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Leadership Roles And Management Functions in Nursing Theory And Application by Bessie L Marquis – Marquis – Test Test Bank
Sample Questions
1.
Which statement regarding the responsibility of a manager in advocacy is accurate? A)
Advocacy is a management function and not a leadership role
B)
Managers advocate only as needed to meet organizational goals
C)
Managers should advocate for patients as well as subordinates
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D)
Professional advocacy is not a primary concern for most managers
Ans:
C
Feedback:
Advocacy is helping others to grow and self-actualize. The manager must be an advocate for patients, subordinates, and the nursing profession. The remaining statements are not accurate descriptions of the manager’s role as advocate.
2.
How is the action of advocacy described? A)
Informing others of their rights and making certain t hey have sufficient information to make decisions
B)
Learning about the need for a decision and then making a good decision for other people
C)
Supporting an individual’s right to make a decision even when they do not have accurate information
D)
Protecting the rights of patients in accordance with the law
Ans:
A
Feedback:
The advocate informs others of their rights and makes certain they have sufficient information to make decisions. The remaining options are incorrect when describing the action associated with advocacy.
3.
Even after a lengthy discussion concerning the ramifications, a patient w ants to leave the hospital against medical advice (AMA). What would the nurse do in the role of patient
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B)
Ask family members to help talk the patient out of the decision
C)
Call the security guard to escort the patient off hospital property
D)
Make sure the patient has appropriate follow-up appointments
Ans:
D
Feedback:
As advocate for this patient, you have made sure he is informed of the ramifications of leaving AMA; however, it is a patient’s right to refuse treatment. The other options fail to recognize the patient’s right to make autonomous choices.
4.
Which statement about a national Patient Bill of Rights is accurate? A)
Not yet been enacted by the federal government
B)
Became the law of the land
C)
Became legally binding in every state
D)
Has not been beneficial to patients
Ans:
A
Feedback:
Although there has been significant progress in the field of patient rights since 1960, ther e is still no comprehensive federal legislation directed at the granting and protection of patient rights.
5.
Who plays a primary role in ensuring that workers have reasonable, working schedules?
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C)
Managers
D)
Federal government
Ans:
C
Feedback:
In workplace advocacy, the manager works to see that the work environment is both safe and conducive to professional and personal growth for subordinates. The other options play a role in such situations but the manager has the primary responsibility.
6.
Which situation is a reality for whistle-blowers? A)
Retaliation against them is illegal
B)
Fellow workers are supportive of them
C)
Federal and State law protects them
D)
They are often afraid to speak out
Ans:
D
Feedback:
Although whistle-blower protection has been advocated for at the federal level and has been passed in some states, many employees are re luctant to report unsafe conditions for fear of retaliation. Nurses should check with their state association to assess t he status of whistleblower protection in their state. Ret aliation and resentment still exist against these individuals in many situations.
7.
Which statement is true regarding political action committees (PACs)?
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C)
Their focus is the passage of specific pieces of legislature
D)
They appear to have little influence with law makers
Ans:
A
Feedback:
PACs of the Congress of Industrial Organizations attempt to persuade legislators to vote in a particular way. Lobbyists of the PAC may be members o f a group interested in a particular law or paid agents of the group gr oup that wants a specific bill passed or defeated. Currently, PACs appear to have a significant amount of influence on law make rs and the legislative process.
8.
Which factor has the greatest influence on a legislator? A)
Form letters from group members
B)
Individual phone calls from constituents
C)
Meeting with a strong collective political group
D)
A personal visit by an individual constituent
Ans:
C
Feedback:
Legislators and policy makers generally are mor e willing to deal with a group rather than individuals; thus, joining and supporting professional organizations allow nurses to become active in lobbying for a stronger nurse practice act or for t he creation or expansion of advanced nursing roles.
9.
Which strategies would demonstrate an understanding of effective preparation for a television
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C)
Repeat key points several times during the interview
D)
Provide background material related to the key points
Ans:
A, B, C, D
Feedback:
The best strategies for a television interview are to be prepared and to stick to three or four key points that will drive home your message, and repeat them during the interview. Concentrating on popular points is not necessarily where the focus should be directed.
10.
What statement is true concerning nurses as a political body? A)
They are very committed to both their profession and the political process
B)
Many are active members of the American Nurses Association (ANA)
C)
Their primary focus is to speak out on consumer health-related issues
D)
They have not yet recognized the full potential of political activity
Ans:
D
Feedback:
As a whole, the nursing profession has not yet recognized the full potential of collective political activity. Nurses must exert their collective influence and make their concerns known to policy makers before they can have a major impact on political and legislative outcomes. The remaining options are not true of nurses in general.
11.
