Learn Quranic Arabic Grammar Class Notes 20110513
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LEARN QUR’ANIC ARABIC – CLASS NOTES
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
“Learn Qur’anic Arabic” was taught by Imam Dr. Yusuf Ziya Kavakci multiple times at Islamic Association of North Texas (IANT). Through only around 30-40 hours teaching, Imam Yusuf’s class helps the students wonderfully to understand the overall picture of Qur’anic Arabic grammar, and most of commonly used grammar phenomena appear in the Qur’an. The teaching is also organized in a systematical way which helps students to memorize what they learn. Imam Yusuf’s teaching leads students to start tasting and enjoying the beauty and accuracy of Qur’anic Arabic and, more important, the beauty and profound meaning of the Holly Qur’an. May Allah (SWT) reward him, his family, and his teachers the best for his many years efforts and patience to spread Islamic knowledge. Ameen. You can find related class videos and notes at: http://iant.com/lqindex.php
Copyright © 2011 All rights reserved
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Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
Contents LEARN QUR’ANIC ARABIC – CLASS NOTES ............................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 Morphology ( ) ............................................................................................................ 5
1.1 Pronouns ( ) ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Patterns ( ) of Arabic Verbs ........................................................................................................ 6 1.3 Verb Conjugation on Tense ........................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Verb Conjugation on Past Tense Active Form ............................................................................... 8 1.5 Verb Conjugation on Past Tense Passive Form ........................................................................... 11 1.6 Verb Conjugation on Present / Present Continuous Tense Active Form ..................................... 13 1.7 Verb Conjugation on Present / Present Continuous Tense Passive Form .................................... 16 1.8 Derived Nouns ( ) of Three-Letter Verbs ................................................................. 18 1.9 Signs of Feminine Words ............................................................................................................ 19 1.10 Dual Forms of Nouns ( ) ....................................................................................................... 20 1.11 Plural Forms of Nouns ( ) ..................................................................................................... 20
1.12 Dual Forms ( ) and Plural Forms ( ) of some Derived Nouns of ! " # ................................ 21 1.13 Negation, Prohibition, Imperative, and Others ......................................................................... 22 1.14 Conjugation of Present / Present Continuous Negation ( ' ( $% & ) ..................................... 23
* +,
1.15 Conjugation of Future Negation () $% & ) ......................................................................... 24
$% & ) ................................................................... 26 1.16 Conjugation of Past Tense Negation ( $- 1.17 Conjugation of Past Tense Negation Emphasis Form ............................................................... 27 $ % & ./ ($- 01 2 ) ............................................................................................................................... 27 1.18 Conjugation of Imperative ( ) ......................................................................................... 29
1.19 Conjugation of Prohibition ( $3
4 5 ) ........................................................................................ 30 1.20 Six groups ( 6 7 ) of Three-Letter Verbs.................................................................................. 32 7 ) ..................................................................................... 34 1.21 Four-Letter (3+1) Verbs ( .: ; $8 9 9 1.25 Three Sick Letters and Seven Categories (" * = B = C ) of the Verbs ....................................... 40
1.26 Sickness Curing of Verbs () D9 E) ................................................................................................ 41
Chapter 2 Syntax (4 F 5 ) ....................................................................................................................... 45 2.1 Word ( GH ) and Sentence ( G I ) ............................................................................................ 45
2.2 Indefinite Form (J H5 ) and Definite Form ( #" ) of a Noun ................................................... 46 " 2.3 Different Meaning of ) (M: L ) .......................................................................................... 47
2.4 Declinable Words (6 > * ) ......................................................... 47 " ) and Indeclinable Words ( O 2.5 Some Terms Related to Syntax (4 F 5 ) ....................................................................................... 48 2.6 Categories of P
( @ (Words in Genitive Case) .......................................................................... 49 2.7 Categories of P 94 # (Words in Nominal Case) ........................................................................ 50
3
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes 2.8 Categories of P 74 5 (Words in Accusative Case) .................................................................... 52 2.9 َج ْز ٌمMaker of Verbs in Present or Present Continuous Tense (' ( B 4 Q )............................. 56
2.10 A vs. E.................................................................................................................................... 58
"# ) .................................................................................................. 59 2.11 Auxiliary Verbs ( C 5 )
2.12 “Almost Happened, But Actually did not” ( 7( " # ) ........................................................ 60 )
2.13 Categories of Declinable Words (6 " ) ................................................................................... 60
2.14 Putting Harakah on R? 5 (R? 5 6
9 E)...................................................................................... 62 T 5 /S 2.15 Declinable Nouns ( A ) and Indeclinable Nouns ( 5 A ) ............................... 62
U" 2.16 Conjunction Letters (M L ) ............................................................................................ 63
V/ 2.17 Phrase W 8 X
0 ................................................................................................................... 64 2.18 Phrase $8 % Y 4 V/ 0 ................................................................................................................... 65
2.19 Followers 7 4 2 ........................................................................................................................... 65 2.20 Sun Letters ( /= Z ) and Moon Letters ( : Z ) ............................................... 66 Appendix A: Terminologies and Approximate Translations ................................................................. 68 Appendix B: Abbriviations ................................................................................................................... 71 Appendix C: Examples of Full Conjugation ......................................................................................... 71 ! " % : ! " # :6 5 : & :! " %
* ................................................................................................... 72
H : H \ :! " %
)4 : ) C :! " %
;] : S :! " %
.8 : . \ :! " %
! 1 : ! :! " %
6 : 6 :! " %
. " : . 9 :! " %
0 :!"%
!/ H : )
! " % : ! " # :6 * .................................................................................................. 80 ! " % : ! " # :6 * ..................................................................................................... 88 ! "% : ! " # :6 * ..................................................................................................... 96 ! " % : ! " # :6 * ................................................................................................... 104 ! " % : ! " # :6 * ................................................................................................... 112 ! "% : ! " # :6 * .............................................................................................. 120 ! "% : ! " # :6 * .................................................................................................... 128 ! "% : ! " # :6 * ................................................................................................. 136
4
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
Chapter 1 Morphology ( ' ) ( 1.1 Pronouns () * ) In Arabic, pronouns have two forms: 1. Separate form, which is used as a stand alone word. For example:
-. / . + , He is the Most High, the Supreme (in glory). 1 0 2 %# I am a student.
2. Attached form, which is attached to another word as a suffix. For example:
3 $ on them, upon them 5 /4 your (plural) Lord
Below table lists pronouns in both Separate form and Attached form Table 1: Pronouns (Attached form / Separate Form)
60 7 )
89! )
Plural (
Dual (
, / ,
them / they (three or more masculine)
? , / ? ,
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
, / ,
= = / + ,
3rd.p.M. (
, / ,
, / @ ,
3rd.p.M. (
them / they (two masculine)
1 )> )
him / he
A )> )
them / they (three or more feminine)
them / they (two feminine)
her / she
/ B9%#
/ B9%#
D / C %#
2nd.p.M. (
%# D / C
2nd.p.F. (
you / you (three or more masculine)
you / you (two masculine)
? / ? B9%#
/ B9%#
you / you (three or more feminine)
1 2E )
you / you
you / you (two feminine)
A 2E )
her / she
% / %#
% / ? %
us / we (two or more masculine / feminine)
me / I
& 5 B )
1st.p. (
To make the memorizing easier for above paradigm, as well as the paradigms in the following lessons, Imam Yusuf introduced “Arabic Grammar Hand”:
5
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.2 Patterns ( 0 F ) of Arabic Verbs
The conjugation of Arabic verbs is following patterns ( 0 F ) . Verb
H0 . G
is commonly being taken as a
model to express these different groups of patterns in various context, although as a verb, own meaning (do, make, etc), and follows only one group ( I 0 ) of patterns. Each letter (
" J '
) in
name for reference purpose:
'
H0 . G
is called a radical. Each of these three radicals in
Is called H . ;
KG J Is called H . ; ? $ " Is called H . ; L M 6
H0 . G
H0 . G
has its
is also given a
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes The vowels in Arabic are expressed by Harakat (N 0 ), or vowel marks, which refers to:
( 9 9 099 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 )
.
Maybe more than 99% of Arabic verbs are rooted from three-letter root verbs (
@QRQ ) or derived from
three-letter root verbs, the other 1% are four-letter root verbs or more letters root verbs and their derivatives. In his Morphology ( ' ) classes, Imam Yusuf first focused on three-letter verbs and ( their derivatives, then discussed four letter root verbs and their derivatives.
1.3 Verb Conjugation on Tense Below table shows Arabic verb conjugation on tense: past tense, present / present continuous tense, and imperative (order) mood.
H0 . G
is used as a model to express the patterns.
Table 2 Verb Conjugation on Tense Imperative Present/Present Continuous
2E ! # (1
)
H . 9G
Tense (J 0 4 * ! )
!) Past Tense (@S
H . ; 9T H . ; 9T
H . 9G H . G
Active (L + . ) Passive (
"+ 3U
The meaning patterns are:
H . 9G : he did .. H . G : he was done upon ..
H . ; 9T : he does .. / he is doing .. H . ; 9T : he is done upon .. / he is being done upon .. H . 9G : (You) Do it! Many Arabic verbs follow above patterns to form their tenses and imperatives. E.g.: Imperative
2E ! # (1 $
!) Past (@S
Present / Present )
Continuous (0J4 * ! )
. 9T . 9T
$ $
The meanings are: 7
Active (L+ . ) Passive (
"+ 3U
)
)
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
$ $
: he worshipped .. : he was worshipped ..
. 9T : he worships / he is worshipping .. . 9T : he is worshipped / he is being worshipped .. $ : (You) Worship!
