Learn Afrikaans E-book

Learn Afrikaans

Published by Discs Direct Copyright 2005

Contents

Language Note

3

Alphabet & Pronunciation

4

Vocabulary

6

Afrikaans- English Dictionary

Learn Afrikaans E-book Published and distributed by Discs Direct.

8

You can print the book for personal and non-commercial use. All rights reserved. Copyright 2005 Discs Direct.

Language note Afrikaans - previously known as Cape Dutch or Kitchen Dutch History

The language Afrikaans has its roots in seventeenth century Dutch but it has been influenced by many languages including: English, Malay, German, Portuguese, French and some African languages. Up until the 19th century Afrikaans acted only as the spoken language and Dutch was used as the formal and written language. On 14 August 1875 the GRA, an organization that promoted the Afrikaans language, was formed by Rev. S.J. Du Toit. The first complete translation of the Bible into Afrikaans was made in 1933. According to Act 8 of 1925 of South Africa it became the official language (incorporated into Dutch) together with English. The language was promoted alongside Afrikaner nationalism after 1948 and played an important role in minority white rule in Apartheid South Africa. With the new constitution of South Africa (1996) it was again accepted as one of the official languages of South Africa. It is important to note that Afrikaans is spoken by all races and ethnic groups in South Africa and much has been done in recent years to promote varieties of this language that were suppressed during the years of Apartheid.

CLASSIFICATION: Family: Indo-European Group: Germanic Subgroup: West Germanic VARIETIES: Eastern Cape Afrikaans (Oosgrensafrikaans - which became Standard Afrikaans), Cape Afrikaans (Kaapse Afrikaans) and Orange River Afrikaans (Oranjerivierafrikaans).

Speakers Around 5 811 547 people use Afrikaans as their home language in South Africa. The language is also spoken in the Republic of Namibia.

Alphabet

Pronunciation Guide Example of use in Afrikaans placed in brackets.

a - as u in cup (kap) aa - as u in cup but longer like ah (daad) aai - as y in why (laai) ae - as u in dust but longer like ah, followed by article a (dae) b - similar to b in English c - as k in kitten (Calvinis) c - as s in size (celcius) ch - guttural sound like ch in loch (chemie) ch - as k in kitten (chloor) ch/sj - as sh in shot (China/Sjina) d - as d in donkey (daar) d - as t in hat (bed) e - as ee in deer (edel) e - as e in hen (ken) e - as e in angel (bevat) ê - as ai in hair (hê)

ee - as ee in deer (een) eë/ië - as ea in fear, pronounced as two sounds (leër/skiër) eeu - as ew in few (leeu) ei - as ay in play (seil) eu - as ee in deer with lips pouted (deur) eu - as ew in few (euforie) f - similar to f in English g - gutteral sound like ch in loch (geld) gh - as g in golf (gholf) h - similar to h in English i - as e in angel (sit) ie - as ee in breed (dier) ie - as i in sick (siek) j - as y in you (jaar) kn - as c in cat + n in no (knoop) ng - as ng in sing (vang) o - as oo in loot followed by rapid w with pouted lips (bode) o - as oo in loot, but shorter (euforie) o - as o in fort but shorter (oggend) o - as oy in boy (potjie) ô - as au in cause (môre) oe - as oo in loot (voer) oe - as oo in loot, but shorter (voet) oë - as oe in doer (vermoë) oei - as ooey in phooey but preceded with rapid w (koei) oo - as oo in loot followed by rapid w with pouted lips (soom) ooi - as oi in oil but preceded with rapid w (strooi) ou - as oa in coat (hout) p - similar to p in English r - as r in very, but lightly rolled (duiker) r - strongly rolled r, almost Scots (rooi) s - similar to s in English t - similar to t in English tj - as ch in chunk (tjank) u - as i in sick with lips pouted (u) ui - as ay in play but longer with pouted lips (lui) uie - as aye in player but longer with pouted lips (beduie) uu - as ee in breed but with lips pouted (duur) v - as f in fun (vul) w - as w in sweep (swem) w - as v in visit (water) y - as ay in play (yster) z - similar to z in English

General Words and Phrases Greeting Hello - Hallo Good morning - Goeiemôre

Good afternoon - Goeiemiddag Good evening - Goeienaand Good day (sir/madam/ladies and gentlemen/Jan) - Goeiedag (meneer/mevrou/dames en here/Jan) How are you? - Hoe gaan dit met jou? (More respectful: Hoe gaan dit met u?) I am fine. - Dit gaan goed met my. Fine, thank you. - Goed dankie. Goodbye - Totsiens Nice to meet you. - Aangename kennis. Good luck - Voorspoed Have a safe journey. - Veilige reis.

Expressions yes - ja no - nee please - asseblief thank you - dankie help - help danger - gevaar emergency - noodgeval excuse me - verskoon my I am sorry. - Ek is jammer. I love you. - Ek is lief vir jou. Questions / sentences Do you accept (credit cards/traveler's cheques)? - Aanvaar u (kredietkaarte/reisigerstjeks)? How much is this? - Hoeveel kos dit? I want ... - Ek wil ... hê. I'm looking for ... - Ek is opsoek na ... What are you doing? - Wat doen jy? What is that? - Wat is dit daardie? What is the time? - Hoe laat is dit? What is this? - Wat is dit? Where are you going? - Waarheen gaan jy? Where is ...? - Waar is ...? (bank - bank / doctor - dokter / dentist - tandarts / garage - motorhawe / hotel - hotel / pharmacy - apteek / police station - polisiestasie / post office - poskantoor / railway station spoorwegstasie / restaurant - restourant / toilets - toilette / winkel - shop) Numbers 1 - one - een 2 - two - twee 3 - three - drie 4 - four - vier 5 - five - vyf 6 - six - ses 7 - seven - sewe 8 - eight - agt 9 - nine - nege 10 - ten - tien 11 - eleven - elf 12 - twelve - twaalf 13 - thirteen - dertien 14 - fourteen - veertien 15 - fifteen - vyftien 20 - twenty - twintig 21 - twenty one - een en twintig 22 - twenty two - twee en twintig 50 - fifty - vyftig

100 - hundred -honderd 1000 - thousand - duisend

Computers and Internet terms computer - rekenaar e-mail - e-pos e-mail address - e-posadres Internet - Internet Internet café - Internetkafee Internet service provider - Internetdiensverskaffer website - webwerf website address - webwerfadres web page - webblad

Expressions and Idioms The Afrikaans language is very rich in idiomatic expressions. Many of the idioms used in Afrikaans were inherited from Dutch or loaned from English. The expression is listed, followed by a literal translation (or English equivalent). In the next line the explanation of the idiom is provided in Afrikaans, followed by an English explanation. Vyfde wiel aan die wa wees. (To be the fifth wheel on the wagon.) Oorbodig wees. (To be redundant.) 'n Naald in 'n hooimied soek. (Look for a needle in a haystack.) Onbegonne taak onderneem. (To undertake an impossible task.) Hy kan nie bokkem (or bokkom) braai nie. (He cannot fry a whole dried and salted mullet.) Hy is onbevoeg vir sy taak. (He does not have the know-how.)

Afrikaans

English Dictionary

A aal - eel aalmoes - alms aambeeld - anvil aambei - haemorrhoid, hemorrhoid, pile aambeie - haemorhoids aan - to, toward, towards aan die brand steek - kindle, light aanbeveel - recommend, register aanbeveling - recommendation aanbod - offer aanbrand - burn aandag - attention aandenking - keepsake, memento, souvenir aandete - evening meal, supper aandoen - affect, call at, cause, give rise to aandoening - affection, emotion aandring - insist aandui - indicate, suggest, point out, show aangee - give, pass, spend aangenaam - agreeable, enjoyable, lovely, nice, pleasant aangesien - because, for the reason that, since aangry - move, stir, affect aanhaal - cite, quote aanhou - breed, keep, raise, rear aankom - arrive, get aankoms - arrival aankweek - cultivate, grow aanmoedig - encourage aanneem - accept, receive, take, take in aanpak - attempt, test, try aanpas - try on aanraai - advise, counsel aansien - esteem, regard, respect aansienlik - considerably aansit - put on aanskakel - put on, start, switch on, turn on aanslag - assault aansluit - join, associate, come together, pool aansluiting - joining, junction aansoek doen - aspire, aspire to, hope for, run for election aanspreeklik - responsible aanstaande - close, near, nearby, next aanstel - appoint aanstelling - appointment, appointment to office aanstoot - commotion, scandal

aantal - amount, number aantas - corrode aantrek - put on aantrekkingskrag - attraction aantreklik - attractive aanvaar - accept, receive, take, take in aanvaarding - acceptance aanval - assault, attack aanvul - complete aap - ape, monkey aar - vein aarbei - strawberry aarde - earth, land, soil aardgas - natural gas aartappel - potato abakus - abacus abattoir - abattoir, slaughterhouse Abessiniër - Abyssinian ach - oh Achilles - Achilles Achilleshiel Achilles heel Adam - Adam adamsappel Adam s apple adder - viper Aden - Aden administrasie - administration, management admiraal - admiral Adonis - Adonis adres - address adresseer - address Adriatiese See - Adriatic, Adriatic Sea adverteer - advertise, announce, give notice advertensie - ad, advertisement advies - notification, notice, advice, counsel advokaat - advocate, lawyer afdeling - branch, compartment, department, pigeonhole afdelingswinkel - department store, warehouse, bazaar afdwaal - go astray, stray off afgaan - descend, get off, go down Afganistan - Afghanistan afgee - spread afgelope - last Afghaan - Afghan Afghanistan - Afghanistan afhaal - take off, put off afklim - get out, get out of a car afkondig - issue, proclaim, promulgate, publish, reveal aflewer - deliver, furnish, supply aflewering - delivery afmeting - dimension, measurement Afrika - Africa Afrikaan - African Afrikaans - African, Afrikaans, Afrikaans language Afrikaner - Afrikaner, Afrikander Afro-Asiaties - Afro-Asian afsender - sender afskakel - cut, cut a connection afskeid neem - say goodbye, take leave afskryf - amortize, deaden, write off afslag - abatement, discount, rebate afsny - cut off

afsonderlik - apart, particular, separate, special afspraak - accommodation, agreement, appointment, date afstaan - cede, give in, give up, give way, relinquish afstand - distance, offset afsweer - abjure, abnegate aftree - retire afval - drop, fall, remainder, rest, debris, rubbish afwyk - turn ag - eight agste - eighth agter - behind, after, aback, backwards Agter-Indië - Indo-China agter wees - be late agterent - backside, rump, behind, bottom, buttocks agtergrond - background, bottom, foundation agterlik - backward, mentally deficient, retarded agtien - eighteen ah - woe ai - ouch akkomodasie - equipment akroniem - acronym aksie - action, activity akteur - actor aktivis - activist aktrise - actress akwarium - aquarium al - already, by now, yet al die - all Albaans - Albanian Albanees - Albanian Albanië - Albania Albanies - Albanian, Albanian language Albaniese taal - Albanian, Albanian language albei - both Aleoete - Aleutian Islands Alexandrië - Alexandria alfabet - alphabet algemeen - general, usual Algerië - Algeria Algeryn - Algerian Algeryns - Algerian Algiers - Algiers alibi - alibi alkohol - alcohol alledaags - commonplace, dismal, trite, daily alleen - alone, only, sole, solitary allerhande - every kind of Allerheilige - All Hallows, All Saints Day Allersiele - All Souls Day alles - altogether, everything, all of it almal - all, each, every, everyone almal se everyone s Alpe - Alps alreeds - already, by now, yet altwee - both altyd - always aluminium - aluminium, aluminum Amasone - Amazon amateur - amateur, fancier, dabbler, dilettante Amerika - America, United States of America, USA Amerikaans - American

