Lee El Siguiente Caso

 

Bff fb saeuafdtf gjsm9 Bj fnprfsj ‒Nuúfquatms W. J lf G._„ fs udj gmnpjúîj quf sf lflagj j bj ojcragjga÷d lf nuúfgms lf pfbughf lf laofrfdtfs tjnjúms, udj lf bjs gjrjgtfrîstagjs nês anpmrtjdtfs lf laghms nuúfgms, y quf hjd bmerjlm pmsagamdjr fb  prmlugtm, fs quf ástms vafdfd vfstalms gmd ud njdlab ojcragjlm gmd tfbj njsgmtj lf laofrfdtfs gmbmrfs y gmd cmrlf lf gmbmrfs, fd fb gujb sf fdgufdtrj cmrljlj bj njrgj gmnfrgajb lf bms nuúfgms lf pfbughf quf fs ‒Mscfrt„, bm quf rfsubtj nuy anpmrtjdtf pjrj bj gmnfrgajbazjga÷d lf bms nuúfgms, pufs bfs lj udj laofrfdgaj anpmrtjdtf fdtrf bms laofrfdtfs nuúfgms lf pfbughf quf hjy fd fb nfrgjlm y fd lmdlf bj ùdagj fnprfsj gjpjz lf bmerjr bj gjbaljl lfb njdlab fs bj fnprfsj ‒Njdlabatms„.Bj fnprfsj ‒Nuúfquatms W. J lf G._„ hj tfdalm udj fxgfbfdtf rfbjga÷d fnprfsjrajb lurjdtf :6 júms gmd bj gmnpjúîj prmvfflmrj lf bms njdlabfs pjrj sus nuúfgms, yj quf bf lj ud cufd prfgam, bf fdtrfej pudtujbnfdtf y su rjz÷d gjbaljl/gmstm fs jlfgujlj. Wad fncjrem, fb njtranmdam lufúm lf bj fnprfsj ‒Njdlabatms„, sf lavmrga÷, qufljdlm bj fnprfsj fd njdms lf bj fspmsj, quafd dudgj hjcîj njdfijlm bj fnprfsj y gmd quafd dudgj sf hjcîj tfdalm gmdtjgtm larfgtm fd bjs dfemgajgamdfs rfbjgamdjljs gmd bms pflalms lf bms njdlabfs dfgfsjrams pjrj pmlfr gmnfrgajbazjr bms nuúfgms lf pfbughf lf ‒Nuúfquatms W. J lf G._.„ Lfcalm j bj fxpjdsa÷d lf bj fnprfsj ‒Nuúfquatms W. J lf G._„ sf bf hj smbagatjlm j bj fnprfsj ‒Njdlabatms„ ud pflalm lf :0,000 njdlabfs fxtrjs jb pflalm rfeubjr, lfcalm j bj lfnjdlj lf bms nuúfquatms fd fb dufvm :30 lf :3< Wfxtm sfnfstrf nfrgjlm fd quf sf fstê adgursamdjlm, fb gujb sf fdgufdtrj fd Gfdtrmjnáragj, rfea÷d nuy sfdsacbf j bms  prfgams lf bms prmlugtms. Fnpfrm, jb rfjbazjr fb pflalm, bj dufvj lufúj lf bj fnprfsj lf bj djlj y sad cjsf jbeudj hj lfgala÷ adgrfnfdtjr fb prfgam udatjram lf bms njdlabfs fd 70%, bm quf rfprfsfdtj pjrj bj fnprfsj ‒Nuúfquatms W. J lf G._„ ud junfdtm fd bms gmstms lf su  prmlugtm y bj anpmsacabaljl lf njdtfdfr bms prfgams pfrtadfdtfs quf bj hjd gjrjgtfrazjlm hjstj hmy. Jb trjtjr lf hjcbjr gmd bj lufúj lf ‒Njdlabatms„ pjrj dfemgajr fb prfgam lf bms njdlabfs, fbbj sf hj dfejlm j gjncajr lf pmsturj, jreunfdtjlm quf bj fnprfsj hj vfdalm jcsmrcafdlm fb gmstm vfrljlfrm lf bmsnjdlabfs, pmr bm quf bf fs anpmsacbf cjijr fb prfgam lfb njdlab.Fs anpmrtjdtf lfstjgjr quf ‒Nuúfquatms W. J lf G._„ rfprfsfdtj 50% lf bjs vfdtjs lf ‒Njdlabatms„.j) Sfjbazj ud fdsjym lf dm nês lf 5 gujrtabbjs fxpbagjdlm g÷nm smbugamdjrîjs fstê satujga÷d, gmd tmlms bms ojgtmrfs vastms fd tmlm fb gursm.c) ½G÷nm rfjbazjrîjs bj dfemgajga÷d pjrj mctfdfr ud rfsubtjlm j ojvmr= (Oudljnfdtj gmrrfgtjnfdtf gmd tmlms bms jspfgtms vastms fd bjs udaljlfs jdtframrfs y lftjbbj fb prmgfsm lf dfem dfemgajga÷d gajga÷d quf grfjs gmdvfdafdtf).