1.4 Verb Conjugation on Past Tense Active Form How to express in Arabic verbs different persons, 1st person, 2nd person, and 3rd person? How to express the numbers, such as singular, plural? In fact in Arabic, dual (two persons) is also differentiated. How to express the gender, masculine and feminine? Arabic verbs conjugate on persons, numbers, as well as on gender. These types of conjugation are generally through inflection, which is end-changing, such as putting suffix. These conjugations are following patterns. The following paradigm expresses verb conjugation on person, number, and gender for past tense active form. Table 3 Verb Conjugation on Past Tense Active Form
60 7 )
89! )
Plural (
Dual (
+ . 9G
R. 9G
? . 9G
B . 9G
B . 9G
B . 9G
? B . 9G
B . 9G
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
H . 9G C . 9G C . 9G .9G C
8 . 9G
C . 9G
The meaning patterns are:
H . 9G R. 9G + . 9G
C . 9G B . 9G ? . 9G
: he (masculine, one person) did .. : they (masculine, two persons) did : they (masculine, three or more persons) did : she (feminine, one person) did .. : they (feminine, two persons) did : they (feminine, three or more persons) did
8
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) 2nd.p.F. (A 2E ) 1st.p. (& 5 B ) 3rd.p.M. (
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
C . 9G B . 9G B . 9G .9G C B . 9G ? B . 9G C . 9G 8 . 9G
: you (masculine, one person) did : you (both gender, two persons) did : you (masculine, three or more persons) did : you (feminine, one person) did : you (both gender, two persons) did : you (feminine, three or more persons) did : I (both gender, one person) did : we(both gender, two or more persons) did
For example, below is the paradigm for
60 7 )
89! )
Plural (
Dual (
$:
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
$
$
$
$
$
N $
$
$
? $
$
N $ $ N
% $
N $
The meanings are:
$ $ + . 9G
N $ $
$ N $
$
$
: he (masculine, one person) worshipped .. : they (masculine, two persons) worshipped : they (masculine, three or more persons) worshipped : she (feminine, one person) worshipped.. : they (feminine, two persons) worshipped : they (feminine, three or more persons) worshipped : you (masculine, one person) worshipped : you (both gender, two persons) worshipped : you (masculine, three or more persons) worshipped
9
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) Absent M. (
A 2E ) 1st.p. (& 5 B ) 2nd.p.F. (
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
$ N
$
? $ N $ % $
: you (feminine, one person) worshipped : you (both gender, two persons) worshipped : you (feminine, three or more persons) worshipped : I (both gender, one person) worshipped : we(both gender, two or more persons) worshipped
The “Arabic Grammar Hand” for this paradigm is as follows:
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Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.5 Verb Conjugation on Past Tense Passive Form Similarly, the following paradigm expresses verb conjugation on person, number, and gender for past tense passive form. Table 4 Verb Conjugation on Past Tense Passive Form
60 7 )
89! )
Plural (
Dual (
+ . G
? .G B . G ? B . G
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
R. G B . G
H . G C . G
B . G 8 . G
C . G . G C
B . G
C . G
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) 2nd.p.F. (A 2E ) 1st.p. (& 5 B ) 3rd.p.M. (
The meaning patterns are:
H . G R. G + . G C . G
B . G ? .G C . G B . G B . G . G C B . G ? B . G
C . G 8 . G
: he (masculine, one person) was done upon .. : they (masculine, two persons) were done upon : they (masculine, three or more persons) were done upon : she (feminine, one person) was done upon .. : they (feminine, two persons) were done upon : they (feminine, three or more persons) were done upon : you (masculine, one person) were done upon : you (both gender, two persons) were done upon : you (masculine, three or more persons) were done upon : you (feminine, one person) were done upon : you (both gender, two persons) were done upon : you (feminine, three or more persons) were done upon : I (both gender, one person) was done upon : we(both gender, two or more persons) were done upon
For example, below is the paradigm for نصرin past tense passive form:
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Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
60 7 )
89! )
Dual (
Plural (
% (
% (
% (
% ( % ? (
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
% % (
% ( % N ( % N ( ( N % % N (
% ( % ( % (
The meanings are:
% ( % ( % ( % N ( % ( % ( % N ( % ( % ( ( N % % ( % ? ( % N ( % % (
: he (masculine, one person) was helped .. : they (masculine, two persons) were helped : they (masculine, three or more persons) were helped : she (feminine, one person) was helped .. : they (feminine, two persons) were helped : they (feminine, three or more persons) were helped : you (masculine, one person) were helped : you (both gender, two persons) were helped : you (masculine, three or more persons) were helped : you (feminine, one person) were helped : you (both gender, two persons) were helped : you (feminine, three or more persons) were helped : I (both gender, one person) was helped : we(both gender, two or more persons) were helped
The “Arabic Grammar Hand” for this paradigm is as follows:
12
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) 3rd.p.M. (
A 2E ) 1st.p. (& 5 B ) 2nd.p.F. (
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.6 Verb Conjugation on Present / Present Continuous Tense Active Form Present / Present Continuous Tense (J 0 4 * ! ) of Arabic verbs is formed by prefixing and suffixing the
root with specific letters with vowels according to person, number, and gender. Prefix letter can be one of the four letters:
VN#
. Sometimes they are called particles of present tense (
Below paradigm expresses the conjugation for active form:
J 4* ). '
Table 5 Verb Conjugation on Present / Present Continuous Tense Active Form
60 7 )
Plural (
+ . ; 9T ? . ; 9T
89! )
Dual (
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
R. ; 9T R. ; 9
H . ; 9T
H . ; 9 13
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 3rd.p.M. (
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
R. ; 9 R. ; 9
+ . ; 9 ? . ; 9
H . ; 9 ? . ; 9 H . 9G#
H . ; 9%
1 2E ) 2nd.p.F. (A 2E ) 1st.p. (& 5 B ) 2nd.p.M. (
The meaning patterns are:
H . ; 9T R. ; 9T + . ; 9T H . ; 9 R. ; 9 ? . ; 9T
H . ; 9 R. ; 9 + . ; 9 ? . ; 9 R. ; 9 ? . ; 9 H . 9G# H . ; 9%
: he (masculine, one person) does / is doing .. : they (masculine, two persons) do / are doing : they (masculine, three or more persons) do / are doing : she (feminine, one person) does / is doing .. : they (feminine, two persons) do / are doing : they (feminine, three or more persons) do / are doing : you (masculine, one person) do / are doing : you (both gender, two persons) do / are doing : you (masculine, three or more persons) do / are doing : you (feminine, one person) do / are doing : you (both gender, two persons) do / are doing : you (feminine, three or more persons) do / are doing : I (both gender, one person) do / am doing : we(both gender, two or more persons) do / are doing
For example, below is the paradigm for
5 X T 5 X T 5 X T 5 X 5 X 5 X T
5W
in present/present continuous tense active form:
: he (masculine, one person) thanks / is thanking .. : they (masculine, two persons) thank / are thanking .. : they (masculine, three or more persons) thank / are thanking .. : she (feminine, one person) thanks / is thanking .. : they (feminine, two persons) thank / are thanking .. : they (feminine, three or more persons) thank / are thanking ..
14
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
5 X 5 X 5 X ? T 5 X 5 X 5 X 5 W # 5 X %
: you (masculine, one person) thank / are thanking .. : you (both gender, two persons) thank / are thanking .. : you (masculine, three or more persons) thank / are thanking .. : you (feminine, one person) thank / are thanking .. : you (both gender, two persons) thank / are thanking .. : you (feminine, three or more persons) thank / are thanking .. : I (both gender, one person) thank / am thanking .. : we(both gender, two or more persons) thank / are thanking ..
The “Arabic Grammar Hand” for this paradigm is as follows:
15
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.7 Verb Conjugation on Present / Present Continuous Tense Passive Form The Passive Form of Present / Present Continuous Tense of Arabic verbs is formed similarly as active form except that vowels changes. The following paradigm expresses the conjugation for passive form: Table 6 Verb Conjugation on Present / Present Continuous Tense Passive Form
60 7 )
89! )
Plural (
Dual (
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
R. ; 9T R. ; 9 R. ; 9 R. ; 9
+ . ; 9T ? . ; 9T
+ . ; 9 ? . ; 9
H . ; 9T H . ; 9
H . ; 9 ? . ; 9 H . 9G#
H . ; 9%
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) 2nd.p.F. (A 2E ) 1st.p. (& 5 B ) 3rd.p.M. (
The meaning patterns are:
H . ; 9T R. ; 9T + . ; 9T H . ; 9 R. ; 9 ? . ; 9T
H . ; 9 R. ; 9 + . ; 9 ? . ; 9 R. ; 9 ? . ; 9 H . 9G# H . ; 9%
: he (masculine, one person) is done upon / is being done upon .. : they (masculine, two persons) are done upon / are being done upon : they (masculine, three or more persons) are done upon / are being done upon : she (feminine, one person) is done upon / is being done upo .. : they (feminine, two persons) are done upon / are being done upon : they (feminine, three or more persons) are done upon / are being done upon : you (masculine, one person) are done upon / are being done upon : you (both gender, two persons) are done upon / are being done upon : you (masculine, three or more persons) are done upon / are being done upon : you (feminine, one person) are done upon / are being done upon : you (both gender, two persons) are done upon / are being done upon : you (feminine, three or more persons) are done upon / are being done upon : I (both gender, one person) am done upon / am being done upon : we(both gender, two or more persons) are done upon / are being done upon
16
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes For example, below is the paradigm for
5 X T 5 X T 5 X T
5 X 5 X 5 X T 5 X 5 X 5 X ? T 5 X 5 X 5 X 5 W # 5 X %
5W
in present/present continuous tense passive form:
: he (masculine, one person) is thanked / is being thanked .. : they (masculine, two persons) are thanked / are being thanked .. : they (masculine, three or more persons) are thanked / are being thanked .. : she (feminine, one person) is thanked / is being thanked .. : they (feminine, two persons) are thanked / are being thanked .. : they (feminine, three or more persons) are thanked / are being thanked .. : you (masculine, one person) are thanked / are being thanked .. : you (both gender, two persons) are thanked / are being thanked .. : you (masculine, three or more persons) are thanked / are being thanked .. : you (feminine, one person) are thanked / are being thanked .. : you (both gender, two persons) are thanked / are being thanked .. : you (feminine, three or more persons) are thanked / are being thanked .. : I (both gender, one person) am thanked / am being thanked .. : we(both gender, two or more persons) are thanked / are being thanked ..
The “Arabic Grammar Hand” for this paradigm is as follows:
17
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.8 Derived Nouns (AY 9BX K Z ) of Three-Letter Verbs Arabic nouns can be subdivided into two types: 1. 2.
\[ BX ! the derived, means they are derived from some root words, usually verbs. 0 ! 7 the non-derived, means they are type of isolated, not derived from root verbs.
Derived nouns are formed following certain patterns. These patterns can be many based upon a root verb, and very commonly, a specific pattern is associated with a specific meaning (pattern). In this class, Imam Yusuf discussed some popular derived nouns of three-letter verb model:
H0 . G
. The
grammar terms / names of these derived nouns are also provided, which are common even for four-letter or more letter verbs. Table 7 Derived Nouns (AY 9BX
Meaning of Example
Z K
Example
) of verb
H0 . G
Meaning
18
Derived Noun
Grammar Name
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes Helper The helped The place of helping; The time of helping;
% 0 4+ 8 ! 0( 0 ( 8 !
Helping The tool to help Better helper / The best helper One time helping Kind of helping / Type of helping Little helping
The tool of the action Better doer / The Best doer One time doing
0^ ( % 0^ ( %
Helper / The helped Helper / The helped
4+ % 0(
Too much helping
The one who is done upon The place of the action; The time of the action; Doing (The gerund);
0 ( 8 ! ( %#
0 9 ( % V [ ( % 4 % 0( % 0 9 (
Helping related
Doer
Kind of doing / Type of doing Little doing What related to doing Too much doing Doer / The one who is done upon (depends on context) Doer / The one who is done upon (depends on context)
G H0 $ 0 . ; ! "+ H0 . ; !
H0 . ; ! H . 9G# 0A . 9G 0A . G
H0 . 9G @[ . 9G 0 . 9G " H 0 .G 0 . 9G "+
; H $ . ; "+ 5 !] ! 4 ( [ 0 ! A Z ; 9B * H ^ ! K 8 4 ( ! J+ 9% K 8 4 ( ! > ( B 8 I+ ; A> H $ ; H $ . ; "+ ; H $ . ; "+
1.9 Signs of Feminine Words In Arabic, feminine words are usually indicated by some special signs. Below are these signs to indicate feminine words: Table 8 Signs of Feminine Words
Examples
0A +BY ! 0A _ K : + K 9%: c 9
Signs
0A9 A9 A9 K9 9
19
Grammar Name
%aB K `
^: # b ^4+(Y b #
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.10 Dual Forms of Nouns (89! ) Not like English, Arabic differentiates one person, two persons, and more persons. So in addition to singular, plural, Arabic words have their dual forms also, while the plural is dedicated to three or more persons. Commonly, this dual form of noun (89! ) is formed by adding either suffix of
9
is for nominative case, and
? 9
Dual (89! )
? 9
.
Singular (:0; ! )
Suffix
B9_: _: ? 9_: ? 9B9_:
Two truthful males, two truthful females Two truthful males, two truthful females
or
for accusative case and genitive case.
Table 9 Dual Forms of Nouns (89! )
Meaning
9
0A_: d0 :
9 ? 9
1.11 Plural Forms of Nouns ( 6 0 7 ) There are three types of plural forms of nouns in Arabic:
1. Sound Masculine Form ( nominative case, and
? 9
e 6 U
): formed by adding suffix of
+9
? 9 , +9
is for
N9 , N 0 9
is for
or
for accusative case and genitive case.
2. Sound Feminine Form (
` %f 6 U
): formed by adding suffix of
N9 for accusative case and genitive case. 3. Non Regular Form ( 5 6 U ): no rule for this form
nominative case, and
Table 10 Plural Forms of Nouns
Plural (6 0 7 )
+ $ +_: ? $ ? _: N N 0 _: 0 $ N $ N_: 0 7 4 1 0 B "
Singular (:0 ; ! )
Suffix
+9 ? 9
N 0 9 N9
20
Type
$ d0 : 0
Sound Masculine Form
0A $ 0A_:
Sound Feminine Form
0 74 I 0 B "
Non Regular Form
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.12 Dual Forms (89! ) and Plural Forms ( Derived Nouns of
H0 . G
6 0 7 )
Below table lists the patterns of dual forms and plural forms of some derived nouns of Table 11 Dual Forms (89! ) and Plural Forms ( 6 0 7 ) of some Derived Nouns
Non Regular Plural (0 5 ! )
0 .9G 0A . 9G H0 .9G " +9G H $ ; ! H $
; ! H $
; ! H $
of some
H0 . G
.
Plural (6 0 7 )
Dual (89! )
Singular (:0 ; ! )
G + $ ? $G G N 0 R$
G R$ G ? $ G B $ G ? 9B $ M+. ; ! ? +. ; ! B +.; ! ? 9B +. ; ! R. ; !
G H0 $
G NR$ + +. ; ! ? +. ; ! N 0 M+. ; ! NM+. ; ! + . ; ! ? . ; !
? . ; ! B .; ! ? 9B . ; ! R. ; ! ? . ; ! B .; ! ? 9B . ; ! M.9G
N 0 R. ; ! NR. ; ! + . ; ! ? . ; ! N 0 R. ; ! NR. ; ! + .9G ? .9G N 0 M.9G NM.9G
? .9G B .9G
? 9B .9G 21
0A $ G 0 . ; ! "+ 0A +. ; ! H0 . ; ! 0A . ; ! H0 . ; ! 0A . ; ! 0 .9G " 0A .9G
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
G# H $ H . 9G
R. 9G# ? . 9G# . 9G ? 9 . 9G
+ . 9G# ? . 9G#
N 0 . 9G N . 9G
H . 9G# . 9G
1.13 Negation, Prohibition, Imperative, and Others In Arabic, the present tense negation of a verb is formed based on present / present Continuous (J 0 4 * ! ) form by preceding it particle
! or M . If we put preceding particle before present (0J4 * ! )
form, it renders into past tense negation. This also renders the Harakah on radical " into sukun ( 9 9 ).
