Las Misiones - Andy Johnson

 

KID@DNMHIB DLJK^DM^ ^MHM^

JM^

FD^DBHK^ NÞFBJM DLJK^DM JBNMJ ^K NBHPDKQYK KH JM DLJK^DM F[HIDM J

 

MHIT GBCH^BH _rþjblb pbr Imvdi _jmtt

 

«Kstby mlrmikndib m Gbchsbh pbr jbs nbhskgbs smadbs, skhsdajks y príntdnbs quk b`rknk m jms dljksdms jbnmjks quk kstíh nbfprbfktdims nbh nbhvkrtdrsk kh dljksdms fuhidmjks. T muhquk kstí ksnrdtb pbr uh kstmibuhdikhsk, kstk jdarb hb kstí jdfdtmib hd sbndmj hd mhtrbpbjþldnmfkhtk. Jbs tkfms quk mquæ sk kxmfdhmh pukikh skr mpjdnmibs m numjqudkr dljksdm jbnmj smhm kh numjqudkr julmr ikj fuhib. Kh btrms pmjmarms, Jms fdsdbhks ks nbfpjktmfkhtk aæajdnb y, pbr kstm rmzþh, mqukjjbs quk nbfb yb fdhdstrmh kh nujturms id`krkhtks m jms suyms, khnbhtrmríh sus jknndbhks fuy prbvkncbsms. Jb rknbfdkhib ik tbib nbrmzþh, nbh jm brmndþh ik quk Idbs pkrfdtm quk jb jkm uh lrmh h÷fkrb ik pkrsbhms pmrm quk su ljbrdm skm fbstrmim fuhidmjfkhtkµ.

Ibul Pmh Fktkr, pmstbr y fmkstrb ik Armnekhcurst Amptdst Ncurnc, Gbcmhhksaurlb, ^uií`rdnm «Fk khnmhtm kstk jdarb. Fk khnmhtm jm fmhkrm kh jm quk kfpdkzm y tkrfdhm nbh jm ljbrdm ik Idbs fbstrmim kh kj kvmhlkjdb. Fk khnmhtm jm `brfm kh jm quk cmnk rkspbhsmajks m jms dljksdms jbnmjks tmhtb ik khvdmr fdsdbhkrbs nbfb ik prkbnupmrsk pbr jm fdsdbhks. Fk khnmhtm quk kstk jdarb kstä amsmib kh prdhndpdbs aæajdnbs y quk mj fdsfb tdkfpb skm nbfpjktmfkhtk príntdnb. Mquæ tdkhks tbibs jbs dhlrkidkhtks hknksmrdbs pmrm trmhs`brfmr jm `brfm kh jm quk tu nbhlrklmndþh sk dhvbjunrm kh jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjks. Jm fdsdþh fuhidmj hb ks sbjb hukstrm rkspbhsmadjdimi, tmfadäh ks jm tuymµ.

Ydf Nckstkr , pmstbr ik Lrmnk Ncurnc, Abrbulcardilk, Qkdhb [hdib5 fdkfarb ik jm `mnujtmi ik Nrbssjmhis5 y mutbr ik Lbbi Hkws tb tck _bbr mhi  Fdssdbh Fmttkrs

«Gbchsbh jk cm khtrklmib uh rklmjb m jms dljksdms jbnmjks kh `brfm ik luæm príntdnm pmrm prkpmrmr, khvdmr y mpbymr knbhþfdnmfkhtk dhdndmtdvms fdsdbhkrms kh sus nbhlrklmndbhks. ¡Kstk jdarb ikakræm skr jkæib pbr tbibs jbs nrkykhtks!µ.

Qbaay Lmjjmty, pmstbr prdhndpmj ik Jbhl Cbjjbw Amptdst Ncurnc, Ckhikrsbhvdjjk, Ykhhksskk «_bsdajkfkhtk krks nbhsndkhtk ik nuíh id`ændj ks dhvbjunrmrsk kh jms fdsdbhks kh kstm sbndkimi nrkndkhtkfkhtk pbsnrdstdmhm. ²Nþfb pbikfbs imr hukstrb

 

tdkfpb, khkrlæm, mtkhndþh, idhkrb y pkrsbhms m jm fdsdþh fuhidmj numhib jms hknksdimiks sbh tmhtms y mufkhtmh nmim iæm fís kh jms írkms ibhik fdhdstrmfbs2 ^d sdkhtks quk tbib tu tdkfpb ks nbhsufdib pbr jms hknksdimiks ik tu jbnmjdimi, kstk pkqukýb jdarb ks kxmntmfkhtk jb quk hknksdtms pmrm `dgmr tu mtkhndþh kh jm barm y jm ljbrdm dhtkrhmndbhmj ik Idbs, mardr tus bgbs m jm barm fdsdbhkrm fuhidmj khMjmjbquk fdhdstrmfbs khsmhncmr tu nbrmzþh pmrmhknksdtm quk sk pmrkznm fís mj suyb. fkgbr, jb quk tuybnupmim y nmhsmim dljksdm ks gustmfkhtk uhm vdsdþh y pmsdþh rkhbvmim pbr jb quk Idbs kstí cmndkhib mjrkikibr ikj fuhib y hb sbjb kh tu írkm lkblrí`dnm. ]uk nujtdvks uh nbrmzþh pmrm jm ljbrdm fuhidmj ik Idbs y quk khvæks m tus fkgbrks pkrsbhms y rknursbs pmrm kstm nmusm hb pkrguidnmrí tu fdhdstkrdb jbnmj, sdhb quk jb cmrí fís pbikrbsb y k`kntdvbµ.

Imvdi Fmtcds , idrkntbr kgknutdvb ik iksdrdhlLbi.brl5 pmstbr ik Ndtdks Ncurnc, Fdhhkmpbjds, Fdhhksbtm5 y mutbr ik  Cmadts b` Lrmnk7 Khgbydhl Gksus tcrbulc tck ^pdrdtumj Idsndpjdhks

«Mhiy Gbchsbh hbs cm imib uh sþjdib fbikjb ibntrdhmj quk mj fdsfb tdkfpb ks mjtmfkhtk príntdnb pmrm ludmr m jm dljksdm jbnmj m nbhvkrtdrsk kh jm dljksdm fuhidmj ikj sdljb SSD. Ks fd brmndþh quk kstk jdarb jjkluk m ndrnujmr mfpjdmfkhtk khtrk pmstbrks y jæikrks jmdnbsµ.

Mj Gmnesbh, pmstbr ik Jmekvdkw Amptdst Ncurnc, Muaurh, Mjmamfm «Nbfb pmstbr, hb pukib kstmr fís mlrmikndib pbr kstk jdarb ik Mhiy Gbchsbh. Muhquk jbs jdarbs mnkrnm ik jms fdsdbhks mauhimh, kstk jjkhm kj vmnæb sdkhtk dljksdm jbnmj quk kstä ausnmhib idsnkrhdr nuíj ks jm fkgbr quk fmhkrm iknumjqudkr dhvbjunrmrsk kh jjkvmr kj kvmhlkjdb m jms hmndbhks. Hb sbjb kstmajknk jms amsks y jm kstrunturm hknksmrdm pmrm jms fdsdbhks, sdhb quk tmfadäh rkspbhik m jms prkluhtms príntdnms quk surlkh ik fmhkrm dhkvdtmajk. Kstm barm ks iksm`dmhtk y ÷tdj m jm vkz, kspkndmjfkhtk pmrm jbs jæikrks ik jm dljksdm jbnmj. Ks kj jdarb quk ck kstmib ausnmhib iksik quk kfpknä fd fdhdstkrdb pmstbrmj. Jb pbhirä m idspbsdndþh ik tbibs jbs fdkfarbs ik fd dljksdm y jks mhdfmrä m jkkrjbµ.

G. Gbsc ^fdtc, pmstbr prdhndpmj ik FmnMrtcur Ajvi. Amptdst Ncurnc, Drvdhl, Ykxms

 

«Gbchsbh ks uh pmstbr ik fdsdbhks nbh lrmh kxpkrdkhndm quk hbs b`rknk uhm luæm iktmjjmim y príntdnm pmrm myuimr m jms dljksdms m rkkstrunturmr sus kstrmtkldms fdsdbhkrms y cmnkrjms fís aæajdnms y `dkjks. ^u äh`msds kh kj pmpkj ik jm dljksdm jbnmj ks kspkndmjfkhtk vmjdbsb pbrquk kstk hb sk sukjk nbhsdikrmr dfpbrtmhtk kh jbs nærnujbs fdsdbhkrbs mntumjks. ¡Hb pukib kspkrmr pmrm khtrklmr uhm nbpdm ik kstk jdarb m tbibs hukstrbs jæikrks y fdsdbhkrbs!µ. Gbch @bjfmr, pmstbr prdhndpmj ik [hdtki Ncrdstdmh Ncurnc b` Iuamd «M jm dljksdm sk jk cm khnbfkhimib jm fdsdþh ik cmnkr idsnæpujbs m tbims jms hmndbhks. _krb jm dljksdm jbnmj ks kfpugmim ikfmsdmib m fkhuib kh idstdhtms idrknndbhks sdh uhm vdsdþh njmrm quk jm luæk kh sus prbykntbs fdsdbhkrbs. Nbfb pmstbr, kstby mlrmikndib pbr kj jdarb ik Mhiy Gbchsbh pbrquk myuimrí m jbs jæikrks ik jm dljksdm m iksmrrbjjmr uh pjmh njmrb y vmjdkhtk pmrm sus bagktdvbs fdsdbhkrbs kh vkz ikj tæpdnb pjmh mfadlub y nbhskrvmibr. Qknbfdkhib khnmrkndimfkhtk kstk jdarb m tbibs jbs jæikrks ik dljksdm quk ikskkh uh pjmh sþjdimfkhtk kjmabrmib pmrm mjnmhzmr m jms hmndbhks nbh kj kvmhlkjdbµ.

M`scdh Wdm`mt, pmstbr prdhndpmj ik _rbvdikhnk Ncurnc, @rdsnb, Ykxms «Mhiy Gbchsbh m`drfm kh kj jdarb  Jms fdsdbhks quk jm dljksdm ljbrd`dnm m Idbs hb sbjb trmamgmhib pmrm rkuhdr m vkrimikrbs mibrmibrks ik tbims jms hmndbhks, sdhb tmfadäh utdjdzmhib jbs fkidbs quk Idbs cm dhidnmib kh jm Ksnrdturm pmrm nufpjdr nbh ksbs `dhks. Ikadib mj kxtkhsb ikamtk quk kxdstk mnkrnm ik jm hmturmjkzm ik jms fdsdbhks, nþfb dhvbjunrmrhbs kh kjjms y qudäh ks uh fdsdbhkrb, Gbchsbh uhmkh lrmh pmrtk ikj jdarb pmrm myuimrhbs m khnbhtrmr rkspukstms quk kstíhutdjdzm `uhimims fmhimfdkhtbs aæajdnbs, y kh kgkfpjbs y prdhndpdbs ksnrdturmjks. ^d ikskms dhvbjunrmrtk kh jms fdsdbhks ik `brfm quk sbjb Idbs rkndam jm ljbrdm, jkk kstk jdarb y nbfpírtkjb nbh btrbs quk mfmh m Idbs y mfmh vkr m jbs dhnräiujbs nbhvkrtdrsk kh skludibrks ik Gksunrdstbµ.

Gumh Q. ^íhnckz, pmstbr prdhndpmj ik Cdlc _bdhtk Amptdst Ncurnc, Mustdh, Ykxms5 y mutbr ik = _kirb pmrm Yd KID@DNMHIB DLJK^DM^ ^MHM^  Jms fdsdbhks7 Nþfb jm KIDYMIB _BQ FMQE IKPKQ T GBHMYCMH JKKFMH Jms dljksdm jbnmj sk nbhvdkrtk kh jm dljksdm fuhidmj , Mhiy Gbchsbh (1?=3)  Idsndpujmr7 Nþfb myuimr m btrbs

 

m skludr m Gks÷s, Fmre Ikvkr (1?=0)  Kj kvmhlkjdb7 Nþfb jm dljksdm rk`jkgm jm ckrfbsurm ik Nrdstb, Qmy Brtjuhi

(1?=0)  Jbs mhndmhbs ik jm dljksdm7 Nþfb pmstbrkmr mj pukajb ik Idbs nbfb Gks÷s, Gkrmfdk Qdhhk (1?=;) Jm kvmhlkjdzmndþh7 Nþfb tbim jm dljksdm cmajm ik Gks÷s , G. Fmne ^tdjks (1?=;)Nþfb prbnjmfmr jm _mjmarm ik Idbs cby, Imvdi  Jm prkidnmndþh kxpbsdtdvm7 Q. Ckjf (1?=9) Jm smhm ibntrdhm7 Nþfb nrknk uhm dljksdm kh kj mfbr y kh jm smhtdimi ik Idbs, Abaay Gmfdksbh (1?=9) Jm idsndpjdhm kh jm dljksdm7 Nþfb rbtklk jm dljksdm kj hbfark ik Gks÷s , Gbhmtcmh Jkkfmh (1?=>) Jm fkfarksæm ik jm dljksdm7 Nþfb smak kj fuhib qudäh rkprkskhtm m Gks÷s ,

Gbhmtcmh Jkkfmh (1?=>)  Jm dljksdm kh julmrks id`ændjks7 Nþfb jm dljksdm BYQB^ JDAQB^ IK 4FMQE^ Jm jbnmj trmk vdim m jbs pbarks y jbs hknksdtmibs , Fkz FnNbhhkjj y Fdek FnEdhjky (1?=) ²]uä ks kj kvmhlkjdb2, Lrkl Ldjakrt (1?=1)

JM^ FD^DBHK^ NÞFBJM DLJK^DM JBNMJ ^K NBHPDKQYK KH JM DLJK^DM F[HIDM J

 

MHIT GBCH^BH MHIT GBCH^BH

 

 Jms fdsdbhks7 fdsdbhks7 Nþfb jm dljksdm dljksdm jbnmj sk nbhvdkrtk nbhvdkrtk kh jm dljksdm fuhidmj Nbpyrdlct © 1?=< ik 4Fmres

pmrm jm vkrsdþh kh kspmýbj _uajdnmib kh Kspmým pbr Kidtbrdmj _krklrdhb, ^J Jm Mjfmzmrm, =4, =>>;? Fbrmj ik Nmjmtrmvm (Nduimi Qkmj), Kspmým www.kidtbrdmjpkrklrdhb www.kidtbrdmjpkrklrdhb.nbf .nbf dh`bOkidtbrdmjpkrklrdhb.nbf _uajdnmib pbr prdfkrm vkz kh dhljäs kh 1?=< pbr Nrbsswmy, uh fdhdstkrdb kidtbrdmj ik Lbbi Hkws Cbw tck Jbnmj _uajdsckrs, =>?? Nrksnkht ^trkkt, \ckmtbh, Djjdhbds 0?=3, =;). ²Khtdkhiks pbrquä m`drfmfbs quk ks rkspbhsmadjdimi tuym2 Ymhtb sd krks fdkfarb ik jm dljksdm b jæikr ik kjjm, jbs jdarbs ik jm skrdk «Kid`dnmhib Dljksdms ^mhmsµ prktkhikh myuimrtk m smtds`mnkr kstbs fmhimfdkhtbs aæajdnbs pmrm quk msæ nbjmabrks kh jm kid`dnmndþh ik uhm dljksdm smhm. Idncb ik btrm fmhkrm, ikskmfbs quk kstbs jdarbs tk myuikh m mfmr fís m tu dljksdm, tmj y nbfb Gks÷s jm mfm. 4Fmres pjmhkm prbiundr uh jdarb quk skm nbrtb y ik mlrmimajk jknturm mnkrnm ik nmim uhm ik jms quk Fmre Ikvkr cm jjmfmib jms hukvk nmrmntkræstdnms ik uhm dljksdm smhm y uh jdarb fís, mnkrnm ik jb quk ks ibntrdhm sþjdim. _uajdnmrkfbs jdarbs mnkrnm ik jm prkidnmndþh kxpbsdtdvm, jm tkbjblæm aæajdnm, kj kvmhlkjdb, jm nbhvkrsdþh, jm _rþjblb

kvmhlkjdzmndþh, jm fkfarksæm ik jm dljksdm, jm idsndpjdhm knjksdmj, kj idsndpujmib y kj nrkndfdkhtb, y kj jdikrmzlb ik jm dljksdm =. Jms dljksdms jbnmjks kxdstkh pmrm fbstrmr m jms hmndbhks jm ljbrdm ik Idbs. T

 

kstb jb cmnkfbs `dgmhib hukstrbs bgbs kh kj kvmhlkjdb ik Gksunrdstb, nbh`dmhib kh äj pmrm smjvmndþh, y mfíhibhbs uhbs m btrbs nbh jm fdsfm smhtdimi ik Idbs, su uhdimi y su mfbr. Ks hukstrm brmndþh quk kj jdarb quk tdkhks kh tus fmhbs tk myuik m kjjb. Nbh hukstrbs Fmre Ikvkr yfkgbrks Gbhmtcmhikskbs, Jkkfmh Kidtbrks ik jm skrdk

_QK@MNDB Lkbrlk _khtknbst idgb cmnk ndkh mýbs quk7 «Ks mj pmstbr m qudkh jk pkrtkhknk kj prdvdjkldb y jm rkspbhsmadjdimi ik rksbjvkr kj prbajkfm ik jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjksµ=. _khtknbst sbstkhæm quk jbs nbfdtäs fdsdbhkrbs guklmh uh pmpkj dfpbrtmhtk kh jms fdsdbhks5 kjmabrmhib fätbibs, kstdfujmhib jm fbvdjdzmndþh y nbhsdludkhib idhkrb. _krb jm rkspbhsmadjdimi y kj prdvdjkldb ik jbs pmstbrks ks skhtdr nmrlm pbrikjmsIdbs. hmndbhks y khnkhikr jm pmsdþh kh nmim dljksdm jbnmj pmrm jm ljbrdm fuhidmj Nrkb quk _khtknbst tkhæm rmzþh. Iägmfk mnjmrmr quk hb kstby idndkhib quk jbs pmstbrks tdkhkh quk iksnudimr kj fdhdstkrdb m jms pkrsbhms kh hukstrms dljksdms jbnmjks. ^ä quk kh hukstrms nbhlrklmndbhks cmy pkrsbhms quk kstíh ckrdims, fmtrdfbhdbs quk tdkhkh id`dnujtmiks, hdýbs quk sbh rkakjiks, pkrsbhms quk kstíh juncmhib nbhtrm kj níhnkr, tufbrks y tbib njmsk ik iksm`æbs kh kstm vdim. Hb tkhkfbs quk iksnudimr kj fdhdstkrdb jbnmj mj Nukrpb ik Nrdstb. Ymfpbnb tkhkfbs quk iksnudimr jm fdsdþh jbnmj kh hukstrms nbfuhdimiks b nduimiks. ^k hbs cm fmhimib cmnkr idsnæpujbs y ksm fdsdþh skrí jjkvmim m nmab ik `brfm fís hmturmj y nbhsdstkhtk kh kj julmr ibhik vdvdfbs, kh jms dhfkidmndbhks ik hukstrm vkndhimi. Ybibs jbs fdkfarbs ik dljksdm ikakræmh prkluhtmrsk7 «²Nþfb pukib cmnkr idsnæpujbs cby kh kj fdsfb julmr ibhik vdvb m trmväs ik jbs ibhks ÷hdnbs quk Idbs fk cm imib y su Kspærdtu quk vdvk kh fæ2µ. T sdludkhib kstm fdsfm jæhkm, jm lkhtk ikakræm ks`brzmrsk pbr cmnkr idsnæpujbs y pjmhtmr dljksdms mjjæ ibhik vdvkh y pbr tbib su pmæs. Jm fdsdþh jbnmj ks masbjutmfkhtk hknksmrdm. Mj fdsfb tdkfpb, jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjks cmh sdib iksnudimims ik `brfm tríldnm. Kstuvk nkrnm ik Tkfkh hb cmnk funcb. Kj hbrtk ik Tkfkh tdkhk mprbxdfmimfkhtk bncb fdjjbhks ik cmadtmhtks. ²^maks nuíhtbs nrkykhtks cmy

 

kh kj hbrtk ik kstk pmæs2 Ik khtrk bncb fdjjbhks ik pkrsbhms ’jm sufm ik jm pbajmndþh nbhguhtm ik Mjmamfm y Fdsdsdpd’ cmy vkdhtk b trkdhtm nrkykhtks. Ks prbamajk quk cmym fís nrkykhtks kh jbs kstuidbs aæajdnbs ik tu dljksdm b kh sus nujtbs quk kh tbib kj hbrtk ik Tkfkh, y ksb ks uh prbajkfm. Ks uh prbajkfm pbrquk fdjjbhks ik pkrsbhms kh kj hbrtk ik ksk pmæs hb tdkhkh mnnksb kvmhlkjdb. @brfmh pmrtk ik jbsquk fdjjbhks fdjjbhks ik pukajbs kh kj fuhib mj quk hb cmh sdib kvmhlkjdzmibs, hmnkh, yvdvkh y fukrkh sdh cmakr ksnuncmib huhnm jms aukhms hukvms ik jb quk Idbs cm ckncb pmrm su smjvmndþh kh Nrdstb. Nbrrkldr kstk prbajkfm hb ks prdhndpmjfkhtk jm rkspbhsmadjdimi ik jms brlmhdzmndbhks fdsdbhkrms, sdhb ik tbims jms dljksdms jbnmjks. ^dkhib fís kspknæ`dnbs, jm rkspbhsmadjdimi prdhndpmj ik tbibs jbs pmstbrks ik jms dljksdms jbnmjks ks mfmr m jms pkrsbhms ik sus dljksdms y m jms ik sus nbfuhdimiks, y quk tbib skm ckncb nbh kj `dh suprkfb ik quk kj hbfark ik Nrdstb pukim skr mjmamib kh tbims jms trdaus ik jm tdkrrm. Ksb ks jb quk kj Kspærdtu ik Nrdstb ikskm y, pbr tmhtb, ks jb quk tbibs jbs nrdstdmhbs, pmstbrks k dljksdms jbnmjks ikakh ikskmr. Numhib jkkfbs kj jdarb ik jbs Ckncbs ik prdhndpdb m `dhmj, vkfbs uhm prdbrdimi njmrm rkspkntb m jm `uhndþh ik jm dljksdm jbnmj5 jm prdbrdimi ik jjkvmr kj kvmhlkjdb m tbibs jbs rdhnbhks ikj fuhib. Kh Ckncbs => vkfbs jm Dljksdm kh Mhtdbquæm mibrmhib, myuhmhib y brmhib, y ks kh kj nbhtkxtb ik ksm dljksdm jbnmj guhtb nbh sus jæikrks ibhik kj Kspærdtu ^mhtb mpmrtm m _majb y Akrhmaä nbfb fdsdbhkrbs. Jm dljksdm brm pbr kjjbs y jbs khvæm, sustkhtíhibjks knbhþfdnmfkhtk m fkidim quk jjkvmh m nmab jm fdsdþh. _majb vukjvk ibs vknks m Mhtdbquæm pmrm mhdfmr m ksm dljksdm jbnmj y, fís tmrik, kh su tkrnkr vdmgk fdsdbhkrb, ksnrdak uhm nmrtm m btrm dljksdm jbnmj kh Qbfm pmrm pkidr su myuim y pbikr jjklmr m Kspmým, julmr ibhik Nrdstb hb cmaæm sdib prkidnmib. Msæ puks, vkfbs m jms dljksdms jbnmjks khvdmhib, pmstbrkmhib y mpbymhib knbhþfdnmfkhtk m cbfarks y fugkrks kh fdsdbhks fuhidmjks. T kstk ks kj fbtdvb pbr kj quk qudkrb mhdfmr m tbibs jbs pmstbrks y jæikrks ik jms dljksdms jbnmjks m quk msufmh su rkspbhsmadjdimi rkspkntb m jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjks5 pmrm quk jm tmrkm kspkndmj ’sdfdjmr m jm ik Mhtdbquæm’ quk Idbs tk cm imib m td y tu dljksdm kh jm kxpmhsdþh ikj kvmhlkjdb skm jjkvmim cmstm jbs nbh`dhks ik jm tdkrrm. _krb pukik quk tk prkluhtks7 «²_br iþhik kfpdkzb2µ. Ksm ks jm rmzþh pbr jm quk kstby tmh mlrmikndib pbr kstk jdarb skhndjjb y tmh dfpbrtmhtk quk tdkhks kh tus fmhbs. Mhiy Gbchsbh cm prbpbrndbhmib uhm kxnkjkhtk myuim pmrm jms dljksdms jbnmjks y jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjks kh jms

 

píldhms quk tdkhks mhtk td. Kstk jdarb hb sbjb kstí khtkrmfkhtk `uhimib kh jm _mjmarm ik Idbs, sdhb quk sk hutrk ik jm kxpkrdkhndm quk Mhiy tdkhk sdrvdkhib kh su dljksdm y kh btrms dljksdms mjrkikibr ikj fuhib nbh jms quk tmfadäh cm trmamgmib. Nbfb rksujtmib, b`rknk uh tksbrb ik smadiuræm idspbhdajk pmrm jbs jæikrks y fdkfarbs ik dljksdms ik tbibs jbs tmfmýbs. Numhib tkrfdhä ik jkkr kstk jdarbjbnmjks pkhsä7puidkrmh «¡Nþfbjkkr fk lustmræm quk tbibs pmstbrks jæikrks ik jmsik dljksdms kstb!µ. _brquk sd jbjbs cmnkh, kstbyy nbhvkhndib quk hb sbjb nmfadmrí rmidnmjfkhtk nþfb vkh jms dljksdms jbnmjks ik sus nbfuhdimiks, sdhb tmfadäh nþfb vkh jm barm ik jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjks kh jm tdkrrm. _br tbib kjjb, tk rknbfdkhib kstk jdarb ik tbib nbrmzþh, nbh jm brmndþh ik quk Idbs pukim usmrjb pmrm mvdvmr jm pmsdþh kh tu vdim y kh tu dljksdm jbnmj pbr su ljbrdm fuhidmj. Imvdi _jmtt DHYQBI[NNDÞH

JM^ FD^DBHK^ ^K KHN[KHYQMH KH [HM KHNQ[NDGMIM Kjdsmakt sk iktuvb nbh su mutbfþvdj pmrm nbfprmr uh nm`ä kh jm vkhtmhdjjm ik uhm nm`ktkræm numhib rklrksmam m nmsm ikspuäs ik jm rkuhdþh ikj Nbfdtä ik fdsdbhks ik jm dljksdm. Ykhæm jm kspkrmhzm ik quk uhm `ukrtk ibsds ik nm`kæhm prbnksmim jk qudtmrm kj ibjbr ik nmakzm quk kstmam pkr`brmhib sus sdkhks. Fdkhtrms kspkrmam, rkpmsþ kh su fkhtk jb bnurrdib iurmhtk jm rkuhdþh. ^d tbims jms pkrsbhms quk `brfmh kj Nbfdtä mfmh m Gks÷s y tdkhkh dhtkräs kh jms fdsdbhks, ²pbr quäkhtrk krmh tmh `rustrmhtksyjms rkuhdbhks2 Ik hukvb, jm rkuhdþh cmaæm trmhsnurrdib `rustrmndbhks bagktdvbs iksdlumjks sdh jjklmr m hdhluhm nbhnjusdþh. M pksmr ik jm kvdikhtk prkbnupmndþh ikj lrupb pbr «jms fdsdbhksµ, Kjdsmakt kstmam kfpkzmhib m prkluhtmrsk sd kh vkrimi tbibs kjjbs tkhæmh kh fkhtk kj fdsfb sdlhd`dnmib numhib utdjdzmamh ksm pmjmarm. Imvdi nbfkhzþ jm rkuhdþh rklmýmhib mj Nbfdtä pbr su «fdbpkµ kh`bquk kvmhlkjdstm. «²]uä sunkik nbh kj pbark, kj cmfardkhtb y kj bprdfdib2µ, prkluhtþ. «²Mnmsb hb ks rkspbhsmadjdimi ik jm dljksdm bnupmrsk tmfadäh ik jms hknksdimiks fmtkrdmjks ik tbibs kjjbs2µ. T Bjdvdm vbjvdþ m sulkrdr quk skræm funcb fkgbr ’y fís knbhþfdnb’ 

 

nbhtrmtmr m pmstbrks jbnmjks quk ym kstuvdkrmh mjjæ, quk khvdmr fdsdbhkrbs bnndikhtmjks. _br btrm pmrtk kstmam jb quk Lkrmrib cmaæm nbfkhtmib. Mnmamam ik jkkr uh kstuidb quk iknæm quk kh vkz ik prkidnmr kj kvmhlkjdb aæajdnb, uhm brlmhdzmndþh uh hukvb pmrm prbiundr uhskrdb «3< pbr ndkhtb fís ikfdsdbhkrm ikndsdbhksusmam pbr Nrdstb khtrkfätbib jbs fusujfmhksµ. ²Kh uh kstuidb kstmiæstdnb krm jm fkgbr fmhkrm ik ikndidr quä fätbibs ikaæmh skr utdjdzmibs2 ²T quä njmsks ik ikndsdbhks kstmamh tbfmhib ksbs fusujfmhks kxmntmfkhtk2 _mtrdndm prksdbhþ mj Nbfdtä pmrm quk ikgmsk ik mpbymr knbhþfdnmfkhtk m jbs fdsdbhkrbs m tdkfpb nbfpjktb y, kh su julmr, nbhnkhtrmrsk kh khvdmr pkrsbhms quk kgkrndkrmh mjjæ sus prbpdms prb`ksdbhks sknujmrks. _mtrdndm m`drfþ quk «kj fbikjb mhtdlub ik jms dljksdms khvdmhib barkrbs m jmrlb pjmzb nbh tbtmj mpbyb `dhmhndkrb kstí tbtmjfkhtk basbjktb kh hukstrm fbikrhm knbhbfæm fuhidmj. Kj ÷hdnb fbikjb quk `uhndbhm ks khvdmr m lkhtk quk trmamgk mjjæ kh sus prbpdbs b`dndbs y hklbndbsµ. Kjdsmakt rknbhbndþ quk ksm pbiræm skr uhm aukhm kstrmtkldm, pkrb quk kstmam amstmhtk sklurm ik quk m÷h krm víjdib kj fmhimtb ikj mpþstbj Gumh ik quk «ikakfbs mnblkrµ m jbs fdsdbhkrbs quk sbh khvdmibs pbr jm dljksdm «pmrm quk nbbpkrkfbs nbh jm vkrimiµ (> Gh. 3). _krb numhib Kjdsmakt jkyþ kj pmsmgk kh vbz mjtm, _mtrdndm jmikþ jm nmakzm ik uh jmib m btrb y jm kxcbrtþ m quk ikgmsk ik fdrmr mtrís y mnkptmsk jm hukvm bjm fdsdbhkrm. T nbfb krm ik kspkrmr, Nmrjbs nbhnjuyþ jm rkuhdþh vbjvdähibjks m mhdfmr m quk `dhmhndmskh vdmgks fdsdbhkrbs ik iurmndþh nbrtm kh julmr ik `dhmhndmr fís barkrbs m tdkfpb nbfpjktb. Gustb mhtks ik vbjvkrjks m nbhtmr jm nbhbndim cdstbrdm mnkrnm ik su vdmgk m Lumtkfmjm pmrm pdhtmr uh nkhtrb nbfuhdtmrdb y nbfb kstb cmaæm trmhs`brfmib su `k, Nmrjbs jks rknbriþ quk «jbs vdmgks ik iurmndþh nbrtm pukikh trmhs`brfmr jm vdim ik hukstrbs fdsdbhkrbsµ. _krb Kjdsmakt sk prkluhtmam sd kstm njmsk ik vdmgks krm jm fkgbr `brfm ik usmr sus `bhibs pmrm fdsdbhks y kj prbpdb tdkfpb ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs. Kj sbhdib ik jm vkhtmhm ik jm nm`ktkræm mardähibsk smnþ m Kjdsmakt ik sus rk`jkxdbhks. Fdkhtrms kjjm nbhiunæm ik vukjtm m nmsm ids`rutmhib su ibsds ibajk ik nm`ä, tuvb jm nrkndkhtk skhsmndþh ik quk ikaæm cmakr uhm fmhkrm fkgbr ik cmnkr jms nbsms. Hb tkhæm hdhluhm iuim ik quk Idbs cmaæm imib mjl÷h tdpb ik dhstrunndbhks mnkrnm ik jb quk sbh jms fdsdbhks y nþfb ikakh skr jjkvmims m nmab. _krb hb

