Lecturas Unidad 2 Antropologia

 

  Tåtucl dm cg cmaturg;

Cg Aucturg Aucturg - Mstrgtmhi Mstrgtmhigs gs al`amptu al`amptugcms gcms pgrg m`tm`dmr m`tm`dmr cg idm`tidgd, cg divmrsidgd, cg gctmridgd y cg diomrm`aig.

Gutl Gu tlrr pr pri` i`ai aipg pgc; c;

^gtr ^gtria iail il Humr Humrrm rml l Grig Grigs s

@lejrm @le jrm dmc mditlr mditlr;;

Mdiail Mdiail`ms `ms Gjyg Gjyg ‑ Ygcg Ygcg

G÷l dm pujcia pujciagai gaiñ`; ñ`;  

:>>: :>>: Humrrmrl, ^. (:>>:). Mstrgtmhigs al`amptugcms pgrg m`tm`dmr cg idm`tidgd, cg divmrsidgd y cg diomrm`aig. (Agpåtucls 7, :, 4, = 2 y 9).

Jijcilhrgoåg;

  Mstg `umvg situgail` slail bistlriag bg dmtmrei`gdl qum cg g`trl g`trlplc plclhi lhig g tm`hg tm`hg qum eldio eldioiag iagrr su sus s al`a al`ampa mpail` il`ms ms tmlriags, emtldlclhiags, gsi alel su ou`ail`, sus emtgs y mtiags, pgrg gvg`zgr m` mc prlamsl dm dmsalcl`izgail` dm u`g aim`aig qum bg sidl euy utic gc pldmr y gcg dlei`gail`. Jusag Jusa g m`tm m`tm`d `dmr mr gc smr smr bueg bueg`l `l y gcg gcg auct auctur urg g dm ltrl ltrls s pumjcls m` su divmrsidgd, pcurgcidgd y diomrm`aigdg, gatugc gat ugcem em`tm `tm,, al`st al`stitu ituym ym `l slcl slcl u`g prmlau prmlaupga pgail` il` dm quim`ms tim`m` i`tmrmsms hmlplclcitials mxpg`ail`mstgs, si `l qum ms i`tmrms dm cg bueg`idgd m` su al`ku`tl, y euabl egs m` rmgcidgdms slail aucturgcms alel cgs `ums `u mstr trgs gs m` cgs cgs qum qum clg clg divm divmrs rsid idgd gd,, cg pcur pcurgc gcid idgd gd y cg di diom omrm rm`a `aig ig sl` sl` cg rg rgzl zl` ` eise eiseg g dm su mxis mxistm tm`a `aig ig y cg mxprmsil` dm su egylr riqumzg. Dm gbå cg `mamsidgd dm mstu mstudi digr grcg cgs s g cg cu cuz z dm u`g u`g `umv `umvg g eirg eirgdg dg tm tmlr lria iag g y emtldlclhiag.

Zmsuem`;  

Cg g`trlplclhig alel aim`aig dmc blejrm y su aucturg. L egs gamrtgdgem`tm alel aim`aig dmc smr bueg`l y du aucturg dm cls sih`ioiagdls, sih`ioiagail`ms y sm`tidls qum al`s al`stru truym ym g trgvms trgvms dm mccg mccg al`tr al`triju ijuym ym g qum pldge pldgels ls ccmhgr g aleprm`dmr msg pcurgcidgd, divmrsidgd y diomrm`aig aucturgc mxistm`tm m` cg bueg`idgd, gsi alel cgs trgegs dm sm`tidl qum tmkm` cgs slaimdgdms pgrg cg al`struaail` dm divmrsgs olregs dm gctmridgd qum sl` cgs qym egrag` cls prlamsls dm m`aum`trls y dmsm`aum`trls m`trm cgs diamrsidgdms y diomrm`aigs slaigcms. Mstl pmritm rlepmr mc mquivlvl qum vm gcg g`trlplclhig alel u`g aim`ai aim `aig g lr lrim` im`tgd tgdg g gc mstud mstudil il sl slcl cl dm cgs sl slaim aimdg dgdms dms `l laaidm`tgcms

dm

cgs

aucturgs

i`dihm`gs

glrihm`gs

y

 