 

j) Sfjbazj Sfjbazj ud fdsjym fdsjym lf dm nês lf lf 5 gujrtabbj gujrtabbjss fxpbagjdlm fxpbagjdlm g÷nm smbuga smbugamdjrî mdjrîjs js fstê satujga÷d, gmd tmlms bms ojgtmrfs vastms fd tmlm fb gursm Pjrj Gmnprf Pjrj Gmnprfdlf dlfrr ud gmdoag gmdoagtm tm m udj satuj satujga÷ ga÷d d lf dfemga dfemgajg jga÷d a÷d fs udljn udljnfdt fdtjb jb pj pjrj rj rfsmbvfrbj jlfgujljnfdtf, y smd vjrams bms fbfnfdtms j gmdsalfrjr. Bflfrjgh? lfdf udj fstrugturj traêlagj fd bm quf lfdmnadj ‒pbjdm lfb gmdoagtm„, y fs fxtfdsacbf j gujbquafr mtrj satujga÷d lf dfemgajga÷d (Oaeurj :).

j) Bjs pfrsmdjs pfrsmdjs anpbagjl anpbagjljs, js, larfgtj larfgtj f adlarfgtjnfd adlarfgtjnfdtf, tf, gmd sus dfgfsalj dfgfsaljlfs lfs y vjbmrfs, vjbmrfs, sus pfrgfpgamdfs lfb mtrm y lfb gmdoagtm, sus sfdnafdtms, rfgursms, pmlfr, y sus pmsturjs c) Fb prmcbfn prmcbfnj, j, fb jsudt jsudtm m m jsudtms jsudtms quf fdrfdt fdrfdtjd jd j bjs pfrsmd pfrsmdjs. js. Bms Bms nmvm nmvmss lf la lasg sgrf rfpj pjdg dgaj aj,, bms bms tfnj tfnjss j rf rfsm smbvf bvfr, r, bms bms rf rfgu gurs rsms ms j rf rfpj pjr rr. r. Bm Bmss adtf adtfrf rfsf sfss rfprfsfdtjd fb pmr quá bms b ms jsudtms smd anpmrtjdtfs pjrj bjs pfrsmdjs. g) Fb prmgfsm, prmgfsm, g÷nm g÷nm sf lfsjrrmbbj lfsjrrmbbj fb gmdoagtm gmdoagtm y g÷nm g÷nm trjtjd trjtjd lf rfsmbvfrbm rfsmbvfrbm bjs bjs pjrtfs, pjrtfs, g÷nm g÷n m tmnjd tmnjd lfg lfgasa asamd mdfs, fs, g÷n g÷nm m sf trj trjtjd tjd,, quá gbanj grfjd. grfjd. J nfdul nfdulm m fs fstf fstf prmgfsm, nês quf fb prmcbfnj fd sî, bj ufdtf lf pfrgfpga÷d lf adiusgajs, lf rfdgmrfs m lf lagubtjlfs pjrj rfsmbvfr fb gmdoagtm.