 

smaæm iþhik pbiæm khnbhtrmr idncms dhstrunndbhks b pbr iþhik kfpkzmr. _br ikslrmndm, nrkb quk Kjdsmakt hb ks jm ÷hdnm pkrsbhm quk sk khnukhtrm kh kstm sdtumndþh. Cmy pkrsbhms adkhdhtkhndbhmims kh funcms ik hukstrms dljksdms mntumjks quk pmrknkh hb khtkhikr adkh nþfb `uhndbhm kj msuhtb ik jms fdsdbhks. ]udkrkh quk Nrdstb skm ljbrd`dnmib y kxmjtmib, y sk prkbnupmh pbr jms hknksdimiks ik jms pkrsbhms, pkrb kh jm príntdnm, su pmrtdndpmndþh kh jms fdsdbhks sk nbhnkhtrm m fkhuib kh uhm a÷squkim `rkhätdnm ik hukvms dikms, kh uhm nbfpktdndþh pmrm usmr jbs rknursbs ik jm dljksdm b kh idsnrkpmhndms mnkrnm ikj fätbib m skludr. Jms aukhms hbtdndms quk kstk pkqukýb jdarb trmk ks quk jms nbsms hb tdkhkh pbrquä skr msæ. Dfmlæhmtk uhm dljksdm jbnmj ibhik jm nbhlrklmndþh tdkhk njmrm su fdsdþh ik dr m jms hmndbhks y kstíh ik mnukrib kh nþfb cmnkrjb. Jbs mhndmhbs luæmh m jm nbhlrklmndþh kh su kstrmtkldm fdsdbhkrm y kstm msufk quk tbibs jbs nrkykhtks sbh rkspbhsmajks ik jms fdsdbhks y quk hb ks mjlb kxnjusdvb ikj «njua fdsdbhkrbµ. Jm tdrmhæm ik tkhkr quk usmr jms hukvms tkhikhndms y jm kxdlkhndm ik rksujtmibs vdsdajks k dhfkidmtbs hb kgkrnkh hdhluhm dh`jukhndm kh jm nbhlrklmndþh. Jbs fdkfarbs vkh jms fdsdbhks nbfb jm barm ik jm dljksdm kh nbhguhtb kh julmr ik jm mntdvdimi pkrsbhmj y prdvmim ik nmim pkrsbhm. Kh kstm dljksdm jbs fdkfarbs vkh jms fdsdbhks nbfb su fdhdstkrdb prdhndpmj y hb nbfb uh prbykntb bnmsdbhmj y pmsmgkrb. Jms rkjmndbhks nbh jbs fdsdbhkrbs sbh sþjdims, skrdms y iurmikrms. Mpmrtmr nbh lbzb idhkrb pmrm jms fdsdbhks ks uhm pmrtk `uhimfkhtmj ikj prksupukstb ik jm dljksdm y hb sdfpjkfkhtk kj rksujtmib ik pktdndbhks urlkhtks y bnmsdbhmjks. T jm vkrimi ks quk jbs fdkfarbs vmjbrmh jms fdsdbhks jb su`dndkhtk nbfb pmrm quk mjluhbs qudkrmh mamhibhmr su nbfbidimi y skr khvdmibs pbr jm dljksdm pmrm uhm jmrlm kstmhndm kh kj kxtrmhgkrb. Kstm hb ks uhm dikm pbnb `mntdajk, hd tmfpbnb uh prbykntb kspkndmjfkhtk nbfpjdnmib ik jjkvmr m nmab. Ck vdstb kstm vdsdþh cmnkrsk rkmjdimi kh funcms dljksdms ik tbibs jbs tmfmýbs. Hb ks tmh id`ændj. Kh kskhndm, jb prdfkrb quk cmy quk cmnkr ks ausnmr kh jm Adajdm hukstrbs prblrmfms y fätbibs fdsdbhkrbs. Ksm ks jm tksds prdhndpmj ik kstk jdarb7 jm _mjmarm ik Idbs hbs b`rknk tbib jb

 

quk hknksdtmfbs smakr pmrm bakiknkrjk y imrjk jm ljbrdm. Ksb dhnjuyk tbib jb quk hknksdtmfbs pmrm bakiknkr su Lrmh Nbfdsdþh ik cmnkr idsnæpujbs m tbims jms hmndbhks (Ft. 137=3-1?). Ksb hb sdlhd`dnm quk su _mjmarm rkspbhik ik `brfm kxpjændtm tbims jms prkluhtms quk sk hbs pukimh bnurrdr, hd tmfpbnb quk tbims jms sulkrkhndms nbhtkhdims kh kstk jdarb prbnkikh idrkntmfkhtk ik uh fmhimtb kgkfpjb aæajdnb. _krbkjsæprblrmfm sdlhd`dnm quk Adajdm ks nbfpjktmfkhtk su`dndkhtkbpmrm prbpbrndbhmrhbs y jbsjmprdhndpdbs quk ikakh nbh`brfmr hukstrbs fätbibs y ikndsdbhks. Kh kjjm khnbhtrmfbs uhm lrmh mauhimhndm ik prdhndpdbs k dfpkrmtdvbs quk imríh brikh y `brfm m hukstrbs prbykntbs, y quk iurmhtk kj prbnksb hbs jdakrmríh ik jm ms`dxdmhtk tdrmhæm prbvbnmim pbr nbh`dmr ÷hdnmfkhtk kh hukstrbs pjmhks rksujtmidstms y kh hukstrm prbpdm smadiuræm. [hm ik jms nbsms quk vkfbs njmrmfkhtk kh jm Ksnrdturm ks quk tbibs jbs nrkykhtks ikakh prkbnupmrsk pbr jms fdsdbhks pbrquk kstms sbh rkspbhsmadjdimi ik tbibs jbs fdkfarbs ik dljksdms jbnmjks. _br tmhtb, dhikpkhidkhtkfkhtk quk skmsb uh fdkfarb dljksdmjbnmj, dhtkrksmib kh jms fdsdbhks, uh jæikr ikik fdsdbhks kj pmstbr ik jmikdljksdm kstk jdarb tdkhk mjlb pmrm td. _krb mhtks ik quk pbimfbs cmajmr ik jm barm fdsdbhkrm, hknksdtmfbs kh prdfkr julmr kstmajknkr mjluhbs prdhndpdbs aæajdnbs aísdnbs pmrm ikspuäs nbhsdikrmr nþfb pbikfbs mpjdnmrjbs smadmfkhtk m hukstrms prbpdms mntdvdimiks fdsdbhkrms. Msæ puks, kfpknkfbs kh kj julmr ibhik tbibs jbs prbykntbs nrdstdmhbs quk sk prkndkh ik skr smadbs ikakh nbfkhzmr5 kh jm Adajdm. NM_ÆY[JB =

KJ @[HIMFKHYB AÆAJDNB _MQM JM^ FD^DBHK^ [hm vkz mjqudjä uh mpmrtmfkhtb vmnmndbhmj kh jm skxtm pjmhtm ik uh kid`dndb quk hb tkhæm msnkhsbr. Jm prbpdktmrdm cmaæm sdib fuy njmrm kh tbibs jbs nbrrkbs kjkntrþhdnbs7 «Kstk mpmrtmfkhtb kstí kh jm skxtm pjmhtm y hb cmy msnkhsbrµ. Muh msæ, hb nbfprkhiæ adkh kj sdlhd`dnmib ik su mivkrtkhndm cmstm quk kstuvk gmikmhib kh kj rkjjmhb ik jm qudhtm pjmhtm suadkhib pbr jms sdhubsms ksnmjkrms jm skluhim fmjktm ik jms trks quk tkhæm. ^dh kfamrlb, numhib fk iktuvk trmtmhib ik rknbrimr jbs sæhtbfms ik uh dh`mrtb, hb fk puik kh`mimr nbh jm prbpdktmrdm. Kjjm fk mvdsþ iksik kj prdhndpdb y yb ikaæ

 

cmakr prkstmib fís mtkhndþh. ^kr nbfpjktmfkhtk trmhspmrkhtk nbh jm dh`brfmndþh ks uhm fmhkrm aukhm y cbhkstm ik kfpkzmr numjqudkr rkjmndþh, dhnjuykhib jm rkjmndþh khtrk uh ksnrdtbr ’nbfb yb’ y uh jkntbr (nbfb t÷). Ks pbr kjjb pbr jb quk qudkrb nbfkhzmr kstk jdarb kxpbhdkhib mjluhms nbhvdnndbhks mnkrnm ik jms fdsdbhks. Ks pbsdajk quk hb kstäs ik mnukrib nbhaæajdnms tbims yaísdnms nmim uhm ik kjjms, pkrb kspkrb quk hb ikgks ik jkkr kstk jdarb pbr kjjb. _ukik quk khnukhtrks nbsms ÷tdjks mquæ, m÷h numhib hb kstkfbs ik mnukrib kh tbib. Mikfís, pukiks cmnkr nbfb jbs guiæbs ik Akrkm kh Ckncbs =< y ksnuirdýmrjb tbib pmrm vkr sd nbhnukrim nbh jm Adajdm. Hknksdtmfbs nbfkhzmr ik`dhdkhib kj prbpþsdtb ik jm fdsdþh ik jm dljksdm. JM FD^DÞH IK JM^ FD^DBHK^ K^ MHYK YBIB K^_DQDY[MJ Hb ks hknksmrdb kfpkzmr kstk pkqukýb jdarb khtrmhib m `bhib kh kj ikamtk mnkrnm ik jm rkspbhsmadjdimi ik jms dljksdms ik smtds`mnkr tmhtb jms hknksdimiks ktkrhms m trmväs ik jm prbnjmfmndþh ikj kvmhlkjdb nbfb jms hknksdimiks tkfpbrmjks m trmväs ikj nudimib fmtkrdmj. Kstí njmrb quk jbs nrdstdmhbs tdkhkh quk prkbnupmrsk ik `brfm pkrsbhmj pbr tbib kj su`rdfdkhtb cufmhb. T jbs nrdstdmhbs tdkhkh quk prkbnupmrsk kspkndmjfkhtk pbr kj su`rdfdkhtb ktkrhb y tkrrdajk quk kh`rkhtmh tbibs mqukjjbs quk pkrfmhknkh amgb jm drm ik Idbs. Hb tkhkfbs quk pkrfdtdr quk mfams prkbnupmndbhks nbfpdtmh pbr skr jm prdbrdtmrdm. Gbch _dpkr cm khtkhidib kstb nbrrkntmfkhtk7 «Jbs nrdstdmhbs sk prkbnupmh pbr tbims jms `brfms ik su`rdfdkhtb y kspkndmjfkhtk pbr kj su`rdfdkhtb ktkrhb. T sd hb jb cmnkh, ks quk tdkhkh uh nbrmzþh ik`kntubsb b = nrkkh kh uh Dh`dkrhb sdh jjmfmsµ . Mhtks ik pbhkr hukstrm mtkhndþh kh jm fdsdþh fuhidmj ik jm dljksdm, kspkrb quk pbimfbs kstmr ik mnukrib kh quk jm dljksdm tdkhk quk prkbnupmrsk kspkndmjfkhtk pbr kj su`rdfdkhtb ktkrhb. Jm dljksdm ks ksm sdhlujmr nbfuhdimi ikj kvmhlkjdb rknjutmim pbr Gksunrdstb fdsfb. _br nbhsdludkhtk, tdkhks quk trmamgmr ik fmhkrm kspkndmj pmrm nufpjdr su sdhlujmr fdsdþh ik prbtklkr kj kvmhlkjdb, prbnjmfmr kj kvmhlkjdb y idsndpujmr m mqukjjbs quk rkspbhikh nbh mrrkpkhtdfdkhtb y `k mj kvmhlkjdb. ^kmh numjks skmh jms nbsms aukhms quk cmnkfbs, hukstrmsquk nbhlrklmndbhks kh ksm fdsdþh, kj sdhlujmrsdfmhimtb Nrdstb hbs cm`rmnmsmh imib nbfb dljksdms. Ks`rmnmsmrkfbs aukhb cmnkr kh

 

btrms nbsms y hukstrms dljksdms pukikh tbfmr id`krkhtks ikndsdbhks rkspkntb m dhvbjunrmrsk kh aukhms barms y kh myuims sbndmjks. _krb jb quk jm dljksdm nrdstdmhm pbskk nbfb mjlb kxnjusdvb y ÷hdnb ks jm fmybribfæm ikj kvmhlkjdb. Ikakfbs cmnkr quk jb prdfkrb skm jb prdfkrb. T ksm ks jm prdbrdimi ik jms fdsdbhks nrdstdmhms. Ks dfpbrtmhtk nbjbnmr kstk puhtb kh prdfkr julmr pbrquk kh tdkfpbs rkndkhtks mjluhbs nrdstdmhbs cmh sulkrdib quk sd mhdfmfbs m jms dljksdms m imr prdbrdimi m jm fdsdþh kspdrdtumj sus fdkfarbs y fdsdbhkrbs hb sk prkbnupmríh kh masbjutb pbr kj su`rdfdkhtb tkrrkhmj ik jms pkrsbhms. ^dh kfamrlb, jm cdstbrdm idnk quk jms lkhkrmndbhks kh jms numjks jms dljksdms sk nkhtrmrbh fís kh jm ktkrhdimi y jm smjvmndþh sbh jms quk hbrfmjfkhtk cdndkrbh kj fmybr adkh sbndmj. Dhvkstdlmibrks mntumjks nbfb Qbakrt _uthmf kstíh pkrpjkgbs pbr kj hdvkj dhsþjdtb ik ibhmndbhks mjtrudstms imims pbr pkrsbhms rkjdldbsms quk pkrtkhknkh m dljksdms nkhtrmims kh jm ktkrhdimi 1. B pbikfbs jkkr jm mfpjdmfkhtk rknbhbndimquk barmprdbrdzmh ikj sbndþjblb Qbakrtik\bbiakrry, qudkh cmajmhib ik fdsdbhkrbs jm smjvmndþh jms mjfms pbr khndfm ik tbib jb ikfís, ikfbstrþ quk7 «Jbs fdsdbhkrbs prbtkstmhtks quk ausnmh nbhvkrtdr m jm lkhtk cmh prbiundib uh adkhkstmr sbndmj fuhidmj y fís pkrfmhkhtk quk mqukjjbs quk sbjb ’b prdhndpmjfkhtk’ sk nbhnkhtrmh kh b`rknkr myuim sbndmjµ>. Jm rkmjdimi ks quk hb pbhkfbs kh prdfkr julmr jbs msuhtbs ktkrhbs kh hukstrms dljksdms ikadib m jm cdstbrdm y jm ndkhndm sbndmj5 jb cmnkfbs pbr mfbr m hukstrb prþgdfb. ^d kstmfbs nbhvkhndibs ik quk kj su`rdfdkhtb ktkrhb kh kj Dh`dkrhb ks kj pkbr su`rdfdkhtb ik khtrk tbibs jbs su`rdfdkhtbs cufmhbs, ²m quä btrm nbsm vmfbs m imr prdbrdimi2 Muh fís, pbhkfbs kh prdfkr julmr jbs msuhtbs ktkrhbs pbr mfbr m Idbs. ]ukrkfbs quk hukstrms dljksdms nufpjmh nbh kj prbpþsdtb ljbrdbsb ik Idbs5 prbpþsdtb quk `uk kj fbtdvb nbhnrktb pbr kj numj jks nbh`dþ kj kvmhlkjdb. ^bfbs dfpujsmibs nbh sufb lbzb pbr kj fmhimtb ik hukstrb ^kýbr ik «di, y cmnki idsnæpujbs m tbims jms hmndbhks, amutdzíhibjbs kh kj hbfark ikj _mirk, y ikj Cdgb, y ikj Kspærdtu ^mhtb5 khskýíhibjks quk lumrikh tbims jms nbsms quk bs ck fmhimibµ (Ft. 137=4-1?). T tmfadäh hbs dfpujsm jm vdsdþh nkjkstdmj ikj mpþstbj Gumh7

 

Ikspuäs ik kstb fdrä, y ck mquæ uhm lrmh fujtdtui, jm numj hmidk pbiæm nbhtmr, ik tbims hmndbhks y trdaus y pukajbs y jkhlums, quk kstmamh ikjmhtk ikj trbhb y kh jm prkskhndm ikj Nbrikrb, vkstdibs ik rbpms ajmhnms, y nbh pmjfms kh jms fmhbs5 y njmfmamh m lrmh vbz, idndkhib7 Jm smjvmndþh pkrtkhknk m hukstrb Idbs quk kstí skhtmib kh kj trbhb, y mj Nbrikrb (Mp. 7>) y nudim ik kjjbs ikspuäs ik khvdmrjbs (@dj. 97=;-=05 > Gh. =73). T jm rkprbiunndþh ik dljksdms jbnmjks smhms ks hbrfmjfkhtk kj prbpþsdtb y jm fktm ik hukstrbs prbykntbs fdsdbhkrbs (Cnc. =;79=5 Ydt. =7;). ²_krb pbr quä Idbs kstí tmh ikndidib m nufpjdr su lrmh barm rkikhtbrm pbr fkidb su dljksdm2 _brquk «pmrm jk mpmsdbhm prbpdm ljbrdm. Cm iktkrfdhmib mntumr miktrmväs ik jm cdstbrdm quk jmsufujtd`brfk smadiuræm ik Idbs skm

 

mcbrm imim m nbhbnkr pbr fkidb ik jm dljksdm m jbs prdhndpmibs y pbtkstmiks kh jbs julmrks nkjkstdmjksµ (K`. >7=?). Idbs kstí ikndidib m utdjdzmr jm dljksdm pmrm nufpjdr su barm rkikhtbrm y fbstrmr jm ljbrdm ik su smadiuræm mj uhdvkrsb. Jm dljksdm `uk pjmhkmim pbr Idbs y kjjm ks su ÷hdnb pjmh kstmajkndib pmrm jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjks. T pbr khndfm ik tbib, ks jm mfmim ik su Cdgb mfmib5 jm hbvdm nbfprmim m prkndb ik smhlrk. _br nbhsdludkhtk, numjqudkr brlmhdzmndþh cufmhmfkhtk nrkmim quk nbjmabrk kh jms fdsdbhks tdkhk quk rknbrimr quk ks jm imfm ik cbhbr, hb jm hbvdm. Ks jm mntrdz sknuhimrdm, hb jm kstrkjjm. Ksm pbsdndþh, cbhbr y rkspbhsmadjdimi cm sdib btbrlmim pbr Nrdstb m su Dljksdm y sbjb m su Dljksdm. Jm nbbpkrmndþh brlmhdzmim khtrk dljksdms pmrm kj akhk`dndb ik jms fdsdbhks ks mjlb fmrmvdjjbsb  ’cmajmrä mnkrnm ik kjjb fís mikjmhtk’, pkrb mqukjjbs quk brlmhdzmh ksm nbbpkrmndþh tdkhkh quk rknbrimr quk kstíh pmrtdndpmhib nbfb mnbfpmýmhtks ik jm dljksdm jbnmj y hb sustdtuyähibjm. _rkndsmfkhtk pbrquk jm Adajdm ks njmræsdfm mnkrnm ik kstk puhtb, kstk pkqukýb jdarb kstí nkhtrmib sdh hdhl÷h nbfpjkgb kh jm dljksdm jbnmj nbfb kj fbtbr ik jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjks. T numhib nbhsdikrmfbs hukstrb prbpdb nbfprbfdsb dhidvdiumj nbh jm fdsdþh fuhidmj, tmfadäh tkhkfbs quk cmnkrjb kh kj nbhtkxtb ik hukstrms `uhndbhks nbfb fdkfarbs ik jm dljksdm. ^d qukrkfbs khtkhikr nþfb dhvbjunrmrhbs `dkjfkhtk kh jms fdsdbhks, jm dljksdm jbnmj tdkhk quk skr jm amsk pmrm dikhtd`dnmr, nmpmndtmr, khvdmr y sbstkhkr m jbs fdsdbhkrbs. Jm fdsdþh cm sdib imim m jm Dljksdm ik Nrdstb y pmrm jm ljbrdm ik Nrdstb. JM ADAJDM IM F[NCM DH@BQFMNDÞH MNKQNM IK NÞFB KH@BNMQ JM^ FD^DBHK^ ²_krb nþfb qudkrk Idbs quk su fdsdþh skm jjkvmim m nmab2 ^kræm nrukj quk Idbs supdkrm jb quk äj qudkrk, pkrb quk hbs ikgmrm m ndklms kh numhtb m sus pjmhks. Idbs huhnm trmtmræm m sus cdgbs ik ksm fmhkrm. M jb jmrlb ik tbim su _mjmarm, Idbs hbs cm imib uhm nbjknndþh ik dhstrunndbhks rkspkntb m jm fdsdþh fuhidmj ik jm dljksdm5 quä ks y nþfb kh`bnmrjm nbh `dikjdimi, lbzb y nbh`dmhzm. Mfmfbs m Idbs y jk cbhrmfbs hb sbjb trmamgmhib pbr kj lrmh bagktdvb quk hbs cm khtrklmib ’nbhlrklmr mibrmibrks ik tbim jkhlum trdau, pukajb y hmndþh’, sdhbsutmfadäh utdjdzmhib fkidbs quk mcmtrmväs iknrktmib. Mikfís, cm idncb quk fdsdþh fuhidmj skjbs jjkvmrí m nmab ik vdims smhtms,hbs jm

 

brmndþh `dkj, jm prbnjmfmndþh ikj kvmhlkjdb y jm fujtdpjdnmndþh ik dljksdms smhms. Ksb ks rkmjfkhtk ik jb quk trmtm kj rkstb ik kstk jdarb7 kxtrmkr kstbs prdhndpdbs ik jm Adajdm pmrm juklb mpjdnmrjbs nbh smadiuræm m jm barm fdsdbhkrm ik hukstrms dljksdms fuhidmj jbnmjks. _brquk jmshb aukhms hbtdndms sbh qukhbs muhquk jm barm ikj kvmhlkjdsfb ks id`ændj, ks nbfpjdnmim. Idbs cm kxpjdnmib kh jm prbpdm Ksnrdturm tbib jb quk hknksdtmfbs smakr. Jm Adajdm hbs kxpjdnm jb quk ks jm fdsdþh7 jm fdsdþh ik jm dljksdm ks rk`jkgmr jm ljbrdm ik Idbs iknjmrmhib kj kvmhlkjdb m tbims jms hmndbhks, nbhlrklmhib dljksdms kh tbib julmr y jjkhíhibjms ik idsnæpujbs quk bakikznmh m Idbs y jk mjmakh pmrm sdkfprk pbr su lrmndm (Ds. ;05 Ft. 137=3-1?5 Qb. =;75 K`. >73==5 Mp. 5 1 Yd. 97=-;5 > Gh. =-3). Jm Adajdm hbs kxpjdnm nuíj ks kj fíxdfb prbpþsdtb ik jms fdsdbhks7 pkrsbhms trmhs`brfmims kh dljksdms aæajdnms quk `dhmjfkhtk sk uhdríh m jm fujtdtui nkjkstdmj mj Nbrikrb ik Idbs pbr tbim jm ktkrhdimi (Qb. 37=-==5 Ck. =?7=4-1;5mjmamhib Mp. 7=, tmfpbnb tbibs jbs tkstdlbs ikj kvmhlkjdb kh uhm nujturm id`krkhtk m jm suym sbh fdsdbhkrbs skl÷h vkfbs kh > Gumh b = ik Nbrdhtdbs. Msæ quk jb vukjvb m rkpktdr, kh kstk jdarb vby m nkýdrfk mj khtkhidfdkhtb trmidndbhmj k cdstþrdnb jm pmjmarm «fdsdbhkrbµ nbfb skm mjludkh quk ks rknbhbndib pbr jm dljksdm jbnmj ik y khvdmib pmrm quk kj kvmhlkjdb nbhbndib y, pmrm nbhlrklmr, skrvdr y `brtmjknkr m jms dljksdms jbnmjks sdh dfpbrtmr jms idvdsdbhks äthdnms, jdhlúæstdnms b lkblrí`dnms. Ksms sbh jms pkrsbhms m jms numjks sk jks cm idncb m hukstrms dljksdms kh julmrks nbfb > Gumh quk ikakfbs sustkhtmr. ²_krb nþfb tdkhk quk skr ksk mpbyb skl÷h jm Adajdm2 ²T pbr iþhik kfpkzmfbs nbfb dljksdm2 NM_ÆY[JB >

NÞFB KHPDMQ FD^DBHKQB^ T M_BTMQJB^ IK @BQFM NBQQKNYM Ykhlb uh mfdlb quk nrkndþ nbfb cdgb ik fdsdbhkrbs kh Kurbpm. Hb cmnk funcb, fk nbfkhtþ mnkrnm ik jm vdsdtm m uhm dljksdm quk su `mfdjdm y äj cdndkrbh fdkhtrms kstmamh kh KK. [[. Fd mfdlb tkhæm uhbs hukvk mýbs kh mqukj khtbhnks. Numhib vdsdtmrbh jm dljksdm, uhb ik jbs fdkfarbs jk dhvdtþ m tbfmr mjluhbs guluktks y btrms nbsms ikj «mrfmrdb fdsdbhkrbµ ik su dljksdm. Nbfb krm uh hdýb, sk dhtrdlþ y sk kfbndbhþ mj fdsfb tdkfpb. Khtbhnks, kj fdkfarb jm dljksdm mardþ jm pukrtm ik uhikskncmibs lrmh mrfmrdb. Kstmam jjkhb mhirmgbsm,iknbfputmibrms vdkgms y guluktks m jbs numjks jks ik rbpm `mjtmamh mjluhms pdkzms. Jm iknkpndþh ik fd mfdlb `uk khbrfk. ^upbhlb quk jbs ckrfmhbs ik kstm dljksdm tkhæmh aukhms dhtkhndbhks, pkrb sdh julmr m iuims, uh mrfmrdb jjkhb ik amsurm ikskncmim hb ks kj pjmh ik Idbs pmrm mpbymr m jbs fdsdbhkrbs. ²Khtbhnks nuíj ks kj pjmh ik Idbs2 ²Nþfb khvdmfbs fdsdbhkrbs ik `brfm nbrrkntm, nuíhtb mpbyb knbhþfdnb ks su`dndkhtk y m qudäh pbikfbs khvdmr2 Nbfb ks jþldnb, jms rkspukstms kstíh kh jm prbpdm Adajdm. _QDHND_DB^ AÍ^DNB^ IK > G[MH =-3

 

Kj mpþstbj Gumh dhstruyk m su mfdlb Lmyb kh kstm tkrnkrm nmrtm mnkrnm ik jm dfpbrtmhndm ik mpbymr fdsdbhkrbs kvmhlkjdstms dtdhkrmhtks. Kh kj trmhsnursb ik jm nmrtm, kj mpþstbj hbs b`rknk vmrdbs prdhndpdbs aæajdnbs quk fbjikmh jm fmhkrm nþfb pkhsmfbs mnkrnm ik hukstrb prbpdb khvæb y mpbyb fdsdbhkrb. Jjmfíhibsk m sæ fdsfb «kj mhndmhbµ, Gumh ksnrdak kstb7 Kj mhndmhb m Lmyb, kj mfmib, m qudkh mfb kh jm vkrimi. Mfmib, yb ikskb quk t÷ skms prbspkrmib kh tbims jms nbsms, y quk tkhlms smjui, msæ nbfb prbspkrm tu mjfm. _uks funcb fk rklbndgä numhib vdhdkrbh jbs ckrfmhbs y idkrbh tkstdfbhdb ik tu vkrimi, ik nþfb mhims kh jm vkrimi. Hb tkhlb yb fmybr lbzb quk kstk, kj bær quk fds cdgbs mhimh kh jm vkrimi. Mfmib, `dkjfkhtk tk nbhiunks numhib prkstms mjl÷h skrvdndb m jbs ckrfmhbs, kspkndmjfkhtk m jbs iksnbhbndibs, jbs numjks cmh imib mhtk jm dljksdm tkstdfbhdb ik tu mfbr5 y cmrís adkh kh khnmfdhmrjbs nbfb ks idlhb ik su skrvdndb m Idbs, pmrm quk nbhtdh÷kh su vdmgk. _brquk kjjbs smjdkrbh pbr mfbr ikj hbfark ik äj, sdh mnkptmr hmim ik jbs lkhtdjks. Hbsbtrbs, puks, ikakfbs mnblkr m tmjks pkrsbhms, pmrm quk nbbpkrkfbs nbh jm vkrimi (> Gh. =-3). Kxdstkh vmrdms dfpjdnmndbhks idrkntms pmrm jms fdsdbhks kh kstk nbrtb pmsmgk. Nbhsdikrkfbs ndhnb ik kjjms7

=. Ks hbrfmj prkbnupmrsk pbr jms fdsdbhks y jbs fdsdbhkrbs (vv. >, ;, 3) Gumh m`drfm quk su mfdlb Lmyb kstí mhimhib «kh jm vkrimiµ y nbhiundähibsk `dkjfkhtk numhib prkstm «mjl÷h skrvdndb m jbs ckrfmhbsµ. Kj mpþstbj nbhnjuyk idndkhib quk «ikakfbs mnblkr m tmjks UfdsdbhkrbsVµ. Jm Ksnrdturm ikgm njmrb quk kj ikskb ik mpbymr jm kxtkhsdþh ikj kvmhlkjdb y jjkvmrjb m mqukjjbs quk hb jb cmh ksnuncmib ks uhm pmrtk hbrfmj y aísdnm ik jm smhm ibntrdhm nrdstdmhm. 1. Ks ikskmajk jm nbbpkrmndþh khtrk jms dljksdms jbnmjks (vv. >, . Ks `uhimfkhtmj smakr m qudäh ikakfbs mpbymr (vv. 0-3) ²_krb nþfb smakfbs m qudäh ikakfbs mpbymr2 Kj mpþstbj Gumh jb rksufk pmrm hbsbtrbs ik `brfm suastmhndmj. Hb nmak iuim ik quk kspkrmfbs quk jbs nrdstdmhbs nbfpmrtmh kj kvmhlkjdb numhib(Cnc. sbh idspkrsmibs ikadib m jmGumh pkrsknundþh vdmgmh pbr msuhtbs ik hklbndbs 3795 ^tl. 97=>). _krb iksnrdak buhm bajdlmndþh fbrmj kspkndmj pmrm mpbymr m mqukjjbs quk cmh sdib khvdmibs «pbr mfbr ikj hbfark ik äjµ. Kstbs sbh mqukjjbs m jbs quk «ikakfbsµ ardhimr mpbyb knbhþfdnb. M pksmr ik jm ljbamjdzmndþh y jm `mndjdimi ik vdmgmr pbr tbib kj fuhib, cmstm quk Nrdstb rklrksk sdkfprk kxdstdrí jm hknksdimi ik quk jms dljksdms nmpmndtkh, khvækh y mpbykh `dhmhndkrmfkhtk m jbs vkrimikrbs fdsdbhkrbs. T muh fís, numhib Gumh ksnrdak quk kstbs barkrbs damh «sdh mnkptmr hmim ik jbs lkhtdjksµ, im jm skhsmndþh quk kstí dfpjdnmhib quk kstbs fdsdbhkrbs hb vdvæmh ikj kvmhlkjdb5 pbr tmhtb ks jm dljksdm jm quk ikak supjdr sus kj kvmhlkjdb pbr hknksdimiks. kjjb, pkrb sbjbFuncms mjluhmspkrsbhms ik kjjms nbfpmrtkh tdkhkh jm mutbrdimi fbrmjy mjmamfbs pmrm pkidrmkjIdbs mpbyb `dhmhndkrb ik jm dljksdm jbnmj. Kstbs sbh jbs cbfarks y fugkrks m jbs numjks jjmfmfbs «fdsdbhkrbsµ. Jbs fdsdbhkrbs hb vmh pbr jdark sdludkhib su prbpdb pmrknkr, tdkhkh quk rkhidr nukhtms m uhm dljksdm jbnmj kspknæ`dnm. Jbs fdsdbhkrbs fkhndbhmibs kh > Gumh prbamajkfkhtk rkhiæmh nukhtms m jm Dljksdm ik Gumh kh Ä`ksb. ²Yk cms imib nukhtm ik jm rkjmndþh quk kstbs barkrbs tkhæmh nbh jm dljksdm (v. 0)2 Kj mpþstbj Gumh jk idnk m Lmyb quk kstbs ckrfmhbs «idkrbh tkstdfbhdb ik tu vkrimi Umhtk jm dljksdmVµ. Ikspuäs ik quk Lmyb jbs myuimrm, vbjvdkrbh m jm dljksdm quk jbs khvdþ y idkrbh uh dh`brfk. Khtrk btrms nbsms, jm nmrtm ik Gumh pmrknk skr jm rknbfkhimndþh ik kstbs fdsdbhkrbs pbr pmrtk ik jm dljksdm nbfb sus prbpdbs barkrbs mprbamibs. Jbs fdsdbhkrbs aæajdnbs kstíh nbhkntmibs nbh jm dljksdm jbnmj. T sdkfprk cm sdib msæ.

9. Jm myuim ikak skr mauhimhtk (v. 0) Mikfís, Gumh hb ikgm sdh rkspukstm nþfb tdkhk quk skr hukstrb mpbyb m jbs fdsdbhkrbs. Ydkhk quk skr kspjähidib, mauhimhtk y prbvdstb «nbfb ks idlhb ik su skrvdndb m Idbsµ. Kstm prkbnupmndþh ik quk jbs barkrbs nrdstdmhbs skmh supjdibs mauhimhtkfkhtk ks rk`jkgmim kh btrms pmrtks ik jm Adajdm. _majb dhstruyk m Ydtb7 «M Wkhms dhtärprktk ik jm jky, y m Mpbjbs, khnmfæhmjks nbh

 

sbjdndtui, ik fbib quk hmim jks `mjtkµ (Ydt. >7=>). Hukstrb mpbyb fdsdbhkrb tdkhk quk prbnurmr quk hb jks `mjtk hmim, nbfb sd kstuvdärmfbs supjdkhib pmrm uh vdmgk ikj fdsfæsdfb ^kýbr Gksunrdstb. Ks uh kstíhimr mjtæsdfb.

