Lectura Elementos. Teorico 1

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc  Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

M`mjmftis

Lucemrfh``i cfmxi L`csm 3

Umxti mxtrcêei em` `hori

 Csstr i`i  C `iddê c W sh li`i `idd ê c y `is `is L uctr i M `mjmfti ftiss em \  \ttmpnm nmf f Cr C r r iyi

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  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

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 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

L`cshbhlclhüf em `is M`mjmftis Urcehlhifc`jmftm, c `isc` m`mjmftis smy `is ehvhehü mf yeis drupis, lifshemrãfeism bumdi clthvi cuti-mxprmshvi, c` cduc y c `c thmrrc, pcshvis, rmlmpthvis y cuti-rmprmshvis. Mstis eis drupis sif `is jhsjis qum `cs ehvhshifms oãshlcs em `c bh`isibêc lnhfc; yhf (cduc y thmrrc) y ycfd (chrm y bumdi). \if tcjohèf heèfthlis c` liflmpti drhmdi em `cs eis mxprmshifms em `c mfmrdêc; cpi`ifhcfc (bumdi y chrm, qum clthvc y lifslhmftmjmftm birjcf `c vhec) y ehifhshcfc (cduc y thmrrc, qum rmprmsmftcf `cs bumrzcs qum sm jcfhbhmstcf jãs hflifslhmftm m hfsthfthvcjmftm). Mstc ehbmrmflhclhüf ms em drcf hjpirtcflhc mf uf mfbiqum ni`êsthli em `is jcpcs fctc`ms, liji vmrmjis mf m` lcpêtu`i siorm hftmrprmtclhüf. Emoi rmlc`lcr cquê qum cnirc fis ilupcjis em `is prhflhphis oãshlis si`cjmftm y qum ufc rmbmrmflhc c cduc y thmrrc, pir mkmjp`i, liji "cuti-rmprmshvi" i "hflifslhmftm" em fhfdûf jiei hfehlc qum `cs  pmrsifcs luyis jcpcs tmfdcf juy clmftuceis mstis m`mjmfm`mjmf tis smcf fmlmscrhcjmftm `hjhtcecs mf lifilhjhmfti i pcrthlu`crjmftm jãs "rmprhjhecs" qum luc`msquhmrc itrcs. Mstis tèrjhfis sm rmbhmrmf jãs c` jiei em ipmrcr em mstcs mfmrdêcs y c` jètiei em cuti-rmc`hzclhüf qum c ufc dmfmrc`hzclhüf ms pmlêbhlc qum pumec cp`hlcrsm c` czcr c tiecs `cs pmrsifcs em lhmrtc lctmdirêc. Wir mkmjp`i, `is shdfis em cduc y thmrrc sif jãs cuti-rmprmshvis qum `is em bumdi y; chrm mf m` smfthei em qum vhvmf jãs emftri em sê jhsjis y fi sm pmrjhtmf priymltcr su mfmrdêc msmflhc` nclhc cbumrc shf oumfc lcfthece em lcutm`c y prmvhshüf. @is shdfis em bumdi y chrm sif jãs cutimxprmshvis, pumsti qum shmjprm "mstãf nclhmfei sc`hr", emrrcjcfei sus mfmrdêcs y sustcflhc vhtc` shf rmsmrvcs; `is shdfis em bumdi jmehcftm cllhüf ehrmltc, y `is em chrm jmehcftm hftmrcllhüf silhc` y mxprmshüf vmroc`.

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

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 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

Jcrl Mejufe Kifms, mf uf msbumrzi pir l`cshbhlcr `is m`mjmftis em jiei jiemrfi, qum fi sm mftmfehmrc jc` liji `is tèrjhfis jãs vhmkis em "pishthvi" y "fmdcthvi", mslrhohü qum m` chrm y m` bumdi sif mxprmshifms "jcfhpu`cthvcs y mxtmfshifc`ms" em `c mfmrdêc, jhmftrcs qum `c thmrrc y m` cduc sif "sustmftceircs y mxtmfshvcs". -@cs embhfhlhifms em Kifms smrêcf mxp`hlclhifms juy cpriphcecs em `is tèrjhfis drhmdis Cpi`ifhcfi y Ehifhshcfi. @is m`mjmftis bumdi y chrm tcjohèf sm lirrm`clhifcrif lif clthvhece y lif "`mvmece", pumsti qum m` chrm y m` bumdi thmfemf c mspcrlhrsm y m`mvcrsm, mxtmfehèfeism nclhc uf pmrêjmtri em` mspclhi. C `c thmrrc y c` cduc sm `is csilhü lif `c "drcvmece" y `c hfmrlhc pumsti qum mstis m`mjmftis thmfemf c mstc ocki `c hfb`umflhc em `c drcvmece y pir tcfti sm liflmftrcf y rmûfmf mf m` fhvm` jãs  ocki. Mstc l`cshbhlclhüf l`cshbhlclhü f em `is m`mjmftis m`mjmfti s y m` nmlni em e m qum `is shdfis em` jhsji m`mjmfti y em `is m`mjmftis em`- jhsji drupi sm lifshemrmf dmfmrc`jmftm "lijpctho`ms", ms em jãxhjc hjpirtcflhc fi sü`i mf `c hftmrprmtclhüf em `is jcpcs hfehvheuc`ms shfi tcjohèf mf m` crtm em `c lijpcrclhüf em jcpcs, em `i qum fis ilupcrmjis emspuès. Ucjohèf emom smóc`crsm qum mstis prhflhphis em "`mvmece", "drcvmece", mtl., emslrhomf uf b`uhr rmc` em `c mfmrdêc qum pumemf pmrlhohr`i `is  psêquhlcjmftm smfshthvis, i pir `i jmfis smfthr`i em jiei hfjmehcti luc`quhmrc qum sm rm`clhifm mstrmlncjmftm lif ufc  pmrsifc em crjifhzclhüf ehbmrmftm.

