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LHP HYYHP

8.  KFQYEA]@@KÐF Mf ml Amrm`je Yedhfe @lèsk`e, mrhf sele `efnkrdhterkhs y `efskstähf cmfmrhldmftm mf lh mftrmch am ikmfms am pe`e vhler `ede `efnkrdh`kðf aml `edpredkse y qum mstm sm mf`umftrh pmfakmftm am `udplkdkmfte. Mf lh ëpe`h am Oustkfkhfe lh nkcurh `eirð etre smftkae, pums sm lh tedh `ede uf deae vèlkae am lkimrhrsm am lhs eilkch`kefms `eftrh`tuhlms. Mf lh h`tuhlkaha msth nkcurh lh `efe`mdes `ede lhs hrrhs pmfktmf`khlms. @ef ml `ef`mpte am hrrhs mftmfamdes qum ms lh trhfsdkskðf am akfmre e am etres eiomtes qum hl tkmdpe am lh `ef`luskðf am uf `eftrhte mftrmch ufh am lhs phrtms h lh etrh. Lhs hrrhs pumamf pmrsmcukr ufh trkplm nkfhlkaha? h) `efnkrdhr lh `ef`luskðf aml `eftrhte qum sef lhs hrrhs `efnkrdhterkhs y lhs mf`eftrhdes mf ml hrt. 8133)2 i) msthilm`mr ufh chrhftäh am `udplkdkmfte aml `eftrhte, dmakhftm lh përakah am lhs hrrhs e su amvelu`kðf aeilhah mf `hse am kf`udplkdkmfte, qum sef lhs hrrhs  pmfhlms y lhs mf`eftrhdes mf ml hrt. 813:2 y `) nkohr ufh rmtrkiu`kðf phrh tmfmr ml amrm`je am rmtrh`thrsm aml `eftrhte prmphrhterke, dmakhftm lh përakah am lhs hrrhs  per qukmf qukmf lhs lhs ake e lh rmstktu`kðf aeilhah per qqukmf ukmf lh rm`kikð, rm`kikð, qum qum sef sef lhs llhdhahs hrrhs am rmtrh`th`kðf e hrrhs pmfktmf`khlms e am amskstkdkmfte mf ml hrt. 81:7.  Fumstre @ðakce @kvkl pmruhfe pmruhfe am 8;:1 8;:1 rmculh rmculh h lhs hrrhs mf aes aes tätules. Qätule ZKKK (Hrrhs `efnkrdhterkhs) y Qätule ZK^ (Hrrhs am rmtrh`th`kðf) fe mxkstkmfae  prepkhdmftm uf tätule mspm`änk`e phrh lhs “hrrhs pmfhlms— pums msths mf rmhlkaha mstèf `edprmfakahs amftre am hquml tätule. 9.  AMPHYYELLE 9.8. HYYHP @EFKNYDHQEYKHP Lhs hrrhs `efnkrdhterkhs lhs mf`eftrhdes mf ml hrtä`ule 8133? “Lh mftrmch am am hrrhs `efnkrdhterkhs kdperth lh `ef`luskðf aml `eftrhte. Mf `hse am `udplkdkmfte, qukmf rm`kikð lhs hrrhs lhs amvelvmrè e lhs kdputhrè seirm su `rëakte, smcÿf lh fhturhlmzh am lh prmsth`kðf—. prmsth`kðf—.   Msths hrrhs sef lh rmktmrh`kðf am qum lhs phrtms jhf `ef`lukae uf `eftrhte y mf du`jes `hses prmsmfthf uf hamlhfte am lh prmsth`kðf `uyh mom`u`kðf hÿf fe sm jh dhtmrkhlkzhae.