Present (J 0 4 * ! ) form is also being used to construct imperative form, prohibition form, future tense,
2E etc. We’ve learnt, in former class, the imperative of the 2nd person (1
! # ) . The imperative of the 3rd person is formed by preceding present (J 0 4 * ! ) form the particle of " . The Harakah of the LM ) is rendered into sukun ( 9 9 ). Preceding particle M is used to make prohibition third radical (H . ; form, while g + is used to form future tense. or '
Below table is an overview of some grammar forms based on present / present Continuous (0J4 * ! ) form, including negation, prohibition, future tense, imperative, etc. We’ll learn the detail of some forms in the following classes.
Table 12 Negation, Prohibition, Imperative, and Others
Meaning He doesn’t do He doesn’t do He will never ever do He didn’t do He never ever did He will do (near future) He will do (far future)
Forms
Grammar Name
H . ; 9T ! H . ; 9T M
J 4* @ ; 9%
H . ; 9T ?
H . ; 9T
H . ; 9T
H . ; 9
H . ; 9T ' + 22
J 4* @ ; 9% @; 9% Y B M " @S @ ; 9% @ ; 9% a @S " Y B M " Y B M
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
H . ; 9
H . ; 9T M
Let him do Let him not to do
)> ! # 1 )> @3 9% 1 2E ! # 1 2E @3 9% 1 " Z 1 U/ . 9B H . G U/ . @% 1 9B H . G
H . 9G H . ; 9 M . 9G# ! H . G#
(you) do! (you) don’t do! What a wonderful doing What a wonderful doing
1.14 Conjugation of Present / Present Continuous Negation ( J 4* @; 9% )
When present (0J4 * ! ) form is preceded by particle
! or M , its meaning becomes negation of present
/ present continuous tense, that is “.. doesn’t do ..” / “.. is not doing .. ” For example:
( 8 9T M ( 8 9T ! ( 8 9% !
: he doesn’t help / is not helping. : they (feminine, three or more persons) don’t help / are not helping. : we (two or more persons) don’t help / are not helping.
The following paradigm expresses the conjugation of present / present continuous negation form on person, gender, and number.
H.G
is used as a model.
Table 13 Conjugation of Present / Present Continuous Negation (
60 7 )
89! )
Plural (
Dual (
:0 ; ! )
? . ; 9T ! + . ; 9 ! ? . ; 9 !
)
Singular (
R. ; 9T ! R. ; 9 ! R. ; 9 ! R. ; 9 !
+ . ; 9T !
J 4* @ ; 9%
H . ; 9T ! H . ; 9 !
H . ; 9 ! ? . ; 9 ! H . 9G# !
H . ; 9% !
23
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) 2nd.p.F. (A 2E ) 1st.p. (& 5 B ) 3rd.p.M. (
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes Simply replace
!
with
M
in above paradigm, we’ll get the conjugation for using
M
.
The “Arabic Grammar Hand” for this paradigm is as follows:
Y B M 1.15 Conjugation of Future Negation (" When present (0J4 * ! ) form is preceded by particle “.. will never ever do ..”. For example:
( 8 9T ?
( 8 9T ?
( 8 9% ?
?
@ ; 9%
)
, its meaning becomes future negation, that is
: he will never ever help. : they (feminine, three or more persons) will never ever help. : we (two or more persons) shall never ever help.
Note that the ending Harakah of
J 0 4 * !
following
?
renders into Fatha (
9 9
).
The following paradigm expresses the conjugation of future negation form on person, gender, and number.
H.G
is used as a model. Please pay attention to the change of the ending Harakat.
24
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
Y B M Table 14 Conjugation of Future Negation ("
60 7 )
89! )
Plural (
Dual (
@ ; 9%
)
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
+ . ; 9T ?
R. ; 9T ?
H . ; 9T ?
? . ; 9T ?
R. ; 9 ?
H . ; 9 ?
+ . ; 9 ?
R. ; 9 ?
? . ; 9 ?
R. ; 9 ?
H . ; 9 ?
@ . ; 9 ?
H . 9G# ?
H . ; 9% ?
The “Arabic Grammar Hand” for this paradigm is as follows:
25
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) 2nd.p.F. (A 2E ) 1st.p. (& 5 B ) 3rd.p.M. (
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.16 Conjugation of Past Tense Negation ( When present (J 0 4 * ! ) form is preceded by particle is “.. didn’t do ..”. For example:
( 8 9T
( 8 9T
( 8 9%
@; 9% @S
)
, its meaning becomes past tense negation, that
: he didn’t help. : they (feminine, three or more persons) didn’t help. : we (two or more persons) didn’t help.
J 0 4 * !
Note that the ending Harakah of
following
renders into sukun (
9 9
).
The following paradigm expresses the conjugation of past tense negation form on person, gender, and number.
H.G
is used as a model. Please pay attention to the change of the ending Harakat.
Table 15 Conjugation of Past Tense Negation (
60 7 )
89! )
Plural (
Dual (
@; 9% @S
)
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
+ . ; 9T
R. ; 9T
H . ; 9T
? . ; 9T
R. ; 9
H . ; 9
+ . ; 9
R. ; 9
? . ; 9
R. ; 9
H . ; 9
@ . ; 9
H . 9G#
H . ; 9%
The “Arabic Grammar Hand” for this paradigm is as follows:
26
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) 2nd.p.F. (A 2E ) 1st.p. (& 5 B ) 3rd.p.M. (
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.17 Conjugation of Past Tense Negation Emphasis Form
(@S
@ ; 9% a
)
When present (J 0 4 * ! ) form is preceded by particle
, it forms the emphsis form of past tense
negation. Its meaning is “.. never ever did ..”. For example:
( 8 9T
( 8 9T
( 8 9%
: he never ever helped. : they (feminine, three or more persons) never ever helped. : we (two or more persons) never ever helped.
The ending Harakah of
J 0 4 * !
following
renders into sukun
( 9 9 ).
The following paradigm expresses the conjugation of emphasis form of past tense negation on person, gender, and number.
H.G
is used as a model. Please pay attention to the change of the ending Harakat.
27
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
Table 16 Conjugation of Past Tense Negation Emphasis Form (@S
60 7 )
89! )
Plural (
Dual (
:0 ; ! )
@ ; 9% a
)
Singular (
+ . ; 9T
R. ; 9T
H . ; 9T
? . ; 9T
R. ; 9
H . ; 9
+ . ; 9
R. ; 9
? . ; 9
R. ; 9
H . ; 9
@ . ; 9
H . 9G#
H . ; 9%
The “Arabic Grammar Hand” for this paradigm is as follows:
28
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) 2nd.p.F. (A 2E ) 1st.p. (& 5 B ) 3rd.p.M. (
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.18 Conjugation of Imperative (
! Z
2E We’ve learnt the imperative of the 2nd person (1
! #
)
) in former classes. The imperative of the
3rd person is formed by preceding present (0J4 * ! ) form the particle of
radical (H . ; . 9
. 9
. 9
L M
) is rendered into sukun
"
. The Harakah of the third
( 9 9 ). Its meaning is “.. let .. do ..”. For example:
: let him worship : let them (feminine, three or more persons) worship : let them (masculine, two persons) worship
The following paradigm expresses the conjugation of imperative form on person, gender, and number.
H.G
is used as a model. Please pay attention to the change of the ending Harakat.
Table 17 Conjugation of Imperative (
60 7 )
Plural (
! Z
89! )
Dual (
)
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
+ . ; 9
? . ; 9
R. ; 9
R. ; 9B
H . ; 9
H . ; 9B
+ . 9G
R. 9G
? . 9G
R. 9G
H . 9G @ . 9G
The “Arabic Grammar Hand” for this paradigm is as follows:
29
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) 2nd.p.F. (A 2E ) 3rd.p.M. (
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.19 Conjugation of Prohibition (
@ , + 98
)
The prohibition is formed by preceding present (0J4 * ! ) form the particle of
third radical (H . ;
. 9T M . 9T M
. 9 M
L M
) is rendered into sukun
M
. The Harakah of the
( 9 9 ). Its meaning is “.. let .. not do ..”. For example:
: let him not worship : let them (feminine, three or more persons) not worship : You (masculine, three or more persons) do not worship
The following paradigm expresses the conjugation of prohibition form on person, gender, and number.
H.G
is used as a model. Please pay attention to the change of the ending Harakat.
30
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
Table 18 Conjugation of Prohibition (
60 7 )
Plural (
@ , + 98
89! )
Dual (
)
:0 ; ! )
Singular (
+ . ; 9T M
R. ; 9T M
H . ; 9T M
? . ; 9T M
R. ; 9 M
H . ; 9 M
+ . ; 9 M
R. ; 9 M
? . ; 9 M
R. ; 9 M
H . ; 9 M @ . ; 9 M
The “Arabic Grammar Hand” for this paradigm is as follows:
31
1 )> ) 3rd.p.F. (A )> ) 2nd.p.M. (12E ) 2nd.p.F. (A 2E ) 3rd.p.M. (
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.20 Six groups (
I 0
) of Three-Letter Verbs
In former classes, we’ve learnt conjugation on tense of three-letter verbs, below is the paradigm: Imperative
2E (1 H . 9G
Present/Present Continuous
! #
Tense (J 0 4 * ! )
)
!) Past Tense (@S
H . ; 9T H . ; 9T
H . 9G H . G
Active (L+ . ) Passive (
"+ 3U
)
If we pay attention to its active past tense and active present tense, especially to the Harakah of the 2nd radical of
H.G ( H . ; ? $
):
H . ; 9T
H . 9G
We noticed that its harakah is 9 9 combination is: (
9 9 9 9
), or
(0A B 9G) in active past tense, and 9 9 (0A S ) in active present tense, or the (0A S 0A B 9G) . 9 9 9 9 )? The answer is yes. In fact, I 0 ) according to different harakah
Can the harakat be other combination in active tenses, such as ( three-letter Arabic verbs are devided into six groups ( combinations of
H . ; ? $
Harakah of 2nd radical (
in active past tense and active present tense:
H . ; ? $
Groups
)
Active Present Tense
Active Past Tense
99
99
(0A S 0A B 9G) I 0
1st
9 9
99
(0^ 0A B 9G) I 0
2nd
999
9 9
BB 9G) I ( 0
999
9 9
(0A B 9G 0^ ) I 0
4th
9 9
9 9
(0A S 0A S ) I 0
5th
9 9
99
) I ( 0
32
3rd
6th
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
The following table illustrates conjugation on tense of these six groups ( Table 19 Six groups (
Imperative
2E (1 $
! #
I 0
I S h B9G $ ? 1
) of three-letter verbs:
) of Three-Letter Verbs
!) Past Tense (@S
Present / Present Continuous )
I 0
Tense (J 0 4 * ! )
. 9T . 9T I T *
$ $
I S I S
I T * h B; 9T
h B9G h BG $ $
h B; 9T . 9T . 9T
? T ? T 1 T
? ?
1 1
1 T
Groups (I 0 + 9# )
(0A S 0A B 9G) I 0
1st
(0^ 0A B 9G) I 0
2nd
BB 9G) I ( 0
3rd
(0A B 9G 0^ ) I 0
4th
(0A S 0A S ) I 0
5th
) I ( 0
6th
Meaning of above example verbs: There are several rules here (please refer to above paradigm, especially pay attention to the red high lights): 1. Harakat combination of active past tense and active present tense of the 2nd radical ( changing from group (I 0 ) to group (I 0 ), which differentiates different groups.
H . ; ? $ ) are
2. For all these six groups, the passive past tense and passive present tense are following the same pattern, that is: (
H . ; 9T H . G ), no harakah change from group to group.
3. For active past tense and active present tense of these six groups, the Harakah of the1st radical (
H . ;
KG
) are following the same pattern, no change from group to group.
4. For active past tense and active present tense of these six groups, the Harakah of the 3rd radical (
33
L M
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
H . ;
) are following the same pattern, no change from group to group.
2E 5. For the Imperative (1
! #
radical in active present tense is
9 9
wasl (H +
) of these six groups, all the preceding Hamzah are hamzat ul
^] , ), the harakah rendered to this hamzat ul wasl depends on the harakah of the 2nd ? $ ) in active present tense: if the the harakah of the 2nd radical in active present tense radical ( H . ; is 9 9 or 99 , the hamzat ul wasl in its imerative is rendered to harakah 99 , if the the harakah of the 2nd , the hamzat ul wasl in imperative is rendered to harakah
1.21 Four-Letter (3+1) Verbs (
T] @/ $
99
.
)
We’ve learnt different groups of 3-letter verbs in Arabic. By adding 1 or more letter(s) before or after different radicals of a 3-letter verb, or repeating a particular radical, new verb can be derived from this
H . 9G , we get H . 9G# , . 9Gi I 0 . 9Gj is the verbal which forms a 4-letter (3+1) verb. The name of this group of verbs is " . " noun of this group (I ).