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

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 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

M` M`mjmfti Bumdi

M` m`mjmfti bumdi sm rmbhmrm c ufc mfmrdêc rcehcftm ufhvmrsc`/ ufc mfmrdêc qum ms mxlhtco`m, mftushcstc y qum, c trcvès em su `uz, cpirtc li`ir c` jufei. C mstm m`mjmfti L. D. Kufd `i lirrm`clhifü lif `c msmflhc ehfãjhlc em `c mfmrdêc  psêq  psêquhlc, uhlc, `c mfmrdêc qum b`uym mspiftãfmcjmftm em jiei hfsphrcei, cuti-jithvcei. Jcrl Merfufe Kifms mquhpcrc c` bumdi lif "`c mxpmrhmflhc lmftrcec mf `c hemfthece pmrsifc`", y msti mxp`hlc pir què `cs pmrsifcs lif `is shdfis em bumdi eijhfcftms mf sus jcpcs sif tcf cuti-liflmftrc cuti -liflmftrcecs ecs y ncohtuc`jmftm jãs ohmf hjpmrsifc`ms. \m lrmmf lcfc`ms em "vhec" y fi pumemf ilu`tcr bãlh`jmftm su irdu``i clmrlc em mstm nmlni.

@is shdfis em bumdi sif mkmjp`i em mspêrhtus m`mvceis, drcf bm mf sê jhsjis, mftushcsji, bumrzc shf bhf y nifrcemz ehrmltc. Fmlmshtcf julnc `homrtce c bhf em mxprmscrsm mxprmscr sm fcturc`jmftm, y pir `i lijûf sm csmdurcf msm mspclhi jmehcftm tmfcz hfshstmflhc mf su pufti em vhstc. @is shdfis em bumdi pumemf pu memf tcjohèf ehrhdhr su mfmrdêc lifslhmftmjmftm lifslhmftmjmftm (cufqum fi shmjprm lif linmrmflhc) linmrmfl hc) jmkir qum itris shdfis. \u vi`uftce vi `uftce em smr y em mxprmscrsm `hormjmftm ms jãs ohmf hfbcfth`ihem mf su shjp`hlhece, luc`hece qum c vmlms pcrmlm lcuthvcr c `is emjãs, pmri qum mf itrcs ilcshifms pcrmlm ibmfshvc  pcrc `is ` is jãs j ãs lcutis lcu tis y smfsho` smfs ho`ms. ms. @is @i s embmlti emb mltiss em `is shdfis em bumdi sm jcfhbhmstcf rcrcs vmlms liji rmsu`tcei rmsu`tc ei em jc`cs hftmflhifms, shfi jãs c jmfuei shjp`mjmftm c trcvès em bc`tc em liftri` pmrsifc` y smfshoh`hece smfshoh`hec e nclhc `is emjãs. Cpcrmlmf jãs ohmf liji tizueis, ncstc corujceirms mf ilcshifms, coc`cfzãfeism coc`cfzã feism siorm `cs liscs lif tc` cprmsurcjhmfti qum shf hftmflhüf lcuscf emstrullhüf i nhmrmf smfthjhmftis em `is emjãs.

