Lauria-Versace System - Win the Italian Way (3).pdf

by Daniel Neill © 2013

1

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For over 20 years Lorenzo Lauria and Alfredo Versace have been the mainstay of the Italian Blue Team. Their genius bridge skills and partnership understandings understandings are no doubt the reason for their success, but their system must be considered their sharp blade. The system itself does not produce frequent swings swings like Fantoni-Nunes or Bocchi-Madala (good and bad both) – the openings are mainly identical to 2/1 Game Force - but it is simply one of the most finely-oiled machines available. Through precise structure and years of refinement, based on Benito Garozzo’s methods with a dash of borrowed gadgets, it has served to help win countless championships all over t he world. Until now, there has been no extensive write-up of the system, and the system itself goes through infrequent but steady revisions. All the hands from the Bridgebase Online vugraph archive have been combed and used to compile the most accurate descriptio n possible in this text. I made a decision early on to produce a complete system writeup, and not a “starting point” with blank areas to fill in. At the same time, I wanted to include every known known sequence as faithfully as possible. In this way, the reader reader may bid just like the champions would. However, in many cases, because of this ambitious ambitious goal, I have had to invent the meanings of undocumented areas, yet I have tried to adhere to the spirit and style of the system in doing so. For the most part, these are rare anyways so will not be missed, but the 2  response to 1 of a minor I have had to imagine almost completely because recently their old structure was relegated and a new one we have not had much time to see. Readers are welcome to change the the details, but the basic framework remains powerful. To add to the enjoyment, the system is legally pla yable at any level – even in the strict United States (except for a few mid-chart tidbits I believe most directors will u nderstand as not destructive). Players may take advantage of this, whether they use part of the system (for example, the 2 opening) or the whole thing. For those wishing to further accumulate system information, they may watch out for any vugraph with Versace and Lauria, either playing with each other, or with Leonardo Cima or Valerio Giubilo, who also use the system. The system is presented as a chart as the system is not a completely new a nimal, as Fantunes was (a book was written from my notes on that system, it is actually RothStone polished to a shine). The themes are well-known: signing off when slam is impossible, relaying for more information, cue-bidding to discover controls. controls. To explain the whole system in prose would be inefficient, especially when relays are in effect. Let the system do the talking. In the Appendix I have included a sample of hands where the system won the board. I have not included the defensive bidding (overcalls, (overcalls, e.g.) as that is not key to the system. I am sure the reader will find the sys tem exciting, enjoyable, playable, and above all, winning.

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Some common terms and abbreviations many bridge players will know: UNBAL = unbalanced BAL = balanced SPL = splinter shortness, or short = singleton or void SOL = solid suit 3fit = 3 card fit CON = constructive 4M = 4 card major 5m = 5 card minor 4342 = 4 spades, 3 hearts, 4 diamonds, 2 clubs 41(53) = 4 spades, 1 heart, and either 5 diamonds-3 clubs or 3 diamo nds-5 clubs INV = invitational GF = game forcing R = relay for more information ART = artificial F1 = forcing one round NF = non-forcing puppet = forces partner to bid the next step, but says nothing about distribution initially 8-10(-) = 8 to a bad 10 HCP n/l/h = steps in reply to a shortness-ask, none/lower side suit/higher side suit (assuming only two unbid suits) c.o.g. = choice of game (between a major fit shown and 3NT, e.g.)

1 = 2+ cards, dynamic 10 to 21 HCP, including hands with 4 and 4+ 1 = 4+ cards, dynamic 10 to 21 HCP 1/1 = 5+ cards, dynamic 10 to 21 HCP, including 15-19 BAL 1N = 15-17 BAL, no 5M 2 = 22+ BAL, or any GF hand (so many very strong hands open 1 of a suit) 2 = 18-19 BAL, no 5M 2/2 = weak two, always 6 cards 2N = 20-21 BAL, may have a 5M 3/// = normal preempt 3N = Gambling with a SOL 7+minor, nothing on the side