;. Jm fbtdvmndþh ks kj mfbr pbr jm ljbrdm ik Nrdstb (vv. Gumh sbh njmrbs y sd jbs bakiknkfbs, rkvbjundbhmríh jm fmhkrm kh jm quk mjluhbs ik hbsbtrbs pdkhsm mnkrnm ik mpbymr jms fdsdbhks kh hukstrms dljksdms. Mcbrm adkh, ²nþfb mpjdnmfbs kstbs prdhndpdbs2 NÞFB KPMJ[MQ M _B^DAJK^ FD^DBHKQB^ FD^DBHKQB^ Ybfmhib  Ybfmhib kh nukhtm jm skrdkimi y jms bajdlmndbhks quk nbhjjkvm khvdmr fdsdbhkrbs, tkhkfbs quk skjknndbhmr nudimibsmfkhtk m qudäh ikakfbs khvdmr y sustkhtmr. ^d hbs prkbnupmfbs pbr sd kstmfbs iíhibjk ikfmsdmib idhkrb m jbs fdsdbhkrbs, jb quk ikfbstrmfbs ks quk ckfbs ckncb uhm jmabr ik`dndkhtk kxmfdhmhib m mqukjjbs quk khvdmfbs. ^d ksnblkfbs jms pkrsbhms nbrrkntms hb tkhkfbs quk prkbnupmrhbs ik imrjks ikfmsdmib idhkrb. Ck nbhbndib m vmrdbs fdsdbhkrbs `dkjks quk sk khnbhtrmrbh nbh uhm «prbvdsdþh kxtrmµ. T jb quk cdndkrbh `uk sdfpjkfkhtk dhvkrtdr kj idhkrb kh btrms hknksdimiks rkjmndbhmims nbh kj kvmhlkjdb5 nbfprmrbh Adajdms, pmlmrbh pmrm nmpmndtmr m prkidnmibrks jbnmjks, `uhimrbh prbykntbs pmrm trmiundr kj kvmhlkjdb, ktn. Cmstm ibhik yb sä, hdhluhb ik kjjbs ksnbhidþ kj nmpdtmj kh uhm nukhtm sknrktm ikj amhnb b nbfprþ uh vkcænujb ÷jtdfb fbikjb. ^d ik vkrimi tk prkbnupm quk kj idhkrb kxtrm khvdmib m tus fdsdbhkrbs skm fmjlmstmib, prbamajkfkhtk ikakræms trmkrjbs ik vukjtm y khvdmr kh su julmr m fdsdbhkrbs ik nbh`dmhzm. Ymfadäh ks vkrimi quk cmy quk tkhkr mjluhms prknmundbhks. Jbs fdsdbhkrbs sbh pknmibrks nmæibs smjvbs pbr lrmndm mj dlumj quk kj rkstb ik hbsbtrbs. _krb hukstrm rkspbhsmadjdimi ks khvdmr nbh idsnkrhdfdkhtb y hb mpbymr nbh sbspkncms. Jm Ksnrdturm njmrmfkhtk tbib kj qudkrk pmrtk ik jm barm nrdstdmhmmvdsm ks miknumib pmrmquk kjjm.hbCmndm jm quk fdtmi ik > `brfmr Gumh sk

 

hbs prkskhtm m Idþtrk`ks. Kstk cbfark sk mutbkrdldþ nbfb jæikr ik jm dljksdm, pkrb Gumh hb tkhæm hmim aukhb quk ikndr mnkrnm ik kstm pkrsbhm. Kj ikskb ik skrvdr hb ks rkqudsdtb su`dndkhtk. Ik dlumj fmhkrm, jbs tmfadäh mutbkrdldibs fkhsmgkrbs ik Ckncbs =; hb kstmamh nmpmndtmibs pbr kj sdfpjk ckncb ik qukrkr dr m Mhtdbquæm. Ykhkfbs quk skr fuy nudimibsbs nbfb dljksdm mnkrnm ik m qudäh jk «dfpbhkfbs jms fmhbsµ. Ks prkndsmfkhtk pbr kstm rmzþh pbr jm quk hb ks pbsdtdvb pbhkr tbib kj äh`msds kh jm urlkhndm ik jms fdsdbhks. Qknukrib skrfbhks y jkfms quk rknmjnmh jm urlkhndm ik jm tmrkm fdsdbhkrm pbr khndfm ik tbims jms ikfís nbsms7 «Jm fdsdþh ik Idbs ks urlkhtkµ. «Kj Dh`dkrhb ks rkmj y jm drm ik Idbs ks ndkrtm pmrm tbib mqukj quk hb kstí kh Nrdstbµ. ^dh kfamrlb, jm fdsdþh ik Idbs hb ks mjlb `rkhätdnb b kh pkjdlrb ik `rmnmsmr. Jm prbfksm ik quk Nrdstb hb pkrikrí m hdhluhb ik jbs quk kj _mirk jk idb hb pkhik ik uh cdjb hd kstí m puhtb ik `rmnmsmr. _bikfbs skr rípdibs y smadbs mj fdsfb tdkfpb. Gks÷s hb idgb quk rblírmfbs(Ft. mj ^kýbr jm =?71). fdks pmrm adkhkstmr `æsdnb, sdhb pbr «barkrbsµ 47>35ikJn. Ksmsquk sbhhbs jms idkrm pkrsbhms quk ikakfbs khvdmr. Khvdmr pkrsbhms quk hb kstíh nmpmndtmims imýmrí hb sbjb m jbs barkrbs, sdhb m jbs quk kstíh m su mjrkikibr. Numhib yb krm hdýb, fd pmirk krm prbpdktmrdb ik uh pkqukýb hklbndb. Fd pmirk `uk uh cbfark aukhb, smadb y pdmibsb, pkrb nbfb pmsþ su vdim trmamgmhib kh `dhnms y nmfpbs ik pktrþjkb kh Ykxms, hb `uk uhm pkrsbhm kspkndmjfkhtk mfmajk, hd tbjkrmam m jbs kfpjkmibs pkrkzbsbs b prbajkfítdnbs. [hm vkz ksnuncä sdh qukrkr m fd pmirk iíhibjk dhstrunndbhks m uhb ik sus khnmrlmibs pmrm quk ikspdidkrm m uh kfpjkmib prbajkfítdnb. Fd pmirk nbhnjuyþ idndkhib7 «Fdkhtrms ksk cbfark sdlm mquæ, ks nbfb sd ibs ik fds kfpjkmibs hb kstuvdkrmh trmamgmhibµ. Jm dfmlkh sk fk cm qukimib lrmamim. Khvdmr m jms pkrsbhms kqudvbnmims m btrbs pmæsks hb ks sbjb uhm fmjm fmybribfæm, sdhb quk bastmnujdzm kj `rutb ik btrbs barkrbs. Hb hknksdtmfbs fdsdbhkrbs nuyb k`kntb skm nbfb sd ibs barkrbs hb kstuvdkrmh trmamgmhib. ^kr smadb mnkrnm ik m qudäh khvdmfbs kfpdkzm kh nþfb cmajmfbs mnkrnm ik jms fdsdbhks. ²Mjluhm vkz cms ksnuncmib m mjludkh ikndr7 «Jbs nrdstdmhbs hb hknksdtmh uh fbtdvb pmrm dr, hknksdtmh uh fbtdvb pmrm qukimrskµ2 Idncms kxcbrtmndbhks hb sbh tmh aukhms nbfb pmrknkh. Ks ndkrtb quk jbs fdsdbhkrbs hb sbh jm äjdtk ikj fuhib nrdstdmhb, ²pkrb ks nbrrkntb supbhkr quk jm fkgbr

 

sbjundþh ks quk numjqudkrm quk hb tkhlm uhm aukhm rmzþh pmrm qukimrsk kstí numjd`dnmib pmrm skr fdsdbhkrb2 ¡_br supukstb quk hb! Fk im jm skhsmndþh ik quk jbs jæikrks ik dljksdm fbtdvmh m fkhuib kj nkjb fdsdbhkrb kh pkrsbhms pbarkfkhtk nmpmndtmims y juklb ikgmh quk jbs «prb`ksdbhmjksµ ik jms mlkhndms fdsdbhkrms cmlmh kj trmamgb sundb. T ks mj nbhtrmrdb, jms dljksdms jbnmjks tdkhkh quk skr fís mntdvms y kstmr prkpmrmims pmrm mhdfmr y nmpmndtmr m jbs fdkfarbs pmrm dr m jms hmndbhks. Tm sä quk mjluhbs pdkhsmh quk jks `mjtm kxpkrdkhndm pmrm nmpmndtmr m jbs fdsdbhkrbs, pkrb sd smaks nþfb nmpmndtmr smhmfkhtk m jbs fdkfarbs ik tu dljksdm, kh rkmjdimi ym smaks jm fmybr pmrtk ik jb quk sk hknksdtm pmrm nmpmndtmr m uh fdsdbhkrb. Mquæ tdkhks trks nbsms quk ikaks kvmjumr7

=. Kvmj÷m su nmríntkr Kh prdfkr julmr, ²qudäh fkgbr quk jm dljksdm jbnmj pmrm kvmjumr kj nmríntkr ik jbs nmhidimtbs m fdsdbhkrb2 Jbs fdsdbhkrbs trmamgmh fuy m fkhuib kh nbhtkxtbs ibhik hb tdkhkh uhm supkrvdsdþh rklujmr idmrdm. Jm fmybræm ik jms nbsms quk cmnkh tdkhk quk vkr nbh jms rkjmndbhmjks pkrsbhmjks, hb sukjkh tkhkr uhm kstrunturm `dgm y sbh pukstms kh fmrncm pbr kjjbs fdsfbs. Hknksdtmfbs khvdmr pkrsbhms quk tkhlmh dhdndmtdvm, pkrb quk tmfadäh skmh `dkjks y idspukstms m sbfktkrsk m jm mutbrdimi. Numhib cmajmfbs nbh fdkfarbs ik hukstrms dljksdms mnkrnm ik dr m jms hmndbhks, sbfbs hbsbtrbs ’y hb mjluhm mlkhndm fdsdbhkrm pmrmknjksdístdnm’ jbs quk ikakfbs kvmjumr su nmríntkr y myuimrjks m nrknkr skl÷h skm hknksmrdb. Ykhkfbs quk kstmr idspukstbs m cmnkr prkluhtms dhnþfbims, ikndr nbsms iurms y mpjdnmr idsnkrhdfdkhtb m hukstrms kvmjumndbhks. Jbs pkqukýbs ik`kntbs ikj nmríntkr sk pukikh nbhvkrtdr kh lrmhiks prbajkfms. _rkl÷htmtk sd kstms pkrsbhms sbh `dkjks. ²Nbfpjktmríh jm tmrkm quk sk jks btbrlm b hknksdtmríh quk jks kstkfbs kfpugmhib y kncmhib uhm fmhb2 ²^bh pkrsbhms m qudähks jks nbh`dmræms rkspbhsmadjdimiks dfpbrtmhtks kh tu prbpdm dljksdm2 Kj mpþstbj _majb hbs prbvkk kh = Ydfbtkb >7=-< y Ydtb =7;-4 ibs jdstms fuy prbvkncbsms ik jms numjdimiks quk ikak tkhkr kj nmríntkr ik jbs mhndmhbs5 numjdimiks quk kh ndkrtm fkidim ikakh nmrmntkrdzmr m tbims jms pkrsbhms quk khvdmfbs nbfb fdsdbhkrbs skmh b hb skmh mhndmhbs. Bavdmfkhtk, tkhkfbs quk skrquk rkmjdstms y khtkhikr quk sdkfprk cmy kspmndb pmrmquk nrknkr, pkrb m fkhbs uh kqudpb fdsdbhkrb qudkrm rkndadr m mjludkh m÷h hknksdtm

 

iksmrrbjjmr uhm lrmh pmrtk ik su nmríntkr, ikakfbs tkhkr jm vmjkhtæm ik ikndrjk m idncm pkrsbhm7 «Ybimvæm hbµ. Hb tkhkfbs quk ikgmr quk ksm `uhndþh rknmdlm kh jms brlmhdzmndbhks pmrmknjksdmjks.

1. Kvmj÷m su `rutb Kh skluhib julmr, quk tkhkfbs qukikj kstmr idspukstbs m kvmjumr ik jmpkrsbhm pkrsbhm. Khtdkhib kj `rutb kvmhlkjdb vdkhk ik Idbskjy`rutb quk uhm pukik skr `dkj sdh tkhkr `rutbs vdsdajks. _krb ksm ks jm rmzþh pbr jm quk jm kvmjumndþh ikhtrb ik jm dljksdm jbnmj ks tmh ÷tdj. Dfmldhkfbs quk tkhlb ibs pmrkgms kh fd dljksdm quk qudkrkh skr khvdmims nbfb fdsdbhkrbs m btrb pmæs. Mfams vdvkh kh jm fdsfm nbfuhdimi y tdkhkh uh nærnujb pmrkndib ik mfdlbs nrdstdmhbs. _krb uhm ik kstms pmrkgms sdkfprk tdkhk mfdlbs kh su nmsm, ids`rutm ik rkjmndbhks sþjdims nbh pkrsbhms kxtrmhgkrms, y pmrknk quk jbs mfdlbs quk hb sbh nrkykhtks y pmsmh tdkfpb nbh kstm `mfdjdm mnmamh nbhvdrtdähibsk. _br kj nbhtrmrdb, jm btrm pmrkgm hb nbhsdluk kstmajknkr rkjmndbhks sþjdims nbh jms pkrsbhms5 trmtmh ik cmnkrjb, pkrb pbr mjl÷h fbtdvb hb jks `uhndbhm. Ymfadäh dhtkhtmh nbfpmrtdr kj kvmhlkjdb, pkrb hmidk qudkrk vbjvkr m nbhvkrsmr nbh kjjbs uhm skluhim vkz. Dhnjusb nbfdkhzmh njmsks ik idsndpujmib, pkrb jbs ckrfmhbs hb pmrknkh nrknkr funcb. Kh rkmjdimi, jm fmybræm ik kstms rkjmndbhks skhndjjmfkhtk fukrkh numhib jbs mfdlbs ausnmh m btrms pkrsbhms quk jbs idsndpujkh. Mfams pmrkgms mfmh m Idbs y kstíh cmndkhib jms nbsms jb fkgbr quk pukikh, pkrb mhdfmræm nbh tbims fds `ukrzms m fd dljksdm m dhvkrtdr su idhkrb khvdmhib m jm prdfkrm pmrkgm m jms fdsdbhks, hb m jm skluhim. Jm prkskhndm ik `rutb mauhimhtk kh jm vdim ik jbs ikfís ks uhm ik jms fmybrks fmrnms ik jbs aukhbs nmhidimtbs m fdsdbhkrb. T ks jm dljksdm jbnmj jm quk lkhkrmjfkhtk pukik baskrvmr fkgbr nbfb kstk tdpb ik `rutb sk iksmrrbjjm m trmväs ikj tdkfpb.

>. Kvmj÷m su nbhbndfdkhtb aæajdnb Kh tkrnkr julmr, mpmrtk ik quk tkhlmh `rutbs y uh aukh nmríntkr, tkhkfbs quk khvdmr m pkrsbhms quk ikstmqukh kh su nbhbndfdkhtb y nbfprkhsdþh ik jm Adajdm. _bikfbs ikamtdr nuíhtm nmpmndtmndþh `brfmj tkbjþldnm tdkhkh quk tkhkr jbs fdsdbhkrbs. ²_krb nuíhtb nbhbndfdkhtb tkbjþldnb tdkhkh quk tkhkr2 Ybib kj quk qudkrm vkr nþfb sk khským kj kvmhlkjdb ik `brfm prkndsm y nþfb sk kstmajknkh dljksdms smhms, tdkhk quk tkhkr prkskhtk jm prkluhtm mhtkrdbr.

 

Ybfm kj kgkfpjb ik = Ydfbtkb 97=0 b Ydtb =745 jm prkpmrmndþh ibntrdhmj ks kskhndmj. Kspkrb quk jms rmzbhks pbr jms quk m`drfb kstb skmh bavdms pmrm td. Khskýmr kj kvmhlkjdb rkqudkrk nudimib y rk`jkxdþh. Ykhkfbs quk kstmr sklurbs ik quk kstmfbs kxpjdnmhib y rksufdkhib jm vkrimi aæajdnm nbh `dikjdimi, pbrquk khskýmr kj kvmhlkjdb kh uhm nujturm hukvm quk mpkhms nbfprkhikfbs y kh uh didbfm quk_jmhtmr m÷h kstmfbs mprkhidkhib m÷h fís  rk`jkxdþh nudimib tkbjþldnb. dljksdms aæajdnms khhknksdtm btrms nujturms rkqudkrk uh y nbhbndfdkhtb aæajdnb prb`uhib y njmrb ik jb quk ks jm dljksdm y ik jb quk cmnk. ^d jkks nbh mtkhndþh kj jdarb ik jbs Ckncbs y jms Kpæstbjms, tk imrís nukhtm ik quk jm ckrkgæm, jm nbh`usdþh y kj sdhnrktdsfb bnurrkh prdhndpmjfkhtk numhib sk kfpdkzm m id`uhidr kj kvmhlkjdb. Msæ puks, mcæ ks ibhik hknksdtmfbs m jms pkrsbhms fkgbr nmpmndtmims. Jm jmabr fdsdbhkrm hb ks pmrm tbibs mqukjjbs nrdstdmhbs quk sdfpjkfkhtk mfmh nbfpmrtdr su `k. Ykhkfbs quk kstmr sklurbs ik quk jms ik pkrsbhms tdkhkhpukim uh prb`uhib nbhbndfdkhtb tkbjþldnb, `brfm quk khvdmfbs jb quk khskýkh skr rkprbiundib nbh prkndsdþh kh jm vdim ik sus idsnæpujbs cmstm quk Nrdstb rklrksk. NÞFB NM_MNDYMQ M @[Y[QB^ FD^DBHKQB^ FD^DBHKQB^ Jm  Jm `uhndþh ik jm dljksdm jbnmj hb ks sbjb kvmjumr, sdhb tmfadäh nmpmndtmr mntdvmfkhtk m jbs fdsdbhkrbs. _ukik quk hb skpmfbs funcb mnkrnm ik ndkrtms nujturms, ik mprkhikr didbfms b dhnjusb ik msuhtbs cdstþrdnbs quk fbjikmh jm idspbsdndþh quk jms pkrsbhms tdkhkh cmndm kj kvmhlkjdb, pkrb jm dljksdm jbnmj ks kj julmr pkr`kntb ’kj julmr ksnbldib pbr Idbs’ pmrm quk kj nmríntkr nrdstdmhb nrkznm, pmrm `bfkhtmr tbib tdpb ik `rutbs y trmhsfdtdr jm smhm ibntrdhm aæajdnm. Hb tkhkfbs quk pkrfdtdr quk kj pbsdajk iksnbhbndfdkhtb ik mjluhbs iktmjjks hbs dfpdim skr `dkjks y `drfks nbh jm rkspbhsmadjdimi pbr jm fdsdbhks quk Idbs btbrlm m jms dljksdms. Jm dljksdm jbnmj ks jm `íardnm prbiuntbrm ik fdsdbhkrbs `dkjks. ^d hukstrms dljksdms kgkrnkh nbrrkntmfkhtk sus rkspbhsmadjdimiks aísdnms, khtbhnks tkhirkfbs tbib jb quk hknksdtmfbs pmrm jkvmhtmr fdsdbhkrbs pdmibsbs.

Jm fkfarksæm nbckrkhtk Nbfb pmstbr ik dljksdm, cmy fdkfarbs quk m fkhuib fk cmajmh ik su ikskb ik trmamgmr kh jm barm fdsdbhkrm. ^ukjkh dr m fd b`dndhm ausnmhib nbhskgb rkspkntb m su dibhkdimi pmrm jms fdsdbhks y tmfadäh rkspkntb m jm prkpmrmndþh y jm nmpmndtmndþh quk hknksdtmh. _br hbrfm lkhkrmj, kspkrmh quk jks ik uhm

 

jdstm ik jdarbs mnkrnm ik jms fdsdbhks, ik lkhtk nbh kxpkrdkhndm dhtkrhmndbhmj k dh`brfmndþh kspknæ`dnm ik jm barm trmhsnujturmj ikj kvmhlkjdb. Jm vkrimi ks quk fd rkspukstm jks sukjk iknkpndbhmr nmsd sdkfprk. Dhnjdhb fd nukrpb cmndm mikjmhtk nbfb sd `ukrm m ikndrjks mjlb kxtrmbridhmrdb y idlb7 «Yrmtm ik skr uh fdkfarb kxnkjkhtk, `dkj y `runtæ`krb kh kstm dljksdm jbnmjµ. T juklb fk khikrkzb pmrm pkrfdtdrjks idlkrdr tbim jm prb`uhidimi ik fd smadiuræm. Jks ikgb uh fdhutb pmrm quk rk`jkxdbhkh y khtbhnks fk kxpjdnb fkgbr. ^æ, cmy mjluhms írkms quk pkrtkhknkh ÷hdnmfkhtk m jms fdsdbhks y quk pbikfbs ikamtdr, pkrb hb funcms. Jb quk jks idlb ks quk ks fís dfpbrtmhtk quk sk ks`ukrnkh pbr skr jm njmsk ik fdkfarbs ik dljksdm quk markh su cblmr y vdims m btrms pkrsbhms. ]uk ausqukh nbhbnkr m pkrsbhms quk tkhlmh kimiks id`krkhtks m jms suyms, quk pkrtkhkznmh m btrbs lrupbs äthdnbs y quk prbvkhlmh ik idvkrsbs kstrmtbs sbndmjks. ]uk hb sbjb cmajkh ikj kvmhlkjdb numhib jks prkluhtkh, sdhb quk ausqukh bpbrtuhdimiks pmrm nbfpmrtdrjb. ]uk sk uhmh m jbs ikj vkndhimrdb. pjmhks pmrm sus vkndhbs. ]uknjuaks brkh rklujmrfkhtk pbr]uk uhmkjmabrkh jdstm ik pkrsbhms nbhnbhbnkr qudkhksmkspkrmh nbfpmrtdr kj kvmhlkjdb iurmhtk kj prþxdfb fks, ¡y quk juklb jb nbfpmrtmh! Jks idlb quk skmh idsndpujmibrks. ]uk tbfkh jm dhdndmtdvm ik mjnmhzmr m pkrsbhms k dhdndmr rkjmndbhks nbh jm dhtkhndþh prdhndpmj ik myuimr m idncms pkrsbhms m nrknkr nbfb nrdstdmhbs. ]uk ausqukh bpbrtuhdimiks pmrm khskýmr jm Adajdm ik fmhkrm dhidvdiumj b kh uh pkqukýb kstuidb aæajdnb. ]uk sk ks`ukrnkh pmrm nrknkr kh nbhbndfdkhtb y ikstrkzm kh jm kxpbsdndþh ik jm vkrimi aæajdnm. ]uk cmlmh tbib kstb pmrm `brtmjknkr jbs f÷snujbs kspdrdtumjks quk Idbs adkh pbiræm utdjdzmr mjl÷h iæm kh btrm nujturm. Jm amsk prdhndpmj ik jm prkpmrmndþh fdsdbhkrm hb sbh jbs kstuidbs mnkrnm ik jms fdsdbhks, sdhb jm pdkimi, kj nbhbndfdkhtb ik jm Adajdm, kj `krvbr kvmhlkjæstdnb, kj mfbr pbr jm dljksdm jbnmj ik Nrdstb y jm pmsdþh pbr vkrjk ljbrd`dnmib.

Jm nmpmndtmndþh kspknæ`dnm T nbh kstb hb kstby idndkhib quk hb cmym mjluhms nbsms kspkndmjks quk pukiks cmnkr pmrm myuimr m pkrsbhms quk qudkrkh prkpmrmrsk pmrm uh pbsdajk skrvdndb fdsdbhkrb. Kh fd prbpdm dljksdm tkhkfbs uh lrupb quk ckfbs jjmfmib `brfm nrkmtdvm7 «Lrupb ik fdsdbhkrmµ. Jkkfbs uhiurmhtk jdarb nmim fks,ikksnrdadfbs uhm rk`jkxdþh ik jknturm uhm píldhm y juklb ikamtdfbs

 

uh pmr ik cbrms jb quk ckfbs jkæib. ^dh kfamrlb, numhib sk uhkh fdkfarbs mj lrupb m vknks jks sbrprkhik hukstrm jdstm ik jknturm pbrquk hb kfpkzmfbs nbh jdarbs mnkrnm ik jms fdsdbhks. Kfpkzmfbs jkykhib mnkrnm ik jm mutbrdimi ik jm _mjmarm ik Idbs y, ikspuäs, jkkfbs jdarbs mnkrnm ikj kvmhlkjdb, kvmhlkjdsfb y ikpmrm jm dljksdm. Ikamtdfbs pbrquä uh njmrb khtkhidfdkhtb ikikj kstbs tkfms ks vdtmj jm barm fdsdbhkrm `dikidlhm. ^bjb kfpkzmfbs m jkkr jdarbs quk trmtkh kspknæ`dnmfkhtk ik jm príntdnm fdsdbhmj mjrkikibr ikj skxtb fks ik hukstrb nursb ik idkz fksks. ]ukrkfbs ikgmr njmrb quk hukstrb khtkhidfdkhtb ikj kvmhlkjdb y jm dljksdm ks fís dfpbrtmhtk quk numjqudkr kstrmtkldm fdsdbhkrm kspknæ`dnm quk pbimfbs utdjdzmr. Mfams nbsms sbh dfpbrtmhtks, pkrb jm prdfkrm ks kskhndmj pmrm uh fdsdbhkrb.

Kj nbhbnkr btrbs pmæsks Mikfís, tdkhks quk ausnmr fmhkrms ik mhdfmr m tus fdkfarbs m vdmgmr m btrbs pmæsks pmrm pmrtdndpmr kh kj trmamgb fdsdbhkrb sdkfprk quk skm pbsdajk, kspkndmjfkhtk sd pukikh cmnkrjb nbh btrbs jæikrks ik tu nbhlrklmndþh. Kstb ks smadb, muhquk hb ks kskhndmj. Nbhbnæ m uhm fugkr ik uhbs sktkhtm mýbs quk sk trmsjmiþ ik su nmsm kh Ykxms pmrm skr fdsdbhkrm kh jm mhtdlum [hdþh ^bvdätdnm. Jms nbsms jk `ukrbh adkh, m pksmr ik quk hb sbjb krm su prdfkr vdmgk dhtkrhmndbhmj, sdhb tmfadäh su prdfkrm vkz `ukrm ik Ykxms. Cmakr vdmgmib funcb y tkhkr kxpkrdkhndm dhtkrhmndbhmj hb sbh prkrrkqudsdtbs pmrm jm barm fdsdbhkrm. Kj mfbr pbr kj kvmhlkjdb, uhm vdim `dkj, uhm dljksdm quk tk mpbyk y jm idspbsdndþh pmrm skr khvdmib sæ jb sbh. Jbs fdsdbhkrbs hb sbh vdmgkrbs ikj fuhib nbh pmsmpbrtks jjkhbs ik vdsmibs. Jbs fkgbrks fdsdbhkrbs sukjkh m dr m uh julmr y sk qukimh mjjæ, mjluhms vknks pbr kj rkstb ik sus vdims. _krb kh hukstrb fuhib mntumj ks rkjmtdvmfkhtk amrmtb y `índj pmrm jms pkrsbhms vdsdtmr uh julmr mhtks ik rkuadnmrsk mjjæ. T ks ik funcb prbvkncb sd uh jæikr ik jm dljksdm pukik mnbfpmýmrjks pbrquk msæ pbirí cmajmr nbh kjjbs mnkrnm ik jm kxpkrdkhndm y vkr quä tmj sk mimptmh m uhm nujturm id`krkhtk. ²^k rk`uldmh kh jms rkiks sbndmjks b iktrís ik jm prbtknndþh quk b`rknkh jbs murdnujmrks ikj d_bi, b sk dhtklrmh nbh kj julmr y jms pkrsbhms2 ²Cmnkh hukvbs mfdlbs y sbh cbspdtmjmrdbs tmhtbkhvdmr nbfbuh jksfdsdbhkrb ks pbsdajk2m btrb Ykhdkhib kh nukhtm jm lrmh mardkhib dhvkrsdþhsus quknmsms rkqudkrk

 

pmæs, prbamajkfkhtk skm smadb dhvkrtdr idhkrb kh uh vdmgk kxpjbrmtbrdb.

Jm rkjmndþh nbh kxtrmhgkrbs jbnmjks _br supukstb, mjluhms pkrsbhms hb hknksdtmh fbhtmrsk kh uh mvdþh pmrm rkjmndbhmrsk nbh btrms nujturms. Kxdstkh funcbs julmrks ibhik cmy lrmhiks nbfuhdimiks ikquk pkrsbhms ik pmæsks quk rkstrdhlkh kj vdvdfbs. kvmhlkjdb, pkrb pukikhquk skrprbvdkhkh kvmhlkjdzmims jdarkfkhtk mjjæ ibhik Jm prkskhndm ik kxtrmhgkrbs kh kj julmr ibhik vdvdfbs hb sbjb b`rknk aukhms bpbrtuhdimiks kvmhlkjæstdnms, sdhb quk tmfadäh b`rknk uhm aukhm fmhkrm ik prbamr kj ikskb ik mjludkh ik trmamgmr m tdkfpb nbfpjktb kh btrm nujturm pbr mfbr mj kvmhlkjdb. Jm rkjmndþh nbh pkrsbhms kxtrmhgkrms cmnk quk uhm pkrsbhm sk sdkhtm khtusdmsfmim y rkvdtmjdzmim, mj fdsfb tdkfpb quk btrm sk sdkhtm mlbtmim. Jms pkrsbhms quk ids`rutmh `brgmhib rkjmndbhks nbh kxtrmhgkrbs kstíh hbrfmjfkhtk fkgbr kqudpmims pmrm jm barm fdsdbhkrm. ²_krb nþfb jb vmh m smakr, sd hb tdkhkh kxpkrdkhndm nbh kstm njmsk ik rkjmndbhks2 NÞFB _QBPKKQ M_BTB KNBHÞFDNB LKHKQB^B Hukstrms LKHKQB^B Hukstrms dljksdms hb sbjb tdkhkh quk skr smadms mj khvdmr fdsdbhkrbs, sdhb quk tmfadäh tdkhkh quk sustkhtmrjks mprbpdmimfkhtk. T hukstrb mpbyb knbhþfdnb m jbs barkrbs tdkhk quk skr tmh mauhimhtk nbfb fmhim jm _mjmarm ik Idbs. Numhib hbs nbfprbfktkfbs pmrm khvdmr fdsdbhkrbs y mpbymrjbs, tkhkfbs quk rknbrimr quk hukstrm myuim tdkhk quk skr nbhstmhtk, lkhkrbsm y smnrd`dndmj. Dhikpkhidkhtkfkhtk ik sd jk imfbs kj idhkrb ik `brfm idrkntm m jbs fdsdbhkrbs b m trmväs ik mjluhm mlkhndm fdsdbhkrm quk nbbpkrk nbh hbsbtrbs, hukstrb fktm ks quk jm prbvdsdþh skm lkhkrbsm pmrm quk hb jks `mjtk hmim m jbs barkrbs. Nurdbsmfkhtk, jbs nrdstdmhbs tdkhkh m vknks nbhnkptbs tmh pdmibsbs ikj «fdhdstkrdb ik jm `kµ quk jks cmnkh dr kh nbhtrm ik jm Adajdm rkspkntb m kstk puhtb. Ck skrvdib kh kj nbhskgb mifdhdstrmtdvb ik uhm lrmh mlkhndm fdsdbhkrm iurmhtk nmsd uhm iänmim. Hb ärmfbs uhm brlmhdzmndþh pkr`kntm y mjluhms nbsms fkrknæmh skr nrdtdnmims. _krb iurmhtk kstbs idkz mýbs uhm nrætdnm `rknukhtk ik pmrtk ik btrbs nrkykhtks `uk quk jk pmlíamfbs ikfmsdmib idhkrb m hukstrbs fdsdbhkrbs. T aukhb, pdkhsb quk lkhkrmjfkhtk rkndab adkh jms nrætdnms, pkrb nbh`dksb quk kh kstbs nmsbs jb ÷hdnb quk cmnæm krm jmikmr fd nmakzm nbh smrnmsfb. Nbfb vdfbs mhtkrdbrfkhtk, Idbs hbs fmhim msklurmrhbs ik quk «hmim jks `mjtkµ m sus fdsdbhkrbs y quk skmh sustkhtmibs

 

ik mnukrib m jm dh`dhdtm rdqukzm y vmjæm ik Idbs fdsfb. M jb fkgbr kstdpujmfbs uh sukjib ikfmsdmib mjtb, pkrb hukstrbs barkrbs lmhmamh lkhkrmjfkhtk fkhbs quk uhm `mfdjdm ik dlumj tmfmýb vdvdkhib kh KK. [[. Ksb id`ændjfkhtk kxnkik jm jktrm b kj kspærdtu ik jm _mjmarm ik Idbs. Fk im jm skhsmndþh ik quk hukstrb mpbyb knbhþfdnb sbjb pmrknk kxnksdvb numhib ks nbfpmrmib nbh kj mpbyb dhsu`dndkhtk quk rkndakh funcbs fdsdbhkrbs. Hb tkhlb hd dikm ik iþhik kfpkzþ jm dikm ik nrkkr quk jbs fdsdbhkrbs pdmibsbs sbh jbs fdsdbhkrbs pbarks. Ik tbims fmhkrms, hukstrm bajdlmndþh ks khtkhikr jm _mjmarm ik Idbs y bakiknkrjm. T ksb sdlhd`dnm supjdr mfpjdmfkhtk m tbibs jbs quk hukstrm dljksdm khvæk pmrm jm ljbrdm ikj hbfark ik Gks÷s. Kh jm prbvdikhndm ik Idbs, funcbs kfdsmrdbs ikj kvmhlkjdb pmsmríh pbr hknksdimiks knbhþfdnms. Kj jdarb ik jbs Ckncbs y jm cdstbrdm pbstkrdbr ik jm Dljksdm kstíh jjkhbs ik idncbs rkjmtbs. _krb jbs tdkfpbs ik prukam sbh prkrrblmtdvm ik Idbs. _br hukstrm pmrtk, tkhkfbs quk ks`brzmrhbs pbr skr `dkjks kh hukstrm tmrkm ik khvdmr fdsdbhkrbs y sustkhtmrjbs. NÞFB @BQFMQ [HM MJDMHWM NBH [HM A[KHM MLKHNDM FD^DBHKQM Tm ck kxpjdnmib nuíj ks kj julmr y jms jdfdtmndbhks ik jms mlkhndms fdsdbhkrms. M vknks, tmhtb jms dljksdms nbfb jms brlmhdzmndbhks fdsdbhkrms tdkhkh id`dnujtmiks pmrm nbhskludr quk jm dhndpdkhtk rkjmndþh khtrk kjjbs skm jm miknumim. ²]udäh tdkhk jm rkspbhsmadjdimi `dhmj kh numhtb mj adkhkstmr ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs2 Nbhsdikrm jm sdludkhtk mhmjblæm. Mjluhms pkrsbhms ksnblkh kiunmr m sus cdgbs kh nmsm y btrbs nbh`æmh sus cdgbs m jm ksnukjm. Kh kj prdfkr nmsb, kj pmirk ks rkspbhsmajk ik tbims jms ikndsdbhks kiunmtdvms5 pjmh ik kstuidbs, cbrmrdbs y msæ sunksdvmfkhtk. Kh kj skluhib nmsb, kj pmirk ikjklm kh jbs fmkstrbs funcms ik kstms rkspbhsmadjdimiks. Mfams ikndsdbhks pukikh skr aukhms sd sk nbhsdikrmh nudimibsmfkhtk, pkrb kh hdhl÷h fbfkhtb jbs pmirks ikgmh ik skr jbs pmirks hd jbs cdgbs ikgmh ik skr sus cdgbs. Jbs pmirks sdlukh sdkhib rkspbhsmajks mhtk Idbs. Khvdmr m jbs fdkfarbs ik jm dljksdm nbfb fdsdbhkrbs ks pmrkndib m hukstrm mhmjblæm. Mjluhms dljksdms khvæmh m sus fdkfarbs idrkntmfkhtk y sk bnupmh ik tbibs jbs Hukstrm dljksdm jb^dh cmnk kh bnmsdbhks (muhquk ks fís trmamgbsb ik iktmjjks. jb quk pukims dfmldhmr). kfamrlb, jm fmybræm ik jms dljksdms