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

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 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

@is shdfis em bumdi thmfemf c smr hjpclhmftms lif `cs  pmrsifcs  pmrsi fcs jãs smfsho`m smfs ho`mss i cjco`ms, cjco `ms, mspmlhc`j mspml hc`jmft mftm m `cs qum sif eijhfcftmjmftm cduc y thmrrc. @is shdfis em bumdi lrmmf qum m` cduc `i mxthfduhrã y `c thmrrc `i cnidcrã, y c jmfuei sm rmshmftmf pir m``i em, `c  pmscemz  pmsce mz y m` mjilhifc` mjilh ifc`hsji hsji em mstis ms tis shdfis. shdf is. @is shdfis em chrm, pir m` itri `cei, cpcftc``cf `cs ``cjcs em` bumdi sujhfhstrcfei fumvcs hemcs qum `c pmrsifc em` shdfi em bumdi pumec clthvcr. Wir mstc rczüf c` bumdi dmfmrc`jmftm sm `i lifshemrc lijpctho`m lif m` chrm, pmri emom smóc`crsm qum `is shdfis em bumdi sif lif brmlumflhc emjcshcei crehmftms m hjpclhmftms pcrc qum m` em`hlcei shstmjc fmrvhisi em `is shdfis em chrm `is ti`mrm `crdi thmjpi. Em nmlni, cufqum `is shdfis em bumdi c jmfuei smcf msthju`ceis pir `is shdfis em chrm, sm lcfscf y courrmf bãlh`jmftm lif iosmrvclhifms hftm`mltuc`ms qum pumecf rmprmsmftcrsm jãs ohmf rãphecjmftm. M` M`mjmfti Chrm M` m`mjmfti chrm ms `c mfmrdêc vhtc` qum sm csilhü lif `c rmsphrclhüf y lif `i qum `is yidhs emfijhfcf "prcfc". M` rmhfi em` chrm ms m` jufei em `cs hemcs crqumtêphlcs emtrãs em` vm`i em` jufei bêshli, `c mfmrdêc lüsjhlc liflrmtcec emftri em `cs pcutcs mspmlêbhlcs em` qum pmfscjhmfti. lif `êrhlcs dmijètrhlcs em bumrzc, buflhifcf\m c csilhc trcvès em `c jmftm, `c mfmrdêc qum jiem`c `cs pcutcs em `cs liscs vmfhemrcs. Jhmftrcs `is shdfis em bumdi sm hftmrmscf pir qumrmr qum c`di smc, `is shdfis em chrm mfbilcf su mfmrdêc mf hemcs mspmlêbhlcs qum cûf fi sm jctmrhc`hzcrif, y liflmftrãfeism mf mstcs hemcs- csmdurcf qum c su thmjpi sm jctmrhc`hlmf. Em c``ê qum, cufqum c `is shdfis em chrm c jmfuei sm `is clusm em sióceirms shf prclthlhece, rmprmsmftcf uf pcpm` mf `c liflrmlhüf em `c lrmclhüf mf m` jãs cjp`hi fhvm` silhc`, sus pumemf c su thmjpi mftrcr mf liftclti lif `cspums vhecs emhemcs jh``ifms em pmrsifcs.

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

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 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

Jcrl M. Kijhs mslrhom qum `is shdfis em chrm sm ilupcf em "`c mxpmrhmflhc mf su hftmrès pir `cs rm`clhifms tmürhlcs". M` èfbcshs siorm `c tmirêc y siorm `is liflmptis em `c vhec pir  pcrtm em `cs pmrsifcs pmrsi fcs em shdfi shdf i em chrm lifeulm life ulm c qum mflumftrmf m` jiei jãs lijpctho`m em mxprmshüf mf m` chrm, mf `cs pc`corcs y m` pmfscjhmfti costrclti. @is shdfis em chrm thmfmf `c cpthtue em emscpmdcrsm em `c mxpmrhmflhc hfjmehctc em `c vhec ehcrhc, pmrjhthèfeism csê iotmfmr iokmthvhece, pmrspmlthvc y uf mfbiqum rclhifc` em tiei `i qum nclmf. Mstm emscpmdi tcjohèf `ms pmrjhtm trcockcr lif mbhlclhc lif tiec l`csm em pmrsifcs, pums fi lrmmf fmlmscrhi lijprijmtmrsm julni lif `cs prmilupclhifms i mjilhifms em `cs emjãs pmrsifcs. @is shdfis em chrm sif, em nmlni, `is jãs silhco`ms em tieis mf m` smfthei em qum  pume mf cprmlhcr  pumemf cprmlh cr iokmthvc iokm thvcjmft jmftm m `is pmfscjh pmf scjhmfti mftiss em itrcs  pmrsifcs  pmrsi fcs shf mftrcr mftr cr c lifshemr lifs hemrcr cr sh mstãf em clumrei clumr ei lif m``cs. Fcturc`jmftm, sh `is shdfis em chrm sm ilupcf mf emjcsêc em sus hemc`ms costrcltis y tmirêcs, pumemf emsmquh`horcrsm jmftc`jmftm y mftrmdcrsm c tiec l`csm em mxlmftrhlhece y bcfcthsji. C jmfuei lcrmlmf em mjilhüf  pribufec  pribu fec y em clmptclhü clmp tclhüf f em `cs `hjhtclhi `hjh tclhifms fms em` lumrpi lumr pi bêshli. Wumemf siormvc`ircr `c lijpmtmflhc hftm`mltuc` y rmnuscr mfbrmftcr m` nmlni em qum `cs hemcs emomf smr  pumstcs  pums tcs c prumoc pru moc pcrc emtmrjhfc emtmr jhfcrr sh buflhifcf, cftms em qum  pumec ctrhouêrsm`ms drcf vc`ir. M` pmfscjhmfti ms ufc bumrzc tcf eijhfcftm mf `cs vhecs em `is shdfis em chrm qum sif jãs bãlh`jmftm cjmfczceis sh sm hdfirc sus iphfhifms i emsclrmehtc `c lc`hece em su hftm`mlti y  pir supumsti, `is shdfis em cduc y thmrrc sif `is qum jãs prioco`mjmftm emsvc`irhzcf `cs hemcs em `is shdfis em chrm, pums mscs hemcs  pir `i lijûf fi rmshstmf `c prumoc em nifeurc nif eurc mjilhifc` y  prclthlhece siorm `cs qum cduc y thmrrc hf hfshstmf. shstmf. Wir su pcrtm, `is shdfis em chrm fi quhmrmf smr lifbhfceis pir `cs `hjhtclhifms em `c thmrrc, fh emsmcf qum su `mvm `homrtce sm scturm em smfthjhmftis y rmsmrvcs em `is shdfis em cduc. @is shdfis em bumdi, pir m` itri `cei, msthju`cf c `is em chrm nclhc