3-letter verb. For example, if an alif ( #) is added in front of the first radical of
Up to 3 letters can be added upon a 3-letter verb, which makes these derived verbs can be of 4 letters, 5 letters, or 6 letters. In this lesson, Imam Yusuf teaches several commonly used Four-Letter (3+1) (
T] @/ $
) verb groups derived from 3-letter verbs:
. 9Gi I " : it makes intransitive verbs (in original 3-letter I . ; 9B I 2. H : it can have two types of meanings: .9B ) (a) it makes intransitive verbs transitive ( AT (b) it means doing something a lot ( 5B ) 3. A $ ; I : it means doing something mutually ( A 4 ) 1.
) transitive (
AT . 9B
)
The following paradigm shows conjugation on tense of above three derived groups (I 0 + 9# ), also their
verbal noun (40 ( ! ), and some derived nouns. For each of these three groups, its passive participle (
. ; "+
), place noun (
5
), time noun (
!]
! ), and gerund ( [
same. To simplify, we’ll call them “Four Nouns” in the following sessions.
34
40 ( !
) are
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes Table 20 Four Letter Verbs (3+1) (
Four Nouns
. ; "+ 5 !] ! 4 ( [ 0 ! H0 . ; !
H0 . ; !
H0 $ ; !
Active participle
; H $
H0 . ; !
H0 .& ; !
; ! H0 $
T] @/ $
) conjugation and derived nouns
Verbal noun
Imperative
(40 ( ! )
! # 2E ) 1
0 . 9Gj "
H 0 .; 9
0A $ ; ! 0 . G " 0 . G "
(
. 9Gi I " H . G#
. ; 9B I H H .& 9G
A $ ; I G H $
1.22 Five Letter Verbs (3+2) ( T]
Present / Present Continuous Tense
Past Tense
!) (@S
(J 0 4 * ! )
H . ; 9T
H . 9G#
H . ; 9T
H . G#
H .& ; 9T
H . 9G
H . ; 9T
H .& 9G
; 9T H $
H $ G
H $ ; 9T
H $ +G
E @/
Active
(L+ . ) Passive
("+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
("+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
("+ 3U )
)
In this lesson, Imam Yusuf teaches several commonly used Five-Letter (3+2) (
T] @/ $
groups, which are derived from 3-letter verbs by adding 2 letters in front or after base radicals. There are five groups (I 0 + 9# ) discussed falling into 3+2 category: 1. 2. 3. 4.
I: it means obedience; obedient actions (A $ k ) . ; %M " . BGM I " : it means obedience; obedient actions (A$ k ) + l
I: it means something becomes a certain color (red, white, black, etc) ( " R. GM / 5 B ) H /.; 9B I : it means to carry / do something with difficulty / effort (b 35
)
) verb
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes 5.
H $; 9B I : it means to do something mutually with intensity ( A 4 X
Table 21 Five Letter Verbs (3+2) ( T]
Four Nouns
Active
. ; participle "+ 5 H$; !] ! 4 ( [ 0 ! H0 . ; 98 !
H0 . 9B; !
[H. ; !
H0 . ; 9B!
H0 $ ; 9B!
H0 . ; 98 !
H0 . B; !
[H. ; !
H0 .& ; 9B!
; 9B! H0 $
E @/
) conjugation and derived nouns
Verbal noun
Imperative
(40 ( ! )
! # 2E ) 1
0 . ; % "
0 . BG "
"0 R. G
H0 ./ ; 9
H0 $ ; 9
)
(
I . ; %M " H . ; 9%
I . BGM " H . B9G
I " R. GM H& . 9G H . 9G
H ./ ; 9B I H . ; 9
H $ ; 9B I H $ ; 9
36
Present / Present Continuous Tense
Past Tense
!) (@S
(J 0 4 * ! )
H . ; 98 9T
H . ; 9%
H . ; 98 9T
H . ; 9%
H . B; 9T
H . 9B9G
H . 9B; 9T
H . B9G
H/ . ; 9T
H . 9G
H/ . ; 9T
H . G
H . ; 9B9T
H . ; 9
H . ; 9B9T
H .& ; 9
H $ ; 9B9T
H $ ; 9
H $ ; 9B9T
; 9 H $+
Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U )
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.23 Six Letter Verbs (3+3) ( T]
@ /
In this lesson, Imam Yusuf continues to discuss six-letter (3+3) (
) T] @/ $
) verb groups, which
are derived from 3-letter verbs by adding 3 letters in front or after base radicals. There are four groups (I 0 + 9# ) discussed falling into 3+3 category: 1.
I: this I . ; B M "
has two meanings:
.9B ) (a) it makes intransitive verbs transitive (AT
(b) it means to ask (someone) to do something 2. 3. 4.
+ l
I: it means something becomes a certain color (red, white, black, etc) ( " R . GM I: it means something becomes intensive by itself ( LF R ". . GM 0A> ! ) I: it means something becomes intensive by itself ( LF R " + . GM 0A> ! )
Table 22 Six Letter Verbs (3+3) ( T]
Four Nouns
. ; "+ 5 !] [ ! 40 ( ! H0 . ; 9B !
[ . ; ! "
H0 $ + . ; !
Active participle
; H $
H0 . ; 9B !
[ . ; ! "
H0 $ + . ; !
@ /
) conjugation and derived nouns
Verbal noun
Imperative
(40 ( ! )
! # 2E ) 1
0 . ; B "
"0 R . G
0 . . G "
) more
(
I . ; B M " H . ; 9B
I " R . GM " . 9G "& . 9G I . . GM " H $+ . 9G 37
Present / Present Continuous Tense
Past Tense
!) (@S
(J 0 4 * ! )
H . ; 9B T
H . ; 9B
H . ; 9B T
H . ; 9B
"/ . ; 9T
. 9G "
"/ . ; 9T
H . G
H $ + . ; 9T
H $ + . 9G
Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . )
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
"0 + . ; !
"0 +& . ; !
0 + . G "
I " + . GM " +& . 9G
1.24 Four-Letter Root Verbs (:0 U ! Groups (I 0 + 9# )
4 @[ $
H $ + . ; 9T
.9G H $+
" +& . ; 9T
" + . 9G
" + . ; 9T
" +& . 9G
Passive
( "+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U )
) and Their Derivative
Until now, we’ve discussed about three-letter root verbs and their derivative groups, such as 3+1, 3+2, 3+3. Three-Letter root verbs and their derivatives may cover 99% Arabic verbs, but there is a small portion of Arabic verbs are rooted from Four-Letter verbs, that is in stead of three letters, the root verb itself has four letters. This type of verbs are called Four-Letter Root Verbs (:0 U ! Four-Letter Root Verbs (:0 U !
4 @[ $
4 @[ $
).
) can also have derivative groups (I 0 + 9# ) by adding 1 or more
letters into the original radicals. These derivative groups are called
4 0 T] ! @[ $
. Most commonly used
groups are Five Letter (4+1) and Six Letter (4+2) Verbs. In this section, Imam Yusuf discussed below Four-Letter Root Verb group and its derivative groups (I 0 + 9# ): 1. 2. 3. 4.
9B ) A . ; I : it makes intransitive verbs transitive (AT. H . ; 9B I : it means to obey to do something (A$ k ) I: it means to obey to do something (A $ k
L U % M I: it makes intransitive verbs transitive more " R. GM
)
Note: For verbs having more than 3 letters, the following four derivative nouns are of the same form: Past Participle (The one whom is done upon) (
. ; "+
); !] ); Time Noun ( ! 4 ( The Gerund ( [ 0 ! ). For example: H 0 . ; ! has all four meanings above.
5 Place Noun (
38
);
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes Table 23 Four-Letter Root Verbs (: 0 U !
Four Nouns
. ; "+ 5 !] ! 4 ( [ 0 ! H0 . ; !
H0 . ; 9B!
0 U % !
[H . ; !
Active participle
; H $
H0 . ; !
H0 . ; 9B!
0 7 !
[H . ; !
4 @[ $
Verbal noun (40 ( ! )
) and their derivative groups (I 0 + 9# )
Imperative
! # 2E ) 1 (
A . ; I "0 R. 9G 0A . 9G H . 9G
H0 . ; 9
L 0 U %
"0 R. G
H . ; 9B I H . ; 9
I L U % M U %
I " R. GM H . 9G H& . 9G
Present / Present Continuous Tense
Past Tense
!) (@S
(0J4 * ! )
H . ; 9T
H . 9G
H . ; 9T
H . 9G
H . ; 9B9T
H . ; 9
H . ; 9B9T
H . ; 9
U % T
U %
7 T
U %
H/ . ; 9T
H . 9G
H/ . ; 9T
H . 9G
Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U ) Active
(L+ . ) Passive
( "+ 3U )
We have gone over all these groups (I 0 + 9# ), three-letter root verbs and four-letter root verbs and their
derivatives, as a practice, you can write down their conjugations on person, gender, number, and tenses in active/passive forms, then put each paradigm on “Arabic Grammar Hand” and try to memorize them.
39
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
1.25 Three Sick Letters and Seven Categories (A. 9 the Verbs
L _Z
) of
In this section, another type of categorization of Arabic verbs is introduced. This categorization is based on if an Arabic verb has so called “sick letters”, and how it has them.
There are three sick letters (A . 1. 2. 3.
0 ( ) 0KT ( V ) b 0 # ( # )
'
) in Arabic:
According to the way Arabic verbs having sick letters, they are divided into seven categories: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
C C ! b 0 $ ! * b 0 ;
m 0 _% F0+ 3 ! ' 0 + 7 #
More details are following (not in the order above):
h 0
: Healthy verb (( 0 )
H.G ) h 0 0 ' Verbs in this category have no sick letter (A . H . G 1.
E.g. 2.
1 B
F0+ 3 !
: Verb with hamzah (F0+ 3 !
Verbs in this category have hamzah. Hamzah = Alif + Harakah Hamzah always has harakah. Different forms of hamzah include: e.g. 3.
)
n o 0K # j #
0 ! "
0 ! : Head sick verb ("
H0 . G
H0 . G
)
n o 0K # j #
)
Verbs in this category have their first letter sick (0KT
/ 0 H . ; KG
40
)
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes e.g. 4.
0 T 7
' 0 + 7 #
: Hollow verb (' 0 + 7 #
H0 . G
)
Verbs in this category have their second letter sick (0KT e.g. 5.
"0 + 9_ H0 ' 0 + 7
m 0 _%
: End sick verb (
m 0 _%)
Verb in this category have their last letter sick (0KT e.g. 6.
] p (c] p)
b 0 ;
: Double sick verb (b 0 ; )
Verbs in this category have two sick letters (A . There are two sub categories under
b 0 ;
/ 0 H . ; ? $
/ 0 H . ; L M
?! ' G
)
)
)
:
1) Mafruq (d 0 ; ! ): The first and the third letters are sick letters e.g.
@ _ (to protect), @ $ ◌ (to be aware)
2) Maqrun ( 0 Y ! ): The last two letters are sick letters e.g. 7.
V + (to burn, to sear), V +2(to fold, to shut)
b 0 $ ! *
: Verb with repeating letters (
b 0 $ ! ) *
Verbs in this category have a letter repeated, not necessarily sick letters. e.g.
! (to prolong), 9G(to flee, to run away), H $ (to be ill), :
(to love, to be fond)
1.26 Sickness Curing of Verbs ("0 R$ j) When we conjugate a verb with sick letters, those sick letters may need to be omitted or changed to other letters according to conjugation rules. The process to conjugate sick letters correctly is called Sickness Curing ("0 R$ j ). Sickness Curing ("0 R$ j ) may have many rules related to different scenarios, in this section, Imam Yusuf overalled some fundamental rules: 1. Amongst Harkat (99
99 9 9), 99 is the heaviest one, 99 is the next heaviest one, while 9 9 is the lightest one.
In some situation, some Harakah need to be put for the purpose of just protecting Harakah, otherwise
41
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes it will be sukun the case of
r !
( 9 9 ), in such a case, 9 9
(imperative form of the 2nd Person), we need to put some Harakah with Shadda as
9 9
protecting Harakah, in this case, 2.
5 D & s D & s tj ?
When a letter with sukun example, the becomes
:r
in
r !
( 9 9 )
is put, and it becomes
has to be given some Harakah, according to this rule, we can put Kasra 99, it (imperative form of the 2nd Person), we can use either
3. If the Harakah on the letter before
" _
A )> 1 2E
6 U 5: 5 :
89 5 : 5 2 5 2 5 2
: ; 5 :
L+ 0 4 * ! 0 . ! J 1 )> A )> 1 2E
5 2 5 2 5 &
5 2 5 2 `: 5 2 &
72
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 5: 5: 52 52 5&
6 U
5 : a 5 : a
5 2 a 5 2 a 5 & a 6 U
5: a 5: a
52 a 52 a 5& a
89 5: 52 52 52
: ; 5:
52 52 `: 52 &
89
: ; 5 : a 5 2 a
5 : a
5 2 a
5 2 a
5 2 a
5 2 a b 5 2 a & a
89
: ; 5: a 52 a
5: a
52 a
52 a
52 a
52 a b 52 a & a
73
0 3 U ! 0J4 * "+ ! 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@S @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@; 9% 3 U @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
5 :
5 :
5 2
5 2
5 2
5 : 5 2 5 2 b 5 2
6 U
89
: ;
5:
5:
52
52
5: 52 52 b 52
5 :
5 2 5 2 5 &
5:
52 52 5&
6 U 5 : 5 : 5 2 5 2 5 &
&
52
&
89
: ; 5 :
5 : 5 2 5 2 5 2
5 2 5 2 `: 5 2 &
74
@ ; 9% a @S L+ .