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1M promises 5+ cards, 2 is 3 card Drury in 3 rd seat, natural max hand 4th seat, 2N/3 show mixed/limit 4fits.

use of the “cards double”. If fourth seat A trademark of Italian systems is the frequent use interferes, opener or overcaller may bid with a dynamic minimum hand, cue -bid with a good 4 card support for partner, or double to indicate 16+ HCP, even a distributio nal hand. This cards double does not set up a game force, but it does does allow responder to force to game more accurately, often with a double of her own, or cue -bid of an opponent’s suit. This tactic is especially necessary given given that the range range for opening one of a suit or overcalling overcalling is slightly wider than mainstream. mainstream. The attentive reader reader will note that this implies no support doubles.

Another aspect of most modern Italian systems is the use of a 2 rebid after opening 1 of a major as an artificial artificia l 2-way call, indicating either 11-15 HCP with clubs, or any 16+ HCP hand. Responder can indicate a game force opposite the the 16+ variant with a 2 waiting bid, and everything everything else would show about 5-7 HCP. Over the 2 waiting bid, opener rebids the original opened major with the clubs (over which responder can place the contract or show a stronger hand), hand), and anything else with the 16+ variant. This gadget takes care of the problematic hands that are just under a game forcing rebid, and allows a force at a lower level to exchange more information (compared to a jump shift e.g.).

The Italians introduced the the world to frequent light action. Overcalls, openings, and responses to openings may be light. The theory is that early is the safest time to describe ones hand, which may preempt preempt the opponents or find the best fit. To wait and then bid later would allow the opponents to exchange information, which not only helps them, but inhibits delayed action as the opponents are more likely to do the right thing, including penalize. To handle these potentially light bids, partner will often keep the the bidding low and let partner apply the brakes when needed – this is where the effective bidding structures work their magic.

Italian cue-bidding is perhaps the oldest influence on modern top level bridge. The Blue Team have for a long time cue-bid both first- a nd second-round controls (“mixed cues”). In doing so, not only is sla m interest/cooperation conveyed, but if a suit is bypassed in a sequence, then partner immediately signs off without a control of her own, since the opponents can cash two quick tricks in the suit, setting any sla m.

When a major suit is trumps, 3NT (whether after a cue-bid or not) by either player indicates a negative hand in context. Cue-bidding may continue however, which

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In a cue-bidding auction, 4NT is not RKC, but rather shows an even number of keycards for the agreed trump suit. Bypassing 4NT shows an odd number of keycards. keycards. In this way, cue-bidding is not interrupted, but partner may sign off immediately if there are insufficient keycards. The Queen sometimes is difficult difficult to find. But Kings and Queens tend to resolve themselves in the the cue-bids. When there have been no cues, a jump for instance, 4NT is RKC 1430. 1430. The reader may choose not to play this aspect aspect of the system, as it is independent, and not well-documented.

1 = natural, up the line, never bypass (but this is not a canapé system, bid a lo nger major first) 1 = natural, 11-19 1 = natural, not 4th suit forcing – responder may have 4+4 1N = natural, denies 4 spades, NF 2 = ART 16-19 UNBAL 2/2 = signoff attempts 2 = ART GF 2 = puppet to 2 - a common theme in L-V 2 = forced Pass = wanted to sign off in diamonds, 4-7 HCP 2 = 8-10(-) raise 2 = 4th suit, invite or better 2N = to play 3 3+ = GF with 5+, shapely 2= natural, 8-9 HCP about 2 = courtesy raise, 5-7 HCP 2 = ART GF  4fit, asks for shortness (n/l/h) 2N/3/3/3 = natural INV 3 = any SPL raise with a sing. (R asks l/h) 3N/4 = void SPL raise in / 4 = weak, distributional 1 = natural, 11-19, denies 4 1N = natural, NF 2 = ART 16-19 UNBAL (now 2/2 are signoff attempts, 2 ART GF) 2 = puppet to 2 2 = forced Pass = wanted to play 2, 4-7 HCP 2 = 4th suit, invite or better 2 = 8-10(-) raise 2N = to play 3 3+ = GF with 5+, shapely