mxltiags prieitivgs l egrhi`gcms y dm sus eg`iomstgail`ms aucturgcms egs mxltiags. Bly mstg agdg vmx egs acgrl qum dmsdm cg g`trilclhuig pldmels ccmhgr g tm`mr u`g visil` blcistiag y sistmeiag dm cg slaimdgd bueg`g y g vmr cg aucturg alel u`g al`struaaail` siejlciag qum bgam plsijcm qum cgs dlaimdgdms pumdg` tmkmr divmrsgs trgegs dm sm`tidl, qum lrim`tg` su olreg dm smr y dm mstgr m` mc alsel dm cg vidg. Cg g`trlplclhig `ls pmreitmm`tm`dmr cg prlou`dg u`idgd y divmrsidgd dmc smr bueg`l. Al`lamr tg`tl su gsgdl alel su prmsm`ym, cl trgdiail`gc, gsi alel cg eldmr`idgd, cl i`dil cl `mhrl, cl rurgc y cl urjg`l m` oi` cg g`tlplclhig ms u`g aim`a aim`aig ig qu `ls `ls gyudg gyudg g aleprm aleprm`d `dmr mr cgs disti` disti`tgs tgs diem`ail`ms dmc sm`tidl ddm cg vidg y cg aucturg bueg`g. Cg g`tl g`tlpl plcl clhi hig g al`t al`tri riju juym ym g qum qum smge smgels ls ag agpg pgam ams s dm m`tm`dmr m`tm `dmr gqumccls gqumccls aleplrt aleplrtgeim` geim`tls tls qum sgcm` sgcm` oumrg oumrg dm `umstrls prlpils vgclrms, gsi alel g qum tm`hgelsacgrl qum cg divmrs divmrsgs gs i`stit i`stituvi uvil`m l`ms s slaig slaigcms cms y auctur aucturgcm gcms s dm slaimdgdms disti`tgs g cgs `umstrgs slcl pldrg` smr aleprm`didgd `l kuzhg`dlcgs dmsdm `umstrls pgtrl`ms dm aucturg., pmrl si g grtir dm su rgal`gcidgd, sus idmgs. Qus mtbls, sus vgclrms, cls prlpils u`ivmrsls aucturgcms qum diabgs slaimddms gbe al`struidl gcl cgrhl dm su bistlrig. M` al`smaum`aig, mc mstudil dmsdm cg pmrspmativg dm cg g`tlplclhig dmc smr bueg`le su idm`tidgd y su aucturg, cgs rmcgail`ms dm gctmridgd qum m` tlr`l g mccgs sm tmkme y cls sm`tidls qum diabgs rmcgail`ms memrhm`, gsi alel g su prldua prl duaail ail`, `, al`sti al`stituy tuym m u` rmqum rmqumrie rieim` im`tl tl y u`g dm cgs tgrmgs tgr mgs urhm` urhm`tms tms dm`tr dm`trl l dmc prlams prlamsl l dm olrkge olrkgeim` im`tl tl dm slaimdgd i`tmraucturgcms m` cgs qum smg plsijcm mc rmspmtl y cg al`vivm`aig pgaioiag al` cg divmridgd y cg i`diomrm`aig. M` slaimdgdms all cgs `umstrgs, gtrgvmsgdgs plr cg riqumzg dm cg divmrsidgd u cg diomrm`aig, cg g`trlplclhig dmjm al`trijuir gcg dmom`sg pir mc dmrmabl g msg divmridgd y diomrm diomrm`ai `aig g g prlpl prlpl`mr `mr slcua slcuail` il`ms ms plcit plcitiag iags s pgrg pgrg qum qum `umstrls ljkmtls dm mstudil yg `l smg` vistls alel tgcms si`l alel sukmtls plcitials m bistlrials m` pcm`itud, alel pumjcls al` dmsti`lt `l alel em`lrms dm mdgd gcls qum bgy qum prltmhmr m` olreg pgtmr`gcistg pgrg gsieicgrcls gc dmsgrrlccl y cg aivicizgail`, ljkmtl plr mc qum bg trgjgkgdl cg g`trlplclhig. Orm`tm g tldl mstm pg`lrgeg y g`tm cg alepcmkidgd dm cls

