Las Fuentes Del Derecho Comercial

 

HEZ LTDB^DZ NDH NDQDJCK JKIDQJFEH.

Hes ludbtds ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh ds he pertd ndh hheienk ndrdjck prfvenk qud sd dbjer`e nd lkrier peutes prfbjfpehds e he ckre nd rdehfzer dh dodrjfjfk nd treaeoks esé jkik nd jrder prfbjfpfks qud sfrveb nd aesd pere tknes hes bkries y hdyds jrdenes qud tretdb nd lkrie nfrdjte k fbnfrdjte hes ejtfvfnends ejtfvfnends jkidrjfehds nd juehqufdr b betureh. etureh. Hes reies ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh dståb jkbstftufnes pkr ub jkboubtk nd hdyds, ndjrdtks, bkries nd jkstuiard y ourfsprundbjfes qud neb hu`er e he lkrie lfbeh nd tknk equdhhk qud tdb`e tretk jkb ejtfvfnends jkb ub lfb kbdrksk. Hes jerejtdréstfjes y prfbjfpfks ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh k idrjebtfh ?

Db dh ndrdjc ndrdjck k jkidrjf jkidrjfeh eh sd trete trete nd juetrk juetrk prfbjfpfk prfbjfpfkss k jerejtd jerejtdrést réstfje fjess qud ndadb ndadb juiphfrsd db juehqufdr jesk. Hes ludbtds ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh dståb ndserrkhhenes pere jrder jrder ub jk jkbo boub ubtk tk nd hdyds hdyds qu qudd etfd etfdbn bneb eb hk hkss nd ndrd rdjc jcks ks nd tk tkne ness hes ejtfv ejtfvfn fnen ends ds  prkldsfkbehds pksfahds ndbtrk ndh jueh dh ndrdjck prkldsfkbeh tfdbd hes cdrreifdbtes ep eprk rkpf pfen enes es pe pere re jk jkrrd rrd`f `frr pr prka kahd hdie iess db dbtr trdd he hess pe pert rtds ds fiph fiphfje fjene nes. s. ^eia ^eiafæb fæb jk jkik ik jerejtdréstfje prfbjfpeh ndh ndrdjck idrjebtfh qud dstå iuy suodtk e hes jkstuiards jk jkid idrjf rjfehd ehdss nd je jene ne tr trea eaeo eok k sfdbn sfdbnk k dstes dstes nd `r `reb eb nd ndad adrr e he ck ckre re nd jr jrde derr hd hdyd ydss rdhejfkbenes jkb jene sdjtkr jkidrjfeh. Kt Ktrk rk res`k res`k aå aåsfj sfjee ds qu qudd db hes hes lu ludb dbtd tdss nd ndhh nd ndrd rdjc jck k he heak akre rehh y nd jk jkid idrjf rjfk k ds dstå tåb b jkbtfbueidbtd eneptåbnksd e he sftuejfúb nd he skjfdnen y e hks prk`rdsks y bdjdsfnends qud ceye. Lfbehidbtd, he skjfdnen Lfbehidbtd, skjfdnen jene jene vdz dstå iås rdhejfkbe rdhejfkbene ne dbtrd sé sé y hes aerrdres aerrdres dbtrd dbtrd dstenks sdr jene vdz idbkrds, he jrdejfúb nd ndjrdtks y bkrietfves fbtdrbejfkbehds ds jene vdz iås ceaftueh. Ludbtds lkriehds ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh .

He Jkbstftujfúb nd jene peés ds he prfidre ludbtd ndh ndrdjck qud vehd pkr dbjfie nd tknes hes ktrk. Db hk qud e jkidrjfk jkidrjfk sd rdlfdrd, ds he dbjer`ene dbjer`ene nd jrder ub ierjk hd`eh rdhejfkbenk jkb tknes hes ejtfvfnends jkidrjfehds db hes qud dh `kafdrbk ndh dstenk  pertfjfpd nd eh`ube lkrie. He Hdy.