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2 = courtesy raise, 5-7 HCP 2N/3/3/3 = invite 3N = any SPL raise with a sing (R asks l/h) 4/4 = void SPL raise 4 = weak distributional 1N = 12-14 BAL, denies a 4 card major or 4 diamonds, shows 4/5  2 = puppet to 2 2= forced Pass = wanted to play 2 2M = weakness in the other major, invite or better 2N = to play 3 3+ = GF with 5+, shapely 2 = mild invite, raiseable 2M = semi-natural, GF, 5+  2N/3/3 = invite 2 = 6+, limited (2 = to play, 2M = seminat GF, 2N/3 = invite) 2 = 4fit, no 4M 2/ = GF natural, initially just looking for 3NT 2N = R 3 = min UNBAL 3 = min BAL 3/ = max UNBAL, short in this suit 3N = max BAL 2 = GF, natural or  1-suiter – a “false reverse” 2 = waiting 2N =  reverse with  stopper 3 =  1-suiter 3 =  reverse, 3 diamonds 3 = 6-4 3 =  reverse, no better call 3+ = natural, shapely 2 = natural GF reverse 2N = 16-18  1-suiter (3 = to play, else = GF) 3 = 13-15, long great clubs, lots of tricks, NF 3 = 14-15 4fit UNBAL raise (3M = stopper, needs help in other major, or maybe a cue) 3M = 16-18 SPL 4fit 3N = long running clubs, some side stoppers, not overwhelmingly strong 1 = natural, style is to bid up the line so will not have 4-4+ 1 = natural, 11-19 1N = to play 2 = ART 16-19 UNBAL (2 /2 = signoff attempts, 2 = ART GF) 2 = checkback 2 = no 3fit 2 = invite, generally just 5 cards, aggressive 2 = GF, agrees  2N = GF, waiting

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3+ = GF 2 = 3fit, minimum 2 = GF, agrees  2N = GF, waiting, may have slam interest in  3m = nat GF 3 = good invite 2 = 3fit, max, GF (3  = sets , else natural) 2 = invit or better NT bid without a sto pper in  (like 4th suit without fit) 2 = 9-10 HCP (because a 1 -2 response shows 4-8 HCP), NF 2 = 6-10(-) HCP 2N/3/3/3/3 = invite 3N = any SPL with a sing. (R asks l/h) 4/4 = void SPL raise 4 = weak distributional 1N = 12-14 BAL, denies 4 , shows 4/5 2 = checkback, or signoff in  2 = no 3fit 2 = invite, generally just 5 cards, aggressive 2 = nat GF 2N = puppet to 3, to play or show a 5-4m GF 3 = forced Pass = wanted to play 3 3 = 5-4 GF 3 = 5-4 GF 3m = 5-5m GF 3 = sets , slamtry 2 = 3fit, minimum 2 = sets , GF 3 = good invite 3N = c.o.g. 5(332) else = nat GF without 5+ 2 = 3fit, maximum, GF 3 = to play! 3 = sets  as trumps

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2N/3/3 = invite 2 = natural reverse, or GF with 6+ 1-suiter – a “false reverse” 2 = GF R 2N = 5-4 with  stopper no  fit, 16-19 3 = 6+ 1-suiter GF 3 = 6-4 3 =  reverse with no better call 3N = 5-4 with  stopper no  fit, 20-22 else = 4-7 natural NF 2 = 4 (occasionally 3) card support 2N = R 3 = 3fit BAL min (NF) 3 = 3fit UNBAL 3 = 4fit minimum 3N = 3fit BAL max 3/4 = 4fit splinter 4 = 4fit max balanced 2 = 16+ UNBAL 3+fit for , ART 2N = R 3 = 6+-3, 16-18, NF 3 = sets , GF 3/3 = seminatural, interest in NT or  4 = sets , GF 3 = 6+-3 19+, GF 3 = sets  3 = looking for 3N 4 = sets  3 = BAL 16+ 5-4 raise, sets  3/4 = 19+ SPL 2N/3/3 = signoff attempts, very weak 2N = 16-18 6+  1-suiter without 3fit for  3 = 13-15 6+ great clubs, lots of tricks NF 3 = 6-5 strong 3 = 14-15 UNBAL 4fit raise, or 2425 (R asks n/l/h SPL) 3/4 = 16-18 SPL 3N = long running clubs, some side stops, not overwhelmingly strong 4 = 6-5 minimum 1 = natural, will not have 4 -4+ since up the line 1N = 12-14, BAL or 1345 2 = checkback, or signoff in 