Which leadership role is associated with advocacy? A)
Create
climate where advocacy and its associated risk-taking
valued
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D)
Seek appropriate consultation when advocacy results in intrapersonal or interpersonal conflict
Ans:
A
Feedback:
A leadership role associated with advocacy is to create a climate where advocacy and its associated risk-taking are valued. Management functions include the following: give subordinates and patients adequate information to make informed decisions; ensure that rights and values of patients supersede those of the health-care providers; and seek appropriate consultation when advocacy results in intrapersonal or interpersonal conflict.
12.
Which management function is associated with advocacy? A)
Awareness of current legislative efforts affecting nursing practice and organizational and unit management
B)
Role modeling proactive involvement in health-care policy through both formal and informal interactions with the media and legislative representatives
C)
Participation in professional nursing organizations and other groups that seek to advance the profession of nursing
D)
Assertively advocating on behalf of patients and subordinates when an intermediary is necessary
Ans:
A
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13.
How can nurses act as advocates? Select all that apply. A)
Helping others make informed decisions
B)
Directly intervening on behalf of others
C)
Providing consent to treat for the cognitively impaired patients
D)
Making health-care decisions for those who are not able to do so
Ans:
A, C, D
Feedback:
Nurses may act as advocates by either eithe r helping others make informed decisions, by acting as intermediary in the environment, or by directly intervening on behalf of others. Advocates do not make decisions or provide consent but r ather educate patients so they can be informed.
14.
Which characteristic associated with being a patient increases the need for advocacy? S elect all that apply. A)
Loss of physical freedom as a result of extended hospitalizations
B)
Decreased independence due to physical or psychosocial limitations
C)
Physical or psychosocial limitations negatively impacted autonomy
D)
Illness tends to make an individual more vulnerable to unethical activities
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15.
Which are common areas requiring nurse –patient advocacy? Select all that apply. A)
Securing patient consents
B)
Preventing medication errors
C)
Facilitating access to health-care services
D)
Respect for patient dignity and cultural values
Ans:
A, B, C, D
Feedback:
Common areas requiring nurse –patient advocacy include inadequate patient consents; medical errors; access to health care; and respect for patient dignity and cultural values. While hospitalization is expensive, education on this subject is not considered a nursing advocacy role.
16.
Which intervention demonstrates that the nurse-manager is to advocate for patients in common areas of concern? Select all that apply. A)
Staffing a unit with sufficient care providers
B)
Orienting staff to safely use a new patient lift
C)
Providing an in-service on culturally meeting end-of-life needs
D)
Arranging for patient consultations with members of the financial office
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17.
Whose rights do the legislative controls of nursing practice primarily protect? A)
Patients
B)
Subordinates
C)
Managers
D)
Administrators
Ans:
A
Feedback:
The legislative controls of nursing practice primarily protect the rights of patients. Protection of those identified by the other options while important is the primary focus of the nursing practice legislative bodies.
18.
Patients were often denied basic human rights until when? A)
1940s
B)
1950s
C)
1960s
D)
1970s
Ans:
C
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B)
A professional medical organization
C)
A regulation professional nursing organization
D)
A specific state
Ans:
D
Feedback:
A bill of rights that has become law or state regulation has the t he most legal authority because it provides the patient with legal recourse. A bill of rights issued by health-care organization and professional associations is not legally binding but may influence federal or state funding and certainly should be considered professionally binding.
20.
Which standard of the American Nurses Association (ANA) Scope and Standards for Nurse Administrators suggests that nurse administrators should advocate for subordinates as well as patients? A)
II
B)
III
C)
IV
D)
V
Ans:
D
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A)
Assuring the patient that their wishes will be respected regarding the care they receive
B)
Identifying the patient’s religious dietary practices when discussing a prescribed diet
C)
Answering the patient’s questions regarding the alternatives to a proposed procedure
D)
Suggesting to a patient that a social services consult would help with discharge needs
Ans:
A, B, C, D
Feedback:
The nursing values central to advocacy emphasize caring, autonomy, respect, and empowerment. While appropriate, comforting a patient is not an act of advocacy in this situation.
22.
Which strategy demonstrates an understanding of the management’s role as advocate for their subordinates? Select all that apply.
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23.