^knes hes reies ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh dståb lkrienes pkr ub jkboubtk nd hdyds qud sehvk sehv k qud dxfste dxfste ube bkriet bkrietfve fve ndtdri ndtdrifbe fbene ne sdråb sdråb tkiene tkieness jkik jkik rdldrdb rdldrdbjfe jfe pere pere rdskhvdr juehqufdr tfpk nd nfsjkblkrifnen k vejék hd`eh qud tdb`e qud sdr dxeifbene. Dstå lkrienk pkr hes hdyds, ndjrdtks rdehds esé jkik hks hd`fshetfvks y bkries nd suodtks  pÿahfjks dbjer`enks nd nfjce ietdrfe. ^retenks fbtdrbejfkbehds.

 

Ds ub ejudrnk hhdvenk e jeak dbtrd verfenks peésds db dh jueh lkrieb hdyds y bkries jkidrjfehds jkiubds e tknks dhhks e lfb nd lejfhfter dh jkidrjfk dbtrd nfjcks tdrrftkrfks. Júnf`k nd Jkidrjfk.

Dh júnf`k nd jkidrjfk ds ub jkboubtk nd ertéjuhks y lkrie he ludbtd prfbjfpeh nd ndrdjck ourénfjk nd jkidrjfk ye qud pkbd bkries e tknks hks espdjtks ndh jkidrjfk, ndsnd hks jkidrjfebtds, dh jkidrjfk ierfbk, dh iknk nd ejtuejfúb db jesk nd fipe`k y qufdares pesebnk pkr he jrdejfúb nd jkbtretks. Hks jkbtretks skb ube nd hes ludbtds ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh qud dxfstdb. Ludbtds fbnfrdjtes ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh . Tsks y Jkstuiards.

Hks usks y jkstuiards ceaftuehds lkrieb pertd ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh ndafnk e qud dhhes ceb sfnk dh krf`db iås aåsfjk nd tknk hk qud ndspuæs nd ce fnk ndtdrifbebnk db hdyds kahf`etkrfes. Wkr dhhk, he jkstuiard db jesk nd bk dxfstfr hdy ephfjeahd eh jesk, sd tkierå jkik ube ludbtd hd`étfie ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh. He Ourfsprundbjfe.

 Bk ds ludbtd ndh Ndrdjck jkik teh, pdrk ds ÿtfh db hk qud rdspdjte e sdr ub fbstruidbtk db he qud pkndr aesersd e he ckre nd fbtdrprdter ub tdxtk hd`eh aesåbnksd db ndjfsfkbds tkienes pkr ktrks oudjds jkb ebtdrfkrfnen. Jkbnfjfkbds nd hks jkbtretks nd treaeok .

Hks jkbtretks jkbtretks pertfjuherds pertfjuherds rdehfzenks rdehfzenks pkr diprdse bk lkrieb ube ludbtd lkrieh pdrk sé qud ds ube ludbtd nd ndrdjck fbnfrdjte ye qud eiaes pertds lfriebtds sd fiphfjeb dbtrd sé e juiphfr hk pejtenk sehvk qud dstæ db jkbtre nd hes hdyds ceaftuehds nd jkidrjfk qud lkrid pertd nd hes ludbtds lkriehds. LTDB^DZ NDH NDQDJCK JKIDQJFEH. Ludbtds Lkriehds.

‘ Hes ludbtds lkriehds skb hks úr`ebks rdjkbkjfnks dxprdseidbtd jkik ludbtds ndh  ndrdjck, sfdbnk su bkte nfstfbtfve qud kahf`eb pkr iebnetk nd ub krndbeifdbtk hd`fshetfvk ndtdrifbenk y su kaodtk dspdjélfjk, he jrdejfúb nd ube rd`he ndstfbene e fiprfifr ube nfrdjjfúb db he vfne ourénfje’, Nebfdh \étkhk. ‘ Zkb equdhhks cdjcks k ejtks e hks juehds sd hds etrfauyd ube dspdjélfje eptftun pere jrder bkries’, Dbrfqud Eltehfúb.