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3 = 5-4 GF 3 = 5-4 GF 3/3/3 = 5-5 GF 3 = sets  as trumps (now cuebidding) 2 = 3fit for , max, GF 2 = sets  3 = to play! 3N = 5(332) c.o.g. else = GF natural, denies  fit 2 = 3fit for , min 3 = sets , slammish 3 = solid invite 3N = 5(332) c.o.g. else = GF natural, denies  fit 2 = 5+-4+, to play 2 = 5+-4+ 2-5 HCP (with a bit more, use an original 2 response) 2 = 6+, 9-10 HCP 2N = invite 3 = invite, just 4  3 = 5-5 invite 3 = invite 2 = 5+, may have a 4 card red suit 2 = ART GF 2 = nat GF 2 = 6+ 9-10 HCP, NF 2N/3/3 = invite 2 = reverse in  or , or 1444 reverse, or GF with 6+  1-suiter, denies 3+ - a “false reverse 2 = ART 8+ HCP any hand, GF 2 = 5-4 2N = 5-4 3 = 6+ 19+ 3 = 6-4 3 = 6-4 3 = 1444 16-17 3N = 1444 18+ 2+ = natural 4-7 HCP, NF opposite a minimum reverse 2 = UNBAL 3+  fit, 16+ HCP

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3 = UNBAL 3fit min 3 = min 4fit 3N = BAL max 3fit 4 = max 4fit 4/4 = SPL with 4fit 2N = 16-18 6+  1-suiter, denies 3  3 = 13-15, 6+ great clubs, lots of tricks, NF 3/ = 6-5, good hand 3 = 14-15 UNBAL 4fit or 4225 (R asks n/l/h short) 3N = based on long running clubs and some side stoppers, not overwhelmingly strong 4/ = 16-18 SPL for spades 4 = 6-5 minimum 1N = natural, promises 4-5 clubs 2 = 5+, to play (rarely 4) 2 = natural reverse, or GF 6+  1-suiter 2 = ART 8+ HCP, GF, waiting else = 6-7 NF opposite minimum reverse 2 = natural reverse 2N = 16-18 6+  3 = 13-15, 6+ great clubs, lots of tricks, NF 2 = GF BAL or natural, may have a 4 card major *** this section is a new (2013) change for L-V, and therefore this section is the author’s creation – feel free to develop your own structure *** 2 = 11-14, 1-suiter (not 12-14 BAL), or 2-suited with a major, not 3-suited 2 = R see 2+ immediate rebids below, but the range is 11-14 HCP 2 = BAL 12-14, 12-14, or 3-suiters, or both minors 2 = R 2N = 11-14 3 = Baron, no serious  interest (bid suits up the line) 3 =  slam interest (3M = natural without 5, 4 = 5) 3 = natural 5+-4 3 = natural 5+-4 3 = 5+-415+ HCP, not 3-suited 3 = R with no  fit