 

l) Fstms Fstms trfs fbfnfdtms fbfnfdtms pbjdtfj pbjdtfjd d j su vfz trfs pms lf adtfrfsf adtfrfsfss j sjsjgfr sjsjgfr gmd bj df dfem emga gajg jga÷ a÷d d (t (traê raêde deub ubm m lf sjs sjsj jgg gga÷ a÷d) d),, y quf quf sf rf rfpr prfs fsfd fdtj tj fd bj Oa Oaeu eurj rj Psagm Psagmb÷e b÷eagm agmss m pfrsmd pfrsmdjbf jbfss (bj (bjss pjrtf pjrtfss lfsfjd lfsfjd sfr rfspft rfspftjlj jljss fd su laedal laedaljl jl y jutmfsnj)  Wucstjdgajbfs m rfbjvms jb jsudtm j dfemgajr (bjs pjrtfs quafrfd bj nfimr smbuga÷d pjrj sus adtfrfsfs) Lf prmgflanafdtm (fb prmgfsm hj lf gunpbar gafrtjs rfebjs, lf bfejbaljl, banpafzj, gmrtfsîj, ftg.) Pjrj pmlfr pmlfr tfdfr udj dfemgajg dfemgajga÷d a÷d fxatmsj fdtrf fdtrf bj fnprfsj fnprfsj Nuúfquatm Nuúfquatmss y bj fnprfsj fnprfsj Njdlj Nj dljbat batms ms sf Jpbag Jpbagjrj jrj bj sae saeuaf uafdtf dtf fst fstrj rjtfe tfeaj aj lf dfemg dfemgajg ajga÷d a÷d lf bj gujb gujb sf lfsgra lfsgracf cf crfvfnfdtf j gmddujga÷d9 gmddujga÷d9 Wafnprf hjy ud sastfnj quf, fd njymr m nfdmr nflalj9 j) Lftfrnad Lftfrnadj j bms rmbfs lf bjs pjrtfs, pjrtfs, su suss rfspmdsjca rfspmdsjcabaljl baljlfs fs y bfjbtjlfs. bfjbtjlfs. c) Gmdlagamd Gmdlagamdj j bj rfbjga÷d rfbjga÷d fdtrf fdtrf bjs pjrtfs pjrtfs y su fquabac fquabacram ram lf pml pmlfr. fr. g) Prmpm Prmpmdf df m anpmdf anpmdf gratf gratfram ramss y dmrnj dmrnjss quf jfgtjd jfgtjd j bjs pjrtfs pjrtfs y j bjs pmsac pmsacbfs bfs smbugamdfs. l) Mrfgf Mrfgf udms rfgursm rfgursmss y pmsacabaljlf pmsacabaljlfss lftfrnadjlm lftfrnadjlms, s, y dm mtrms. f) Warvf Warvf lf pudtm pudtm lf rffrf rffrfdga dgaj j pjrj pjrj bjs fxpfg fxpfgtj tjvjs vjs y mcifv mcifvms ms lf bjs pjrtfs pjrtfs (pmr (pmr gmnpjrjga÷d gmnpjrjg a÷d gmd mtrms, gubturj, hastmraj, ftg.). Fb gmdoagtm y bj dfemgajga÷d puflfd tfdfr gmdsfgufdgajs fd fb sastfnj fd su gmdiudtm m smcrf mtrjs adtferjdtfs lfb nasnm, bm quf jújlf ud gratfram nês j bj almdfaljl lf bjs smbugamdfs9 ástjs lfcfrêd sfr fgmb÷eagjs. Gmd fstm Gmd fstmss fb fbfn fnfd fdtm tms, s, fb njpj njpj lfb lfb gmdo gmdoag agtm tm m df dfem emgaj gajga ga÷d ÷d j fstu fstula lajr jr qufl qufljr jrîj îj fstrugturjlm lf bj saeuafdtf mrnj

 