Amerikaanse buffel - bison Amerikaner - American, US citizen ammunisie - munition, ammunition amper - almost, nearly ampère - ampere, ampère amptelik - official amuseer - amuse analise - analysis Andalusië - Andalusia ander - other, another, else anders - differently Angel-Sakser - Anglo-Saxon Angel-Saksies - Anglo-Saxon Angola - Angola Antarktika - Antarctic, the Antarctic Antille - Antilles antwoord - answer, reply, respond Apokalips - Apocalypse appel - apple appelkoos - apricot applikant - candidate April - April apteek - chemist s shop, drugstore Apulië - Apulia Arabië - Arabia Arabier - Arab Arabies - Arabian, Arabic arbeid - job, work Ardenne - Ardennes arena - arena arend - eagle Areopagus - Areopagus Argentinië - Argentina Argentyn - Argentine Argentyns - Argentine, Argentinean argief - archive argument - quarrel argumenteer - maintain Argus - Argus Ariër - Aryan Aries - Aryan arm - arm, miserable, poor Armenië - Armenia Armeniër - Armenian Armenies - Armenian armhorlosie - watch, wrist-watch armoede - poverty arriveer - arrive, get artikel - article, commodity as - ash, cinder, when, how, like, such as, than, if Asdag - Ash Wednesday asem - breathe Asepoestertjie - Cinderella Asiaat - Asian Asiaties - Asian, Asiatic Asië - Asia asof - as if, as though, in a way Asoriese Eilande - Azores asseblief - please Assirië - Assyria Assiriër - Assyrian

Assiries - Assyrian assistent - aid, assistant, helper, assistent Astekies - Aztec asyn - vinegar Athene - Athena, Athene, Athens Athener - Athenian Atlanties - Atlantic Atlantiese Oseaan - Atlantic, Atlantic Ocean Atlas - Atlas atleet - athlete Atties - Attic Augias - Augeas Augiasstal - Augean stable Augustus - August Australië - Australia Australiër - Australian Australies - Australian avontuur adventure

B baai - bay Baäl - Baal baan - playground baas - boss, chief, leader, master baba - baby bababed - bedstead Babilonië - Babylonia Babilonies - Babylonian Bacchus - Bacchus bad - bath badkamer - bathroom bagasie - baggage, luggage baie - a lot of, much, many, quite, very, very much bak - bake, fry, tub, vat, basin, bowl, pelvis, jug bakker - baker baksteen - brick bal - ball balans - equilibrium balju - taskmaster Balkan - Balkans ballet - ballet Balties - Baltic band - binding, strip, tape, tyre bank - bank bankrot - bankrupt bankrot raak - be bankrupt, go broke Bantoe - Bantu Bantoe- - Bantu barbier - barber bars - split Basel - Basel, Basle

basies - basic Bask - Basque basketbal - basketball Baskies - Basque Bataaf - Batavian Bataviaan - Batavian Batavier - Batavian battery - accumulator, battery, storage battery beantwoord - answer bed - bed bedaar - calm down bedags - by day, during the day, in the daytime bedanking - rejection, refusal bederf - damage, injure, spoil, bribe bedien - serve, introduce, perform, present bediende - maid, servant bedoel - aim, intend, mean bedrag - amount, sum bedreig - menace, threaten bedreiging - menace, threat beeld - image, picture, statue been - leg, paw beer - bear bees - bovine, bovine animal beesvleis - beef begin - begin, commence, start, beginning, commencement beginner - beginner beginsel - principle begrip - understanding begroting - budget behaal - acquire, attain, get, obtain, accomplish, reach behandel - care for, cure, treat beheer - administration, management behoor aan - belong to behoorlik - decent, fitting, proper, suitable, decently behou - hang onto, hold Beier - Bavarian Beiere - Bavaria beïndruk - impress beïnvloed - affect, influence bekeer - convert bekend - well-known bekendstel - introduce, perform, present beklemtoon - accent, accentuate, stress bekom - get, have, receive bekommer hom - care about, take care of bekommerd - anxious belaai - burden, load beland - arrive, get belangrik - important, serious belangstelling - interest beleid - policy, politics Belg - Belgian België - Belgium Belgies - Belgian Belgrado - Belgrade beloon - compensate, reward Bengale - Bengal Bengalees - Bengal beoefen - exert, practice bepaal - define, determine, attach, fasten, fix, affix

beplan - plan bêre - put away, stow bereid - finished, ready, through bereik - accomplish, attain, reach berg - mountain berig - information, communication berk - birch berkeboom - birch Berlyn - Berlin Berlyner - Berliner Berlyns - Berlin Bern - Bern, Berne beroemd - famous, glorious beroep - handicraft, occupation, trade, profession beseer - hurt besef - understand, realise, realize, be aware of beset - busy besig - busy besit - own, possess, possession beskawing - civilization beskikbaar - available beskrywing - description beslis - absolutely, definitely, without fail besluit - decide besoedel - soil besoek - visit besoeker - caller, visitor besoekersboek - visitor s register besonderheid - detail bespaar - save, spare bespreek - reserve bestaan - exist beste - best besteding - expenses bestel - book, order, reserve bestelling - order bestuur - direct, guide, manage, steer, conduct, lead bestuurder - manager, director beswaar - protest betaal - pay betaam - befit, be fitting beteken - imply, mean, signify betekenis - meaning betekenisvol - significant beter - better Betlehem - Bethlehem betrekking - post betrokke - concerned, in question betyds - at the right time, in time beuk - beech bevat - comprise, contain, include bevestig - assent, say yes, confirm, corroborate bevolking - population bevorder - promote bevordering - promotion bevrore - frozen bewaar - conserve, keep, maintain, preserve beweeg - move beweging - movement bewonder - admire bewys - proof, sign, token

biblioteek - library bid - pray bied - offer, propose, suggest bieg - admit, confess, profess bier - ale, beer bikini - bikini biljart - billiards billik - fair, just, righteous bind - bind, connect, join, tie, tie up binne - a, in, inside, into, per, within binnekort - soon binnelands - aboriginal, domestic bioskoop - cinema, movie theatre Birma - Burma Birmaan - Burmese Birmees - Burmese Bisantium - Byzantium Bisantyns - Byzantine biskop - bishop bison - bison bitter - bitter blaarslaai - lettuce blaas - blow bladsy - page blank - blank, white blanke - European, white man bleik - point out to be blik - can, tin, tin can blind - blind blink - bright, brilliant bloed - blood bloedrooi - blood red, blood-red Bloemfontein - Bloemfontein bloese - blouse blok - block, pad blokletter - type blom - bloom, flower blou - blue Bloubaard - Bluebeard blus - extinguish, put out bly - remain, stay, stay over, happy, glad bo - above, over, on top, overhead, upstairs bobbejaan - baboon Boeddha - Buddha Boeddhisme - Buddhism Boeddhist - Buddhist boek - book Boekarest - Bucharest boekhou - book-keeping Boer - Afrikaner, Afrikander, Boer boereplaas - estate, farm, property, ranch Boergondië - Burgundy Boesman - Bushman boete - fine boetekaartjie - minutes, protocol bogenoemd - above, above-mentioned Boheems - Bohemian Boheme - Bohemia boks - box, jug, container, vessel bokser - boxer Boliwië - Bolivia

Boliwies - Bolivian Bolsjewiek - Bolshevik Bolsjewis - Bolshevik Bombaai - Bombay bondel - bunch, bundle, cluster, sheaf bonus - bonus boodskap - errand, message boom - tree boonop - on top of boor - bore boord - orchard bord - plate bordeel - brothel bors - bosom, breast, chest borsel - brush bos - forest, woods bosbok - bushbuck bots - collide botsing - collision bottel - bottle botter - butter bouer - builder braai - roast, toast Brabander - Brabantine Brabant - Brabant Brabants - Brabantine brand - burn, conflagration, fire brandewyn - brandy brandstof - fuel Brasiliaan - Brazilian Brasiliaans - Brazilian Brasilië - Brazil breek - break breekbaar - breakable, brittle, fragile brein - brain Bretagne - Bretagne, Brittany brief - letter briefkaart - postcard bril - glasses, spectacles bring - bring, fetch Brit - Briton Brits - British broei - incubate, sit broer - brother bron - fountain, source, spring brood - bread, loaf brosjure - leaflet, pamphlet, paperback brug - bridge Brugge - Bruges bruin - brown Brunswyk - Braunschweig, Brunswick Brussel - Brussels Brussels - Brussels Brusselse spruitjies - Brussels-sprouts buffel - buffalo buffer - buffer, bumper buig - bend buis - barrel, channel, pipe, tube buite - outside, outside of buiteland - foreign country bul - bull

Bulgaar - Bulgar, Bulgarian Bulgaars - Bulgarian Bulgarye - Bulgaria bundel - collection burger - middleclass citizen, hamburger buro - bureau, office bus - bus, autobus, omnibus bushalte - bus stop, busstop buurman - neighbor, neighbour by - at, beside, by, near to, next to, with Bybel - Bible bybel - bible bylae - appendix, codicil, rider bymekaar - together bymekaarbring - collect, gather, pick up, join, unite byna - almost, nearly byt - bite byvoeg - add bywoon - attend, be present, witness bywoord - adverb bywoordelik adverbial

C Caesar - Caesar Calvyn - Calvin Carthager - Carthaginian Carthago - Carthage casino - casino Celebes - Celebes Ceylon - Ceylon chaos - chaos, tangle chemie - chemistry Chileen - Chilean Chileens - Chilean Chili - Chile China - China Chinees - Chinese chirurg - surgeon Christen - Christian Christendom - Christianity Christus - Christ Cipries - Cypriot, Cypriote Ciprioot - Cypriot, Cypriote Ciprus - Cyprus Columbus - Columbus Confucius - Confucius Cupido - Cupid, Eros Curaçao Curaçao