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3 = 4045 3N = 0445 15-17 4 = 0445 18+ 3 = 15+ HCP, 4414/4405 (3  asks: 3N = 4414, 4 = 4405) 3 = 15+ 4144 3N = 15-17 1444 4 = 18+ 1444 2 = 15+ UNBAL with 4 , not 3-suited 2N = R without  fit 3 = 5-4 3 = R 3/ = l/h short 3N = 4225 15-17 4 = 4225 18+ 3 = asks  stopper 3 = 6+-4 (R asks low short, high s hort 15-17, high short 18+) 3 = 6-5 (3 = sets , 4+ = sets ) 3 = R with  fit (same steps as above but +1) 2N = 15+, 6+  1-suiter 3 = R 3// = l/m/h short 3N = no short, 15-17 4 = no short, 18+ 3 = 15+, 5 -4, not 3-suited 3 = R no  fit 3/ = l/h short 3N = 2425 15-17 4 = 2425 18+ 3 = R with  fit (steps as above but +1) 3 = asks  stopper for 3N 3 = 15+, 6+ -4 3 = R no  fit for l/h short 3 = R with  fit for l/h short 3 = 15+, 6 -5 (3 = sets , 4 = sets ) 2 = Multi – 6crd major, 4-8 HCP 2 = pass/correct (may have interest in ) 2 = pass/correct (may have interest in ) – 2N = max with , 3 = min with  2N = INV+ R

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3/3 = 5-4 min/max (3/4M = to play, 4 = slamtry , 4 = slamtry ) 3/3 = 5-5 min/max (4M = to play, 4  = slamtry , 4 = slamtry ) 3N = 6-4 (4 = slamtry , 4 = slamtry , 4M = to play) 3M = serious invite 2 = INV+  raise, or GF with both minors 2N/3 = to play opposite t he invite  hand Pass/3 = to play 3 = 6-4 GF 3M = shortness, GF 3 = 4 diamonds, accepts  invite 3M = stopper, accepts  invite 2N = nat, invite 3 = preempt 3/3/3 = 7 cards, preempt

(X) XX = any 10+ HCP 1 of a suit = NF  jumpshift = 5+ cards, 4 clubs, weak fit-showing jump, NF (1) X = 5+  1 = 5+ 1 = 4 (there is no way to show exactly 4) 1N = nat, occasionally has 4 (later double for takeout if needed) 2 = F1, 5+ 

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3 = preempt (2-bids) 2-level = natural, F1 3 = to play 3-level = natural, GF except, 3 and 3 are swapped after a 2  overcall ( = ,  = ) (Michaels cue-bid [majors]) X = cards, penalty interest for one suit 2 = invit+ with 5+  2 = invit+ with 5+  2N = invite, no serious penalty interest 3 = to play diamonds = constructive but NF

1 = natural 1 = natural, wide-range, near-forcing 1N = to play 2 = ART 16-19 UNBAL (with 4144 open 1) 2/2 = weak signoff attempts 2 = ART GF, natural continuations 2 = checkback

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2N = invite 3 = 5-5 invite 3 = 5-4+ invite 3 = invite 3 = invite, may be aggressive 3N = any SPL with a sing (R asks l/h) 4/4 = void SPL 4 = weak distributional 1N = 12-14 BAL, denies 4  2 = checkback 2 = no 3fit  2 = mild invite 5+  (usually 5) 2 = 5-4m GF (2N asks for m) 2N = GF waiting 3/3 = 5-5 GF 3 = 6+ slammish 2 = 3fit , minimum 2 = ART sets , GF 2N = ART no  interest, GF 2 = 3fit , maximum 2N = ART no  interest, GF 3 = ART sets , GF 2 = to play 2 = 9-10 6+  2 = natural GF reverse 2N = invite 3/3 = 5-5 invite 3 = invite 2 = 5+-4+, wide-range, near-forcing Pass = super-weak