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

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 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

jãs `homrtce em mxprmshüf y ecf c `is em chrm uf smfthei em lifbhcfzc y bumrzc qum fi pumemf nc``cr mf fcehm jãs. Cufqum `is shdfis em chrm cejhrcf c `is em bumdi em julnis jieis, hfshstmf cûf mf su emrmlni c pmfscr `cs liscs cftms em lijprijmtmrsm, nãohti qum pumem tirfcrsm lcec vmz jãs bcsthehisi pcrc `is shdfis em bumdi. M` M`mjmfti Cduc

@is qum thmfmf m` m`mjmfti cduc bumrtmjmftm clthvcei mf sus jcpcs cevhmrtmf emsem m` fclhjhmfti qum vcrhis bcltirms hftcfdho`ms rmprmsmftcf uf pcpm` jcyir mf `c vhec em `i qum lijûfjmftm sm lrmm. @is shdfis em cduc mstãf mf liftclti lif sus smfthjhmftis, crjifhzceis lif `is jcthlms y `cs suth`mzcs qum julnis itris fh shquhmrc cevhmrtmf. M` m`mjmfti cduc rmprmsmftc m` rmhfi em `c mjilhüf pribufec y em `cs rms pumstcs smfthjmftc`ms, smft hjmftc`ms, cocrlcfei emsem pcshifms pcsh ifms lijpu`sh li jpu`shvcs vcs ncstc jhmeis corujceirms, y ufc clmptclhüf y uf cjir ijfh -cocrlcftms em `c lrmclhüf. Wumsti qum `is smfthjhmftis, pir su fcturc`mzc jhsjc, sif pcrlhc`jmftm hflifslhmftms, `is shdfis em cduc mstãf shju`tãfmcjmftm c` tcfti em` piemr em `c jmftm hflifslhmftm y m``is jhsjis sif hflifslhmftms em julni em `i qum rmc`jmftm `is jithvc. Lucfei mstãf crjifhzcecs lif `cs ehjmfshifms jãs pribufecs em `c vhec lif  p`mfc lifslhmflhc, lifslhm flhc, sif `is shdfis jãs hftuhthvis hftuhthvi s y psêquhlc psêquhlc-jmftm smfshthvis. Mf msm lcsi, `is shdfis em cduc mstãf mf liftclti lif `c ufhece em tiec `c lrmclhüf y sif lcpclms em cyuecr c `is emjãs pir jmehi em ufc smfshoh`hece mjpãthlc nclhc `is smfthjhmftis smfthjhmft is em `is smjmkcftms. \hf mjocrdi, mjocrdi , lucfei, fi mstãf p`mfcjmftm c` tcfti em sus priphis smfthjhmftis, sm mflumftrcf clulhceis pir emsmis lijpu`shvis, jhmeis hrrclhifc`ms y drcf supmrsmfshoh`hece cftm `c jãs `mvm cjmfczc.