D

daad - act, action daag - assign daagliks - daily daal - descend, go down, land daar - there, yonder daardie - that, that one, those daardie een - that, that one daarna - afterwards, next, subsequently daarom - therefore daarvandaan - from there, thence dadelik - at once, instantly, immediately, without delay dag - hello dagvaarding - summons Dalmasië - Dalmatia dam - dame, king, queen damestudent - student, female student dan - then dank - thank dankbaar - thankful dankie - thank you, thanks danksy - thanks to dans - dance dapperheid - courage Dardanelles - Dardanelles darem - genuinely, indeed, really, truly, absolutely das - tie, necktie dat - that dateer - date datum - date day - day deeglik - enormously, extremely deel - part, piece, share deelneem - participate, take part deels - partially, partly Deen - Dane Deens - Danish definisie - definition definitief - absolutely, definitely, without fail deftig - beautiful, fine, handsome, lovely dek - cover dekade - decade deken - blanket dekor - decor, décor, decoration delikaat - dainty, delicate, fine, refined demokrasie - democracy demokraties - democratic den - fir, pine, pine tree Denemarke - Denmark denneboom - fir departement - department deponeer - deposit deporteer - deport derde - third dertien - thirteen dertig - thirty Desember - December destyds - then

detail - detail deur - by, by means of, through, with, door, gate deurbring - pass, spend deurdat - because, for the reason that deurmaak - experience, live through, survive deurmekaar - dazed, perplexed, upset deurpad - motor road, motorway, super highway, turnpike deursnee - profile Deuteronomium - Deuteronomy diamant - diamond die - the, that, that one dié - those, this die Elsas - Alsace, Elsass die Kaapprovinsie - Cape Province die Krim - Crimea die Transkei - Transkei dieet - diet dief - thief diens - service diep - deep, profound diepte - depth dier - animal, beast dieretuin - zoo digter - poet dikwels - frequently, often, regularly dimensie - dimension, measurement dinee - dinner, midday meal ding - affair, business, business deal, case, matter dink - deem, opine, think Dinsdag - Tuesday diploma - diploma direk - direct, straight direkteur - director, manager dissipline - discipline dit - that, that over there, those, these, this dit daardie - that, that over there, those dit hierdie - these, this, this here doel - aim, goal, purpose doen - act, do, make, perform dogter - daughter, girl, lass dokter - doctor, physician dokument - document, paper dom - foolish, stupid dominee - pastor Dominikaans - Dominican donasie - gift, present Donau - Danube Donderdag - Thursday donker - bleak, dark, dismal, dreary, dim donkie - ass, donkey dood - dead, death doodmaak - extinguish, put out doodskiet - shoot dead doof - deaf doopnaam - Christian name doos - box dor - dry Dories - Dorian, Doric dorp - village dors - thirsty dors wees - be thirsty

dosyn - dozen dra - carry, wear draagbaar - stretcher draai - turn Drakensberge - Drakensberg Mountains drama - drama dreigement - menace, threat drie - three Driekoninge - Epiphany, Twelfth-night Driekoningefees - Epiphany, Twelfth-night dringend - pressing, urgent drink - drink, drink to excess drinkpan - bar, pub dronk - drunk, intoxicated droog - dry droogte - dryness druif - grape druk - press, oppress, squeeze drup - drip dryf - drift, be adrift, float, swim, chase, drive duidelik - clearly duim - thumb duisend - thousand, one thousand duister - dark, dim Duits - German, German language Duitse masels - German measles Duitse taal - German, German language Duitser - German Duitsland - Germany duiwel - devil dun - gaunt, lean, slender, thin durf - courage dus - so, then, therefore, consequently, subsequently duur - dear, expensive, lovely, valuable, costly, pricey dwarsdeur - throughout dwerg - dwarf, midget, pigmy dwing - compel, force

E

Edam - Edam edel - of noble birth edelweiss - edelweiss Eden - Eden Edenburg - Edinburgh eed - oath eekhoring - squirrel eekhorinkie - squirrel een - one

een-en-twintig - twenty-one een en twintig - twenty-one eend - duck eendag - at some time, ever eenheid - unity eensaam - lonely, solitary eergister - the day before yesterday eerlik - above-board, honest eers - at some time, ever, first, firstly, first of all eerskomende - nearest, next, close, nearby eerste - first eet - eat, feed eetkamer - dining-room eetservies - crockery set eeu - centennial, century effek - effect, impression effektief - actual, real Egeïese See - Aegean Sea eggenoot - husband eggo - echo Egipte - Egypt Egiptenaar - Egyptian Egipties - Egyptian egter - but, however, nevertheless, yet ei - egg eie - own, personal eienaar - owner eienaardig - odd, peculiar, strange, typical eiendomsagentskap - broker eik - oak eiland - island einde - end, ending eindeksamen - final examination eindig - accomodate, end, finish, terminate eintlik - to tell the truth ek - I, me ekonomies - economical eksamen - investigation, examination, test Eksodus - Exodus eksperiment - experiment ekstase - ecstasy ekstra - extra ekstreem - excessive, inordinate, extreme elders - elsewhere elegant - elegant elektries - electric elektrisiteit - electricity elektron - electron elementêr - elemental, elementary elf - eleven elke - all, each, every, everyone elkeen - all, each, every, everyone els - alder Elsas - Alsace, Elsass Elsasies - Alsatian Elsasser - Alsatian elsboom - alder emigreer - emigrate emosie - affection, emotion en - and energie - energy

Engeland - England Engels - English, English language Engelsman - Englishman, Sassenach enige - a few, any, some enige tyd - any time, momentarily enigiemand - a, any, anybody, some, somebody, someone enigiets - anything, something enigste - alone, only, sole, solitary enkele - a few, any, some enorm - enormous, huge, immense ens. - etc. ensovoorts - et cetera, et caetera erediens - service, worship service êrens - anywhere, somewhere erf - inherit erg - important, serious erken - confirm, corroborate ernstig - important, serious ertjie - pea ervare - experienced, expert ervaring - experience esel - ass, donkey Eskimo - Eskimo esperantis - Esperantist Esperanto - Esperanto Est - Estonian Estland - Estonia Ests - Estonian ete - meal Ethiopië - Ethiopia Ethiopiër - Ethiopian Etrurië - Etruria Etruriër - Etrurian, Etruscan Etruries - Etrurian, Etruscan Etruskies - Etrurian, Etruscan Eufraat - Euphrates Europa - Europe Europeaan - European Europeër - European Europees - European Eve - Eva evolusie - development, evolution ewe - all the same, equally, a while, momentarily ewig - eternal, for ever, forever

F fabriek - factory familie - family

fase - phase, stage fasiliteer - facilitate fassineer - fascinate Februarie - February fee - fairy feit - fact feodaal - feudal ferm - firm, robust, sturdy, solid fiets - bike, cycle, bicycle fietsry - cycle fiks - healthy, well Filippyns - Philippine Filistyn - Philistine film - film, motion picture, movie Fin - Finn Finland - Finland Finlander - Finn Fins - Finnish firma - company, firm flard - rag, scrap fliek - go to the cinema, go to the movies fliekhuis - cinema, movie theatre flikker - flare, flare up floreer - be succesful, prosper flou word - faint, swoon fluit - flute fonds - fund fooitjie - tip forel - trout foresti - be lacking, be missing formeel - formal fossiel - fossil foto - photograph fout - aberration, error, mistake framboos - raspberry Frankeland - Franconia Frankies - Frankish Frankryk - France Frans - French, French language Franse taal - French, French language Fries - Frisian Friesland - Friesland funksie function

G gaaf - good, nice, okay, fine, very well gaan - go, shall, will gaan staan - halt, come to a halt, stop

gade - wife galery - gallery Galicies - Galician Gallië - Gaul garage - garage garnaal - prawn gas - gas, guest gasvry - hospitable gasvryheid - hospitality gat - hole geadresseerde - addressee geag - dear gebed - prayer gebeur - come about, happen, occur gebeurtenis - event, occasion, occurence, opportunity, chance gebied - area, region geboorte - birth gebou - building gebruik - custom, habit, way, employ, use, make use of gebruiker - user gedaante - form, shape gedagte - thought gedeelte - part, piece, share gedeeltelik - partially, partly gedig - poem gedra hom - behave, conduct oneself geduld - patience geduldig - patient gedurende - for, during, while, whilst gee - give geel - yellow gees - soul, ghost, phantom, fairy, intellect, mind geesdrif - enthusiasm geesdriftig - enthusiastic geheim - secret gehoorsaam - obey geïnteresseerd - gripped, interested geld - money geldstuk - coin gelede - ago ago geleentheid - chance, event, occurence, opportunity geliefde - lover geluk - luck, happiness gelukkig - fortunate, happy gelykheid - draw, equality gemaklik - comfortable gemiddeld - average, middle, mean geneig - inclined generaal - general generasie - generation Genesis - Genesis Geneve - Geneva geniet - be glad, enjoy, rejoice, delight in genoeg - enough, sufficient genot - fun, pleasure genre - genre Gent - Ghent Genua - Genoa geografies - geographic, geographical geraamte - skeleton gereed - finished, ready, through

geregtigheid - justice, righteousness gerieflik - comfortable Germaan - German, Teuton Germaans - Germanic, Teutonic geruime tyd - a long time, for a long time gesag - authority, glamor, glamour, prestige gesels - speak, talk gesig - expression, face gesin - family gesins- - domestic geskei - divorced geskenk - gift, present geskie - come about, happen, occur geskiedenis - story, history geskikt - appropriate, becoming, seemly, suitable geskoolde - able geslag - generation, sex gesond - healthy, well gesondheid - health gespanne - strained gesprek - conversation getroud - married geur - odor, odour, scent, smell geveg - battle, scuffle, struggle gevolglik - consequently, so, subsequently gevolgtrekking - conclusion, inference geweldig - enormous, huge, immense gewete - conscience gewig - weight gewild - popular gewoon - common, ordinary, usual gewoond wees - accustom, be in the habit of gewoonlik - ordinarily, usually gewoonte - custom, habit, way gholf - golf, gulf gids - handbook, guide, guidebook gier - vulture giet - pour, scatter, shed giftig - poisonous gil - yell gimnastiek - gymnastics gips - gypsum, plaster of Paris gister - yesterday glad nie - not at all glas - glass gleuf - slot glimlag - smile glo - believe, deem gly - glide, slip god - god God - God godsdiens - religion godsdienstig - pious, religious goed - good, nice, okay, OK, well goedkoop - cheap, inexpensive Goeie Vrydag - Good Friday goeiemiddag - good afternoon goeiemôre - good morning goeienaand - good evening goeienag - good night golf - golf, gulf

gooi - throw gordyn - curtain Goties - Gothic gou - fast, quickly, swiftly gou maak - go fast, hurry, rush goud - gold Gouda - Gouda goudgeel - golden yellow Goudkus - Gold Coast goudvis - goldfish goue - gold, golden graad - degree, grade, heading, title graag - willingly Graal - Grail gram - gram, gramme grammatika - grammar gras - grass grasgroen - grass green gratis - free grens - boundary, frontier, limit gretig - avid, eager for, greedy Griek - Greek Griekeland - Greece Grieks - Greek, Hellenian, Hellenic griep - flu, grip, influenza grimeer - make up grimering - make up, make-up groen - green Groenland - Greenland groente - vegetable groep - group groet - greet, salute, greeting grond - ground, soil grondwet - constitution groot - big, great, large Groot-Brittanje - Britain, Great Britain grootte - bulk, dimension, extend, size grot - cave, grotto, cavern, den groutjie - ass, donkey gryp - clutch, grab, grasp, grip, seize grys - gray, grey Guinee - Guinea Gulde Vlies - Golden Fleece gunsteling- - advantageous, favourable