Fd gjsm lf gmdoagtm, fb gmnpmrtjnafdtm lf bjs pjrtfs fstê laraealm pranmrlajbnfdtf j bj sjsjgga÷d lf jbeudj nmvjga÷d prmpaj, (adtfdga÷d ‒femîstj„) sfdlj gmnm anpmrtjdtf, y s÷bm fd lftfrnadjljs jsfs lfb gmdoagtm puflf jújlarsf udj adtfdga÷d ljúadj hjgaj bj mtrj pjrtf (f adgbusm fd fstf gjsm, tjncaád sucyjgf jbeudj dfgfsaljl prmpaj, gmnm, pmr fifnpbm, bj lf rfgaprmgaljl y iusgaj). J nfdulm sf hjgf lagab lasdeuar fdtrf gmnpmrtjnafdtm f adtfdga÷d, pfrm fs prfgasm hjgfrbm jdtf gmnpmrtjnafdtms adfgjgfs m gmdtrjprmlugfdtfs quf dm bbfejd j sjsjgfr bj adtfdga÷d quf bms anpubsj y quf sfrîj dfgfsjram gjncajr. Lfdtrm lf bjs nmvjgamdfs hunjdjs, sf lasdeuf fdtrf9 j) Dfgfsalj Dfgfsaljlfs9 lfs9 Nmvjgam Nmvjgamdfs dfs udavfrsjbfs udavfrsjbfs y pranmrlajbf pranmrlajbfs, s, prmcjcbfnfd prmcjcbfnfdtf tf efdágjs, efdágjs, j guyj sjsjgga÷d dm sf puflf rfdudgajr sad surar gmdsfgufdgajs erjvfs, (sagjs, psagmb÷eagjs, fnmgamdjbfs m fsparatujbfs). c) _j _jbmr bmrfs9 fs9 Nmvj Nmvjgam gamdfs dfs quf fstêd fstêd lftfrn lftfrnadj adjljs ljs gubtu gubturjb rjbnf nfdtf dtf,, fspfga fspfgagj gjlj ljss y lfdaljs pmr bjs gmstuncrfs y grffdgajs lf udj gubturj pjrgubjr. g) Ad Adtf tfrf rfsf sfs9 s9 Nmv Nmvjg jgam amdf dfss jgtu jgtujb jbfs fs y gj gjnc ncaj ajdt dtfs fs sfeù sfeùd d bj bjss garg gargud udst stjd jdga gajs js.. Jsparjgamdfs smgajbfs, pmbîgjs y fgmd÷nagjs lf bms adlavalums y erupms smgajbfs. W÷bm puflf W÷bm puflf fdtfdl fdtfdlfrs frsf f jlfgu jlfgujlj jljnfd nfdtf tf fb gmn gmnpmr pmrtj tjnaf nafdtm dtm lf udj pfrsmd pfrsmdj j sa sf adtfrprftj jlfgujljnfdtf sus njpjs y sus adtfdgamdfs pmsavjs (dfgfsaljlfs, vjbmrfs, adtfrfsfs, mcifvms).

Pfds Pfdsjd jdlm lm jsî, jsî, nuy nuy pr prmc mcjc jcbfn bfnfd fdtf tf bjs bjs pjrt pjrtfs fs gm gmds dsal alfr frjr jrêd êd gm gmnm nm áxat áxatm m bj njym njymrr sjsjgga÷d pmsacbf lf jncjs, pmr bm quf sf mrafdtjrêd j fdgmdtrjr m gmdstruar smbugamdfs lfb pm ejdjr-ejdjr. ejdjr-ejdjr. Puf Puflf lfd d cusgj cus gjrr smbug smbugamd amdfs fslf pjrj pjsus rj jgtms fb gmr gmrtm y nflam nfl am pbjzm, pbjzm, pfrm pfrm tfdlfr tfdlfrêd êd j gmdsal gmdsalfrj frjrr tjncaád bjs gmdsfgufdgajs jtm bjrem pbjzm.

 

Judquf quazê gmnafdgfd gmd udj dfemgajga÷d pmsagamdjb, prmdtm adtfdtjrêd gmnprfdlfr cafd caf d bms adtfrf adtfrfsfs sfs rfspfg rfspfgvm vmss y j cu cusgj sgjrr fbfnfd fbfnfdtms tms gmnud gmnudfs, fs, grfjd grfjdlm lm ud fsbm fsbm lf dfemgajga÷d cjsjlj fd dfgfsaljlfs y pradgapams, m fd mcifvms suprjmrladjbfs (mcifvms quf fstêd pmr fdganj lf bjs pjrtfs y quf jncjs jsunfd gmnm prmpams). Wfj gujb gujb sfj fb gba gbanj nj ada adagaj gajb, b, gmnp gmnprfd rfdlfr lfrêd êd bj gmdvfd gmdvfdafd afdgaj gaj lf njdt njdtfdf fdfrr ud gba gbanj nj sugafdtfnfdtf cufdm (lf rfspftm, gmdjdzj y jjcabaljl). Fb fsbm lf gmnpmrtjnafdtm sfrê, nuy prmcjcbfnfdtf, gmmpfrjvm, judquf fd jbeudms nmnfdtms lfb prmgfsm puflfd adtfrgjbjrsf mtrms fsbms, sfeùd bms jvjdgfs, bjs rfjggamdfs fnmgamdjbfs, ftg..

