Lectura 6

 

@hef`p`he` e ustgj bmujegrb b uib tegijb b m`lprbr pgh`tbs jg tgies, pr`nbnhglgitg m`lprbrìb uib jg hbs sefuegitgs mubtr` lbrmbs1 Vehs`i, _gii, Juih`p ` ]pbhjeif. Gstbs lbrmbs cbnrembi mbse t`jbs hbs pgh`tbs jg tgies qug sg vgijgi gi Gstbj`s Wiej`s. Gi m`iauit`, jgtgrleibi hb mbitejbj jg pgh`tbs jg tgies pr`jumejbs y, jbjb hb murvb jg jglbijb jgh lgrmbj`, gh prgme` bh qug hbs vgijgrâi. Gh lgrmbj` jg hbs pgh`tbs jg tgies gs ui gaglph` jg ui `hef`p`he`. Hb gsgimeb jg ui lgrmbj` `hef`pýhem` gs qug dby luy p`m`s vgijgj`rgs. M`l` rgsuhtbj`, hbs bmme`igs jg mubhquegrb jg h`s vgijgj`rgs gi gh lgrmbj` pugjgi tgigr ui frbi elpbmt` gi h`s ngigceme`s jg h`s `tr`s vgijgj`rgs. Hbs glprgsbs `hef`pýhembs s`i eitgrjgpgijegitgs jg uib c`rlb gi qug hbs glprgsbs m`lpgtetevbs i` h` s`i. Iugstr` `nagtev` gi gstg mbpìtuh` gs gitgijgr mýl` gstb eitgrjgpgijgimeb eichuyg gi hb m`ijumtb jg hbs glprgsbs y quå pr`nhglbs phbitgb pbrb hb p`hìtemb pñnhemb.

26

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@hef`p`he` Gstrumturb jg lgrmbj` gi hb mubh sýh` ui`s vgijgj`rgs `crgmgi pr`jumt`s selehbrgs ` ejåitem`s.

www rggHenr`s `rf =:5

=7?

_B^ZG S 

M@IJWMZB JG HB GL_^G]B U @^FBIEQBMEÝI EIJW]Z^EBH

 

Zg`rìb jg augf`s Gstuje` jg mýl` sg m`lp`rtbi hbs pgrs`ibs gi setubme`igs gstrbtåfembs.

Gh biâheses jg ui `hef`p`he` nreijb hb `p`rtuiejbj jg eitr`jumer hb tg`rìb jg gs jgmer, gh gstuje` jg mýl` sg m`lp`rtbi hbs pgrs`ibs gi setubme`igs gstrbtåfembs. _`r ‘gstrbtåfemb“ gitgijgl`s uib setubmeýi gi hb mubh uib pgrs`ib, bh ghgfer gitrg l`j`s jg bmtubr bhtgri`s, jgng t`lbr gi m`isejgrbmeýi mýl` p`jrìbi rgsp`ijgr `tr`s b hbs bmme`igs qug glprgijb. Gh pgisblegit` gstrbtåfem` gs mrumebh i` sýh` pbrb aufbr bagjrgz, jblbs ` trgs gi hìigb, sei` tblneåi pbrb t`lbr lumdbs jgmese`igs jg igf`me`s. Jgnej` b qug h`s lgrmbj`s `hef`pýhem`s sýh` tegigi uib mbitejbj pgqugòb jg glprgsbs, mbjb uib jg ghhbs jgng bmtubr gstrbtåfemblgitg. Mbjb glprgsb sbng qug sus ngigceme`s jgpgijgi i` sýh` jg muâit` pr`jumg, sei` tblneåi augf`s;

jg muâit` pr`jumgi glprgsbs. Bht`lbr t`lbrgi hb jgmeseýi s`nrg mýl` muâit`supr`jumer, mbjb glprgsb jgitr`hbs jgjglâs ui `hef`p`he` jgng m`isejgrbmeýi jgmeseýi pugjg bcgmtbr hbs jgmese`igs jg pr`jummeýi jg t`jbs hbs jglâs glprgsbs. Hb tg`rìb jg augf`s i` gs igmgsbreb pbrb gitgijgr h`s lgrmbj`s m`lpgtetev`s y l`i`pýhem`s. Gi ui lgrmbj` jg m`lpgtgimeb pgrcgmtb ` m`lpgtgimeb l`i`p`hìstemb, mbjb glprgsb gs tbi pgqugòb, m`lpbrbjb m`i gh lgrmbj`, qug hbs eitgrbmme`igs gstrbtåfembs m`i `trbs glprgsbs i` s`i elp`rtbitgs. Gi ui lgrmbj` l`i`pýhem` i` dby eitgrbmme`igs gstrbtåfembs, p`rqug gh lgrmbj` mugitb m`i uib s`hb glprgsb. ]ei glnbrf`, m`l` vgrgl`s, hb tg`rìb jg augf`s gs ñteh pbrb gitgijgr h`s `hef`p`he`s y lumdbs `trbs setubme`igs gi hbs qug ui iñlgr` pgqugò` jg pbrtemepbitgs eitgrbmme`ibi. Hb tg`rìb jg augf`s servg pbrb gxphembr hbs gstrbtgfebs qug hbs pgrs`ibs ghefgi, yb sgb pbrb aufbr tgies ` pbrb vgijgr pgh`tbs jg tgies.

Lgrmbj`s m`i p`m`s vgijgj`rgs Jgnej` b qug ui lgrmbj` `hef`pýhem` tegig sýh` ui iñlgr` pgqugò` jg vgijgj`rgs, uib mbrbmtgrìstemb cuijblgitbh jgh `hef`p`he` gs hb tgiseýi gitrg hb m``pgrbmeýi y gh eitgrås pr`pe`. Gh frup` jg glprgsbs `hef`pýhembs sg ngigcemeb se m``pgrb y bmtñb m`l` ui l`i`p`he`, gs jgmer, se pr`jumg uib pgqugòb mbitejbj jg pr`jumt` y gstb nhgmg ui prgme` p`r gimelb jgh m`st` lbrfeibh. _gr` m`l` mbjb glprgsb `hef`pýhemb sg prg`mupb sýh` p`r su pr`pe` ngigceme`, gxestgi cugrtgs eimgitev`s gi bmmeýi qug jecemuhtbi qug gh m`iauit` jg glprgsbs lbitgifb gh rgsuhtbj` `ntgiej` gi m``pgrbmeýi.

Wi gaglph` jg ju`p`he` _brb gitgijgr hb m`ijumtb jg h`s `hef`p`he`s, m`isejgrg ui `hef`p`he` m`i j`s legl nr`s, hhblbj` ju`p`he`. Wi ju`p`he` gs gh tep` lâs selphg jg `hef`p`he`. H`s `hef`p`he`s m`i trgs ` lâs leglnr`s gicrgitbi h`s lesl`s pr`nhglbs qug ui ju`p`he`, bsì qug i` pgrjgl`s lumd` glpgzbij` m`i gh mbs` lâs selphg. Elbfeig ui pugnh` gi gh qug sýh` j`s dbnetbitgs (Abmk y Aehh) s`i jugò`s jg h`s p`z`s qug pr`jumgi bfub p`tbnhg. Mbjb sânbj` ghh`s jgmejgi muâit`s fbh`igs jg bfub n`lngbr, hhgvbi gh bfub bh pugnh` y hb vgijgi bh prgme` qug gh lgrmbj` s`p`rtg. _brb selphecembr, sup`ifb qug Abmk y Aehh pugjgi n`lngbr tbitb bfub m`l` quegrbi sei m`st`. Gst` sefiecemb qug gh m`st` lbrfeibh jgh bfub gs efubh b mgr`. Hb tbnhb 2 lugstrb hb jglbijb jg bfub. Hb prelgrb m`hulib lugstrb hb mbitejbj t`tbh jglbijbjb y hb sgfuijb gh prgme`. ]e h`s j`s jugò`s jg h`s p`z`s vgijgi ui t`tbh jg 2? fbh`igs jg bfub, gh prgme` jg mbjb fbhýi sgrìb jg $22?. ]e vgijgi ui t`tbh jg >? fbh`igs, gh prgme` jesleiuerìb b $2?? p`r fbhýi, y bsì sumgsevblgitg. ]e rgprgsgitârbl`s frâcemblgitg gstbs j`s m`hulibs jg mecrbs, `ntgijrìbl`s uib murvb jg jglbijb i`rlbh m`i pgijegitg igfbtevb. ñhtelb hb tbnhbluhtephembjb 2 lugstrb ghp`r eifrgs` t`tbh jg hb vgitb jg bfub, qug gs Hb efubh b hb m`hulib mbitejbj jg vgijejb gh prgme`. Jgnej` b qug n`lngbr bfub i` tegig ieifñi m`st`, gh eifrgs` t`tbh jg h`s j`s pr`jumt`rgs gs efubh bh t`tbh jg sus ngigceme`s.

www rggHenr`s `rf

MB_ÌZWH@ 26

@HEF@_@HE@

=72

 

    Mbitejbj

? fbh`igs   2?   >?   =?   :?   7?   3?   6?   4?   5? 2?? 22? 2>?

_rgme`

$2>? 22? 2?? 5? 4? 6? 3? 7? :? =? >? 2? ?

Eifrgs` t`tbh (y ngigceme`s t`tbhgs)

$

? 22?? >??? >6?? =>??

Zbnhb

2

Zbnhb jg hb jglbijb jg bfub

=7?? =3?? =7?? =>?? >6?? >??? 22?? ?

Bd`rb m`isejgrg mýl` hb `rfbiezbmeýi jg hb eijustreb jgh bfub jgh pugnh` bcgmtb gh prgme` y hb mbitejbj jg bfub vgijejb.

M`lpgtgimeb, l`i`p`he`s y mârtghgs Bitgs jg m`isejgrbr gh prgme` y hb mbitejbj jg bfub qug rgsuhtbrìbi jgh ju`p`he` jg  Abmk y Aehh, bibhemgl`s nrgvglgitg nrgvglgitg muâh sgrìb gh rgsuhtbj` se gh lgrmbj` jgh bfub cugrb pgrcgmtblgitg m`lpgtetev` ` l`i`p`hìstem`. Gst`s j`s mbs`s gxtrgl`s s`i rgcgrgimebs ibturbhgs. ]e gh lgrmbj` jgh bfub cugrb pgrcgmtblgitg m`lpgtetev`, hbs jgmese`igs jg pr`jummeýi jg mbjb glprgsb pr`v`mbrìbi qug gh prgme` cugrb efubh bh m`st` lbrfeibh. Jgnej` b qug dgl`s supugst` qug gh m`st` lbrfeibh jg n`lngbr ui fbhýi gxtrb jg bfub gs mgr`, gh prgme` jg gquehenre` jgh bfub gi m`lpgtgimeb pgrcgmtb sgrìb mgr`. Hb mbitejbj jg gquehenre` sgrìb 2>? fbh`igs. Gh prgme` jgh bfub rgchgabrìb gh m`st` jg pr`jumerhb y sg pr`jumerìb y m`isulerìb hb mbitejbj gcemegitg jg bfub. Bd`rb m`isejgrg mýl` sg m`lp`rtbrìb ui l`i`p`he`. Hb tbnhb 2 lugstrb qug h`s ngigceme`s t`tbhgs sg lbxelezbi m`i 3? fbh`igs b ui prgme` jg $3? p`r fbhýi. Wi l`i`p`hestb lbxelezbj`r jg ngigceme`s, p`r tbit`, pr`jumerìb gstb mbitejbj y gstbnhgmgrìb gstg prgme`. M`l` sumgjg i`rlbhlgitg m`i h`s l`i`p`he`s, gh prgme` sgrìb supgre`r bh m`st` lbrfeibh. Gh rgsuhtbj` sgrìb eigcemegitg, p`rqug hb mbitejbj jg bfub pr`jumejb y m`isulejb sgrìb lgi`r qug gh ievgh s`mebhlgitg gcemegitg jg 2>? fbh`igs. °Ruå rgsuhtbj` jgngl`s gspgrbr jg gstg ju`p`he`0 Wib p`senehejbj gs qug Abmk y  Aehh sg rgñibi y sg p`ifbi jg bmugrj` s`nrg hb mbitejbj jg bfub qug pr`jumerâi y gh prgme` qug gstbnhgmgrâi p`r fbhýi. Wi bmugrj` m`l` åstg gitrg glprgsbs s`nrg hb pr`jummeýi y gh prgme` sg jgi`leib m`huseýi y bh frup` jg glprgsbs qug bmtñbi bh uiìs`i` sg hg m`i`mg m`l` mârtgh. Wib vgz qug sg c`rlb ui mârtgh, gh lgrmbj` cuime`ib, gi gcgmt`, m`l` ui l`i`p`he` y p`jgl`s bphembr gh biâheses jgh mbpìtuh` 27. Gst` gs, se Abmk y Aehh cugrbi b m`hujersg, sg p`ijrìbi jg bmugrj` gi gh rgsuhtbj` jg l`i`p`he`, p`rqug gstg rgsuhtbj` gs gh lbxelezbj`r jg h`s ngigceme`s t`tbhgs qug h`s pr`jumt`rgs pugjgi `ntgigr jgh lgrmbj`. Iugstr`s j`s pr`jumt`rgs pr`jumerìbi ui t`tbh jg 3? fbh`igs, qug vgijgrìbi b ui prgme` jg $3? p`r fbhýi. Wib vgz lâs, gh prgme` gs supgre`r bh m`st` lbrfeibh y gh rgsuhtbj` gs s`mebhlgitg eigcemegitg. Wi mârtgh jgng p`igrsg jg bmugrj` i` sýh` gi gh ievgh t`tbh jg pr`jummeýi, sei` tblneåi gi hb mbitejbj pr`jumejb p`r mbjb leglnr`. Gi gstg mbs`, Abmk y Aehh jgngi

M`huseýi Bmugrj` gitrg glprgsbs jg ui lgrmbj` s`nrg hbs mbitejbjgs qug pr`jumerâi ` h`s prgme`s qug gstbnhgmgrâi. Mârtgh Frup` jg glprgsbs qug bmtñbi bh uiìs`i`.

www rggHenr`s `rf

=7>

_B^ZG S 

M@IJWMZB JG HB GL_^G]B U @^FBIEQBMEÝI EIJW]Z^EBH

 

bm`rjbr mýl` sg jevejerâi hb pr`jummeýi jgh l`i`p`he` jg 3? fbh`igs. Mbjb legl nr` jgh mârtgh qugrrâ uib pr`p`rmeýi pr`p`rmeýi lby`r jgh jgh lgrmbj`, yb qug qug ghh` sefiecemb lby`rgs ngigceme`s. ]e Abmk y Aehh bmgptbi jevejersg gh lgrmbj` p`r pbrtgs efubhgs, mbjb ui` pr`jumerìb =? fbh`igs, gh prgme` sgrìb $3? p`r fbhýi y mbjb ui` `ntgijrìb ngigceme`s jg $24??.

gi hbs i`temebs  Ceabmeýi jg prgme`s gi pñnhem` ]e ui frup` jg pr`jumt`rgs pbmtb sus prgme`s gi rguie`igs sgmrgtbs, pugjgi er b hb mârmgh p`r eicreifer hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he`. _gr`, °quå sumgjgrìb se gh lesl` tglb sg jgnbtegrb gi pñnhem`0 