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

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 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

@is shdfis em cduc, liji `c fcturc`mzc em` cduc jhsjc, fi thmfmf si`hemz i birjc priphc. Wir m``i sif jãs bm`hlms lucfei su b`uhemz sm mflcuzc y rmlhom birjc em itri, pcrthlu`crjmftm em `is shdfis em thmrrc qum thmfmf `c si`hemz mf `c qum m` cduc pumem lifbhcr y cpiycrsm. @is shdfis em cduc thmfemf c fi dustcr em `is kcltcflhisis i em `cs pmrsifc`hecems bumrtms, liji `is shdfis em chrm y bumdi. \m shmftmf juy lüjieis lif quhmfms smcf jãs ohmf rmsmrvceis y rmprhjheis, `i luc` `ms orhfec ufc jcyir smfsclhüf em pritmllhüf y smdurhece. Mstc luc`hece rmsmrvcec em `is shdfis em cduc, em  pcsi, ms jãs ohmf mfdcóisc1 pums, cufqum mstèf lc`jis pir bumrc, lifstcftmjmftm ncy tirjmftcs qum sm prmpcrcf mf fhvm`ms jãs nifeis y ilu`tcs fcpcs qum pumemf crrcstrcr`is ncnc lhc cocki. Em nmlni, `is shdfis em cduc pumemf smr c vmlms smfsclhifc`hstcs, pums hflifslhmftmjmftm lu`thvcf tirjmftcs y cdhtclhifms mjilhifc`ms sh sus vhecs sm vum`vmf emjcshcei jifütifcs. @c smfshoh`hece em `is shdfis em cduc ms tcf drcfem y tcf  prifuflhcec  prifuflhce c su vu`fmrcoh`hece vu`fmrcoh` hece qum, sh `cs rmcllhifms rmcllh ifms mjilhifc`ms fi sm liftri`cf y mflcuzcf cpriphcecjmftm, msi pumem ``mdcr c uf mstcei em hfmstcoh`hece mjilhifc` y ufc prmehspishlhüf c smr emjcshcei bãlh`jmftm hfb`uheis pir m` jãs `mvm vhmfti qum sip`m. @c smfshoh`hece smfshoh`hece em `is shdfis em cduc fi em em- om lifshemrcrsm emoh`hece shf mjocrdi, pums m` cduc thmfm drcf bumrzc y  piemr pmfmtrcftm eurcftm uf `crdi pmrêiei, ms ms- pmlhc`jmftm lucfei sm mflcuzc em jiei liflmftrcei. ]f nmrjisi mkmjp`i em `c pitmflhc em mstm m`mjmfti `i mxprmsc uf mruehti lnhfi em` shd`i ^H;

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

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 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

" Em tieis `is m`mjmftis, m` \cohi emom lifshemrcr c` cduc liji su prmlmptir. M` Cduc lmem pmri `i vmflm tiei. M` Cduc mxthfdum c` Bumdi i, nc``ãfeism c pufti em smr emrritcec, nuym liji vcpir y sm rmbirjc. M` Cduc `cvc c `c Uhmrrc o`cfec i, c` mfbrmftcr c `cs rilcs, prilurc ecr uf dhri... \cturc `c ctjüsbmrc pcrc qum m` Rhmfti jumrc. M` Cduc lmem cftm `is iostãlu`is lif mfdcóisc nujh`ece, pums fhfdûf  piemr pumem hjpmehr`m qum shdc m` ems thfi qum sm pripusi nclhc m` jcr. M` Cduc vmflm lmehmfei1 fuflc ctclc, pmri  dcfc  dcf c shmjprm shmj prm `c û`thjc û`th jc octc``c octc ``c." ." (em Unm Tnmm` ib @hbm, @hbm,  pãd. 4>, 4 >, em Kinf O`ibm`e). O`ib m`e).

Wir û`thji, m` m`mjmfti cduc lirrmspifem c` prilmsi em dcfcr lifslhmflhc c trcvès em ufc lijprmfshüf `mftc pmri smdurc em `is jãs nifeis cfnm`is em` c`jc. @is shdfis em cduc lifilmf hfsthfthvcjmftm qum emomf pritmdmrsm em hfb`umflhcs mxtmrfcs c bhf em csmdurcrsm `c lc`jc hftmrhir fmlmscrhc pcrc `c rmb`mxhüf pribufec y `c suth`mzc em `c  pmrlmplhüf  pmrlmp lhüf.. @c lij lijprmf prmfshüf shüf em `c fcturc`mzc fctu rc`mzc vmrecemrc vmre cemrc em sus mjilhifms y cfnm`is ms uf prilmsi `mfti y c jmfuei ei`irisi, pmri mf `c jmehec mf qum quhmrcf mfbrmftcr sus vmrecemrcs jithvclhifms, thmfmf `c smdurhece em clrmlmftcr m` liftmfti hftmrhir lif m` lursi em `is cóis.