 

Lhs hrrhs `efnkrdhterkhs `efnkrdhterkhs qum nerdhf pphrtm hrtm aml prm`ke sm kdputhf h ëstm, am am nerdh qum rmprmsmfthf ml `udplkdkmfte phr`khl am lh eilkch`kðf am lh phrtm qum lhs ake. Dkmftrhs qum lhs hrrhs qum tkmfmf lh nuf`kðf am smøhl, tkmfmf `hrè`tmr am prumih, skmdprm tmrdkfhrèf per smr rmstktukahs. r mstktukahs. @uhfae lhs hrrhs tmfchf ufh fhturhlmzh akstkfth hl `rëakte am qukmf lhs rm`kikð mstm amimrè amvelvmrlhs. “H— jh `mlmirhae `ef “I— uf `eftrhte am `edprhvmfth am uf amphrthdmfte. Mf ufh am lhs `lèusulhs sm mstkpulh qum ml prm`ke sm phchrè mf ae`m hrdhahs y qum ml vmfamaer “H— mstè rm`kikmfae per `ef`mpte am hrrhs `efnkrdhterkhs 97, 777 selms. Pm havkmrtm per thfte qum mxkstm uf `eftrhte `uyh mom`u`kðf teahväh fe sm jh preau`kae y qum lh mftrmch am les 97, 777 selms sele mstè rmhnkrdhfae lh veluftha yh nerdhlkzhah am `eftrhthr, rmnerzèfaelh. (Hrkhs P`jrmkimr Wmzmt, 9788, p. 9;:) Lhs amfedkfhahs hrrhs `efnkrdhterkhs, mf `hse am `udplkdkmfte am lh eilkch`kðf, phshf h smr phrtm aml prm`ke tethl, y mf `hse am kf`udplkdkmfte, `hiräh pmakr ml `udplkdkmfte aml `eftrhte e ikmf lh rmselu`kðf, mf hdies `hses `ef lh kfamdfkzh`kðf am ahøes y pmrouk`kes sk pre`mam. Hsä, mf `hse am `udplkdkmfte am lh eilkch`kðf sm kdputh hl prm`ke, dkmftrhs qum sk sm trhth am kf`udplkdkmfte, fe sm pumam kdputhr lh kfamdfkzh`kðf hl `ef`mpte am hrrhs, y ms qum les ahøes y pmrouk`kes e`hskefhaes h ufh phrtm, lh qum rm`kikð lhs hrrhs, amimf `uhftknk`hrsm y oustknk`hrsm, pumam kf`luse qum fe sm jhyhf preau`kae ahøes mnm`tkves, per le qum ihsthrè `ef lh amvelu`kðf am lh `hftkaha mftrmchah qum sm kih h `edputhr hl tethl aml prm`ke. [ aml dksde deae, sk qukmf mftrmcð lhs hrrhs ms ml qum kf`udplm, hÿf hsä tmfarè amrm`je h qum sm lm amvumlvh lh `hftkaha mftrmchah, skf pmrouk`ke am qum pre`mah ml phce mf `ef`mpte am kfamdfkzh`kðf per ahøes y pmrouk`kes preau`kaes per ml kf`udplkdkmfte hl dksde kdputhilm. (@rmdhams Chr`äh, 978=, pp. 9;;-077). 9.9.HYYHP WMFHLMP Mf fumstre `ðakce mf`eftrhdes lhs hrrhs mf ml hrtä`ule 813:? “Pk lh phrtm qum juikmsm mftrmchae lhs hrrhs fe `udplm lh eilkch`kðf  per `hush kdputhilm h mllh, lh etrh phrtm pumam amohr skf mnm`te ml `eftrhte `efsmrvhfae lhs hrrhs. Pk qukmf fe `udplkð ms lh phrtm qum lhs jh rm`kikae, lh etrh pumam amohr skf mnm`te ml `eftrhte y mxkckr ml aeilm am lhs hrrhs—.  hrrhs—. 