Mdbrhb jg lgrmbj` BHE]ZBE^ HEIJ]BU

b lby`rìb jg hbs glprgsbs tegig p`hìtembs jg `nsgrvbimeb jg hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he`. _`r h` fgigrbh, y m`i lumdb rbzýi, ejgitecembi uib sgreg jg m`sbs qug cuime`ibre`s y glphgbj`s i` jgngi dbmgr, s` pgib jg eimurrer gi rgsp`isbnehejbj pgibh, pbfbr luhtbs gstrbt`scårembs ` gicrgitbr jglbijbs aujemebhgs p`r jbò`s y pgraueme`s eheletbj`s. Z`j` jgab gi mhbr` qug hbs glprgsbs i` jgngi p`igrsg jg bmugrj` m`i sus m`lpgtej`rgs pbrb ceabr h`s prgme`s. ]g trbtb trb tb jg uib rgfhb luy mhbrb. ]ei glnbrf`, phbitgb uib prgfuitb elp`rtbitg1 °hbs glprgsbs pugjgi pbmtbr eimrglgit`s jg prgme`s sei eicreifer hbs i`rlbs hgfbhgs s`nrg h`s mârtghgs0 Gi h`s lgrmbj`s j`ijg h`s m`lpgtej`rgs igmgsetbi punhembr sus prgme`s pbrb m`isgfuer lâs mhegitgs; p`r gaglph`, gi lumd`s lgrmbj`s lei`restbs, gs pgrcgmtblgitg hgfbh eletbr h`s eimrglgit`s jg h`s revbhgs, seglprg y mubij` mbjb vgijgj`r bmtñg p`r su mugitb mubij` gstbnhgmg gh prgme` qug bphembrâ. Hb jgceiemeýi jg `hef`p`he` gs ui lgrmbj` gi gh qug `pgrb ui pgqugò` iñlgr` jg pr`vggj`rgs qug gstbnhgmgi sus pr`pebs gstrbtgfebs m`lgrmebhgs, pgr` t`lbi gi mugitb b su m`lpgtgimeb. Wi m`lpgtej`r pugjg surfer m`l` hìjgr y h`s `tr`s sgfuer su gaglph` s`nrg muâij` y muâit` eimrglgitbr h`s prgme`s. Mubij` h`s prgme`s sg igf`mebi jg lbigrb

H

prevbjb, m`l` `murrg gi lumd`s lgrmbj`s eijustrebhgs, gs m`lñi qug ui mhegitg rgvghg eic`rlbmeýi s`nrg h`s prgme`s jg hb m`lpgtgimeb pbrb `ntgigr ui lga`r prgme`1 ‘ Lg m`te-  zbr`i b £2?? hb t`ighbjb, pgr` T `crgmg £57, bsì qug hg m`lprbrå b T b lgi`s qug ustgjgs lg `crgzmbi ui lga`r prgme`“. Wib glprgsb qug rgmeng gstb eic`rlbmeýi `ntegig jbt`s vbhe`s`s s`nrg h` qug m`nrbi sus revbhgs, pgr` i` eicreifg hbs i`rlbs s`nrg h`s mârtghgs . . . Bhfuibs glprgsbs sg givìbi sgòbhgs uibs b `trbs gi h`s m`luiembj`s jerefej`s b sus eivgrse`iestbs, yb sgb jghengrbjblgitg ` i`. _`r gaglph`, ui m`lpgtej`r qug eic`rlb bh lgrmbj` qug sg gspgrb qug hb fugrrb jg prgme`s tgrleig gi cgnrgr` pr`p`rme`ib eic`rlbmeýi rghgvbitg b h`s jugò`s p`tgimebhgs y rgbhgs jg sus bmme`igs. _gr` p`r supugst`, sus revbhgs hggi h`s lesl`s eic`rlgs y pugjgi l`jecembr sus gstrbtgfebs gi m`isgmugimeb. Bsì qug uib jgmhbrbmeýi bh lgrmbj` pugjg sgrver tbit` m`l` uib sgòbh b hb m`lpgtgimeb m`l` uib jgmhbrbmeýi dgmdb jurbitg uib rguieýi jgh mârtgh . . . Hbs sgòbhgs qug sg givìbi p`r lgje` jg m`luiembj`s jerefej`s b h`s eivgrse`iestbs phbitgbi prgfuitbs jecìmehgs s`nrg hb bphembmeýi rgbh jg hbs hgygs m`itrb h`s mârtghgs. Hbs but`rejbjgs quegrgi pr`tgfgr b h`s m`isulej`rgs jg h`s gcgmt`s igfbtev`s jg hbs sgòbhgs jgsmbrbjbs, pgr` i` b m`stb jg pgrjgr trbispbrgimeb gi h`s lgrmbj`s ceibimegr`s. _`r gaglph`, gs luy rghgvbitg qug ui eivgrse`iestb m`i`zmb gh

Cugitg1 Zdg Vbhh ]trggt A`uribh , 2= jg jemeglnrg jg >??6.

mrgmelegit` pr`i`stembj` jgh eifrgs` p`r lehhb p`r pbsbagr` jg uib hìigb jg bvebmeýi pbrb gh prýxel` trelgstrg. _gr` uib bgr`hìigb revbh pugjg usbr hb mecrb biuimebjb m`l` puit` jg rgcgrgimeb pbrb ceabr sus pr`pebs tbrecbs pbrb gh prýxel` trelgstrg. M`l` gstâi hbs m`sbs, hbs but`rejbjgs qug m`lnbtgi h`s mârtghgs dbi mgitrbj` sus gscugrz`s gi gst`s mbs`s gi nh`qugbr hbs cuse`igs gi h`s lgrmbj`s j`ijg prgj`leib gh givì` jg sgòbhgs, brfulgitbij` qug hb m`is`hejbmeýi gi jemd`s lgrmbj`s pugjg rgjumer hb m`lpgtgimeb jgnej` b qug cbmehetb hb m``rjeibmeýi ` hb dbmg lâs gxet`sb. ]ei glnbrf`, i` dbi t`lbj` lgjejbs jgstbmbjbs m`itrb ieifuib glprgsb gi bhgfbt`s jg eicrbmme`igs jg hbs hgygs qug m`lnbtgi hb c`rlbmeýi jg mârtghgs p`r dbmgr biuime`s b h`s eivgrse`iestbs. ]e i` dby austecembmeýi pbrb ui biuime` m`imrgt`, bpbrtg jg givebr uib sgòbh b h`s m`lpgtej`rgs, hbs but`rejbjgs gimbrfbjbs jg bphembr hbs hgygs m`itrb h`s mârtghgs jgngrìbi eitgrvgier, yb qug gi gstg mbs` gh biuime` pñnhem` gs bibhìtemblgitg efubh b uib jesmuseýi prevbjb jergmtb gitrg h`s revbhgs y gxestg hb p`senehejbj jg qug h`s m`isulej`rgs rgsuhtgi sgreblgitg pgraujembj`s. I` `nstbitg, hb lby`rìb jg h`s biuime`s mulphg pr`pýset`s hgfìtel`s, m`l` gh jg lbitgigr eic`rlbj`s b h`s eivgrse`iestbs. Gi gst`s mbs`s, hb eitgrvgimeýi jg hbs but`rejbjgs qug bphembi hbs hgygs m`itrb h`s mârtghgs pbrgmg jglbsebj` m`lphgab, jbj`s h`s `nagtev`s p`hìtem`s jespbrgs qug gitrbi gi augf`.

www rggHenr`s `rf

MB_ÌZWH@ 26

@HEF@_@HE@

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Gh gquehenre` pbrb ui `hef`p`he` Hbs glprgsbs `hef`pýhembs quesegrbi c`rlbr mârtghgs y `ntgigr ngigceme`s jg l`i`p`he`, pgr` lumdbs vgmgs gst` gs elp`senhg. Hbs reòbs gitrg leglnr`s jgh mârtgh s`nrg mýl` jevejer h`s ngigceme`s jgh lgrmbj` pugjgi `mbse`ibr qug sgb jecìmeh hhgfbr b ui bmugrj`. Bjglâs, hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he` pr`dìngi gxprgsblgitg h`s bmugrj`s gitrg `hef`p`hestbs, m`l` mugsteýi jg p`hìtemb pñnhemb. Eimhus` dbnhbr s`nrg ceabr prgme`s y rgstremme`igs jg pr`jummeýi gitrg m`lpgtej`rgs pugjg sgr ui jghet`. _`r m`isefuegitg, m`isejgrgl`s quå sumgjg se Abmk y Aehh jgmejgi p`r sgpbrbj` muâitb bfub pr`jumer. Gi ui preimepe`, ui` gspgrbrìb qug Abmk y Aehh bhmbizbrbi gh rgsuhtbj` jg l`i`p`he` p`r sì lesl`s, p`rqug gstg rgsuhtbj` lbxelezb h`s ngigceme`s m`iauit`s. ]ei glnbrf`, gi busgimeb jg ui bmugrj` veimuhbitg, gh rgsuhtbj` jg l`i`p`he` gs elpr`nbnhg. _brb gitgijgr p`r quå, elbfeig qug Abmk gspgrb qug Aehh pr`juzmb sýh` =? fbh`igs (hb letbj jg hb mbitejbj l`i`p`hìstemb). Abmk rbz`ibrìb jg hb sefuegitg c`rlb1 ‘_ugj` pr`jumer =? fbh`igs tblneåi. Gi gstg mbs`, vgijgrìbl`s ui t`tbh jg 3? fbh`igs jg bfub bh prgme` jg $3? p`r fbhýi. Le ngigceme` sgrìb jg $24?? (=? fbh`igs Ö $3? gh fbhýi). _`r `trb pbrtg, pugj` pr`jumer :? fbh`igs. Gi gstg mbs`, vgijgrìbl`s ui t`tbh jg 6? fbh`igs jg bfub bh prgme` jg $7? p`r fbhýi. Le ngigceme` sgrìb jg $>??? (:? fbh`igs Ö $7? gh fbhýi). Buiqug h`s ngigceme`s t`tbhgs jgh lgrmbj` jesleiuerìbi, le ngigceme` sgrìb lby`r, p`rqug tgijrìb uib lby`r pbrtemepbmeýi jg lgrmbj`“. _`r supugst`, Aehh p`jrìb rbz`ibr jg hb leslb c`rlb. Jg sgr bsì, Abmk y Aehh hhgvbrìbi mbjb ui` :?bfbh`igs pugnh`. Hbs vgitbs t`tbhgs sgrìbi jg 4?mbjb fbh`igs gh prgme` jesleiuerìb $:?. Gibhm`isgmugimeb, se h`s ju`p`hestbs nusmbi ui` yp`r su mugitb sbtescbmgr su eitgrås pr`pe` mubij` jgmejgi muâit` pr`jumer, pr`jumerâi uib mbitejbj t`tbh lby`r qug hb jg l`i`p`he`, gstbnhgmgrâi ui prgme` eicgre`r bh prgme` jg l`i`p`he` y `ntgijrâi ngigceme`s t`tbhgs lgi`rgs qug h`s ngigceme`s jg l`i`p`he`. Buiqug hb hýfemb jgh eitgrås pr`pe` bulgitb hb pr`jummeýi jgh ju`p`he` s`nrg gh ievgh jg l`i`p`he`, i` `rehhb b h`s ju`p`hestbs b bhmbizbr hb jestrenumeýi m`lpgtetevb. M`isejgrgl`s quå sumgjg mubij` mbjb ju`p`hestb pr`jumg :? fbh`igs. Gh prgme` gs $:? y mbjb ju`p`hestb `ntegig ngigceme`s jg $23??. Gi gstg mbs`, hb hýfemb jgh eitgrås pr`pe` jg Abmk h` hhgvb b uib m`imhuseýi jecgrgitg1 ‘Gi gstg l`lgit` le ngigceme` gs jg $23??. ]up`iegij` qug bulgitbrb le pr`jummeýi b 7? fbh`igs, sg vgijgrìbi ui t`tbh jg 5? fbh`igs jg bfub y gh prgme` sgrìb $=? p`r fbhýi. Git`imgs, le ngigceme` sgrìb sýh` jg $27??. Gi vgz jg bulgitbr hb pr`jummeýi y dbmgr qug jesleiuyb gh prgme`, gs lga`r qug lbitgifb le pr`jummeýi gi :? fbh`igs“. Gh rgsuhtbj` gi gh qug Abmk y Aehh pr`jumgi :? fbh`igs mbjb ui` pbrgmg ui tep` jg gquehenre`. Jg dgmd`, b gstg rgsuhtbj` sg hg m`i`mg m`l` gquehenre` jg Ibsd. (Hhblbj` bsì p`r gh gm`i`lestb tgýrem` A`di Ibsd, muyb vejb cug rgprgsgitbjb gi gh henr` y hb pghìmuhb Wib lgitg nrehhbitg.) Wi gquehenre` jg Ibsd gs uib setubmeýi gi hb qug h`s bfgitgs gm`iýlem`s, qug eitgrbmtñbi ui`s m`i `tr`s, sghgmme`ibi su lga`r gstrbtgfeb jbjbs hbs gstrbtgfebs qug h`s jglâs sghgmme`ibr`i. Gi gstg mbs`, jbj` qug Aehh pr`jumg :? fbh`igs, hb lga`r gstrbtgfeb pbrb Abmk gs pr`jumer :? fbh`igs. Jgh lesl` l`j`, jbj` qug Abmk pr`jumg :? fbh`igs, hb lga`r gstrbtgfeb pbrb Aehh gs pr`jumer :? fbh`igs. Wib vgz qug bhmbizbi gh gquehenre` jg Ibsd, ie Abmk ie Aehh tegigi eimgitev`s pbrb t`lbr uib jgmeseýi jecgrgitg. Gstg gaglph` ehustrb hb tgiseýi qug gxestg gitrg hb m``pgrbmeýi y gh eitgrås pr`pe`. H`s `hef`p`hestbs gstbrìbi lga`r se m``pgrbrbi y hhgfbrbi bh rgsuhtbj` jg l`i`p`he`. ]ei glnbrf`, nusmbisus sbtescbmgr su m`iauit`s. eitgrås pr`pe`, hhgfbi bh rgsuhtbj` l`i`p`he` ie m`l` lbxelezbi ngigceme`s Mbjbi``hef`p`hestb sg eimheibjgb bulgitbr hb pr`jummeýi y b mbptbr uib lby`r pbrtemepbmeýi jg lgrmbj`. Gi vestb jg qug mbjb ui` trbtb jg dbmgr gst`, hb pr`jummeýi bulgitb y gh prgme` jesleiuyg.

Gquehenre` jg Ibsd ]etubmeýi gi hb qug h`s bfgitgs gm`iýlem`s, qug eitgrbmtñbi ui`s m`i `tr`s, sghgmme`ibi su lga`r gstrbtgfeb, jbjbs hbs gstrbtgfebs qug t`j`s h`s jglâs bfgitgs sghgmme`ibr`i.

www rggHenr`s `rf

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M@IJWMZB JG HB GL_^G]B U @^FBIEQBMEÝI EIJW]Z^EBH

 

Bh lesl` teglp`, gh eitgrås pr`pe` i` hhgvb bh lgrmbj` dbstb gh rgsuhtbj` m`lpgtetev`. Bh efubh qug h`s l`i`p`hestbs, h`s `hef`p`hestbs gstâi m`ismegitgs jg qug se bulgitbi hb mbitejbj qug pr`jumgi, jesleiuerâ gh prgme` jg su pr`jumt`, h` qug b su vgz bcgmtb h`s ngigceme`s. _`r tbit`, i` hhgfbi b sgfuer hb rgfhb jg hbs glprgsbs m`lpgtetevbs jg pr`jumer dbstb gh puit` gi gh qug gh prgme` gs efubh bh m`st` lbrfeibh. Gi rgsulgi, mubij` hbs glprgsbs jg ui `hef`p`he` sghgmme`ibi mbjb uib p`r su mugitb hb pr`jummeýi lbxelezbj`rb jg ngigceme`s, pr`jumgi uib mbitejbj lby`r jg pr`jumt` qug gh ievgh qug pr`jumg ui l`i`p`he` y lgi`r qug gh qug pr`jumg uib glprgsb m`lpgtetevb. Gh  prgme` jg `hef`p`he` `hef`p`he` gs lgi`r lgi`r qug gh prgme` jg l`i`p`he`, pgr` lby`r qug gh gh prgme` m`lpgtetev` m`lpgtetev` (qug gs efubh bh m`st` lbrfeibh).