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

37

 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

M` M`mjmfti Uhmrrc

]fc crjifhzclhüf em mstm m`mjmfti hfehlc qum m` hfehvheui mstã mf liftclti lif `is smftheis bêshlis y `c rmc`hece em cquê y cnirc em` jufei jctmrhc`. @is shdfis em thmrrc thmfemf c lifbhcr jãs mf sus smftheis y su rczüf prãlthlc qum mf `cs hfsphrclhifms, lifshemrclhifms tmürhlcs i hftuhlhifms em `is emjãs shdfis. Mstãf crjifhzceis lif m` jufei em `cs "birjcs" qum `is smftheis y `c jmftm prãlthlc lifshemrcf liji rmc`ms, y su lijprmfshüf hffctc em lüji m` jufei jctmrhc` buflhifc ec c `is shdfis em thmrrc jãs  pclhmflhc  pclhm flhc y cutiehslh cuti ehslhp`hf p`hfc c qum `is emjãs emjã s shdfis. shdf is. _crcs vmlms ncy qum emlhems lüji cemlucrsm c` jufei em dcfcrsm `c vhec, privmmr c `cs fmlmshecems oãshlcs y  pmrshsthr  pmrsh sthr ncstc ncst c c`lcfzcr c` lcfzcr ufc jmtc. jmtc . Uiecs Ui ecs mstcs ms tcs luc`hece luc` hecems ms `m `m ``mdcf fcturc`jmftm c `is em` m`mjmfti thmrrc. Cufqum m` m`mjmfti thmrrc ms ufi em `is m`mjmftis pcshvis i "rmlmpthvis", mstm m`mjmfti, liji m` cduc, thmfm bumrzc em rmshstmflhc y pmrshstmflhc qum pmrjhtm qum `is shdfis em thmrrc shmjprm tmfdcf luhecei em sê jhsjis. Cufqum fi smcf pcrthlu`crjmftm cbhrjcthvis, sm jcfhbhmstcf lucfei "`i em m``is" mstã mf pm`hdri i mstã cjmfczcec su smdurhece. X emohei c su mbhlhmflhc, sif cptis fi sü`i pcrc jcfhbmstcrsm shfi tcjohèf pcrc cltucr em jieis jãs ohmf liflrmtis pcrc csmdurcrsm em qum cqum``i pir `i luc` trcockcrif fi sm `is quhtmf. M` m`mjmfti thmrrc thmfem c smr lcuti, prmjmehtcei, jãs ohmf lifvmflhifc`, m hfsü`htcjmftm lifbhco`m. Wir `i dmfmrc`, sif rmlm`isis i euohtcthvis rmspmlti em pmrsifcs jãs vhvclms

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

33

 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

i jmftc`jmftm ãdh`ms, y rmcllhifcf cftm `is shdfis em chrm lif c`dûf drcei em rmsmrvc, cufqum èstis c`di `is bcslhfmf.  Fi iost i ostcftm, cftm, lrmmf l rmmf qum `is shdfis shdf is em e m chrm sm vcf vc f pir pi r `cs fuoms, kudcfei hfbcfth`jmftm hfbcfth`jmftm lif msqumjcs qum fi sif  prãlthlis  prãlt hlis fh buflhi bu flhifc`ms fc`ms.. Lrmmf Lrmm f qum qu m `is shdfis shdf is em e m bumdi bum di qumjcrãf `c thmrrc, c`oiritcfei c`oiritcfei `c vhec lif emjcshcec  prhsc y vhi`mf vh i`mflhc lhc liji l iji pcrc p crc lifbhcr li fbhcr mf m``is. m` `is. @is shdfis shdf is em em cduc, pir m` itri `cei, lijpcrtmf sus luc`hecems em cequhshthvhece, cequhshthvhec e, rmtmfthvhece y cuti-pritmlthvhece. cuti-pritmlthvhece. Wir m``i `c thmrrc lrmm qum m` cduc `c rmbrmslcrã y `m pmrjhthrã ecr c `uz jãs prieulthvhece cûf. @c crjifhzclhüf jhsjc qum c `is shdfis em thmrrc `ms sujhfhstrc su piemr y sus cpthtuems mspmlhc`ms pumem smr tcjohèf `c bumftm em sus jãxhjis embmltis. M` lijprijmtmrsm lif m` jufei prãlthli pumem `hjhtcrc jmfuei su hjcdhfclhüf sh lifbêcf emjcshcei mf `cs liscs liji sif i pcrmlmf smr. Msti pumem ``mvcr c ufc  pmrspmlthv  pmrsp mlthvc c mstrmln mst rmlnc, c, c ufc u fc cbhlhü cb hlhüf f c `c ` c ruthfc ruth fc y c` iremf, ir emf, y c ufc bc`tc titc` em cpthtue pcrc ilupcrsm em `is rmhfis costrcltis y tmürhlis em `c clthvhece. Jãs qum fcec jãs, `is shdfis em thmrrc fmlmshtcf brcfqumcrsm c `c rmc`hece em` jufei hfvhsho`m y lijprijmtmrsm mf hemc`ms mspmlêbhlis liji duêcs em su clthvhece.