H

haai - shark haan - cock, rooster haar - her, his, its, their, she

haarkapper - barber, hairdresser haas - haste, go fast, hurry, rush haastig - hurried, fast, quick, rapid, speedy, swift haat - hate hael - hail Haïti - Haiti hakie - clamp, bracket, parenthesis, staple hakskeensening - Achilles tendon hallo - hello hals - neck hamburger - hamburger hand - hand handel - business, commerce, trade handelaar - merchant, businessman handlanger - abetter, abettor, accessory, accomplice handtekening - signature hang - droop, hang hanteer - handle, manipulate hap - morsel, mouthful hard - loud hardloop - run hare - hair, hairs, hers hart - heart Havanna - Havana Hawaïes - Hawaiian Hawaiï - Hawaii hawe - harbor, harbour, port hê - have, have got Hebreër - Hebrew, Jew Hebreeus - Hebrew, Jewish Hebride - Hebrides, Western Islands heelal - universe heeltemal - at all, entirely, wholly heerlik - agreeable, enjoyable, lovely, nice, pleasant heide - heath heilig - sanctify heks - witch hel - hell held - hero helder - bright, clear, light, distinct, plain heldhaftig - heroic heldin - heroine hele - entire, overall, whole Helleens - Hellenian, Hellenic helm - helmet help - abet, aid, assist, help, accomodate Helvesië - Helvetia hemel - heaven, sky Hemelvaartdag - Ascension Day hemp - shirt hen - chicken, fowl hengel - fishing rod herdenking - recollection herder - shepherd herfs - autumn herhaal - repeat herinnering - memory, recollection herken - recognise, recognize herkoms - lineage, origin heroïen - heroin hert - deer

heuning - honey heup - hip hiëna - hyaena, hyena hier - here hierbo - above hierdie - these, this hierheen - here, hither hiervandaan - from here, hence higiënies - hygienic Hindoe - Hindu, Hindoo Hindoe- - Hindu, Hindoo Hindoes - Hindu, Hindoo hitte - heat hoe - how, in what way, as, like, such as hoe gaan dit met u? - how are you?, how do you do? hoe laat - what time hoe ver - how far hoed - hat hoekom - what for, why hoender - chicken, hen, fowl hoer - hooker, whore hoerhuis - brothel hoes - cough hoeveel - how many, how much hoeveelste - how many, what number hof - court hok - cage hokkie - hockey Holland - Holland Hollander - Dutchman, Hollander Hollands - Dutch hom - him hond - dog honderd - hundred, one hundred Hongaar - Hungarian Hongaars - Hungarian Hongarye - Hungary honger - hungry honger wees - be hungry hoofkwartier - headquarters hoofpyn - headache hoofsaaklik - above all, especially, chiefly, mainly hoofstad - metropolis, capital, capital city hoofweg - major road Hooglander - Highlander Hooglied - Canticles, Song of Solomon, Song of Songs hoop - hope hoor - hear, find out, learn of horlosie - watch horror - horror hospitaal - hospital hotel - hotel hou - hang onto, hold hou van - appreciate, like houding - behaviour, conduct, deportment, position houer - holder, socket hout - timber, wood huidig - current, present, present-day huis - house huis toe - home huldig - honor, honour

hulle - them, to them, they, their, her, his, its hulle s n - theirs hulp - aid, help hurk - cower, crouch, squat huur - hire huurmotor - taxi huwelik - marriage, matrimony hy - he, him hyser - elevator, lift

I

Iberies - Iberian ideaal - ideal idee - idea idioom - idiom iemand - a, any, anybody, some, somebody, someone iep - elm Ier - Irishman Ierland - Ireland Iers - Irish iets - anything, something ignoreer - ignore immigreer - immigrate immoreel - abandoned, nasty impak - effect, impression in - a, in, inside, into, per, within in aanmerking kom - be considered, count in die algemeen - generally in elk geval - in any event in kennis stel - inform, report in verband met - with reference to inasem - inhale inbreker - burglar indeks - index Indiaan - Indian, American Indian Indiaans - Indian, Red Indian Indië - India indien - if, provided that Indiër - Indian Indies - Indian Indiese tier - tiger individueel - individual Indo-China - Indo-China Indo-Europeaan - Indo-European Indo-Europeër - Indo-European Indo-Europees - Indo-European, Indo-Germanic Indo-Germaans - Indo-European, Indo-Germanic

Indo-Sjina - Indo-China Indonesië - Indonesia Indonesiër - Indonesian Indonesies - Indonesian indruk - effect, impression industrie - industry ineenkrimp - cower, shrink informasie - information ingenieur - engineer inheems - aboriginal, domestic, native inhoud - contents inleiding - introduction, preface inlewer - deliver, furnish, supply, convey, hand, hand over inligting - information inligtingskantoor - inquiry-office inmaak - preserve innig - close, intimate, cardiac, cordial, hearty inrig vir - pay attention to inrigting - institute inruil - interchange, swap insameling - collection insident - event, occasion, occurence, opportunity insit - enter, insert, put in, put away, stow inskep - dish up insluitend - including, inclusively inspekteur - inspector inspektisto - inspector inspuit - inject inspuiting - injection instel - begin, commence, start instituut - institute instruksie - directions, instruction inteendeel - on the contrary intelligent - intelligent, sagacious intens - intense, intensive interessant - interesting internasionaal - international intusse - all the time, in the meantime, meanwhile invoer - import invul - fill, fill in, fill up Ionies - Ionian Iraaks - Iraki, Iraqi, Iraquian Irak - Irak, Iraq Irakiër - Iraki, Iraqi, Iraquian Iran - Iran Iraniër - Iranian Iranies - Iranian Islam - Islam Islamities - Islamic isolasie - insulation, isolation Israel - Israel Israeli - Israelian Israelies - Israelian Israeliet - Hebrew, Jew, Israelite Israelities - Israelite, Israelitish Istanboel - Istanbul Italiaan - Italian Italiaans - Italian Italianer - Italian Italië - Italy item - element, fragment, item, particle

ivoor

ivory

J

ja - yes jaag - race, run, chase, hunt jaar - year jaarliks - annual, yearly jag - yacht jager - hunter jakkals - jackal jaloers - jealous Jamaika - Jamaica jammer - regrettably, unfortunately jammer wees - be sorry about, regret Januarie - January Japan - Japan Japannees - Japanese Japanner - Japanese Japans - Japanese jas - coat, overcoat Java - Java Javaan - Javanese Javaans - Javan, Javanese jeens - at, by, on, across from, against, in exchange for Jehova - Jehovah Jerusalem - Jerusalem Jesus - Jesus joernalis - journalist Johannesburg - Johannesburg jongmens - youngster, youth jonk - young Jood - Hebrew, Jew Joods - Jewish Jordaan - Jordan Josef - Joseph josie - devil jou - you, to you, thou, your joune - yours juis - accurate, precise, correct, exact, proper, right Julie - July julle - you, to you, your julle s n - yours Junie - June juweel - gem, jewel juwelier - jeweller jy - thou, you

K

Kaapprovinsie - Cape Province Kaaps - Cape Kaapstad - Cape Town kaart - map kaartjie - bill, ticket, note kaartjieskantoor - booking-office kabaret - cabaret kabeljou - cod, codfish kabinet - cabinet kafeteria - cafetaria Kain - Cain Kaïro - Cairo Kalifornië - California kalkoen - turkey kalm - calm, quiet, tranquil Kalvarieberg - Calvary, Golgotha kam - comb kameel - camel kameelperd - giraffe kamer - chamber, room kamera - camera Kameroen - Cameroon, Cameroun kamp - camping ground, camping site, camp of tents kampeer - camp, be encamped, lie encamped, camp out kampeerterrein - camping ground, camping site kan - be able to, can, may kanaal - canal, channel Kanada - Canada Kanadees - Canadian Kanaries - Canary Kanariese Eilande - Canary Islands kandidaat - candidate kangeroe - kangaroo kanker - cancer, canker kans - chance, luck kanselleer - abjure, abolish, abrogate, annul, cancel, remit kant - side kantoor - office, bureau kantoorklerk - clerk Kapitool - Capitol kapster - hairdresser, female hairdresser kaptein - captain kar - car, cart, chariot karakter - character, nature, personality karig - in short supply karma - karma Karmeliet - Carmelite

Karpate - Carpathians kas - cabinet, closet, cupboard, sideboard Kaspiese See - Caspian Sea kasset - cassette kasteel - castle Kastiliaans - Castillian Katalaans - Catalonian katalogus - catalog, catalogue, directory Katalonië - Catalonia katoliek - Catholic katolisisme - Catholisism Kaukasus - Caucasus keel - throat keer - occasion, time, halt, stop kelder - basement, cellar kelkie - cocktail kelner - waiter Kelt - Celt Kelties - Gaelic, Celtic ken - be acquainted with, know Kenia - Kenya kenmerkend - characteristic kennis - acquaintance, knowledge kennisgewing - information, communication kerk - church, kirk kerrie - curry kers - candle kersboom - Christmas tree, Christmas-tree Kersfees - Christmas, Christmas feast, Yule Kersmis - Christmas, Christmas feast Kersvader - Father Christmas Keulen - Cologne keuse - alternative, option, choice, election kies - choose, elect, pick out kilogram - kilo kilometer - kilometer, kilometre kind - child, offspring, young, infant kla - complain klaar - already, by now, yet, finished, through klank - sound klap - hit, knock, strike klas - class klassiek - classic, classical klavier - piano klee - clothe, dress klein - diminutive, little, small Klein-Asië - Asia Minor kleindogter - granddaughter kleingeld - change kleinkind - grandson kleinseun - grandson klere - clothes, clothing klets - gossip kleur - colour, dye, tint kleuterskool - nursery school kliek - clan, clique, coterie, junto, set kliënt - client, customer klik - clap, click, rattle klim - climb klimaat - climate kliniek - clinic

klink - sound klokkie - bellflower, Canterbury bell klomp - heap, pile, stack klub - club, society knie - knee knip - bolt knoop - knot, node kobra - cobra kode - code koeël - bullet koei - cow koel - cool koepee - compartment, coupé koerant - gazette, magazine, newspaper, periodical koffer - trunk koffie - coffee kollega - colleague kollege - college kolom - column, pillar kolonie - colony, settlement kom - come kombinasie - combination kombuis - kitchen komedie - comedy komhalertjie - Adam s apple kommandant - commander kommentaar - annotation, note kommissie - commission kompak - compact kompartement - compartment, coupé kompetisie - competition, contest koms - arrival kondukteur - guard Kongo - Congo, Zaire koning - king koninkryk - kingdom konneksie - connection konsep - draft, rough draft, plan, project, scheme konsert - concert Konstantinopel - Istanbul konsternasie - consternation konsul - consul kontak - contact kontant - cash, in cash kontrak - contract kontrole - administration, management kontroleer - audit, check, check up on, supervise, verify kook - boil, cook koop - buy, purchase koors - fever koorsig - feverish kop - head, pate Kopenhagen - Copenhagen kopiereg - copyright koppelaar - clutch koppie - cup koppies-en-pierings - bellflower, Canterbury bell Korinthies - Corinthian kort - short, brief kos - cost, food, nourishment kostelik - lovely, fine, great, delicious

kou - chew koud - bleak, chilly, cold koud word - get cold kous - stocking kraal - bead krag - force, strength, vigour krap - scratch kredietkaart - credit card kreëer - create kreef - crayfish, lobster Kremlin - Kremlin Kreta - Crete Krim - Crimea krisis - crisis, depression, emergency Krisjna - Krishna kristal - crystal kritiseer - criticize Kroaat - Croat Kroasië - Croatia Kroaties - Croatian krokodil - crocodile kronkel - meander, twist, wind around kropslaai - lettuce kruier - porter kruip - crawl, creep kruis - cross Kruisberg - Calvary, Golgotha kruisskyf - steak, beefsteak kruk - crutch kry - get, have, receive Kuba - Cuba Kubaan - Cuban Kubaans - Cuban kubus - cube kudde - flock, herd kuier - attend, call on, see, visit kultuur - culture kuns - art kunsgalery - art gallery kunstenaar - artist kunstig - artificial, artistic, clever, dexterous, skillful Kupido - Cupid, Eros kurk - cork kursus - class, course kus - kiss, coast, seaside, shore kussing - cushion kwaai - bad, miserable, nasty, poor kwaal - disease, illness kwalifikasie - ability, qualification kwartier - quarter of an hour kweek - cultivate, grow kwessie - question, dispute, quarrel kyk - consider, deem, look, look at, regard, view kyk na - consider, deem, look, look at, regard, view