1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B @ ; 9% a @S 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@ ; 9% J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 5:
89
: ; 5:
3 U J 4* "+ @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B Y B i @; 9% J 4* " L+ . 1 )> A )> 1 2E
5: 52 52
5: 52 52 52
6 U
89
: ;
5 : , 5 : , 5 2 , 5 2 ,
5 : , 5 2 , 5 2 , 5 2 ,
5 : , 5 2 , 5 2 , `: 5 2 ,
6 U
89
5: , 5: ,
5: , 52 , 52 , 52 ,
5&
5& ,
52 , 52 , 5& ,
52 52 `: 52 &
& ,
: ; 5: , 52 , 52 , `: 52 , & ,
75
A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
5 : ` 5 : `
5 2 ` 5 2 `
5 : `
5 2 `
5 2 `
5 2 `
5 : ` 5 2 ` 5 2 ` b 5 2 `
6 U
89
: ;
5: `
5: ` 52 `
52 `
5: ` 52 ` 52 ` b 52 `
5 & `
5: `
52 ` 52 ` 5& ` 6 U
5 / 5 /
&
&
5 5
& `
52 `
& `
89
5 /
5
&
: ; 5 / 5 &
b &
& ,
&
76
Y B i @ ; 9% a " L+ .
J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B Y B i @ ; 9% a " 3 U J 4* "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
! # 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
5/ 5/
5 5 55
89
5/
5
5
5
: ; 5/ 5 5 b 5 &,
3 U ! # "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
5 : , 5 : ,
89
: ; 5 : , 5 2 ,
L+ .
@ 3 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E
5 2 , 5 2 , 5 & ,
6 U
5: , 5: ,
5 2 , 5 2 , 5& ,
5 : ,
5 2 ,
5 2 ,
5 2 , b 5 2 ,
5 2 ,
& ,
89
: ; 5: , 52 ,
5: ,
52 ,
5 2 ,
5 2 , b 5 2 ,
5 2 ,
& ,
77
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
3 U @3 9% "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U c 3 &
` 3 & c 0 & ` 0 &
& &
6 U &
c h &
` h &
c H 7 &
` H 7 &
5 7
89
f & f & g &
U/ . " Z 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
: ; &
i 7 &
h &
j 7 7 j &
&
k
U/ . @% 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
: ; e &
d &
d &
0 &
3 &
0 &
89 &
h &
h &
H 7 &
H 7
78
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
; j H $
V [ ( % T ( %
% 4 % 0 0( % 0 ( % 0^ ( % %
% 0^4 ( 4( %
N % 0 4 (
0AT ( % B9T ( % N 0 T ( %
4+ 8 ! 0( 4+(8 ! – 4+ 8 ! ( 8!
A Z j
5 j
0 ( 8 !
( % (% ( % %
+/T ( %
0z4+ 8! ( 4+(8!
% 0z % % N 0 +9%
!] j
! 4 ( @[ 0 !
40 ( !
0 ( 8 !
0 ( 8 !
0 ( 8 !
0 ( %
(8 !
(8 !
(8 !
8!
8!
8!
c ( % T( % N 0 T ( % ( %
N 0 4+ 8! (
uu uu
uu
J+ 9% K 8 4 ( !
^ ! K 8 4 ( !
0 9 ( %
0^ ( %
0^ ( %
uu
( %
( %
uu
N 0 ( %
N 0 ( %
79
: ; 89 6 U
> ( B j
: ; 89 6 U
. ; j "+
` 0 %f !
( I+ 8 j
0 e !
; j H $ A >
4 % 0( 4( % 4 % (
; 9B j * H
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
H \ H \
^ H \ ` 2 H \
& H \
5 X T 5 W :H . ;
H .; 9T H . 9G :I
89
: ; H \
H \
2 H \
_ H \
_ H \
P H \ P H \ P H \ P H \
! L+ 0 . ! @S 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
6 U
H \ H \ ^ H \ ` 2 H \
& H \
89
H \
2 H \
_ H \
_ H \
: ; H \ P H\ P H\ P H \ P H\
! 0 3 U ! @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U H : H :
89 H : H 2 H 2 H 2
: ; H :
L+ 0 4 * ! 0 . ! J 1 )> A )>
H 2 H 2 H &
H 2 H 2 `: H 2 H \
80
A 2E & 5 B
1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U H : H : H 2 H 2 H &
6 U
H : a H : a
H 2 a H 2 a H & a
6 U
H : a H : a
H 2 a H 2 a H & a
89 H : H 2 H 2 H 2
: ; H : H 2
H 2 `: H 2 H \
89
: ; H : a H 2 a
H : a
H 2 a
H 2 a
H 2 a
H 2 a b H 2 a H \ a
89
: ; H : a H 2 a
H : a
H 2 a
H 2 a
H 2 a
H 2 a b H 2 a H \ a
81
0 3 U ! 0J4 * "+ ! 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@; 9% L+ . ! @S 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@; 9% 3 U @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
H : H :
H 2 H 2 H &
6 U
H : H :
H 2
H 2 H & 6 U H : H :
H 2 H 2 H &
89
: ; H :
H :
H 2
H 2 H 2 b H 2
H 2
H 2
H \
89
: ; H :
H :
H 2
H 2 H 2 b H 2
H 2
H 2
H \
89
: ; H :
H : H 2 H 2 H 2
H 2 H 2 `: H 2 H \
82
L+ .
@S @ ; 9% a 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B @ ; 9% a 3 U @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B L+ .
@ ; 9% J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U H :
89
: ; H :
"+3 U J 4* @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B Y B i @; 9% J 4* " L+ . 1 )> A )> 1 2E
H : H 2 H 2
H : H 2 H 2 H 2
6 U
89
: ;
H : , H : , H 2 ,
H : , H 2 , H 2 , H 2 ,
H : , H 2 , H 2 , `: H 2 ,
6 U
89
: ;
H : , H : ,
H : , H 2 , H 2 , H 2 ,
H : , H 2 , H 2 , `: H 2 ,
H &
H 2 , H & ,
H 2 , H 2 , H & ,
H 2 H 2 `: H 2 H \
H \ ,
H \ ,
83
A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
H : ` H : `
H 2 ` H 2 `
H : `
H 2 `
H 2 `
H 2 `
H : ` H 2 ` H 2 ` b H 2 `
6 U
89
: ;
H : `
H : `
H 2 `
H 2 `
H 2 `
H : ` H 2 ` H 2 ` b H 2 `
89
H /
H
H \
: ; H / H
H & `
H : `
H 2 ` H 2 ` H & ` 6 U
H / H /
H \
H \
H 5
H \ `
H \ `
H \
b H \
H \ ,
H \
84
" Y B i @ ; 9% a L+ .
J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B Y B i @ ; 9% a " 3 U J 4* "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
! # 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
H / H /
H H H 5
89
H /
H
H
H
: ; H / H H b H H \ ,
3 U ! # "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
6 U
H : , H : ,
89
: ; H : ,
L+ .
@ 3 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
H 2 ,
H 2 , H & ,
6 U
H : , H : ,
H 2 , H 2 , H & ,
H : ,
H 2 ,
H 2 , H 2 , b H 2 ,
H 2 , H 2 ,
H \ ,
89
: ; H : ,
H : ,
H 2 ,
H 2 , H 2 , b H 2 ,
H 2 ,
H 2 ,
H \ ,
85
3 U @3 9% "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U c 3 H \
` 3 H \ c 0 H \ ` 0 H \
& H \
6 U c h H \
` h H \
c H 7 H \
` H 7 H \
5 7 H \
89
f H \ f H \ g H \
U/ . " Z 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
: ; i 7 H \
h H \
j 7 H \
7 H \
j k H \
U/ . @% 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
: ; e H \
d H \
d H \
3 H \
0 H \
0 H \
89
h H \
h H \
H 7 H \
H 7 H \
86
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
; 9B j * H
5 W W
( I+ 8 j c [ 5 W T 5 W
+/T 5 W
. ; j "+
; j H $
4+ 4 0 5 X ! 0 5 W 4+5 X ! 0 5 W X ! 4+ 5 X ! 0^ 5 W
0 W W W
0^4+ 5 X ! 4+5 X !
N 0 4+ 5 X !
0z W W N 0 W + W
A Z j
5 j
!] j
! 4 ( @[ 0 !
40 ( !
0 5 X !
0 5 X !
0 5 X !
0 5 X !
0 5W
5 X !
5 X !
5 X !
X !
X !
X !
T5W NT5W
N 0 4 5 W
5 W
uu uu
uu
J+ 9% K 8 4 ( !
^ ! K 8 4 ( !
0 9 5 W
0^ 5W
0^ 5W
uu
5W
5W
uu
N 0 5 W / N 0 5 W
N 0 5 W
87
: ; 89 6 U
> ( B j
: ; 89 6 U
AT 5 W B9T 5 W N 0 T 5 W
` 0 %f !
0^4 5 W 45 W
c5W
0 e !
5 W 5 W
; j H $ A >
4 0 5 W 45 W 4 5 W
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
4 C ` G C
"+ Y 9T " _ :H . ; 89
G C
6 U
4G/ C ` G C c G C m G C
5G C
89 D/ C
6 U 44 :
89
` G : 44 2 ` G 2 )4 &
: ; ) C
, C
C
c G C m G C
5G C
H .; 9T H . 9G :I l C l G C G C l
G C
l G C
G/ C
G C
G C
! 0 3 U ! @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
: ; )4 :
L+ 0 4 * ! 0 . ! J 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
)4 2 )4 2 n 4 2 )4 C
,4 2
88
A 2E & 5 B
: ; !/ C l G/C l G C G C l l G C
,4 : ,4 2 ,4 2
! L+ 0 . ! @S 1 )> A )> 1 2E
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 4 : ` G : 4 2 ` G 2 ) &
6 U
44 : a ` G : a
44 2 a ` G 2 a ! & a
6 U
4 : a ` G : a
4 2 a ` G 2 a ! & a
89 , : , 2 , 2 , 2
: ; ) : ) 2
89
: ; ! : a ! 2 a
) 2 n % 2 ) C
,4 : a ,4 2 a ,4 2 a ,4 2 a
! 2 a o4 2 a
89
: ; ! : a ! 2 a
! C a
, : a , 2 a , 2 a , 2 a
! 2 a o 2 a ! C a
89
0 3 U ! 0J4 * "+ ! 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@S @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E c pGH
@; 9% 3 U @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
44 :
,4 : ,4 2 ,4 2 ,4 2
! : ! 2 ! 2 o4 2
6 U
89
: ;
4 :
, : , 2
! : ! 2
` G :
44 2 ` G 2 ! &
` G :
4 2 ` G 2 ! &
6 U 44 : ` G :
44 2 ` G 2 )4 &
! C
, 2 , 2
! 2 o 2 ! C
89
: ; )4 :
,4 : ,4 2 ,4 2 ,4 2
) 4 2 )4 2 n 4 2 )4 C
90
@ ; 9% a @S L+ .
1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@ ; 9% a @S 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@ ; 9% J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E c pGH
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 4 :
` G : 4 2 ` G 2 ) &
89
, : , 2 , 2 , 2
: ; ) :
3 U J 4* "+ $% & 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B Y B i @; 9% J 4* " L+ . 1 )> A )> 1 2E
) 2 ) 2 n 2 ) C
6 U
89
: ;
44 : , ` G : , 44 2 ,
,4 : , ,4 2 , ,4 2 , ,4 2 ,
)4 : , )4 2 ,
)4 2 , n 4 2 , )4 C ,
6 U
89
: ;
4 : , ` G : ,
, : , , 2 ,
) : , ) 2 ,
` G 2 , )4 & ,
4 2 , ` G 2 , ) & ,
, 2 , , 2 ,
) 2 , n 2 , ) C ,
91
A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
44 : `
,4 : ` ,4 2 `
)4 : ` )4 2 `
` G : `
44 2 ` ` G 2 `
,4 2 ` ,4 2 `
)4 2 ` o4 2 `
6 U
89
: ;
4 : `
, : ` , 2 `
) : `
)4 & `
` G : `
4 2 ` ` G 2 ` ) & ` 6 U
44 / ` G /
44C
` G C ! 5
)4 C `
) 2 ` ) 2 ` o 2 `
, 2 ` , 2 `
) C `
89 ,4 / ,4 ,4 C
: ; ! / ! ! C o4 C ! C ,
,4 C
92
Y B i @ ; 9% a " L+ .
J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E c pGH
Y B i @ ; 9% a " 3 U J 4* "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
! # 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
4 / ` G /
4 ` G ! 5
89 , / , , ,
: ; ! / ! ! o ! C,
3 U ! # "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
6 U
44 : , ` G : ,
89
: ; ! :, ! 2,
L+ .
