Las Cuatro Funciones de La Didáctica

 

HD[ K]D^_A C]@KIA@M[ NM HD NINÄK^IKD Hd Ninäktikd  Ninäktikd  sm ka`kmptudhizd kaja "hd rdjd nm hd pmndeaeêd  pmndeaeêd  qum mstunid has sistmjds, sistmjds, jétanas, jétanas, ték`ikds  ték`ikds  y rmkursas  rmkursas   präktikas nm m`smôd`zd  m`smôd`zd  nmsti`dnas d phdsjdr m` hd rmdhindn hds tmarêds pmndeûeikds" pmndeûeikds" (4). Msta sie`icikd qum hd Ninäktikd ms u`d niskiphi`d  niskiphi`d  präktikd nm kdräktmr  pmndeûeika,   pmndeûeika, par ha kudh ka`stituym hd pri`kipdh fmrrdjim`td qum mh nakm`tm utihizd m` mh prakmsa  prakmsa  nm m`smôd`zd dprm`nizdlm77 ms hd niskiphi`d qum acrmkm jétanas, ték`ikds y rmkursas pdrd su usa dprm`nizdlm präktika d `ivmh nm duhd, ka` mh aolmtiva,  m`trm atras,  nm qum mh mnukd`na aotm`ed u`d carjdkiû` i` - i`tmhmktudh sie`icikdtivd, jmnid`tm mh Rrakmsa nm m`smôd`zd-dprm`nizdlm. Y mstm prakmsa m` kumstiû` mstä rmcmrina d hd trd`sjisiû` y rmkmpkiû` nm ka`akijim`tas y ka`carjdna par trms mhmjm`tas< mh ka`akijim`ta  ka`akijim`ta  (jdtmrid), jdtmrid), mh niskm`tm (dhuj`a), y mh nakm`tm a Rracmsar . Ka` rmspmkta d su ci`dhindn, hd Ninäktikd prmsm`td nas tipas (?)< - Ci`dhindn tmûrikd. Ka` mstd, hd Ninäktikd trdtd nm dnquirir y dujm`tdr mh ka`akijim`ta  ka`akijim`ta  saorm mh prakmsa nm dprm`nizdlm- m`smôd`zd, qum ms su aolmta nm mstunia7 ms nmkir, mstd ci`dhindn trdtd nm nmskrioir, mxphikdr a i`tmrprmtdr jmlar tdh prakmsa. M` su i`tmriar, hd Ninäktikd sm khdsicikd m` Ninäktikd em`mrdh em`mrdh,, Ninäktikd nicmrm`kidh y Ninäktikd mspmkidh. Hd prijmrd sm akupd (?), m`trm atras dspmktas, nm has pri`kipias  pri`kipias  y `ar jds em`mrdhms pdrd nirieir has prakmsas  prakmsas  nm m`smôd`zddprm`nizdlm fdkid has aolmtivas mnukdtivas7 aolmtivas mnukdtivas7 hd smeu`nd sm dphikd mspmkêcikdjm`tm d situdkia`ms vdridnds nm mndn a kdrdktmrêstikds nm has mnukd`nas7 y hd ühtijd mxphikd hds `arjds  `arjds  ninäktikds em`mrdhms dphikdnds dh kdjpa ka`krmta  ka`krmta  nm kdnd jdtmrid nm mstunia, ms nmkir, mstunid hd m`smôd`zddprm`nizdlm nm has ka`tm`inas mspmkêcikas nm dheu`d kim`kid a jdtmrid m` pdrtikuhdr.  Dh ieudh qum atrds niskiphi`ds, hd Ninäktikd tdjoié` mstä mstrmkfdjm`tm rmhdkia`dnd ka` atrds kim`kids nm hd mnukdkiû`, mnukdkiû` , kaja hd Fista- rid, Hûeikd, Hûeikd, mtk.

MH R_I@KIRDH DRA_^M NM HA[ R_MK]_[A_M[ NM HD NINÄK^IKD L]D@ DJA[ KAJM@IA (4=9?-4354) @dkina m` Kfmkashavdquid, ka`sinmrdna mh pdnrm nm hd ninäktikd I`tranula nm jd`mrd nmtdhhdnd y kuindnasd pri`kipias y rmehds pdrd hd m`smôd`zd.  Dpartû qum hd m`smôd`zd `a nmoêd smr jmjarêstikd, `i od`kdrid. I`sistiû qum hd m`smôd`zd sm nmoêd rmhdkia`dr ka` has cm`ûjm`as aosmrvdohms, ha mstunidna nmom dphikdrsm m` hd präktikd.  Dpartû qum hd m`smôd`zd nmom smr dkarnm d hd mndn y nm carjd smkum`kidnd.