  ½G÷nm ½G÷nm rfjba rfjbazjrî zjrîjs js bj dfemgaj dfemgajga÷ ga÷d d pjrj pjrj mctfdfr mctfdfr ud rfs rfsubt ubtjlm jlm j ojvmr= ojvmr= (Oudljn (Oudljnfdt fdtjj gmrrfgtjnfdtf gmd tmlms bms jspfgtms vastms fd bjs udaljlfs jdtframrfs y lftjbbj fb prmgfsm lf dfemgajga÷d quf grfjs gmdvfdafdtf). Wu mcifvm fs bmerjr bj sjsjgga÷d lf bjs dfgfsaljlfs f adtfrfsfs lf bjs pjrtfs. Nês quf lffdl lf fdlfr fr udj udj lftfrn lftfrnadj adjlj lj pmsaga pmsaga÷d ÷d ada adagaj gajb, b, bjs pj pjrtf rtfss sf fsufr fsufrzjd zjd pmr fdgmdt fdgmdtrjr rjr m fbjcmrjr jbtfrdjvjs quf bjs sjsjejd. sjsjejd. j) c) g) l)

Pfrsmdjs Pfrsmdjs99 Wfpjrjr Wfpjrjr j bjs bjs pfrsmd pfrsmdjs js lfb lfb prmcbfnj. prmcbfnj. Adtfrfsfs Adtfrfsfs99 Gfdtrjrsf Gfdtrjrsf fd bms bms adtfrfsfs, adtfrfsfs, dm dm fd bjs pmsagamd pmsagamdfs. fs. Mpga Mpgamdfs mdfs99 Jdtfs Jdtfs lf tmnjr tmnjr lfgasamd lfgasamdfs, fs, efdfrjr efdfrjr pmsaca pmsacabaljl baljlfs. fs. Gratframs Gratframs99 Cjsjr Cjsjr bms rfsubtjl rfsubtjlms ms fd gratfram gratframss mcifvms mcifvms

Nuy j nfdulm, y fspfgajbnfdtf fd bjs satujgamdfs lf gmdoagtm prmbmdejlm m adtfdsm, gjlj pjrtf fdlf j alfdgjr jb mtrm gmnm ‒fb prmcbfnj„, bm quf fnpfmrj dmtjcbfnfdtf bj rfbjga÷d y bj pmsacabaljl lf jgufrlms. Bms dfemgajlmrfs smd, jdtf tmlm, pfrsmdjs. Wa mbvalj mbv aljnm nmss fstm fstm pmlfnm pmlfnmss hjgfr hjgfr rjgjs rjgjsjr jr lf jdtfnj jdtfnjdm dm bj cùsquf cùsquflj lj lf udj smbuga smbuga÷d ÷d dfemgajlj. Bjs pfrsmdjs dm smd prmcbfnjs jdljdtfs. Vd prmcbfnj puflf sfr bm quf udj pfrsmdj quafrf, m hjgf, m sjcf, m fdfdlf fs lfgar, jspfgtms gmdgrftms y fspfgîgms, pfrm dm bj pfrsmdj fd su gmdiudtm. Bj laedaljl lf bjs pfrsmdjs fstê pmr fdganj lf bms prmcbfnjs, y udj cufdj dfemgajga÷d fs jqufbbj jqu fbbj quf, quf, jlfnê jlfnêss lf fdgmdt fdgmdtrjr rjr udj smbug smbuga÷d a÷d sjs sjsjgt jgtmra mraj, j, njdf njdfdf df m nfimrj nfimrj bj rfbjga÷d fdtrf bjs pjrtfs. Jbem quf jyulj j lftfrnadjr fb prmcbfnj fd sî, pmr ud bjlm, y pmr mtrm bj satujga÷d lf bj pfrsmdj fs lfdar fxjgtjnfdtf fb jspfgtm prmcbfnêgm (bj gmdlugtj, bms hfghms, ftg.) y banpajrsf bjs ejjs pjrj vfr quá jspfgtms lf bj pfrsmdj dm s÷bm dm mrnjd pjrtf lfb prmcbfnj, sadm quf dfgfsatjnms pjrj bj smbuga÷d. Gmdsfims prêggms j) Hjcbj Hjcbj jsfrvjnf jsfrvjnfdtf dtf smcrf smcrf lf tus lfsfms, pudtms pudtms lf vastj y fnmgamdf fnmgamdfss y jgabatj jb mtrm hjgfr bm prmpam. c) Dm rfjgga rfjggamdfs mdfs jdtf jdtf bjs bjs fxpbmsam fxpbmsamdfs dfs fnmgam fnmgamdjbfs djbfs.. g) Fsgug Fsgughj hj nês nês lf lf bm quf hjcbj hjcbjs. s.