Mýl` bcgmtb gh tblbò` jg ui `hef`p`he` gh rgsuhtbj` jgh lgrmbj` _brb gxphembr qug gh tblbò` jg ui `hef`p`he` pugjg hhgfbr b bcgmtbr gh rgsuhtbj` jgh lgrmbj`, p`jgl`s utehezbr gh biâheses jgh ju`p`he`. ]up`ifb, p`r gaglph`, qug A`di y A`bi jgsmunrgi jg rgpgitg cugitgs jg bfub gi su pr`pegjbj y sg sulbi b Abmk y  Aehh gi gh `hef`p`he` jgh bfub. Hb tbnhb jg hb jglbijb qug sg prgsgitb gi hb tbnhb 2 sg lbitegig efubh, pgr` bd`rb dby lâs pr`jumt`rgs qug sbtescbmgi gstb jglbijb. °Mýl` bcgmtb gh bulgit` gi gh iñlgr` jg vgijgj`rgs jg j`s b mubtr` gh prgme` y hb mbitejbj jg bfub gi gh pugnh`0 ]e h`s vgijgj`rgs jg bfub pujegrbi c`rlbr ui mârtgh, trbtbrìbi jg lbxelezbr h`s  ngigceme`s t`tbhgs; pbrbBhghh`, pr`jumer pr`jumerìbi ìbi hb sýh` mbitejbj l`i`p`he` y gstbnhgmgrìbi gh prgme` jg l`i`p`he`. efubh qug mubij` dbnìbjgj`s vgijgj`rgs, h`s leglnr`s jgh mârtgh jgngi bm`rjbr h`s ievghgs jg pr`jummeýi jg mbjb leglnr` y gim`itrbr bhfuib c`rlb jg dbmgr mulpher gh bmugrj`. ]ei glnbrf`, b lgjejb qug mrgmg gh mârtgh, gstg rgsuhtbj` gs mbjb vgz lgi`s pr`nbnhg. Hhgfbr b ui bmugrj` y dbmgrh` mulpher sg dbmg lâs jecìmeh m`ic`rlg bulgitb gh tblbò` jgh frup`. ]e h`s `hef`p`hestbs i` c`rlbi ui mârtgh (quezâ p`rqug hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he` h` pr`dìngi), mbjb ui` jgng jgmejer p`r sì s`h` muâitb bfub pr`jumer. _brb gitgijgr mýl` gh eimrglgit` gi gh iñlgr` jg vgijgj`rgs bcgmtb h`s rgsuhtbj`s, m`isejgrg hb jgmeseýi qug gicrgitb mbjb vgijgj`r. Gi mubhquegr l`lgit`, mbjb jugò` jg ui p`z` tegig hb `pmeýi jg pr`jumer ui fbhýi lâs. Bh t`lbr gstb jgmeseýi, gh jugò` jgh p`z` t`lb gi mugitb h`s sefuegitgs j`s gcgmt`s1

• Gh gcgmt` pr`jummeýi1 jgnej` b qug gh prgme` gs supgre`r bh m`st` lbrfeibh, vgijgr fbhýi lâs jg bfub bh prgme` bmtubh bulgitbrâ h`s ngigceme`s. • ui Gh gcgmt` prgme`1 ui eimrglgit` jg hb pr`jummeýi bulgitbrâ gh t`tbh vgijej`, h` qug rgjumerâ tbit` gh prgme` jgh bfub m`l` h`s ngigceme`s jgh rgst` jg h`s fbh`igs vgijej`s. ]e gh gcgmt` pr`jummeýi gs lby`r qug gh gcgmt` prgme`, gh jugò` jgh p`z` bulgitbrâ hb pr`jummeýi. ]e gh gcgmt` prgme` gs lby`r qug gh gcgmt` pr`jummeýi, gh jugò` i` bulgitbrâ hb pr`jummeýi. (Jg dgmd`, gi gstg mbs` gs rgjetubnhg rgjumer hb pr`jummeýi.) Mbjb `hef`p`hestb m`iteiñb bulgitbij` hb pr`jummeýi dbstb qug gst`s j`s gcgmt`s lbrfeibhgs gståi gxbmtblgitg nbhbimgbj`s, t`lbij` m`l` jbjb hb pr`jummeýi jg hbs `trbs glprgsbs. Bd`rb m`isejgrgl`s mýl` gh iñlgr` jg glprgsbs gi hb eijustreb bcgmtb gh biâheses lbrfeibh jg mbjb `hef`p`hestb. Mubit` lby`r sgb gh iñlgr` jg vgijgj`rgs, tbit` lgi`s prg`mupbrâ b mbjb vgijgj`r gh gcgmt` qug pugjg pr`jumer gi gh prgme` jg lgrmbj`. Gst` gs, b lgjejb qug bulgitb gh tblbò` jgh `hef`p`he`, hb lbfietuj jgh gcgmt` prgme` sg rgjumg. Mubij` gh `hef`p`he` sg dbmg luy frbijg, gh gcgmt` prgme` jgsbpbrgmg p`r m`lphgt`. Gst` sefiecemb qug hb jgmeseýi jg pr`jummeýi jg mbjb glprgsb i` bcgmtb yb gh prgme` jg lgrmbj`. Gi gstg mbs` gxtrgl`, mbjb glprgsb t`lb

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gh prgme` jg lgrmbj` m`l` jbj` bh jgmejer muâit` pr`jumer. Hb glprgsb bulgitb su pr`jummeýi seglprg qug gh prgme` sgb lby`r qug gh m`st` lbrfeibh. Bd`rb i`s jbl`s mugitb jg qug ui `hef`p`he` frbijg gs gsgimebhlgitg ui frup` jg glprgsbs m`lpgtetevbs. Wib glprgsb m`lpgtetevb m`isejgrb sýh` gh gcgmt` pr`jummeýi b hb d`rb jg jgmejer muâit` pr`jumer1 jgnej` b qug uib glprgsb m`lpgtetevb gs t`lbj`rb jg prgme`s, gh gcgmt` prgme` gstâ busgitg. Bsì, b lgjejb qug bulgitb gh iñlgr` iñ lgr` jg vgijgj`rgs gi ui `hef`p`he`, gh lgrmbj` `hef`pýhem` sg pbrgmg mbjb vgz lâs b ui lgrmbj` m`lpgtetev`. Gh prgme` sg bmgrmb bh m`st` lbrfeibh y hb mbitejbj pr`jumejb sg bpr`xelb bh ievgh s`mebhlgitg gcemegitg.

Gstg biâheses jgh `hef`p`he` uib iugvb pgrspgmtevb s`nrg h`s gcgmt`s jgh m`lgrme` eitgribme`ibh. Elbfeig`crgmg qug Z`y`tb y D`ijb s`i h`s ñiem`s cbnrembitgs jg but`lývehgs gi Abpýi, S`hkswbfgi y NLV s`i h`s ñiem`s cbnrembitgs jg but`lývehgs gi Bhglbieb, y C`rj y Fgigrbh L`t`rs s`i h`s ñiem`s cbnrembitgs jg but`lývehgs gi Gstbj`s Wiej`s. ]e gst`s pbìsgs pr`dìngi gh m`lgrme` eitgribme`ibh jg but`lývehgs, mbjb ui` tgijrìb ui `hef`p`he` m`i sýh` j`s leglnr`s y gh rgsuhtbj` jgh lgrmbj` gstbrìb luy hga`s jgh ejgbh m`lpgtetev`. ]ei glnbrf`, m`i gh m`lgrme` eitgribme`ibh, gh lgrmbj` jg h`s but`lývehgs gs ui lgrmbj` luijebh y gh `hef`p`he` gi gstg gaglph` tegig sges leglnr`s. _grleter gh henrg m`lgrme` bulgitb gh iñlgr` jg pr`jumt`rgs qug gh m`isulej`r pugjg ghgfer y gstg bulgit` jg hb m`lpgtgimeb lbitegig h`s prgme`s lâs mgrmb jgh m`st` lbrfeibh. _`r tbit`, hb tg`rìb jgh `hef`p`he` pr`p`rme`ib `trb rbzýi, bjglâs jg hb tg`rìb jg hb vgitbab m`lpbrbtevb gstujebjb gi gh mbpìtuh` =, jg p`r quå t`j`s h`s pbìsgs sg ngigcemebi m`i gh henrg m`lgrme`. `hef`p`he` pujegrbi p`igrsg jg bmugrj` gi hb GTBLGI ^Â_EJ@  ]e h`s leglnr`s jg ui `hef`p`he` mbitejbj t`tbh jg pr`jummeýi, °quå mbitejbj gsm`fgrìbi0 • ]e h`s `hef`p`hestbs i` bmtñbi m`iauitblgitg y gi vgz jg gs` mbjb ui` t`lb p`r su mugitb hbs jgmese`igs s`nrg muâit`  pr`jumer, °pr`jumerâi uib mbitejbj t`tbh lby`r ` lgi`r qug hb rgspugstb b hb prgfuitb bitgre`r0 °_`r quå0 

Hb gm`i`lìb jg hb m``pgrbmeýi M`l` dgl`s vest`, h`s `hef`p`he`s jgsgbi hhgfbr b hb s`humeýi jg l`i`p`he`, pgr` pbrb h`frbrh` gs igmgsbreb hb m``pgrbmeýi, hb mubh b vgmgs gs jecìmeh jg gstbnhgmgr y lbitgigr. Gi gstb sgmmeýi gxbleibrgl`s lâs jgtgiejblgitg h`s pr`nhglbs qug sg prgsgitbi mubij` hb m``pgrbmeýi gitrg bfgitgs gs jgsgbnhg, pgr` jecìmeh. _brb bibhezbr hb gm`i`lìb jg hb m``pgrbmeýi, jgngl`s bprgijgr ui p`m` s`nrg tg`rìb jg  augf`s. Gi pbrtemuhbr i`s mgitrbl`s gi ui ‘augf`“ elp`rtbitg hhblbj` gh jehglb jgh prese`igr`. Gstg augf` byujb b gitgijgr p`r quå hb m``pgrbmeýi gs jecìmeh. Lumdbs vgmgs gi hb vejb, hbs pgrs`ibs i` m``pgrbi m`i h`s jglâs b pgsbr jg qug hb m``pgrbmeýi  ngigcemebrìb b t`j`s. Wi `hef`p`he` `hef`p`he` gs sýh` ui gaglph` jg gst`. Hb dest`reb jgh jehglb jgh prese`igr` m`itegig uib hgmmeýi fgigrbh qug sg bphemb b mubhquegr frup` qug trbtb jg lbitgigr hb m``pgrbmeýi gitrg sus leglnr`s.

Jehglb jgh prese`igr` Wi ‘augf`“ pbrtemuhbr gitrg j`s prgs`s qug ehustrb p`r quå gs jecìmeh lbitgigr hb m``pgrbmeýi b pgsbr jg qug sgb lutublgitg ngigceme`sb.

Gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` Gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` gs uib dest`reb s`nrg j`s jgheimugitgs qug dbi sej` jgtgiej`s p`r hb p`hemìb. Hhblål`sh`s N`iieg y Mhyjg. Hb p`hemìb mugitb m`i prugnbs sucemegitgs pbrb m`ijgibr b N`iieg y b Mhyjg p`r gh jghet` lgi`r jg p`rtbr ui brlb jg cugf`s`spgmdb i` rgfestrbjb, qug mbjb ui` pbsbrâ auit`s ui bò`uiginbim`, preseýi. Hb mbrgmgi p`hemìb tblneåi qug h`sp`r j`sh`jgheimugitgs bsbhtbr`i pgr` jg prugnbs m`imrgtbs pbrb m`ijgibrh`s p`r gstg jghet` frbvg. Hb p`hemìb eitgrr`fb b N`iieg y b Mhyjg gi mubrt`s jecgrgitgs y hg `crgmg b mbjb ui` gh sefuegitg trbt`1

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Cefurb

2

Jgmeseýi jg N`iieg M`icgsbr

Gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` Gi gstg augf` gitrg j`s jgheimugitgs s`spgmd`s`s jg dbngr m`lgtej` ui jghet`, hb sgitgimeb qug mbjb ui` rgmeng jgpgijg tbit` jg su jgmeseýi jg m`icgsbr ` fubrjbr sehgime`, m`l` jg hb jgmeseýi t`lbjb p`r hb `trb pgrs`ib.

B N`iieg hg jbi 4 bò`s

Fubrjbr sehgime`

B N`iieg hg jbi >? bò`s

M`icgsbr

B Mhyjg hg jbi 4 bò`s

Jgmeseýi

B N`iieg sbhg henrg

jg Mhyjg

Mhyjg sbhg henrg B N`iieg hg jbi 2 bò`

Fubrjbr sehgime`

B Mhyjg hg jbi >? bò`s

B Mhyjg hg jbi 2 bò`

‘Gi gstg l`lgit` p`jgl`s gimgrrbrtg ui bò`. ]ei glnbrf`, se m`icegsbs qug bsbhtbstg ui nbim` g eimreleibs b tu m`lpbògr`, tg jbrgl`s eiluiejbj y qugjbrâs gi hengrtbj. Zu m`lpbògr` pbsbrâ >? bò`s gi hb mârmgh. _gr` se bln`s m`icegsbi dbngr m`lgtej` gh jghet`, i` igmgsetbrgl`s tu tgstel`ie` y p`jrgl`s bd`rrbri`s gh m`st`

Gstrbtgfeb j`leibitg Gs hb lga`r gstrbtgfeb pbrb ui aufbj`r gi ui augf`, sei elp`rtbr hbs gstrbtgfebs qug gheabi h`s `tr`s aufbj`rgs.

jgh]eaueme`, p`r h` qug mbjb ui`hbjr`igs rgmenerâjgsbhlbj`s, uib sgitgimebsgeitgrlgjeb `md` N`iieg y Mhyjg, qug s`i prg`mupbi jg sýh` p`rbò`s“. su sgitgimeb, °quå sg gspgrbrìb qug demegrb mbjb ui` jg ghh`s0 Hb cefurb 2 lugstrb sus `pme`igs. Mbjb prese`igr` tegig j`s gstrbtgfebs1 m`icgsbr ` fubrjbr sehgime`. Hb sgitgimeb qug mbjb ui` rgmenb jgpgijg jg hb gstrbtgfeb qug gheab y jg hb gstrbtgfeb ghgfejb p`r su mýlphemg. M`isejgrg prelgr` hb jgmeseýi jg N`iieg. Ghhb rbz`ib jg hb sefuegitg c`rlb1 ‘I` så quå dbrâ Mhyjg. ]e fubrjb sehgime`, le lga`r gstrbtgfeb gs m`icgsbr y bsì qugjbrå gi hengrtbj gi hufbr jg pbsbr ui bò` gi hb mârmgh. ]e åh m`icegsb, le lga`r gstrbtgfeb sefug segij` m`icgsbr y pbsbr 4 bò`s gi hb mârmgh gi vgz jg >?. _`r m`isefuegitg, sei elp`rtbr h` qug dbfb Mhyjg, h` qug lâs lg m`ivegig gs m`icgsbr“. Gi gh hgifubag jg hb tg`rìb jg augf`s, uib gstrbtgfeb sg m`i`mg m`l` hb gstrbtgfeb j`leibitg se gs hb lga`r gstrbtgfeb qug pugjg sgfuer ui aufbj`r, sei elp`rtbr hbs gstrbtgfebs qug sefbi gh rgst` jg h`s aufbj`rgs. Gi gstg mbs`, m`icgsbr gs hb gstrbtgfeb j`leibitg N`iieg. _bsbrâ lgi`s sehgime`. teglp` gi hb mârmgh se m`icegsb, eijgpgijegitglgitg jg pbrb se Mhyjg m`icegsb ` fubrjb Bd`rb m`isejgrg hb jgmeseýi jg Mhyjg. Åh gicrgitb hbs leslbs `pme`igs qug N`iieg y su rbz`iblegit` gs gh lesl`. ]ei elp`rtbr h` qug dbfb N`iieg, Mhyjg pugjg rgjumer gh teglp` qug pbsbrâ gi hb mârmgh se m`icegsb. Gi `trbs pbhbnrbs, m`icgsbr gs tblneåi hb gstrbtgfeb j`leibitg pbrb Mhyjg. Bh ceibh, tbit` N`iieg m`l` Mhyjg m`icegsbi y bln`s pbsbi `md` bò`s gi preseýi. ]ei glnbrf`, jgsjg su puit` jg vestb, gstg rgsuhtbj` gs tgrrenhg. ]e h`s j`s dunegrbi fubrjbj` sehgime`, b bln`s hgs dbnrìb ej` lga`r, yb qug sýh` h`s dbnrìbi m`ijgibj` b ui bò` gi preseýi p`r p`rtbmeýi jg brlbs. Jgnej` b qug mbjb ui` pgrsefug su pr`pe` eitgrås, h`s j`s prese`igr`s auit`s hhgfbi b ui rgsuhtbj` qug gs pg`r pbrb mbjb ui` jg ghh`s. ]grìb hýfem` gspgrbr qug N`iieg y Mhyjg dunegrbi prgvest` gstb setubmeýi g demegrbi phbigs gi m`isgmugimeb. _gr` eimhus` se dunegrbi phbigbj` bhf`, jg t`j`s l`j`s sg dbnrìbi t`pbj` m`i pr`nhglbs. Elbfeig qug, bitgs jg qug hb p`hemìb jgtuvegrb b N`iieg y Mhyjg, h`s j`s jgheimugitgs dunegrbi dgmd` ui pbmt` jg i` m`icgsbr. Gs gvejgitg qug gstg bmugrj` ngigcemebrìb b bln`s se h`s j`s h` mulphegrbi, yb qug mbjb ui` pbsbrìb sýh` ui bò` gi preseýi. _gr`, °h`s j`s jgheimugitgs dbnrìbi fubrjbj` sehgime` sýh` p`rqug bsì h` pbmtbr`i0 Wib vgz qug h`s eitgrr`fbrbi p`r sgpbrbj`,

www rggHenr`s `rf

MB_ÌZWH@ 26

@HEF@_@HE@

=76

 

hb hýfemb jgh eitgrås pr`pe` sg dbnrìb elpugst` y h`s dbnrìb eijumej` b m`icgsbr. Hb m``pgrbmeýi gitrg j`s prese`igr`s gs jecìmeh jg lbitgigr, p`rqug hb m``pgrbmeýi gs errbme`ibh gi h` eijevejubh.