@ 3 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
44 2 , ` G 2 , ! & ,
6 U
4 : , ` G : ,
4 2 , ` G 2 , ! & ,
,4 : , ,4 2 , ,4 2 , ,4 2 ,
! 2 , o4 2 ,
89
: ; ! : , ! 2 ,
! C ,
, : , , 2 ,
, 2 , , 2 ,
! 2 , o 2 , ! C ,
93
3 U @3 9% "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U c q C
` q C c H C ` H C
5 C
6 U c h ! C
` h ! C
c H 7 ! C
` H 7 ! C
5 7 ! C
89
q C
q C
H C
H C
89
h ! C
h ! C
H 7 ! C
H 7 ! C
94
: ; i C
q C j C C j O C
U/ . " Z 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
: ; i 7 ! C
h ! C
j 7 ! C
7 ! C
j k ! C
U/ . @% 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
; 9B j * H
+ + 9_
0A + 9_ B + 9_
. ; j "+
; j H $
@[ + 9_ +9_ +/ + 9_
0 Y ! "+ M+Y ! " Y ! – + +Y !
H0 )_ "0 + 9_ R)_ 0A _ + )_
0A + 9_ B +9_ N 0 + 9_
0 +Y ! B +Y !
N 0 M+Y !
0 )_ B )_ N 0 R)_
0 + 9_ "
N 0 +_ " + 9_
N 0 M + 9_
A Z j
5 j
!] j
! 4 ( @[ 0 !
40 ( !
"0 + Y !
0 Y ! "
0 Y ! "
0 Y ! "
"0 + 9_
M+ Y !
MY !
MY !
" Y !
N 0 MY !
N 0 M Y !
H ) + 9_
uu
uu
J+ 9% K 8 4 ( !
^ ! K 8 4 ( !
H0 T+ 9_
0A _
0A + 9_
uu
B _
B +_
uu
N 0 R _
N 0 M+ 9_
: ; 89 6 U
> ( B j
: ; 89 6 U
uu
95
` 0 %f !
+_ +_
( I+ 8 j
0 e !
" + 9_ M+ 9_ + + 9_ " _
; j H $ A >
0 + 9_ " M + 9_
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
;S ; S ^; S ` 2; S
&; S
6 U
;S `: ; S c :; S m: ; S `: ; S
6 U ;] : ;] : ;] 2 ;] 2 ;] &
] >9T F p :H . ;
H .; 9T H . 9G :I
89
; S
2; S
_; S
_; S
: ;
; S P ; S
! L+ 0 . ! @S 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
: ; b ;S l :; S
! 0 3 U ! @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
P ; S P ; S P ; S
89
:; S
:; S
:; S
:; S
l: ; S ; S l: l: ; S
89 ;] : ;] 2 ;] 2 ;] 2
: ; ;] : ;] 2 ;] 2 `: ; ] 2 ;S
96
L+ 0 4 * ! 0 . ! J 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U ; ] : ` :; ] : ; ] 2 ` :; ] 2 R; ] &
6 U
;] : a ;] : a
;] 2 a
;] 2 a ;] & a 6 U
; ] : a ` :; ] : a
; ] 2 a
` :; ] 2 a ; ] & a
89 :;] : :;] 2 :;] 2 :;] 2
: ; R; ] :
89
: ; ;] : a ;] 2 a
R; ] 2 R; ] 2 ` :; ] 2 R; S
;] : a
;] 2 a
;] 2 a
;] 2 a b; ] 2 a
;] 2 a
;S a
89
: ; ; ] : a ; ] 2 a
:; ] : a
:; ] 2 a
:; ] 2 a
; ] 2 a b ; ] 2 a ; S a
:; ] 2 a
97
0 3 U ! 0J4 * "+ ! 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@S @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@; 9% 3 U @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
;] :
;] :
;] 2
;] : ;] 2 ;] 2 b; ] 2
6 U
89
: ;
; ] :
:; ] :
:; ] 2
; ] : ; ] 2
;] :
;] 2
;] 2 ;] &
` :; ] :
; ] 2
` :; ] 2 ; ] & 6 U ;] : ;] :
;] 2 ;] 2 ;] &
;] 2
;] 2
;S
:; ] 2
:; ] 2
; ] 2 R; ] 2 ; S
89
: ; ;] :
;] : ;] 2 ;] 2 ;] 2
;] 2 ;] 2 `: ; ] 2 ;S
98
@ ; 9% a @S L+ .
1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@ ; 9% a @S 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@ ; 9% J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U ; ] : ` :; ] :
89
: ; R; ] :
; ] 2 ` :; ] 2
:;] : :;] 2 :;] 2 :;] 2
R; ] 2 R; ] 2 ` :; ] 2
6 U
89
: ;
;] : , ;] : ,
;] 2 , ;] 2 ,
;] : , ;] 2 , ;] 2 , ;] 2 ,
;] : , ;] 2 , ;] 2 , `: ; ] 2 ,
6 U
89
: ;
; ] : , ` :; ] : ,
:;] : , :;] 2 , :;] 2 , :;] 2 ,
R; ] : , R; ] 2 , R; ] 2 ,
R; ] &
;] & ,
; ] 2 , ` :; ] 2 , R; ] & ,
R; S
;S ,
` :; ] 2 , R; S ,
99
3 U J 4* "+ @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " L+ . 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
;] : `
;] : `
;] 2 `
;] : ` ;] 2 ` ;] 2 ` b; ] 2 `
6 U
89
: ;
; ] : `
:; ] : `
:; ] 2 `
R; ] : ` R; ] 2 `
89
;] /
;]
;S
: ; ;] / ;] ;S
b; S
;S ,
;] : `
;] 2 `
;] 2 ` ;] & `
` :; ] : `
; ] 2 `
` :; ] 2 ` R; ] & ` 6 U
;] / ;] /
;S
;S
;] 5
;] 2 `
;] 2 `
;S `
:; ] 2 `
:; ] 2 `
R; ] 2 ` b ; ] 2 ` R; S `
;S
100
Y B i @ ; 9% a " L+ .
J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @ ; 9% a " 3 U J 4* "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
! # 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
; ] / ` :; ] /
; ] ` :; ] ;] 5
89
:; ] /
:; ]
:; ]
:; ]
: ; ; ] / ; ] ; ] R ; ] ; S ,
3 U ! # "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
;] : ,
89
: ; ;] : ,
L+ .
@ 3 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E
;] : ,
;] 2 ,
;] 2 , ;] & , 6 U
; ] : ,
` :; ] : ,
; ] 2 , ` :; ] 2 , ; ] & ,
;] : ,
;] 2 ,
;] 2 , ;] 2 , b; ] 2 ,
;] 2 ,
;] 2 ,
;S ,
89
: ; ; ] : ,
:; ] : ,
:; ] 2 ,
:; ] 2 ,
; ] 2 , ; ] 2 ,
:; ] 2 ,
R ; ] 2 , ; S ,
101
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
3 U @3 9% "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U c 3 ; S ` 3 ; S c 0 ; S
` 0 ; S
& ; S 6 U c h ; S
` h ; S
c H 7 ; S
` H 7 ; S
5 7 ; S
89
: ; e ; S
3 ; S
d ; S
d ; S
0 ; S
f ; S f ; S g ; S
0 ; S
89
h ; S
h ; S
H 7 ; S
H 7 ; S
: ; i 7 ; S
h ; S
j 7 ; S
7 ; S
j k ; S
102
U/ . " Z 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
U/ . @% 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
; j H $
+)] p
V [ ] p T ] p
+/T ] p
V [ ] >! T] >!
F>! u +/T] > !
0A) ] p B9) ] p N 0 ) ] p
0AT ] p B9T ] p N 0 T ] p
0AT] > ! B9T] >! N 0 T] >!
Fp 0K ] p 0K] p TF p F p 0^ ] p/0^ ] p 0ATF p B9TF p F + p u N 0 TF p
A Z j
5 j
!] j
! 4 ( @[ 0 !
40 ( !
c] > !
c] > !
c] > !
c] > !
K 0 ] p
T]> !
T]> !
T]> !
uu
uu
F>!
F>!
F>!
uu
uu
c] p T]p ] p F p c] p T] p N 0 T] p c] p
J+ 9% K 8 4 ( !
^ ! K 8 4 ( !
V [ ] p
0^] p
0^] p
uu
] p
] p
uu
N 0 ] p / N 0 ] p
N 0 ] p
103
: ; 89 6 U
> ( B j
: ; 89 6 U
. ; j "+
` 0 %f !
( I+ 8 j
0 e !
; j H $ A >
K 0 ] p ) ] p
; 9B j * H
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
.8 \ ? . \
/ X T W :H . ; 89
2.\
_? . \
_? . \
6 U
.8 \ ? . \ ^ ? . \ ` 2? . \
&? . \
89
6 U 8. : ? . : 8. 2 ? . 2 .8 &
: ; . \
.\
^ ? . \ ` 2? . \
&? . \
H .; 9T H . 9G :I P .\ P ? . \ P ? . \ P ? . \
! L+ 0 . ! @S 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
2.\
_? . \
_? . \
: ; . \
P .\ P ? .\ P ? . \ P ? .\
! 0 3 U ! @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
89 . : . 2 . 2
: ; .8 :
L+ 0 4 * ! 0 . ! J 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
.\
.8 2 .8 2
. 2
`: .p 2 .8 \
104
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 8. : ? . : 8. 2
89 . : . 2 . 2 . 2
6 U
.8 : a ? . : a
89
? . 2 .8 &
.8 2 a
? . 2 a .8 & a 6 U
.8 : a ? . : a
.8 2 a ? . 2 a .8 & a
: ; .8 : .8 2 .8 2
`:p . 2 .8 \
: ; .8 : a .8 2 a
. : a
. 2 a
. 2 a
.8 2 a b. 2 a .8 \ a
89
. 2 a
: ; .8 : a .8 2 a
. 2 a
bp. 2 a
. 2 a
. : a
.8 2 a
. 2 a
.8 \ a
105
0 3 U ! 0J4 * "+ ! 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@S @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@; 9% 3 U @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
.8 :
. :
.8 :
. 2
.8 2
? . :
.8 2 ? . 2 .8 &
.8 2
. 2
. 2
bp. 2
6 U
89
: ;
.8 :
. :
.8 :
. 2
.8 2
? . :
.8 2 ? . 2 .8 & 6 U 8. : ? . : 8. 2
? . 2 .8 &
.8 \
.8 2
. 2
. 2
bp. 2
89
: ; .8 :
.8 \
. : . 2 . 2 . 2
.8 2 .8 2
`:p . 2 .8 \
106
@ ; 9% a @S L+ .
1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@ ; 9% a @S 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@ ; 9% J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 8. : ? . : 8. 2
? . 2 .8 &
89
: ; .8 :
. : . 2 . 2 . 2
.8 2 .8 2
`:p . 2 .8 \
6 U
89
: ;
8. : , ? . : ,
. : , . 2 ,
.8 : ,
8. 2 , ? . 2 , .8 & ,
.8 2 ,
. 2 , . 2 ,
.8 2 ,
`:p . 2 , .8 \ ,
6 U
89
: ;
8. : , ? . : ,
. : , . 2 ,
.8 : ,
8. 2 , ? . 2 , .8 & ,
.8 2 ,
. 2 , . 2 ,
.8 2 ,
`:p . 2 , .8 \ ,
107
3 U J 4* "+ @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " L+ . 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
.8 : `
. : `
. : `
. 2 `
. 2 `
? . : ` .8 2 ` ? . 2 ` . & `
. 2 `
. 2 `
. 2 `
bp. 2 `
6 U
89
: ;
.8 : `
. : `
. : `
. 2 `
. 2 `
? . : `
.8 2 ` ? . 2 ` . & ` 6 U
.8 / ? . /
.8 \ ? . \
. 5
. \ `
. 2 `
. 2 `
Y B i @ ; 9% a " L+ .
J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @ ; 9% a " 3 U J 4* "+ 1 )> A )>
. 2 `
bp. 2 ` . \ `
1 2E A 2E & 5 B
89
. /
.
.\
: ; . / . .p \ / . \
L+ .
! # 1 )> A )> 1 2E
.\
Rp.\ . \ ,
108
A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
.8 / ? . /
.8 ? . .p 5 / . 5
89
. /
.
.
.
: ; . / . .p / . Rp. .p \ , / . \ ,
3 U ! # "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
.8 : ,
89
. : ,
: ; . : ,
. 2 ,
. 2 ,
L+ .
