Le Master

 

YB_I^[BFJF ^ICBMHJA JYVMHMLJ FI AM[ JHFI[ ‑YHBJHFI[“

OJKYAVJF FI KBIHKBJ[ LIFBKJ[ VÂKHBKJ[ ^JFBMC^ÊOBKJ[ Kjlbaj _baajouirti | Mfmhtmamcìj 6“J“ | >2/73/>7>>

 

Vâkhbkj Ailjstir  Ih ams istufbms rjfbmcrêobkms fi aj ricbûh fi ams lmajris supirbmris si suiai mnsirvjr kmh njstjhti orikuihkbj aj supirpmsbkbûh fi aj jpûobsbs pbrjlbfja fia ljxbajr supirbmr y fia duism ljajr smnri ia tirkbm jpbkja fi ajs rjìkis fi ams fbihtis lihkbmhjfms. lihkbmhjfms. Istj kbrkuhstjhkbj kmhstbtuyi uhj hmtmrbj fbobkuatjf kujhfm si bhtihtj istufbjr aj ricbûh êpbkm-pirbjpbkja ih tmfjs ajs ispikbjabfjfi ispikbjabfjfiss mfmhtmaûcbkjs y luy ispikbjalihti ih ihfmfmhkbj (:). Is uhj vjrbifjf fi aj tâkhbkj fi aj nbsiktrbz, is uhj tâkhbkj ixkausbvj  pjrj ia prblir lmajr supirbmr supirbmr qui fbslbhuyi fbslbhuyi aj jhcuajkbûh jhcuajkbûh virtbkja y tmljlms tmljlms kmh >7 j >9 crjfms pmsbtbvms (>). Istj tâkhbkj dj sbfm fbsiújfj ispikìobkjlihti pjrj fispiejr aj _ fia ljajr kujhfm âstj si smnriprmyiktj smnri ajs rjìkis fi ams lmajris supirbmris. ½Kuêa is su prbhkbpbm=

Amcrjr uh riajtbvm pjrjaiabslm ihtri ia iei ljymr fi aj pbizj y ia pajhm fia pjquiti rjfbmcrêobkm lifbjhti aj kmamkjkbûh fi uh rmaam fi jacmfûh ihtri ia pjquiti y ia  prblir lmajr supirbmr (kjrj (kjrj pjajtbhj fia kuiaam). kuiaam).

WÊCBHJ :

 

Bhkbfihkbj fia rjym y jhcuajkbûh 5 vj pirpihfbkuajr ja iei ljymr fi aj pbizj y ia

 pajhm fia pjquiti pjquiti rjfbmcrêobkm. [i fbslbhuyi aj jhcuajkbûh jhcuajkbûh virtbkja y tmljlms tmljlms kmh >7 j >9· pmsbtbvms. Wripjrjkbûh fia pjkbihti pjrj aj rijabzjkbûh fi rjfbmcrjoìjs.

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[i fbrbci ja usujrbm ja êrij fi tmlj fi rjfbmcrjoìjs. Jhtis fi tmljr aj rjfbmcrjoìj, sb ia usujrbm is lueir si fini bhtirrmcjr sb istê ih istjfm fi ilnjrjzm. [i ixpabkj, sb tbihi iailihtms litêabkms fia kuiaam djkbj jrrbnj m sb tbihi jacõh jpjrjtm rilmvbnai ih nmkj fini ritbrjrams jhtis fi tmljr aj rjfbmcrjoìj si unbkj ja usujrbm sicõh aj rjfbmcrjoìj qui si ai vjyj j ioiktujr.

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Djkir qui ia pjkbihti si sbihti kmh ia rispjafm j 37µ-47µ y aj kjnizj nbih jpmyjfj smnri ia ripmsjkjnizjs fi lmfm qui puifj ljhtihirsi bhlûvba.

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Wjrj ajs rjfbmcrjoìjs fi aj jrkjfj supirbmr, pmsbkbmhjr aj kjnizj fia pjkbihti fi ljhirj qui ia pajhm mkausja fi fbkdj jrkjfj istâ pjrjaiam ja suiam.

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Wifbr ja pjkbihti qui si qubti ams jpjrjtms fihtjais qui puifjh bhoaubr ih aj tmlj fi rjfbmcrjoìjs. WÊCBHJ >

 

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Wifbr ja pjkbihti qui si qubti cjojs, m pbirkbhcs mrjais.