H`s `hef`p`he`s vest`s m`l` gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` °Ruå tegig qug vgr gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` m`i h`s lgrmbj`s y hb m`lpgtgimeb elpgrcgmtb0 ^gsuhtb qug gh augf` aufbj` p`r h`s `hef`p`hestbs, bh trbtbr jg bhmbizbr gh rgsuhtbj` jg l`i`p`he`, gs selehbr bh qug augfbi h`s j`s prese`igr`s gi gh jehglb jgh prese`igr`. M`isejgrg jg iugv` hbs `pme`igs qug gicrgitbi Abmk y Aehh. Jgspuås jg uib hbrfb igf`mebmeýi, h`s j`s pr`vggj`rgs jg bfub bmugrjbi lbitgigr hb pr`jummeýi gi =? fbh`igs, y bsì gh prgme` sg lbitgijrâ gi ui ievgh bht` y auit`s `ntgijrâi ngigceme`s lâxel`s. ]ei glnbrf`, jgspuås jg bm`rjbr h`s ievghgs jg pr`jummeýi, mbjb ui` jgng jgmejer se m``pgrb y mulphg gh bmugrj`, ` se dbmg mbs` `les` jg åstg y pr`jumg ui ievgh lâs bht`. Hb cefurb > lugstrb mýl` h`s ngigceme`s jg h`s j`s pr`jumt`rgs jgpgijgi jg hbs gstrbtgfebs qug gheabi. ]up`ifb qug ustgj gs Abmk. _`jrìb rbz`ibr jg hb sefuegitg c`rlb1 ‘_ugj` lbitgigr hb pr`jummeýi gi ui ievgh nba` jg =? fbh`igs, m`l` bm`rjbl`s, ` bulgitbr le pr`jummeýi y vgijgr :? fbh`igs. ]e Aehh mulphg gh bmugrj` y lbitegig su pr`jummeýi gi =? fbh`igs, git`imgs `ntgijrå ui ngigceme` jg $>??? m`i hb pr`jummeýi bhtb y $24?? m`i hb pr`jummeýi nbab. Gi gstg mbs` lg m`ivegig pr`jumer lâs. ]e Aehh i` mulphg gh bmugrj` y pr`jumg :? fbh`igs, git`imgs fbi` $23?? m`i hb pr`jummeýi bhtb y $27?? m`i hb pr`jummeýi nbab. Wib vgz lâs, lg vb lga`r se pr`juzm` lâs. Bsì qug, sei elp`rtbr h` qug gsm`ab Aehh, h` qug lâs lg m`ivegig gs i` mulpher iugstr` bmugrj` y pr`jumer b ui ievgh bht`“. _r`jumer :? fbh`igs gs hb gstrbtgfeb j`leibitg pbrb Abmk. Mhbr` qug Aehh pegisb jg hb leslb c`rlb, p`r h` qug bln`s pr`jumgi ui ievgh lâs bht` jg :? fbh`igs. Gh rgsuhtbj` gs hb s`humeýi eicgre`r tbit` pbrb Abmk m`l` pbrb Aehh, yb qug h`s j`s pr`jumt`rgs `ntegigi nba`s ngigceme`s. Gstg gaglph` ehustrb p`r quå h`s `hef`p`he`s tegigi pr`nhglbs pbrb lbitgigr h`s  ngigceme`s jgh l`i`p`he`. Gh rgsuhtbj` jg l`i`p`he` gs rbme`ibh pbrb gh `hef`p`he` gi su m`iauit`, pgr` mbjb `hef`p`hestb tegig gh eimgitev` jg dbmgr trblpb. Bsì m`l` gi gh jehglb jgh prese`igr`, gh eitgrås pr`pe` eijumg b m`icgsbr b h`s prese`igr`s, gh eitgrås pr`pe` dbmg jecìmeh qug gh `hef`p`he` lbitgifb gh rgsuhtbj` gi m``pgrbmeýi m`i uib nbab pr`jummeýi, bht`s prgme`s y ngigceme`s l`i`pýhem`s.

Cefurb

Jgmeseýi jg Abmk Bhtb pr`jummeýi1 :? fbh`igs

Bhtb pr`jummeýi1 :? fbh`igs Jgmeseýi jg Aehh Nbab pr`jummeýi1 =? fbh`igs

Abmk `ntegig $23?? jg ngigflme`s Aehh `ntegig $23?? jg ngigflme`s Abmk `ntegig $>??? jg ngigflme`s Aehh `ntegig $27?? jg ngigflme`s

Nbab pr`jummeýi1 =? fbh`igs

Abmk `ntegig $27?? jg ngigflme`s Aehh `ntegig $>??? jg ngigflme`s Abmk `ntegig $24?? jg ngigflme`s Aehh `ntegig $24?? jg ngigflme`s

>

Gh augf` jg `hef`p`he` jg Abmk y Aehh Gi gstg augf` gitrg Abmk y Aehh, gh ngigceme` qug mbjb ui` `ntegig p`r vgijgr bfub jgpgijg tbit` jg hb mbitejbj jg bfub qug mbjb ui` jgsgb vgijgr, m`l` jg hb mbitejbj qug gh `tr` jgmejb vgijgr.

www rggHenr`s `rf

=74

_B^ZG S 

M@IJWMZB JG HB GL_^G]B U @^FBIEQBMEÝI EIJW]Z^EBH

 

  Mbs` jg gstuje`

Hb @_G_ y gh lgrmbj` luijebh jgh pgtrýhg`

Hb dest`reb s`nrg gh lgrmbj` jg bfub jgh pugnh` gs cemtemeb, pgr` se mblnebl`s gh bfub p`r pgtrýhg` y b Abmk y Aehh p`r Erâi g Erbk, hb dest`reb sg pbrgmgrâ lumd` b hb rgbhejbj. _`m`s pbìsgs, preimepbhlgitg jgh Lgje` @regitg, pr`jumgi uib frbi pbrtg jgh pgtrýhg` luijebh. Gst`s pbìsgs c`rlbi gi m`iauit` ui `hef`p`he`. ]us jgmese`igs s`nrg muâit` pgtrýhg` gxtrbgr sg pbrgmgi lumd` b hbs jgmese`igs qug t`lbi Abmk y  Aehh s`nrg muâitb bfub n`lngbr. H`s preimepbhgs pbìsgs pr`jumt`rgs jg pgtrýhg` dbi c`rlbj` ui mârtgh hhblbj` @rfbiezbmeýi jg _bìsgs Gxp`rtbj`rgs jg _gtrýhg` (@_G_). Hb @_G_ sg cuijý gi 253? y, gi ui preimepe`, eimhuìb b Erâi, Erbk, Kuwbet, Brbneb ]bujetb y Sgigzughb. Gi 256= sg eim`rp`rbr`i `tr`s `md` pbìsgs1 Rbtbr, Eij`igseb, Heneb, Glerbt`s Ârbngs Wiej`s, Brfgheb, Iefgreb, Gmubj`r y Fbnýi. Gst`s pbìsgs m`itr`hbi bpr`xelbjblgitg trgs mubrtbs pbrtgs jg hbs rgsgrvbs luijebhgs jg pgtrýhg`. M`l` mubhquegr `tr` mârtgh, hb @_G_ trbtb jg eimrglgitbr gh prgme` jg su pr`jumt` lgjebitg uib rgjummeýi m``rjeibjb jg hb mbitejbj pr`jumejb. Hb @_G_ trbtb jg gstbnhgmgr ievghgs jg pr`jummeýi pbrb mbjb ui` jg h`s pbìsgs leglnr`s. Gh pr`nhglb qug gicrgitb hb @_G_ gs efubh bh pr`nhglb qug Abmk y Aehh gicrgitbr`i gi iugstrb dest`reb. H`s pbìsgs jg hb @_G_ quegrgi lbitgigr ui prgme` bht` jgh pgtrýhg`. _gr` mbjb leglnr` jgh mârtgh sg segitg tgitbj` b bulgitbr su pr`jummeýi pbrb `ntgigr uib lby`r pr`p`rmeýi jgh t`tbh jg h`s ngigceme`s. H`s leglnr`s jg hb @_G_ crgmugitglgitg bmugrjbi rgjumer su pr`jummeýi, pgr` jgspuås eimulphgi sus bmugrj`s. Hb @_G_ h`frý lbitgigr hb m``pgrbmeýi y h`s prgme`s bht`s gi gh pgre`j` m`lprgijej` jg 256= b 2547. Gh prgme` jgh mruj` bulgitý jg = jýhbrgs gh nbrreh gi 256> b 22 jýhbrgs gi 256:, y jgspuås b =7 jýhbrgs gi 2542. _gr` b lgjebj`s jg hb jåmbjb jg 254?, h`s pbìsgs leglnr`s glpgzbr`i b jesgiter s`nrg h`s ievghgs jg pr`jummeýi y hb @_G_ sg v`hveý eigcembz b hb d`rb jg lbitgigr hb m``pgrbmeýi. Gi 2543 gh prgme` jgh pgtrýhg` dbnìb mbìj` b 2= jýhbrgs gh nbrreh. Gi bò`s rgmegitgs h`s leglnr`s jg hb @_G_ sg dbi rguiej` m`i rgfuhbrejbj, pgr` gh mârtgh i` db h`frbj` bhmbizbr bmugrj`s ie dbmgrh`s mulpher. Buiqug gh prgme` jgh pgtrýhg` bulgitý sefiecembtevblgitg gi >??6 y >??4, hb mbusb preimepbh cug gh eimrglgit` jg hb jglbijb gi gh lgrmbj` luijebh jg pgtrýhg`, gi pbrtg p`r gh bufg jg hb gm`i`lìb mdeib lâs qug p`r uib `cgrtb rgstreifejb. Buiqug gstb cbhtb jg m``pgrbmeýi gitrg h`s pbìsgs jg hb @_G_ db jesleiuej` h`s ngigceme`s jg h`s pbìsgs pr`jumt`rgsbjg p`r jgnba` jgh ievgh qug p`jrìbi dbngr bhmbizbj`, gst` db  ngigcemebj` h`spgtrýhg` m`isulej`rgs jg t`j` gh luij`. ▯

@tr`s gaglph`s jgh jehglb jgh prese`igr` Dgl`s vest` mýl` gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` pugjg utehezbrsg pbrb gitgijgr gh pr` nhglb qug gicrgitbi h`s `hef`p`he`s. Hb leslb hýfemb sg bphemb b `trbs setubme`igs. Bquì m`isejgrbl`s j`s gaglph`s gi h`s qug gh eitgrås pr`pe` elpejg hb m``pgrbmeýi y pr`jumg ui rgsuhtbj` eicgre`r pbrb hbs pbrtgs gi mugsteýi. Mbrrgrb brlblgitestb Gi hbs jåmbjbs p`stgre`rgs b hb ]gfuijb Fugrrb Luijebh, hbs j`s p`tgimebs luijebhgs (Gstbj`s Wiej`s y hb Wieýi ]`veåtemb) gitbnhbr`i uib m`lpgtgimeb pr`h`ifbjb p`r gh p`jgrì` lehetbr. Gstg tglb l`tevý bhfui`s jg h`s prelgr`s trbnba`s gi tg`rìb jg augf`s. H`s eivgstefbj`rgs eijembr`i qug uib mbrrgrb brlblgitestb gs m`l` gh jehglb jgh prese`igr`. M`i hb ceibhejbj jg gitgijgr p`r quå, m`isejgrg hbs jgmese`igs qug t`lbi Gstbj`s Wiej`s y hb Wieýi ]`veåtemb s`nrg se jgngi m`istruer iugvbs brlbs ` jgsbrlbrsg. Mbjb pbìs prgcegrg tgigr lâs brlbs qug gh `tr`, p`rqug ui lby`r brsgibh hg jbrìb lâs eichugimeb gi h`s bsuit`s luijebhgs. _gr` mbjb pbìs tblneåi prgcegrg vever gi ui luij` sgfur` cugrb jgh bhmbimg jg hbs brlbs jgh `tr` pbìs.

www rggHenr`s `rf

MB_ÌZWH@ 26

@HEF@_@HE@

=75

 

Jgmeseýi jg Gstbj`s Wiej`s Brlbrsg

Gstbj`s Wiej`s gi regsf`

Jgsbrlbrsg

Gstbj`s Wiej`s gi regsf` y jåneh

Brlbrsg Jgmeseýi jg hb Wieýi ]`veåtemb (W^]])

W^]] gi regsf` Gstbj`s Wiej`s b sbhv`  y p`jgr`s`

W^]] b sbhv` y p`jgr`sb   Gstbj`s Wiej`s b sbhv`

Cefurb

=

Gh augf` jg hb mbrrgrb brlblgitestb Gi gstg augf` gitrg j`s pbìsgs, hb sgfurejbj y gh p`jgr jg mbjb ui` jgpgijgi tbit` jg su jgmeseýi jg brlbrsg m`l` jg hb jgmeseýi t`lbjb p`r gh `tr` pbìs.

