,3 8,3>> >>  6   6 ,. , . 

Icw cikmic7

PCB  ‐ Kcicrbj Cikmiccrmik Lcpbrtfcit

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Cikmiccrmik C`didfy  C`didfy 

Biiubj `dsts7

58,>>> 6 8,==>;.?5      6 58,>>> 6 >;.?5;2 ;2   (+ +)) ∘ (+. +.))∘ 

.

    (8>,>>>>)(>.?3) >>)(>.?3) 6 2;,>>> 2;,>>>  ( )        6 58,>> 58,>>>> >.25 >.25)   6 = =,=,=8> 8>      6 ,. , .  Pmi`c toc tdtbj biiubj `dst de rc`dilmtmdicl cikmic ms krcbtcr tobi woci rcpjb`cl wmto b icw cikmic, tocrcedrc mt ms rc`dffcilcl td rcpjb`c toc djl cikmic.

Xcecrci`cs7 Hjbia, J. & \brqumi, B. (8>2?). Cikmiccrmik C`didfy (?to Cl.). F`Krbw-Omjj Clu`btmdi. Pujjmvbi, [., [m`as, C. & Adcjjmik, @. ^. (8>2>>). Cikmiccrmik C`didfy (0rl Cl.). Ibtmdibj Hdda Ptdrc. Brrcdjb, F. (2==0). Cikmiccrmik C`didfy   (0 (0rl Cl.). Aci Mi`drpdrbtcl.

PCB  ‐ Kcicrbj Cikmiccrmik Lcpbrtfcit

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