Lecture 4-Types of Research

RESEARCH ON ELT I Lecture IV

Rida Wahyuningrum  English Department Wijaya Kusuma University Universi ty,, Surabaya

 Types of research research fall into into  four categories:

1. Ap Appl plie ied d Rese Resear arch ch 2.Basic/Pure Research 3. Obstrus Obstrusive ive Resear Research ch 4.Non-O 4. Non-Obstru bstrusive sive Research

 Applied Research The purpose of applied research is to solve an immediate, practical problem

Basic/Pure Research The purpose of pure research is to add to the existing body of knowledge. It does not necessairily provide results of immediate, practical use.

Obstrusive Research This kind of research allows the researcher to introduce conditions that influence participants. In this, the researcher manipulates the environment.

Non-Obstrusive Research In this kind of research, the researcher avoids influencing subjects in any way and tries to be as inconspicious as possible.

FOUR MAIN TYPES OF RESEARCH

1. 2. 3. 4.

Historical Research Des Descrip riptive tive Res Researc earch h Correlation Re Research Exp Experim erimen enta tall Res Researc earch h

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Describes what was mostly non-obstrusive. It is a systematic process of searching for information and fact to describe, analyse, or interpret the past. Value: Value: providing prospective for decision making about current problems and issues are often better understood if we understand the historical perspective. Sources: Sources: having good backed sources to protect from criticism and most common sources are past records.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Describes what is mostly non-obstrusive. It describes, interprets, and clarifies what in the present, often done with surveys or by observation. Example: Example: developmental research is one common type of descriptive research which involves the study of changes in behaviour over a period of time.

CORRELATION RESEARCH

Makes comparisons, looking for trends or tendencies. The purpose is to find relationships between two or more variable so: 1. to bett better er unde unders rsta tand nd the the cond condit itio ions ns and and events that we encounter what goes with what) 2. to pr pred edic ictt fut futur uree cond condit itio ions ns and and eve event nts. s. 3. Corr Correl elat atio ions ns do no nott show show caus causee and and effect.

CORRELATION RESEARCH

Coefficients of Correlation: Correlation: -Range from -1 to 1 -The farther the number is away from 0 the higher the correlation -A negative correlation suggest an inverse effect -A 1 or -1 shows a perfect correlation -A correlation of 0 indicates no relationship

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Describes what will be mostly obstrusive. It is a research situation where at least one independent variable, called the experimental variable, is deliberately manipulated or varied by the researcher. Variable: Variable: element or characteristic being studied  Parameter: Parameter: element that remains unchanged (age, number of subjects)

IN SUMMARY 

To sum up with, types of research will go with the evidence of effectiveness (low to high).They can be summed up in a simple and brief description as it will be shown in the next slide.

NEXT

SOME OTHER TYPES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Survey Ex-post Facto Qualitative Quantitative Case Study Comparative Correlative Exp Ex per erim imen enta tall (t (tru ruee and and qu quas asi) i)

STUDENTS’ TASK 

Group Presentation II

1. Check th the ty type of of re research arch you are assigned for by looking into which group you belong to. 2. Find Find th the det detai aile led d inf infor orma mati tioon about the type, which include: a. Principles and characteristics b. Steps to conduct the research

STUDENTS’ TASK 

Group Presentation II

3. Writ Writee a shor shortt summ summar aryy abou aboutt point 1. 4. Find Find a mod model el of a res resea earc rch h pap paper er that suits point 1. 5. Id Iden enttify ify what what you you can can see see in point 1 upon the model. 6. Crea Create te a pr pres esen enta tati tion on to repo report rt what you accomplish in point 1 and point 5.

 THE TOPICS FOR  THE TASK  1. 2. 3. 4.

Grou Group p 1 : Surv Survey ey and and Ex-p Ex-pos ostt Fac Facto to Res Resea earc rche hess Grou Group p 2 : Qua Qualit litat ative ive and and Qua Quant ntit itat ative ive Rese Resear arch ches es Grou Group p 3 : Case Case Stu Study dy and Comp Compar arat ative ive Rese Resear arch ches es Grou Group p 4 : Cor Corre rela lati tive ve and and Exp Exper erim imen entt (tru (truee and and quasi) Researches

Rida Wahyuningrum  English Department Wijaya Kusuma University Universi ty,, Surabaya