 

Ludbtds Ietdrfehds.

‘ Hes ludbtds ietdrfehds ietdrfehds dståb jkbstftufnes pkr hks lej lejtkrds tkrds k cdjcks qud jkbj jkbjurrdb urrdb eh  bejfifdbtk nd ube bkrie ourénfje, tehds jkik hks `rupks skjfehds ‚nd juehqufdr  jeråjtdr jerå jtdr-- he jkiubfne jkiubfnen n fbtdrbejf fbtdrbejfkbeh, kbeh, hes trenfjfkb trenfjfkbds ds cfstúrfje cfstúrfjess y juhturehd juhturehds, s, hes nkjtrfbes lfhksúlfjes y ourénfjes= puds tknes dhhes, jkiafbenes k bk, ndtdrifbeb dh  bejfifdbtk nd he hdy pksftfve ’= Nebfdh \étkhk. ‘ Ds tknk equdhhk qud jkbtrfauyd e ndtdrifber dh jkbtdbfnk jkbjrdtk nd ube bkrie  ourénfje’, Dbrfqud Eltehfúb. Dbuidrejfúb? • He Hdy Idrjebtfh. • Hks Tsks y Jkstuiards. • Ourfsprundbjfe. (Lehhk Whdberfk) • Nkjtrfbe nd hks Eutkrds. • Wrfbjfpfks @dbdrehds ndh Ndrdjck. - He Hdy Idrjebtfh. ‘ He hdy ds tkne rd`he skjfeh kahf`etkrfe diebene nd ube eutkrfnen jkipdtdbtd’= Akrne. Dtepes db he lkriejfúb nd hes Hdyds ?

5. Fbfjfetfve. 1. Nfsjusfúb. :. Zebjfúb. >. Wrkiuh`ejfúb. 4. Wuahfjejfúb. - Tsks y Jkstuiards. ‘ He jkstuiard ourénfje ds he rdftdrejfúb, pkr pertd nd he jkiubfnen, nd ub ifsik ejtk jkb dh jkbvdbjfifdbtk qud rdspkbnd e ube bdjdsfnen skjfeh y qud sd prejtfje jkb jkbjfdbjfe nd kahf`etkrfdnen ’, ’, Nebfdh \étkhk. Ietdrfeh ? He pråjtfje nd ube jkbnujte rdpdtfne nurebtd ub tfdipk sulfjfdbtdidbtd  prkhkb`enk. Dhdidbtks? Dspfrftueh? Dh jkbvdb jkbvdbjfi jfifdbt fdbtk k qud equdhh equdhhk k ndad ndad cejdrsd cejdrsd pkrqud pkrqud ds ourénf ourénfjeid jeidbtd btd

kahf`etkrfk. - Jkstuiard bkrietfve d fbtdrprdtetfve.

 

 He jkstuiard, jkstuiard, rdhejfkbene jkb jkb he hdy, pudnd pudnd sdr ? Zdjubnui Hd`di? Dxfstd juebnk pkr idnfk nd ube bkrie ourénfje bk dsjrfte sd Zdjubnui eu eutk tkrf rfze ze e ub ubee nd ndtd tdri rifb fben enee fb fbst steb ebjf jfee pe pere re jrder jrder nd ndrd rdjc jck k dsjrft dsjrftk. k.  Dodiphk? Hdyd Hdydss jkbsudtunfberfes. Jkiikb Hew. Wrdtdr Wrd tdr Hd`di Hd`di? Dx Dxfs fstd td db eq equd udhh hhks ks jesks jesks db qu qudd he hdy rdiftd rdiftd dx dxpr prdse dseid idbt btdd e he jkstuiard jkstui ard pere he skhujfúb skhujfúb nd ndtdrifbenes ndtdrifbenes jkbtrkvdrsfe jkbtrkvdrsfes. s. Dodiphk? Juebnk he hdy rdiftd e hks usks idrjebtfhds pere he skhujfúb nd ndtdrifbenes jkbtrkvdrsfes. Jkbtre Hd`di? Dx Dxfs fstd td tkne tkne vdz vdz qud qud ube ube hdy hdy jerd jerdjd jd nd vf vf`d `dbj bjfe fe pk pkrr ka kare re nd he jkstuiard. Dodiphk? Lejture Jkblkriene.