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2 = ART GF 2N/3/3 = invite 3 = natural GF 2 = 4fit (occ. 3) 2N = R 3 = 3fit BAL min (now 3 = to play) 3 = 3fit UNBAL 3 = 4fit min 3N = 3fit BAL max 3/4 = SPL 4fit 4 = 4fit BAL max 2 = 6+ 16+ (if just 16-18, then has 3), or big 4fit raise – a “false reverse” 2N = 8+ HCP R, GF 3 = 6+-3 16-18 (3 =  fit, 3 = sets ) 3 = 6+ 19+, denies 3 3 = 4fit 17+ (R asks n/l/h short – if SPL then 19+) 3 = 6+ 19+, with 3  else = signoff attempt, 4-7 HCP 2N = 16-18 long  1-suiter, denies 3 (3 = ART GF, 3 = to play, else = GF) 3 = natural GF jump shift 3 = 13-15 long great , lots of tricks 3 = 14-15 UNBAL 4fit raise or 2452 (R asks n/l/h short) 3/4 = 16-18 SPL 4fit raise 3N = based on long running diamonds, some side stops, not overwhelmingly strong 4 = 6-5 minimum 1 = natural 1N = 12-14 BAL

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Pass = super-weak 2 = 7-10 HCP, 2+ 2 = ART GF (2  = catchall no  stop, 2N =  stop, 3m = natural extras) 2 = 9-10 6+  2N/3/3 = invite 3 = courtesy raise 2 = 6+ (or 5-4) 2 = ART GF 2 = 9-10 6+  2N/3/3 = invite 3 = natural GF 2 = natural reverse, or GF  1-suiter, or 6+-3 16+, or big 4fit raise  – a “false reverse” 2N = 8+ HCP, GF R 3 = 3 spades (3 =  fit, 3 = sets , 3 = punt) 3 = 6+ 19+, denies 3 3 = natural reverse, denies 3 or  stop 3 = natural huge 4fit (3N asks n /l/h short, if SPL then 19+) 3N =  reverse with  stopper else = very weak, signoff attempt opposite 6+-3 2 = natural 4fit (occ. 3) 2N = R 3 = BAL min 3fit (3 /3 = to play) 3 = 3fit min UNBAL 3 = 3fit max UNBAL 3 = 4fit min 3N = BAL max 3fit 4/4 = 4fit SPL 4 = 4fit BAL max

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2 = 11-14, UNBAL 1-suiter or with a major, not 3-suited 2 = R 2+ = as an immediate 2 + below, but weaker 2 = BAL 12-14, or 3-suiter short , or both minors 2 = R 2N = 11-14 3 = Baron, asks to bid suits up the line (3 = 5 diamonds) 3 = natural 5+-4 3M = natural, just 4 3N = no M, just 4  4 = 5+ 3 = natural 5+-4 3 = natural 5+-4 3 = 15+ 5+ -4+, not 3-suited 3 = R no  fit (3/ = l/h short, 3N/4 = 2254 15-17/18+ 3 = R with  fit (as above, but +1) *** 3-suiters below use 4/4/RKC (see Appendix) *** 3 = 15+ 3-suiter with 5 -4 3 = R 3 = 4054

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3 = R without  fit (l/h short) 3 = R setting  (l/h short) 3 = 15+, 6+-5 (3 = sets , 4+ = sets ) 2 = Multi – 6crd major, 4-8 HCP same rebids as over 1-2 2 = Reverse Flannery  – 5+-4+ 5-9 HCP (with less or more HCP, respond 1  instead) same rebids as over 1-2 2 = ART GF  raise, may have a 4M 2N = BAL with just 4/5 (3M = natural) 3 = UNBAL (3 asks l/m/h short, 3M = natural) 3 = 6+ BAL 3M = 6-5M (bid other major to set M, bid a minor to set ) 2N = invite 3 = ART invite  raise (3M = stopper) 3 = preempt 3M = preempt, 7 cards

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3 = constructive NF 3 = to play

1 = natural 1N = 12-14 BAL 2 = checkback 2 = no 3fit  2 = invite with 5 -2 2 = mild invite with 5+  (usually 5) 2N = ART GF 3/3 = 5-5 GF 3 = GF natural 3 = slammish, sets  as trumps 2 = 3fit , max