L laag - layer laai - drawer, burden, load laaste - last laat - allow, leave, let, release, late, tardy laerskool - primary school lag - laugh laken - sheet lam - lamb lamp - lamp landbouskool - agricultural school landskap - landscape, scenery lang - long langs - at, beside, by, near to, next to, alongside langsaan - nearby lank - a long time, for a long time Lap - Laplander, Lapp Lapland - Lapland Laplander - Laplander, Lapp Laplands - Lapp, Lappish later - later, later on, afterwards, next, subsequently Latyn - Latin Latyns - Latin lawaai - ado, din, noise, riot, tumult lê - take off, put off, lie, recline leef - be alive leek - layman leen - borrow leer - teach, leather, learn leër - army leerware - leather goods lees - read leeu - lion legende - legend lei - conduct, direct, guide, head, lead Leiden - Leiden, Leyden leiding - platform, stage leier - leader lek - hole lekker - agreeable, enjoyable, lovely, nice, pleasant lekkers - delicacy, tidbit, sweet lektor - lector, lecturer lelie - lily lelik - nasty, ugly lemoen - orange lengte - length lening - loan lente - spring, springtime lepel - spoon les - lesson lessenaar - desk, lectern, school desk Let - Latvian, Lett Letland - Latvia Lets - Latvian, Lettish letterkunde - literature

lewe - life lewendig - alert, brisk, keen lewer - liver, deliver, furnish, supply Libanon - Lebanon Liberië - Liberia Libië - Libya Libiër - Libyan Libies - Libyan lid - member, supporter, limb lidmaatskap - membership lief wees vir - appreciate, like liefde - love liefhê - love lieflik - gentle, soft, sweet, tender, charming, lovely liewer - preferably lig - light liggaam - body ligroos - pink lindeboom - lime-tree, linden-tree linguïs - linguist linguïsties - linguistic linkerkant - left, left side links - on the left, to the left lisensie - licence Lissabon - Lisbon Litaue - Lithuania Litauer - Lithuanian Litaus - Lithuanian liter - liter, litre literatuur - literature logies - logical lok - attract, decoy, lure Londen - London long - lung Loofhuttefees - Feast of Tabernacles loop - flow, function, operate, run, work lork - larch lorkboom - larch lot - destiny, fate, ill fate, fortune, luck Lotaringe - Lorraine, Lothringen lourier - laurel Lucifer - Lucifer, Satan lug - air lughawe - airfield, airport lugpos - air-mail lugposbrief - air letter, aerogramme lui - lazy, slothful, sound Luik - Liège luiperd - leopard luister - listen luister naar - listen lus - disposal, inclination, tendency Lusern - Lucerne luukse - deluxe, de luxe, luxurious, luxury lyf - body Lyfland - Livonia Lyflands - Livonian lyk - appear, look, cadaver, corpse, appear to be, seem lyn - line lys list

M

ma - mother maag - stomach maak - act, do, make, perform maal - occasion, time maaltyd - meal maand - month Maandag - Monday maar - but, however, nevertheless, yet Maart - March Macedonië - Macedonia Machiavelli - Machiavelli Madagaskar - Madagascar Madonna - Madonna Madrid - Madrid maer - gaunt, lean, meager, skimpy, skinny, thin mag - force, strength, vigour, be allowed to, may makker - buddy, companion, comrade, pal maklik - easy, facile maksimum - maximum mal - crazy, insane, mad, nuts mal wees oor - be fond of, love Malakka - Malacca Maleis - Malay Malta - Malta Maltees - Maltese Malteser - Maltese man - husband mandjie - basket mango - mango manlik - male, masculine Mantsjoerye - Manchuria Maria - Mary Maria-ligmis - Candlemas mariëteklokke - bellflower, Canterbury bell mark - bazaar, fair, market, marketplace Marokkaan - Moroccan Marokkaans - Moroccan Marokko - Morocco masboom - pine, pine tree masjien - engine, machine masker - mask massa - crowd, heap, mass, multitude, pile, lump mat - carpet materieel - material matig - moderate, reasonable medies - medical

medisyne - drug, medicine, pharmaceutical medium - average, middle meebring - bring along, take along meedeel - communicate, report, let know, inform meen - believe, deem, guess, presume, suppose, surmise meer - more, further meeste - most Mei - May meisie - girl, lass mekaar - each other, one another Mekka - Mecca Melanesië - Melanesia Melanesiër - Melanesian Melanesies - Melanesian meld - advertise, announce, give notice, report melk - milk meng - blend, mingle, mix, shuffle mengsel - mixture menigte - crowd, heap, mass, multitude, pile mening - opinion mens - man, human being mensekind - man, human being menslik - human merendeels - for the greater part, for the most part, mostly merk - notice mes - knife met - with, by, by means of, through meter - meter, metre meubel - piece of furniture Mexikaans - Mexican Mexiko - Mexico middag - good afternoon middagete - dinner, midday meal Middel-Ooste - Middle East mielies - corn, Indian corn, maize, mealies miljoen - million millimeter - millimeter, millimetre min - little minder - less mineraal - mineral minimum - minimum minister - minister minste - least minuut - minute mis - fog, mist miskien - maybe, perhaps, possibly misterieus - abstruse, mysterious mite - myth mode - fashion, mode modern - modern moed - courage Moedermaagd - Madonna moeg - tired moeilik - difficult, hard, inconvenient moeilikheid - difficulty, trouble moeite - effort moet - have to, must, ought to, should Mohammedaans - Islamic Mohammedanisme - Islam mol - mole mond - mouth

Mongolië - Mongolia Mongool - Mongol, Mongolian Mongools - Mongolian monnik - monk monster - monster, sample, specimen Montenegro - Montenegro Montenegryn - Montenegrin Montenegryns - Montenegrin monument - monument mooi - beautiful, fine, handsome, lovely moontlik - possible moontlikheid - possibility Moor - Mauritanian, Moor moordenaar - murderer Moors - Mauretanian, Moorish, Moresque môre - tomorrow môreaand - tomorrow evening moreel - moral môreoggend - tomorrow morning morfologie - morphology, accidence Mosambiek - Mozambique Moskou - Moscow Moskowiet - Muscovite mossie - sparrow mot - moth motel - motel motor - car, automobile, motor car, motor-car motorfiets - motorcycle motorfietsryer - motor-cyclist motorhawe - garage motreën - drizzle, drizzling rain muis - mouse munt - coin muntstuk - coin museum - museum musiek - music musiekinstrument - musical instrument muur - wall muurbal - squash my - me, to me, I, my myl - mile myn - mine mynbou - mining myne - mine myself myself

N

na - to, toward, towards, after, close, near, nearby

na ... toe - to, toward, towards naaldwerk doen - sew naam - appellation, name naamlik - namely, viz. naand - good evening naaste - nearest, next naasteliefde - charity, love of one s neighbour naburig - adjacent, nearby, neighbouring naby - at, beside, by, near to, next to, close, nearby nadat - after nadelig - detrimentally, disadvantageously, prejudicially nader - nearer naderkom - advance, approach, come close, come closer nael - nail naelpolitoer - nail-varnish nag - night nagereg - dessert nagklub - night club, night spot nagvlinder - moth nalatenskap - estate namekaar - at a strech, for ... together, on end Namibië - Namibia nar - buffoon, jester, clown nasien - revise nasionaal - national nasionaliteit - nationality nat - wet Natal - Natal natuur - nature natuurlik - of course, natural, naturally navorsing - investigation, examination, test, exploration navraag - question naweek - week-end Ndebele - Ndebele nè - isn t it, isn t that so, or not Nederduits - Low German Nederlander - Dutchman Nederlands - Dutch nee - no, not neef - cousin, nephew neem - accept, receive, take, take in, get, lay hold of nege - nine negentien - nineteen negentig - ninety nek - neck nêrens nie - nowhere net - exclusively, just, only, alone, solely, exactly netjies - cleanly cut, net, neat, precize netnou - soon neus - nose Nguni - Nguni niemand nie - nobody, no-one nier - kidney nietemin - but, however, nevertheless, yet Nieu-Suid-Wallis - New South Wales Nigeria - Nigeria niks - nothing, none niks nie - nothing nodig - necessary nodig hê - need, require noem - mention, call

nog - still, yet nog n - additional, another nog niet - not yet nogal - a little, some, to some extend, rather, enough nommer - number, numeral noodhulp - first aid nooi - invite Noor - Norwegian Noord-Amerika - North America noordelik - northern Noordpool - Arctic, the Arctic noordpool- - Arctic Noors - Norwegian Noorweë - Norway Noorweegs - Norwegian Noorweër - Norwegian noot - bank note, banknote, bank-note normaal - normal nou - at present, now nou-nou - soon nou net - just, just now November - November nuus - news, novelty, something new nuuskierig - inquisitive, curious nuut - new, novel Nuwejaarsdag - New Year s Day nuweling - novice nywerheid industry