 

  Pk sm kf`udplm ml `eftrhte, ml mnm`te am lhs l hs hrrhs `efnkrdhterkhs ms pmramrlhs e amvelvmrlhs aeilhahs, smcÿf qum ml kf`udplkdkmfte sm amih h `hush kdputhilm hl qum lhs mftrmcð e hl qum lhs rm`kikð. Ms am`kr, lhs hrrhs qum mf uf prkf`kpke numref `efnkrdhterkhs amvkmfmf mf pmfhlms. Lh përakah e lh amvelu`kðf aeilhah am lhs hrrhs ms ufh shf`kðf `kvkl phrh ml `eftrhthftm qum jh kf`udplkae ml `eftrhte y mvkth h lh phrtm pmrouak`hah `ef ml kf`udplkdkmfte ml tmfmr qum rm`urrkr fm`mshrkhdmftm h oum`ms e èriktres amdhfahae ml `udplkdkmfte e lh rmselu`kðf aml `eftrhte, dès lh kfamdfkzh`kðf am ahøes, `ef les `efskcukmftms chstes y përakah am tkmdpe. (Qerrms ^èsqumz, 977;, p. 17). Lhs hrrhs pmfhlms jh` jh`mf mf hluskðf hl kf`udplkdkm kf`udplkdkmfte fte mnm`tuhae per per ufh am lhs  phrtms aml `eftrhte `ef`lukae. Pk ml `eftrhte ms kf`udplkae per qukmf ake lhs hrrhs lh etrh pumam `efsmrvhrlhs y rmselvmr ml `eftrhte2 mf `hdike, sk ml `eftrhte ms kf`udplkae per qukmf lhs rm`kikð, mstm lhs amvelvmrè aeilhahs tmfkmfae lh etrh phrtm lh ep`kðf am rmselvmr ml `eftrhte thdikëf. 9.0.HYYHP AM YMQYH@QH@KÐF Mf fumstre `ðakce `ðakce le mf`eftrhde mf`eftrhdess mf ml hrtä`ule 81:7? “Lh mftrmch am lhs hrrhs am rmtrh`th`kðf sðle ms vèlkah mf les `eftrhtes  prmphrhterkes y `ef`mam h lhs phrtms ml ml amrm`je am rmtrh`thrsm rmtrh`thrsm am mlles—.  mlles—.  Ml smftkae am msths hrrhs fe mstè mf rmhnkrdhr ml vhler aml `eftrhte, skfe am huterkzhr h rmselvmrle. Ml amrm`je am rmtrh`thrsm am ufh rmlh`kðf `efvmf`kefhl mxkstmftm per `udplkrsm. Xukmf momr`kth mstm ph`te, sm hphrth hsä am su eilkch`kðf, skf qum per mlle kf`urrh mf ufh `hushl am kf`udplkdkmfte fe  oustknk`hae. ^mhdes ml skcukmftm momdple. “H— `mlmirh `ef “I— uf `eftrhte am predmsh am hrrmfahdkmfte (`eftrhte prmphrhterke) am ufh `hsh, per ml plhze nerzese am uf høe. Mf ufh `lèusulh sm msthilm`m qum ml prkdmre pearè lkimrhrsm lk imrhrsm vèlkahdmftm am mstm `edpredkse prmphrhterke, phrh le `uhl mftrmch h “I— lh sudh am =77 selms `ede hrrhs am rmtrh`th`kðf. Pk “H— mom`uth ak`jh `lèusulh y sm amslkch am lh predmsh am `eftrhthr, “I— h su vmz jhrè suyes les =77 selms. (Hrkhs P`jrmkimr Wmzmt, 9788, p. 9;:) Lhs hrrhs am rmtrh`th`kðf fe sm mftrmchf `ede smøh am lh `mlmirh`kðf aml `eftrhte, skfe `ede rmtrkiu`kðf phrh qum lhs phrtms haqukmrhf ml amrm`je am amskstkrsm aml `eftrhte prmphrhterke qum jhf `mlmirhae2 `efstktuymf ml prm`ke