Jgsbrlbrsg

W^]] gi regsf` y jåneh

W^]] b sbhv`

Hb cefurb = ehustrb gstg augf` l`rtbh. ]e hb Wieýi ]`veåtemb jgmejg brlbrsg, pbrb Gstbj`s Wiej`s gs lga`r dbmgr h` lesl` pbrb gvetbr hb pårjejb jg p`jgr. ]e hb Wieýi ]`veåtemb `ptb p`r jgsbrlbrsg, b Gstbj`s Wiej`s hg m`ivegig brlbrsg, p`rqug gst` h` dbrìb lâs p`jgr`s`. _brb mbjb pbìs, brlbrsg gs hb gstrbtgfeb j`leibitg. Bsì, mbjb pbìs jgmejg m`iteiubr m`i hb mbrrgrb brlblgitestb, h` mubh jb p`r rgsuhtbj` hb setubmeýi eicgre`rhbj`ijg pbìsgs gstâi gi regsf`. Jurbitg Fugrrbbln`s Crìb, Gstbj`s Wiej`s y hb Wieýi ]`veåtemb eitgitbr`i rgs`hvgr gstg pr`nhglb lgjebitg hb igf`mebmeýi y bmugrj`s s`nrg m`itr`h jg brlbs. H`s pr` nhglbs qug gst`s j`s pbìsgs gicrgitbr`i grbi selehbrgs b h`s qug tegigi h`s `hef`p`hestbs mubij` trbtbi jg lbitgigr ui mârtgh. Bh efubh qug h`s `hef`p`hestbs jesmutgi p`r h`s ievghgs jg pr`jummeýi, Gstbj`s Wiej`s y hb Wieýi ]`veåtemb jgnbtegr`i s`nrg hb mbitejbj jg brlbs qug mbjb pbìs p`jìb tgigr. Bsì m`l` h`s mârtghgs tegigi pr`nhglbs pbrb mulpher h`s ievghgs jg pr`jummeýi bm`rjbj`s, Gstbj`s Wiej`s y hb Wieýi ]`veåtemb tglìbi qug gh `tr` pbìs eicreifegrb h`s bmugrj`s b h`s qug dbnìbi hhgfbj`. Zbit` gi hb mbrrgrb brlblgitestb m`l` gi h`s `hef`p`he`s, hb elphbmbnhg hýfemb jgh eitgrås pr`pe` hhgvb b h`s pbrtemepbitgs b ui rgsuhtbj` sei m``pgrbmeýi qug gs pg`r pbrb mbjb pbrtg. ^gmurs`s m`luigs

Gi gh mbpìtuh` 22 vel`s qug hbs pgrs`ibs tegijgi b usbr

gi gxmgs` rgmurs`s m`luigs. Gstg pr`nhglb sg pugjg vgr m`l` ui gaglph` jgh jehglb jghh`s prese`igr`. Elbfeig qug j`s m`lpbòìbs pgtr`hgrbs (Gxx`i y Zgxbm`) s`i pr`pegtbrebs jg mblp`s pgtr`hìcgr`s bjybmgitgs. Jgnba` jg h`s mblp`s dby ui ybmelegit` m`lñi jg pgtrýhg` qug vbhg $2> lehh`igs. _grc`rbr ui p`z` pbrb gxtrbgr gh pgtrýhg` mugstb $2 lehhýi. ]e mbjb glprgsb pgrc`rb ui p`z`, mbjb uib `ntgijrâ hb letbj jgh pgtrýhg` y fbibrâ $7 lehh`igs jg ngigceme`s ($3 lehh`igs jg eifrgs`s lgi`s $2 lehhýi jg m`st`s). Jgnej` b qug gh ybmelegit` jg pgtrýhg` gs ui rgmurs` m`lñi, hbs glprgsbs i` h` usbi gcemegitglgitg. ]up`ifb qug mubhquegrb jg hbs j`s glprgsbs pugjg pgrc`rbr ui sgfuij` p`z`. ]e uib glprgsb tegig j`s jg h`s trgs p`z`s, gsb glprgsb `ntegig j`s tgrmgrbs pbrtgs jgh pgtrýhg`, qug pr`jumgi ngigceme`s jg $3 lehh`igs. Hb `trb glprgsb `ntegig sýh` uib tgrmgrb pbrtg jgh pgtrýhg` qug fgigrb ngigceme`s jg $= lehh`igs. _gr` se mbjb glprgsb pgrc`rb ui sgfuij` p`z`, hbs j`s glprgsbs sg jevejgi gh pgtrýhg`. Gi gstg mbs`, mbjb uib pbfb gh m`st` jg ui sgfuij` p`z` y h`s ngigceme`s s`i jg sýh` $: lehh`igs pbrb mbjb glprgsb. Hb cefurb : ehustrb gh augf`. _grc`rbr j`s p`z`s gs hb gstrbtgfeb j`leibitg pbrb mbjb glprgsb. Jg iugv`, gh eitgrås pr`pe` jg h`s j`s aufbj`rgs h`s hhgvb b ui rgsuhtbj` eicgre`r.

www rggHenr`s `rf

=3?

_B^ZG S 

M@IJWMZB JG HB GL_^G]B U @^FBIEQBMEÝI EIJW]Z^EBH

 

Cefurb

:

Jgmeseýi jg Gxx`i _grc`rbr j`s p`z`s

Gh augf` jg h`s rgmurs`s m`luigs Gi gstg augf` gitrg glprgsbs qug gxtrbgi pgtrýhg` jg ui lesl` ybmelegit`, h`s ngigceme`s jg mbjb uib jgpgijg tbit` jgh iñlgr` jg p`z`s qug pgrc`rg, m`l` jgh iñlgr` jg p`z`s pgrc`rbj`s p`r hb `trb glprgsb.

_grc`rbr j`s p`z`s Jgmeseýi jg Zgxbm` _grc`rbr ui p`z`

_grc`rbr ui p`z`

Gxx`i `ntegig $: lehh`igs jg ngigflme`s Zgxbm` `ntegig $: lehh`igs jg ngigflme`s

Gxx`i `ntegig $= lehh`igs jg ngigflme`s Zgxbm` `ntegig $3 lehh`igs jg ngigflme`s

Gxx`i `ntegig $3 lehh`igs jg ngigflme`s Zgxbm` `ntegig $= lehh`igs jg ngigflme`s

  Gxx`i `ntegig $7 lehh`igs jg ngigflme`s Zgxbm` `ntegig $7 lehh`igs jg ngigflme`s

Gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` y gh negigstbr jg hb s`megjbj Gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` jgsmreng lumdbs setubme`igs jg hb vejb rgbh y lugstrb qug hb m``pgrbmeýi pugjgqug sgr gstb jecìmeh jgjg lbitgigr, eimhus` mubij` ngigcemeb b h`s j`s aufbj`rgs. Gs gvejgitg cbhtb m``pgrbmeýi gs ui pr`nhglb pbrb h`s eitgrgsbj`s gi gstbs setubme`igs. _gr`, °gstb cbhtb jg m``pgrbmeýi gs ui pr`nhglb jgsjg gh puit` jg vestb jg hb s`megjbj0 Hb rgspugstb jgpgijg jg hbs mermuistbimebs. Gi bhfui`s mbs`s, gh gquehenre` sei m``pgrbmeýi gs lbh` tbit` pbrb hb s`megjbj m`l` pbrb h`s aufbj`rgs. Gi gh augf` jg hb mbrrgrb brlblgitestb ehustrbj` gi hb cefurb =, Gstbj`s Wiej`s y hb Wieýi ]`veåtemb bmbnbi gi regsf`. Gi gh augf` jg h`s rgmurs`s m`luigs jg hb cefurb :, h`s p`z`s bjeme`ibhgs pgrc`rbj`s p`r Zgxbm` y Gxx`i s`i eiigmgsbre`s. Gi bln`s mbs`s, hb s`megjbj gstbrìb lga`r se h`s j`s aufbj`rgs bhmbizbrbi gh rgsuhtbj` gi m``pgrbmeýi. Gi m`itrbstg, gi gh mbs` jg h`s `hef`p`hestbs qug trbtbi jg lbitgigr h`s ngigceme`s jg l`i`p`he`, hb cbhtb jg m``pgrbmeýi gs jgsgbnhg jgsjg gh puit` jg vestb jg hb s`megjbj. Gh rgsuhtbj` jg l`i`p`he` gs nugi` pbrb h`s `hef`p`hestbs, pgr` gs lbh` pbrb h`s m`isulej`rgs jgh pr`jumt`. M`l` vel`s gi gh mbpìtuh` 6, hb s`humeýi m`lpgtetevb gs hb lga`r pbrb hb s`megjbj, p`rqug lbxelezb gh gxmgjgitg t`tbh. Mubij` h`s `hef`p`hestbs i` m``pgrbi, hb mbitejbj qug pr`jumgi gstâ lâs mgrmb jgh ievgh ýptel`. _ugst` jg `trb c`rlb, hb lbi` eivesenhg fuìb b h`s lgrmbj`s b jestrenuer h`s rgmurs`s gcemegitglgitg sýh` mubij` h`s lgrmbj`s s`i m`lpgtetev`s, y h`s lgrmbj`s s`i m`lpgtetev`s sýh` mubij` hbs glprgsbs gi gh lgrmbj` i` m``pgrbi uibs m`i hbs `trbs. Jgh lesl` l`j`, m`isejgrg gh mbs` jg ui p`hemìb qug eitgrr`fb b j`s s`spgmd`s`s. Hb cbhtb jg m``pgrbmeýi gitrg h`s s`spgmd`s`s gs jgsgbnhg, yb qug pgrletg b hb p`hemìb m`ijgibr b lâs jgheimugitgs. Gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` gs ui jehglb pbrb h`s prese`igr`s, pgr` pugjg sgr ui gi`rlg ngigceme` pbrb t`j`s h`s jglâs.

_`r quå bhfuibs vgmgs hbs pgrs`ibs m``pgrbi Gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` lugstrb qug hb m``pgrbmeýi gs jecìmeh. _gr`, °gs elp`senhg0 I` t`j`s h`s prese`igr`s, mubij` h`s eitgrr`fb hb p`hemìb, jgmejgi gitrgfbr b sus mýlphemgs. mârtghgs eijevejubhgs bhfuibs vgmgspbrb h`frbi lbitgigr bmugrj`s jg m`huseýi, pgsbr jg h`sH`s eimgitev`s jgsgrtbr. M`i h`s lumdb crgmugimeb h`s aufb-b j`rgs pugjgi rgs`hvgr gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` p`rqug h` augfbi i` uib, sei` vbrebs vgmgs.

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_brb gitgijgr p`r quå gs lâs câmeh qug sg jå hb m``pgrbmeýi gi augf`s rgpgtej`s, rgfrgsgl`s b h`s ju`p`hestbs, Abmk y Aehh, muybs `pme`igs sg prgsgitbr`i gi hb cefurb >.  Abmk y Aehh quesegrbi hhgfbr bh bmugrj` jg lbitgigr gh rgsuhtbj` jg l`i`p`he` gi gh mubh mbjb ui` pr`jumg =? fbh`igs. ]ei glnbrf`, se Abmk y Aehh augfbi gstg augf` sýh` uib vgz, ieifui` jg h`s j`s mugitb m`i bhfñi eimgitev` pbrb lbitgigr gstg bmugrj`. Gh eitgrås pr`pe` h`s eijumg b eimulpher y b ghgfer hb gstrbtgfeb j`leibitg jg :? fbh`igs. Bd`rb sup`ifb qug Abmk y Aehh sbngi qug vbi b aufbr gh lesl` augf` mbjb sglbib. Mubij` hhgfbi bh bmugrj` eiemebh jg lbitgigr hb pr`jummeýi nbab, tblneåi pugjgi gspgmecembr uib jg hbs ei mulphg. eimulphg. _`r:? gaglph`, qug mubij`quå ui`sumgjgrâ jg ghh`s se eimulphb gh pbrtgs bmugrj` y pr`juzmb fbh`igs,p`jrìbi bln`sbm`rjbr pr`jumerâi :? fbh`igs jg bdì gi bjghbitg. Gstg mbstef` gs câmeh jg hhgvbr b mbn`, yb qug se uib jg hbs pbrtgs pr`jumg gi ui ievgh bht`, hb `trb mugitb m`i t`j`s h`s eimgitev`s pbrb dbmgr h` lesl`. Hb blgibzb jg gstg mbstef` pugjg sgr h` ñiem` qug sg igmgsetg pbrb lbitgigr hb m``pgrbmeýi. Mbjb pgrs`ib sbng qug eimulphegij` pugjg bulgitbr sus ngigceme`s jg $24?? b $>???. _gr` gstg ngigceme` jurbrìb sýh` uib sglbib. Jgspuås, h`s ngigceme`s jesleiuerìbi b $23?? y sg lbitgijrìbi gi gstb mbitejbj. ]eglprg qug h`s aufbj`rgs sg prg`mupgi p`r sus eifrgs`s cutur`s, `ptbrâi p`r bnstgigrsg jg eimulpher gh bmugrj` pbrb fbibr lâs gi uib s`hb `mbseýi. Jg gstg l`j`, gi ui augf` rgpgtej` jgh jehglb jgh prese`igr`, h`s j`s aufbj`rgs pugjgi hhgfbr bh rgsuhtbj` gi m``pgrbmeýi.   Mbs` jg gstuje`

Gh t`rig` jgh jehglb jgh prese`igr`

Elbfeig qug gstâ aufbij` gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` m`i uib pgrs`ib b quegi gstâi eitgrr`fbij` gi `trb dbnetbmeýi. Bjglâs, elbfeig qug i` vb b aufbr uib, sei` lumdbs vgmgs. ]u lbrmbj`r bh ceibh jgh augf` sgrâ gh iñlgr` t`tbh jg bò`s gi preseýi. M`l` gs hýfem`, hg fustbrìb qug gh lbrmbj`r cugrb h` lâs pgqugò` p`senhg. °Ruå gstrbtgfeb aufbrìb0 °Glpgzbrìb p`r m`icgsbr ` p`r fubrjbr sehgime`0 °Mýl` bcgmtbrìbi hbs bmme`igs jgh `tr` aufbj`r sus jgmese`igs sunsefuegitgs s`nrg m`icgsbr0 Gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` rgpgtej` gs ui augf` luy m`lphembj`. _brb c`lgitbr hb m``pgrbmeýi, h`s aufbj`rgs jgngi pgibhezbrsg p`r i` m``pgrbr. ]ei glnbrf`, hb gstrbtgfeb jgsmretb bitgs pbrb gh mârtgh jg bfub jg Abmk y Aehh (bnbij`ibr gh bmugrj` pbrb seglprg gi gh l`lgit` gi gh qug gh `tr` aufbj`r h` eimulphb) i` gs luy eijuhfgitg. Gi ui augf` rgpgtej` lumdbs vgmgs, pugjg sgr prgcgrenhg uib gstrbtgfeb qug pgrletb qug h`s aufbj`rgs rgfrgsgi bh rgsuhtbj` gi m``pgrbmeýi jgspuås jg ui pgre`j` jg busgimeb jg m``pgrbmeýi. _brb gitgijgr muâhgs gstrbtgfebs cuime`ibi lga`r, gh megitìcem` p`hìtem` ^`ngrt Bxghr`j mghgnrý ui t`rig`. _brb pbrtemepbr, hbs pgrs`ibs givebnbi pr`frblbs jg m`lputbj`rb jesgòbj`s pbrb aufbr rgpgtejbs vgmgs gh jehglb jgh prese`igr`. Hugf`, mbjb pr`frblb aufbnb gh augf` m`itrb gh rgst` jg h`s pr`frblbs. Gh ‘fbibj`r“ grb gh pr`frblb qug rgmenìb gh lgi`r iñlgr` jg bò`s gi preseýi. Gh fbibj`r bmbný segij` uib selphg gstrbtgfeb hhblbjb quej pr` qu` (t`lb y jbmb). ]gfñi gstb gstrbtgfeb, ui aufbj`r jgng glpgzbr m``pgrbij` y jgspuås dbmgr h` qug gh `tr` aufbj`r dbyb dgmd` hb ñhtelb vgz. Bsì, ui aufbj`r quej pr` qu` m``pgrb dbstb qug gh `tr` aufbj`r jgab jg dbmgrh`; git`imgs jgmejg bnbij`ibr dbstb qug gh `tr`  aufbj`r vughvg b m``pgrbr. Gi `trbs pbhbnrbs, gstb gstrbtgfeb glpegzb segij` blest`sb, pgibhezb b h`s aufbj`rgs d`stehgs y h`s pgrj`ib se vughvgi b sgr blest`s`s. _brb s`rprgsb jg Bxghr`j, gstb gstrbtgfeb selphg tuv` lga`rgs rgsuhtbj`s qug t`jbs hbs jglâs gstrbtgfebs lâs m`lphembjbs qug hg givebr`i. quej pr` qu` tegig uib hbrfb dest`reb. Gi gsgimeb, gs hb gstrbtgfeb Hb gstrbtgfeb  nìnhemb jg ‘`a` p`r `a`, `a`, jegitg p`r jegitg“. Gh Gh t`rig` jgh jehglb jgh jgh prese`igr` eijemb qug åstg pugjg sgr uib nugib rgfhb fgigrbh pbrb aufbr bhfui`s jg h`s augf`s jg hb vejb. ▯

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GTBLGI ^Â_EJ@  ^Â_EJ@  Mugitg hb dest`reb dest`reb jgh jehglb jgh prese`igr`. Ghbn`rg Ghbn`rg uib tbnhb tbnhb qug lugstrg hbs `pme`igs y gxphequg muâh rgsuhtbj` gs pr`nbnhg. °Ruå gisgòb gh jehglb jgh  prese`igr` s`nrg `hef`p`he`s0 

_`hìtemb pñnhemb s`nrg h`s `hef`p`he`s Wi` jg h`s Jegz preimepe`s jg hb gm`i`lìb jgh mbpìtuh` 2 sgòbhb qug h`s f`negri`s pugjgi lga`rbr b vgmgs h`s rgsuhtbj`s jgh lgrmbj`. Gstg preimepe` sg bphemb jergmtblgitg b h`s lgrmbj`s `hef`pýhem`s. M`l` dgl`s vest`, hb m``pgrbmeýi gitrg `hef`p`hestbs gs eijgsgbnhg jgsjg gh puit` jg vestb jg hb s`megjbj p`rqug hhgvb b uib pr`jummeýi luy nbab y prgme`s luy bht`s. _brb bmgrmbr hb jestrenumeýi jg h`s rgmurs`s bh ýptel` s`mebh, h`s jesgòbj`rgs jg p`hìtembs jgngi eijumer b hbs glprgsbs jg ui `hef`p`he` b m`lpgter gi hufbr jg m``pgrbr. M`isejgrgl`s mýl` dbmgi gst` h`s jesgòbj`rgs jg p`hìtembs y jgspuås gxbleibrgl`s hbs m`itr`vgrsebs qug surfgi gi gstb ârgb jg hb p`hìtemb pñnhemb.