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n/l/m/h short) 3 = 2533 18-19 3N = 2533 16-17 3 = 4 spades, 16+ 3 = 3-5-4m 16-18 (3 asks l/h minor) 3 = 3-5+ 1-suiter 16-18 3 = denies  fit, asks  length 3N = 5 4 = 6 sets  4m = cue for  3 = 5-4, less than 3, 16-18 3N = 5-4, less than 3 , 16-18 2 = 5-7, doubleton  2 = 5-7, 6 (5)  2N = 5-7, 3-suiter short  (3 = to play) 3m = 5-7, 4 -6m 2/2 = natural, 11-15 2 = 4fit 2N = ART 6+ -4m GF, may be light 3 = R (3/ = / 15-17 lots of tricks, 3 /N = / 18+) 3/3 = 5-5 GF, may be light 3 = 13-15 UNBAL raise or 4522 (R asks n/l/h short)

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3 = 3-5-4m 16-18 (3 asks l/h minor) 3 = 3-5+ 1-suiter 16-18 3 = asks  length 3N = 5 cue = 6+, sets  3 = 5-4, less than 3, 16-18 3N = 5-4, less than 3 , 16-18 2 = 5-7, doubleton  2 = 5-7, 5-5 minors 3m = 5-7, long minor, NF 2/2 = 11-15 natural NF 2 = GF reverse, 18+ 2N = 6+-4m GF, may be light 3 = R (3/ = / 15-17 lots of tricks, 3 /N = / 18+) 3/3 = 5-5 GF, may be light 3 = 6-5 good hand 3N = based on long running , some side stoppers 4 = lots of tricks, not too strong 2 = ART GF, natural or balanced 2 = natural, denies 4  2 = R with  fit 2 = 11-14

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3 asks l/h short 3 = 6+-4 3 asks l/h short 3N = 4522 3 = 15+ 5 -4 UNBAL (3 asks l/h short) 3 = 15+ 6+ -4 (3 asks l/h short) 3 = 15+ 4522 2N = R without  fit, may have  fit 3 = 3+ 3 = R without  fit 3 = 4504 (  assumed trumps)

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3 = 5-5 min, honors not in short suits (4 sets , 4 sets , 4 to play) 3N = 5-5 min, honors in short suits (as above) 2 = 5+ GF 2 = 4 spades, any strength 2 = R without  fit 2N = 11-14 3 = R 3 = 5-4 UNBAL 3 asks l/h short 3 = 6+-4 3 = sets

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3 = 1534 (4m = sets m) 3N = 5-4+ no  fit 4 = 5-5 great hand, no  fit 3 = sets , asks l/h/n short 3 = 15+ 4+ 3 = R for  length (3 = 6+, 3N = 5 ) 3 = stall 4+ = cue for  3 = great long suit (3N = to pla y, else = cue for ) 3 = 5-5 min, not much in short suits (4 sets , 4 sets , 4 to play, 4 sets ) 3N = 5-5 min, honors in short suits (as above)

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(1N) 2m = 5-5m (2) 2 = 5+ 10+ 2 = wide-range 2 = 5+ GF unless suit rebid 2N = 3fit invit+ 3 = 4fit, invit to game or slam 3 = mixed raise 3 = weak 3/4m = void SPL 3N = 4fit, game only

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1N = nonforcing 2 = Gazzilli or 15-17 NT 2 = 8+ HCP relay, GF opposite strong variants 2 = - 11-15 *** This modification to Gazzilli allows symmetry with 1 opening

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3/3 = 5-5 GF, may be light 3 = 13-15, long great suit, lots of tricks, invite 3N = based on long running , some side stops, not overwhelmingly strong 4 = lots of tricks, not too strong

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3M = natural 5+ -4M 2 = 5332 12-14, 5 -4 min, or 6+  1-suiter, denies 4 2N = R 3 = 5-4 min (3 asks l/h/n short)

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4 = 18+ 5404 2N = R no  fit 3 = 3+ 3 = R

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3N = 5-5 min, honors in short suits (as above) 2 = 5+ GF 2 = waiting, no  fit or 5-5

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3 = preempt 3N = 4fit game only 4// = void SPL

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