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Wrmticir ja pjkbihti kmh uh fiajhtja fi pamlm pristjhfm jtihkbûh j qui ia kmaajrìh si jfdbirj nbih ja kuiaam pjrj prmticir ia tbrmbfis y ajs vârtinrjs

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kirvbkjais. Bhomrljr ja usujrbm qui hm si fini lmvir furjhti aj tmlj fi aj rjfbmcrjoìj (;).

Wjsms pjrj aj tmlj rjfbmcrêobkj kmh aj tâkhbkj fi Ai Ljstir

:. ^ikipkbûh fi aj mrfih rjfbmcrêobkj5  Isti pjsm is luy blpmrtjhti yj qui riprisihtj aj bhbkbjtbvj fi tmfm prmkism rjfbmcrêobkm qui vjlms j rijabzjr, jfilês hms bhomrlj fi aj pbizj, aj zmhj, ia siktmr y tâkhbkj smabkbtjfj pjrj rijabzjr aj tmlj rjfbmcrêobkj. >. Jhjlhisbs ^jfbmaûcbkj5 Kmhsbsti ih uhj nrivi ihtrivbstj rijabzjfj ja  pjkbihti pmr pjrti pjrti fia mfmhtûamcm mfmhtûamcm qui hms sirvbrê pjrj istjnaikir istjnaikir ajs fbriktrbkis, tâkhbkjs y fikbsbmhis qui ia prmoisbmhja jsuli ih kujhtm j aj rijabzjkbûh fia ixjlih rjfbmcrêobkm. [i finih rijabzjr pricuhtjs tjais kmlm5    ½[i dj smlitbfm j ixêlihis rjfbmcrêobkms y fi quâ tbpm= 

 ½Zuâ kjhtbfjf fi rjfbjkbûh dj rikbnbfm ih oikdjs rikbihtis=

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 ½Wmr quâ ai ljhfm j tmljr aj rjfbmcrjoìj=

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 ½[i ihkuihtrj ih rjfbmtirjpbjs=

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;. Lifbfjs fi Nbmsicurbfjf5  Jhtis fi aj tmlj ^jfbmcrêobkj5 

[i fini rijabzjr ia prmkism fi fisbhoikkbûh fia sbaaûh tjhtm ih ia kjnizja kmlm ih ia ristm fia lbslm.

WÊCBHJ ;

 

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Fisbhoikkbûh fia iqubpm fi rjfbmamcìj ispikbjalihti fi aj kjnizj fia iqubpm fi rjyms T.

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Ih riajkbûh ja pjkbihti si fini rijabzjr r ijabzjr iheujcuis kmh kamrdixbfbhj. Ia ajvjfm fi ljhms pmr pjrti fia prmoisbmhja. Ysm fi njrrirjs fi prmtikkbûh tjais kmlm cujhtis, njtj qui rifuzkjh aj ixpmsbkbûh fi lukmsjs, mems y kbirtms oaubfms.

Furjhti aj tmlj rjfbmcrêobkj5 

Ivbtjr ia djz prbljrbm fi rjfbjkbûh,

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[i rikmlbihfj kunrbr ia pjquiti rjfbmcrêobkm kmh uh paêstbkm.

Fispuâs fi aj tmlj rjfbmcrêobkj5 

[i fini sulircbr ia pjquiti rjfbmcrêobkm ih jakmdma ja 37% furjhti 9 lbhutms.

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Iablbhjr ams fisikdms y ljtirbja kmhtjlbhjfm fi omrlj jfikujfj ih sus rispiktbvms kmhtihifmri kmhtihifmris. s.

6. Li Lifb fbfj fjss fi fi Wr Wrmt mtikk ikkbû bûh5 h5

Wrmtikkbûh ja pjkbihti furjhti aj ixpmsbkbûh5 

Ysm fi obatrms5 dikdms fi jaulbhbm kmnri y nirbabm kmh uh ispismr fi :,> ll, fiej pjsjr ams rjyms õtbais pjrj aj tmlj rjfbmcrêobkj y jnsmrni ams rjyms piabcrmsms hm õtbais.

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Ysm fi fbjorjclj5 ihkjrcjfm fi ricuajr ia pjsm fi aj rjfbjkbûh.

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Ysm fi kmhm m kmabljfmr5 sbrvi pjrj kjhjabzjr m fbrbcbr aj rjfbjkbûh ja sbtbm fisijfm.

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Julihtm fi `bam vmatjei5 ia julihtm fi isti hms bhfbkj aj kjhtbfjf fi rjym qui puifi sir pihitrjhti.