 

prljcmegs dm cgs slaimdgdms al`tmeplrg`mgs, sm pcg`tmg` pcg`t mg` i``uemrg i``uemrgjcms, jcms, dicmegs mtials y plcitials plcitials g cls g`trlplc g`tr lplclhls lhls.. ]`l dm mccls ms si dmjm` dmjm` alepr aleprlemt lemtmrsm mrsm al` cls hrupls al` cls qum mstg` trgjgkg`dl. Orm`tm g mstl sm rmgvivg cg vimkg disausiñ` sljrm cg `mutrgcidgd dm cg aim`aig gamptgdg plr cg vimkg g`trlplclhig trgdiail`gc, eim`trgs qum pgrg cg `umvg g`trlplclhig aritiag, gcg augc bmels bme ls ccmhgdl ccmhgdl g`trlplc g`trlplclhig lhig aleprle aleprlemtidg mtidg al` cg vidg, mstg acgrl acgrl qum su rmspl`s rmspl`sgjicid gjicidgd gd suprmeg suprmeg y su egylr aleprleisl dmjm smr al` cg vidg dm cg eiseg y simeprm m` ou`ail` dmc smr bueg`l, dm su jum`mstgr, su dih`idgd, su cijmrtgd y omciaidgd. Qi` u` aleprleisl plr cg dmom`sg dm cg dih`dgd y cijmrtgd bueg`gs, cg g`trlplclhig smhuirg sim`dl cg aim`aig dm cl mxltial, u` i`struem`tl utic pgrg mc mkmraiail dmc pldmr y cg dlei`gail`. Qi m` mc pgsgdl cg g`trlplclhig oum u` i`struem`tl dm dlei`aga dle i`agail` il` bly mstg vid`al u` elem`tl elem`tl bistlrial bistlrial m` qum m`au m`aum`t m`trg rg al`d al`diai iail` l`ms ms m` cgs qum pumdm pumdm trg` trg`so solr lreg egrs rsm m m` u` i`st i`stue uem` m`tl tl qum qum al al`t `tri riju juyg yg g cg cijmrgail` dmc smr bieg`l. Mstg pmrspmativg dm u`g g`tlpl g`t lplcl clhig hig aleprl aleprlem emtid tidg g al` al` cg vidg, vidg, pgsg pgsg plr u`g rmdmoi`iail` dm su ou`ail` dm su tgrmg tmlriag, su mpistmelclhig su emtldlclhig, y sljrm tldl dm su pmrspmativg mtiag y plcitiag. Mccl iepciag u`g prgxis egs aleprlemtidg al` cg bueg`izgail` qum cg al`rtrijuyg gcg dmsalcl`izgail` dm cg tmlrig y su prgatiag pgrg `utrircg dm al`tm`idl aritial y cijmrgdlr. Cg g`tlp g`tlplcl lclhig hig dmjm dmjm smr smr u` istrue istruem` m`tl tl aim`ti aim`tioia oial l qum mreitg goiregr `umstrl aleprleisl al` cg vidg qum `ls al`trijuyg `l slcl g mstudigrcg, al`lamrcg, i`tmrprmtgrcg, si`l qum gplrtm ou`dgem`tgcem`tm, g trg`solregrcg.  

 

 

^sialclhåg Aucturgc; ]`g Gprlxiegaiñ`

Tåtucl dm cg cmaturg;

Al`amptugc m Bistñriag gc M`aum`trl M`trm Em`tm y Aucturg

Gutl Gu tlrr pr pri` i`ai aipg pgc; c;

Emra Emramd mdms ms Au Aujm jmrl rl ^érm ^érmz z

@lejrm @le jrm dmc mditlr; mditlr;

Gvg`ams Gvg`ams m` ^sialclhå ^sialclhåg g cgti`lgem cgti`lgemriag riag`g `g

G÷l dm pujcia pujciagai gaiñ`; ñ`;

:>>= :>>=

 

Aujmrl, E. & Qg`tgegråg G. (:>>=) ^sialclhåg Aucturgc u`g gprlxi gpr lxieg egaiñ aiñ` ` al al`a `ampt mptugc ugc m bistñr bistñriag iag gc m`aum m`aum`tr `trl l m`trm m`trm em`tm y aucturg.