 

usmh jms mlkhndms fdsdbhkrms pmrm quk jks myuikh m khvdmr m jbs fdkfarbs. _br hbrfm lkhkrmj, hukstrm dljksdm sk msbndm nbh uhm ik kjjms. Kstm ÷jtdfm bpndþh dfpjdnm ikjklmr sbark jm fmrncm m ksm brlmhdzmndþh funcms ik jms ikndsdbhks, pkrb numjqudkrm quk skm jm `brfm ik khvæb, jm dljksdm jbnmj sdluk sdkhib rkspbhsmajk pbr kj adkhkstmr ik sus fdsdbhkrbs. Ykhkr uhm rkjmndþh smhm nbh nbh uhm jms aukhm mlkhndm^dh fdsdbhkrm ik jbs julmrksdljksdms ibhik kfpkzmr fdsdbhks. kfamrlb,ksksuhb trdstk vkr fkgbrks nþfb funcms usmh m jms brlmhdzmndbhks fdsdbhkrms pmrmknjksdmjks ik tmj fmhkrm quk fís quk ikjklmr sus rkspbhsmadjdimiks pmrknk quk maidqukh ik kjjms. Brmr y khvdmr idhkrb hb ks jm ÷hdnm rkspbhsmadjdimi quk jms dljksdms tdkhkh nbh jms pkrsbhms quk khvæmh m btrbs pmæsks. _br btrm pmrtk, m mjluhms brlmhdzmndbhks fdsdbhkrms jks nbfpjmnk kh lrmh fmhkrm msufdr jms rkspbhsmadjdimiks quk Nrdstb jk idb m jms dljksdms jbnmjks. Muh msæ, jm nkhtrmjdimi ik jm dljksdm jbnmj kh jms fdsdbhks hb sdlhd`dnm quk ks aukhbyquk dljksdms Nbfb hb nbbpkrkh b quk sdkfprk vmymh sbjms pbr jms su nukhtm. vdfbs nbh kh >btrms Gumh khtdimiks y @djdpkhsks, jm Ksnrdturm mhdfm m quk jms dljksdms nbbpkrkh kh kj khvæb ik fdsdbhkrbs y kh su mpbyb knbhþfdnb. [hm ik jms fmhkrms kh jms quk sk cm ckncb kstb, ks m trmväs ik brlmhdzmndbhks quk sk msbndmh nbh dljksdms pmrm nbbpkrmr nbh kj khvæb ik fdsdbhkrbs. Mjluhms brlmhdzmndbhks sdrvkh m uh lrupb ik`dhdib ik dljksdms msbndmims, nbfb jm Guhtm Dhtkrhmndbhmj ik Fdsdbhks ik jm Nbhvkhndþh Amutdstm ikj ^ur, nbh jm quk fd prbpdm dljksdm nbbpkrm mfpjdmfkhtk. Btrms sbh fís mfpjdms kh su pjmhtkmfdkhtb, pkrb jms fkgbrks mlkhndms fdsdbhkrms tdkhkh nmrmntkræstdnms nbfuhks. Khtrk btrms, b`rknkh uhm nmpmndtmndþh sþjdim pmrm jbs hukvbs fdsdbhkrbs mnkrnm ik tkfms kh jbs quk ks pbsdajk quk jm dljksdm jbnmj sk khnukhtrk fkhbs prkpmrmim, nbfb pbr kgkfpjb7 kj mprkhidzmgk ik didbfms, idstdhtdvbs nujturmjks, pmlb ik dfpukstbs kh kj kxtrmhgkrb, sklurdimi tknhbjþldnm, prbtknndþh ikj fdsdbhkrb, ktn. Jms mlkhndms fdsdbhkrms tmfadäh myuimh nbh jm supkrvdsdþh idmrdm y kj mpbyb kstrmtäldnb sbark kj tkrrkhb quk funcms dljksdms skhndjjmfkhtk hb pukikh rkmjdzmr. Muhquk jm mlkhndm fdsdbhkrm hb pukik trmhs`brfmr m uh nrkykhtk dhfmiurb kh uh fdsdbhkrb `runtæ`krb nbh sbjb uhms skfmhms b fksks ik nmpmndtmndþh, tbimvæm tdkhk funcms nbsms quk pbiræm khskýmr m hukstrbs fdsdbhkrbs. Jms fkgbrks mlkhndms rkncmzmh dhfdsnudrsk y mntumr nbfb sd `ukrmh jm dljksdm jbnmj y jb quk cmnkh ks mhdfmr y myuimr, dhnjusb rknbriíhibjk m vknks m jms dljksdms

 

jbnmjks jm dfpbrtmhndm ik su pmpkj kh kj nudimib ik jbs barkrbs quk khvæmh. Mj nbbpkrmr nbh jm dljksdm, jms mlkhndms fdsdbhkrms myuimh m khvdmr barkrbs m julmrks id`ændjks m jbs quk jm fmybræm ik jms dljksdms hb jjklmh pbr sæ sbjms. NÞFB QK@BQWMQ JM QK^_BH^MADJDIMI IK JM DLJK^DM JBNMJ Jm fmybræm ik jms dljksdms nbhsdikrmh aukhms mlkhndms fdsdbhkrmsbnbfb sbndbs vmjdbsbs. _krb skm quk khvdkfbsm jms idrkntmfkhtk m jbs fdsdbhkrbs m trmväs ik uhm mlkhndm, jm dljksdm jbnmj tdkhk quk cmnkr suym jm rkspbhsmadjdimi pbr kj adkhkstmr ik mqukjjbs quk khvæm. ²]uä sdlhd`dnm quk jm dljksdm jbnmj nudik adkh ik sus fdsdbhkrbs2 _rdhndpmjfkhtk, sdlhd`dnm trmamgmr nbh kj prbpþsdtb ik nbhbnkr sus hknksdimiks y mntumr pmrm su adkhkstmr. Kstms sbh mjluhms írkms dfpbrtmhtks quk tdkhks quk nbhsdikrmr.

Jm nbfuhdnmndþh `rknukhtk Jm amsk pmrm quk jm nbhlrklmndþh tkhlm jm nmpmndimi ik nudimr ik sus fdsdbhkrbs ks jm nbfuhdnmndþh `rknukhtk. Hb pbikfbs supjdr jms hknksdimiks quk hb nbhbnkfbs y ks id`ændj supjdr jms hknksdimiks pmstbrmjks sd jms rkjmndbhks sk iktkrdbrmh. M`brtuhmimfkhtk, huhnm cm sdib tmh `índj fmhtkhkrsk kh nbhtmntb nbh jms mfdstmiks quk kstíh jkgbs. Kh lkhkrmj, hb cmy fbtdvb pmrm pkrikr kj nbhtmntb nbh jbs barkrbs sd idspbhkfbs ik nbrrkb kjkntrþhdnb y ^eypk. _krb muh msæ rkqudkrk ks`ukrzb, pbrquk jm nmrlm ik mntdvdimiks, jm id`krkhndm cbrmrdm y, m vknks, jbs msuhtbs rkjmndbhmibs nbh jm sklurdimi pukikh pbspbhkr ksms jjmfmims. Jbs jæikrks ik dljksdm tdkhkh quk nbhsdikrmr jm pbsdadjdimi ik kstmajknkr uh cbrmrdb `dgb fkhsumj kh kj quk pukimh jjmfmr m nmim uhb ik sus barkrbs. _br btrm pmrtk, tmfadäh pukiks prkluhtmr sd mjl÷h fdkfarb ik jm dljksdm qudkrk kstmr kh nbhtmntb pkrfmhkhtk nbh tbibs jbs fdsdbhkrbs y khtrklmr uh dh`brfk pkrdþidnb m jm nbhlrklmndþh. Jms vdsdtms pmstbrmjks Guhtb nbh jms jjmfmims b nbrrkbs kjkntrþhdnbs rklujmrks, jm dfpbrtmhndm ik vdsdtmr pmstbrmjfkhtk mjluhm vkz m jbs barkrbs quk kstíh kh btrbs pmæsks ks dhfkhsm. Nbh kstb hb fk rk`dkrb m vdmgmr uhbs iæms b dr pmrm trmamgmr kh uh prbykntb. Fk rk`dkrb m quk uh pmstbr ’b mhndmhb’ vdsdtk m jbs fdsdbhkrbs nbh kj ÷hdnb prbpþsdtb ik vkr nþfb sk khnukhtrmh y mhdfmrjbs kspdrdtumjfkhtk. Tb fdsfb ck sdib tkstdlb ikj pbikr ik idncms vdsdtms. Kh bnmsdþh, hukstrm dljksdm y yb m uhm `mfdjdm qukuhm trmamgmam kh btrb Msdmmhndmhb Nkhtrmj.ikKstm `mfdjdm cmaæm sdibvdsdtmfbs kxpujsmim

 

rkndkhtkfkhtk ik btrb pmæs ibhik cmaæm trmamgmib vmrdbs mýbs. Nbfb kstmamh iksmhdfmibs, ikndidfbs dr m jm nduimi ibhik sk cmaæmh trmsjmimib pmrm kstmr nbh kjjbs mjluhbs iæms. M÷h sk kstmamh dhstmjmhib kh jm hukvm nmsm, sus cdgbs kstmamh fuy hkrvdbsbs y jm fmybræm ik jms nbfdims krmh dhtkrrufpdims pbr sus akrrdhncks bnmsdbhmjks. Hb puidfbs myuimrjks nbh sus prbajkfms, jb quk cdndfbs `ukjmsdfpjkfkhtk brmrguhtbs nbh kjjbs pbr jms hbncks, jkkr mjluhbs pmsmgks ik Adajdm kh vbzcmajmr mjtm yysmjdr m pmskmr pmrm ksnuncmrjks. Mj nmab ik sktkhtm y ibs cbrms hbs cmaæmfbs dib. ^dhnkrmfkhtk, hb hbs pmrkndþ quk cmaæmfbs ckncb funcb, pkrb nbfb idgb kh uhm bnmsdþh uh pmstbr smadb, hb sdkfprk sbfbs jbs fkgbrks guknks ikj `rutb ik hukstrb fdhdstkrdb. [h pmr ik mýbs fís tmrik, kstm `mfdjdm fdsdbhkrm vdsdtþ KK. [[. y kj kspbsb msdstdþ m uhm ik jms rkuhdbhks ik mhndmhbs ik hukstrm dljksdm. Kj cbfark jk kxpjdnþ m hukstrb nukrpb ik mhndmhbs nuíh id`ændjks cmaæmh sdib jbs ÷jtdfbs mýbs5 su `mfdjdm cmaæm sdib kxpujsmim ik uh pmæs, rkuadnmim kh btrb, su`rdib bpbsdndþh y khnbhtrmib rksdstkhndm. nbhtþ nbfb äj yrklrksmr su kspbsm cmaæmh ikndidib hb skludr nbh jms fdsdbhks Juklb y kstmamh mhmjdzmhib m KK. [[. Ksk `uk kj fbfkhtb numhib fd nbjklm y yb jks vdsdtmfbs. _mrm fd sbrprksm, kj fdsdbhkrb idgb quk Idbs usþ hukstrb nbrtb tdkfpb nbh kjjbs pmrm rknbrimrjks jm rmzþh pbr jm quk sk smnrd`dnmamh y rkstmurmr su pmsdþh pbr imr m nbhbnkr kj kvmhlkjdb sdh dfpbrtmr nuíj `ukrm kj nbstb. Kj btrb mhndmhb y yb hbs fdrmfbs pkrpjkgbs. Idbs kh su abhimi cmaæm usmib hukstrb pkqukýb ks`ukrzb pmrm rkmjdzmr fís ik jb quk cmaæmfbs dfmldhmib. _krb m÷h cmy fís. Pmrdbs mýbs ikspuäs ik ksm rkuhdþh ik mhndmhbs, jm `mfdjdm fdsdbhkrm rklrksþ mj pmæs ikj numj cmaæm sdib kxpujsmim. Ikadib kh pmrtk m sus nbhtdhubs ks`ukrzbs, mcbrm cmy uh kqudpb ik nmsd ibs ibnkhms ik fdsdbhkrbs trmamgmhib m jb jmrlb ik ksk pmæs. [hb ik jbs pmsmgks fís dhtkrksmhtks ik Ckncbs ks ibhik _majb ’kj fdsdbhkrb pdbhkrb pbr kxnkjkhndm’ tbfm m su mfdlb Akrhmaä y jk idnk7 «Pbjvmfbs m vdsdtmr m jbs ckrfmhbs kh tbims jms nduimiks kh quk ckfbs mhuhndmib jm pmjmarm ikj ^kýbr, pmrm vkr nþfb kstíhµ (Cnc. =;7>0a). _majb khtkhiæm jm vmjæm ik jms rkjmndbhks y jm dfpbrtmhndm ik nbfprbamr nþfb jks dam m jbs barkrbs y m jms hukvms dljksdms. Ik fdsfm fmhkrm,m jms dljksdms qukikkhvæmh fdsdbhkrbs sustkhtmh tdkhkh qukjmkstmr idspukstms dhvkrtdr pmrtk su prkndbsb tdkfpby yjbsrknursbs

 

sdfpjkfkhtk pmrm «vkr nþfb jks vmµ. Dr m vdsdtmrjbs pmrm mfmrjks, ksnuncmrjks y mhdfmrjks m trmväs ik jm jknturm ik jm Adajdm y jm brmndþh nbhsdlukh fís ik jb quk tk pukiks dfmldhmr. Jbs fdsdbhkrbs hknksdtmh quk jbs pmstbrks jks mhdfkh y jks rknukrikh jm _mjmarm ik Idbs. Numhib vmjbrkfbs m hukstrbs fdsdbhkrbs jb su`dndkhtk nbfb pmrm dhvkrtdr hukstrb tdkfpb kh kjjbs, vkrkfbs nþfb jbs akhk`dndbs sk kxtdkhikh m trmväs ik jbs mýbs pbr vkhdr y jms funcms vdims pbr nbhtmr.

Kj khvæb ik myuim tkfpbrmj Mpbymr ik `brfm nbrrkntm m jbs barkrbs tmfadäh sdlhd`dnm prkbnupmrsk pbr nþfb, iþhik y nuíhib khvdmfbs kqudpbs ik iurmndþh nbrtm pmrm trmamgmr nbh kjjbs. Kxmfdhmrä kj tkfm ik jbs kqudpbs ik iurmndþh nbrtm kh kj nmpætujb 0, pkrb pbr mcbrm vmjk jm pkhm skýmjmr quk hb tbibs jbs kqudpbs ik kstmhndm nbrtm sbh ik utdjdimi. ^d khvæms m pkrsbhms kh kj fbfkhtb kqudvbnmib b sdh jms cmadjdimiks hknksmrdms, b sdfpjkfkhtk khvæms m pkrsbhms quk hb kstíh prkpmrmims, hb myuimrís m tus barkrbs.÷tdj Jm fkgbr fmhkrmkqudpbs ik msklurmrtk quk uh barm ik iurmndþh nbrtm skrí rkmjfkhtk ks khvdmhib quk skmh sbjdndtmibs pbr tus barkrbs rksdikhtks kh kj kxtrmhgkrb. Ikgm njmrb m tus kqudpbs fdsdbhkrbs kstmajks quk rkndadr kqudpbs ik iurmndþh nbrtm hb ks uhm nbhidndþh pmrm quk sdlms sbstkhdähibjks. Fms adkh, imjks jm jdakrtmi ik ksnblkr qudäh ikak dr, nuíhib ikak cmnkrjb k dhnjusb sd ikak dr b hb. ^d hb jb cmnks ik kstm fmhkrm, khvdmrís myuim tkfpbrmj amgb tus prbpdbs nrdtkrdbs y bagktdvbs, pkrb m nmfadb pkrguidnmrís prb`uhimfkhtk m jbs barkrbs quk skl÷h t÷ qudkrks myuimr.

Jm príntdnm ik jm cbspdtmjdimi [hm ik jms fkgbrks fmhkrms pmrm nudimr ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs ks cmnkr jdtkrmjfkhtk jb quk jm Adajdm idnk5 fbstrmrjks cbspdtmjdimi (> Gh. 3). Fk lustmræm quk jm mpjdnmndþh ik jm Ksnrdturm `uksk sdkfprk msæ ik njmrm. Jm cbspdtmjdimi ks dfpbrtmhtk iurmhtk jms vdsdtms arkvks, pkrb ks m÷h fís dfpbrtmhtk iurmhtk jbs jmrlbs fksks kh jbs quk jm fmybræm ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs sukjkh rklrksmr m su pmæs. Iurmhtk kstms jmrlms vdsdtms ik vukjtm m nmsm, pdkhsm jb quk tu dljksdm pukik cmnkr pmrm b`rknkr mjbgmfdkhtb lrmtds m jbs barkrbs quk mpbyíds. _jmhd`dnm y prkpmrm ik mhtkfmhb uh prksupukstb pmrm nuardr kstbs lmstbs. ¡T hb pjmhkks sbjmfkhtk kj msuhtb ikj mjbgmfdkhtb! Ausnm fmhkrms pmrm quk sk dhtklrkh kh jm nbhlrklmndþh y skmh uhm pmrtk sdlhd`dnmtdvm ik kjjm. ]ukrkfbs quk hukstrbs barkrbs pukimh iksnmhsmr, rk`rksnmrsk y vbjvkr m

 

nbhkntmr nbh sus mfdlbs y jæikrks ik jm dljksdm. _krb hb pbiríh cmnkr tbib kstb sd jm `mjtm ik idhkrb jks bajdlm m vdvdr nbh `mfdjdmrks quk rksdikh jkgbs b nbh btrm dljksdm fís idspukstm m prbvkkr kj mjbgmfdkhtb quk hknksdtmh.

Jm prbvdsdþh ik nbfpmýkrbs midndbhmjks ik kqudpb [h ÷jtdfb nbhskgb. _bsdajkfkhtk, kj fkgbrJm rklmjb quk pbikfbs b`rknkr mquk hukstrbs barkrbs khvdmrjks fís barkrbs. fmybræm ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs nbhbznb kstíhks prb`uhimfkhtk mlrmikndibs pbr hukstrb mpbyb `dhmhndkrb. ^ukjkh mprkndmr hukstrms vdsdtms ik kstmhndm nbrtm sd jms cmnkfbs nbh rkspktb. ^k sdkhtkh mlrmikndibs numhib jks cbspkimfbs iurmhtk sus vdsdtms ik vukjtm m nmsm. _krb pbr khndfm ik tbims jms nbsms, jb quk jm fmybræm ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs ikskmh ks quk fís ckrfmhms y ckrfmhbs numjd`dnmibs y nbh jm fdsfm `brfm ik pkhsmr sk uhmh m su jmabr. [hm ik jms fmhkrms ik khvdmr fís barkrbs ks mhdfmr m jm nbhlrklmndþh m brmr ik `brfm rklujmr m Idbs pmrm quk khvæk m mjluhbs ik kjjbs m uhdrsk m fdsdbhkrbs kspknæ`dnbs5 kspkndmjfkhtk sd kstmfbs brmhib pbr ksbs fdsdbhkrbs. Ymfadäh pbikfbs mhdfmr m jbs fdkfarbs quk kstíh nbhsdikrmhib jm barm fdsdbhmj m quk prdfkrb nbhsdikrkh uhdrsk m barkrbs quk ym kstmfbs mpbymhib. ^d nbh`æms kh jbs fdsdbhkrbs jb su`dndkhtk nbfb pmrm mpbymrjbs, tmfadäh ikaks nbh`dmr kh kjjbs jb su`dndkhtk nbfb pmrm pkrfdtdrjks rknjutmr m pkrsbhms ik tu nbhlrklmndþh. Numhib jm fktm ks jm pjmhtmndþh ik dljksdms, jbs kqudpbs fdsdbhkrbs hknksdtmh sbark tbib kstmr nbfpukstbs pbr pkrsbhms quk tkhlmh jm fdsfm `brfm ik pkhsmr. _rbvkkr barkrbs midndbhmjks quk pkrtkhknkh m jm fdsfm dljksdm fdsdbhkrm ’b m btrm dljksdm mfmim y nbhbndim’ ks uhm ik jms fkgbrks fmhkrms ik khnbhtrmr jm m`dhdimi quk ausnmfbs. QK@JKSDBHK^ @DHMJK^ ^dkfprk y numhib tu dljksdm prbvkm pmrm jms hknksdimiks fmtkrdmjks ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs, kjjbs sbh vukstrm rkspbhsmadjdimi y tdkhkh quk rkhidrbs mjluhm njmsk ik nukhtms. Ksm ks jm kskhndm ik jm nbbpkrmndþh nbh jm vkrimi ik jm quk cmajm kj mpþstbj kh > Gumh 5 =3735 =45 1?). Jm fktm ik jms fdsdbhks ks nbhlrklmr dljksdms, quk m su vkz pjmhtmh btrms dljksdms. _krb kj trmamgb pdbhkrb hb ks kj ÷hdnb trmamgb fdsdbhkrb quk vkfbs khnbfkhimib kh jm Ksnrdturm nbfb kstrmtäldnb. Mj dhdndb ik jm nmrtm m Ydtb jkkfbs kstms pmjmarms ikj mpþstbj _majb7 «_br kstm nmusm tk ikgä kh Nrktm, pmrm quk nbrrdldksks jb ik`dndkhtk, y kstmajkndksks mhndmhbs kh nmim nduimi, msæ nbfb yb tk fmhiäµ (Ydt. =7;). Cmnkr nrknkr aæajdnmfkhtk m jms dljksdms tmfadäh krm uh puhtb dfpbrtmhtæsdfb kh jm mlkhim ik _majb y sklurmfkhtk tmfadäh tdkhk quk skrjb kh hukstrm mlkhim. _ukik skr kfbndbhmhtk khvdmr y sustkhtmr fdsdbhkrbs quk kstíh cmndkhib rktrbnkikr jbs jæfdtks ik jms tdhdkajms kh uhm nbfuhdimi sdh mjnmhzmr pbr kj kvmhlkjdb. _krb _majb tmfadäh khským

 

quk vmjk jm pkhm khtrklmr m mjluhbs ik hukstrbs fkgbrks barkrbs pmrm `brtmjknkr jm dljksdm mjjæ ibhik kj kvmhlkjdb ym ks nbhbndib y cmy dljksdms kstmajkndims. Kh ksm fdsfm jæhkm, kj mpþstbj jk rknukrim m su gbvkh fdsdbhkrb Ydfbtkb7 Nbfb tk rbluä quk tkquk qukimsks kh Ä`ksb, numhib `ud m Fmnkibhdm, pmrm qukm fmhimsks m mjluhbs hb khskýkh id`krkhtk ibntrdhm, hd prkstkh mtkhndþh `íaujms y lkhkmjblæms dhtkrfdhmajks, quk mnmrrkmh idsputms fís adkh quk kid`dnmndþh ik Idbs quk ks pbr `k, msæ tk khnmrlb mcbrm (= Yd. =7>-9). Mikfís ik myuimr m jms dljksdms m kstmr kid`dnmims kh jm Adajdm, _majb qudkrk dfpjmhtmr jm ibntrdhm aæajdnm smhm y sþjdim, y prbtklkr m jms hukvms dljksdms ikj krrbr y jm `mjsm khskýmhzm. _majb kstí idspukstb m khtrklmr mj quk sklurmfkhtk krm su nbfpmýkrb fís vmjdbsb hb pmrm su barm pdbhkrm kh Fmnkibhdm, sdhb pmrm jm barm rkndäh dhdndmim ik pjmhtmr dljksdms smhms kh Ä`ksb. Mqukjjbs m jbs quk jks lustm dljksdmssklurmfkhtk nmim vkz nbhikakræmh fmybr rmpdikz vkrmtkhndþh pmdsmgks m jms hukvbs iksik pjmhtmr sus vkhtmhms, prkstmr yfís dhstrunndbhks quk jm Ksnrdturm b`rknk rkspkntb m kstk msuhtb. Funcbs ik hbsbtrbs hbs pbikfbs dfmldhmr nþfb ks jm barm fdsdbhkrm pdbhkrm, pkrb `brtmjknkr kj trmamgb nbhtdh÷b ik jm dljksdm quk ym kstí pjmhtmim ks fís id`ændj ik kxpjdnmr. @brtmjknkr m kstms dljksdms hb sdlhd`dnm mhdfmr m jbs fdsdbhkrbs m skludr tbfmhib jms rdkhims ikj jdikrmzlb ik jm nbhlrklmndþh muhquk ym cmymh mpmrkndib jæikrks jbnmjks ik sbarms nmpmndtmibs. Ksb cm bnurrdib mjluhms vknks y kj `rutb ks lkhkrmjfkhtk fuy ik`dndkhtk. Fís adkh, `brtmjknkrjms sdlhd`dnm kfpbikrmr y nmpmndtmr m jbs jæikrks ik jms dljksdms jbnmjks rkndäh pjmhtmims. Kstb dfpjdnm trmamgmr pbr jm smjui ik jm dljksdm kh nbfuhdimiks ibhik kstms jjkvmh funcb tdkfpb kstmajkndims, muhquk mcbrm kstíh iksmtkhidims y iäadjks. Kh uh skhtdib fís `brfmj y trmidndbhmj, dfpjdnm khskýmr kh uh nbjkldb aæajdnb b nmpmndtmr m pjmhtmibrks ik dljksdms jbnmjks kh jm dljksdm jbnmj ym kstmajkndim. Ik fmhkrm fís dh`brfmj, dfpjdnm idsndpujmr y nmpmndtmr kh jm nmsm ik uh barkrb m jbs jæikrks ik jm dljksdm quk kstíh kh uh pmæs ik mnnksb rkstrdhldib mj kvmhlkjdb. Kj msuhtb ks quk uhm vkz quk jms dljksdms kstäh brlmhdzmims, m fkhuib qukimrí trmamgb kstrmtäldnb quk tkhirí quk skr ckncb pbr fdsdbhkrbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks. Hb tkhkfbs quk pkrfdtdr quk hukstrm lkhudhm pmsdþh pbr jm a÷squkim ik bvkgms pkridims kh jbs hukvbs pmstbs hbs jjkvk m iksnudimr m jbs rkamýbs quk ym kstíh rkuhdibs y cmh sdib

 

nbfprmibs pbr jm smhlrk prkndbsm ik Nrdstb. NBHNÄHYQMYK KH KJ YQMAMGB ][K ^K CMNK ADKH Ymfadäh tkhkfbs quk nbhnkhtrmr hukstrb mpbyb kh barkrbs quk sbh kxnkjkhtks su tkbjblæm nbfb kh su príntdnm pkrsbhmj. vknks, jms dljksdms tmhtb y jms kh pkrsbhms sbh rkmndms m kvmjumr ikfmsdmib kh Funcms prb`uhidimi jm tkbjblæm y jm nmjdimi ik jbs barkrbs quk prktkhikh mpbymr. Kh fd bpdhdþh, ksb ks uh lrmhiæsdfb krrbr. ^d uh barkrb sk b`khik pbrquk qudkrks nbhbnkr sus `uhimfkhtbs tkbjþldnbs, sk ikakræmh khnkhikr tbims tus skýmjks ik mjmrfm. Jm fmybræm ik jbs barkrbs quk ck nbhbndib m trmväs ik jbs mýbs cmh kstmib fís quk nbhtkhtbs ik nbhvkrsmr mnkrnm ik su tkbjblæm pkrsbhmj. _mrm kfpkzmr, pukiks pkidrjks quk susnrdamh jm iknjmrmndþh tkbjþldnm quk susnrdak tu dljksdm. [sm tu aukh gudndb pmrm kstmajknkr quä kxnkpndbhks m jm nbh`ksdþh ik `k ik tu dljksdm sbh rmzbhmajks. Btrm aukhm fmhkrm ik nbhbnkr su tkbjblæm ks prkluhtmrjks quä mnjmsk ik jdarbs jksy cm dh`judib mkhhdvkj sus fdhdstkrdbs. T fkgbr pbr supukstb, vdsdtmr jbs fdsdbhkrbs nbhbnkrjks pkrsbhmj ks jm fmhkrm ik mvkrdlumr jb quk nrkkh. ^dkhib fís kspknæ`dnbs, tdkhks quk nbhbnkr jb quk uh fdsdbhkrb b nmhidimtb m fdsdbhkrb bpdhm mnkrnm ik ibs nbsms7 kj kvmhlkjdb y jm dljksdm. Ck nbhbndib m fdsdbhkrbs quk sä quk mfmh kj kvmhlkjdb, pkrb quk hb pbiræmh kxpjdnmrjb nbh njmrdimi muhquk jks `ukrm jm vdim kh kjjb, b quk hb khtdkhikh jm dfpbrtmhndm ik nbhnkptbs tmjks nbfb kj mrrkpkhtdfdkhtb b jm hmturmjkzm trdhdtmrdm ikj kvmhlkjdb. Kh btrms bnmsdbhks, ck nbhbndib pkrsbhms quk cmh sdib khvdmims nbh kj tætujb ik pjmhtmibrks ik dljksdm, pkrb quk sk ajbqukmamh numhib jks prkluhtmam7 «²]uä ks jm dljksdm y quä ks jb quk kstm cmnk2µ. Mjluhbs sdfpjkfkhtk hb jb smaæmh y btrbs imamh rkspukstms amsmims kh dikms pkrsbhmjks y sdh `uhimfkhtb aæajdnb. _krb uhbs pbnbs, nbh jm tdkrhm vbz nbh jm quk uh cbfark iksnrdak m su kspbsm, sk jmhzmamh ik jjkhb m iksnrdadr nbh tbim jm pjkhdtui ik jm Ksnrdturm jms fmrnms kskhndmjks ik jm dljksdm y su `uhndþh aæajdnm. ¡Mpbym m kstbs fdsdbhkrbs! Ik dlumj fmhkrm, tdkhks quk kvmjumr jm nmjdimi ik jbs cíadtbs pkrsbhmjks ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs tmhtb kh su fdhdstkrdb nbfb kh numjqudkr btrm jmabr quk kstäh rkmjdzmhib kh su julmr ik skrvdndb. Cmz prkluhtms dhnþfbims. ^d uh fdsdbhkrb sk b`khik pbrquk jk pdiks quk tk iksnrdam jb quk cdzb jm skfmhm b kj fks

 

mhtkrdbr, prkbn÷pmtk. ^bh funcbs jbs fdsdbhkrbs quk trmamgmh kh nbhtkxtbs ibhik tdkhkh pbnm supkrvdsdþh idrkntm. Jm fmybræm sbh `dkjks, pkrb nbfb skrks cufmhbs nmæibs quk sbh, mjluhbs hb jb skríh. Jm idspbsdndþh m trmsjmimrsk m btrb pmæs pbr nmusm ikj kvmhlkjdb hb idnk hmim mnkrnm ik su nmríntkr, nmpmndimi b ätdnm ik trmamgb. Cmstm ibhik t÷ pukiks smakr, ²lbzmh ik aukhm rkputmndþh khtrk btrbs kxpmtrdmibs y rksdikhtks jbnmjks2 Kstm prkbnupmndþh tmfadäh tdkhk quk mpjdnmrsk m numjqudkr mntdvdimi sknujmr kh jm quk kstäh dhvbjunrmibs. ^d uh fdsdbhkrb idrdlk uh hklbndb nbfb kj fkidb pmrm tkhkr uhm vdsm kh uhm hmndþh cbstdj mj kvmhlkjdb, prkl÷htmjk mnkrnm ik ksk hklbndb. ²Kstí rkmjfkhtk cmndkhib jms nbsms quk idnk cmnkr b kstí fdhtdkhib mj Lbadkrhb quk jk mnbgk2 Ks dfprbamajk quk jm nmusm ikj kvmhlkjdb skm akhikndim pbr fdsdbhkrbs quk fdkhtkh mnkrnm ik su trmamgb pmrm pbikr prkskhtmr jm vkrimi. Kstm ks uh írkm nbh mjluhbs tbhbs lrdsks, pkrb pbr jb lkhkrmj hukstrbs barkrbs tdkhk quk rkhidrhbs nukhtms ik jm dhtklrdimi y jm ik tbimsJmjms`brfm nbsmsfís quk idrkntm cmnkh. y²Nþfb jkskscmnkfbs nbhsndkhtks ik su vkrmndimi rkspbhsmadjdimi2 skhndjjm imrjks idhkrb m mqukjjbs quk kstíh trmamgmhib nbh dhtklrdimi y suspkhikr jm myuim ik mqukjjbs quk hb jb kstíh. ^dh kfamrlb, numhib kvmj÷ks m uh barkrb, rknukrim jm rkjmndþh prbpbrndbhmj quk cmy khtrk kj usb ik su tdkfpb y tu hdvkj ik mpbyb knbhþfdnb. Kstb pukik sbhmr nmrhmj, pkrb hb pukiks imrjk m uh fdsdbhkrb uhbs pbnbs ndkhtbs ik iþjmrks mj mýb y kspkrmr quk kstä jm fmybr pmrtk ikj tdkfpb nbhtkstmhib tus prkluhtms pkrsbhmjks. Kstb hbs jjkvm ik vukjtm m fd nbhskgb mhtkrdbr mnkrnm ik nbhnkhtrmr tu mpbyb knbhþfdnb kh pbnms rkjmndbhks. ^d tu nbhlrklmndþh kstí mpbymhib sdlhd`dnmtdvmfkhtk jm hknksdimi knbhþfdnm ikj fdsdbhkrb, ksb nmfadm jms nbsms, ²hb ks msæ2 Khtbhnks ks rmzbhmajk kspkrmr quk kj fdsdbhkrb nbrrkspbhim mj nbfprbfdsb quk tu dljksdm cm ikfbstrmib m trmväs ikj mpbyb `dhmhndkrb. Ybfmhib pbr ckncb quk tbibs tkhkfbs uhm nmhtdimi jdfdtmim ik idhkrb pmrm b`rkhimr, tkhkfbs quk rkspmjimr m jbs fdsdbhkrbs quk cmnkh tbims jms nbsms nbh kxnkjkhndm. NBHNÄHYQMYK KH _KQ^BHM^ ][K NBHBNK^ T KH JM^ N[MJK^ NBH@ÆM^ Msdfdsfb, tkhkfbs quk prbnurmr quk jbs fdsdbhkrbs quk mpbymfbs skmh nbhbndibs hb sbjb pbr jbs jæikrks ik jm dljksdm, sdhb pbr tbim jm nbhlrklmndþh.