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

3?

 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

@I\ M@MJMFUI\ MF @C HFUM_W_MUCLHIF

@c hftmrprmtclhüf em `is jcpcs cstri`üdhlis hfvhstm uf shdfhbhlcei fumvi y jãs pribufei lucfei m` èfbcshs sm  pifm  pif m siorm sior m `is m`mjmfti m`mjm ftis1 s1 pums em mstm jiei trctcjis trct cjis `cs mfmrdêcs mspmlêbhlcs em `c vhec mf buflhifcjhmfti mf vmz em liflmftrcjis sü`i mf `cs jcfhbmstclhifms em mstcs mfmrdêcs mf `c lifeultc mxtmrfc y `cs lcrcltmrêsthlcs em `c  pmrsifc`h  pmrsi fc`hece. ece. Liji yc `i mxprmsãrc mxpr msãrcjis, jis, tiei tie i hfehvheu hfeh vheui i mstã lijpumsti, pir emlhei csê, em `is luctri m`mjmftis. ]f smr nujcfi fi pumem mxhsthr sh `m bc`tc shquhmrc ufi em `is m`mjmftis, pums mftiflms lcrmlmrêc titc`jmftm em `c buflhüf em msc mfmrdêc tcfti pshli`üdhlc liji bêshlcjmftm. \hf mjocrdi, `is m`mjmftis qum jãs rmlc`lcf mf uf jcpc fctc` `c uohlclhüf p`cfmtcrhc y m` m`mjmfti em` Cslmfemftm hfehlcf `cs mfmrdêcs y luc`hecems prhflhpc`ms lif `c qum ufi mstã crjifhzcei lifslhmftmjmftm.   Uc`ms m`mjmftis eijhfcftms jumstrcf qum ustme mstã "mf liftclti lif" y,  pir m``i, què mfmrdêcs mfmrd êcs ms lcpcz em uth`hzcr uth`h zcr jãs ohmf bãlh`jmftm mf su vhec lithehcfc, `i jhsji qum mf què rmhfis em `c mxpmrhmflhc pierã pcrthlhpcr fcturc` y mspiftãfmcjmftm. @is m`mjmftis qum lcrmlmf em èfbcshs mf m` jcpc hfehlcf rmhfis mspmlêbhlis em `c. clthvhece vhtc` lif y em c``ê `is ufi fi mstã lifslhmftmjmftm mf liftclti, qum qum mstis m`mjmftis rmvm`mf ufc crjifhzclhüf qum emomrã lu`thvcrsm y emscrri``crsm lifslhmftmjmftm c bhf em  prilurcr  prilu rcr c` hfehvhe hfe hvheui ui `c pcrthlhpclh pcrth lhpclhüf üf jêfhjc jêfh jc mf msm lcjpi em `c mxpmrhmflhc mxhdhec pcrc ufc vhec p`mfc y lcoc`. \m pumem cprmfemr julni em ufc pmrsifc cfc`hzcfei cfc`hzc fei shjp`mjmftm tiei emsmquh`horhi jcrlcei em `is m`mjmftis mf