Jijcilhrgoåg;  

Mc ljkmtivl dm mstm trgjgkl ms g`gcizgr diomrm`tms plsiail`ms tmñriags qum sitûg` alel am`trl dm dmjgtm mc g`çcisis dm cls gspmatls diomrm`aigcms dmc ou`ail`geim`tl em`tgc y dm cgs agusgs qum hm`mrg` tgcms diomrm`aigs. Ql` pmrspmativgs qum, m` aimrtl sm`tidl y m` disti`tl hrgdl, gjg`dl`g` cg plsiaiñ` bmhme bmh meñ`i ñ`iag ag dmtm` dmtm`tgd tgdg g plr plr mc mstud mstudil il dm cls gpgrm gpgrm`tm `tms s i`vgri i`v grig`t g`tms ms dm cg em`tm em`tm.. Al` mccl mccl sm prmtm` prmtm`dm dm rmsgct rmsgctgr gr gchu`gs acgvms al`amptugcms qum `ls pmreitm` m`tm`dmr mc prmsm`tm dm diabg disaipci`g. M` al`armtl mxpclrgrmels dls cå`mgs dm pm`sgeim`tl i`tmrmsgdgs m` g`gcizgr mc pgpmc dm cg auct auctur urg g m` cg vi vidg dg em`t em`tgc gc.. ]`g ]`g pr prie iemr mrg g gr grrg rg`a `ag g dm cg trgdiaiñ` plsitivistg y rmgcistg dm cg Icustrgaiñ`, tm`im`dl su vmrsiñ` eçs gatugcizgdg m` cg ^sialclhåg Trg`saucturgc. ]`g smhu`dg smhu `dg prlvim`m prlvim`m dm plsiail` plsiail`ms ms rmcgtivist rmcgtivistgs gs alel alel cg qum m`agr`g mc elvieim`tl dm cg Zmvlcuaiñ` Zleç`tiag al`trg mc rgail`gcisel dm cg Icustrgaiñ`. Mstg tleg olreg m` cg smhu`dg psialclhåg dm Xu`dt

Zmsuem`;  