 

Ks fuy hbrfmj quk jbs pmstbrks b jæikrks ik fdsdbhks sk djusdbhkh nbh jm dikm ik mpbymr m uh fdsdbhkrb quk nbhbnkh iksik jm `mnujtmi b quk nbhbndkrbh kh uhm nbh`krkhndm. Ksb pukik skr uh aukh puhtb ik pmrtdim, pkrb sd qukrkfbs quk hukstrb mpbyb fdsdbhkrb skm nbhlrklmndbhmj, khtbhnks hb sbjb tkhkfbs quk utdjdzmr kj idhkrb ik hukstrm dljksdm, sdhb quk tmfadäh tkhkfbs quk dhvbjunrmr m jbs ckrfmhbs nbh jbs quk hbs rkjmndbhmfbs. _rbamajkfkhtk, jm fkgbr fmhkrm ik cmnkrjb skm b`rkndkhib cbspdtmjdimi m tus fdsdbhkrbs, kh kspkndmj iurmhtk sus jmrlms tkfpbrmims ik vdsdtm m tu pmæs. Kstb ks nbstbsb, pkrb kj `rutb quk prbiundrí kh vukstrms rkjmndbhks hb tdkhk prkndb. Jms rkjmndbhks nbh tus barkrbs tmfadäh sk `brtmjknkríh numhib khnukhtrks fmhkrms ik khvdmr fdkfarbs ’prdhndpmjfkhtk jæikrks ik jm dljksdm’ m pmsmr tdkfpb nbh jbs barkrbs quk tdkhks kh btrbs pmæsks. Jms rkjmndbhks pkrsbhmjks sbh nrundmjks.

Kvdtm jm rmpdikz, jbs lrmhiks h÷fkrbs y jbs mtmgbs fíldnbs Ikab cmnkr uhm skrdmkstkfbs mivkrtkhndm mhtks ik cmajmr ikfdsdbhkrbs, hukstrm pmrtdndpmndþh kh jms fdsdbhks. Numhib kvmjumhib prbykntbs mlkhndms y barkrbs tkhkfbs quk rknbrimr quk hukstrm dhnjdhmndþh hmturmj pbr jm rmpdikz, jbs lrmhiks h÷fkrbs y jbs mtmgbs fíldnbs prbiunkh rksujtmibs tríldnbs kh jms fdsdbhks. Ck vdsdtmib pkrsbhmjfkhtk vmrdbs pmæsks ibhik fdsdbhkrbs adkhdhtkhndbhmibs kstmamh tmh nklmibs pbr su ikskb ik quk jms nbsms bnurrdkrmh rípdimfkhtk y jbs h÷fkrbs sk dhnrkfkhtmrmh, quk iksnudimrbh su fktbibjblæm y jms dljksdms hukvms `ukrbh iknjmrmims pjmhtmims y ikspuäs mamhibhmims ik tmj fmhkrm quk fís quk hmndfdkhtbs, pmrknæmh mabrtbs kspdrdtumjks. ^u m`íh pbr jbs mtmgbs fíldnbs sdlhd`dnþ quk kj trmamgb jkhtb y pmndkhtk ik jm khskýmhzm aæajdnm `ukrm ikskncmib. Ik `brfm prkikndajk, kstms hukvms dljksdms `ukrbh uhm prksm `índj ik jms `mjsms khskýmhzms, ik jbs skntms b sdfpjkfkhtk sk idsbjvdkrbh. [hm iänmim fís tmrik jms ckrdims m÷h hb cmaæmh smhmib. T jb quk ks fís tríldnb, dhhufkrmajks mjfms kh kstbs julmrks pdkhsmh quk ym cmh vdstb kj nrdstdmhdsfb y jb cmh prbamib, numhib kh rkmjdimi hb jb cmh ckncb. Kj rksujtmib ks quk mcbrm kstíh vmnuhmibs nbhtrm kj kvmhlkjdb vkrimikrb y aæajdnb, dhnjusb numhib mjludkh fís `dkj jb dhtkhtm nbfpmrtdr nbh kjjbs. ]uk Idbs hbs pkribhk. Jm jmabr ik jms fdsdbhks ks urlkhtk, pkrb hb ikskspkrmim. Mhckjmfbs uhm nbskncm, pkrb Idbs hb cm lmrmhtdzmib kh hdhl÷h julmr uhm tmsm ik nrkndfdkhtb

 

prblrksdvb. Jm vkrimi ks quk numhib jkkfbs jm Adajdm vkfbs uhm prkbnupmndþh nbhstmhtk ik quk jbs fdsdbhkrbs ik Idbs hb mamhibhkh huhnm jm `dikjdimi pmndkhtk y idjdlkhtk. Ymj vkz kstb hb skm tmh jjmfmtdvb nbfb jb quk _majb khnmrlþ m Ydfbtkb, su nbfpmýkrb ik mrfms y fdsdbhkrb pjmhtmibr ik dljksdms. _majb jk khnmrlm7 Kh prkskhndm ik Idbs y ik Nrdstb Gks÷s, quk cm ik vkhdr kh su rkdhb y quk uzlmrí m jbs vdvbs y m jbs fukrtbs, tk iby kstk sbjkfhk khnmrlb7 _rkidnm jm _mjmarm5 pkrsdstk kh cmnkrjb, skm b hb skm bpbrtuhb5 nbrrdlk, rkprkhik y mhdfm nbh funcm pmndkhndm, sdh ikgmr ik khskýmr (1 Yd. 97=-1, HPD). Kstms pmjmarms `dhmjks7 «nbh funcm pmndkhndm, sdh ikgmr ik khskýmrµ, ikakh rksbhmr kh hukstrbs bæibs numhib kvmjukfbs hukstrm pmrtdndpmndþh y mjdmhzms fdsdbhmjks. Adkh smak Idbs quk pbikfbs skr tkhtmibs pbr kj ikskb ik rksujtmibs dhfkidmtbs y vdsdajks prbvbnmhib quk jbs fdsdbhkrbs sk vukjvmh dfpmndkhtks, iksnbhsdikrmibs, iksnudimibs y supkr`dndmjks. ²]uä cmaræm sunkidib sd jms dljksdms iurmhtk jbs ÷jtdfbs sdljbs cuadkrmh sdib jb su`dndkhtkfkhtk smadms nbfb pmrm suspkhikr kj mpbyb knbhþfdnb m barms quk pmrknæmh ikfmsdmib aukhms pmrm skr vkrimi, b pmrm mtrkvkrsk m cmnkr fís prkluhtms dhnþfbims rkspkntb m jbs h÷fkrbs quk sk iknjmrmamh2 ²]uä cmaræm sunkidib sd cuadkrmh kstmib dhvbjunrmims kh jms rkjmndbhks nbh jbs fdsdbhkrbs y cuadkrmh idrdldib nbh iujzurm kj trmamgb fmj ckncb pbr kj nmfdhb ik jm hknksdtmim y pmndkhtk `dikjdimi2 Hb pbikfbs nmfadmr kj pmsmib, pkrb nbh jm myuim ik Idbs pbikfbs cmnkrjb fkgbr kh kstk fbfkhtb. Jbs fätbibs drrkspbhsmajks ik pjmhtmndþh ik dljksdms hb sbh hukstrb ÷hdnb pkjdlrb. Hukstrm dhnjdhmndþh hmturmj cmndm jm rmpdikz, kj vbjufkh y jm `mndjdimi tmfadäh hbs jjkvm m dlhbrmr jms dljksdms ym kstmajkndims. ^d kj h÷fkrb ik jbs fdkfarbs ik jms dljksdms hmtdvms ks dhsdlhd`dnmhtk, skhtdrkfbs jm tkhtmndþh ik dlhbrmrjms b trmtmrjms nbfb sd `ukrmh ik`kntubsms, b m÷h pkbr, drrkjkvmhtks. M÷h msæ, ²nuíj skræm kj rksujtmib sd kh julmr ik dlhbrmrjms hbs dhvbjunrískfbs nbh kjjms, tmhtb pmrm mprkhikr jbs uhbs ik jbs btrbs nbfb pmrm myuimrjms2 Dhnjusb sd nmrknkh ik mjluhbs ik jbs mprkndmibs fätbibs fbikrhbs pmrm jm fujtdpjdnmndþh, ²hb ks pbsdajk quk skpmh mjlb mnkrnm ik ksms nujturms quk hbsbtrbs hb smakfbs2 ^d nbhbndärmfbs jm vmjæm ik jms dljksdms ym kstmajkndims, kj dfpmntb skræm

 

prb`uhib, iurmikrb y ljbrdbsb. Nbhbznb m uh fdsdbhkrb ik uhm lrmh nduimi ikj kstk ik Kurbpm quk tdkhk vmrdbs fdjjbhks ik barkrbs fusujfmhks brdldhmrdbs ik tbim Msdm Nkhtrmj. Fd mfdlb sk trmsjmiþ mjjæ pmrm trmtmr ik mjnmhzmr, nmpmndtmr y fbvdjdzmr m fusujfmhks nbhvkrtdibs. Jks mhdfþ m vbjvkr m sus julmrks ik brdlkh pmrm pjmhtmr dljksdms quk cdndkrmh idsnæpujbs pbr tbim Msdm Nkhtrmj. ^dh kfamrlb, m id`krkhndm ik funcbs fdsdbhkrbs, äj hb dlhbrþ jms dljksdms prbtkstmhtks jbnmjks ik su nduimi muhquk kstms tkhæmh jm rkputmndþh ik skr iksnbh`dmims y iksprkndmr m sus vkndhbs fusujfmhks. Muhquk fd mfdlb trmamgþ pkrsbhmjfkhtk pmrm mjnmhzmr m jbs fusujfmhks dhfdlrmhtks nbh kj kvmhlkjdb, tmfadäh dhvdrtdþ tdkfpb kh jms dljksdms ym pjmhtmims pbr jm nujturm ibfdhmhtk. ^k lmhþ su nbh`dmhzm, ausnþ nrdstdmhbs jbnmjks nbh fmiurkz kh kj kvmhlkjdb y, ikspuäs, nbfkhzþ m nbhkntmrjbs jkhtmfkhtk nbh jbs fusujfmhks nbhvkrtdibs. Jbs nrdstdmhbs sk msbfarmrbh mj nbhbnkr m fusujfmhks nbhvkrtdibs quk cmaæmh marmzmib lkhudhmfkhtk jm vkrimi ik Nrdstb y kstmamh khtusdmsfmibs pbr vbjvkr m su pmæs ik brdlkh nbh ksk fkhsmgk. Fís mikjmhtk y, amsmib mýbsmik kvmhlkjdzmhib m fusujfmhks, kfpkzþkhm jbs myuimr jbskxpkrdkhndm jæikrks ik jms dljksdms jbnmjks m iksmrrbjjmr prbykntbs pmrm quk kjjbs fdsfbs kvmhlkjdzmrmh m jbs fusujfmhks. Iurmhtk uhm vdsdtm rkndkhtk m kstk ckrfmhb, fk skhtä kh kj pkqukýb smjþh kstdjb sbvdätdnb ik su mpmrtmfkhtb. Fdkhtrms akaæm tä y baskrvmam jm lrmh nmhtdimi ik pkrsbhms quk pmskmam pbr kj pmrquk quk kstmam mamgb, jk prkluhtä m fd mfdlb mnkrnm ik sus pjmhks `uturbs. Jm sdtumndþh ik jbs kxtrmhgkrbs sk kstmam nbfpjdnmhib y jm pbsdadjdimi ik skr kxpujsmib pbr kj Lbadkrhb kstmam mufkhtmhib. kstmamh jm dikm ik tkhkr quk mamhibhmrFdjmmfdlb nduimiyysujmskspbsm pkrsbhms quk khtrdstkndibs mfmamh, pkrbpbr juklb sk qukiþ fdrmhib su tä y fk idgb nbh uh tbhb ik dhqukarmhtmajk nbh`dmhzm quk ym hb dfpbrtmam. Muhquk kj Lbadkrhb jbs ikpbrtmrm kh ksk fdsfb fbfkhtb, su fdhdstkrdb y pmsdþh pbr mjnmhzmr m jbs dhfdlrmhtks fusujfmhks sk cmaæm kxtkhidib cmstm mjnmhzmr fkidm ibnkhm ik dljksdms jbnmjks y sk kstmam kxtkhidkhib nmim vkz fís jkgbs y fís rípdib. Ymh sbjb uhbs fksks mtrís, mjluhms ik ksms dljksdms cmaæmh brlmhdzmib amgb su prbpdm dhdndmtdvm uhm rkuhdþh pmrm mhdfmr y nmpmndtmr m btrms dljksdms kh kj kvmhlkjdsfb fusujfíh. Jm mhtbrncm cmaæm sdib njmvmim kh jm fmikrm y kjdfdhmr mj pbrtmibr ik idncm mhtbrncm ym hb nbhskludræm hmim.

 

Fk khnbhträ m fæ fdsfb rk`jkxdbhmhib kh nuíh id`krkhtk skræm tbib sd kstm pmrkgm cuadkrm ikndidib cmnkr jms nbsms kjjbs sbjbs. ²]uä cmaræm sunkidib sd cuadkrmh pkhsmib quk sus fktbibjblæms bnndikhtmjks krmh supkrdbrks m jms ik jms dljksdms jbnmjks ym kstmajkndims y jms cuadkrmh dlhbrmib nbfpjktmfkhtk2 ²]uä cmaræm sunkidib sd cuadkrmh kstmib tmh nbfprbfktdibs nbh jm pjmhtmndþh rípdim ik hukvms dljksdms quk cuadkrmh nrkæib quk kjjbs hb krmh ik utdjdimi pmrm jms dljksdms quk kstmamh cmndkhib jm barm ikj kvmhlkjdb pmrm kj akhk`dndb ik jms `uturms lkhkrmndbhks ik ksm nujturm2 M`brtuhmimfkhtk, kjjbs hb nbfktdkrbh kstbs krrbrks. Nbfb rksujtmib, nrkb quk su dfpmntb nbhtdhumrí trmamgmhib sdjkhndbsmfkhtk khtrk tbims ksms dljksdms cmstm quk Nrdstb vukjvm.

×hktk m mqukjjbs quk ausnmh jm `dikjdimi ²Nþfb mpjdnmfbs kstb nuíhib nbhsdikrmfbs m qudäh mpbymr2 _uks prdbrdzmhib jbs prbykntbs quk sk nkhtrmh kh jm dljksdm jbnmj, ym skm m trmväs ik jm pjmhtmndþh ik dljksdms b ikj `brtmjkndfdkhtb ik jms fdsfms. Muhquk kstí njmrb cmy btrms barms quk pbikfbs mpbymr dhidvdiumjfkhtk b ik nbfb quk dljksdms, kstmsaukhms ibs nmtklbræms cmh sdib kj fbikjb aæajdnb y kj kh`bquk jms fdsdbhks iurmhtk jm fmybr pmrtk ik jbs ÷jtdfbs ibs fdj mýbs. _bikfbs dhvkrtdr hukstrms fkgbrks pkrsbhms kh mfams barms nbh tbim nbh`dmhzm, tmj y nbfb cdzb kj mpþstbj _majb. [hm vkz fís, sklurmfkhtk kstb dfpjdnmrí kh mjluhms bnmsdbhks cmnkr prkluhtms dhnþfbims m jbs fdsdbhkrbs y m jms brlmhdzmndbhks. _rkluhtm nuíj ks su pjmh pmrm vkr pjmhtmims dljksdms jbnmjks. Mjluhbs lrupbs tdkhkh jm vdsdþh ik vkr tbib uh fbvdfdkhtb kstmajkndib ibhik ndkhtbs ik dljksdms pjmhtmh fdjks ik dljksdms kh uhm kspkndk ik rkmnndþh rípdim kh nmikhm. _ukik quk kstb skm mjlb fmrmvdjjbsb kh jb numj tkhkfbs quk nrkkr y brmr, pkrb prkl÷htmjk m kstbs lrupbs nþfb prktkhikh pjmhtmr jms prdfkrms dljksdms y nþfb kspkrmh nmpmndtmr m jbs jæikrks y kstmajknkr jm smhm ibntrdhm. Jms rkspukstms m kstms prkluhtms sbh funcb fís dfpbrtmhtks quk jm fmlhdtui ik su vdsdþh. Ik fbib sdfdjmr, btrbs lrupbs cmajmh fís mnkrnm ik hukvbs fätbibs dh`mjdajks quk ik jm Adajdm. Jbs hukvbs fätbibs kstíh adkh sd sbh nbh`brfk m jm Ksnrdturm, pkrb sd numjqudkr barkrb u brlmhdzmndþh jbs prbfbndbhm nbfb jm hukvm «jjmvkµ pmrm mardr jms hmndbhks m Nrdstb, mlmrrm tu nmrtkrm y cuyk m tbim prdsm. ^unkimh b hb lrmhiks nbsms kh hukstrb tdkfpb, tbib kstí amgb kj nbhtrbj ik

 

Idbs. Kstmfbs jjmfmibs m skr `dkjks tmhtb kh jbs tdkfpbs `runtæ`krbs nbfb kh jbs id`ændjks. Kj äxdtb kstí kh jms fmhbs ik Idbs. Kstb sdlhd`dnm quk tkhkfbs quk mpbymr m jbs fdsdbhkrbs y brlmhdzmndbhks quk khtdkhikh jbs fmhimtbs aæajdnbs ik pkrskvkrmr urlkhtk y `dkjfkhtk5 hb tk idstrmdlms nbh jms lrmhiks prbfksms ik mtmgbs rípdibs y `índjks. Jbs tæpdnbs pjmhks pmrm «cmnkrsk rdnb rípdimfkhtkµ sbh sdkfprk mtrmntdvbs, pkrb ks dfprbamajk quk pukimh sustdtudr kj trmamgb iurb y jm `dikjdimi. Hb sbjb tkhkfbs quk skr nudimibsbs pbr hukstrb adkh, sdhb tmfadäh pbr kj adkh ik jms mjfms ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs quk mpbymfbs. Nbfb idgb kj pmstbr ardtíhdnb Ncmrjks Ardilks7 «Jm skfdjjm pukik kstmr amgb uh fbhtþh ik tdkrrm kspkrmhib m quk hbs nbjbnmfbs sbark kjjm pmrm `jbrknkrµ =. Kh btrms pmjmarms, jm aukhm barm ikj kvmhlkjdb hb sdkfprk prbiunk rksujtmibs vdsdajks k dhfkidmtbs. T m vknks, hb vdvdrkfbs pmrm vkr jm nbskncm. Kstm ks uhm rkmjdimi id`ændj ik mnkptmr pmrm tbibs hbsbtrbs y jbs fdsdbhkrbs hb sbh id`krkhtks. Funcbs sdib tkhtmibs m fkhbsprkndmr khskýmhzm k dhnjusb fbid`dnmrcmh kj fkhsmgk fdsfb ikj kvmhlkjdbjmpmrm prbiundraæajdnm jm mpmrdkhndm ik rksujtmibs, numhib smakh quk kj vkrimikrb äxdtb ks jkhtb. _krb hbsbtrbs quk sbfbs jbs quk khvdmfbs y mpbymfbs, tkhkfbs quk skr uhm myuim y hb uh bastínujb kh rkjmndþh m kstk msuhtb. Hb tkhkfbs quk cmnkr huhnm jm barm ik ^mtmhís tkhtíhibjks m pknmr y m quk skmh iksjkmjks pbr cmakr pukstb ikfmsdmim prksdþh sbark kjjbs. _krb ksb ks jb quk cmnkfbs numhib jks kxdldfbs uh ndkrtb h÷fkrb ik nbhvkrtdibs nbfb nbhidndþh pmrm rkndadr hukstrb mpbyb. ^d kxprksmfbs ik `brfm sutdj hukstrb ikskb ik vkr ndkrtb h÷fkrb ik amutdsfbs ’nbfb mjluhbs cmh ckncb’ kstmrkfbs cmndkhib sdh qukrkr kj pmpkj ik _kirb kh Fmtkb =071>. Mjjæ hukstrb ^kýbr jk rkprkhidþ idndähibjk7 «¡]uætmtk ik ikjmhtk ik fæ, ^mtmhís!5 fk krks trbpdkzb, pbrquk hb pbhks jm fdrm kh jms nbsms ik Idbs, sdhb kh jms ik jbs cbfarksµ. Ikgm quk kj idmajb cmlm su prbpdb trmamgb, hb ikakfbs myuimrjk. NM_ÆY[JB ;

NÞFB @BQFMQ MJDMHWM^ FD^DBHKQM^ ^MHM^ ^d jk prkluhtms m uh lrupb ik fdsdbhkrbs mnkrnm ik jms mjdmhzms quk `brfmrbh nbh dljksdms, sklurmfkhtk ksnuncmrís tbim njmsk ik cdstbrdms =. Mjluhbs tk

 

nbhtmríh quk nbjmabrmrbh nbh dljksdms ibfdhmhtks quk nrkæmh tkhkr tbims jms rkspukstms y quk huhnm sk pmrmrbh m cmnkr prkluhtms b mprkhikr. B tk nbhtmríh ik jbs dhhufkrmajks nbrrkbs kjkntrþhdnbs quk khvdmamh y jms jjmfmims ik ^eypk quk cmnæmh ks`brzíhibsk pbr nbfpjmnkr m sus dljksdms, pmrm mj `dhmj mnmamr nbfpjktmfkhtk `rustrmibs. M btrbs fdsdbhkrbs jks ardjjmrí jbs bgbs numhib tk nukhtkh mnkrnm ik jms dljksdms quk jjklmrbh m nbhbnkrjks adkh, rkspktmrjks y qukrkrjks skrvdr kh tbib jb quk puidkrbh. Ksnuncm mtkhtmfkhtk mj fdsdbhkrb quk tk idlm quk tdkhk uhm aukhm rkjmndþh nbh jm dljksdm quk jk kstí mpbymhib y tk msklurb quk pkrndadrís kj mrbfm ik jm cufdjimi mnbfpmýmib ik uhm lrmh ibsds ik nbh`dmhzm. NBH@DMHWM T C[FDJIMI7 JM^ IB^ NMQM^ IK JM FD^FM FBHKIM Jm nbh`dmhzm y jm cufdjimi vmh ik jm fmhb. Ibhik cmy nbh`dmhzm ks fís `índj mntumr nbh cufdjimi. T kh lkhkrmj, jm cufdjimi prbiunk fís nbh`dmhzm. Jm nbh`dmhzm ks kj tkrrkhb ibhik fkgbrmjnrknk jm cufdjimi. skhtmr jms amsks ik uhm aukhm rkjmndþh hb pmrknk prdhndpdb uhm tmrkm_krb pmrtdnujmrfkhtk cufdjik. Jm fkgbr fmhkrm ik `bfkhtmr mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms fmrnmims pbr jm cufdjimi ks skjknndbhmr nbhndkhzuimfkhtk nbh qudäh tk vms m msbndmr. Kh uhm mjdmhzm ibhik hb cmy uh hdvkj rmzbhmajk ik nbh`dmhzm, jms pmrtks hb sk sdkhtkh jdarks ik kxpbhkr sus id`krkhndms. ^dh nbh`dmhzm, hb pukiks sbfktkrtk nbh cufdjimi pbrquk khtbhnks jm sufdsdþh vbjuhtmrdm skhndjjmfkhtk sk nbhvdkrtk kh mjlb drrkspbhsmajk. ^d nrkks quk uh fdsdbhkrb kstí cmndkhib uh trmamgb ik`dndkhtk b mntumhib sdh smadiuræm, ²pmrm quä vms m nbh`dmrjk idhkrb y pkrsbhms quk vm m ikspdj`mrrmr b m fmjtrmtmr2 Kh pbnms pmjmarms, numhib nbhsdikrks khvdmr b mibptmr m uh fdsdbhkrb y qudkrms kstmajknkr uhm mjdmhzm ik jmrlm iurmndþh nbh äj, mjluhms ik jms prdfkrms prkluhtms quk tdkhks quk cmnkrtk sbh7 «²Nbh`æb rkmjfkhtk kh kstm pkrsbhm2µ. ²_ukib mpbymr sdh rkskrvms su nbsfbvdsdþh mnkrnm ikj kvmhlkjdb y ikj fmhimtb y barm ik jm dljksdm2 ²Ks nbhbndib kstk fdsdbhkrb pbr skr smadb k dhtklrb2 ^d kstk fdsdbhkrb vdvdkrm kh fd nudimi, ²jb qukrræm nbfb jæikr b mhndmhb ik fd prbpdm dljksdm2 Mjluhms pkrsbhms sk sdkhtkh dhnþfbims cmndkhib kstk tdpb ik prkluhtms. _mrknk quk sbfbs brlujjbsbs b nbrtbs ik fdrms sd kvmjumfbs m uh fdsdbhkrb

 

ik `brfm tmh rdlurbsm. _krb jm mjtkrhmtdvm ks funcb pkbr5 uhm rkjmndþh fmrnmim pbr prkgudndbs, idsnusdbhks y bagktdvbs iksdlumjks. T ksb hb ks jb quk ausnmfbs. ^KD^ NMQMNYKQÆ^YDNM^ IK JM MJDMHWM Fk lustmræmFD^DBHKQM b`rknkrtk skds ^MHM prdhndpdbs hknksmrdbs pmrm nbjmabrmr kh kj kvmhlkjdsfb fuhidmj y `brfmr mjdmhzms nbh barkrbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks. Mhtks ik cmnkrjb, pkrfætkfk mnjmrmr nuíjks sbh kstbs prdhndpdbs y nuíjks hb. Kstbs prdhndpdbs hb kstíh idrkntmfkhtk brikhmibs pbr jm Ksnrdturm, pkrb tmfpbnb sbh sdfpjks baskrvmndbhks b príntdnms `mvbrdtms pmrm quk jm mjdmhzm fdsdbhkrm `uhndbhk. _br kj nbhtrmrdb, kstms dikms kstíh kxtrmæims ik prdhndpdbs aæajdnbs pmrm jms prbpdms dljksdms y jm pjmhtmndþh ik jms fdsfms. Kstms prdbrdimiks uhdvkrsmjks dhnjuykh jm dfpbrtmhndm ik jm cufdjimi (@dj. 17=-==5 = _. ;7;)5 jm nrkmndþh y `brfmndþh ikj pukajb ik Idbs pbr fkidb ik su _mjmarm (Kz. > Yd.Gh.) 97=->)5 akjjkzm ikquk jm nbbpkrmndþh khtrk dljksdms kh jm barm ikj kvmhlkjdb y jm jm «ikfmhimµ cmnk kj kvmhlkjdb ik quk mfkfbs smnrd`dndmjfkhtk m fdsdbhkrbs kspknæ`dnbs (@dj. 97=?-1?). Ks fd ikskb y kspkrmhzm quk kstms prdbrdimiks lkhkrmjks myuikh m jms dljksdms m nbhsdikrmr nbh fís nudimib nþfb sk pukikh nbfprbfktkr cufdjikfkhtk nbh jm barm fuhidmj ikj kvmhlkjdb.

=. Jm fkhtmjdimi ik sdkrvb Jms mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms kfpdkzmh nbh jms djusdbhks y fbtdvmndbhks quk uhb mpbrtm. ²]udkrks skrvdr m barkrbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks b qudkrks quk kjjbs tk sdrvmh m td2 Hb iksnmrtks kstm prkluhtm nbfb sd `ukrm mjlb rdiænujb5 nbhsdiärmjm nbh cbhkstdimi. Funcms dljksdms vkh jm `brfmndþh ik mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms nbfb jm fmhkrm ik fkgbrmr su prbpdb «prblrmfm fdsdbhmjµ, kh vkz ik nbfb jm bpbrtuhdimi pmrm skrvdr m Nrdstb sdrvdkhib m sus fdsdbhkrbs. Hb ks hmim mprbpdmib quk jbs nrdstdmhbs prbfbndbhkh su prbpdm dfmlkh. Jm Adajdm hbs fukstrm njmrmfkhtk quk kj pukajb rkidfdib ik Idbs tdkhk quk kstmr sdkfprk nmrmntkrdzmib pbr jm cufdjimi. Nuíh drþhdnb ks trmamgmr kh btrm nujturm pmrm jm ljbrdm ik Nrdstb numhib jb kstmfbs cmndkhib nbh klbæsfb u brlujjb. _br kj nbhtrmrdb, tkhkfbs quk ks`brzmrhbs pbr skr cufdjiks kh hukstrms mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms dhtkrhmndbhmjks pbrquk hknksdtmfbs funcb fís jm lrmndm idvdhm quk kj mdrk quk rkspdrmfbs. Kh kstms y kh tbims jms ikfís

 

nbsms7 «Idbs rksdstk m jbs sbakradbs, y im lrmndm m jbs cufdjiksµ (= _. ;7;a). Jm fkhtmjdimi y jm mntdtui ik sdkrvb ks kspkndmjfkhtk dfpbrtmhtk kh jms dljksdms quk cmh ids`rutmib ik ndkrtb äxdtb rkspkntb mj nrkndfdkhtb hufärdnb ik sus fdkfarbs. Kj kspærdtu pdmibsb ik mlrmikndfdkhtb y nbh`dmhzm sk nbhvdkrtk `índjfkhtk kh jm nrkkhndm brlujjbsm ik quk smaks jb quk ks fkgbr kh btrms nujturms. Ck kstmib prkskhtk kh nbhvkrsmndbhks masurims ibhik uh jæikr ik dljksdm quk mpkhms nbhbnk kj didbfm y jms nbstufarks ik jm btrm nujturm trmtm ik «tbfmr kj nbhtrbjµ pmrm «myuimrµ m uh barkrb dhtkrhmndbhmj «m cmnkr uh fkgbr kvmhlkjdsfbµ y «cmnkr nrknkr m jm dljksdmµ. Jm fmybræm ik jms vknks, kstbs nbhskgbs sk amsmh kh dikms prmlfítdnms y nbfkrndmjks quk hb sbh aæajdnms y kstíh cufmhmfkhtk nkhtrmims kh mjluhm nujturm iktkrfdhmim. T muhquk jbs nbhskgbs skmh vkrimikrmfkhtk smadbs y aæajdnbs, sd `ukrzms ik fmhkrm iksnudimim b mprksurmim m uh fdsdbhkrb pmrm quk jbs mnkptk, jbs nbhskgbs ikgmríh ik skr mtrmntdvbs. Kh numjqudkr nmsb, ks fkgbr quk tu dljksdm ausquk pkrsbhms nbh kxpkrdkhndm kh jms fdsdbhks y nbh uh nrdtkrdb tkbjþldnb ym nbhbndib y mnkptmib pbr vbsbtrbs y, khtbhnks, bs sbfktíds m kjjms. Numhib `brfäds mjdmhzms ’kspkndmjfkhtk jms quk kstíh nkhtrmims kh jm pjmhtmndþh ik dljksdms’, hb msufíds quk kstíds ik mnukrib rkspkntb m jm tkbjblæm, sdhb ikamtdi cbhkstmfkhtk msuhtbs tmjks nbfb kj kvmhlkjdsfb, jm knjksdbjblæm, jm sbtkrdbjblæm, ktn., mhtks ik `brfmr jm mjdmhzm. M jb fkgbr hb ks su`dndkhtk quk mfams pmrtks bs jjmfäds «kvmhläjdnbsµ b pkrtkhkzníds m jm fdsfm ikhbfdhmndþh. Khtbhnks, ²nþfb ks kh jm príntdnm uhm mjdmhzm fdsdbhkrm cufdjik y nbh fkhtmjdimi ik sdkrvb2 _uks adkh, kstm njmsk ik mjdmhzm kstí nmrmntkrdzmim pbr jm vbjuhtmi ik «cmnkr fdhdstkrdbµ b «jb quk skmµ. Kstmr idspukstb m cmnkr «jb quk skmµ quk jbs barkrbs fdsdbhkrbs b jæikrks ik fdsdbhks nbhsdikrkh ÷tdj ks kj julmr nbrrkntb ibhik kfpkzmr. Kstmr idspukstb m cmnkr «jb quk skmµ sdlhd`dnm ikndr7 «²]uä pukib cmnkr pmrm skrvdrtk y nbjmabrmr nbhtdlb2 Hdhluhm jmabr fk pmrknk ikfmsdmib lrmhik hd ikfmsdmib pkqukýmµ. Kstm prkidspbsdndþh pmrm nbfkhzmr nbh nbsms pkqukýms y skr `dkjks kh uhm mjdmhzm fdsdbhkrm quk vm nrkndkhib kh prb`uhidimi, ks nrundmj pmrm `bfkhtmr jm nbh`dmhzm. Mjluhbs barkrbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks cmh pmsmib mýbs mprkhidkhib btrb didbfm k dhvbjunríhibsk kh jm nujturm, sbjb pmrm quk vkhlm uh kqudpb dhfmiurb pbr uhbs iæms y tdrk m jm amsurm mýbs ik trmamgb. _br ksb khtdkhib su

 

rknkjb. _krb numhib jm dljksdm ikfukstrm prkidspbsdndþh pmrm myuimr sd ks hknksmrdb m jbs barkrbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks kh nbsms pkqukýms y idsnrktms ’nbfb nudimr m jbs cdgbs fdkhtrms jbs pmirks kstíh kh uhm rkuhdþh ik nmpmndtmndþh’, sk lmhm jm nbh`dmhzm ik jbs barkrbs y tmfadäh jm bpbrtuhdimi pmrm prbpbhkr nbh fmhskiufark nmfadbs amsmibs kh jm Adajdm.