@ 3 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E
? . : ,
.8 2 ,
? . 2 , .p & , / . & , 6 U
.8 : ,
? . : ,
.8 2 ,
? . 2 , .p & , / . & ,
. 2 ,
. 2 ,
. 2 ,
Rp. 2 ,
.p \ , / . \ ,
89
. : ,
: ; . : ,
. 2 ,
. 2 ,
. 2 ,
. 2 ,
. 2 ,
Rp. 2 ,
.p \ , / . \ ,
109
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
3 U @3 9% "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U c 3 .\ ` 3 .\ c 0 . \ ` 0 . \
&. \ 6 U c h ? . \
` h ? . \
c H 7 ? . \
` H 7 ? . \
5 7 ? . \
89
: ; e.\
d .\
d .\
0 . \
0 . \
3 .\ f .\ .\ f g .\
89
h ? . \
h ? . \
H 7 ? . \
H 7 ? . \
: ; i 7 ? . \
h ? . \
j 7 ? .\
7 ? . \
j k ? . \
110
U/ . " Z 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
U/ . @% 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
cW W T
NT 0 W : W
0^: W : W
N 0 : W
0AT& W B9T& W N 0 T& W
N 0 : X !
:/ + W u N 0 :W
A Z j
5 j
!] j
! 4 ( @[ 0 !
40 ( !
[ X !
[ X !
[ X !
[ X !
[ W
X !
X !
X !
uu
uu
:/ X !
:/ X !
:/ X !
uu
uu
[:W :0 X ! :0 W : :W :0 W X ! :/ X ! : X ! 0^: W /:W 0^: W : W
0^: X ! : X !
J+ 9% K 8 4 ( !
^ ! K 8 4 ( !
0 T W
0^ W
0^ W
uu
W
W
uu
N 0 W
N 0 W
111
: ; 89 6 U
> ( B j
: ; 89 6 U
+/T& W
:/ W :/ W
c [ & W T& W
; j H $
` 0 %f !
: W
/ W
. ; j "+
0 e !
( I+ 8 j
W
; j H $ A >
:0 W : W
; 9B j * H
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
4G
` G
c G
m G
5G
6 U
4G
` G
c G
m G
5G
6 U 4G 1 : ` G 1 : 4G 1 2 ` G 1 2 ! 1 &
H ! aT H ! :H . ;
H .; 9T H . 9G :I
89
: ; !
D
G
l G
l G
G
l
G
G
l G
89
: ; !
D
G
l G
l G
G
l
G
G
l G
89 D 1 : D 1 2 D 1 2 D 1 2
: ; ! 1 : ! 1 2 ! 1 2 n G 1 2 ! s
112
! L+ 0 . ! @S 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B ! 0 3 U ! @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B L+ 0 4 * ! 0 . ! J 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 4G t : ` G t : 4G t 2 ` G t 2 ! t &
6 U
4G 1 : a ` G 1 : a
4G 1 2 a
` G 1 2 a ! 1 & a 6 U
4G t : a ` G t : a
4G t 2 a
` G t 2 a ! t & a
0 3 U ! 0J4 * "+ ! 1 )> A )> 1 2E
89 D t : D t 2 D t 2 D t 2
: ; ! t :
89
: ; ! 1 : a ! 1 2 a ! 1 2 a $ G 1 2 a ! s a
L+ .
@S @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E
: ; ! t : a ! t 2 a
@; 9% 3 U @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
! t 2 ! t 2 n G t 2 !
D 1 : a D 1 2 a D 1 2 a D 1 2 a
89
D t : a D t 2 a
D t 2 a D t 2 a
! t 2 a $ G t 2 a ! a
113
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
4G 1 : ` G 1 :
D 1 : D 1 2 D 1 2 D 1 2
! 1 : ! 1 2 ! 1 2 $ G 1 2
6 U
89
: ;
4G t :
D t : D t 2
! t : ! t 2 ! t 2 $ G t 2 !
89 D 1 : D 1 2 D 1 2 D 1 2
: ; ! 1 : ! 1 2
4G 1 2 ` G 1 2 ! 1 &
` G t :
4G t 2
` G t 2 ! t & 6 U 4G 1 : ` G 1 : 4G 1 2 ` G 1 2 ! 1&
! s
D t 2 D t 2
! 1 2 n G 1 2 ! s
114
@ ; 9% a @S L+ .
1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@ ; 9% a @S 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@ ; 9% J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 4G t : ` G t :
89
: ; ! t :
4G t 2 ` G t 2
D t : D t 2 D t 2 D t 2
6 U
89
: ;
4G 1 : , ` G 1 : , 4G 1 2 ,
D 1 : , D 1 2 , D 1 2 , D 1 2 ,
! 1 : , ! 1 2 , ! 1 2 , n G 1 2 ,
6 U
89
: ;
4G t : , ` G t : ,
D t : , D t 2 , D t 2 , D t 2 ,
! t : , ! t 2 , ! t 2 , n G t 2 , ! ,
! t &
` G 1 2 , ! 1& ,
4G t 2 , ` G t 2 , ! t & ,
! t 2 ! t 2 n G t 2 !
! s ,
115
3 U J 4* "+ @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " L+ . 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
4G 1 : ` ` G 1 : `
D 1 : ` D 1 2 ` D 1 2 ` D 1 2 `
! 1 : ` ! 1 2 ` ! 1 2 ` $ G 1 2 `
6 U
89
: ;
4G t : `
D t : ` D t 2 `
! t : ` ! t 2 ` ! t 2 ` $ G t 2 ` ! `
89 D 1 / D 1 D
: ; ! 1 / ! 1
4G 1 2 ` ` G 1 2 ` ! 1 & `
` G t : `
4G t 2 ` ` G t 2 ` ! t & ` 6 U
4G 1 / ` G 1 /
4G
` G
! 1 5
! s `
D t 2 ` D t 2 `
!
$ G
! u
D
116
Y B i @ ; 9% a " L+ .
J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @ ; 9% a " 3 U J 4* "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
! # 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
4G t / ` G t /
4G t ` G t ! t 5
89 D t / D t D t D t
: ; ! t / ! t ! t $ G t !
3 U ! # "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
4G 1 : , ` G 1 : ,
89
: ; ! 1 : , ! 1 2 ,
L+ .
@ 3 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E
4G 1 2 , ` G 1 2 , ! 1 & ,
6 U
4G t : ,
` G t : ,
4G t 2 , ` G t 2 , ! t & ,
D 1 : , D 1 2 , D 1 2 ,
! 1 2 , $ G 1 2 , ! s ,
D 1 2 ,
89
: ; ! t : ,
D t : , D t 2 ,
! t 2 , ! t 2 , $ G t 2 ,
D t 2 , D t 2 ,
! ,
117
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
3 U @3 9% "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U c v G s ` v G s
89
: ; i G s
v G s
v G s
v G s
c H G s ` H G s
H G s
j G s G s j O G s
6 U c h ! s ` h ! s c H 7 ! s ` H 7 ! s
5 7 ! s
89
h ! s
h ! s
H 7 ! s
H 7 ! s
: ; i 7 ! s
h ! s j 7 ! s 7 ! s j k ! s
5 G s
H G s
118
U/ . " Z 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
U/ . @% 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
; 9B j * H
. ; j "+
; j H $
@[ ! ! +/ !
0 ! a! "+ M+! a! H ! ! + +! a!
0 ! H0 !~ " H0 ! R!~ 0A ! + !~
0A +! a! B +!a!
0A !~ B !~
+ !
0A ! B !
N 0 M!
0A ! B ! N 0 !
N 0 M+! a!
H ! – N 0 R!~
A Z j
5 j
!] j
! 4 ( @[ 0 !
40 ( !
H0 ! a!
H0 ! a!
H0 ! a!
H0 ! a!
H0 !
R! a!
R! a!
R! a!
uu
uu
H ! !
H ! !
H ! !
uu
uu
H !
J+ 9% K 8 4 ( !
^ ! K 8 4 ( !
H0 !
0A !
0A !
uu
B !
B !
uu
N 0 R ! / N 0 R !
N 0 R!
119
: ; 89 6 U
> ( B j
: ; 89 6 U
! ! N 0 !
` 0 %f !
( I+ 8 j
0 e !
H !~ R!~ + !~ H !
; j H $ A >
" ! M!
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
47 ` 7 c 7 m 7
57
6 U
47 ` 7 c 7 m 7
57
6 U 47 : ` 7 : 47 2 ` 7 2 6 &
I T I :H . ; * S
H . ; 9T H . 9G :I
89
: ; 6 -
7
7
l 7 l 7 7l
7
7
l 7 -
89
7
: ; 6 l 7
7
7
7
l 7 7 l l 7 -
89 7 : 7 2 7 2 7 2
: ; 6 : 6 2
6 2 n 2 7 6
-
120
! L+ 0 . ! @S 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B ! 0 3 U ! @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B L+ 0 4 * ! 0 . ! J 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 47 : ` 7 : 47 2 ` 7 2
89 7 : 7 2 7 2 7 2
6 2 6 2 n 2 7
6 U
47 : a
89
7 : a
: ; 6 : a
` 7 2 a 6 & a
7 2 a
6 &
` 7 : a
47 2 a
6 U
47 : a ` 7 : a
47 2 a
` 7 2 a 6 & a
: ; 6 :
6
-
7 2 a
7 2 a
6 2 a 6 2 a ◌ b◌ 6 2 a 6 a -
89
: ; 6 : a 6 2 a
7 : a
7 2 a
7 2 a
6 2 a k 2 a
7 2 a
6 a -
121
0 3 U ! 0J4 * "+ ! 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@S @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@; 9% 3 U @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
47 : ` 7 :
7 :
7 2
6 : 6 2
47 2 ` 7 2
6 &
7 2
7 2
6 2 k 2 6 -
6 U
89
: ;
47 :
7 :
7 2
7 2
6 : 6 2 6 2 k 2
` 7 :
47 2
` 7 2 6 & 6 U 47 :
` 7 : 47 2 ` 7 2 6 &
7 2
6 -
89 7 : 7 2 7 2 7 2
: ; 6 :
6 2 6 2
n 2 7 6 -
122
@ ; 9% a @S L+ .
1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@ ; 9% a @S 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@ ; 9% J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 47 : ` 7 :
89
: ; 6 :
47 2 ` 7 2
7 : 7 2 7 2 7 2
6 U
89
: ;
47 : , ` 7 : , 47 2 ,
7 : , 7 2 , 7 2 , 7 2 ,
6 : , 6 2 ,
6 2 , n 2 , 7
6 U
89
: ;
47 : , ` 7 : ,
7 : , 7 2 , 7 2 , 7 2 ,
6 : , 6 2 , 6 2 , n 2 , 7 6 , -
6 &
` 7 2 , 6 & ,
47 2 , ` 7 2 , 6 & ,
6 2 6 2 n 2 7 6 -
6 , -
123
3 U J 4* "+ @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " L+ . 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
47 : ` ` 7 : `
7 : `
7 2 `
6 : ` 6 2 `
47 2 ` ` 7 2 `
6 & `
7 2 `
7 2 `
6 2 ` k 2 ` 6 ` -
6 U
89
: ;
47 : `
7 : `
7 2 `
7 2 `
6 : ` 6 2 ` 6 2 ` k 2 `
` 7 : `
47 2 `
` 7 2 ` 6 & ` 6 U
47 / ` 7 /
47
` 7
6 5
7 2 `
6 ` -
89
7 /
7
7
7
: ; 6 / 6 6
k
6 , -
124
Y B i @ ; 9% a " L+ .
J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @ ; 9% a " 3 U J 4* "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
! # 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
47 / ` 7 /
47 ` 7 6 5
89
7 /
7
7
7
: ; 6 / 6 6 k 6 , -
3 U ! # "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
47 : ,
89
7 : ,
: ; 6 : ,
` 7 2 , 6 & ,
7 2 ,
k 2 , 6 , -
L+ .
@ 3 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E
` 7 : ,
47 2 ,
6 U
47 : ,
` 7 : ,
47 2 , ` 7 2 ,
6 & ,
7 2 ,
7 2 ,
6 2 , 6 2 ,
89
: ; 6 : ,
7 : ,
7 2 ,
7 2 ,
6 2 , 6 2 , k 2 ,
7 2 ,
6 , -
125
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
3 U @3 9% "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U c v 7 ` v 7
89
: ; i 7 -
v 7
v 7
c H 7 ` H 7
5 7
H 7
6 U c h 6
` h 6
c H 7 6
` H 7 6
5 7 6
-
89
h 6
h 6
H 7 6
H 7 6
-
h j 7 7j O 7
H 7
: ; i 7 6
h 6
j
7 6 7 6 j
k 6
-
126
U/ . " Z 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
U/ . @% 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
. ; j "+
; j H $
+ S
@[ S S
+/ S
I ! 0 * * ! I ! ! u + * 4 *
I I 0 S 0 4 S 4 S I 0 S 0A S +4 S
0A S B9 S N 0 S
0A S B S N 0 S
0A * ! B9* ! N ! 0 *
0A4 S B94 S N 0 4 S
A Z j
5 j
!] j
! 4 ( @[ 0 !
40 ( !
I ! 0 *
I ! 0 *
I ! 0 *
I ! 0 *
I 0 S
* !
* !
* !
uu
uu
I ! 4 *
I ! 4 *
I ! 4 *
uu
uu
I S S +S I 4 S S 9S N 0 9 S I S
I 4 + S
^ ! K 8 4 ( !