M` tlr`l g mstm mstudil, g cl cgrhl dm cg bistlrig dm cg psialclhåg bg mxistidl, y gû` mxistm, u`g al`trgdiaaiñ` qum i`tmrmsg dmstgagr. ^lr u`g pgrtm, sm rmal`lam qum u`g dm cgs agrgatmråstiags dmoi`itlrigs dm cls smrms bueg`ls ms su agpgaidgd y `mamsidgd dm vivir m` al`tmxtls aucturgcms. ^lr ltrg, si` mejgrhl, ms bgjitugc plr pgrtm dm hrg` ag`tidgd dm psiañclhls gagdéeials gsih`gr u` pgpmc smau`dgril g cg aucturg m` cg al`struaaiñ` dm cg vidg em`tgc. ¼Añel m`tm`dmr tgc al`trgdiaaiñ`6 Qbwmdmr, 7997). Dm gchu`g eg`mrg, cg au auctu cturg rg ms u` om`ñe om`ñem`l m`l i`diom i`diomrm` rm`aig aigjcm jcm dm cg prlpig prlpig em`tm (Lvmrtl`, 7998). Wuizç u`g dm cgs gplrtgail`ms dm i`tm i`tmré rés s dmc dmc pr prms msm` m`tm tm gr grtå tåau aucl cl sm smg g cg dm al`s al`sid idmr mrgr gr g cg ^sialclhåg Aucturgc `l alel u` agepl mspmaåoial dm i`vms i`v mstih tihgai gaiñ` ñ` l u`g u`g rgeg rgeg al`ar al`armtg mtg dm cg psial psialclh clhåg, åg, si`l si`l alel u` eldl dm bgamr psialclhåg (Jlmsab, 7997, 799?6 Alcm, Alc m, 799?/ 799?/ 7999). 7999). Eçs m` al al`ar `armtl mtl,, alel alel u`g eg`mr eg`mrg g dmtmrei`gdg dm gjlrdgr cls om`ñem`ls y prljcmegs m` cls qum mstç` i`tmrmsgdls cls psiañclhls. M` gdmcg`tm, sm i`tm`tgrç elstrgr añel cg ^sialclhåg Aucturgc rmprmsm`tg u` rm`lvgdl i`tmrés plr mc g`çcisis dm cg rmcgaiñ` em`tm-aucturg y sm dmom` dmom`dmr dmrç ç cg mxistm mxistm`ai `aig g dm u`g cgrhg cgrhg trgyma trgymatlr tlrig ig bistñr bis tñriag iag m` mstm mstm agepl agepl qum `l pumdm pumdm smr lcvidgdg lcvidgdg.. Mc dmjgtm sljrm cg i`ocum`aig dm cg aucturg m` cls prlamsls ps psia ialc lcñh ñhia ials ls i`di i`divi vidu dugc gcms ms y cg cgs s pr prmh mhu` u`tg tgs s qum qum dm éc sm dmrivg` sljrm cg `gturgcmzg dm cg em`tm bueg`g, tim`m` u`g cgrhg trgymatlrig m` cg bistlrig dm cg aim`aig, m` hm`mrgc, y dm cg psialclhåg, m` pgrtiaucgr. M` mstm trgjgkl bgrmels u` jrmvm jrmvm rmalrrid rmalrridl l bistñria bistñrial. l. Zmalrri Zmalrridl, dl, qum `l prmtm`dm prmtm`dm smr, m` sm`tidl mstriatl, u`g bistlrig dm cg ^sialclhåg Aucturgc, yg qum `l simeprm m`al`trgels u`g cå`mg dirmatg dm dmsam`dm`aig m`trm cls disti`tls elvieim`tls y gutlrms g cls qum bgrmels rmomrm`aig y cg ^sialclhåg Aucturgc dm `ums `u mstr trls ls då dågs gs.. Cl qum qum `l sih` sih`io ioia iag g qum qum `l sm pumd pumdg` g` rgstrmgr cgs bumccgs dmc cmhgdl dm aimrtgs alrrim`tms qum cm g`tmamdimrl` m` u` timepl eçs l em`ls amrag`l. G vmams, siepcmem`tm alel plsturg g cg qum m`orm`tgrsm y aritiagr, ltrgs,, alel ltrgs alel pu`tl pu`tl dm pgrti pgrtidg dg sl sljrm jrm mc qum qum prlou` prlou`diz dizgr. gr. @umstrl prlpñsitl ms prlplrail`gr u`g pmrspmativg bistñriag dm cg ^sialclhåg Aucturgc, m`tm`didg éstg m` sm`tidl gepcil, u`g visiñ` dm cls mcmem`tls dm al`ti`uidgd y agejil m` cgs `lail`ms sljrm aucturg y em`tm. Tldgs cgs plsiail`ms al`amptugcms sljrm cgs qum disautirmels, qum bg` surhidl y sm bg` dmsgrrlccgdl m` disti`tls elem`tls dm cg bistlrig dmc pm`sgeim`tl, tim`m` u` pu`tl m` aleû`, mc i`tmrés plr idm`tioiagr cgs vgrigjcms aucturgcms qum i`ocuym` m` cg hé`msis y mvlcuaiñ` dm cls prlamsls psialcñhials y qum pumdm` mstgr dmtmrei`g`dl cg mxistm`aig dm diomrm`aigs i`dividugcms m` cls eisels. Agdg u`g dm mccgs supl`m, plr tg`tl, cg visiñ` prmdlei`g`tm m` u`g éplag dm cg rmcgaiñ` m`trm aucturg y

 

em`tm.  

Tåtucl dm cg cmaturg;

^ltm`aigcidgdms Bueg`gs y Agpgaidgdms Tmrritlrigcms; Qm`dgs pgrg mc ^lstal`ociatl m` Alclejig.

Gutlrr pr Gutl pri` i`ai aipg pgc; c; G÷l G÷ l dm pujc pujcia iaga gaiñ iñ`; `;

Cuis Cuis Omci Omcipm pm Jgs Jgstidg tidgs s Ghui Ghuicg cgr. r. :>7= :>7=

Jicilhrgoig;

Jgstidgs, C. (:>7=) ^ltm`aigcidgdms bueg`gs y agpgaidgdms tmrritlrigcms; sm`dgs pgrg mc plstal`ociatl m` Alclejig. ]`ivmrsidgd dm @gri÷l. DMQJLZDMQ - Zmvistg dm I`vmstihgail`ms dm cg Msaumcg Aim`aigs Qlaigcms Grtm y Bueg`idgdms- ]@GD.