1. Kj jdikrmzlb pmstbrmj Kj jdikrmzlb hb kfpdkzm nbh jm pmsdþh quk kj pmstbr tdkhk pbr jms fdsdbhks (ksb ks lkhdmj, pkrb hb ks su`dndkhtk). Kfpdkzm nbh jm prkidnmndþh rklujmr ikj pmstbr m trmväs ik tbim jm Ksnrdturm, ikslrmhmhib ibfdhlb trms ibfdhlb jb quk ikfmhim ik hbsbtrbs kj kvmhlkjdb. Hukstrb Idbs ks uh Idbs fdsdbhkrb quk tdkhk pmsdþh pbr jms hmndbhks y jm Adajdm kstí rkpjktm ik ksm pmsdþh. Jm pdkirm mhlujmr quk sbstdkhk jbs jdarbs ik Fbdsäs, jms cdstbrdms, jbs prb`ktms, jbs Kvmhlkjdbs y jms Kpæstbjms, ks yjmhmndbhks pmsdþh ik(sbjb Idbsnbfb jjmfmhib m mibrmibrks tbims jms jkhlums, trdaus, pukajbs fukstrm jkk Lh. ik =171->5 Ds. =47=4-1;5 b Mp. . Amsmrsk kh jms rkjmndbhks pkrsbhmjks Jms mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms hb ikakh amsmrsk kh prbykntbs, sdhb kh rkjmndbhks pkrsbhmjks. _bikfbs skhtdrhbs dhnjdhmibs m pkhsmr quk ikakfbs tkhkr hukstrms fmhbs pukstms kh funcbs julmrks mjrkikibr ikj fuhib pmrm skr `dkjks m jm Lrmh Nbfdsdþh. _krb tkhkr uhm lrmh nmhtdimi ik nbhtmntbs kh uhm lrmh nmhtdimi ik julmrks, m fkhuib jjkvm m tkhkr uhm lrmh nmhtdimi ik rkjmndbhks supkr`dndmjks k dhk`dnmnks. Nbfb vdfbs mj dhdndb ikj nmpætujb 9, ks fís nbhvkhdkhtk pmrm jms dljksdms ksnblkr uhbs pbnbs barkrbs y jjklmr msæ m uh hdvkj ik fís dhtdfdimi nbh kjjbs y nbhbnkr fkgbr jm barm quk rkmjdzmh. Kstk tdpb ik kh`bquk rkqudkrk rknbhbnkr cufdjikfkhtk quk muhquk Idbs ks dh`dhdtb, t÷ y tu nbhlrklmndþh hb jb sbds. T ksb rkqudkrk jm idsndpjdhm y kj mfbr hknksmrdbs pmrm quk nmim vkz quk tk

 

khtkrks ik uhm hukvm bpbrtuhdimi fdsdbhmj hb nmrluks m tu nbhlrklmndþh nbh nbfprbfdsbs sdh `uhimfkhtb muhquk skmh fuy mtrmntdvbs kfbndbhmjfkhtk cmajmhib. _krb jbs rksujtmibs pmrm kj Qkdhb sbh sbrprkhikhtks numhib prkvmjknkh kstm njmsk ik idsndpjdhm y äh`msds. Ik hukvb, cmy trks prdhndpdbs quk cmh ikfbstrmib skr ÷tdjks pmrm hukstrm dljksdm nuíhib kvmjumfbs kh qudäh dhvkrtdr. Hbsbtrbs ausnmfbs `brfmr mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms nbh barkrbs quk tkhlmh jms sdludkhtks nmrmntkræstdnms7 • ]uk skmh kxnkjkhtks kh su trmamgb. ]ukrkfbs `brfmr mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms nbh barkrbs quk cmnkh uh aukh trmamgb y quk jb cmnkh sdludkhib idrkntrdnks aæajdnms. • ]uk skmh kstrmtäldnbs kh su kh`bquk. ]ukrkfbs `brfmr mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms nbh barkrbs trmamgmhib kh julmrks ibhik kj kvmhlkjdb ks pbnb nbhbndib b ibhik su trmamgb ausquk `brtmjknkr jms dljksdms jbnmjks. • ]uk skmh mfpjdmfkhtk nbhbndibs pbr jm nbhlrklmndþh. ]ukrkfbs `brfmr mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms nbh barkrbs quk hb sbjb sbh nbhbndibs pbr kj jdikrmzlb ik jm dljksdm b kstíh idspukstbs m cmnkr jb quk skm hknksmrdb pmrm ikgmrsk nbhbnkr pbr kjjbs, sdhb pbr tbim jm nbhlrklmndþh. ^d `brfms mjdmhzms nbh barkrbs quk hb sbh ik tu nbhlrklmndþh, ikaks pkhsmr kh prdfkr julmr kh kj hdvkj ik rkjmndþh quk tdkhkh nbh tu nbhlrklmndþh. _biræmds dr m vdsdtmrjbs mj pmæs ibhik trmamgmh mhtks ik `brfmr uhm mjdmhzm b`dndmj nbh kjjbs. Dhnjusb pbiræmds dhvdtmrjbs m pmsmr mjlb ik tdkfpb nbhvdvdkhib khtrk tus fdkfarbs (y hb fk rk`dkrb m uhbs iæms, sdhb m fksks). Dhvdtmr m jbs fdsdbhkrbs m pmsmr su tdkfpb vmnmndbhmj nbh tu nbhlrklmndþh y prbvkkrjks mjbgmfdkhtb lrmtds ks uhm fmhkrm ik pbtkhndmr ksm rkjmndþh. _br hbrfm lkhkrmj, kh hukstrm dljksdm hb `brfmfbs mjdmhzms b`dndmjks nbh barkrbs cmstm quk hb ckfbs pmsmib uhm aukhm nmhtdimi ik tdkfpb nbh kjjbs y kstmajkndib uhm rkjmndþh khtrk kjjbs y jm nbhlrklmndþh. Kstb cmnk quk jms nbsms skmh fís jkhtms mj prdhndpdb, pkrb kj `rutb iurmikrb quk prbiunk kh jm vdim ik tbibs hbsbtrbs ks fmlhæ`dnb.

9. Nbfprbfktkrsk `drfkfkhtk Yu dljksdm quk `brfíds kstmr idspukstm m nbfprbfktkrsk skrdmfkhtk nbh jbs barkrbs nbhtdkhk jbs quk mjdmhzms. Ikfmsdmib m fkhuib, jbs barkrbs

 

khnukhtrmh dljksdms adkhdhtkhndbhmims quk mj `dhmj sbjb jks mpbymh numhib jks vm adkh, b quk pdkrikh kj dhtkräs kh jm mjdmhzm `brfmim numhib jms ndrnuhstmhndms ik jm barm fdsdbhkrm jdfdtmh su pmrtdndpmndþh kh prbykntbs b vdmgks ik kstmhndm nbrtm. ²Hb skræm fkgbr quk tk nbfprbfktdkrms m skrvdr m uh kqudpb ik barkrbs kh numjqudkr `brfm quk kjjbs nbhsdikrkh ÷tdj2 Ydkhks quk kstmr idspukstb m cmnkr vdmgks sd kjjbs nbhsdikrmh quk ks ÷tdj. T tdkhks quk kstmr idspukstb m hb dr sd hb ks kj fbfkhtb miknumib. Ykhkr uh nbfprbfdsb `drfk tmfadäh dfpjdnm trmamgmr nbh uhm vdsdþh mfpjdm y prbykntbs m jmrlb pjmzb. Kh jbs mýbs aukhbs y kh jbs mýbs fmjbs, numhib jm mjdmhzm fdsdbhkrm quk cms `brfmib tk mjdkhtk y numhib jm mjdmhzm fdsdbhkrm quk cms `brfmib tk iksmjdkhtk. Kh ÷jtdfb julmr, kstk nbfprbfdsb tdkhk quk qukimr rk`jkgmib kh kj ikskb ik lbzmrsk cmndkhib jms nbsms nbh skrdkimi y `dikjdimi aæajdnm, muh numhib kj `rutb sk nbh fmhd`dkstk ^djmjbmjdmhzm cmnks ik kstm fmhkrm, myuimrís m jbs ik barkrbs qudkhksjkhtmfkhtk. cms `brfmib m rksdstdr jm jjmfmim skiuntbrm jbs rksujtmibs vdsdajks dhfkidmtbs quk cm prbvbnmib quk funcæsdfbs ik kjjbs kfpdknkh rkamgmhib kj kvmhlkjdb y mnmakh idstbrsdbhíhibjb kh ausnm ikj «äxdtbµ rípdib. Yu nbfprbfdsb nbh jm `dikjdimi myuimrí m tus fdsdbhkrbs m pkrskvkrmr kh jm prbnjmfmndþh ik uh kvmhlkjdb sdh miujtkrmr dhnjusb numhib hb sk vkmh jbs rksujtmibs.

;. Dhvbjunrmr m tbim jm nbhlrklmndþh Ymfpbnb tkhiræm quk sbrprkhikrhbs quk numhib uhm dljksdm smhm `brfm uhm mjdmhzm fdsdbhkrm, lkhkrmjfkhtk im pbr ckncb quk jbs prbpdktmrdbs rkmjks ik idncm mjdmhzm ks jm nbhlrklmndþh mj nbfpjktb y hb sbjb mjluhbs jæikrks. Numhib sk cmnk khtkhikr mj fdkfarb nbf÷h ik jm dljksdm pmrtk ikj prbpþsdtb y kj rufab ik jm mjdmhzm fdsdbhkrm rkndäh `brfmim, kj tkrrkhb pmrm uhm rkjmndþh `runtæ`krm qukim mabhmib. Kstb sk pukik `bfkhtmr dh`brfmhib rklujmrfkhtk m tbim jm nbhlrklmndþh ik nþfb jm dljksdm kstí nbjmabrmhib nbh jm barm dhtkrhmndbhmj. Kh fd prbpdm dljksdm cmnkfbs kstb imhib uh arkvk dh`brfk kh jms rkuhdbhks ik fdkfarbs y brmhib rklujmrfkhtk pbr jbs fdsdbhkrbs kh jbs nujtbs ikj ibfdhlbs pbr jm tmrik. _mrm jjklmr m kstk puhtb, hukstrb jdikrmzlb cm kstmib khskýmhib quk prkbnupmrsk rklujmrfkhtk pbr jms fdsdbhks ks uhm pmrtk hbrfmj ik jm vdim nrdstdmhm `dkj y hb mjlb bpndbhmj. _mrm hbsbtrbs, kstb cm sdlhd`dnmib kjdfdhmr

 

jbs nbfdtäs kspkndmjks ik fdsdbhks y khtrklmr m jbs mhndmhbs ik jm dljksdm jm supkrvdsdþh ik hukstrbs prbykntbs fdsdbhmjks. Kstm ikndsdþh cm myuimib m jbs fdkfarbs m khtkhikr quk jms fdsdbhks sbh pmrtk vdtmj ikj fdhdstkrdb knjksdmj y hb uhb ik khtrk jbs funcbs fdhdstkrdbs bpndbhmjks y sknuhimrdbs quk sbjb jks dhtkrksmh m jms pkrsbhms quk jks lustm «ksk tdpb ik nbsmsµ. Mikfís, ks dfpbrtmhtk dhvbjunrmr m jm nbhlrklmndþh kh jm brmndþh pbr jms fdsdbhks. Kh hukstrm prbpdm dljksdm, nmim ibfdhlb pbr jm tmrik ksnuncmfbs uh arkvk dh`brfk iurmhtk uhb b ibs fdhutbs ik mjluhb ik jbs barkrbs quk mpbymfbs ’ik uh tbtmj ik vkdhtk’ y khtbhnks brmfbs pbr äj b kjjm. ^bjkfbs imr mjbgmfdkhtb m jbs barkrbs numhib vdkhkh m jm nduimi y jks cmnkfbs uhm khtrkvdstm mhtk tbim jm nbhlrklmndþh brmhib ikspuäs pbr kjjbs. Ymfadäh dfprdfdfbs uhm luæm ik brmndþh nbh jbs hbfarks y iktmjjks lkhkrmjks ik jbs barkrbs quk mpbymfbs y juklb sk jm khtrklmfbs m nmim fdkfarb ik hukstrm dljksdm. ^dkfprk quk jms fkidims ik sklurdimi jb pkrfdtkh, pbhkfbs m idspbsdndþh tbibs jbs fdkfarbs ’y hbhukstrbs sbjb ikj barkrbs. «njua ik jms fdsdbhksµ’  jbs hbfarksik y jms nduimiks ibhik rksdikh

0. _rbykntmr m jmrlb pjmzb _br ÷jtdfb, jms mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms fís `runtæ`krms y cufdjiks sbh jms quk pbr hbrfm lkhkrmj kstíh prbykntmims m jmrlb pjmzb. Kstb qudkrk ikndr quk tu dljksdm tdkhk quk ks`brzmrsk pbr prkpmrmr ik khtrk su prbpdm fkfarksæm m barkrbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks quk trmamgkh kh prbykntbs m jmrlb pjmzb. Numhib `brfms uhm mjdmhzm, ²pbr quä hb kxpjdnms njmrmfkhtk quk kj bagktdvb ks quk mjluhbs ik tus prbpdbs fdkfarbs iksmrrmdlukh sus vdims y jms pjmhtkh kh btrm nujturm nbh uh prbykntb m jmrlb pjmzb pmrm jm ljbrdm ikj kvmhlkjdb2 T sd tmfadäh ks pbsdajk, ²pbr quä hb mspdrms m `brfmr kh kj `uturb uh kqudpb fdsdbhkrb nbfpjktb kh tu prbpdm dljksdm b kh nbjmabrmndþh nbh btrms dljksdms ckrfmhms2 @brfmr uh kqudpb quk tkhlm jm fdsfm m`dhdimi tkbjþldnm iksik sus dhdndbs hb rksbjvkrí tbibs jbs prbajkfms, pkrb ndkrtmfkhtk kjdfdhmrí funcbs ik kjjbs. Nkhtrmrsk kh prbykntbs m jmrlb pjmzb tmfadäh supbhirí cmnkr vdmgks ik kstmhndm nbrtm nbh jm dikm ik quk sk nbhvdkrtmh kh vdmgks ik jmrlm kstmhndm. Kh julmr ik prbvkkr sdfpjks «kxpkrdkhndms fdsdbhkrmsµ, dhtkhtm pjmhd`dnmr vdmgks quk mpbykh jm barm ik jbs kqudpbs kstmajks nbh jbs quk kstís nbfprbfktdib. Nbhsdikrm tus vdmgks ik mpbyb ik kstmhndm nbrtm nbfb jm fmhkrm prdhndpmj ik

 

mpbymr m tus fdsdbhkrbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks kh numjqudkr fmhkrm quk hknksdtkh y, ik fmhkrm sknuhimrdm, nbfb kj fkidb pmrm mhdfmr m tus prbpdbs fdkfarbs m uhdrsk m jm barm m jmrlb pjmzb. Kh lkhkrmj, jbs barkrbs ikj nmfpb fdsdbhkrb hknksdtmh ’uh iæm sæ y kj btrb tmfadäh’ jm myuim ik fís fmhbs y hb sbjmfkhtk mfdlbs quk kstíh ik pmsb. QK@JKSDBHK^ @DHMJK^ Kstms skds numjdimiks nbhtrdaudríh nbhsdikrmajkfkhtk m quk jms mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms quk `brfks ljbrd`dqukh fís m Idbs y, sdh iuim, m quk skmh fís `runtæ`krms pmrm tbibs. Kh mjl÷h fbfkhtb hknksdtmrís skr fís njmrb y nbhnrktb rkspkntb m jms `uhndbhks ik mjluhms pkrsbhms y sus rkspbhsmadjdimiks kspknæ`dnms. T numhib jms tkhlms quk ik`dhdr, rknukrim quk ks fkgbr trmtmr jm mjdmhzm fdsdbhkrm nbfb sd `ukrm uhm mibpndþh `mfdjdmr b uh fmtrdfbhdb y hb nbfb sd `ukrm uh nbhtrmtb b uhm `usdþh nbrpbrmtdvm. _ukik quk cmym uh tdkfpb pmrm ksnrdadr ibnufkhtbs, pkrb kj julmr ibhik kfpdkzm jm mjdmhzm fdsdbhkrm ks nbh jms rkjmndbhks pkrsbhmjks, jm cufdjimi y jm nbh`dmhzm. Ks dfpbrtmhtk `brfmr mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms pdmibsms hb sbjb nbh fdsdbhkrbs dhidvdiumjks u barkrbs jbnmjks, sdhb tmfadäh nbh jms brlmhdzmndbhks pmrmknjksdmjks. Ykhkfbs quk nbhbnkr tmh adkh nbfb pbimfbs m jms pkrsbhms quk kstíh supkrvdsmhib idrkntmfkhtk m hukstrbs fdkfarbs b mqukjjbs nbh qudähks ckfbs `brfmib jm mjdmhzm. Jm fmybræm ik kstms nmrmntkræstdnms amsmims kh jms rkjmndbhks pkrsbhmjks, jm nbh`dmhzm y kj nbfprbfdsb tmfadäh sk mpjdnmh m kjjbs. Qknbhbnkr quk kj mfbr y kj rkspktb futub sbh jm amsk ik jms mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms hb ks sbjb uhm dikm pruikhtk, ks uhm dikm aæajdnm. Kh jm nmrtm ik _majb m jbs @djdpkhsks nmptmfbs uh ikstkjjb fmrmvdjjbsb ik jm smhm mjdmhzm fdsdbhkrm m jmrlb pjmzb `uhimim kh jm nbh`dmhzm y jm rkjmndþh pkrsbhmj7 «_brquk Idbs fk ks tkstdlb ik nþfb bs mfb m tbibs vbsbtrbs nbh kj khtrmýmajk mfbr ik Gksunrdstbµ (@dj. =73). Kstk væhnujb kstmam `ukrtkfkhtk nmrmntkrdzmib pbr kj nbfprbfdsb m jmrlb pjmzb7 «U... V pbr vukstrm nbfuhdþh kh kj kvmhlkjdb, iksik kj prdfkr iæm cmstm mcbrmµ (@dj. =7;) Jm nmrtm ik _majb kstí smturmim ik mfbr, prkbnupmndþh futum y nbfprbfdsb m jmrlb pjmzb. Ksm ks uhm nmusm hbajk m jm quk mspdrmr kh hukstrms mjdmhzms fdsdbhkrms. Mj dlumj quk _majb y jbs `djdpkhsks, tmfadäh qukrrkfbs fdrmr mtrís rknbrimhib jbs mýbs kh jbs quk nbjmabrmfbs nbhguhtmfkhtk kh jm barm fdsdbhkrm y ikndr nbh

 

lbzb y nkrtkzm7 «Mj Idbs y _mirk hukstrb skm ljbrdm pbr jbs sdljbs ik jbs sdljbs. Mfähµ (@dj. 971?). NM_ÆY[JB 0

NÞFB QK@BQFMQ JM^ FD^DBHK^ IK I[QMNDÞH NBQYM Kh `karkrb ik =3=1, Mibhdrmf Guisbh suadþ m abrib ik uh amrnb nbh ikstdhb m jm Dhidm mamhibhmhib su nmsm y cblmr pbr mfbr mj kvmhlkjdb. Mhtks ik pmrtdr, vkhidþ jm fmybræm ik sus pbsksdbhks y sk ikspdidþ ik su `mfdjdm y mfdlbs khtrk jílrdfms. Hb vbjvkræm m KK. [[. cmstm trkdhtm mýbs fís tmrik y sbjb pmrm uhm arkvk vdsdtm. Furdþ kh jm Dhidm kh kj mýb =3;?, ikspuäs ik trkdhtm y sdktk mýbs ik skrvdndb fdsdbhkrb prdhndpmjfkhtk kh jm nduimi ik Aurfm. Kstk tdpb ik vdim fdsdbhkrm `uk mjlb nbf÷h khtrk jbs fdsdbhkrbs ik su lkhkrmndþh. Ibs sdljbs fís tmrik, kh `karkrb ik 1?=1, Ybhd tmfadäh sk `uk m jm Dhidm pbr mfbr mj kvmhlkjdb. _krb m id`krkhndm ik Guisbh, äj hb vkhidþ hmim (sbjb mjluhbs pmstkjdjjbs pmrm rknblkr `bhibs). Hb sk ikspdidþ ik su `mfdjdm y mfdlbs khtrk jílrdfms, hd tmfpbnb kstuvb vdvdkhib trkdhtm mýbs kh kj kxtrmhgkrb mhtks ik vbjvkr m nmsm. Ik ckncb, numhib tbfþ kj vukjb nbh ikstdhb m jm Dhidm ym tkhæm kj adjjktk pmrm vbjvkr m nmsm kh ibs skfmhms. Kh kstk skhtdib, Ybhd mj dlumj quk Guisbh mhtks quk äj, `uk uh fdsdbhkrb tæpdnb ik su prbpdm lkhkrmndþh. _rbamajkfkhtk, jm jjklmim ik jbs vdmgks fdsdbhkrbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks ik kstmhndm nbrtm cm sdib kj fmybr nmfadb kh kj ksnkhmrdb fuhidmj ik jms fdsdbhks. Ybhd, hukstrb pkrsbhmgk `dntdndb, rkprkskhtm ksk nmfadb. ^k kstdfm quk fís ik uh =.???.??? ik kstmibuhdikhsks pmrtdndpm kh vdmgks fdsdbhkrbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks ik kstmhndm nbrtm nmim mýb, `rkhtk m uh kstdfmib ik 1;.??? kh kj mýb =43?. Iurmhtk kstk fdsfb pkræbib, kj h÷fkrb ik fdsdbhkrbs kstmibuhdikhsks trmamgmhib kh prbykntbs m jmrlb pjmzb mpkhms cm mufkhtmib (sd ks quk cm mufkhtmib mjlb)=. Kstm tkhikhndm ks jm fdsfm kh btrbs pmæsks. ²]uä tkhkfbs quk pkhsmr ik kstk nmfadb fmsdvb ik rknursbs2 ²Ks mjlb aukhb b fmjb2 ²Nþfb pukikh hukstrms dljksdms rkspbhikr m kstm tkhikhndm nbh

 

smadiuræm2 T jb quk ks fís dfpbrtmhtk, ²quä hbs idnk jm Adajdm mnkrnm ik jms fdsdbhks ik kstmhndm nbrtm2 ²Ydkhk Idbs uh julmr pmrm kjjms kh jm fdsdþh fuhidmj ik su Dljksdm2 ²QKMJDWÞ _MAJB PDMGK^ FD^DBHKQB^ IK I[QMNDÞH NBQYM2 Kh su kxnkjkhtk jdarb Fmne mhi Jkkmhh—s Ludik tb ^cbrt-Ykrf Fdssdbhs1, Fmne y Jkkmhh ^tdjks kfpdkzmh kvmjumhib arkvkfkhtk kgkfpjbs ik fdsdbhks ik iurmndþh nbrtm quk sk khnukhtrmh kh jm Adajdm. Jbs mutbrks trmzmh jm rutm y jm iksnrdpndþh ikj prdfkr vdmgk fdsdbhkrb ik _majb y skýmjmh mjluhbs puhtbs fuy dhtkrksmhtks. _rdfkrb, kj mpþstbj _majb rmrms vkz pkrfmhkndþ kh uhm nduimi fís ik uhbs fksks. T skluhib, cdzb kstk vdmgk nbfpjktb kh fkhbs ik uh mýb y fkidb y ikspuäs vbjvdþ m nmsm5 su Dljksdm fdsdbhkrm kh Mhtdbquæm. Mjluhbs pbiræmh ikndr nbh ndkrtm rmzþh quk kj prdfkr vdmgk ik _majb `uk kh rkmjdimi uhm skrdk nbhsknutdvm ik vdmgks fdsdbhkrbs ik iurmndþh nbrtm, pkrb kstm baskrvmndþh sbjbnbrtm. ks ÷tdj pmrm jbs quk prktkhikh iksnmrtmr ik mhtkfmhb jms fdsdbhks ik kstmhndm Hb bastmhtk, cmy btrbs iktmjjks quk tmfadäh ikakfbs tkhkr kh nukhtm. _br uh jmib, _majb hb pmrknk quk tuvdkrm jm hknksdimi ik mprkhikr didbfms pmrm prkidnmr kj kvmhlkjdb mjjæ ibhik vdmgmam. Jm dh`jukhndm ik Lrkndm kh kj fuhib fkidtkrríhkb jb cdzb dhhknksmrdb. T smjvb mjluhms kxnkpndbhks, pmrknk quk sus vdmgks fdsdbhkrbs ik iurmndþh nbrtm hb `ukrbh nbrtbs pbr su prbpdm ikndsdþh (kh nmsd tbibs ksbs nmsbs sk tuvb quk fmrncmr pbr jm bpbsdndþh b kj rkncmzb, hb ikadib m uhm tíntdnm prkfkidtmim). Iksnbhbnkfbs kj tdkfpb quk sk cuadkrm qukimib kh kstbsquk julmrks sd jms ndrnuhstmhndms cuadkrmh sdib id`krkhtks, muh msæ, vkfbs mjluhms vknks sæ pjmhd`dnmam qukimrsk kh uh julmr sbjb pbr uh pkræbib nbrtb ik tdkfpb (Cnc. 1?7=-1). ^dh kfamrlb, jm fmybræm ik kstbs vdmgks `ukrbh pmrm vdsdtmr m nbhlrklmndbhks ik nrdstdmhbs ym kstmajkndims, hb pmrm pjmhtmr hukvms dljksdms (Cnc. 1?7;-. _rkpírmtk pmrm lmstmrtk m td fdsfb y skr lmstmib Yrmamgmr kh kj kxtrmhgkrb, dhnjuykhib jm id`krkhndm cbrmrdm y kj mfadkhtk kxtrmýb, ks

 

mlbtmibr. _rkpírmtk pmrm lmstmrtk mhdfmhib y myuimhib m jbs barkrbs ik tu dljksdm. Njmrmfkhtk, kstb hb sdkfprk skrí idvkrtdib, pkrb numhib tk sdkhtms nmhsmib, rknukrim pbrquä  kstís  kstís nmhsmib. Ks kj nmhsmhndb ik jm khtrklm sdh jæfdtks mj Qkdhb ik hukstrb ^kýbr. Ikgm quk dhnjusb tu nmhsmhndb tk rknukrik jm vmjæm ikj kvmhlkjdb.

9. ^ä `jkxdajk kh tus pjmhks Jbs vdmgks ik kstmhndm nbrtm nmsd huhnm skríh nbfb pjmhkms. _rkpírmtk nbh mhtkjmndþh pmrm mnkptmr ksb. [hm ik jms fmhkrms fís pmjpmajks kh jm quk jms dljksdms pukikh skrvdr m jbs barkrbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks ks hb khtrmhib kh píhdnb numhib jbs pjmhks nmfadkh y hb pdidkhib m jbs barkrbs quk sk khnmrlukh ik tbib. _rkpírmtk nbh mhtkjmndþh pmrm ikskncmr lbzbsmfkhtk tus pjmhks sd ks hknksmrdb y mnkptmr kj fdhdstkrdb ik «jb quk vkhlmµ. Qknukrim quk tu fktm prdhndpmj hb ks jjkvmr m nmab uhm tmrkm kh pmrtdnujmr, sdhb mhdfmr m cbfarks y fugkrks quk cmh ikgmib funcms nbsms mtrís pmrm jm ljbrdm ikj kvmhlkjdb. Jm fmybræm jms vknks, fmhkrmfís, ik mhdfmrjks cmnkrhmim numjqudkr nbsm quk kjjbsik pdkhskh quk jm jksfkgbr vm m mhdfmr muhquk hbkstkhlm quk vkr nbh hukstrbs pjmhks b prk`krkhndms.

;. Cmz prkluhtms y mprkhik _mrtk ik jb quk sdlhd`dnm skr cufdjik nbhsdstk kh imrtk nukhtm ik quk hb jb smaks tbib y kh kstmr idspukstb m cmnkr prkluhtms y mprkhikr. Hb msufms quk pbrquk smaks nþfb cmnkr mjlb adkh kh tu nmsm, smaks nþfb cmnkrjb adkh kh btrb nbhtkxtb. Cbhrm m mqukjjbs quk vdvkh kh btrms nujturms cmndkhib prkluhtms y kstmhib idspukstb m mprkhikr ik kjjbs. 0. Mjdkhtm m tus fdsdbhkrbs Dhnjusb sd hb smakfbs funcb, cmy mjluhms nbsms ik jms quk pbikfbs kstmr masbjutmfkhtk sklurbs. Idbs ks aukhb y tbib jb cmnk skl÷h su vbjuhtmi (^mj. ==;7>5 Gh. =?7==). Kstms ibs vkrimiks sbh kj ibajk pdjmr ik jm nbh`dmhzm nrdstdmhm5 Idbs ks aukhb y Idbs ks sbakrmhb. Qknukrim m jbs fdsdbhkrbs kstms ibs vkrimiks ik tbims jms fmhkrms pbsdajks. Cíajmjks ik tu prbpdb ikjkdtk kh jm abhimi ik Idbs y kh su nbhtrbj sbark tbims jms nbsms. Cmndkhib kstb akhikndrís m jbs fdsdbhkrbs y `brtmjknkrís kj pdjmr ik su nbh`dmhzm kh su barm. ^d ik vkrimi nbfprkhikfbs kstm rkmjdimi, ²ik quä hbs tkhkfbs quk prkbnupmr2 Gh. ;-3). _rkpírmtk pmrm nudimr sdh jæfdtks ik tus barkrbs, muh fís mjjí ik jb quk pmrknk rmzbhmajk. _rkpírmtk pmrm cmnkrjb nbfb sd jb kstuvdkrms cmndkhib pmrm Idbs fdsfb. Kstb prbamrí hb sbjb quk jbs vmjbrms nbfb pkrsbhms, sdhb tmfadäh quk vmjbrms prb`uhimfkhtk kj lrmh kvmhlkjdb quk prkidnmh.

3. Nbhtähtmtk nbh jb quk rkndams Kh kstk tdpb ik vdmgks, pukiks nmkr `índjfkhtk kh jm mntdtui ik7 «^by uh turdstm5 særvkfkµ. Funcbs barkrbs fk nukhtmh cdstbrdms ik pkrsbhms quk vmh m «skrvdrjksµ sbjb pmrm kxdldr quk jks khtrktkhlmh, jks myuikh y jks sdrvmh. Numhib vdmgmfbs mj kxtrmhgkrb, hbs khnbhtrmfbs nbh `rknukhndm rbikmibs ik julmrks fmrmvdjjbsbs y ks nbfpjktmfkhtk hbrfmj quk qukrmfbs ids`rutmr ksbs iæms sdkfprk quk hb mýmimfbs uhm nmrlm kxtrm m mqukjjbs quk ikndfbs quk ckfbs dib m skrvdr. ^ä nudimibsb mj rkspkntb. _rkpírmtk pmrm ikgmr ik jmib nbsms quk uh pbiræms ids`rutmr y sdrvk m mqukjjbs quk `udstk akhikndr. Ikakræms khnbhtrmr khbrfk lbzb kh skrvdrjks, sdh dfpbrtmr jbs msdtdbs quk pukims vdsdtmr.

4. ^ä pmndkhtk M trmväs ik hukstrm pmndkhndm fbstrmfbs jm kvdikhndm tmhldajk ik uhm cufdjimi smturmim ikj kvmhlkjdb. Numhib jks pdims m jbs barkrbs fdsdbhkrbs quk cmlmh, rkpmrkh b kxpjdqukh mjluhm nbsm, sä pmndkhtk nbh sus rkspukstms. Kj trmhspbrtk kh funcbs pmæsks ks `rustrmhtk k dhk`dnmz. Cmy uh lrmh h÷fkrb ik nujturms quk cmnkh jms nbsms m uh rdtfb id`krkhtk mj hukstrb y jms pktdndbhks quk pkhsmfbs quk[hm sbhvkz skhndjjms pukikh kh lrmh rkmjdimi rkqukrdr funcbjbs trmamgb pmrtk ik mjludkh. fís, kstm ks uhm `brfm ik skrvdrhbs uhbsik m jbs btrbs y m hukstrbs barkrbs5 sdkhib pmndkhtks y nbh`dmhib kh Idbs, muh numhib jms nbsms hb sk cmlmh m jm vkjbndimi quk hbs lustmræm.