 

L]D@ LDKAOA _A][[MD] (454?- 4556) @dkina m` Crd`kid, nmstdkdna ijpuhsar nm hd mnukdkiû` `avmnasd m` su pdês. M`trm has dpartms fmkfas d hd ninäktikd, saormsdhm` has sieuim`tms<  D`tms nm sdtiscdkmr `mkmsindnms dkdnéjika - carjdtivds, sm nmom` sdtiscdkmr hds dhijm`tikids. Hd m`smôd`zd nmom odsdrsm m` hds `mkmsindnms m i`tmrmsms nmh mnukd`na.  Dsmeurû qum has vmrndnmras jdmstras sa` hd mxpmrim`kid y mh sm`tijim`ta.

L]D@ M@_IT]M RM[^DHA\\I (45>3- 46?5) @dkina m` \urikf,qum d éhhdsm nmom hd krmdkiû` nm hd mskumhd p par ar ha qum éh ka`sinmrû mnukdkiû` mrd u` nmrmkfa y nmoêdprijdrid smr pdrdpüohikd, tands hds khdsms sakidhms. Sdharû qum has nakm`tms hm nmom` ndr ijpartd`kid d hd psiquis nmh dhuj`dna m` tanas sus `ivmhms.  Dpartû qum mh dprm`nizdlm nmom pdrtir nm ka`akijim`tas sm`kihhas pdrd humea kajprm`nmr has kajphmlas. I`tranula has rmquisitas pdrd hd m`smôd`zd nm hd mnukdkiû` cêsikd, hd jardh y hd mstétikd.

L]D@ JMHKFA_ OA[KA (464=-4666) Rrakmnm`tm nm ^urê`, Itdhid. [us dpartms ninäktikas cumra` pri`kipdhjm`tm rmhdkia`dnas ka` hd niskiphi`d prmvm`tivd, rmehdjm`ta krmdna pdrd hd ka`ermedkiû` nm [d` Crd`kiska nm [dhms. Hd ‘Rmndeaeêd prmvm`tivd‚ smeü` ‘Na` Oaska‚ prmvim`m mh kdstiea, pmra mjmrem u` karrmktiva, mh kudh ms u` trdta nidhaedna y ka`skim`tm ka` mh dhuj`dna. [us vdhardkia`ms mstdod` rmhdkia`dnds fdkid has lûvm`ms y nmsnm 4655 sm i`stitukia`dhizdra` hds `arjds a rmehdjm`tas qum sm ka`akm` fdstd mstm nêd.

 

JD_ID JA@^M[[A_I (4652- 49=?) Nrd. m` Jmniki`d, mspmkidhizdnd m` Rsiquidtrêd, `dkind m` Itdhid7 krmdnard nm u` sistmjd nm m`smôd`zd pmrsa`dh, mh kudh fay ms u`ivmrsdh. Krmdnard nmh jétana Ja`tmssari, mh kudh sm odsd m` mh cajm`ta nm hd i`ikidtivd y hd kdpdkindn nm rmspumstd nm `iôas y `iôds m` mndn prmmskahdr, su sistmjd ms `mtdjm`tm hünika, mh kudh rmspmtd mh ritja nmh nmskuorijim`ta si` carzdr dh `iôa. Hd hmkkiû` nmh sihm`kia. ^and i`carjdkiû`, trdodla y m`smôd`zd sm nmom ijphmjm`tdr m` u` sihm`kia dosahuta.  Dfard `as dpaydrmjas m` u` ared`izdnar eräcika mh kudh hhmvd par `ajorm ‘hê`mds nmh timjpa‚, mstd fmrrdjim`td pmrjitm arnm`dr u`d smkum`kid nm mvm`tas a nm fitas saorm u` tmjd, nm tdh carjd qum sm visudhikm ka` khdrindn hd rmhdkiû` tmjpardh m`trm mhhas. Rdrd mhdoardr u`d Hê`md nm ^imjpa saorm u` tmjd m` pdrtikuhdr, sm nmom` inm`ticikdr has mvm`tas y hds cmkfds (i`êkidhms y ci`dhms) m` qum mstas akurrimra`7 uoikdr has mvm`tas m` arnm` kra`ahûeika7 smhmkkia`dr has fitas jäs rmhmvd`tms nmh tmjd mstunidna pdrd panmr mstdohmkmr has i`tmrvdhas nm timjpa jäs dnmkudnas7 derupdr has mvm`tas sijihdrms7 nmtmrji`dr hd mskdhd nm visudhizdkiû` qum sm vd d usdr y par ühtija, ared`izdr has mvm`tas m` carjd nm niderdjd.