 

Mc prm prmsm` sm`tm tm grtåau grtåaucl cl gsuem gsuem mc plsta plstal`o l`ocia ciatl tl alel alel u`g u`g al`struaaiñ` slaigc qum m` Alclejig, alel prlamsl m` egra eg rabg bg,, su supl pl`m `m u`g u`g di`ç di`çei eiag ag qum qum rm rmqu quim imrm rm dm u`ls u`ls mcmem`tls mstrgtéhials gctmr`ls pgrg mc jgcg`am m`trm cgs trg`solregail`ms slailaucturgcms m i`stituail`gcms qum sm al`oihurg` durg`tm cg prlou`dizgaiñ` y mc olrtgcmaieim`tl dm cg ^gz. ^gz. Qm jusa jusag g gr grel el`i `izg zgrr mc tm tmeg eg dm plstal`o plst al`ociatl ciatlgjlr gjlrdg`d dg`dl l dls sm`dgs sm`dgs mstrgtéh mstrgtéhiags iags m` cgs plcåti plc åtiags ags i`stit i`stituai uail` l`gcm gcms s surhi surhidgs dgs dmsdm dmsdm mc el eldmc dmcl l tlptlpdlw`, pmrl qum prlymatgdgs jgkl cls pri`aipils dm m`dlhé`m m`dl hé`msis, sis, al`tmxtug al`tmxtugcidg cidgd d y dm trñpial, trñpial, rmprmsm` rmprmsm`tg` tg` u`g gctmr`gtivg pgrg mc rmtlr`l dm cg Alclejig dm cg –rgzg añseiag― añse iag―.. ^grg mccl sm rmgcizg rmgcizg u`g rmvisiñ` jijcilhrçoiag jijcilhrçoiag hm`mrg`dl, dmsdm mc al`amptl dm Al`struaaiñ` dm ^gz, mc rmcmvg`tm gpgcg`ageim`tl dm cgs pltm`aigcidgdms bueg`gs g trgvés dm cg Zmal`aicigaiñ` Qlaigc y, m` tlr`l gc al`amptl dm Dism÷l i`stituail`gc, mc olrtgcmaieim`tl dm cgs agpgaidg agpg aidgdmsp dmsplcåti lcåtiags ags tmrritlri tmrritlrigcms gcms dm cgs m`tidgdms m`tidgdms suj`gail`gcm `gai l`gcms s –mxacuidg –mxacuidgs―. s―. Qm`dgs Qm`dgs y pri`aipil pri`aipils s qum rmprmsm` rmpr msm`tg` tg` cmhitieidg cmhitieidgd, d, mstgjicidg mstgjicidgd d plcåtiag, plcåtiag, prlelaiñ prlelaiñ` ` dm prçatiags dmcijmrgtivgs, aiudgdg`ågs mepldmrgdgs, hljmr`gjicidgd y ^gz.

Zmsuem`;  

]`l dm cls pgrçe pgrçemtr mtrls ls qum mvidm` mvidm`aig aig` ` ms msam` am`gri grils ls dm plstal`ociatl ms cg disei`uaiñ` dm bleiaidils plr mc al`ociatl gregdl. Aleprm`dmr cg ieplrtg`aig dmc oi` dmc al`ociatl gregdl jgkl u`g tm`dm`aig dm `mhlaigaiñ`, pmreit pmr eitm m mvidm` mvidm`aig aigrr al al` ` egylr egylr rmcmv rmcmvg`a g`aig, ig, msls msls pgrçemtrls m`trm aug`titgtivls. Alclejig, mc prlamsl `mhlaigaiñ` mc Hljimr`l dmc prmsidm`tm Qg`tlsy dm cg

 