O o - oh o wêreld - woe oefen - exercise, practise oefening - exercise, practice Oekraine - Ukraine, the Ukraine Oekrainer - Ukrainian Oekrains - Ukrainian oewer - bank, border, edge, shore of - or offisieel - official Oktober - October olie - oil olifant - elephant olm - elm om - at, by, on, beside, with om te - for, to, in order to omdat - because, for the reason that, since omgewing - environment, environs, surroundings omsit - put on omstandigheid - circumstance omtrent - about, approximately

onaangenaam - bleak, dismal, dreary, horrible, ghastly, grisly onafhanklik - autonomous, independant onder - below, beneath, under, underneath onderaan - below, downstairs, underneath onderdruk - suppress, choke, quell, suffocate onderhoud - conversation, interview onderneming - enterprise onderrig - instruction ondersoek - examine, investigation, examination, test ondersteun - abet, support, sustain ondertoe - down ondervinding - experience onderwerp - theme, topic, subject onderwys - education onderwyser - instructor, teacher onderwyseres - teacher, female teacher ongedierte - vermin ongeluk - accident ongelukkig - unfortunately, unhappy ongetroud - single, unmarried onjuis - erroneous, mistaken, wrong, incorrect onlangs - recently onnatuurlik - artificial ons - us, to us, we, our ons s n - ours onskuldig - guiltless, innocent ontbied - send for ontbreek - be absent, be missing ontbyt - breakfast ontdek - discover, uncover ontdekking - discovery onthaal - treat onthou - recall, recollect, remember ontklee - undress ontkom aan - escape, flee ontlok - draw out, drive out, express, utter ontmoet - come across, encounter, meet, see ontploffing - explosion ontslaan - discharge, dismiss, fire, sack ontsnap - escape, flee ontspanning - distraction, diversion ontvang - get, have, receive ontvangsdame - receptionist ontvoer - abduct ontwikkel - develop, reveal ontwikkeling - development, evolution onvatbaar - immune oog - eye oogmerk - aim, goal, purpose ook - also, too oomblik - instant, moment oop - open oopmaak - open, open up oor - ear, above, more than, over, after, about oordeel - judge, judgment oordra - pass, spend, convey, hand, hand over oorgenoeg - abundant oorkant - opposite oorlog - war oorsend - send, transmit oorsig - abridgement, abridgment, abstract, resumé

oorskadu - cast a shadow oorskry - cross, go beyond, transfer oorsprong - origin oorspronklik - aboriginal, originally oorsteek - cross, go beyond, transfer oorstroom - flood oortollig - overflowing, superfluous oortreding - sin, transgression oortree - sin, transgress oorweeg - consider, esteem, regard, think, think about oorwinning - victory Oos-Duitsland - East Germany, GDR Oossee - Baltic Sea ooste - east, East oostelik - eastern, Oriental Oostenryk - Austria Oostenryker - Austrian Oostenryks - Austrian op - a, in, inside, into, per, within, on, upon op tyd - at the right time, in time opdrag - commission, errand Openbaring - Apocalypse openlik - openly opera - opera operasie - operation, surgical operation opereer - operate opgaan - ascend, climb, go up ophang - hang ophef - ado, din, noise ophou - end, come to an end, end up, expire, cease, stop opinie - opinion opklaar - clear oplaai - meet, pick up oplei - breed, bring up, educate, raise, teach opleiding - education oplewer - bear, produce oplossing - solution opmerk - notice opmerking - observation, remark, notice oppas - pay attention, watch out for, be careful oppervlakte - area oppik - get, lay hold of, pick up, take oproep - appeal to, invoke opsegging - abolition, abrogation opsig - relation opsit - put on opskep - dish up opstaan - get up, rise, stand, stand up, ascend, go up opstandig - insubordinate, rebellious optel - get, lay hold of, pick up, take optree - act optrek - lever, lift, raise opvatting - idea, concept, opinion opvoering - presentation opwen - strech, wind up opwinding - excitement oral - all about, everywhere Oranje - Orange oranje - orange-coloured Oranje-Vrystaat - Orange Free State orde - order

organisasie - organization organiseer - organize orgidee - orchid orkes - orchestra oseaan - ocean oud - old ouderdom - age ouderwets - old-fashioned, out of date oudmodies - old-fashioned, out of date ouer - parent ouerloos - orphan ouers - parents ouma - granny oupa - granddad outyds - old-fashioned, out of date

P

pa - father Paasfees - Easter pad - road, route, way padda - toad, frog pak - pack, package, wrap up pak klere - costume, outfit, suit pakket - pack pakkie - packet, parcel paling - eel pampoen - gourd, pumpkin, squash pan - casserole, saucepan, cooking pot, frying-pan pap - empty, void papaja - papaya, papaw papegaai - parrot paradys - paradise parfuum - perfume parkeer - park parkeerplek - car park, lay-by, parking bay, parking garage pars - squeeze out party - celebration, festival, party, many, a lot of Parys - Paris pas - fit, conform, fit in, be appropriate, suit

Pase - Easter passasier - passenger patroon - pattern, stencil, template, templet pawiljoen - pavilion peer - pear Peking - Peiping, Peking pensioen - pension, retirement pensioentrekker - retired person, pensioner, retiree pensionaris - retired person, pensioner, retiree peper - pepper per - a, in, inside, into, per, within, by, by means of perd - horse perdry - ride a horse permanent - abiding, lasting, constantly, continually perron - platform, quay, wharf pers - press, violet persent - percent, percentage Persië - Iran Persies - Persian Persiese Golf - Persian Gulf perske - peach persoon - person persoonlik - individual, personal pet - cap petrol - gasolene, gasoline, petrol piano - piano piekniek - picnic piekniek hou - picnic pienk - pink piesang - banana Pietermaritzburg - Pietermaritzburg pikswart - pitch black pil - pill Pireneë - Pyrenees pit - core, nucleus, kernel, pit pla - tease plaas - estate, farm, property, ranch, locate, place plaaslik - local plaat - dial, disc, disk, record plaatsvind - come about, happen, occur plak - glue, stick, plate, sheet, slab, slice plan - intention, meaning, plan, design, diagram, plane plant - plant plantasie - plantation plastiek - plastic Platduits - Low German plattelands - rural pleeg - act, do, make, perform plek - place, location, spot plesier - fun, pleasure plig - duty, obligation ploert - cheat, crook, rogue, scoundrel plus - plus poeding - pudding poeier - powder, cosmetic powder poësie - poetry poging - attempt, effort, test Pole - Poland poliesman - policeman polisie - police polisiestasie - police-station

politiek - political polities - political politikus - politician polshorlosie - watch, wrist-watch pomp - pump ponie - pony Pool - Pole Pools - Polish poot - leg, paw, foot pop - doll, puppet populêr - popular populier - poplar porsie - share Portugees - Portuguese, Portuguese language pos - post posgeld - postage posisie - position poskantoor - post-office, post office poswissel - money order pot - jug, pot, box, container, vessel potblou - bright blue pous - pope pouse - break, intermission, pause, recess praat - speak, talk pragtig - lovely, bright, brilliant prakties - practical predikant - pastor, preacher prent - film, motion picture, movie presies - exactly, sharp presteer - accomplish, attain, reach pretensieus - arrogant Pretoria - Pretoria preuts - prudish primitief - primitive prinsipaal - rector privaat - private privaat- - private probeer - attempt, test, try probleem - problem, trouble produk - product produksie - production produseer - bear, produce proe - taste professioneel - professional professor - professor profyt - benefit, gain, profit program - program, programme projek - plan, project, scheme prokureur - jurist, lawyer promosie - promotion proses - lawsuit, process protes - protest protesteer - protest provinsie - province provizore - temporarily prys - commend, glorify, laud, praise, price psigiater - psychiatrist puberteit - puberty publiek - public puik - fine, great, eminent puisie - pimple

punt - dot, period, point, spot puriteins - puritan put - well pyl - arrow pyn - pain, pine, pine tree pynappel - pine-apple, pineapple pyp pipe

R

raad - advice, counsel raadpleeg - consult raadskamer - boardroom raak - become, come about, grow, happen, get raamwerk - cadre, frame, framework rabbi - rabbi radio - beam, ray, radio, wireless radium - radium rakkie - shelf rapport - account, record, report, scholary report ras - breed, race ratel - badger ratkas - gear-box, gear-case reageer - react, respond rebel - mutineer, rebel rede - cause, reason, logical reasoning reeds - already, by now, yet reël - arrange, fix up, regulation, rule reëlmatig - even, regular reën - rain reënboog - rainbow reg - jurisprudence, law, right, true, correct, exact regeer - control, govern, restrain, rule regering - government reghoekig - right-angle, square regime - regime, régime register - record, register registreer - record, register regmaak - fix, repair regop - directly, straigh ahead regs - on the right, to the right regterkant - right-hand side regtig - genuinely, indeed, really, truly reguit aan - straight ahead, straight along regverdig - fair, just, righteous reis - travel, journey, trip, voyage rekenaar - computer rekening - bill, invoice, calculation, account rekenmeester - accountant

rektig - absolutely, genuinly, indeed, really, truly rem - brake renoster - rhino, rhinoceros reptiel - reptile republiek - republic res - remainder, rest resep - prescription, recipe respek - respect respekteer - respect retoerkaartjie - return-ticket reuk - odor, odour, scent, smell reus - giant rewolwer - revolver rig - direct, guide, manage, steer rigting - direction ritus - rite rivier - river rob - seal robot - robot robyn - ruby Roemeen - Romanian, Rumanian Roemenië - Romania, Rumania Roemeniër - Romanian, Rumanian roer - curl, froth, stir, whip, whirl, move roete - route rog - rye rok - skirt rol - part, role, rôle rolletjie - roll rolprent - film, motion picture, movie Rome - Rome romp - skirt rond - round rood - red roofdier - beast of prey rooihond - German measles Rooihuid - Indian, American Indian rook - smoke room - cream roos - rose rooster - schedule, time-table, grate, grid, grill rot - rat rots - rock rou - crude, raw, rough rubriek - column, header rug - back ruik - smell rukkie - instant, moment Rus - Russian rus - repose, rest rusie - quarrel rusie maak - quarrel, wrangle Rusland - Russia Russies - Russian ry - ride, go, travel rybewys - driving-licence ryk - rich, wealthy, well-off ryp - mature, ripe rys rice