Managerial advocacy has resulted in which profession of nursing characteristics? Select all that apply. A)
Ethical code
B)
Legal recognition
C)
Nurse Practice Acts
D)
Professional licensing
Ans:
A, B, C, D
Feedback:
Managers must be advocates for the nursing profession. It was nurses who pushed for accountability through state nurse practice acts and state licensing. Nurse-leaders collaborated on defining the profession, achieving legal recognition of the profession and establishing a culture for professional nursing which has continued to the present time. Advocating for professional nursing is a leadership role. Professional issues are always ethical issues. When nurses find a discrepancy between between their perceived role and society’s expectations, they have a responsibility to advocate for the profession. This includes speaking out on consumer issues, continuing and expanding attempts to influence legislation, and increasing membership on governmental health policy-making boards and councils. Only then will nurses be able to
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legislator properly by title. Establish your credibility early in the lett er as both a constituent and a health-care expert. State your reason for writing the letter in the first paragraph, and refer to the specific bill that you are w riting about. Then, state your position on the issue and give personal examples as necessary to support your position. Offer your assistance as a resource person for additional information. Sign the letter, including your name and contact information. Remember to be persistent, and write le gislators repeatedly who are undecided on an issue. Display 6.5 displays a format common to letters w ritten to legislators.
25.
A nurse-manager has been asked to wr ite an article for the newspaper addressing a healthcare issue of local concern. Which statement demonstrates the nurse understandings the appropriate way to response to such a request? Select all that apply. A)
“I’ll include the latest data on the subject.”
B)
“When will you need to have the final draft of my article?”
C)
“Are you comfortable with me focusing on 3 key points related to this topic?”
D)
“That isn’t my field of expertise but I will contact a peer with that knowledge.”
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Ans:
B
Feedback:
Daily planning is essential if the manager is to manage by efficiency rather than by crisis. The remaining options are steps that occur afte r planning.
2.
What is the reason that first- and middle-level managers experience more interr uptions than higher-level managers? A)
They generally interact directly with a greater number of subordinates in daily planning
B)
They seldom have the clerical and secretarial help assigned to higher-level managers
C)
They are more social in nature and personal interactions
D)
They are busier than higher-level managers
Ans:
A
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Feedback:
Excessive paperwork is an external time waster; the others are time wasters created by the manager (internal).
4.
What does the good manager have to remember about creating a daily list? A)
It should remain changed once initial planning is completed
B)
It is a planning tool, and thus must have flexibility in its implementation
C)
It should include all the planner’s short-term, intermediate, and long-term goals
D)
It should be highly structured, thus decreasing the possibility of procrastination
Ans:
B
Feedback:
The daily list should be flexible, changeable, leave some time for the unexpected, and include
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Appointments will discourage unproductive socialization since time will be allotted and a schedule maintained. Open-door policies and impromptu mee tings encourage socialization while strict professional boundaries may actually interfere with communications.
6.
Which plan is an effective way of handling a large task? A)
Plan to finish the task with few breaks
B)
Delegate portions of the task to qualified staff
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Nurses who are self-aware and have clearly identified personal goals and priorities have greater control over how they spend their time. The other options are not true statements regarding time management.
8.
Which task should the team leader initially engage in when planning care for a group of patients? A)
Plan so that each patient on the team receives equal amounts of nursing care
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Whenever possible, incoming correspondence should be handled the day it arrives. I t should either be thrown away or filed according to the date to be completed. The other options do not have the same amount of impact o n controlling clutter.
10.
Which technique will help the manager prioritize? A)
Doing “trivial” items first to get them out of the way
B)
Putting some items in the “don’t do” category
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The foundational principle of time management is short-term planning. Strategic planning is a long-term activity while the other options lack the flexibility needed by time management.
12.
Which activity is associated with a leadership role in time management? A)
Assisting followers in working cooperatively to maximize time use
B)
Prioritizing day-to-day planning to meet short-term and long-term unit goals
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D)
3, 4
Ans:
D
Feedback: Do not make yourself overly accessible. Make it easy for people to ignore you. Try not to “work” at the nursing station, if this is possible. Interrupt . When someone is rambling on without getting to the point, break in and say gently, “Excuse me. Somehow I’m not getting your message. What exactly are you saying?” Avoid saying?” Avoid promoting promoting socialization socialization. Having several comfortable chairs in your office, a full c andy dish, and posters on your walls that invite comments encourage socializing in your office. Be brief . Watch your own long-winded comments, and stand up when you are finished.
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1.
Allow time for planning and establish priorities.
2.
Complete the quickest priority tasks first. Complete the highest priority task, and whenever possible, finish one t ask before
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What
the
critical skill
good
management?
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19.
What do the “do now” requests reflect?
A)
A unit’s day -to-day operational needs
B)
Issues related to short-term goals
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In prioritizing all the “do now” items, the manager may find preparing a written list helpful. The list is a planning tool. Remember, however, that a list is a plan, not a product, and that the creation of the list is not the t he final goal.
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Setting new priorities or adjusting priorities to reflect ever-changing work situations is an ongoing reality for the unit manager. While t he other options are appropriate, they are not directed to the management role r ole in dealing with the ever-changing nature of the environment of nursing.
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