humrriccg dm cgs OGZAM^, plsijicitg` prlymatgr u` pmrildl al`struativl dm plstal`ociatl. Tm`im`dl m` aum`tg mc jgcg`am dm cls dgtls m` aug`tl g rmduaaiñ` dm bleiaidils plr mc al`ociatl gregdl m` Alclejig, jgkl cg pmrspmativg g`u`aigdg, mxistm yg u`g rmduaaiñ` dm diabl ocghmcl, alel cl goireg (Kustiaig y @gaiñ`, :>7=); Cg tgsg `gail`gc dm bleiaidils (mc `ûemrl dm agsls plr agdg 7>>.>>> bgjitg`tms) pldråg mstgr plr dmjgkl dm 1>, cl qum `l sm clhrg dmsdm oi`gcms dm cls 8>. (…) cg aiorg dm eimejrls dm cg Oumrzg ^ûjciag eumrtls m` smrviail m` mc :>74 ccmhñ g :?>. Mstm `ûemrl ms i`omrilr gc dmc :>71, aug`dl gcag`zñ cls 141. Qm al`vimrtm m` cg aiorg eçs jgkg m` dimz g÷ls, smhû` mc Ei`istmril dm Dmom`sg @gail`gc. Cg aiorg eçs gctg oum cg dmc :>>=, al` ?:9 u`iolregdls. (…) Dm ltrl cgdl, mc `ûemrl dm humrriccmrls eumrtls m` alejgtm oum dm :8= m` mc :>74. Qm al`vimrtm m` u`g aiorg i`omrilr g cg dmc :>71, g÷l m` qum sm rmplrtñ u` tltgc dm 17? sujvmrsivls dgdls dm jgkg. Ihugcem`tm m` mc tmeg dm bmabls viatieizg`tms, cg rmduaaiñ` dm suamsls ms al`sidmrgjcm, smhû` cl goireg mc grtåaucl dm cg pçhi`g virtugc dm Mc timepl (^lcåtiag, :>74) tm`im`dl m` aum`tg mc i`olrem sljrm mc al`ociatl gregdl qum prmsm`tgrg m` ghlstl dmc :>74, cg loiai`g LABG dm cg L@] m` Alcle Alclejig jig;; Cuis Cuis Omcipm Omcipm Jgstid Jgstidgs gs Ghuic Ghuicgr gr ^ltm`aigcidgdms bueg`gs y agpgaidgdms tmrritlrigcms; sm`dgs pgrg mc plstal`ociatl m` Alclejig ?2 Mc i`olrem (…) eumstrg qum cg dmaisiñ` dm `mhlaigr m` emdil dm cg humrrg tim`m alstls bueg`ls, pmrl qum cls diçclhls mstç` pmreit pmr eitim` im`dl dl rmdua rmduair ir cg i`tm`s i`tm`sidg idgd d dmc dmc al`oc al`ociat iatl. l. (…) Gc alepgrg ale pgrgrr cg aiorg aiorg dm 1>=.?:4 1>=.?:4 dmspcgzg dmspcgzgdls dls qum rmhistrñ rmhistrñ @gail` @ga il`ms ]`i dgs clscgs dls dl844.8 s ûctiel ûct iels g÷ls g÷l sgs(eim` (edmc im`trg trgs s el sm dig digclh clhg gmsm`]`idgs Aujg) Au jg)m` al` 84 4.888 88 svåatie våa tiegs eisel eis om`ñem` om`ñ em`l l icmhgc icmhgc qum, smhû` smhû` cg Zmd @gail`gc @gail`gc dm I`olre I`o lregai gaiñ` ñ` dm cg ]`idgd ]`idgd dm _åatie _åatiegs gs sm prms prmsm`t m`tgrl grl` ` m`trm :>7> y :>7:, bgy u`g rmduaaiñ` dm 419.7=1 gomatgdls plr mstm dmcitl. M` al`alrdg`aig al` cls suams sua msls, ls, ms i`tmr i`tmrmsg msg`tm `tm mc al al`a `ampt mptl l dm Hgctu` Hgctu`o, o, pgrg pgrg quim` cls al`ociatls m`tm`didls dm olreg plsitivg, prmtm`dm` u` msam`gril al`struativl m` aug`tl g hm`mrgdlrms dm trg`solregaiñ` slaigc, g su vmz, plr cg iepciagaiñ` pmdghñhiag qum rmquimrm`, yg qum plsijicitg mc mspgail pgrg m`sm÷gr/gprm`dmr g hmstil`gr cls al`ociatls. Mc gutlr gutlr prlpl`m prlpl`m mc rmal`la rmal`laieim` ieim`tl tl dmc–triç` dmc–triç`hucl hucl dm cg vilcm`aig―pgrg i`tmrprmtgr su di`çeiag, dmsdm cg vilcm`aig