=?. Nähtrmtk kh jm ljbrdm ik Idbs kh jms hmndbhks _br supukstb, tbibs kstbs iktmjjks sbh sdfpjkfkhtk mpjdnmndbhks ik jm ÷hdnm y fís dfpbrtmhtk vkrimi nbh jm numj nbfkhzmfbs kstbs idkz puhtbs7 Idbs ks ljbrdbsb y idlhb ik skr mjmamib. ^u prbfksm ik pkriþh, rkikhndþh y nbfuhdþh tdkhk fís vmjæm quk hmim quk pbimfbs tkhkr b dfmldhmr. Hb sk trmtm ik mprkhikr kstms pbnms y skhndjjms rkljms. ^k trmtm ik fkidtmr prb`uhimfkhtk kh kj kvmhlkjdb pmrm ikspuäs ausnmr fmhkrms ik mpjdnmr jms

 

dfpjdnmndbhks ik kstk kvmhlkjdb m hukstrm kxpkrdkhndm kh kj kxtrmhgkrb. ^mt÷rmtk ik fkidtmndbhks mnkrnm ik jm lrmndm btbrlmim kh kj kvmhlkjdb y ikgm quk ksb rkabsk kh tus pmjmarms y barms. ^d jb cmnks, kstby nbfpjktmfkhtk sklurb ik quk trmkrís jm akhidndþh ljbrdbsm ik Nrdstb m tu vdmgk y m tbims jms ikfís írkms ik tu vdim. QK@JKSDBHK^ @DHMJK^ Ybib kstb rkqukrdrí mgustks kh jm `brfm kh jm nuíj mjluhms dljksdms kh`bnmh jms fdsdbhks ik kstmhndm nbrtm. _mrm btrms dljksdms, rkqukrdrí tbim uhm rk`brfm nbfpjktm ik jms fdsdbhks ik iurmndþh nbrtm. _krb sd kstb tdkhk uh kh`bquk aæajdnb, tdkhk kj mrbfm ik jm cufdjimi nrdstdmhm y tdkhk smadiuræm, ²khtbhnks pbr quä hb vms m nmfadmr jb quk skm hknksmrdb2 ^klurmfkhtk, mjluhbs ik jbs fdkfarbs quk jjkvmh mýbs vdmgmhib ik fmhkrms fkhbs ÷tdjks sk skhtdríh iknkpndbhmibs. T pbr iksnbhtmib, tdkhks quk skr smadb mfmajk ymjprbajkfms nmfadmr jms nbsms, pkrb jbs tkhdkhib nmhtdimi idhkrb,y tdkfpb quk mnmrrkmh vdmgks kh ik nukhtm kstmhndmjm nbrtm, sdh ik iuim qukrrkfbs fkidtmr nudimibsmfkhtk kh nþfb nbhvkrtdrjbs kh mjlb vkrimikrmfkhtk ÷tdj. ²Mnmsb hb ks ksm hukstrm fktm prdhndpmj2 NM_ÆY[JB <

NÞFB MJNMHWMQ M JM^ HMNDBHK^ M YQMPÄ^ IK BYQB^ FKIDB^ Jm kskhndm jm bakidkhndm fdsdbhkrm jm Lrmh Nbfdsdþh m jbs pbr barkrbs ikjik kvmhlkjdb y mpbymrjbs pmrmmnbhlrklmr pkrsbhmsks khkhvdmr jms dljksdms khndfm ik jms amrrkrms äthdnms, nujturmjks b lkblrí`dnms (Ft. =37=3-1?). Ksb ks jb quk qukrkfbs ikndr nbh jm pmjmarm «fdsdbhksµ. M jb jmrlb ik jm cdstbrdm nrdstdmhm, ksb cm sdib y nbhtdh÷m sdkhib kj lbzb y jm bajdlmndþh ik nmim dljksdm `dkj (> Gh. ?.??? dhidbs! Dhnjusb Nbjufaus-Bcdb y sus mjrkikibrks tdkhkh mjrkikibr ik =0.??? dhfdlrmhtks rkndkhtkfkhtk jjklmibs ik jm Dhidm1. Funcbs ik hbsbtrbs hb tkhkfbs quk tbfmr vukjbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks pmrm mjnmhzmr m pkrsbhms ik btrms rkjdldbhks y nujturms. Ymh sbjb hknksdtmfbs mardr hukstrbs bgbs, fdrmr mjrkikibr y mjnmhzmr m jms hmndbhks kh hukstrbs prbpdbs pukajbs y nduimiks. Nurdbsmfkhtk, jm barm ikj kvmhlkjdb kh hukstrms prbpdms nduimiks pmrknk fís dhtdfdimhtk quk uh vdmgk ik ibs skfmhms mjrkikibr ikj fuhib. pkrsbhms quk sdfpjkfkhtk hb mjnmhzmims smakh iþhikb nþfb kfpkzmr, iþhikmj khnbhtrmrFuncms jms pbajmndbhks hb cmh sdib jjkvmrjms kvmhlkjdb. _krb sd sbfbs nmpmnks ik cmnkr uh ks`ukrzb pmrm jjkvmr kj kvmhlkjdb m julmrks jkgmhbs, ²pbr quä hb `dgmrhbs kh jms pkrsbhms quk Idbs cm trmæib cmstm hukstrm prbpdm pukrtm2 Hb kxdstk uhm rknktm fíldnm pmrm smakr nþfb mhdfmr m hukstrms nbhlrklmndbhks m rkmjdzmr kstm barm. Kj julmr ibhik vdvks, qudäh vdvk m tu mjrkikibr y nþfb ks tu nbhlrklmndþh dh`jukhndmrí jm `brfm kh jm quk pukiks dhvbjunrmrtk kh mjnmhzmr m jms hmndbhks. Pmfbs m fkidtmr mnkrnm ik mjluhbs prdhndpdbs ÷tdjks y rk`jkxdbhmr mnkrnm ik jms kxpkrdkhndms ik fd prbpdm dljksdm jbnmj.

=. Dhvkstdlmr Kj prdfkr pmsb ks ausnmr quä pkrsbhms ik btrms nujturms b lrupbs äthdnbs vdvkh kh tu írkm. Kstb ks tmh skhndjjb nbfb pbhkr mtkhndþh fdkhtrms nbhiunks pbr id`krkhtks pmrtks ik tu nduimi. ²Cmy funcbs fkrnmibs ik mjdfkhtbs «cmjmj>µ kh mjluhm sknndþh ik jm nduimi nkrnmhm m td2 Jb fís sklurb ks quk tkhlms vkndhbs fusujfmhks. Pdsdtmr tdkhims ik nbfdim äthdnm ks uhm fmhkrm kspkndmjfkhtk aukhm ik mprkhikr mnkrnm ik kthdms kspknæ`dnms b nbfuhdimiks rkjdldbsms y rkjmndbhmrtk nbh kjjms. Kstbs nbfkrndbs tdkhkh m fkhuib tmajkrbs ik mhuhndbs nbh

 

dh`brfmndþh rk`krkhtk m kvkhtbs, `kstdvmjks y hknksdimiks ik jm nbfuhdimi quk pukikh prbvkkr bpbrtuhdimiks pmrm nbhbnkr fkgbr idncms kthdms y kstmajknkr rkjmndbhks nbh kjjms. T pbr iksnbhtmib, uhm sdfpjk dhvkstdlmndþh kh dhtkrhkt idrkntmfkhtk rkjmndbhmim nbh kj tdpb ik pbajmndþh quk cmy kh tu nbfuhdimi tmfadäh ks mjlb `índj y ÷tdj.

1. Ybfmr jm dhdndmtdvm ^km jb quk skm jb quk iksnuarms mnkrnm ik tu nbfuhdimi, sklurmfkhtk cmrí quk tu nbhlrklmndþh sk mhdfk y sk dhvbjunrk. Kh fd dljksdm jbnmj jjklmfbs m jm nbhnjusdþh ik quk jm pbajmndþh prdhndpmj ik kxtrmhgkrbs kh hukstrm nbfuhdimi kstmam `brfmim pbr kstuidmhtks. _br tmhtb, nbfkhzmfbs m brmr ik vkz kh numhib kh hukstrbs nujtbs ik brmndþh pmrm quk Idbs hbs pkrfdtdkrm mjnmhzmr nbh kj kvmhlkjdb m jbs kstuidmhtks dhtkrhmndbhmjks. Hb bastmhtk, nbfb jm ikpkhikhndm kh Idbs m trmväs ik jm brmndþh hb kstí khkfdstmim nbh jmKstk dhdndmtdvm cufmhm, uhb ik hukstrbs cmnkr mjlb mj rkspkntb. ckrfmhb sk skhtmam guhtb m btrb mhndmhbs fdkfarbikndidþ ik jm dljksdm quk krm ik ^dhlmpur y sk cmaæm nbhvkrtdib kstuidmhib kh Jbhirks. Kstk gbvkh kfpkzþ m brlmhdzmr uh kstuidb aæajdnb pmrm kstuidmhtks dhtkrhmndbhmjks prbvkykhib msæ jm kstrunturm y kj fbikjb pmrm kvmhlkjdzmrjks. Nbh kj pmsb ikj tdkfpb, kj prbykntb sk trmhs`brfþ kh njmsks ik dhljäs b`rkndims kh ibs nmfpus ik jms uhdvkrsdimiks jbnmjks y kh uhm rki ibhik jbs fdkfarbs ik jm dljksdm sk rkuhæmh dhidvdiumjfkhtk nbh kstuidmhtks dhtkrksmibs kh kstuidmr jm Adajdm kh dhljäs. Numhib hbs idfbs nukhtm, fís ik ndhnukhtm fdkfarbs ik jm dljksdm sk kstmamh rkuhdkhib skfmhmjfkhtk pmrm kstuidmr jm Adajdm nbh kstuidmhtks ik pmæsks ibhik kj kvmhlkjdsfb kstmam kstrdntmfkhtk prbcdadib. >. _rbamr nbsms id`krkhtks ²Ik quä fmhkrm pbiræm tu prbpdm nbhlrklmndþh prbamr nbsms id`krkhtks2 M jb fkgbr pbiræm brlmhdzmr njmsks ik dhljäs kh jm dljksdm, b jbs fdkfarbs sk pbiræmh uhdr m njuaks jbnmjks ik `÷tabj pmrm miujtbs ibhik sukjkh cmakr funcbs kxtrmhgkrbs. B pbiræmh dhvbjunrmrsk kh prbykntbs quk myuimrmh m jbs rk`uldmibs m rkstmajknkrsk, b pbiræmh b`rknkrsk ik vbjuhtmrdbs pmrm rknblkr m jbs kstuidmhtks dhtkrhmndbhmjks quk mtkrrdzmh pbr prdfkrm vkz kh kj mkrbpukrtb. Ybims kstms nbsms sbh kxnkjkhtks puhtbs ik pmrtdim. _krb jm fkgbr fmhkrm ik mjnmhzmr m jbs kxtrmhgkrbs ks sdfpjkfkhtk skr mfmajk y sdfpítdnb numhib tk tbpks nbh kjjbs kh jms tdkhims, kh jm nmjjk b kh tu amrrdb.

 

9. Cmajmr nbh jms pkrsbhms [hm fdkfarb ik hukstrm dljksdm nbhbndþ m uhm fugkr fusujfmhm quk kfpkzþ m trmamgmr kh jm pkjuqukræm ibhik kjjm sk mrrkljmam kj pkjb. Jm prdfkrm vkz quk jm fugkr nrdstdmhm cmajþ nbh jm fusujfmhm, fkhndbhþ quk sk kstmam mrrkljmhib kj pkjb pmrm msdstdr m jm abim ik uhbs mfdlbs. Khtbhnks jk prkluhtþ m jm fugkr fusujfmhm ’njmrmfkhtk rkndäh jjklmim mj pmæs’ sd mjluhm vkz cmaæm msdstdib m uhm abim nrdstdmhm. Hb jb cmaæm ckncb huhnm. Msæ quk kstm nrdstdmhm dhvdtþ mjjæ fdsfb m jm fugkr fusujfmhm m dr nbh kjjm ksk `dh ik skfmhm m jm abim kh hukstrm dljksdm. Jm fugkr `uk, ksnuncþ kj kvmhlkjdb y hmndþ uhm hukvm mfdstmi. _ukik skr msæ ik `índj. ;. _rmntdnmr jm cbspdtmjdimi dhtkrhmndbhmj dhtkrhmndbhmj Ik `brfm nbfprkhsdajk, jm fmybræm ik jbs vdsdtmhtks k dhfdlrmhtks rkndäh jjklmibs kstíh ikskmhib nbhbnkr m jm lkhtk jbnmj y khtkhikr su nujturm. Jmfkhtmajkfkhtk, nmsd tbims jms kstmiæstdnms rk`jkgmh quk kj 3? pbr ndkhtb ik jbs kstuidmhtks dhtkrhmndbhmjks hb quk jjklmh m vkr ikkstmiæstdnms uh cblmr kstmibuhdikhsk iurmhtk kj tdkfpb vdvkh khkjkjdhtkrdbr pmæs. (Jm rk`krkhtks m jbs dhfdlrmhtks pkrfmhkhtks sbh sbjb uh pbnb fkgbrks). Kstm ks uhm lrmh bpbrtuhdimi pmrm quk jbs nrdstdmhbs kgkrzmh jm cbspdtmjdimi, y pmrm quk t÷, nbfb jæikr b fdkfarb ik dljksdm, iks kgkfpjb m jbs fdkfarbs ik tu nbhlrklmndþh. T ksb sk mpjdnm m tbims jms dljksdms sdh dfpbrtmr kh quä pmæs sk khnukhtrkh. Jbs iæms `kstdvbs sbh kspkndmjfkhtk aukhbs pmrm prmntdnmr jm cbspdtmjdimi. _br hbrfm lkhkrmj, fd `mfdjdm dhvdtm m uhb b fís kstuidmhtks dhtkrhmndbhmjks pmrm quk nbfmh nbh hbsbtrbs iurmhtk jbs iæms `kstdvbs dfpbrtmhtks ikj mýb. Ik pmsb, tkhkfbs jm bpbrtuhdimi ik nbfpmrtdr nbhfís kjjbs hukstrm suprkfm lrmtdtui pbr jm lrmndm quk Idbs hbs cm nbhnkidib kh Nrdstb y ik quk nbhbznmh mjl÷h pjmtb sunujkhtb y hukstrms trmidndbhks nujturmjks.

0. _rkpmrmrtk pmrm skr pmndkhtk ^km numj skm jm fmhkrm kh jm quk khtmajms mfdstmi nbh kxtrmhgkrbs, ikaks smakr quk cmy mjluhbs iksm`æbs dfpjændtbs. _mrm kfpkzmr, jm nmhtdimi ik tdkfpb quk jbs kxtrmhgkrbs kspkrmh pmsmr nbh hbsbtrbs m vknks pukik sbrprkhikr m jm nujturm kstmibuhdikhsk. M fkhuib, btrms nujturms sbh fís sbndmajks y sukjkh dhvkrtdr cbrms kh uhm nbfdim nbh mfdlbs. Ydkhks quk kstmr prkpmrmib y idspukstb m khskýmr m tus mfdlbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks jms

 

nmrmntkræstdnms ik tu nujturm y kstmajknkr nbh ikjdnmikzm jbs jæfdtks quk t÷ y tu `mfdjdm vkíds mprbpdmibs. Ymfadäh hknksdtmrís funcm pmndkhndm pmrm dhvkrtdr tu tdkfpb kh rkjmndbhks m jmrlb pjmzb. M fkhuib, cmy quk jmarmr kj nmfpb y kjdfdhmr jm fmjkzm mhtks ik quk kj kvmhlkjdb kfpdknk m kncmr rmænks. Jm nujturm kstmibuhdikhsk kstí jkgbs ik skr nrdstdmhm, pkrb funcbs kstmibuhdikhsks tdkhkh ndkrtm rkjmndþh nbh kj kvmhlkjdb, mjluhms vknks pbr jbs pmirks, btrms pbr jm `mfdjdm b mfdlbs. Mj fkhbs tdkhkh ndkrtm m`dhdimi nujturmj nbh kj fkhsmgk ikj kvmhlkjdb, muhquk kj fkhsmgk kstä tkrldvkrsmib. _krb funcbs ik hukstrbs mfdlbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks hb tdkhkh hmim ik ksb. _ukik quk huhnm cmymh nbhbndib m uh nrdstdmhb mhtks ik vkhdr m hukstrb pmæs y pukik quk iksnbhbznmh pbr nbfpjktb jm Adajdm b kj kvmhlkjdb. _ukik skr dhnjusb quk jms pkrsbhms ik nbfuhdimiks fusujfmhms b cdhi÷ks cmymh sdib khskýmims m bidmr m jbs nrdstdmhbs y jm Adajdm. B pukiksknujmr quk tusnbfb mfdlbs dhtkrhmndbhmjks vkhlmh ik uhm nujturm masbjutmfkhtk jb ks jm fmybr pmrtk ik Ncdhm, ibhik jm nrkkhndm kh Idbs ks nbhsdikrmim uhm ik`dndkhndm fkhtmj. Kj ^kýbr pukik y cmrí su sbakrmhm vbjuhtmi, pkrb kh kj rdtfb hbrfmj ik jm vdim, sbjkfbs hknksdtmr uhm aukhm ibsds ik tdkfpb y pmndkhndm pmrm rksbjvkr jbs iksm`æbs quk nrkmh kstbs bastínujbs nujturmjks. _krb kj ks`ukrzb vmjk jm pkhm pbrquk rknblkrkfbs uh `rutb mauhimhtk. MJNMHWMQ M JM^ HMNDBHK^ M YQMPÄ^ IK DLJK^DM^ DHYKQHMNDBHMJK^ IK_BQYMIM^ Iurmhtk IK_BQYMIM^ Iurmhtk kj vkrmhb ikj 1??9 fk `ud ik vdmgk m uh pmæs fusujfíh ikj Msdm Nkhtrmj. Fk mnbfpmýmrbh uh gbvkh pmstbr y su kspbsm. Kstm pmrkgm skhtæm uh `ukrtk jjmfmib m jjkvmr kj kvmhlkjdb mj fuhib dsjífdnb. Nbfb pkrsbhms fmiurms y tkbjþldnmfkhtk sþjdims quk krmh, pmrknæmh jm njmsk ik pkrsbhms quk pbiæmh kstmajknkrsk kh btrm nujturm. ^dh kfamrlb, fdkhtrms vdmgíamfbs m trmväs ik uhm hmndþh 44 pbr ndkhtb fusujfmhm, qukiþ njmrb quk mjjæ hb jks dam m dr adkh nbfb fdsdbhkrbs. Kj cbfark tkhæm nmrlm pbr jm prkidnmndþh y mhckjmam pmstbrkmr uhm nbhlrklmndþh, pkrb jm bpbsdndþh jbnmj y jm cbstdjdimi ikj Lbadkrhb kh kstk pmæs dfpbsdadjdtmam nbfpjktmfkhtk jm prkidnmndþh p÷ajdnm. Ikadib m kjjb, jm `uhndþh ikj pmstbr mjjæ skræm nmsd nbh tbim sklurdimi kvmhlkjdzmr y nmpmndtmr idsnrktmfkhtk m jæikrks pmrm quk kjjbs fdsfbs prkidnmrmh y pmstbrkmh dljksdms. Mj `dhmjdzmr hukstrb vdmgk kstíamfbs amstmhtk sklurbs ik quk jm pjmhtmndþh

 

pdbhkrm ik dljksdms kh kj nbhtkxtb fusujfíh pbsdajkfkhtk hb krm pmrm kjjbs. _krb hb `uk msæ nbfb mnmaþ jm cdstbrdm. _bnb tdkfpb ikspuäs, uhm dljksdm dhtkrhmndbhmj ik cmajm dhljksm kh uhm hmndþh írmak fusujfmhm nbhtmntþ nbh hukstrm dljksdm pmrm quk jk myuimrm kh su hknksdimi ik khnbhtrmr uh hukvb pmstbr. Hbs pmrkndþ jm bpbrtuhdimi dikmj pmrm kstm pmrkgm. Kj fmrdib pbiræm prkidnmr kh dhljäs y pmstbrkmr jm nbhlrklmndþh ik kxpmtrdmibs dhtkrhmndbhmjks y, mj fdsfb tdkfpb, pbiræm trmamgmr pmrm kvmhlkjdzmr y mjkhtmr jm barm khtrk jbs fusujfmhks. Ksb bnurrdþ kh kj mýb 1??;. Iksik khtbhnks, Idbs cm sbarkpmsmib ik jmrlb hukstrms fmybrks kxpkntmtdvms. M fkidim quk ksm nbhlrklmndþh cm dib nrkndkhib smhm y fujtdnujturmjfkhtk, sk cm nbhvkrtdib kh uhm pukrtm pmrm mjnmhzmr m jms hmndbhks. Jm dljksdm hb ks pmrm hmim uh njua ik bnndikhtmjks, jm nbhlrklmndþh kstí jjkhm ik kxpmtrdmibs írmaks, dhidbs y `djdpdhbs. ^u dfpmntb cm sdib mfpjdb y prb`uhib5 cmh pjmhtmib dljksdms kh kj vkndhimrdb y kh btrms nduimiks, cmh myuimib m nmpmndtmr pmstbrks jbnmjks ik hmndbhks fusujfmhms vkndhms y cmh mjkhtmib kj kvmhlkjdsfb ik jbs hmtdvbs. Kstb hb ks kxmntmfkhtk uhm pjmhtmndþh pdbhkrm ik dljksdms y pukik quk sdqudkrm skm uhm jmabr fdsdbhmj kh kj skhtdib fís kstrdntb ik jm pmjmarm, pkrb `bfkhtmr jm kxdstkhndm ik kstk tdpb ik mvmhzmidjjms ikj kvmhlkjdb, ks uhm ckrrmfdkhtm fmrmvdjjbsm pmrm prkidnmr kj kvmhlkjdb5 kspkndmjfkhtk kh hmndbhks cbstdjks mj tkstdfbhdb nrdstdmhb ik sus prbpdbs nduimimhbs. Hukstrms dljksdms tmfadäh tdkhkh quk nbhsdikrmr nþfb mpbymr kstm njmsk ik prbykntbs y hb sdfpjkfkhtk nbh idhkrb, sdhb nbh kj fmybr rklmjb smnrd`dndmj5 b`rkndkhib hukstrm lkhtk. Ykhkfbs myuimrkhtrk m jbsskr cbfarks m imrsk nukhtm ik quk hb sdkfprk tdkhkh qukquk ksnblkr  pmstbrksgþvkhks b trmamgmr nbfb fdsdbhkrbs. Kh bnmsdbhks pbiríh cmnkr mfams nbsms, dhnjusb kh hmndbhks `ukrtkfkhtk bpukstms mj kvmhlkjdb. Ymfadäh tkhkfbs quk nbhsdikrmr nþfb pbikfbs khvdmr fdkfarbs nbfuhks y `dkjks m uhdrsk m dljksdms nbfb kstms y mpbymrjms (vbjvkrä m kstk tkfm kh uh fbfkhtb). Qknukrim quk cmy akhidndbhks y iksm`æbs kspkndmjks quk vmh uhdibs m kstk tdpb ik jmabr fdsdbhkrm. Nbhsdikräfbsjbs guhtbs. JM^ AKHIDNDBHK^ IK JM^ DLJK^DM^ DHYKQHMNDBHMJK^ KS_MYQDMIM^

=. Mpbymh m jbs fdsdbhkrbs

 

Jms dljksdms dhtkrhmndbhmjks tdkhkh quk myuimr m jbs fdsdbhkrbs ik nbrtk trmidndbhmj quk kstíh khtrk kjjbs m tdkfpb nbfpjktb y mpbymrjks kh su hknksdimi ik rkndadr fbtdvmndþh, nbfuhdþh y khskýmhzm `dkj. Kstb ks kspkndmjfkhtk hknksmrdb fdkhtrms jbs hukvbs fdsdbhkrbs mprkhikh kj didbfm ikj julmr y sk uhkh ’sd cmy mjluhm’ m uhm dljksdm jbnmj quk cmajk kj didbfm ikj pmæs, ym quk m÷h ikakh bakiknkr Ckarkbs =?71; y nbhlrklmrsk kh jm dljksdm jbnmj sdkfprk quk skm pbsdajk. Jbs fdsdbhkrbs hknksdtmh uhm nbfuhdimi knjksdmj ibhik skrvdr y skr skrvdibs. ²]udäh smak nuíhtbs fdhdstkrdbs `brtmjknkrí uhm dljksdm dhtkrhmndbhmj sdfpjkfkhtk m trmväs ik sbstkhkr, mfmr, idsndpujmr y skrvdr m mqukjjbs fdsdbhkrbs quk tdkhk m su mjrkikibr2

1. B`rknkh uh fbikjb ik dljksdm aæajdnm _br mýmidiurm, uhm dljksdm dhtkrhmndbhmj smhm skrí uh kxnkjkhtk rknursb pmrm btrbs pmstbrks jbnmjks mj b`rknkrjks uh aukh fbikjb aæajdnb ik prkidnmndþh y kstrunturm ik dljksdm. Cmarí mjluhms id`krkhndms nujturmjks khtrk jms dljksdms dhtkrhmndbhmjks y jms hmtdvms muhquk sk khnukhtrkh kh jm fdsfm nduimi. _krb sd jm Adajdm ks rkmjfkhtk mprbpdmim pmrm tbibs jbs julmrks y sdtumndbhks, khtbhnks jbs nbhnkptbs aísdnbs ik jm prkidnmndþh aæajdnm y ik jms kstrunturms knjksdmjks sbh nbrrkntbs kh numjqudkr julmr. Kj fbikjb ik dljksdm ibhik jbs fdkfarbs sdrvkh m jbs ikfís kh vkz ik sdfpjkfkhtk ausnmr skr skrvdibs kjjbs, ks hknksmrdb kh tbib julmr. Kstk fbikjb ks kspkndmjfkhtk hknksmrdb kh julmrks ibhik kstb hb cm sdib khskýmib b pkrsbhd`dnmib `dkjfkhtk pbr jbs fdsdbhkrbs bnndikhtmjks. Kj kgkfpjb ik uhm smhm dljksdm aæajdnm ik kxpmtrdmibs myuimrí nbhsdikrmajkfkhtk m rkvkrtdr ksk imýb.

>. _rbvkkh uhm pjmtm`brfm pmrm kj mnnksb, jms rkjmndbhks r kjmndbhks pkrsbhmjks y jm nmpmndtmndþh Hb ikgm ik sbrprkhikrfk quk jbs pmæsks quk sk bpbhkh m jm barm fdsdbhkrm pkrfdtmh jm prkskhndm ik dljksdms kxpmtrdmims ik cmajm dhljksm (b pbr jb fkhbs cmnkh jm vdstm lbrim nbh kjjms). Kstms dljksdms tdkhkh uhm trdpjk utdjdimi fmrmvdjjbsm kh kstbs nbhtkxtbs. _rdfkrb, funcbs kfprksmrdbs pdmibsbs sbh jb su`dndkhtkfkhtk smadbs nbfb pmrm hb trmsjmimr m sus `mfdjdms m uhm nduimi quk hb tdkhk uhm dljksdm ibhik sk prkidquk kj kvmhlkjdb. _krb sd kxdstk uhm, vdvdr kh ksk julmr sk nbhvdkrtk kh uhm pbsdadjdimi.

 

^kluhib, jm jjklmim ik kstms `mfdjdms kstí uhdim mj dhnrkfkhtb ik tbim njmsk ik rkjmndbhks nbh lkhtk quk hb sbh ik jm dljksdm. Nbfb nbh numjqudkr btrm nbhlrklmndþh, jm dh`jukhndm ik uhm dljksdm dhtkrhmndbhmj ik kxpmtrdmibs hb sk amsm sbjb kh qudäh khtrm pbr sus pukrtms, sdhb tmfadäh kh quä pukrtms pukikh nruzmr jbs fdkfarbs numhib smjkh ik jm dljksdm. Kh ÷jtdfb julmr, kstms nbhlrklmndbhks sbh nkhtrbs y pjmtm`brfms pmrm nmpmndtmr ik fmhkrm sþjdim y aæajdnm. Ikadib m su kstmtus nbhbndib y p÷ajdnb, mpkhms tkhiríh dhtrbfdsdþh kxtkrdbr pmrm trmkr ik vkz kh numhib m btrbs ckrfmhbs y nmpmndtmrjbs pmrm jm barm. Nbhbznb m uhm dljksdm dhtkrhmndbhmj quk rkndak rklujmrfkhtk pmstbrks ik uhm hmndþh nkrnmhm `ukrtkfkhtk bpukstm mj kvmhlkjdb. Mjjæ jbs pmstbrks rkndakh nmpmndtmndþh, sbh mjkhtmibs y vkh nbfb ks uhm nbhlrklmndþh smhm. Ikspuäs vukjvkh m sus prbpdbs pmæsks pmrm pmstbrkmr nbh fís `dikjdimi kh uh julmr `ukrm ikj mjnmhnk ik jm fmybræm ik jbs pmsmpbrtks bnndikhtmjks. IK^M@ÆB^ IK JM^ DLJK^DM^ DHYKQHMNDBHMJK^ KS_MYQDMIM^ Guhtb nbh tbims kstms akhidndbhks, tmfadäh cmy iksm`æbs kspkndmjks mj idrdldr uhm nbhlrklmndþh dhtkrhmndbhmj ik kxpmtrdmibs.

=. Kj idrdldr uhm nbfuhdimi fdxtm cmndm jm uhdimi Kj ckncb ik quk sbjb sukjk cmakr uhm b ibs dljksdms ik kxpmtrdmibs kh uhm nduimi iktkrfdhmim lkhkrm jm trkfkhim prksdþh ik fdhdfdzmr dfpbrtmhtks idstdhtdvbs ibntrdhmjks pmrm quk tbibs jbs cdgbs ik Idbs pukimh nbhlrklmrsk guhtbs. _krb sd qudkrks tkhkr uhm dljksdm quk tbfm kh skrdb jm Adajdm y sus ibntrdhms, mtkhumr jm dfpbrtmhndm ik jm khskýmhzm hb tk skrí ik hdhluhm myuimrí. _br kgkfpjb, tkhirís quk khskýmr quk kj amutdsfb ks sbjb pmrm jbs nrkykhtks b tmfadäh pmrm jbs cdgbs ik jbs fdkfarbs ik jm dljksdm. Ykhirís quk khskýmr quk jb quk Gks÷s idgb kh Ft. =37=< ’«idjb m jm dljksdmµ’ sk rk`kræm m jm nbhlrklmndþh, b mj nukrpb ik mhndmhbs, b m uh badspb rksdikhtk kh btrm nduimi. T sd sbjb cmy uhm dljksdm dhtkrhmndbhmj kh tu nduimi, kh numjqudkr nmsb skhtdrís uhm lrmh prksdþh pmrm rkamgmr jm khskýmhzm aæajdnm pmrm quk tbibs pukimh nbhlrklmrsk guhtbs kh ksm ÷hdnm dljksdm. M fkhuib, kj trdstk rksujtmib prbiundib pbr ksms aukhms dhtkhndbhks ks jm mnkptmndþh ikj fæhdfb hdvkj nbf÷h ibntrdhmj5 hdvkj quk jms dljksdms

 

dfpjmhtmríh ik `brfm dhvbjuhtmrdm nbfb kj kgkfpjb aæajdnb pmrm jbs nrdstdmhbs jbnmjks. ^d mjluhm vkz tdkhks quk jdikrmr uhm dljksdm ik kxpmtrdmibs kh btrm nujturm, ks prbamajk quk tkhlms quk jdidmr nbh kstk iksm`æb kh pmrtdnujmr.

1. Kj nbfprbfdsb supkr`dndmj Jms dljksdms ik kxpmtrdmibs tdkhkh quk juncmr funcms vknks nbh kj nbfprbfdsb supkr`dndmj ik mjluhms pkrsbhms quk qukrríh uhdrsk m jm nbhlrklmndþh. Jbs nrdstdmhbs hbfdhmjks quk hb sk fbjkstmh kh msdstdr m jm dljksdm kh su pmæs ik brdlkh, qukrríh uhdrsk m uhm kh kj kxtrmhgkrb fís pbr jm skhsmndþh ik kstmr kh uhm nbfuhdimi `mfdjdmr quk pbr mfbr m Nrdstb. Kstb ks mj fdsfb tdkfpb uhm bpbrtuhdimi kvmhlkjæstdnm y uh khbrfk iksm`æb pmstbrmj. >. Jms prksdbhks jklmjks pmrm kxnjudr m jbs hmtdvbs Kj fmybr iksm`æb kh rk`krkhndm m jm fkfarksæm hb sbh jbs fdkfarbs kxpmtrdmibs tdadbs, sdhb jbs fdkfarbs hmtdvbs nbfprbfktdibs. Kh funcbs julmrks, kj dfpjændtm Lbadkrhb’b pkrfdtk jm kxdstkhndm ik dljksdms ik kxpmtrdmibs amgb jm nbhidndþh kstmajkndim’ ik quk hb sk pkrfdtm msdstdr m jm pbajmndþh hmtdvm. Jms dljksdms dhtkrhmndbhmjks cmh rksukjtb kstm sdtumndþh ik id`krkhtks fmhkrms. Mjluhms nbhsdikrmh quk ikakh bakiknkr m Idbs mhtks quk m jbs cbfarks y jb quk cmnkh ks mhdfmr m tbibs jbs vdsdtmhtks m quk msdstmh m jbs nujtbs, sk amutdnkh y sk uhmh m jm dljksdm. Btrms sbh fís nudimibsms b mstutms, pkrb ausnmh jm fmhkrm ik quk kj kvmhlkjdb pukim jjklmr m tbibs kjjbs. T trdstkfkhtk btrms ’ sdkhib nbamriks k dh`dkjks’ ikndikh fmhtkhkr kj kvmhlkjdb pmrm kjjbs hb skm quk jks cuhimh kj amrnb. Dhikpkhidkhtkfkhtk ik jb quk kstk tdpb ik dljksdms ikndimh, kstk skrí uhb ik jbs msuhtbs fís kspdhbsbs nbh kj quk tkhiríh quk jdidmr. 9. Jm rkpktdndþh ik Ckncbs 0 Muh kh jms fkgbrks dljksdms dhtkrhmndbhmjks, ibhik kstíh rkprkskhtmims funcms y idvkrsms nujturms, ks prbamajk quk mpmrkznmh jbs fdsfbs nbh`jdntbs nujturmjks quk khnbhtrmfbs kh Ckncbs 0. [h lrupb nujturmj pukik prkibfdhmr, ikgmhib mj btrb lrupb sdhtdähibsk ikvmjumib b fmrldhmib. Fmhtkhkr jm uhdimi khtrk tmhtm idvkrsdimi rkqukrdrí uhm lrmh ibsds ik smadiuræm y nbfprbfdsb nbh jm Adajdm nbfb hbrfmtdvm, kh julmr ik nbfprbfktkrhbs nbh numjqudkr prk`krkhndm nujturmj. Nbfpmrtdr kj jdikrmzlb smadmfkhtk khtrk vmrdms kthdms ks dfprksndhidajk.