WÊCBHJ 6

 

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Julihtm fi fbstjhkbj omkm-pajkj.5 is aj kjhtbfjf fi rjfbjkbûh qui sjai fisfi aj ljhkdj najhkj djstj ia mneitm j rjfbmcrjobjr.

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Ytbabzjkbûh fi ljhfba fi pamlm, ia kuja fini tihir uh kmaajrìh tbrmbfim,

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yj qui fini prmticir ia kuiaam y tbrmbfis. Cjojs pamljfjs.

Wrmtikkbûh pjrj ia prmoisbmhja5 

Ivbtjr ia djz prbljrbm fi rjfbjkbûh5 ia prmoisbmhja hm finirê kmamkjrsi  euhtm ja pjkbihti pjkbihti ih ia lmlihtm fi fi aj tmlj rjfbmcrêobkj rjfbmcrêobkj hb smstihir aj kjnizj m kjamtj ih ia lmlihtm fi aj tmlj rjfbmcrêobkj.

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Ysm fi pjhtjaaj jhtb rjyms T5 is rikmlihfjnai utbabzjr ljhfba pamljfm  pirm sbh kmaajrìh tbrmbfim tbrmbfim yj qui hm istjlms istjlms rikbnbihfm rikbnbihfm aj rjfbjkbûh  pjrj aj tmlj.

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Ysm fi kjnbhjs pamljfjs5 uhj kjnbhj fi kmhkritm fi ja lihms :7 kl fi ispismr pjrj qui hm pjsi uh smam djz fi rjfbjkbûh, y trjs fi istm ihkmhtrjlms uh tjnairm fi kmhtrma y fi istj ljhirj djnrê sicurbfjf  pjrj qui ia prmoisbmhja prmoisbmhja puifj rijabzjr rijabzjr aj tmlj rjfbmcrêobkj. rjfbmcrêobkj. Fbstjhkbj fi > litrms orihti j aj ouihti fi rjfbjkbûh5 Ia prmoisbmhja fini kmamkjrsi pmr am lihms j > litrms fi fbstjhkbj, pirm ih sihtbfm kmhtrjrbm j aj fbrikkbûh fia rjym m ih êhcuam fi 27µ

9. Vmlj fi aj rjfbmcrjoìj5 Kmamkjr uh rmaam m tûruaj fi jacmfûh pmr fiajhti fi aj piaìkuaj ih su tirkbm bhoirbmr, fi lmfm qui kujhfm si pmsbkbmhi aj piaìkuaj ih aj nmkj fia pjkbihti, aj tmruhfj fi jacmfûh quifi jfmsjfj j aj kjrj pjajtbhj fi ajs kmrmhjs lmajris supirbmris, quifjhfm jlnjs jobrljfjs pmr ia jpmym fia fifm puacjr fia pjkbihti. Istj pmsbkbûh fi aj piaìkuaj kmh ia rmaam fi jacmfûh fiajhti fi iaaj djki qui ia pajhm lifbm fi aj piaìkuaj quifi pjrjaiam ja pajhm WÊCBHJ 9

 

lifbm fia lmajr, pirlbtbihfm, pmr am tjhtm, fbslbhubr aj jhcuajkbûh fia rjym kihtrja y jsì iablbhjr aj _ fia ljajr.

WÊCBHJ ?

 