S saad - seed saak - affair, business, business deal, case, matter saal - saddle saam - together saam met - with, together with saambring - bring along, take along saamgaan - go with, assemble, congregate, gather, meet saamwerk - cooperate, co-operate saans - in the evening sag - soft sak - pocket sakeman - merchant, businessman sal - go, shall, will salaris - salary, wage, wages sambreel - umbrella samelewing - society sand - sand sandaal - sandal sanger - singer sanksie - sanction sap - juice, sap sardien - sardine Sardinies - Sardinian Satan - Lucifer, Satan sê - say, tell sebra - zebra sedert - since, ever since see - sea seehond - seal seekoei - hippo, hippopotamus seël - mark seën - bless seer - painful seer wees - ache, be painful, hurt seil - sail seker - certainly, probably seker maak - assure, certify, make certain sekerheid - safety, security sekerlik - certainly sekondêr - accessory, secondary sekretaresse - secretary seks - sex sektor - sector sekuriteitsbeampte - security officer selde - seldom selebrasie - celebration self - self, herself, himself, itself selfs - even sendeling - missionary sensitief - impressable, sensitive

sent - cent sentimeter - centimeter, centimetre sentraal - central sentrale - exchange, power station September - September sertifikaat - certificate, testimony sertifiseer - assure, certify, make certain servette - napkin Serwië - Serbia Serwiër - Serb Serwies - Serb ses - six sesde - sixth sestien - sixteen sestig - sixty seun - son, boy sewe - seven sewende - seventh sewentien - seventeen sewentig - seventy Siamees - Siamese siek - ill, sick siekte - disease, illness sielkundige - psychologist sien - come across, encounter, meet, see sieraad - adornment, decoration, ornament sigaar - cigar sigaret - cigarette sigbaar - visible sigeuner - gypsy, Gypsy silwer - silver simbool - symbol simfonie - symphony simpatie - sympathy sin - sentence sing - sing sinies - cynical sinneloos - absurd Sint Helena - Saint Helena sit - lay down, place, put, put down, sit sitkamer - living room, living-room, sitting room sitplek - seat situasie - circumstances, condition, situation, state sjampoe - shampoo sjerrie - sherry sjimpansee - chimpanzee Sjina - China Sjinees - Chinese sjokolade - chocolate skaak - chess skaal - scale skaam hom - be ashamed skaamte - abashment, shame skaap - sheep skaapvleis - mutton skaars - barely, hardly, only just, scarcely, rare skade - damage skadu - shade, shadow skakel - telephone, link skakering - hue, nuance, shade, tint skandaal - commotion, scandal

skare - crowd, heap, mass, multitude, pile, band, bevy skat - darling, treasure skeef - oblique, slanting skeer - shave skema - model, pattern, scheme skemer - dusk, twilight skep - create skêr - scissors skerm - screen skets - design, outline, sketch ski - ski skielik - all of a sudden, suddenly skiereiland - peninsula skil - bark, husk, peel, shell skilderagtig - picturesque skildery - painting, picture skilpad - tortoise skip - ship, vessel skitterend - bright, brilliant skoen - shoe skok - shake, shock skone - beautiful woman, beauty skool - bench, school skoolvakansie - school holidays skoon - clean, pure skoonmaak - clean, cleanse, make clean, purge skop - kick Skot - Scot, Scotsman Skotland - Scotland Skots - Scottish skouer - shoulder skraal - gaunt, lean, meager, skimpy, skinny, thin skreeu - cry out, scream, shout skrif - script, writing skriftelik - written skryf - write skrywer - author, writer skuim - foam, froth skuld - owe, debt skuldig - guilty skyf - dial, disc, disk, record, slice skyn - appear, appear to be, seem slaaf - slave slaag - succeed slaai - salad slaap - be asleep slaapkamer - bedroom slag - blow, butcher, slaughter slagoffer - victim slagter - butcher Slams - Islamic, Malay slang - serpent, snake sleep - drag, tow sleg - bad, miserable, nasty, poor, badly slegs - exclusively, just, only, alone, solely sleutel - key, wrench slim - clever, cunning, sly, smart sloot - hole, ditch, pit Slowaak - Slovak Slowaaks - Slovak Slowakies - Slovak

Slowakye - Slovakia Sloween - Slovene, Slovenian Sloweens - Slovenian sluk - swallow smaak - taste smaaklik - nice, tasty smeek - beseech smôrens - in the morning snags - at night, by night snawel - beak, bill sneeu - snow sneeuwit - snow white snelheid - speed snelheidsgrens - speed-limit, speed limit sny - clip, cut, shear, slice so - about, approximately, like this, so, that way so n - such, such a so ... soos - as ... as, so ... as so lyk - as, how, like, such as so net - just, just now Soedan - Sudan soek - look for, seek soen - kiss soet - gentle, soft, sweet, tender sofa - sofa sokker - football, soccer sokkie - sock solank - all the time, in the meantime, meanwhile soldaat - pawn, soldier somer - summer sommer - preferably sommige - a few, any, some somtyds - several times, sometimes son - sun, sunshine Sondag - Sunday sonde - sin, transgression sonder - without soogdier - mammal soort - kind, sort soos - as, how, like, such as sorg - care, see, take care, worry sorgvuldig - careful, tender sosiaal - social sous - gravy, sauce sout - salt sowaar - absolutely, actually, in fact, genuinly, indeed sowat - about, approximately Spaans - Spanish, Spanish language Spaanse taal - Spanish, Spanish language spaar - save, spare spandeer - dedicate, devote, pay out, spend Spanje - Spain spanning - tension, voltage speel - play sperma - sperm spesiaal - particular, special spesifiek - specific spierwit - snow white spiraal - spiral spoed - race, run, speed spoel - bobbin, coil, spool, gargle, rinse

spog - boast, brag spook - ghost, phantom sport - sport sportgrond - sports ground sprong - jump, leap spuug - spit spyskaart - menu staal - steel staan - abide, bear, carry out, endure, put up with staat - realm, state, condition stad - city, town stadigaan - gradually, little by little staf - staff staking - strike stam - stem, trunk, tree-trunk, tribe standaard - norm, standard standbeeld - statue standpunt - viewpoint stap - march, walk stapel - crowd, heap, mass, multitude, pile, stack stapper - stroller stasie - station steeds - always steel - steal Steenbok - Capricorn steenkool - coal stelling - essay, thesis stelsel - system ster - star, celebrity sterf - pass away, die, expire sterk - strong stert - tail stewig - firm, robust, sturdy, solid stilhou - halt, come to a halt, stop stilswygend - silently stoel - chair stoep - porch, veranda stok - baton, cane, stick stop - halt, stop storie - narrative, story, tale stort - shower straat - street straf - punishment strak - strained strand - beach strandwolf - hyaena, hyena strategies - strategic streek - region strek - run stroom - flow struik - bush, shrub struktuur - structure studeer - study student - academic, scholar, student studie - study stuk - fragment, lump, piece, part, share, spare part stukkend - broken, out of order, damaged stuur - send, transmit styg - ascend, get up, go up, lift, rise, arise styl - style subsidie - subsidy

suggestie - the power of suggestion Suid-Afrika - South Africa Suid-Afrikaans - South African Suid-Afrikaner - South African Suid-Amerika - South America suide - south suidelik - south, southern Suidelike Yssee - Antarctic Ocean Suidpool- - Antarctic suiker - sugar suikerriet - sugar-cane suip - drink, drink to excess suiwer - clean, pure sukses - success sultan - sultan supermark - supermarket surplus - surplus suspisie - suspicion suster - nurse, sister suurlemoen - lemon suurlemoensap - lemon juice swaai - brandish, fling, swing, wave, wave about swaar - burdensome, heavy, onerous swak - faint, light, weak swart - black Swart See - Black Sea, Euxine Sea swarte - Negro Swede - Sweden Sweed - Swede Sweeds - Swedish sweer - swear swem - float, swim swembad - swimming-bath swempak - bathing suit, bathing-suit swerf - migrate, roam, wander, wander about swerm - swarm swerwer - Bedouin, Beduin Switser - Swiss Switserland - Helvetia, Switzerland sy - his, her, its, their, she syfer - cipher, digit, figure, numeral syne his

T

T-hemp - T-shirt taak - job, assigned job, task taal - language, tongue taamlik - a little, some, to some extend, rather, fairly tabak - tobacco

tafel - table tafeldoek - table-cloth tagtig - eighty tak - bough, branch tamatie - tomato tandarts - dentist tandpyn - toothache tans - at present, now tant - aunt tas - bag, sack taxi - taxi taxibestuurder - taxidriver, taxi-driver taxidrywer - taxidriver, taxi-driver te - too, too much te voet - on foot teater - theatre tee - tea teel - breed, keep, raise, rear teen - at, by, on, across from, against, in exchange for teenoorgesteld - reverse, reversed, alien, contrary, opposite teenstelling - contrast teenwoordigheid - presence teer - dainty, delicate, fine, refined tegelyk - all the time, in the meantime, meanwhile tegnies - technical tegnologie - technology teken - mark, sign, signal, token, character teks - lyric, text tel - count telefoon - telephone telegrafeer - telegraph telegram - telegram televisie - television, TV televisiestel - TV set, television set tempel - temple temperatuur - temperature ten doel hê - chase, hunt after, hunt for, pursue ten minste - at least ten opsigte van - as to, as regards, concerning, with reference to ten spyte van - despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, defiantly tenk - tank tennis - tennis tensy - unless tent - tent term - term tert - pie, tart terug - back terugbesorg - give back, return terugkom - come back, return terwyl - for, during, while, whilst tevrede - contented, pleased, satisfied tien - ten tier - leopard, tiger tikster - typist tipe - type tipies - characteristic, typical tjek - check, cheque tjekboek - cheque-book toe - to, toward, towards, closed, shut, now, well toegang - entrance, portal toeganklik - accessible

toekoms - future toemaak - close, shut toepas - apply, practice toeristeburo - tourist bureau toernooi - tournament toeskouer - spectator toespreek - address toestand - circumstances, condition, situation, state toestel - apparatus, device, set toeter - hooter toetree tot - join toets - test toevlugsoord - asylum, place of refuge, shelter toevoeg - add tog - so, then, therefore, certainly, indeed, rather toilet - toilet toneel - scene tongvis - sole toon - indicate, point out, show, toe, tone top - agreed, OK, O.K., okay toring - castle, tower tot - until tot by - until tot siens - bye, goodbye, so long totaal - overall, total totdat - until tou - file, line, rank, row, turn towenaar - enchanter, magician, sorcerer, warlock, wizard traan - tear tradisie - tradition tradisioneel - traditional tragedie - tragedy Transkei - Transkei transparant - transparant Transvaal - Transvaal, the Transvaal trap - staircase, stairs trawant - satellite tref - catch, hit, run across, strike trein - train trek - drag, draw, haul, pull, tug trommel - drum troos - comfort, console, consolation trop - flock, herd tropies - tropical trots - proud trottoir - pavement, sidewalk trou - marry, be married, get married Tsjeg - Czech, Czechoslovak, Czechoslovakian Tsjeggies - Czech, Czechoslovak, Czechoslovakian Tsjeggo-Slowakye - Czechoslovakia tuin - garden tuinmaak - gardening tuis - at home tulp - tulip Turk - Turk Turks - Turkish Turkye - Turkey tussen - among, between TV - television, TV twaalf - twelve twak - tobacco

twee - two tweede - second tweekeer - twice tweeling - twins twintig - twenty twyfel - doubt tyd - time tydelik - provisional, temporary, for the time being tydens - for, during, while, whilst tydskrift - periodical, magazine, revue

U

u - you, to you, your u s n - yours ui - onion uit - from, out of uitbeeld - depict, represent uitdaging - challenge uitdeel - deal, distribute uitdruk - express uitdrukking - expression uiteindelik - at last, finally, ultimately uitgaan - exit, go out uitgawe - edition uitgeput - exhausted, used up uitgesluit - exclusive uitgestrek - extensive, spacious, vast, wide uitgewer - publisher uithaal - draw out, drive out, express, utter uithou - abide, bear, carry out, endure, put up with uitleen - lend uitnodiging - invitation uitnooi - invite uitpak - unpack uitroei - exterminate, wipe out uitrusting - equipment uitsig - view uitslag - conclusion, effect, result uitsluit - exclude uitsonderlik - exceptional uitspraak - pronunciation uitstalling - exhibition, exposition uitstappie - excursion, outing, sightseeing trip uitstekend - fine, very well uittrek - take off, put off uitvind - invent

uitvoer - export uniek - unique uniform - uniform universiteit - university uraan - uranium uself - yourself uur - hour, o clock, time