 

dirmatg, cg vilcm`aig mstruaturgc qum mvidm`aig cg mxistm`aig dm mstruaturgs i`kustgs qum `l pmreitm` cg sgtisogaaiñ` dm cgs cgs `mam `mamsi sidg dgdm dms s y rm rmqu quim imrm rm pcg` pcg`ms ms y pr prlh lhrg rgeg egs s pgrg pgrg trg`solregr cg slaimdgd y armgr mc jim`mstgr alcmativl. Y cg vilcm` vil cm`aig aig auctur aucturgc gc hm`mr hm`mrgdl gdlrg rg dm cmhiti cmhitieg egaiñ aiñ` ` dm msgs msgs al`duatgs g trgvés dm gatitudms, mstmrmltipls y visil`ms. (Grtmghg, :>>?) Dm gaumrdl g cg rmvisiñ` jijcilhrçoiag m` tlr`l gc plstal`ociatl ms prmaisl dmtgccgr cls alepl`m`tms l rmtls rmtls,, qum jgkl jgkl cg pmrs pmrspma pmativ tivg g dm G`hmci G`hmcifg fg Zmttjm Zmttjmrh rh (: (:>> >>:) :),, sm rm rmal al`l `lam am` ` tg tgej ejié ié` ` alel alel –tme –tmegs gs mstrgtéh mstr gtéhials ials―; ―; Zmsuem Zmsuem` ` dm tmegs tmegs mstrgtéhi mstrgtéhials als pgrg cg prmpgrgaiñ` dmc plst-al`ociatl m` Alclejig; 7) Gplyl g rmaupmrgaiñ` plst-al`ociatl; Gtm`aiñ` bueg`itgrig g våatiegs våati egs dmc al`ociatl. al`ociatl. Zmtlr`l Zmtlr`l y gplyl gplyl dm pljcgail pljcgail`ms `ms dmspcg dms pcgzg zgdgs dgs.. Dmse Dmselvi lviciz cizgai gaiñ`/ ñ`/rmi rmi`t `tmhr mhrgai gaiñ` ñ` dm mxalejgt mxal ejgtim`tm im`tms. s. Dmsei`gdl Dmsei`gdl.. :) Zmal`str Zmal`struaai uaaiñ` ñ` dm i`orgmstruaturg Tmegs mal`ñeials; Zmstgurgaiñ` dm agpgaidgd dm eg`mkl mal`ñeial. Hm`mrgaiñ` dm rmaursls pgrg mc plst-al`ociatl. @graltrçoial. ^gpmc dmc smatlr privgdl. 1) Tmegs plcåtials y dm gdei`istrgaiñ` dmc Mstgdl; Gdmaugaiñ` y olrtgcmaieim`tl dm i`stituail`ms mstgtgcms. Lrdm`geim`tl tmrritlrigc. I`stituail`ms plcåtiags pgrg alepgrtir mc pldmr 4) Tmegs kudiaigcms; Zmstgurgaiñ` l al`s al`slcidg lcidgaiñ` aiñ` dmc Mstgdl Mstgdl dm dmrmabl dmrmabl.. Kustiaig Kustiaig trg`siail`gc. =) Aleisil`ms dm cg vmrdgd Tmegs slaigcms; ^rlamsls ^rla msls slaigcms slaigcms dm pmrdñ` pmrdñ` y rmal`aici rmal`aicigaiñ gaiñ`. `. Hrupls Hrupls slaigcms slai gcms vuc`mrgjc vuc`mrgjcms. ms. Olem`tl Olem`tl gc rmsurhie rmsurhieim`tl im`tl y al`sl al`slcid cidga gaiñ` iñ` dm cg slaimd slaimdgd gd aivic. aivic. ?) Tmegs Tmegs eicitg eicitgrms rms;; Mstrgt Mst rgtmhi mhig g dm sm smhur huridg idgd d pgrg pgrg mc pls plst-a t-al` l`oci ociat atl. l. Lrhg` Lrh g`izg izgaiñ aiñ` ` dm cgs Oumrz Oumrzgs gs Gr Gregd egdgs gs y dm cg ^lciaå ^lciaåg. g. Hgstl eicitgr y plst-al`ociatl. 8) Tmegs i`tmr`gail`gcms; Zmaursls pgrg gplygr cg al`struaaiñ` dm pgz y mc plstal`ociatl al`o ciatl.. Ogaicitga Ogaicitgaiñ`, iñ`, emdigaiñ emdigaiñ` ` y vmrioiaga vmrioiagaiñ`. iñ`. Dmrmabl Dmrmabl I`tmr`gail`gc Bueg`itgril. (p. 79).