VÂKHBKJ FI KAJ^@  Wmfilms ojkbabtjr ia jhêabsbs rjfbmcrêobkm fi aj tâkhbkj fi fisabzjlbihtm ljrkjhfm  privbjlihti aj piaìkuaj piaìkuaj ih aj qui hms hms fisabzjlms0 fisabzjlms0 isti sbstilj ojkbabtj ojkbabtj aj kmlprihsbûh i bhtirpritjkbûh fi aj tâkhbkj, smnri tmfm j ams kaìhbkms, qui pmr hm sir rjfbûamcms tbihih jacõh crjfm fi fbobkuatjf pjrj rikmhmkir aj pajkj ih qui si rijabzû ia fisabzjlbihtm. Jacuhms fi ams sbstiljs pjrj ljrkjr ajs rjfbmcrjoìjs ih ia fisabzjlbihtm smh ams sbcubihtis5 pmhir uhj ljrkj litêabkj kmlm uh kabp ih ia vârtbki fi aj piaìkuaj fmhfi si ioiktujrê ia fisabzjlbihtm, ljrkjhfm aj zmhj djkbj aj qui hms vjlms j istjnbabzjr0 istm ja fiejrê vbsbnai pjrj kujaqubirj qui ixjlbhi aj tâkhbkj fi fisabzjlbihtm. Mtrm lâtmfm qui si puifi ilpaijr is jtrjvisjr kmh uh jaobair ia ixtrilm fi aj piaìkuaj ih qui hms vjlms j fisabzjr. Istj is uhj ljrkj jacm lês sutba, fboìkba fi rikmhmkir pjrj qubih m istâ jfvirtbfm fi iaam (6). ^IOI^IHKBJ[. :. Ihrìq Ihrìquiz uiz Oamris, Oamris, Hjyfj Hjyfj Lbriaaj, Lbriaaj, >7:9. >7:9. ‑Hbvia ‑Hbvia fi kmhmkblbi kmhmkblbihtm htm fi tâkhbkjs tâkhbkjs rjfbmcrêobkjs bhtrjmrjais ih ams istufbjhtis istufbjhtis fia vbb y bx silistri fi aj uhbvirsbfjf kjtûabkj fi sjhtj ljrìj fi jriqubpj >7:9“ PBhtirhit\. Jriqubpj pirõ, uhbvirsbfjf uhbvirsbfjf kjtmabkj fi sjhtj sjhtj ljrìj. PKbtjfm ia ia >? fi Euabm fia >7>>\. >7>>\. Fbspmhbnai ih5 dttps5//kmri.jk.u` dttps5//kmri.jk.u`/fmwhamjf/pfo/:24: /fmwhamjf/pfo/:24:>94;?.pfo  >94;?.pfo  >. Illy Aitm Aitm ^dmfis ^dmfis >7:4. >7:4. Ai Ljstir. Ljstir. PBhtirhi PBhtirhit\. t\. PKbtjfm PKbtjfm ia >? fi Euabm Euabm fia fia >7>>\. Fbspmhbnai ih5 dttps5//is.skrbnf.k dttps5//is.skrbnf.kml/fmkuliht/;34 ml/fmkuliht/;34>42?;7/Ai-Ljstir  >42?;7/Ai-Ljstir  ;. Yhbvi Yhbvirsbfj rsbfjff Bhfustrbja Bhfustrbja fi [jhtjh [jhtjhfir fir >7:4. >7:4. Wrmtmkmam Wrmtmkmam pjrj pjrj aj tmlj tmlj fi ^jfbmcrjoìjs bhtrjmrjais. PBhtirhit\. YB[JAYF PKbtjfm ia >? fi Euabm fia >7>>\. Fbspmhbnai ih5 WÊCBHJ 3

 

dttps5//www.mfmhtmbhom.kml/wp-kmhtiht/up om.kml/wp-kmhtiht/upamjfs/>7>:/7;/W^M amjfs/>7>:/7;/W^MVMKMAMVMKMAMdttps5//www.mfmhtmbh WJ^J-AJ-VMLJ-FI-^JFBMC^JOBJ[-BHV^JM^JAI[.pfo  6. Ihrìq Ihrìquiz uiz Oamris, Oamris, Hjyfj Hjyfj Lbriaaj, Lbriaaj, >7:9. >7:9. ‑Hbvia ‑Hbvia fi kmhmkblbi kmhmkblbihtm htm fi tâkhbkjs tâkhbkjs rjfbmcrêobkjs bhtrjmrjais ih ams istufbjhtis istufbjhtis fia vbb y bx silistri fi aj uhbvirsbfjf kjtûabkj fi sjhtj ljrìj fi jriqubpj >7:9“ PBhtirhit\. Jriqubpj pirõ, uhbvirsbfjf uhbvirsbfjf kjtmabkj fi sjhtj sjhtj ljrìj. PKbtjfm ia ia >? fi Euabm fia >7>>\. >7>>\. Fbspmhbnai ih5 dttps5//kmri.jk.u` dttps5//kmri.jk.u`/fmwhamjf/pfo/:24: /fmwhamjf/pfo/:24:>94;?.pfo  >94;?.pfo  Nrbmhis, his, H. H. B. (Ba.) (Ba.) & [jafìvjr [jafìvjr ^mfrì ^mfrìcui cuiz, z, F. (Ba.). (Ba.). (>7:2) (>7:2)..  Bljcihmamcìj 9. ^ìms Nrbm (6j. if.)..

Ifbtmrbja Ia Ljhuja Lmfirhm.

dttps5//iabnrm.hit/is/ak/uhbjhfisikujfmr/tbtuams/:;:>?? ?.

WÊCBHJ 4