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

3<

 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

m` jcpc em msm hfehvheui. Ms juy lijûf nc``cr em mstm jiei uf pcrthlu`cr prio`mjc em `c vhec qum lifbufehü c msc  pmrsifc (yc smc sm c lifslhmftm lifslh mftm i hflifslhm h flifslhmftmjmftm ftmjmftm)) c `i `crdi `crd i em su vhec, y `c hflrmjmftcec lifslhmflhc em su emsmquh`horhi hffcti pierã cyuecr`m cprmlhco`mjmftm c lu`thvcr uf liftclti jãs shdfhbhlcthvi lif ãrmcs em mxpmrhmflhc qum cftms `m bumrcf ckmfcs. Fcturc`jmftm, ufi fi  pierã lcjohcr lc johcr su s u priphc priph c crjifhzclh cr jifhzclhüf üf shjp`mjmftm shjp` mjmftm c trcvès em` cfã`hshs y `c ehslushüf em` prio`mjc, pmri pierã mjpmzcr c ecrsm lumftc jãs p`mfcjmftm em` nmlni em qum ncy lcjpis em clthvhece y thpis em pmrsifcs qum qu m pumemf mfsmócr c` hfehvheui c`di qum èstm fmlmshtc vhtc`jmftm. Em jiei  pcrmlhei, quhmfms thmfmf uf u f èfbcshs èf bcshs mxlmshvi mxl mshvi siorm s iorm uf m`mjmfti pcrthlu`cr em` jcpc fctc` thmfemf c siormvc`ircr msm rmhfi em `c mxpmrhmflhc, mf emtrhjmfti em su  pitmflhc`hece  pitmflhc`h ece rmspmlti rmsp mlti c `c titc`hece. titc`hece . C` cfc`hzcr cfc` hzcr uf jcpc mf tèrjhfis em` mquh`horhi em `is m`mjmftis, m` m`mjmfti jãs eijhfcftm ms ncohtuc`jmftm -pmri fi shmjprmshmjprm - m` em` shdfi em` \i`. \mdufeis mf hjpirtcflhc mstãf `is m`mjmftis em .`c @ufc, Cslmfemftm y Jcrtm. X pir û`thji, `is m`mjmftis em Rmfus y Jmrlurhi, smduheis mf iremf em hjpirtcflhc pir Kûphtmr y \cturfi. @is m`mjmftis em ]rcfi, Fmptufi y W`utüf thmfmf piquêshji mf lijûf lif `c crjifhzclhüf lifstcftm em` hfehvheui, cufqum hfehlcf lhmrtcjmftm lhmr tcjmftm bcltirms hflifslhmftms qum jithvcf `c dmfmrclhüf titc` em `cs  pmrsifc s c `cs qum msm hfehvheui  pmrsifcs hfehvhe ui pmrtmfmlm. pmrtm fmlm. \hf mjocrdi, mjocrdi , rmspmlti c tieis `is bhfms prãlthlis, `is m`mjmftis hfehlceis  pir `c uohlclhü u ohlclhüf f em `is p`cfmtcs trcfstr cfs-scturfh scturfhcfis cfis emomf em omf ems`hfecrsm mf tc` mvc`uclhüf. Emoi cócehr qum m` m`mjmfti m`m jmfti em` p`cfmtc qum rhdm c` Cslmfemftm, `i jhsji qum m` m`mjmfti em` rmdmftm em` shdfi em` \i`, rmlhom èfbcshs lijlij  p`mjmftcrhi,  p`mjmftcr hi, c jmfis jm fis qum qu m m` p`cfmtc p`cfm tc rmdmftm smc ]rcfi, ]r cfi,  Fmptufi  Fmptuf i i W`utüf. W`ut üf. \h ufi u fi thmfm, pir mkmjp`i, mkmj p`i, c Mslirphi Ms lirphi cslmfemftm, m` m`mjmfti em Jcrtm rmlhohrêc jãs èfbcshs, pmri fi m` em W`utüf, li-rmdmftm em Mslirphi. @c uohlclhüf m`mjmftc` em` rmdmftm em` Cslmfemftm mf pcrthlu`cr ms em

 

  Lcsc ^H Meulclhüf c ehstcflhc

35

 Jüeu`i HHH M`mjmftis M`mjmftis

hjpirtcflhc tc` y thmfm tc` piemr em crjifhzclhüf mf `c vhec em` hfehvheui qum ufi emom shmjprm lifshemrcr c msm m`mjmfti liji bumrtmjmftm clmftucei. Wir mkmjp`i, c`duhmf lif @horc cslmfemftm y lif Rmfus mf Lãflmr, pmri shf itris  p`cfmtcs mf m f `is shdfis s hdfis em cduc, smrêc bumrtmjm b umrtmjmftm ftm hfb`uhei hfb`uhe i  pir -y mxprmscrêc mxprmsc rêc cohmrtcjmftm cohmr tcjmftm julncs j ulncs luc`hecems em- `cs luc`hecems csilhcecs lif m`mjmfti cduc. Mf itrcs pc`corcs, pc`corcs, tc` pmrsifc smrêc vhdiriscjmftm jithvcec pir fmlmshecems mjilhifc`ms, pir m` hjpu`si em mxprmscr smfthjhmftis y cbmltis smfthjmftc`ms, y pir `c fcturc`mzc shjpãthlc em Lãflmr. Msti smrêc lhmrti cûf sh m` \i` y `c @ufc, `i jhsji qum m` Cslmfemftm, mstãf mf `is shdfis em chrm. @c liflmftrclhüf siorm m` m`mjmfti em` rmdmftm em` Cslmfemftm Cs lmfemftm nclm qum m` pribmshifc` tmfdc lifilhjhmfti em ufi em `is  prhjireh c`ms hjpu`sis  prhjirehc`ms hjp u`sis jithvceirms jithvce irms em` hfehvheu h fehvheui, i, lifi lhjhmfti qum bãlh`jmftm pierêc pmremrsm sh ufi jmrcjmftm sujc `c lcfthece em p`cfmtcs em lcec m`mjmfti y `ms ec hduc`  pm