;. Jms tkhsdbhks fujtdnujturmjks

 

T pbr sd tbib kstb `ukrm pbnb, kstíh jbs iksm`æbs quk jbs fdkfarbs kh`rkhtmríh fdkhtrms vdvkh y kh tkbræm nræmh m su `mfdjdm kh btrm nujturm. Kstb pukik skr kspkndmjfkhtk iurb numhib jm pkrtkhkhndm m uhm dljksdm ik kxpmtrdmibs jdfdtm jm dhfkrsdþh kh jm nujturm ndrnuhimhtk. Jm `mfdjdm sk pukik skhtdr uh pbnb iksnbhkntmim ik jm pbajmndþh jbnmj b hb mprkhikr kj didbfm tmh adkh nbfb jb cmræm uh fdsdbhkrb trmidndbhmj. Ybims kstms nbsms mýmikh prksdþh m jbs iksm`æbs ik kstm njmsk ik fdhdstkrdb y vdim fujtdnujturmj. Muh msæ, kstk tdpb ik jmabr pmlm lrmhiks idvdikhibs numhib sk cmnk adkh.

Nþfb mpbymr m dljksdms dhtkrhmndbhmjks ik kxpmtrdmibs ²Nþfb pukikh hukstrms dljksdms ikskfpkýmr uh pmpkj kh kstk fdhdstkrdb2 _rdfkrb, prbfbvdkhib jm nmpmndtmndþh ik cbfarks pmrm kj fdhdstkrdb pmstbrmj nbh vdstms m quk nbhsdikrkh pmstbrkmr uhm dljksdm kh kj kxtrmhgkrb. Ykhkfbs quk nbhsdikrmr sd hukstrms nbhlrklmndbhks pukikh myuimr m mpbymr knbhþfdnmfkhtk kj kstmajkndfdkhtb ik hukvms dljksdms dhtkrhmndbhmjks. Mjluhms ik idncms dljksdms hb ikskmh quk sus prbpdbs fdkfarbs mpbykh kj fdhdstkrdb ikj numj sk akhk`dndmh ’nbfb fmhim Lí. 070’ y kstb hb ks tkbjþldnmfkhtk nbrrkntb. _krb sdh iuim, kstbs fdhdstkrdbs hknksdtmh pbr hbrfm lkhkrmj idhkrb pmrm nbfkhzmr. M pksmr ik quk m mjluhbs nrdstdmhbs hb jks lustmh jbs sdtdbs ik rkuhdþh quk cmh sdib nbhstrudibs ikjdakrmimfkhtk pmrm `uhndbhmr nbfb dljksdms kh nmsms, mjluhbs pmæsks kspkrmh k dhnjusb rkqudkrkh quk jms pkrsbhms kxpmtrdmims nbhstruymh idncbs sdtdbs ik rkuhdþh. _dkhsb quk nbjmabrmr nbh idncbs prbykntbs pukik skr uhm dhvkrsdþh prbvkncbsm. [h h÷fkrb fmybr ik pmstbrks ikakræm pkhsmr kh nþfb usmr sus ibhks kh kstm njmsk ik dljksdms. _krb kstk tdpb ik skrvdndb hb ks sbjb pmrm pmstbrks y prkidnmibrks, jbsm nrkykhtks pukikh utdjdzmr sus kh cmadjdimiks pmrm trmsjmimrsk btrb pmæs yfmiurbs mnbfpmýmr m btrbs barkrbs kstm barm jmabrmjks ikj kvmhlkjdb. Jms pbsdadjdimiks sbh dhfkhsms. [hm dljksdm smhm ks mjlb aukhb kh numjqudkr julmr ibhik kstä. T jms fkgbrks nbsms quk tdkhkh jms dljksdms dhtkrhmndbhmjks smhms, sbh nbfuhks kh tbims jms dljksdms `dkjks. Idbs sk cm nbfprbfktdib m usmr jms nbhlrklmndbhks ik su pukajb kh tbib julmr pmrm fbstrmr jm smadiuræm ik su pjmh ikj kvmhlkjdb mj fuhib quk baskrvm (K`. >7=?). _krb jm dljksdm quk ks sbjkfhk y nkhtrmim kh jm Ksnrdturm prbiunk uhm njmsk kspkndmj ik ljbrdm kh jbs julmrks nmrkhtks ik jm juz ikj kvmhlkjdb. Fdkhtrms fís bsnurm skm jm cmadtmndþh, fís ardjjmhtk skrí jm juz ik jm vkjm. T kstb sk nufpjk muhquk ksm dljksdm kh pmrtdnujmr hb utdjdnk kj

 

didbfm jbnmj. T muhquk kstm nbhlrklmndþh hb sk pukik nbfpmrmr nbh jms dljksdms quk kstíh kncmhib rmænks khtrk jm pbajmndþh jbnmj, muh msæ pukik skr uh puhtb ik pmrtdim, uhm myuim y uh tkstdfbhdb ljbrdbsb. NÞFB MJNMHWMQ M JM^ HMNDBHK^ M YQMPÄ^ IK Y[ YQMAMGB

^k hknksdtmh barkrbs Kstms dljksdms dhtkrhmndbhmjks hb sbjb hknksdtmh pmstbrks y idhkrb, sdhb tmfadäh fdkfarbs `dkjks khtrklmibs m jm nbfuhdþh nrdstdmhm y m mjnmhzmr m jms pkrsbhms quk kstíh m su mjrkikibr. M fkidim quk jm knbhbfæm ikj fuhib sk ljbamjdzm, funcbs nrdstdmhbs vmh miqudrdkhib nbhndkhndm ikj pmpkj quk cm ulmib jm dhfdlrmndþh y jbs nbfkrndmhtks nrdstdmhbs kh rkspmjimr jm kxtkhsdþh ikj kvmhlkjdb. Kfpkzmhib pbr jbs rk`uldmibs kspmrndibs pbr jm pkrsknundþh kh Ckncbs 379 quk damh «pbr tbims pmrtks mhuhndmhib kj kvmhlkjdbµ, jbs nrdstdmhbs cmh myuimib m id`uhidr kj kvmhlkjdb kh kj nursb hbrfmj ik sus vdims5 y kstb dhnjuyk jbs ik vdmgks y jm dhfdlrmndþh. Kstk pmtrþh nbfkrndmhtks ik jm Qutm jm ^kim, jbs fkrnmikrks quk damh nbhtdhuþ m jm Dhidm,nbh jbsjbs barkrbs quk damh m ^uimfärdnm y jbs kfpjkmibs fbikrhbs ik nbfpmýæms fujtdhmndbhmjks. Iurmhtk sdljbs, jbs nrdstdmhbs cmh id`uhidib kj kvmhlkjdb numhib btrbs `mntbrks nbfb kj kfpjkb jbs cm trmsjmimib mj btrb jmib ikj fuhib. Jm fmybræm ik hbsbtrbs trmamgmrkfbs numrkhtm cbrms m jm skfmhm, dhikpkhidkhtkfkhtk ik iþhik vdvmfbs. T tmfadäh cmrkfbs mfdstmi nbh hukstrbs vkndhbs. Nbfprmrkfbs kh jbs fdsfbs julmrks uhm y btrm vkz, y nbhbnkrkfbs m pkrsbhms quk trmamgmh mjjæ. cdgbs cmríh mfdlbs ksnukjm y hbsbtrbs hbs cmrkfbs mfdlbs ikHukstrbs sus pmirks. Nbfkrkfbs nbh kh jm hukstrbs nbfpmýkrbs ik trmamgb b nbh njdkhtks. Hb dfpbrtm iþhik vdvmfbs, hukstrm vdim sk nmrmntkrdzmrí pbr funcms ik kstms rkmjdimiks. T mcbrm dfmlæhmtk quk sd kh julmr ik cmnkr kstms nbsms ibhik m jb fkgbr ym cmy fdjks ik nrdstdmhbs, cdndkrms tbib kstb kh uh julmr ibhik jm fmybræm ik jms pkrsbhms hb cmh nbhbndib huhnm m uh nrdstdmhb b ksnuncmib kj kvmhlkjdb. ²]uä sunkikræm sd vdvdkrms kh uhm nduimi quk tuvdkrm uh 4; pbr ndkhtb ik fusujfmhks b 4; pbr ndkhtb ik cdhi÷ks2 ²Nuíhtms hukvms bpbrtuhdimiks pmrm kj kvmhlkjdb tkhiræms kh uh julmr msæ2 ^æ, ks ndkrtb quk Idbs kj Kspærdtu ^mhtb cm ksnbldib nkhtrmr jbs ks`ukrzbs ik jm dljksdm kh jm nmpmndtmndþh, kj khvæb fdsdbhmj y kj mpbyb ik fdsdbhkrbs quk sbh

 

khvdmibs «pbr mfbr m UsuV hbfarkµ. Ymj vkz ksk ks kj fbtdvb pbr kj numj kj jdarb ik jbs Ckncbs sbjb fkhndbhm ik pmsmim kj dfpmntb ikj kvmhlkjdsfb nrdstdmhb kh kj nursb ik jbs vdmgks idmrdbs, y sk nkhtrm nmsd kxnjusdvmfkhtk kh jm barm ik Idbs m trmväs ik jbs mpþstbjks y btrbs fdsdbhkrbs khvdmibs pbr jms dljksdms. _krb sbjb pbrquk uh mntbr hb tkhlm kj prbtmlbhdsfb prdhndpmj kh kj ksnkhmrdb fdsdbhkrb, hb sdlhd`dnm quk äj b kjjm hb tkhlmh uh pmpkj vmjdbsb kh jm barm. Kstmajknkr tu vdim y tu nmrrkrm prb`ksdbhmj kh uh julmr kstrmtäldnb pmrm jm ljbrdm ikj kvmhlkjdb kh jms hmndbhks ks uhm dikm kxnkjkhtk y uh lrmh mpbyb pmrm jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjks.

Mpbyb pdbhkrb kh jm pjmhtmndþh ik dljksdms ^dkfprk kxdstdrí jm hknksdimi ik quk jms dljksdms jbnmjks y bakidkhtks khvækh m fdsdbhkrbs sustkhtmibs knbhþfdnmfkhtk. Kstb ks kspkndmjfkhtk dfpbrtmhtk kh írkms pdbhkrms ibhik jm prksdþh ik mprkhikr kj didbfm ik jm hukvm nujturm ks kh sæ fdsfm uhm mntdvdimi m tdkfpb nbfpjktb. _krb pdkhsm kh kj mpbyb quk jbs fdsdbhkrbs pdbhkrbs rkndadræmh sd vmrdms `mfdjdms ik nrdstdmhbs fmiurbs sk trmsjmimrmh m su nduimi pmrm trmamgmr kh trmamgbs hbrfmjks nbh jm dikm ik myuimr m ksk fdsdbhkrb y mhdfmrjb. [hm ik jms fmybrks hknksdimiks ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs pdbhkrbs ks jm fbtdvmndþh kspdrdtumj. Ikadib m jm hmturmjkzm ik su fdsdþh, vdvkh kh julmrks nbh pbnbs nrdstdmhbs, b nmsd hdhluhb. ²]uä sunkikræm sd nrdstdmhbs fmiurbs cdndkrmh uh pmntb nbh kstbs fdsdbhkrbs y sk nbhlrklmrmh nbh kjjbs nbfb dljksdm2 ²]uä sunkikræm sd kfpkzmrmh m dhvdtmr m jbs fdsdbhkrbs m nbhbnkr m jm lkhtk rkjmndbhmim nbh sus trmamgbs2 ²]uä sunkikræm sd puidkrmh prbvkkr mpbyb knbhþfdnb, myuimr nbh sus hknksdimiks `mfdjdmrks k dhnjusb ’ sdikkjnbfuhdþh didbfm jbypkrfdtdkrm’ kid`dnmriurb m jbs hukvbs nrkykhtks2 _rbvkkr kstk tdpb myuim ks uh trmamgb y id`ændj, pkrb prbvkkræm jm njmsk ik mpbyb quk nmfadmræm jm vdim ik jbs fdsdbhkrbs pdbhkrbs. Muh msæ, kstk ks uh tdpb kspkndmj ik trmamgb, y ks prbamajk quk hb skm jm fkgbr bpndþh pmrm jm fmybræm ik jbs nrdstdmhbs quk hknksdtmh trmamgmr pmrm vdvdr.

Nbhstruyk sbark uhm amsk kxdstkhtk [h pjmh fkgbr pmrm jm fmybræm ik jbs nrdstdmhbs ks uhdrsk y mpbymr jm barm ik uhm dljksdm ik kxpmtrdmibs ym kstmajkndim. Mj dlumj quk kh su pmæs ik brdlkh, jm dljksdm kstmajkndim prbvkk kj nbhtkxtb y jm kstrunturm pmrm jm vdim nrdstdmhm ik sus fdkfarbs. Jm fmybræm ik hbsbtrbs hknksdtm kstk tdpb ik nbfuhdþh y

 

kstrunturm pmrm iksmrrbjjmrhbs nbfb nrdstdmhbs. Ks pbr ksb pbr jb quk Nrdstb kstmajkndþ su dljksdm y hbs mivdkrtk quk hb ikgkfbs ik nbhlrklmrhbs nbh jm dljksdm jbnmj (Ck. =?71;). Pdvdr kh kj kxtrmhgkrb hb nmfadm kstm hknksdimi hd kjdfdhm kj fmhimtb idvdhb. ^dh julmr m iuims, tdkhks quk nbhlrklmrtk kh uhm dljksdm quk utdjdnk uh jkhlumgk quk nbhbznms adkh. _mrm jm fmybræm, ksb prbamajkfkhtk sdlhd`dnmrí uhdrsk m uhm dljksdm ik kxpmtrdmibs quk cmajk uh didbfm id`krkhtk m jm jkhlum jbnmj. ^d `ukrms pmrtk ik uhm nbhlrklmndþh jbnmj ik kxpmtrdmibs quk qudkrk skr smj y juz kh su nbfuhdimi, ²hb sk fujtdpjdnmræmh tus prbpdbs prbykntbs2 M jb fkgbr hb tdkhks kj tdkfpb y jms bpbrtuhdimiks quk tdkhk uh fdsdbhkrb pkrfmhkhtk, pkrb hb tbib kj fuhib kstí ckncb pmrm ik skr uh fdsdbhkrb m tdkfpb nbfpjktb. Muh msæ, jm fmybræm ik jbs nrdstdmhbs kstíh ckncbs pmrm trmamgmr, vdvdr y mfmr kh kj nbhtkxtb ik jm fkfarksæm `dkj kh jm dljksdm jbnmj. ²Hb nrkks quk vmjk jm pkhm nbhsdikrmr jm pbsdadjdimi ik kxpkrdfkhtmr tbib kstb kh uh julmr ibhik cmy pbnbs nrkykhtks2 QK@JKSDBHK^ @DHMJK^ Tm skm quk vdvmfbs kh hukstrb pmæs ik brdlkh b mj btrb jmib ikj fuhib, kh kj fdhdstkrdb m tdkfpb nbfpjktb b sbstkhdähibhbs m hbsbtrbs fdsfbs nbh uh trmamgb, Idbs cm trmæib m jms hmndbhks m hukstrm pukrtm. Kh funcbs mspkntbs, huhnm cm sdib fís `índj mjnmhzmr m btrms pkrsbhms nbh kj kvmhlkjdb. ]udkrm Idbs btbrlmrhbs vmjkhtæm, smadiuræm y nrkmtdvdimi pmrm pkhsmr kh fmhkrms ik rkspbhikr m kstm abhimi y pmrm quk m trmväs hukstrb y ik hukstrms dljksdms muh jms dsjms jkgmhms pukimh nmhtmr ik lbzb y mjklræm (Ds. 91). NBHNJ[^DÞH

NÞFB _BHKQ^K KH FMQNCM Kstk jdarb kfpkzþ nbh jm cdstbrdm mnkrnm ik Kjdsmakt y su ikskstrunturmim rkuhdþh ikj Nbfdtä ik fdsdbhks ik su dljksdm. M jb fkgbr vks tu prbpdm dljksdm rk`jkgmim kh mjluhbs ik jbs prbajkfms ik jm nbhlrklmndþh ik Kjdsmakt. Yus fdkfarbs nbh`uhikh jm fdsdþh kvmhläjdnm nbh cmnkr aukhms barms, rkmjdzmh vdmgks ik kstmhndm nbrtm prdhndpmjfkhtk pmrm su prbpdb khrdqukndfdkhtb pkrsbhmj kstíh sdkfprk hukvb mtmgbpmrtk pmrm ik cmnkr barm fdsdbhkrmb ik fmhkrm `índjausnmhib y rípdim. uh ]udzí `brfms uhmjmnbhlrklmndþh

 

ibhik jbs fdkfarbs kstíh nbh`uhidibs mnkrnm ik jm vkrimikrm fdsdþh ik jm dljksdm, nþfb cmnkrjm y m qudäh kstí idrdldim. ^d jms dikms ik kstk pkqukýb jdarb tk cmh pmrkndib smadms y aæajdnms, jb ÷hdnb quk tk `mjtm ks pjmhd`dnmr tus prþxdfbs pmsbs. _krfætkfk rksufdr mjluhbs puhtbs njmvks pmrm myuimrtk7 =. JB^ JÆIKQK^ HKNK^DYMH JDIKQMQ Ybib kfpdkzm nbh jbs jæikrks ik tu nbhlrklmndþh. Ks fmrmvdjjbsb numhib uh fdkfarb b ibs jblrmh batkhkr uhm pkrspkntdvm fís aæajdnm ik jms fdsdbhks, pkrb jms nbsms prbamajkfkhtk nmfadmríh pmrm fkgbr numhib jbs jæikrks kfpdknkh m jdikrmr cmndm uhm idrknndþh fís smhm. ^d krks uh jæikr kh tu dljksdm, kfpdkzm pbr jdikrmr. Khským jms dfpjdnmndbhks fdsdbhkrms ikj kvmhlkjdb nmim vkz quk surgmh kh kj tkxtb aæajdnb. Qklmjm aukhbs jdarbs mnkrnm ik jms fdsdbhks m jbs fdkfarbs ik tu dljksdm. Jdikrm nbh `drfkzm, pkrb tmfadäh nbh mfmadjdimi y funcm pmndkhndm. `dkjks tu nbhlrklmndþh. Kvmj÷m bpbrtuhdimiks ik vdmgmr _rkskhtm t÷ fdsfbfdsdbhkrbs mj kxtrmhgkrb pmrmm mpbymr su barm. Kh lkhkrmj, hmim jk cmajm fís `ukrtk y njmrb m uhm nbhlrklmndþh rkspkntb m jm dfpbrtmhndm ik jms fdsdbhks y jm vmjæm ik ndkrtbs fdsdbhkrbs quk uh pmstbr quk dhvdkrtk su prbpdb tdkfpb y khkrlæms kh jm barm fdsdbhkrm. MT[IMQ Muhquk skms uh 1. YBIB^ JB^ FDKFAQB^ _[KIKH MT[IMQ Muhquk fdkfarb ik dljksdm sdh hdhl÷h jdikrmzlb `brfmj, m÷h pukiks ks`brzmrtk pmrm mhdfmr m tu nbhlrklmndþh m dhvbjunrmrsk kh jms fdsdbhks. _krb hknksdtms skr pruikhtk. _rdfkrb ik tbib, cmajm nbh tu pmstbr, mhndmhbs b jæikr ik fdsdbhks. M jb fkgbr pukiks ikgmr kstk jdarb quk jbquk jkm pkrfdtdr mhtks ik quk quk ^mtmhís cmajäds. Yrmamgm nbhjkpmndkhndm y smadiuræm. Hbpmrm tkhkfbs utdjdnk hukstrb khtusdmsfb pmrm nbsms quk sbh aukhms kh sæ fdsfms nbfb mjlb quk ikadjdtk jm uhdimi ik jm dljksdm. Yþfmtk tu tdkfpb y mskl÷rmtk ik quk jbs jæikrks ik tu nbhlrklmndþh kstíh ik mnukrib nbhtdlb. T kh numjqudkr nmsb, hb tk bjvdiks ik brmr. _dik m Idbs quk myuik m tu nbhlrklmndþh m iksnuardr uh puhtb ik vdstm fís mfpjdb y aæajdnb mnkrnm ik jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjks. Hukstrb Idbs ks aukhb y sk ikjkdtm kh rkspbhikr brmndbhks pmrm myuimr m sus dljksdms. >. KH^KÝM [HM NB^FBPD^DÞH AÆAJDNM Jm fkgbr fmhkrm ik nmfadmr jm `brfm kh jm quk jm dljksdm sk dhvbjunrm kh jms fdsdbhks hb ks pbr fkidb ik þrikhks, sdhb pbr fkidb ik jm khskýmhzm.

 

Ks`uärzmtk pmrm nmfadmr jm nbsfbvdsdþh ik tu nbhlrklmndþh. _rdfkrb mskl÷rmtk ik quk kj kvmhlkjdb ks njmrmfkhtk nbfprkhidib y mfmib pbr tus fdkfarbs, y ikspuäs ks`uärzmtk pmrm nmfadmr jm `brfm kh jm quk khtdkhikh jms fdsdbhks. Cíajmjks mnkrnm ik jm fdsdþh kspkndmj quk tdkhk jm dljksdm ik prbtklkr kj kvmhlkjdb y prbnjmfmrjb m tbibs jbs pukajbs. Myuim m jbs fdkfarbs m khtkhikr jm `uhndþh quk nufpjk jm pjmhtmndþh ik dljksdms. Khsäýmjks mnkrnm ikj nbhtrbj ik Idbs sbark tbims jms nbsms y ik su `dikjdimi. [hm nbrrkntm nbfprkhsdþh ikj pmpkj iktkrfdhmhtk quk Idbs tdkhk kh jm smjvmndþh ks jm fkgbr amsk pmrm myuimr m jm dljksdm m idsnkrhdr khtrk jbs fätbibs fdsdbhkrbs quk sbh `dkjks m jm Ksnrdturm y jbs quk hb jb sbh. 9. DHPDKQYK KH QKJMNDBHK^ IK JMQLM I[QMNDÞH Kfpdkzm m dhvkrtdr kh rkjmndbhks ik jmrlm iurmndþh kh kj kxtrmhgkrb nbh pkrsbhms kh qudkhks nbh`æms y m jms quk rkspktms. M trmväs ik tu mntumj rki ik dljksdms, prkluhtm pbr fdhdstkrdbs b fdsdbhkrbs `dkjks m jbs quk kstäh mpbymhib y ausnm fmhkrms ik mhdfmrjks y mpbymrjks kh su jmabr. Dhvdtm m mjluhbs fdsdbhkrbs `dkjks m pmsmr uh pkræbib ik tdkfpb jmrlb nbh tu nbhlrklmndþh b cmzjks uhm vdsdtm pmrm myuimrjks nbh uh prbykntb b sdfpjkfkhtk nbhbnkr su trmamgb. ^k pmndkhtk. Dhvdkrtk jkhtm y `dkjfkhtk, pkrb cmzjb ym. ;. QK^D^YK JM MYQMNNDÞH IK JB^ QK^[JYMIB^ DHFKIDMYB^ Mj fdsfb tdkfpb quk dhvdkrtks kh rkjmndbhks ik jmrlm iurmndþh y kvmj÷ms jbs prbykntbs, rksdstkkhjmjmmtrmnndþh ik jbs kvmj÷ms rksujtmibs vdsdajks k dhfkidmtbs. nudimibsmfkhtk fmhkrm nþfb m jbs barkrbs quk mpbyms Fkidtm knbhþfdnmfkhtk. Amsm tu kvmjumndþh kh jm njmsk ik rkjmndbhks quk tk pkrfdtmh nbhbnkr jm `dikjdimi y smadiuræm ik mqukjjbs quk sbstdkhks. Ibhik kstbs kjkfkhtbs sk khnukhtrkh prkskhtks, pkrskvkrm kh tu mpbyb. Mjdkhtm m jbs barkrbs quk trmamgmh kh nmfpbs ik tdkrrm iurm. Qknukrim quk kjjbs mhckjmh tkhkr `rutbs vdsdajks, vkr nbhvkrtdibs, quk sk pjmhtkh dljksdms y quk Nrdstb skm ljbrd`dnmib kh sus nduimiks. Hb mýmims fís prksdþh idndähibjks quk kspkrms vkr lrmhiks rksujtmibs. Numhib khvæks tu idhkrb, hb sk jb khvæks sbjb m jbs lrupbs quk prksufkh ik tkhkr jbs rksujtmibs fís lrmhidjbnukhtks. Dhvdkrtk tdkfpbmjkh nbhbnkr ym juklb jbs barkrbs y jbstmhtb fdhdstkrdbs, m jbs quk sbh fís `dkjks kvmhlkjdb mpþymjks nbfb tk ausnm skm pbsdajk.

 

0. IK_KHIK IK JM «NBH@DMHWM [QLKHYKµ Kh [QLKHYKµ Kh ÷jtdfb julmr, numhib hbs dhvbjunrmfbs y trmamgmfbs kh jm barm fdsdbhkrm hknksdtmfbs uhm «nbh`dmhzm urlkhtkµ. Ikakfbs tkhkr urlkhndm pbrquk kj pknmib ks rkmj y kj Dh`dkrhb ks uh julmr tkrrdajk5 y ikakfbs tkhkr nbh`dmhzm pbrquk Idbs ks dhfkhsmfkhtk aukhb y kj ndkjb ks ljbrdbsb. ²_br quä pkrikr kj tdkfpb fdkhtrms nmfdhmfbs cmndm jm vdntbrdbsm nkjkarmndþh2 Ikakfbs tkhkr nbh`dmhzm pbrquk smakfbs quk jm fdsdþh hb `mjjmrí. _bikfbs `mjjmr kh hukstrm `dikjdimi, pkrb Idbs hb `mjjmrí kh su fdsdþh. Nrdstb tkhirí jms hmndbhks pbr ckrkhndm. Jbs pjmhks prkndpdtmibs y jm nujpm amsmim kh kj píhdnb sbh fbtdvmndbhks khikajks nbfpmrmims nbh jm vkrimi ikj pjmh dhvkhndajk ik Idbs ik rksnmtmr m nmim cdgb pbr qudkh Nrdstb furdþ. Gksunrdstb hb pkrikrí m hdhluhb ik mqukjjbs quk kj _mirk jk cm imib, y Idbs cm ksnbldib usmrhbs kh dhhufkrmajks dljksdms jbnmjks nbfb jbs mlkhtks ik su kvmhlkjdb trduh`mhtk.

QK@KQKHNDM^ Kpæjblb =. G. C. Amvdhne7 Mh Dhtrbiuntdbh tb tck ^ndkhnk b` Fdssdbhs, p. ; (_cdjmikjpcdm7 _rksaytkrdmh mhi Qk`brfki, =40?). _rþjblb mnkrnm ik jm ^krdk =. Jm fmybræm ik kstbs tætujbs cmh sdib puajdnmibs m jb jmrlb ik jbs ÷jtdfbs mýbs. Nbhsujtmr jm píldhm wka ik Kidtbrdmj _krklrdhb (www.kidtbrdmjpkrklrdhb.nbf) b jm ik 4Fmres (ks.4fmres. brl). (H. ikj Qkv.). _rk`mndb =. Lkbrlk @. _khtknbst, ndtmib kh Gbch F. Fbbrk7 «Yck _rkskhtmtdbh b` Fdssdbhs `rbf tck _ujpdtµ, Fdssdbhs 0, hbs. (=4=;). Nmpætujb =7 Kj `uhimfkhtb aæajdnb pmrm jms fdsdbhks =. fdsdbhks =. Gbch _dpkr, puajdnmib kh Ywdttkr, kj 1> ik khkrb ik 1?== (=7?? p.f.), cttps7//twdttkr.nbf/Gbch_dpkr 1. _br kgkfpjb, Qbakrt I. _uthmf7 «\cmt—s ^b Imrhki ^pkndmj mabut Ncurnc @rdkhis2µ, Mjtrudsf, Fbrmjdty mhi ^bndmj ^bjdimrdty @bruf (Mfkrdnmh ^bndbjbldnmj Mssbndmtdbh) >, hb. 1, pp. =, =4-1= (1?=1).

 

>. Qbakrt \bbiakrry7 «Yck Fdssdbhmry Qbbts b` Jdakrmj Ikfbnrmnyµ, fkrdnmh _bjdtdnmj ^ndkhnk Qkvdkw =?0, hb. 1, pp. 199-3 ;0 Äxbib =071> 43 07;„3 >3 =37=< =90 =37=3„1? =>> ^mjfbs 137=3„1? =3 ==;7> =14 137=4„1? >1

Dsmæms Junms =?71 ;0=47=4„1; =?9 91 =;;Gumh Gumh9374 9374 >9 =?7== =14 9374„== >9 =?7=0 =1< ;0 >3 Ckncbs Kzkqudkj 179= >0 > 1= 070 =94 =>7> >0 =97=„1> 3; K`ksdbs =; ;; >73„== >3 =;7>0a >7=? >0, =;? =;79= >0 97=>, =; =< =07=„> >3 =< >? @djdpkhsks =373 3; =7; ==> =4 3; =73 ==> 1? 3; 17=„== =?= 1?7=„1 ==< 173 =1< 1?7;„< ==< 97=?„1? =?= 97=;„=0 >0 Qbfmhbs 971? ==> ;73a 90 37=„== >4 Nbjbskhsks =?7=9„=; >3 971-9 >3 =?7=< >3 =;7 >3 = Yksmjbhdnkhsks =;73„=? =1< ;7== >3 =;71?„1= 3>

= Ydfbtkb 1 Nbrdhtdbs =7>-9 3; 371> >3 =7=; >> >7=„< ;3 ;7; =?= 97=0 0? 1 Gumh 1 Ydfbtkb =? =?= > Gumh 97=„; >3 =„3 >0, >3, ;? > ;= Ydtb ; ;= =7; >0, 3; ;„3 =>? =7;„4 ;3 0 ;1, ;> =74 0? 0„3 ;1 >7=> ;> < ;=, > Ckarkbs 3 ;=, 4 =?719„1; >0 Guims =?71; 39, =99, =;9 1?„1= =<

^mhtdmlb Mpbnmjdpsds >7= 9< ;74 =1< 97=> ;1 >, >3, >4, =?9 = _kirb 97=? =< ;7;a =?1 ²K^ Y[ DLJK^DM ^MHM2 4Fmrnms kxdstk pmrm kqudpmr m jbs jæikrks ik jm dljksdm nbh uhm vdsdþh aæajdnm y rknursbs príntdnbs pmrm fbstrmr jm ljbrdm ik Idbs m jms hmndbhks m trmväs ik dljksdms smhms. _mrm kjjb, qukrkfbs myuimr m jms dljksdms m nrknkr kh hukvk fmrnbs ik smjui quk m fkhuib sk pmsmh pbr mjtb7 =, _rkidnmndþh Kxpbsdtdvm 1. Ykbjblæm Aæajdnm >. [h Khtkhidfdkhtb Aæajdnb ik jm Aukhms Hukvms 9. [h Khtkhidfdkhtb Aæajdnb ik Nbhvkrsdþh ;. [h Khtkhidfdkhtb Aæajdnb ikj Kvmhlkjdsfb 0. [h Khtkhidfdkhtb Aæajdnb ik jm Fkfarksæm ? didbfms y rklæstrksk pmrm rkndadr hukstrm rkvdstm kh jæhkm lrmtudtm. Hukstrbs btrbs sdtdbs wka ik didbfms sk khufkrmh m nbhtdhumndþh, y kstmfbs mlrklmhib m kstbs7 Dhljäs - www.4Fmres.brl Kspmýbj - www.ks.4Fmres.brl _brtuluäs - www.pt.4Fmres.brl Ncdhb - www.nh.4Fmres.brl Qusb - www.ru.4Fmres.brl

²IK ][DÄH K^ JM QK^_BH^MAD QK^_BH^MADJDIMI JDIMI IK ][K JM^ FD^DBHK^ ^K ID@[HIMH M HDPKJ F[HIDMJ2 M pksmr ik quk jm fmybræm ik jbs nrdstdmhbs hb sk trmsjmimh m vdvdr m btrbs pmæsks, jm Adajdm rknjutm m tbibs jbs nrdstdmhbs y m tbims jms dljksdms jbnmjks kh kj lrmh prbykntb ik jms fdsdbhks fuhidmjks. Jm dljksdm jbnmj ks kj fbtbr ik jms fdsdbhks m hdvkj fuhidmj, ²pkrb pbr iþhik ikakfbs kfpkzmr2 Jms dljksdms hb hknksdtmh uh nbfpjdnmib prblrmfm fdsdbhkrb, jb quk hknksdtmh ks jm Adajdm y jm smadiuræm hknksmrdm pmrm smakr nþfb mpjdnmrjm. Kstk jdarb sk amsm kh jm Ksnrdturm y b`rknk pmsbs príntdnbs pmrm nmpmndtmr fdsdbhkrbs, mpbymrjbs knbhþfdnmfkhtk, `brfmr mjdmhzms dhtkrhmndbhmjks, khvdmr kqudpbs kh fdsdbhks ik nbrtm iurmndþh y mjnmhzmr m jms hmndbhks tmhtb kh hukstrbs pmæsks nbfb kh kj kxtrmhgkrb.

 

«Ikskb ik tbib nbrmzþh quk tbims jms dljksdms quk tkhlmh uh fæhdfb dhtkräs pbr

 

jms fdsdbhks pukimh jkkr kstk jdarb y mpjdnmr sus khskýmhzmsµ. G. FMNE ^YDJK^, mutbr ik Kvmhlkjdsf y Fmres b` tck Fksskhlkr «¡Kstk jdarb myuimrí m jms dljksdms m dhvbjunrmrsk nbh lbzb y k`kntdvdimi kh jm fdsdþh fuhidmj ik Idbs!µ. YDF EKK^KK, idrkntbr kgknutdvb ik @rbhtjdhk Fdssdbhs Dhtkrhmtdbhmj5 mutbr ik Idspmtncks `rbf tck @rbht «Jm mpjdnmndþh ik jms khskýmhzms ik kstk jdarb rkvbjundbhmrí jbs prblrmfms fdsdbhkrbs ik nbrtm y jmrlm iurmndþh ik jm fmybræm ik jms dljksdmsµ. FDL[KJ H×ÝKW, pmstbr prdhndpmj ik jm Dljksdm Amutdstm Dhtkrhmndbhmj kh ^mhtb Ibfdhlb MHIT GBCH^BH tdkhk uh ibntbrmib pbr jm Ykxms M&F y sdrvk nbfb pmstbr miguhtb kh Nmpdtbj Cdjj Amptdst Ncurnc kh \mscdhltbh, I.N.