V Vaal - Vaal vak - branch, compartment, department, pigeonhole vakant - vacant val - drop, fall vals - false van - surname, about, concerning van ... af - from, out of van nature - naturally vanaand - this evening vanaf - from, since vandag - today, to-day vang - capture, catch, grapple vanmiddag - this afternoon variasie - variety vark - pig vars - fresh, recent vars water - fresh water vas - abiding, lasting, constant, continual, permanent vashou - hang onto, hold vasmaak - attach, determine, fasten, fix, affix, make fast vasstel - attach, determine, fasten, fix, affix, make fast vasteland - continent, mainland vat - capture, catch, grapple, get, lay hold of Vatikaan - Vatican, the Vatican vee - livestock veer - feather, pen veertien - fourteen veertig - forty veg - fight, struggle veilig - safe, secure veiligheid - safety, security vel - skin veld - field veldtog - campaign Venezolaan - Venezuelan Venezolaans - Venezuelan Venezuela - Venezuela venster - window, show window

ver - away, distant, far, remote, far away, remotely veral - above all, especially, chiefly, mainly verander - alter, change, turn verantwoordelik - responsible verbaas - amaze verbaas hom - marvel, marvel at, wonder verband - bandage, relation, understanding verbeeld hom - fancy, imagine verbeelding - imagination verbind - combine, connect, join verbinding - connection verbleik - fade verblyf - stay verbrand - burn, incinerate verbrands - darn verbruiker - consumer verby - beyond, past, straight past verbygaan - pass, pass by, overtake verbyganger - passer-by verbykom - pass, pass by verbysteek - overhaul, overtake, pass verbysterd - dazed, perplexed, upset verdedig - defend verdien - earn, gain, win, be worthy of, deserve, merit verdieping - floor, storey, story verduidelik - explain, clarify verduideliking - explanation verdwaal - lose one s way verdwyn - disappear vereis - demand, postulate, require vereniging - association, society vergadering - meeting, assemblage, gathering vergeef - forgive, pardon vergeet - forget vergelding - compensation, reward vergelyk - compare vergelyking - comparison vergifnis - absolution, pardon verhaal - story, history, narrative, tale verhouding - proportion, rate verhuis - move verjaarsdag - birthday verkeer - concern, relate, traffic, be found, be located verkeerd - erroneous, mistaken, wrong, false, untrue verkeersknoop - traffic block, traffic congestion, traffic jam verkeersreëls - traffic rules verkies - choose, elect, pick out verklaar - declare, state, explain verklaring - declaration, proclamation, statement verkoop - dispose of, sell, vend verkoopsman - salesman verlaat - abandon, forsake, desert, leave verlaging - abasement verlang - desire, wish, long for, yearn verlede - past, last verlies - loss verlof - furlough, leave, pass verloofde - bride, fiancée verloor - lose verlos - release vermaak - entertainment, amusement, fun

vermeld - mention verminder - abate, abridge, decrease, lessen, diminish, drop vermink - top, truncate vermoë - ability, guess, presume, suppose, surmise vermy - avoid, evade verneder - abase veronderstel - hypothesize, guess, presume, suppose, surmise veroorsaak - cause, give rise to verorber - eat up, consume, use up verplaas - move, transfer verpleeg - attend, nurse, tend to verpleegster - nurse verplig - compel, force verpligting - duty, obligation verraad - betrayal, treachery verrassing - surprise verruklik - delightful, lovely vers - verse versamel - collect, gather, pick up versameling - collection verseker - insure, assure, certify, make certain versekering - insurance versie - version versigtig - careful, cautious verskeie - several verskil - differ, be different, difference verskillend - different verskoon my - excuse me verskyn - appear, emerge, perform verslaan - defeat, win over verslank - slim versoek - request versoeking - temptation Versoendag - Day of Atonement, Feast of Expiation verstaan - understand, realise, realize verstel - adjust, put right vertaal - translate vertaling - translation verteenwoordiger - representative vertel - relate, tell vertolk - interpret vertolking - interpretation vertoning - presentation vertoon - indicate, point out, show, introduce, perform vertraging - delay, retardation vertrek - absent onself, depart, go away, leave, departure vertroue - confidence, faith, trust vertroue stel in - rely on, trust in vertrouwe stel in - have faith, have faith in, trust, confide vervaardig - fabricate, manufacture, do, make, perform vervang - take the place of, replace, substitute vervelig - boring, tiresome vervoer - transport verwag - abide, expect, wait, await, wait for verwant - related verwar - entangle, implicate, confuse, puzzle verward - dazed, perplexed, upset verwerf - acquire, attain, get, obtain verwysing - reference veselperske - mango vet - fat, fatty, greasy, grease

vetterig - fat, fatty, greasy vier - four vierde - fourth viering - celebration Vietnamees - Vietnamese vinger - finger vinnig - fast, quick, rapid, speedy, swift, quickly viool - violin viooltjie - violet vir - to, toward, towards, for, during, while, whilst virus - virus vis - fish visie - opinion visser - fisherman visvang - fish vitamien - vitamin vitamine - vitamin vla - cream Vlaams - Flemmish Vlaandere - Flanders vlag - banner, flag vlam - flame Vlaming - Flemming vlei - flatter, valley vleis - meat vleuel - wing vlieg - fly, housefly vliegtuig - plane, aeroplane, airplane, air-plane vliegveld - airfield Vlissingen - Flushing vloei - flow vloeistof - fluid, liquid vlug - flee, run away voedsel - food, nourishment voegwoord - conjunction voel - feel, sense voel e - feel ... voël - bird voertuig - vehicle voet - foot, paw voetslaner - stroller vol - complete, full, completely, fully vol maak - fill, fill in, fill up volg - follow volgende - following, next volgens - according to, along volledig - entire, overall, whole volstruis - ostrich volume - volume volwasse - adult, full-grown voor - before, in front of voorbeeld - example voorberei - prepare voordat - before voordeel - advantage, benefit voorgrond - foreground, close-up voorheen - ahead, formerly, previously voorkom - prevent, be found, be located, find oneself voorkop - forehead voorletter - initial voormalige - former, last, previous, prior, ex-

voornaam - Christian name voorraad - supply voorreg - privilege voorsit - serve voorsitter - chairman, president voorskrif - regulation voorspelling - prophecy, forecast, prognosis voorstad - suburb voorstel - introduce, perform, present, offer, proposal voort - ahead, foreward voorval - event, occasion, occurence, opportunity vorentoe - ahead, foreward vorm - form, shape, blank vra - ask, ask for, beg, bid, request vraag - question vragmotor - lorry, truck vrede - peace vreedsaam - peaceful, peaceloving vreemd - alien, foreign, strange vrees - fear vreugde - gladness, joy vriend - friend vriendelik - affable, friendly, good-natured, kind vriendelikheid - kindness vriendin - friend vries - freeze vrieshok - freezer vroeër - ahead, formerly, previously vroeëre - former, last, previous, prior, exvroeg - early vroegtydig - early vrolik - cheerful, gay, merry vrou - wife, woman Vrouedag - Candlemas vroulik - female, feminine vrug - fruit vrugbaar - fertile vrugteloos - abortive, useless, futile, vain vry - free Vrydag - Friday vryf - rub vryheid - freedom vrymaak - release vrywilliger - volunteer VSA - United States of America, USA vuil - dirty, filthy, nasty, soiled, unclean vuis - fist vulkaan - volcano vurk - fork vuur - fire vuurhoutjie - match vyand - enemy vyandelik - hostile vyf - five vyfde - fifth vyftien - fifteen vyftig fifty

W

waag - dare, be bold waai - blow waar - where, true waar ... heen - where ... to waarborg - guarantee, warrant waarde - value, worth waardeer - appreciate, like waardevol - costly, valuable waarheen - where ... to waarheid - truth, reality waarnatoe - where ... to waarom - what for, why waarsku - caution, warn waarskuwing - warning waarskynlik - probably waatlemoen - water-melon wag - abide, expect, wait, await, wait for wag vir - abide, expect, wait, await, wait for wagkamer - waiting-room, waiting room Waleland - Wallonia Walhalla - Valhalla, Walhalla Wallies - Welsh Wallis - Wales Walliser - Welshman walvis - whale wandel - go for a walk, stroll wandelaar - stroller wandelpad - path wang - cheek wanneer - when wanneer? - when? want - because, for, since ware - goods, wares warm - warm was - wax waskamer - washroom wat - what, that, which, which one, who wat? - what? water - water watt - Watt watter - that, which, which one, who watter soort - what kind of, what sort of

wedstryd - competition, contest, game, match weduwee - widow week - soften up, soak weekliks - weekly weeldeartikel - luxury weens - because of, on account of, for sake of Weens - Vienna, Viennese weer - again, all over again, anew, once more, weather wees - be weeskind - orphan weet - know, know how weghardloop - abscond wegsteek - put away, stow wegstuur - dismiss, turn away weier - refuse, reject weiering - refusal wekker - alarm clock welkom - welcome welvaart - well-being, prosperity, success wen - earn, gain, win wenk - hint, tip wenkbrou - brow, eyebrow wêreld - world werk - function, operate, run, work, job werker - hand, laborer, labourer, operative, worker werkgewer - employer werklik - true, absolutely, genuinly, indeed, really, truly werkloos - unemployed werkloosheid - unemployment werknemer - employee werktuigkundige - mechanic werkwoord - verb westelik - western Westers - western wet - law wetenskap - science wewenaar - widower whisky - whisky, whiskey wie - that, which, which one, who wie se - which one s, whose wie? - who? wiel - wheel wil - be willing to, want, wish, willingness wildebees - gnu, wildebeest wilgerboom - willow wind - wind winkel - boutique, shop, store winkelvenster - show window wins - gain, profit winter - winter wiskunde - mathematics wiskundig - mathematical wissel - interchange, swap, turn wit - blank, white witmens - European, white man Woensdag - Wednesday woestynbewoner - Bedouin, Beduin wol - wool wolf - wolf Wolga - Volga wond - injury, wound

wonder - miracle wonderbaarlik - miraculous, amazing, astonishing, wonderful woning - abode, accommodation, dwelling, residence woon - dwell, live woonstel - apartment, flat woord - word woordeboek - dictionary, vocabulary word - become, come about, grow, happen, get wors - sausage wortel - carrot, root wreedaardig - cruel wurm - worm wyn - wine wys - manner, mode, way, melody, tune, indicate wyse - manner, mode, way wysheid - wisdom wysie - melody, tune

X

xeres - sherry Xhosa - Xhosa Xhosa- - Xhosa Xhosavrou - Xhosa woman

Y yard - yard yoghurt - yoghourt, yoghurt ys - ice, icecream Ysland - Iceland Yslander - Icelander Yslands - Icelandic Yssee - Arctic Ocean yster iron

Z

Zambia - Zambia Zeus - Zeus Zimbabwe - Zimbabwe Zoeloe - Zulu, Zulu language