^gstremmeýi jgh m`lgrme` y hgygs bitel`i`p`he` Wib c`rlb gi qug hbs p`hìtembs jgsl`tevbi hb m``pgrbmeýi gs lgjebitg hb hgy. I`rlbhlgitg, hb hengrtbj jg m`itrbt` gs pbrtg gsgimebh jg hb gm`i`lìb jg lgrmbj`. Hbs glprgsbs y h`s pbrtemuhbrgs utehezbi m`itrbt`s pbrb bm`rjbr eitgrmblne`s lutublgitg vgitba`s`s. Bh dbmgr gst`, m`icìbi gi gh sestglb aujemebh qug dbmg mulpher h`s m`itrbt`s. ]ei glnbrf`, p`r lumd`s sefh`s, h`s augmgs jg Eifhbtgrrb y Gstbj`s Wiej`s dbi m`isejgrbj` qug h`s bmugrj`s gitrg m`lpgtej`rgs pbrb rgjumer hbs mbitejbjgs g eimrglgitbr h`s prgme`s s`i m`itrbre`s bh negigstbr pñnhem`. _`r tbit`, sg dbi rgdusbj` b dbmgr rgspgtbr gstg tep` jg bmugrj`s. Hb Hgy ]dgrlbi Bitel`i`p`he` jg 245? m`jecemý y rgc`rzý gstb p`hìtemb1 ]g jgmhbrb ehgfbh t`j` m`itrbt`, m`lneibmeýi gi hb c`rlb jg trust ` jg `tr` tep`, ` m`isperbmeýi qug rgstreiab gh eitgrmblne` ` m`lgrme` gitrg h`s jecgrgitgs gstbj`s ` m`i `tr`s pbìsgs. [ . . . \ Z`jb pgrs`ib qug l`i`p`hemg ` eitgitg l`i`p`hezbr, ` sg m`lneig ` m`isperg m`i uib ` vbrebs pgrs`ibs pbrb l`i`p`hezbr mubhquegr pbrtg jgh eitgrmblne` ` m`lgrme` gitrg h`s jecgrgitgs gstbj`s ` m`i `tr`s pbìsgs, sgrâ m`isejgrbjb muhpbnhg jg ui jghet` lgi`r, y mubij` sgb m`ijgibjb p`r gstg jghet`, sgrâ mbstefbjb m`i uib luhtb qug i` sgrâ supgre`r b 7? ??? jýhbrgs ` m`i preseýi i` lby`r b ui bò`, ` m`i h`s j`s mbstef`s bitgre`rlgitg sgòbhbj`s, b mretgre` jgh trenuibh. Hb hgy ]dgrlbi ghgvý h`s bmugrj`s gitrg `hef`p`hestbs jg m`itrbt`s eigxefenhgs b m`isperbmeýi jghemtevb. Hb Hgy Mhbyt`i jg 252: rgc`rzý hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he`. M`i nbsg gi ghhb, se uib pgrs`ib pugjg pr`nbr qug sucreý jbò`s b mbusb jg ui bmugrj` ehgfbh pbrb rgstreifer gh m`lgrme`, pugjg jglbijbr y `ntgigr uib eijgliezbmeýi jg dbstb trgs vgmgs h`s jbò`s y pgraueme`s qug sucreý. Gh pr`pýset` jg gstb rgfhb eiusubh jg trephgs jbò`s y pgraueme`s gs c`lgitbr hbs jglbijbs prevbjbs m`itrb `hef`p`hestbs m`isperbj`rgs. D`y, tbit` gh Jgpbrtblgit` jg Austemeb jg Gstbj`s Wiej`s m`l` h`s pbrtemuhbrgs tegigi hb cbmuhtbj jg prgsgitbr jglbijbs hgfbhgs pbrb dbmgr mulpher hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he`. M`l` gxphembl`s gi gh mbpìtuh` 27, gstbs hgygs sg utehezbi pbrb elpgjer cuse`igs qug pr`v`mbrìbi qug uib s`hb glprgsb tuvegrb p`jgr gxmgsev` gi gh lgrmbj`. Bjglâs, gstbs hgygs servgi pbrb gvetbr qug h`s `hef`p`hestbs bmtñgi m`iauitblgitg jg c`rlbs qug tgifbi m`l` m`isgmugimeb lgrmbj`s lgi`s m`lpgtetev`s.

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  Mbs` jg gstuje`

Wib hhblbjb ehgfbh

Hbs glprgsbs gi ui `hef`p`he` tegigi cugrtgs eimgitev`s pbrb m`hujersg m`i gh cei jg jesleiuer su pr`jummeýi, eimrglgitbr h`s prgme`s y h`s ngigceme`s. Bjbl ]letd, gh frbi gm`i`lestb jgh sefh` 󰁴󰁳󰁥󰁥󰁥, tgiìb phgi` m`i`melegit` jg gstb cbhhb p`tgimebh jgh lgrmbj`. Gi su henr` Hb requgzb jg hbs ibme`igs gsmreneý1 ‘^brb vgz sughgi auitbrsg hbs pgrs`ibs jg hb leslb pr`cgseýi u `ceme` sei qug hb m`ivgrsbmeýi ferg gi t`ri` jg bhfuib m`isperbmeýi m`itrb gh pñnhem` ` jg bhfuib lbqueibmeýi pbrb eimrglgitbr h`s prgme`s“. M`i hb ceibhejbj jg bibhezbr ui gaglph` l`jgri` jg hb `nsgrvbmeýi jg ]letd, m`isejgrg gh sefuegitg crbflgit` jg uib m`ivgrsbmeýi tghgcýiemb gitrg j`s gagmutev`s jg bgr`hìigbs b preimepe`s jg hb jåmbjb jg 254?. Hb hhblbjb sg punhemý gi gh Igw U`rk Zelgs gh >: jg cgnrgr` jg 254=. ^`ngrt Mrbijbhh grb gh prgsejgitg jg Blgrembi Berheigs y D`wbrj _utibl grb gh prgsejgitg jg Nrbiecc Berwbys.   M󰁾󰁢󰁩󰁪󰁢󰁨󰁨1 Mrg` qug gs h` lâs gstñpej` gstñpej` jgh luij`… sgitbrsg bquì b pbrteri`s hb O#$% sei qug ieifui` fbig ui #$%& mgitbv`.   _󰁷󰁺󰁩󰁢󰁬1 °Zegigs bhfuib sufgrgimeb0  M󰁾󰁢󰁩󰁪󰁢󰁨󰁨1 ]ì, tgif` uib sufgrgimeb. Bulgitb >?% tus $%*& tbrecbs. U` bulgitbrå hbs lìbs bh jìb sefuegitg.   _󰁷󰁺󰁩󰁢󰁬1 ^`ngrt, i`s`tr`s… Fbibrâs lâs jeigr` y` tblneåi.  M󰁾󰁢󰁩󰁪󰁢󰁨󰁨1 _󰁷󰁺󰁩󰁢󰁬1 ¡I` p`jgl`s dbnhbr ys`nrg ceabmeýi jg prgme`s!  M󰁾󰁢󰁩󰁪󰁢󰁨󰁨1 ¡Bd qug O#$%, D`wbrj! _`jgl`s _`jgl`s dbnhbr s`nrg mubhquegr &*#O m`sb qug i`s vgifb gi fbib.   _utibl tgiìb rbzýi1 hb Hgy ]dgrlbi Bitel`i`p`he` pr`dìng b gagmutev`s jg glprgsbs m`lpgtej`rbs dbnhbr eimhus` s`nrg ceabr prgme`s. Mubij` _utibl gitrgfý uib frb nbmeýi jg gstb m`ivgrsbmeýi bh Jgpbrtblgit` jg Austemeb, gstg gitbnhý uib jglbijb m`itrb Mrbijbhh. J`s bò`s jgspuås, Mrbijbhh y gh Jgpbrtblgit` jg Austemeb hhgfbr`i b ui bmugrj` gi gh mubh Mrbijbhh bmmgjeý b vbrebs rgstremme`igs gi sus bmtevejbjgs jg igf`me`s, gitrg ghhbs, p`igrsg gi m`itbmt` m`i cuime`ibre`s jg `trbs bgr`hìigbs. Gh Jgpbrtblgit` jg Austemeb lbiecgstý qug h`s tårlei`s jgh bmugrj` ‘pr`tgfgrìbi hb m`lpgtgimeb gi hb eijustreb jg hb bvebmeýi m`lgrmebh, p`rqug elpgjerìbi mubhquegr iugv` eitgit` jggiBlgrembi Mrbijbhh p`r l`i`p`hezbr gh sgrveme` jg trbisp`rtg jg pbsbagr`s mubhquegryrutb lgjebitg jesmuse`igs m`i m`lpgtej`rgs s`nrg h`sbårg` prgme`s jg h`s sgrveme`s jg hbs bgr`hìigbs“.

M`itr`vgrsebs s`nrg hb p`hìtemb bitel`i`p`he` M`i gh teglp`, lumdb jg hb m`itr`vgrseb sg db mgitrbj` gi gh tep` jg m`ijumtb qug jgngi pr`dener hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he`. Hb lby`rìb jg h`s m`lgitbrestbs m`eimejg gi qug h`s pbmt`s gitrg m`lpgtej`rgs pbrb ceabr h`s prgme`s jgngi sgr ehgfbhgs. ]ei glnbrf`, hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he` sg dbi utehezbj` pbrb mgisurbr bhfuibs prâmtembs jg igf`me`s muy`s gcgmt`s i` s`i gvejgitgs. Bquì m`isejgrbl`s trgs gaglph`s. Lbitgigr gh prgme` jg rgvgitb Wi gaglph` jg uib m`itr`vgrtejb prâmtemb jg igf`me`s gs lbitgigr gh prgme` jg rgvgitb. Elbfeig qug ]upgrjupgr Ghgmtr`iems vgijg

rgpr`jumt`rgs jg JSJ b lei`restbs gi $=??. ]e ]upgrjupgr gxefg b h`s lei`restbs qug m`nrgi b sus mhegitgs $=7?, sg jemg qug prbmtemb gh lbitgielegit` jgh prgme` jg rgvgitb. Mubhquegr lei`restb qug m`nrg lgi`s jg $=7? eicreiferìb gh m`itrbt` m`i ]upgrjupgr. Gi ui preimepe`, lbitgigr gh prgme` jg rgvgitb p`jrìb pbrgmgr bitem`lpgtetev` y, p`r tbit`, pgraujemebh pbrb hb s`megjbj. Bh efubh qug ui bmugrj` gitrg h`s leglnr`s

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_B^ZG S 

M@IJWMZB JG HB GL_^G]B U @^FBIEQBMEÝI EIJW]Z^EBH

 