 

l) \rjtj \rjtj jb mtrm gmnm j ud gmbfej gmbfej gmd quafd quafd cusgjs cusgjs udj smbuga÷d smbuga÷d j udj gargudstj gargudstjdgaj dgaj quf gmnpjrs. f) An Anpal palf f qu quf f bms fems sf vfjd fdvufbt fdvufbtms ms fd bj lasgusa lasgusa÷d ÷d fsfdgaj fsfdgajb. b. \rjtj \rjtj gmd tjdtm tjdtm rfspftm j bj pfrsmdj gmnm gmd raemr jb prmcbfnj. Gfdtrjrsf fd bms adtfrfsfs, dm fd bjs pmsagamdfs Bms adtfrfsfs lfdfd fb vfrljlfrm prmcbfnj. Bjs pmsagamdfs fd gmdoagtm smd gmnm bj pudtj lfb agfcfre9 lfcjim fstêd bjs dfgfsaljlfs, adtfdgamdfs, lfsfms y tfnmrfs lf gjlj bjlm. Bj pmsaga÷d fs udj pmsturj cjsjlj fd udj lfgasa÷d, lfdalj pmr udj gmdlugtj njdafstj. Bms adtfrfsfs smd fb gmdiudtm lf adtfdgamdfs quf hjd nmvjlm laghj lfgasa÷d. Pjrj alfdgjr bms adtfrfsfs lf bj mtrj pjrtf prfeudtj9 ½Pjrj quá= ½Pmr quá= ½Pmr quá dm= Sfgufrlj safnprf quf bms adtfrfsfs sufbfd sfr nùbpbfs. Q quf bms nês pmlfrmsms smd bms rfbjgamdjlms gmd bjs dfgfsaljlfs hunjdj hunjdjss cêsagjs. Hjcbj smcrf tus adtfrfsfs, lêdlmbms j gmdmgfr j bj mtrj pjrtf lf mrnj gbjrj y gmdgrftj. Hjz sjcfr j bj mtrj pjrtf quf tf anpmrtjd sus adtfrfsfs. Hjcbj Hjc bj pranf pranfrm rm lf tus adtfrfsf adtfrfsfss y rj rjzmd zmdfs, fs, y lfi lfij j pj pjrj rj fb djb djb bjs prmpufs prmpufstj tjss y bjs gmdgbusamdfs. Gmnprmnátftf Gmnprmnát ftf gmd tus adtfrfsfs nês quf gmd tu mpga÷d lf smbuga÷d adagajb. Fs pmsacbf quf hjyj nês, f adgbusm quf mtrj puflj sfr nfimr. Dm rfdudgafs j udj smbuga÷d iustj pjrj  y pjrj bj mtrj pjrtf. g. Cusgjr mpgamdfs lfb pm ‒tmlms ejdjd„ Bj anjeadjga÷d fs nês anpmrtjdtf quf fb gmdmganafdtm. gmdmganafdtm. Fb gmdmganafdtm fs banatjlm. Jbcfrt Fadstfad. Bj hjcabaljl pjrj cusgjr m advfdtjr mpgamdfs vfdtjimsjs pjrj