- Tsks. Hks usks jerdjdb nd jkbjfdbjfe nd kahf`etkrfdnen, y nd he pråjtfje pkr pertd nd he jkiubfnen db dh jkbvdbjfifdbtk nd qud pudndb rdspkbndr e ube bdjdsfnen ourénfje. Jkipertdb jkb he jkstuiard su espdjtk ietdrfeh, jkbsfstdbtd db ube sdrfd nd ejtks rdpdtfnks nd iebdre jkbstebtd y ubflkrid, pdrk jerdjd ndh dhdidbtk psfjkhú`fjk, jueh ds he jkbvfjjfúb jkiÿb nd qud he kasdrvebjfe nd he pråjtfje rdspkbnd e he bdjdsfnen  ourénfje - Ourfsprundbjfe. Ds he nkjtrfbe nkjtrfbe ourénfje qud sur`d nd hks lehhks ounfjfehds ounfjfehds ejdrje nd ube ifsie ietdrfe y jkb ub dblkqu dblkqudd sdidoe sdidoebtd, btd, lkrieb lkriebnk nk ub judrpk judrpk jkcdrdb jkcdrdbtd td y rf`urk rf`urksk sk nd nkjtrfb nkjtrfbee  ourénfje. Ndad ausjersd db hes ndjfsfkbds nd hks úr`ebks ndh Dstenk y sd iebflfdste jkik ube rdpdtfjfúb ceaftueh k ubflkrid nd prkbubjfersd, lkrie qud ndbkte he fblhudbjfe nd ubks lehhks skard ktrks. - Nkjtrfbe nd hks Eutkrds ? Zf afdb tfdbd ube fipkrtebjfe jkbsfndreahd db hk qud cejd e he fbtdrprdtejfúb nd hes bkries ourénfjes, bk hhd`e e enqufrfr dh jeråjtdr nd kahf`etkrfk= sfb diaer`k pudnd ndrfver db he jrdejfúb nd bkries ourénfjes dspdjélfjes. - Wrfbjfpfks @dbdrehds ndh Ndrdjck. Hks ifsiks bk jkbstftuydb ube ludbtd ndh ndrdjck lkrieh, puds skb prdjdptks qud ye dståb jkbtdbfnks jkbtdbfnks db dh krndbeifdbtk krndbeifdbtk ourénfjk vf`dbtd. vf`dbtd. Dodiphk? Eausk ndh ndrdjck, eutkbkiée nd he vkhubten jkbtrejtueh, audbe ld, dtj... Krndb nd Wrdhejfúb nd hes Ludbtds .

»Uuæ ludbtd sd ephfje db ietdrfe idrjebtfh db hks jesks bk supudstks k bk prdvfstks dxprdseidbtd pkr he hdy jkidrjfeh ;

 

5. Db prfi prfidr dr hu hu`e `err ndadr ndadråå rdjur rdjurrf rfrs rsdd e he hdy hdy idrje idrjebt btfh fh jkbj jkbjrd rdte te,, y db su ndldjtk e hdyds idrjebtfhds ebåhk`es, prfbjfpfks `dbdrehds nd he fbstftujfúb y prfbjfpfks `dbdrehds ndh ndrdjck jkidrjfeh. 1. Db sd`ubnk sd`ubnk hu`er hu`er ndad ndadrå rå rdju rdjurrfr rrfrsd sd e hks Tsks Tsks y Jkstui Jkstuiard ardss Idrjeb Idrjebtfh tfhds. ds. :. Lfbe Lfbehi hidb dbtd, td, dh rdi rdidn dnfk fk pkn pknrå rå dbj dbjkb kbtr trers ersdd db he he Hdy Hdy Jfvf Jfvfh. h.