jg ui mârtgh, elpejg qug h`s lei`restbs m`lpetbi gi prgme`. _`r gstb rbzýi, gh sestglb  aujemebh db m`isejgrbj` gi `mbse`igs qug gh lbitgielegit` jgh prgme` jg rgvgitb m`itrbvegig hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he`. I` `nstbitg, bhfui`s gm`i`lestbs jgcegijgi gh lbitgielegit` jgh prgme` jg rgvgitb p`r j`s rbz`igs. _relgrb, iegfbi qug tgifb gh pr`pýset` jg rgjumer hb m`lpgtgimeb. Gi hb lgjejb gi qug ]upgrjupgr Ghgmtr`iems tgifb bhfñi p`jgr jg lgrmbj`, pugjg gagrmgr gsg p`jgr b trbvås jgh prgme` jg lby`rg` gi hufbr jg b trbvås jgh lbitgielegit` jgh prgme` jg rgvgitb. Bjglâs, ]upgrjupgr i` tegig ieifñi eimgitev` pbrb jgsbhgitbr hb m`lpgtgimeb gitrg h`s lei`restbs. Gcgmtevblgitg, jgnej` b qug ui mârtgh jg i` lei`restbs vgijg qug ui frup` ]upgrjupgr hg m`ivegig quglgi`s sus lei`restbs c`rlgijguilei`restbs mârtgh. m`lpgtetev`s, b ]gfuijb, h`s gm`i`lestbs mrggi qug gh lbitgielegit` jgh prgme` jg rgvgitb tegig ui `nagtev` hgfìtel`. ]upgrjupgr pugjg qugrgr qug sus lei`restbs `crgzmbi b sus mhegitgs uib tegijb bfrbjbnhg y vgijgj`rgs eic`rlbj`s. ]ei glnbrf`, sei gh lbitgielegit` jgh prgme` jg rgvgitb, bhfui`s mhegitgs bpr`vgmdbrìbi gh sgrveme` jg uib tegijb pbrb gitgrbrsg jg hbs mbrbmtgrìstembs gspgmebhgs jgh rgpr`jumt`r jg JSJ y jgspuås m`lprbr gh brtìmuh` gi uib tegijb jg jgsmugit` qug i` `crgmg gstg tep` jg sgrveme`. Gi megrtb c`rlb, gh nugi sgrveme` gs ui negi pñnhem` gitrg h`s lei`restbs qug vgijgi h`s pr`jumt`s ]upgrjupgr. M`l` gxphembl`s gi gh mbpìtuh` 22, mubij` uib pgrs`ib `crgmg ui negi pñnhem`, `tr`s h` jescrutbi sei pbfbrh`. Gi gstg mbs`, hbs tegijbs jg jgsmugit` bpr`vgmdbrìbi gh sgrveme` qug suleiestrbi `tr`s lei`restbs, h` qug pr`jumerìb uib mbhejbj gi gh sgrveme` lgi`r qug hb jgsgbnhg. Gh lbitgielegit` jgh prgme` jg rgvgitb gs uib c`rlb gi qug ]upgrjupgr pugjg rgs`hvgr gh pr`nhglb jghGhpbrâset` gaglph`(crgg-rejgr). jgh lbitgielegit` jgh prgme` jg rgvgitb ehustrb ui preimepe` elp`rtbitg1 hbs prâmtembs jg igf`me`s qug pbrgmgi rgjumer hb m`lpgtgimeb pugjgi tgigr, jg dgmd`,  pr`pýset`s hgfìtel`s. Gstg preimepe` dbmg qug hb bphembmeýi jg hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he` sgb lumd` lâs jecìmeh. H`s gm`i`lestbs, bn`fbj`s y augmgs b mbrf` jg dbmgr rgspgtbr gstbs hgygs tegigi qug jgtgrleibr h`s tep`s jg m`ijumtb qug jgng pr`dener hb p`hìtemb pñnhemb p`r elpgjer hb m`lpgtgimeb y rgjumer gh negigstbr gm`iýlem`. Gstg trbnba` i` sughg sgr câmeh. Hbs glprgsbs m`i p`jgr jg lgrmbj` i`rlbhlgitg usbi gsg p`jgr pbrb eimrglgitbr h`s prgme`s p`r gimelb jgh ievgh m`lpgtetev`. _gr`, °h`s jesgòbj`rgs jg p`hìtembs jgngi prg`mupbrsg jg qug hbs glprgsbs m`i p`jgr jg lgrmbj` ceagi prgme`s luy nba`s0 Gstb prgfuitb gstâ gi gh mgitr` jg ui sgfuij` jgnbtg s`nrg hb p`hìtemb bitel`i`pýhemb. Elbfeig qug uib bgr`hìigb frbijg hhblbjb M`y`tg Ber tegig gh l`i`p`he` jg megrtb rutb. Git`imgs ^`bjruiigr Gxprgss gitrb y sg qugjb m`i >?% jgh lgrmbj`, jgabij` b M`y`tg m`i 4?%. Gi rgspugstb b gstb m`lpgtgimeb, M`y`tg glpegzb b rgjumer jrâstemblgitg sus prgme`s. Bhfui`s bibhestbs bitel`i`p`he` s`stegigi qug h` qug dez` M`y`tg pugjg sgr bitem`lpgtetev`1 hbs rgjumme`igs jg h`s prgme`s pugjgi tgigr hb eitgimeýi jg `nhefbr b ^`bjruiigr b sbher jgh lgrmbj` y bsì M`y`tg rgmupgrbrìb su l`i`p`he` y bulgitbrìb iugvblgitg h`s prgme`s. B gstg tep` jg m`ijumtb sg hg m`i`mg m`l` ceabmeýi jg prgme`s jgprgjbt`reb. Buiqug hb ceabmeýi jg prgme`s jgprgjbt`reb gs ui brfulgit` m`lñi gi hbs jglbijbs bitel`i`p`he`, bhfui`s gm`i`lestbs vgi m`i gsmgptemesl` gstg brfulgit` y m`isejgrbi qug gh us` jg prgme`s jgprgjbt`re`s rbrb vgz, ` quezâ iuimb, gs uib gstrbtgfeb jg igf`me`s rgjetubnhg. °_`r quå0 _brb qug uib fugrrb jg prgme`s dbfb sbher b ui revbh jgh lgrmbj`, h`s prgme`s tegigi qug gstbr p`r jgnba` jgh m`st`. I` `nstbitg, se M`y`tg glpegzb pgrjgr jeigr` p`r vgijgr n`hgt`s nbrbt`s, lâs hg vbhg gstbr prgpbrbj` pbrb v`hbr lâs bve`igs, yb qug hbs tbrecbs nbabs btrbgrâi lâs mhegitgs. Legitrbs tbit`, ^`bjruiigr pugjg rgsp`ijgr b hb lgjejb jgprgjbt`reb jg M`y`tg jesleiuygij` su iñlgr` jg vugh`s. M`l` rgsuhtbj`, M`y`tg bmbnb rgfestrbij` lâs jg 4?% jg hbs pårjejbs, h` qug m`h`mb b ^`bjruiigr gi uib nugib p`semeýi pbrb s`nrgvever b Ceabmeýi jg prgme`s jgprgjbt`reb

www rggHenr`s `rf

MB_ÌZWH@ 26

@HEF@_@HE@

=37

 

gstb fugrrb jg prgme`s. M`l` gi hbs vegabs mbrembturbs jgh M`y`tg y gh M`rrgmblei`s, gh jgprgjbj`r sucrg lâs qug hb prgsb. H`s gm`i`lestbs m`iteiñbi jgnbtegij` se hb ceabmeýi jg prgme`s jgprgjbt`reb jgng sgr l`tev` jg prg`mupbmeýi pbrb h`s jesgòbj`rgs jg p`hìtembs bitel`i`p`he`. Sbrebs prgfuitbs m`iteiñbi sei rgspugstb. °Hb ceabmeýi jg prgme`s jgprgjbt`reb gs bhfuib vgz uib gstrbtgfeb jg igf`me`s rgjetubnhg0 Jg sgr bsì, °muâij`0 °Gh sestglb aujemebh gs mbpbz jg jesteifuer muâhgs rgjumme`igs jg prgme` s`i m`lpgtetevbs y, p`r tbit`,  ngigcemebi b h`s m`isulej`rgs y muâhgs s`i jgprgjbt`rebs0 I` gxestgi rgspugstbs sgimehhbs. _r`jumt`s btbj`s Wi tgrmgr gaglph` jg prâmtemb jg igf`me`s m`itr`vgrtejb gs gh jg h`s  pr`jumt`s btbj`s. ]up`ifb qug Lbkgl`igy L`vegs  pr`jumg j`s iugvbs pghìmuhbs1 Er`ilbi y  Dblhgt. ]e Lbkgl`igy `crgmg b h`s meigs gstbs j`s pghìmuhbs

 auitbs b ui s`h` prgme`, gi vgz vgz jg `crgmgrhbs p`r sgpbrbj`, sgpbrbj`, sg jemg qug gh gh gstuje` gstâ btbij` gst`s j`s pr`jumt`s. Mubij` hb prâmtemb jg btbr pghìmuhbs sg s`lgteý b aueme` gi h`s trenuibhgs, hb M`rtg ]uprglb jg Austemeb jg Gstbj`s Wiej`s hb pr`deneý. Gh lâxel` trenuibh rbz`iý jg hb sefuegitg c`rlb1 elbfeig qug Er`ilbi gs ui åxet` jg tbquehhb, legitrbs qug  Dblhgt gs uib pghìmuhb jg brtg m`i p`m`s ngigceme`s. Git`imgs gh gstuje` p`jrìb usbr hb bhtb jglbijb jg Er`ilbi pbrb `nhefbr b h`s meigs b m`lprbr Dblhgt. _brgmgrìb qug gh gstuje` btb sus pr`jumt`s m`l` lgmbiesl` pbrb blphebr su p`jgr jg lgrmbj`. Lumd`s gm`i`lestbs vgi m`i gsmgptemesl` gstg brfulgit`. Elbfeig qug h`s meigs gstâi jespugst`s b pbfbr $>? ??? p`r Er`ilbi y ibjb p`r Dblhgt. Git`imgs h` lâs qug ui meig gstbrìb jespugst` b pbfbr p`r hbs j`s pghìmuhbs auitbs sgrìb $>? ??? (hb leslb mbitejbj qug pbfbrìb sýh` p`r Er`ilbi). @nhefbr b h`s meigs b bmgptbr uib pghìmuhb sei ieifñi vbh`r l`igtbre` m`l` pbrtg jgh trbt` i` bulgitb hb jesp`semeýi b pbfbr jgh meig. Lbkgl`igy i` pugjg bulgitbr su p`jgr jg lgrmbj` selphglgitg btbij` gstbs j`s pghìmuhbs. °_`r quå, git`imgs, gxestgi h`s pr`jumt`s btbj`s0 Wib p`senehejbj gs qug gs uib c`rlb jg jesmreleibmeýi jg prgme`s. ]up`ifb qug dby j`s meigs. Mety Zdgbtgr gstâ jespugst` b pbfbr $27 ??? p`r Er`ilbi y $7??? p`r  Dblhgt. M`uitry Zdgbtgr gs  aust` h` m`itrbre`1 gstâ jespugst` b pbfbr $7??? p`r Er`ilbi y $27 ??? p`r  Dblhgt. ]e Lbkgl`igy ceab prgme`s sgpbrbj`s p`r hbs j`s pghìmuhbs, su lga`r gstrbtgfeb gs m`nrbr $27 ??? p`r mbjb pghìmuhb y bsì mbjb meig jgmejg pr`ygmtbr sýh` uib pghìmuhb. ]ei glnbrf`, se Lbkgl`igy `crgmg hbs j`s pghìmuhbs gi pbqugtg, pugjg m`nrbr b mbjb meig $>? ??? p`r hbs pghìmuhbs. _`r m`isefuegitg, se mbjb meig vbh`rb hbs pghìmuhbs jg l`j` jesteit`, h`s pr`jumt`s btbj`s pgrletgi bh gstuje` bulgitbr sus ngigceme`s, p`rqug gstbnhgmgrìbi ui prgme` m`lneibj` mgrmbi` b hb jesp`semeýi t`tbh b pbfbr jg h`sBtbr m`lprbj`rgs. pr`jumt`s m`iteiñb segij` uib prâmtemb jg igf`me`s p`hålemb. Gh brfulgit` jg hb M`rtg ]uprglb jg qug btbr pr`jumt`s pgrletg b hbs glprgsbs bulgitbr su p`jgr jg lgrmbj` y gxtgijgrh` b `tr`s negigs i` gstâ negi cuijblgitbj`, bh lgi`s gi su c`rlb lâs selphg. ]ei glnbrf`, h`s gm`i`lestbs dbi pr`pugst` tg`rìbs lâs ghbn`rbjbs s`nrg mýl` btbr pr`jumt`s pugjg elpgjer hb m`lpgtgimeb. Jbj` iugstr` m`i`melegit` gm`iýlem` bmtubh, i` sg sbng m`i mgrtgzb se btbr pr`jumt`s tegig gcgmt`s igfbtev`s s`nrg hb s`megjbj gi su m`iauit`.   Mbs` jg gstuje`

Gh mbs` jg Lemr`s`ct

Gh lâs elp`rtbitg y m`itr`vgrtej` mbs` jg l`i`p`he` gi h`s ñhtel`s bò`s db sej` hb jglbijb jgh f`negri` jg Gstbj`s Wiej`s m`itrb Lemr`s`ct M`rp`rbte`i, prgsgitbjb gi 2554. Megrtblgitg, b gstg mbs` i` hg db cbhtbj` jrblbtesl`. Gicrgitý b ui` jg h`s d`lnrgs lâs rem`s jgh luij` (Nehh Fbtgs) m`itrb uib jg hbs bfgimebs rgfuhbt`rebs lâs p`jgr`sbs jgh luij` (gh Jgpbrtblgit` jg Austemeb jg Gstbj`s Wiej`s). Wi pr`leigitg gm`i`lestb (gh pr`cgs`r Crbikhei Cesdgr jgh LEZ) tgstecemý

www rggHenr`s `rf

=33

_B^ZG S 

M@IJWMZB JG HB GL_^G]B U @^FBIEQBMEÝI EIJW]Z^EBH

 

b cbv`r jgh f`negri`. @tr` gm`i`lestb efubhlgitg pr`leigitg (gh pr`cgs`r ^emdbrj ]mdlbhbisgg, tblneåi jgh LEZ) tgstecemý b cbv`r jg Lemr`s`ct. ]g gim`itrbnb gi augf` gh cutur` jg uib jg hbs glprgsbs lâs vbhe`sbs jgh luij` (Lemr`s`ct) gi uib jg hbs eijustrebs jg lâs râpej` mrgmelegit` gi hb gm`i`lìb (s`ctwbrg jg m`lputbj`rb). Wi tglb mgitrbh gi gh mbs` jg Lemr`s`ct tgiìb qug vgr m`i h`s pr`jumt`s btbj`s, gi gspgmìcem`, se sg jgnìb pgrleter b Lemr`s`ct eitgfrbr su ibvgfbj`r jg Eitgrigt b su sestglb `pgrbtev` Veij`ws. Gh f`negri` bcerlý qug Lemr`s`ct btbnb gst`s j`s pr`jumt`s pbrb gxpbijer su p`jgr jg lgrmbj` gi h`s sestglbs `pgrbtev`s jg m`lputbj`rb bh lgrmbj` jg ibvgfbj`rgs jg Eitgrigt. Gh f`negri` s`stuv` qug pgrleter b Lemr`s`ct eim`rp`rbr gst`s pr`jumt`s gi ysu`crgmegrbi sestglb `pgrbtev` elpgjerìb qug `trbs glprgsbs jg s`ctwbrg gitrbrbi bh lgrmbj` iugv`s pr`jumt`s. Lemr`s`ct rgsp`ijeý jemegij` qug eitgfrbr iugvbs mbrbmtgrìstembs b pr`jumt`s gxestgitgs grb pbrtg ibturbh jgh pr`frgs` tgmi`hýfem`. H`s but`lývehgs eimhuygi d`y rgpr`jumt`rgs jg MJ y berg bm`ijeme`ibj`, h`s mubhgs bhfuib vgz sg vgijegr`i p`r sgpbrbj`, y hbs mâlbrbs vegigi gquepbjbs m`i chbsdgs eitgfrbj`s. H` lesl` gs vâhej` pbrb h`s sestglbs `pgrbtev`s. B trbvås jg h`s bò`s, Lemr`s`ct db bfrgfbj` lumdbs mbrbmtgrìstembs b Veij`ws qug bitgre`rlgitg grbi pr`jumt`s qug sg vgijìbi p`r sgpbrbj`. Gst` db dgmd` qug hbs m`lputbj`rbs sgbi lâs m`icebnhgs y câmehgs jg usbr, p`rqug h`s m`isulej`rgs pugjgi gstbr sgfur`s jg qug hbs pbrtgs cuime`ibi auitbs. Hb eitgfrbmeýi jg hb tgmi`h`fìb jg Eitgrigt, brfulgitý Lemr`s`ct, grb gh sefuegitg pbs` ibturbh. Wi puit` jg jgsbmugrj` ferbnb gi t`ri` jgh p`jgr jg lgrmbj` jg Lemr`s`ct. Gh f`negri` sgòbhý qug lâs jg 4?% jg hbs iugvbs m`lputbj`rbs pgrs`ibhgs usbi gh sestglb `pgrbtev` Lemr`s`ct y qug, gsg dgmd`, hb glprgsb tgiìbqug lumd` p`jgr l`i`pýhem`, gh mubhjggstbnb trbtbij` jgp`r blphebr. Lemr`s`ct rgsp`ijeý gh lgrmbj` jgh s`ctwbrg jg m`lputbj`rb mblnebnb m`istbitglgitg y qug su sestglb `pgrbtev` Veij`ws gicrgitbnb hb m`lpgtgimeb cgr`z jg `tr`s sestglbs `pgrbtev`s, m`l` Lbm jg Bpphg y Heiux. Zblneåi s`stuv` qug gh nba` prgme` qug gstbnhgmìb p`r Veij`ws (bpr`xelbjblgitg 7? jýhbrgs ` sýh` =% jgh prgme` jg uib m`lputbj`rb tìpemb) grb hb prugnb jg qug su p`jgr jg lgrmbj` gstbnb sgreblgitg heletbj`. M`l` lumdbs jglbijbs bitel`i`p`he` elp`rtbitgs, gh mbs` jg Lemr`s`ct sg m`iverteý gi ui bt`hhbjgr` aurìjem`. Gi i`veglnrg jg 2555, jgspuås jg ui hbrf`  aueme`, gh augz _giceghj Abmks`i jemtbleiý qug Lemr`s`ct tgiìb frbi p`jgr l`i`pýhem` y qug dbnìb bnusbj` ehgfbhlgitg jg su p`jgr. Gi auie` jg >???, jgspuås jg hbs bujegimebs s`nrg hbs p`senhgs s`hume`igs, `rjgiý qug Lemr`s`ct sg jevejegrb gi j`s glprgsbs (uib qug vgijegrb gh sestglb `pgrbtev` y `trb qug vgijegrb gh s`ctwbrg jg bphembme`igs). Wi bò` jgspuås, ui trenuibh jg bpghbme`igs rgv`mý hb `rjgi jg jeveseýi gletejb p`r Abmks`i y bsefiý gh mbs` b ui iugv` augz. Gi sgpteglnrg jg >??2, gh Jgpbrtblgit` jg Austemeb biuimeý qug yb i` nusmbnb qug hb glprgsb sg jevejegrb y qug qugrìb rgs`hvgr gh mbs` h` lâs râpej` p`senhg. _`r cei sg hhgfý b ui bmugrj` gi i`veglnrg jg >??>. Lemr`s`ct bmgptý bhfuibs rgstremme`igs gi sus prâmtembs jg igf`me`s y gh f`negri` bmgptý qug gh ibvgfbj`r sefuegrb segij` pbrtg jgh sestglb `pgrbtev` Veij`ws. _gr` gh bmugrj` i` bmbný m`i h`s pr`nhglbs bitel`i`p`he` jg Lemr`s`ct. Gi bò`s rgmegitgs, hb glprgsb db gicrgitbj` vbrebs jglbijbs prevbjbs bitel`i`p`he`, bsì m`l` jglbijbs eitgrpugstbs p`r hb Wieýi Gur`pgb gi hbs qug sg db bmusbj` b hb glprgsb jg jevgrsbs m`ijumtbs bitem`lpgtetevbs. GTBLGI ^Â_EJ@  ^Â_EJ@  °Ruå tep` jg bmugrj` gs ehgfbh qug dbfbi hbs glprgsbs0 glprgsbs0 • °_`r quå  s`i tbi p`hålembs hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he`0 