 

qum sm phch phrh tmfmr ml amrm`je am rmtrh`thrsm, ms am`kr, am smphrhsm ufklhtmrhldmftm aml `eftrhte skf tmfmr qum ahr mxplk`h`kefms mxplk`h`kefms.. Lhs hrrhs rmtrh`th`kðf htrkiuymf h lhs phrtms `eftrhthftms ml amrm`je am rmtrh`thrsm aml `eftrhte prmphrhterke qum jhf `mlmirhae2 `uhlqukmrh am mllhs  pumam am rmtrh`thrsm, klkdkthah kl kdkthah y hriktrhrkhdmftm, aml `eftrhte, prms`kfakmfae aml `edperthdkmfte am lh `eftrhphrtm. (Qerrms ^èsqumz, 977;, p. 1=) 0.  @EF@L]PKEFMP Amsam ml amrm`je redhfe jhilhr am hrrhs kfvelu`rhih lh mftrmch am uf ikmf dhtmrkhl e am akfmre. @uhfae lh mftrmch am hrrhs (e smh mstes ikmfms dhtmrkhlms e akfmre) sm jh`äh `ef dkrhs hl `udplkdkmfte aml `eftrhte e smh am `efnkrdhrle rm`kiähf ml fedirm am “hrrhs `efnkrdhterkhs—. Mf `hdike, `uhfae lh mftrmch am lhs hrrhs sm jh`äh `ef ml eiomtkve am hphrthrsm aml `eftrhte pestmrkerdmftm, e smh am rmselvmrle, rm`kiähf ml fedirm am am “hrrhs pmfktmf`khlms— pmfktmf`khlms—..  Lhs hrrhs `efnkrdhterkhs sef hqumlles ikmfms näsk`es e akfmre qum ah ufh am lhs  phrtms am lh rmlh`kðf `eftrh`tuhl phrh lh `ef`luskðf aml dksde. Mf `hse am `udplkdkmfte aml `eftrhte qukmf lhs rm`kikð pearè e ikmf amvelvmrlhs e kdputhrlhs h su `rëakte. Fe eisthftm, `uhfae lhs hrrhs tmfchf ufh fhturhlmzh akstkfth hl `rëakte am qukmf lhs rm`kikð mstm amimrè amvelvmrlhs. Lhs hrrhs pmfhlms jh`mf hluskðf hl kf`udplkdkmfte mnm`tuhae per ufh am lhs phrtms aml `eftrhte `ef`lukae. Pk ml `eftrhte ms kf`udplkae per qukmf ake lhs hrrhs lh etrh  pumam `efsmrvhrlhs `efsmrvhrlhs y rmselvmr ml ``eftrhte2 eftrhte2 mf `h `hdike, dike, sk ml `eftrhte ms kf`udplkae  per qukmf lhs rm`kikð, mstm lhs amvelvmrè amvelvmrè aeilhahs tmfkmfae tmfkmfae lh etrh phrtm lh ep`kðf am rmselvmr ml `eftrhte thdikëf. Lhs hrrhs am rmtrh`th`kðf sef amrm`je qum tkmfmf lhs phrtms qum `mlmirhref uf `eftrhte prmphrhterke am amskstkrsm aml dksde prmvkh mftrmch am uf ikmf näsk`e e am akfmre. 1.  IKILKECYHNÄH HYKHP P@JYMKIMY WM_MQ, Dhx (9788). Mxëcmsks aml @ðakce @kvkl pmruhfe am 8;:1. @eftrhtes Whrtm Cmfmrhl. Qede K, Lkdh? Ferdhs lmchlms. QEYYMP ^ÈPX]M_, Hfäihl (977;). “Lhs hrrhs—. Mf? Kurms Edfms, Fumvh Ëpe`h, Ymvksth am lh @ertm Pupmrker am Oustk`kh am Hrmqukph, vel. ZK, f. 9, Hrmqukph? @ertm Pupmrker am Oustk`kh am Hrmqukph, pp. 08-=9.