1 0 T S
0A S
0A S
uu
B9S
B9S
uu
/ N N 0 S 0 S
N 0 S
: ; 89 6 U
J+ 9% K 8 4 ( !
: ; 89 6 U
> ( B j
127
` 0 %f !
( I+ 8 j
0 e !
; j H $ A >
I 0 S S
; 9B j * H
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
. T $ :H . ;
H . ; 9T H . 9G :I
2. 9
_. 9
_. 9
P . 9 P . 9 P . 9 P . 9
! L+ 0 . ! @S 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
6 U
. 9 . 9 ^ . 9 ` 2. 9
&. 9
89
. 9
2. 9
_. 9
_. 9
: ; . 9 P . 9 P . 9 P . 9 P . 9
! 0 3 U ! @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
6 U . " : . " : . " 2
89 . " : . " 2 . " 2
: ; . " : . " 2
L+ 0 4 * ! 0 . ! J 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
6 U
. 9 . 9 ^ . 9 ` 2. 9
&. 9
. " 2 . " &
89
: ; . 9
. 9
. " 2 `: ." 2 . 9
. " 2
128
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
89 . 94 : . 94 2 . 94 2 . 94 2
6 U
. " : a . " : a
. " 2 a . " 2 a . " & a
89
. " : a
. " 2 a
. " 2 a
. " 2 a
: ; . " : a . " 2 a . " 2 a b. " 2 a . 9 a
L+ .
@S @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
. 94 : a . 94 : a
89
: ; . 94 : a . 94 2 a
@; 9% 3 U @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
. 94 2 . 94 &
. 94 2 a
. 94 2 a . 94 & a
: ; . 94 :
0 3 U ! 0J4 * "+ ! 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U . 94 : . 94 : . 94 2
. 94 2 . 94 2 2 `: .94 . 9
. 94 : a
. 94 2 a
. 94 2 a
. 94 2 a b. 94 2 a . 9 a
. 94 2 a
129
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
. " : . " :
. " 2 . " 2 . " &
. " :
. " 2
. " 2
. " 2
. " : . " 2
. " 2 b. " 2
6 U
89
: ;
. 94 :
. 94 :
. 94 : . 94 2
. 94 :
. 94 2 . 94 2 . 94 & 6 U . " : . " : . " 2 . " 2 . " &
. 9
. 94 2
. 94 2
. 94 2 b. 94 2 . 9
89 . " : . " 2 . " 2 . " 2
: ; . " : . " 2 . " 2 `: ." 2 . 9
. 94 2
130
@ ; 9% a @S L+ .
1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@ ; 9% a @S 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@ ; 9% J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U . 94 : . 94 : . 94 2 . 94 2 . 94 &
89
: ; . 94 :
. 94 : . 94 2 . 94 2 . 94 2
. 94 2 . 94 2 2 `: .94 . 9
6 U
89
: ;
. " : , . " : , . " 2 ,
. " : , . " 2 , . " 2 , . " 2 ,
. " : , . " 2 ,
. " 2 , `: ." 2 , . 9 ,
6 U
89
: ;
. 94 : , . 94 : ,
. 94 : , . 94 2 , . 94 2 , . 94 2 ,
. 94 : , . 94 2 ,
. " 2 , . " & ,
. 94 2 , . 94 2 , . 94 & ,
. 94 2 , 2 , `: .94 . 9 ,
131
3 U J 4* "+ @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " L+ . 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
. " : ` . " : `
. " 2 ` . " 2 ` . " & `
. " : `
. " 2 `
. " 2 `
. " 2 `
. " : ` . " 2 ` . " 2 ` b. " 2 ` . 9 `
6 U
89
: ;
. 94 : `
. 94 : `
. 94 : ` . 94 2 `
. 94 : `
. 94 2 ` . 94 2 ` . 94 & ` 6 U
. " / . " /
. 9 . 9 . " 5
. 94 2 `
. 94 2 `
. 94 2 `
. 94 2 ` b. 94 2 ` . 9 `
89
. " /
. "
. 9
. 9
: ; . " / . " . 9 b. 9 . 9 ,
132
Y B i @ ; 9% a " L+ .
J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @ ; 9% a " 3 U J 4* "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
! # 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
. 94 / . 94 /
. 9 . 9
89
. 94 /
. 94
. 9
. 9
: ; . 94 / . 94 . 9 b. 9 . 9 ,
3 U ! # "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
. " : , . " : ,
. " 2 , . " 2 , . " & ,
89
. " : ,
. " 2 ,
. " 2 ,
. " 2 ,
: ; . " : , . " 2 ,
L+ .
@ 3 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
. 94 : ,
89
. 94 5
. 94 : ,
. 94 2 ,
. 94 2 , . 94 & ,
. " 2 , b. " 2 , . 9 ,
: ; . 94 : ,
. 94 : ,
. 94 2 ,
. 94 2 , . 94 2 , b. 94 2 , . 9 ,
. 94 2 ,
. 94 2 ,
133
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
3 U @3 9% "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U c 3 . 9 ` 3 . 9 c 0 . 9 ` 0 . 9
&. 9 6 U c h . 9
` h . 9
c H 7 . 9
` H 7 . 9
5 7 . 9
89
: ; e. 9
d . 9
d . 9
0 . 9
3 . 9 f . 9 f . 9 g . 9
0 . 9
89
h . 9
h . 9
H 7 . 9
H 7 . 9
: ; i 7 . 9
h . 9
j 7 . 9
7 . 9
j k . 9
134
U/ . " Z 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
U/ . @% 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
; 9B j * H
$ $
( I+ 8 j
. ; j "+
; j H $
c [ $ T $ +/T$
:0 +$ + ! :+ $+!
:0 $ 0 $ $ 0 $ 0^ $ $
: $
0^ $ $ N 0 $ $
0^: $ : $
N 0 : $
0AT $ B9T $ N 0 T $
A Z j
5 j
!] j
! 4 ( @[ 0 !
40 ( !
. "/
. 9 4
. 9 4
. 9 4
. 9
. "/
. 9 4
. 9 4
xx
xx
4 . 9
4 . 9
4 . 9
xx
xx
$
N 0 :+ $+ !
J+ 9% K 8 4 ( !
^ ! K 8 4 ( !
. /9
J. 9
J. 9
xx
2. 9
2. 9
xx
P
. 9 / P
. 9
P
. 9
135
: ; 89 6 U
> ( B j
: ; 89 6 U
c $ T $ N 0 T $
` 0 %f !
– :+ $ + ! +! $ 0^:+ $ + ! :+ $ + !
0 e !
$ $
; j H $ A >
:0 $ : $
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
4 0 ` G 0 c G 0 m G 0
5G 0 6 U
4G/ 0 ` G 0 c G 0 m G 0
5G 0
6 U 4G/H : ` G H : 4G/H 2 ` G H 2 !/ H &
:H.; H 5T "
H . ; 9T H . 9G :I
89 , 0
0
G 0
G 0
89 D/ 0
G/ 0
G 0
G 0
89 D/H : D/H 2 D/H 2 D/H 2
136
: ; ) 0 l 0 l G 0 G 0 l l G 0
! L+ 0 . ! @S 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
: ; !/ 0 l G/0 l G 0 G 0 l l G 0
! 0 3 U ! @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
: ; !/ H : !/ H 2 !/ H 2 n G/H 2 !/ 0
L+ 0 4 * ! 0 . ! J 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 4 H : ` G H :
0 3 U ! 0J4 * "+ ! 1 )> A )> 1 2E
89 , H : , H 2 , H 2 , H 2
: ; ) H : ) H 2
6 U
4G/H : a ` G H : a
4G/H 2 a ` G H 2 a ! H & a
89 D/H : a D/H 2 a D/H 2 a D/H 2 a
: ; ! H : a ! H 2 a ! H 2 a $ G/H 2 a ! 0 a
L+ .
@S @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
4 H : a ` G H : a
89
: ; ! H : a ! H 2 a
@; 9% 3 U @S "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
4 H 2 ` G H 2 ) H &
4 H 2 a ` G H 2 a ! H & a
) H 2 n H 2 ) 0
, H : a , H 2 a , H 2 a , H 2 a
! H 2 a H 2 a o ! 0 a
137
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
4G/H : ` G H :
4G/H 2 ` G H 2 ! H &
D/H : D/H 2 D/H 2 D/H 2
! H : ! H 2 ! H 2 $ G/H 2
6 U
89
: ;
4 H :
, H : , H 2
! H : ! H 2
` G H :
4 H 2 ` G H 2 ! H &
6 U 4G/H : ` G H : 4G/H 2 ` G H 2 !/ H &
! 0
, H 2 , H 2
! H 2 H 2 o ! 0
89 D/H : D/H 2 D/H 2 D/H 2
: ; !/ H : !/ H 2 !/ H 2 n G/H 2 !/ 0
138
@ ; 9% a @S L+ .
1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
@ ; 9% a @S 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
@ ; 9% J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U 4 H : ` G H :
89
: ; ) H : ) H 2
4 H 2 ` G H 2
, H : , H 2 , H 2 , H 2
6 U
89
: ;
4G/H : , ` G H : , 4G/H 2 ,
D/H : , D/H 2 ,
!/ H : , !/ H 2 , !/ H 2 , n G/H 2 , !/ 0 ,
6 U
89
: ;
4 H : , ` G H : ,
, H : , , H 2 ,
) H : , ) H 2 ,
) H &
` G H 2 , !/ H & ,
4 H 2 , ` G H 2 , ) H & ,
) H 2 n H 2 ) 0
D/H 2 , D/H 2 ,
, H 2 , , H 2 ,
) H 2 , n H 2 , ) 0 ,
139
3 U J 4* "+ @ ; 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " L+ . 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @; 9% J 4* " 3 U "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
89
: ;
4G/H : ` ` G H : `
4G/H 2 ` ` G H 2 ` !/ H & `
D/H : ` D/H 2 ` D/H 2 ` D/H 2 `
!/ H : ` !/ H 2 ` !/ H 2 ` $ G/H 2 ` !/ 0 `
6 U
89
: ;
4 H : `
, H : ` , H 2 `
) H : ` ) H 2 `
` G H : `
4 H 2 ` ` G H 2 ` ) H & ` 6 U
4G/H / ` G H /
4G/ 0 ` G 0 ! H 5
, H 2 ` , H 2 `
) H 2 ` o H 2 `
89 D/H / D/H D/ 0 D/ 0
: ; ! H / ! H ! 0 $ G/ 0
) 0 `
! 0 ,
140
Y B i @ ; 9% a " L+ .
J 4* 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Y B i @ ; 9% a " 3 U J 4* "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
L+ .
! # 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U
4 H / ` G H /
4 H ` G H ! H 5
89 , H / , H , H , H
: ; ! H / ! H ! H o H ! 0 ,
3 U ! # "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
4G/H : , ` G H : ,
4G/H 2 , ` G H 2 , ! H & ,
89 D/H : , D/H 2 , D/H 2 , D/H 2 ,
: ; ! H : , ! H 2 , ! H 2 , $ G/H 2 , ! 0 ,
L+ .
@ 3 9% 1 )> A )> 1 2E
6 U
4 H : ,
89
: ; ! H : ,
3 U @3 9% "+ 1 )> A )> 1 2E
` G H : ,
4 H 2 , ` G H 2 , ! H & ,
, H : , , H 2 ,
! H 2 , ! H 2 , o H 2 ,
, H 2 , , H 2 ,
! 0 ,
141
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
6 U c q 0 ` q 0
89
: ; i 0
q 0
q 0
q 0
c H 0 ` H 0
H 0
j 0 0 j 0 O
6 U c h ! 0
` h ! 0
c H 7 ! 0
` H 7 ! 0
5 7 ! 0
89
h ! 0
h ! 0
H 7 ! 0
H 7 ! 0
: ; i 7 ! 0
h ! 0
j 7 ! 0
7 ! 0
j k ! 0
5 0
H 0
142
U/ . " Z 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
U/ . @% 1 9B H . G 1 )> A )> 1 2E A 2E & 5 B
Learn Qur’anic Arabic – Class Notes
+
@[
+/
H 0 5! R 5 ! H T5 ! u + 5 !
0A B
N 0 M
0A B N 0
0A 5 ! B 5 ! N 0 R 5 !
H T + u N 0 R)
A Z j
5 j
!] j
! 4 ( @[ 0 !
40 ( !
H0 5!
H 0 5!
H 0 5!
0 5 ! "
H0
R 5!
R 5 !
R 5 !
uu
uu
H T5 !
N 0 R 5 !
N 0 R 5 !
uu
uu
H R + 9 H T
+ + N 0 + H
; j H $ 0 " H0
H0 ) R)
0A + ) 0A ) B )
J+ 9% K 8 4 ( !
^ ! K 8 4 ( !
H0 9
0A 9
0A 9
uu
B
B 9
uu
N 0 R
N 0 R
143
: ; 89 6 U
> ( B j
: ; 89 6 U
. ; j "+
` 0 %f !
( I+ 8 j
0 e !
; j H $ A >
0 " M
; 9B j * H
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