M`imhuseýi

www rggHenr`s `rf H`s `hef`p`he`s quesegrbi bmtubr m`l` l`i`p`he`s, pgr` gh eitgrås pr`pe` h`s hhgvb b hb m`lpgtgimeb. Jýijg bmbngi h`s `hef`p`he`s gi gstg gspgmtr` jgpgijg jgh iñlgr`

MB_ÌZWH@ 26

@HEF@_@HE@

=36

 

gi hbs i`temebs  °Gh prýxel` nhbim` bitel`i`p`he` elp`rtbitg0  F``fhg l`t`r jg jg h`s nñsqugjb jg jgh us`f`negri` fgigrbhezbj`, tbit` qug, jg dgmd`, db hhblbj`gshbui btgimeýi bn`fbj`s

F``fhg bsgfurb qug gi rgbhejbj gs luy pgqugòb AGCC D@^VEZQ

Z

rgs vgmgs gi gh ñhtel` lgs, vbrebs jgpgijgimebs fungriblgitbhgs dbi mgitrbj` sus rgvese`igs bitel`i`p`he` gi F``fhg. Gi uib jglbijb prevbjb i`tbnhg sg bhgfb qug F``fhg

   ]    G    F    B    L    E    U    Z    Z    G    F    /    _    C    B    /    L    L    B    K    ]    B    H    @    D    M    E    I    ©

usý prgme`s jgprgjbt`reb pbrb trbtbrhbjgceabmeýi bmbnbrjgm`i ui l`t`r jg nñsqugjb jg igf`me` b igf`me`. Bjglâs, gi h`s ñhtel`s lgsgs jg hb bjleiestrbmeýi Nusd, Mdresteig Sbrigy, qug pr`it` sgrìb hb agcb bitel`i`p`he` jgh prgsejgitg @nblb, jgmhbrý qug F``fhg ‘db bjquerej` ui l`i`p`he` gi hb punhemejbj jg Eitgrigt“. Gh lgs pbsbj` bsgfurý qug hb bjleiestrbmeýi Nusd dbnìb sej` jglbsebj` hbxb gi gh m`lnbtg b hb m`ijumtb l`i`p`hìstemb y qug gh Jgpbrtblgit` jg Austemeb jg @nblb ‘i` sg qugjbrìb bh lbrfgi“. Gs` gxphemb p`r quå Jbib Vbfigr, uib bn`fbjb bitel`i`p`he` qug bitgre`rlgitg trbnbaý gi gh Jgpbrtblgit` jg Austemeb y qug F``fhg m`itrbtý bpgibs gh bò` pbsbj`, sg gstâ m`ivertegij` râpejblgitg gi ui` jg h`s r`str`s pñnhem`s jg hb glprgsb. Auit` m`i Bjbl K`vbmgvemd, p`rtbv`z jg p`hìtemb pñnhemb jg hb glprgsb, Vbfigr db s`stgiej` m`ivgrsbme`igs m`i mhegitgs jg punhemejbj, cuime`ibre`s pñnhem`s, rgp`rtgr`s y bmbjålem`s gi ui gscugrz` p`r jehuer hb elprgseýi jg qug F``fhg tegig pr`nhglbs hgfbhgs jg m`lpgtgimeb. M`l` grb jg gspgrbr, hb prgsgitbmeýi jg F``fhg jgstbmb hbs iulgr`sbs nugibs `nrbs qug hb glprgsb hhgvb b mbn` y su ceh`s`cìb m`rp`rbtevb jg ‘i` sgr lbhb“. ]ei glnbrf`, gxestg

`tr` ghglgit` qug m`istetuyg hb pbrtg lgjuhbr jg hb prgsgitbmeýi1 sgfñi Vbrigr y K`vbmgvemd, su glprgsb sýh` tegig uib pbrtemepbmeýi jg >.33% jg su lgrmbj` t`tbh. ]e gsb mecrb pbrgmg jglbsebj` nbab pbrb hb glprgsb qug db bhmbizbj` ui åxet` eielbfeibnhg gi hb grb jg Eitgrigt, F``fhg quegrg dbmgri`s mrggr qug gs sýh` mugsteýi jg jgceiemeýi jgh lgrmbj`. F``fhg rgmdbzb hb ejgb qug sg jgjemb bh igf`me` jg hb punhemejbj gi nñsqugjbs gi Eitgrigt, eijustreb gi hb qug tegig uib pbrteme-

bjybmgitgs, se jg vgrjbj gicrgitbrb m`lpgtgimeb sgreb. M`l` gh pr`pe` Vbfigr sgòbhb, i` gs eituetev` brfulgitbr qug gh lgrmbj` jg F``fhg vb lumd` lâs bhhâ jg hb punhemejbj gi hbs nñsqugjbs. Mubij` gi hb jåmbjb jg 255? Lemr`s`ct trbtý jg brfulgitbr qug i` tgiìb ui l`i`p`he`, lumd`s pgisbr`i qug gsb gstrbtgfeb grb depýmretb g eivgr`sìleh. ]ei glnbrf`, gh bsuit` phbitgb hb prgfuitb1 ‘°pbrb quå l`hgstbrsg0“ I` dby hgy qug pr`dìnb bphbstbr b h`s m`lpgtej`rgs jg

pbmeýi jg lâs jg 6?% jg h`s eifrgs`s t`tbhgs. Gi mblne`, hb glprgsb bcerlb qug su m`lpg-

igf`me`s. Jgsjggihbghjgmeseýi augz Hgbrigj Dbij mbs` jgdestýremb Gstbj`sjgh Wiej`s m`itrb Bhuleiul M`. `c Blgremb, dbmg 3: bò`s, h`s trenuibhgs dbi rgm`i`mej` qug, gi megrtbs mermuistbimebs, uib glprgsb pugjg hhgfbr b j`leibr su mblp` frbmebs b su ‘dbnehejbj supgre`r, prgveseýi y jehefgimeb“. Gs jecìmeh i` pgisbr gi F``fhg m`l` gaglph` y l`jgh` jg uib glprgsb bsì. Bjglâs, ibjeg db prgsgitbj` brfulgit`s gspgmebhlgitg sýhej`s bmgrmb jg qug hb glprgsb db s`c`mbj` b `trbs . . . Bui bsì, F``fhg tegig rbzýi gi tglgr qug sg hg pgrmenb m`l` glprgsb j`leibitg, buiqug sgb ngiefib. ]ýh` dby qug prgfuitbrhg b Fbry ^gnbmk, bn`fbj` jg Mbrr & Cgrrghh qug tbit` eichuyý pbrb gijehfbrhg hb m`ijemeýi jg l`i`p`he` b Lemr`s`ct gi hb jåmbjb jg 255?. Buiqug hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he` jg Gstbj`s Wiej`s prgvåi hb gxestgimeb jg l`i`p`he`s bjquerej`s austblgitg, gs luy rbr` qug uib glprgsb qug f`zb jg tbitb i`t`regjbj jescrutg gi pbz jg gsb m`ijemeýi. M`l` bhfuib vgz m`lgitý ^gnbmk, gh phbitgblegit` trbjeme`ibh jgh f`negri` db sej`1 ‘I` tg mbstefbl`s p`r sgr gxet`s`. _gr` se grgs l`i`p`hestb y gsmupgs gi hb bmgrb, jevejergl`s tu glprgsb“.

tgimeb gs t`jb hb punhemejbj, uib mbtgf`rìb tbi blpheb qug eimhuyg pgreýjem`s, rbje` y vbhhbs gspgmtbmuhbrgs gi but`pestbs. Gh brfulgit` jg F``fhg i` sg heletb selphglgitg b sgòbhbr qug i` gs ui nrbvumýi frbijg. ]e dgl`s jg mrggrhg b hb glprgsb, ie sequegrb gs tbi frbijg . . . B prelgrb vestb, pbrgmg uib p`sturb luy jecìmeh jg jgcgijgr. Dby uib lbrmbjb jecgrgimeb gitrg mýl` hb glprgsb utehezb hbs dgrrblegitbs jgh lgrmbj` lbsev`, m`l` hbs vbhhbs punhemetbrebs gi gxtgre`rgs, y mýl` utehezb hb punhemejbj nbsbjb gi nñsqugjbs gi Eitgrigt, qug gstâ jerefejb b m`isulej`rgs qug gstâi lumd` lâs mgrmb jgh puit` jg vgitb. Bui se i`s m`ivgimg gh brfulgit` jg F``fhg sgfñi gh mubh hb tgmi`h`fìb db jgsjenuabj` hb hìigb jeves`reb gitrg h`s lgje`s, gs luy jecìmeh gxphembr mýl` hb glprgsb p`jrìb lbitgigr ui lbrfgi jg `pgrbmeýi jg =?%, b pgsbr jg dbngr jgsgln`hsbj` y pgrjej` jeigr` gi uib luhtetuj jg mblp`s

www rggHenr`s `rf Cugitg1  Vbsdeift`i _`st , 6 jg auie` jg >??5.

 

=34

_B^ZG S 

M@IJWMZB JG HB GL_^G]B U @^FBIEQBMEÝI EIJW]Z^EBH

 

jg glprgsbs qug dbyb gi gh `hef`p`he` y gh frbj` jg m``pgrbmeýi jg hbs glprgsbs. Hb dest`reb jgh jehglb jgh prese`igr` lugstrb p`r quå h`s `hef`p`he`s i` pugjgi lbitgigr hb m``pgrbmeýi, eimhus` mubij` åstb h`s ngigcemeb. H`s jesgòbj`rgs jg p`hìtembs rgfuhbi hb m`ijumtb jg h`s `hef`p`hestbs m`i hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he`. Gh âlnet` jg gstbs hgygs gstâ suagt` b lumdbs m`itr`vgrsebs. Buiqug gs gvejgitg qug hb ceabmeýi jg prgme`s gitrg glprgsbs qug m`lpetgi rgjumg gh negigstbr gm`iýlem` y jgng sgr ehgfbh, bhfuibs prâmtembs jg igf`me`s qug jbi hb elprgseýi jg rgjumer hb m`lpgtgimeb pugjgi tgigr pr`pýset`s hgfìtel`s, buiqug sutehgs. M`l` rgsuhtbj`, h`s jesgòbj`rgs jg p`hìtembs jgngi sgr muejbj`s`s mubij` usbi h`s gi`rlgs p`jgrgs jg hbs hgygs bitel`i`p`he` pbrb gstbnhgmgr hìletgs b hb m`ijumtb jg hbs glprgsbs.

^G]WLGI

• H`s `hef`p`hestbs lbxelezbi sus ngigceme`s t`tb-

hgs mubij` c`rlbi ui mârtgh y bmtñbi m`l` l`i`p`hestbs. ]ei glnbrf`, se h`s `hef`p`hestbs t`lbi jgmese`igs eijevejubhlgitg s`nrg h`s ievghgs jg

vgitba`sb. Hb hýfemb jgh jehglb jgh prese`igr` sg bphemb gi lumdbs setubme`igs, gitrg ghhbs, hb mbrrgrb brlblgitestb, gh pr`nhglb jg h`s rgmurs`s m`luigs y h`s `hef`p`he`s.

pr`jummeýi, gh rgsuhtbj` lby`r mbitejbj jesgòbj`rgs jg p`hìtembs utehezbi hbs hgygs ui lgi`r prgme` qug gi gs uiuib l`i`p`he`. Legitrbsy • H`s bitel`i`p`he` pbrb gvetbr qug h`s `hef`p`he`s lâs glprgsbs m`ic`rlgi gh `hef`p`he`, lâs sg prbmtequgi m`ijumtbs qug jesleiuygi hb m`lbmgrmbrâi hb mbitejbj y gh prgme` b h`s ievghgs qug pgtgimeb. Hb bphembmeýi jg gstbs hgygs gs m`iprgj`leibi gi hb m`lpgtgimeb pgrcgmtb. tr`vgrtejb, p`rqug megrtbs m`ijumtbs qug jbi •  Gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` lugstrb qug gh eitghb elprgseýi jg rgjumer hb m`lpgtgimeb pugjgi rås pr`pe` elpejg qug hbs pgrs`ibs m``pgrgi, tgigr, jg dgmd`, pr`pýset`s hgfìtel`s jg igf`eimhus` mubij` hb m``pgrbmeýi gs lutublgitg me`s. e`s.

M@IMG_Z@] MHBSG @hef`p`he`, p. =:5 Zg`rìb jg augf`s, p. =:5 M`huseýi, p. =72

Mârtgh, p. =72 Gquehenre` jg Ibsd,  p. =7=

Jehglb jgh prese`igr`, p. =77 Gstrbtgfeb j`leibitg, p. =73

_^GFWIZB] JG ^G_B]@   2. ]e ui frup` jg vgijgj`rgs vgijgj`rgs pujegrb pujegrb c`rlbr c`rlbr ui mârtgh, °quå mbitejbj y prgme` trbtbrìb jg gstbnhgmgr0   >. M`lpbrg hb mbitejbj y prgme` jg jg ui `hef`p`he` `hef`p `hef`p`he` `he` m`i h`s jg ui l`i`p`he`.   =. M`lpbrg hb mbitejbj y prgme` jg jg ui `hef`p`he` `hef`p `hef`p`he` `he`

  7. °Ruå gs gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` prese`igr` y quå tegig qug vgr m`i ui `hef`p`he`0   3. _r`p`rme`ig j`s gaglph`s, gaglph`s, bjglâs bjglâs jgh jgh `hef`p`he`, qug jglugstrgi mýl` byujb gh jehglb jgh prese`igr` b gxphembr hb m`ijumtb.   6. °Ruå tep` jg m`ijumtb m`ijumtb pr`dìngi hbs hgygs bite-

h`s jg ui lgrmbj`   :. m`i °Mýl` bcgmtb gh iñlgr` iñlgr`m`lpgtetev`. jg glprgsbs glprgsbs qug qug c`rlbi ui `hef`p`he` gh rgsuhtbj` jgh lgrmbj`0

  4. l`i`p`he`0 °Ruå gs gh lbitgielegit` jgh prgme` prgme` jg rgvgitb y p`r quå gs m`itr`vgrtej`0

www rggHenr`s `rf