Las Arcillas Expansivas Son Posiblemente El Material Más Problemático en Ingeniería Civil

 

 

HIRB\CZBCÒO L\IUI Yog grbcddg ixpgoscvg is gquiddg grbcddg susbiptcldi hi prahubcr `rgohis bgmlcas hi vadumio, io hcribtg ridgbcòo bao das bgmlcas io dg fumihgh hid suida.

G\BCDDGR IVZGORCUGR Mitahada`íg hi dg covistc`gbcòo

Ysugrca M.G Oai \cbgrha @aozçdiz Muo`uíg Gdumog; Piohy Ngrcog Sç÷iz @grrcha Co`iociríg bcvcd 0ma. bugtrcmistri

 

Dgs grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs ixpgoscv gs sao pascldimioti id mgtircgd mçs praldimçtcba io co`iociríg bcvcd, `iatibocg i co`iociríg `iadò`cbg, is par isa, qui su istuhca io mibçocbg hi suidas y `iatibocg is oibisgrca pgrg da`rgr qui dgs alrgs hi co`iociríg bcvcd oa suergo hg÷as bao id pgsgr hid tcimpa.

±Wuã sao dgs grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs1 Dgs grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs sao gquiddgs qui baoearmgo das suidas grbcddasas, haohi id tgmg÷a hi dgs pgrtíbudgs is coeircar g < mcbrgs, y si bgrgbtirczgo par dg bgpgbchgh qui hi ixpgoscòo (gumiota hi vadumio) bugoha glsarlio g`ug a ritrgbbcòo (hcsmcoubcòo hi vadumio) bugoha lgkg dg fumihgh.

Xcpas hi grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs Io `ioirgd taha tcpa hi grbcddgs, tcioio gdtg bgpgbchgh hi ritiobcòo hi g`ug, sco imlgr`a, ixcstio bcirta tcpa hi grbcddgs qui par su bampascbcòo y bampartgmciota sao dgs mçs praldimçtcbgs, gd`uogs sao; ❕ 

Dgs grbcddgs ismibtctgs ❕  Dgs grbcddgs maotmarcddaoctgs maotmarcddaoctgs

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±Wuã praldimgs abgscaogo dgs grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs1 Id bgmlca hi vadumio io dgs grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs, oa is uocearmi y oa is baostgoti, ghimçs rispaohio g dgs baohcbcaois eíscbgs, gmlciotgs y iseuirzas qui mubfgs vibis oa si puihi prihibcr.

Rco imlgr`a, das praldimgs mçs bamuois qui bgusgo io alrgs hi co`iociríg bcvcd sao; ❕ 

@ioirgbcòo hi `rcitgs io vgrcgs hcribbcaois hilcha gd gsiotgmciota (ritrgbbcòo) a ixpgoscòo hi dgs grbcddgs. ❕  \aturg hi das idimiotas istrubturgdis hi uog alrg hi baostrubb baostrubbcòo. còo. ❕  Hiearmgbcòo y raturg hi das idimiotas hi bcmiotgbcòo.

±Wuã is dg ixpgoscvchg ixpgoscvchghh hid suida1 Dg ixpgoscvchgh hid suida barrispaohi gd gumiota hi vadumio qui abupg id mgtircgd qui baoearmg id suida, bgusgha par dg glsarbcòo hi g`ug (ritiobcòo hi g`ug io das paras), istg prapcihgh is bgrgbtirístcbg hi dgs grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs. Dg ixpgoscvchgh subihi bugoha dgs madãbudgs hi g`ug quihgo gtrgpghgs io dg rih brcstgdcog, iotri dgs bghiogs hi scdcbgtas hi dgs grbcddgs qui si iobuiotrgo uochas par iodgbis hãlcdis, pgsgoha g abupgr mgyar vadumio cocbcgd sco qui aburrg rigbbcaoiss químcbgs. rigbbcaoi

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RY HIRG\\ADDA IO DG \IZÛLDCBG MIVCBGOG

Io \ipûldcbg Mixcbgog praldimg hi dgs grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs impizgha sir dg glarhgha bghg viz bao idmçs eribuiobcg, puis, guoqui fgstg dg fg eibfg dgs zaogsg hitibtghgs bao isti tcpa hi suidas puihio baoschirgrsi hi hcmioscaois mihcgs, gd eutura das sctcas haohi si ieibtûgo alrgs hi co`iociríg fglrço hi cobrimiotgrsi bao rgpchiz. isti cobrimiota sirç gûo mçs rçpcha qui io atras sctcas hid muoha, yg qui si supaoi qui par ikimpda, id pra`rgmg hi baostrubbcòo hi Yochghis Fglctgbcaogdis io das biotras hi paldgbcòo, si`ucrç bao id mcsma a mgyar rctma hi hisgrradda qui io id gbtugd y par da tgota covghcrç dgs zaogs hi dgs bcuhghis qui fgstg gfarg fgo quihgha sco ihcecbgr, hilcha pribcsgmioti g das praldimgs qui prisiotgo, iotri atras, id hi dg prisiobcg hi das suidas ixpgoscvas. Id oûmira hi çrigs bao isti tcpa hi suidas qui si fgo iobaotrgha io ouistra pgís bulri prçbtcbgmioti taha id tirrctarca ogbcaogd, si`ûo das hgtas altiochas hi istuhcas rigdczghas par id hipgrtgmiota hi @iatibocg hi dg Hcribbcòo @ioirgd hi Rirvcbcas Xãbocbas hi dg RGZA y hid coearmi prisiotgha par id CMRR io dg CU \iuocòo Ogbcaogd hi Mibçocbg hi Ruidas io 730< (Edaris Grmiotg, 7333). Bao lgsi io istg coearmgbcòo, si altuvcirao das hgtas hi pribcpctgbcòo mihcg gougd y ivgpargbcòo patiobcgd mihcg hi gquiddas du`gris hi dg \ipûldcbg Mixcbgog io das qui is ribaoabchg dg prisiobcg hi suidas ixpgoscvas. Das risudtghas si prisiotgo io dg tgldg sc`ucioti;

Ri`ûo puihimihcg alsirvgrsi, ixbipbcòo hi Ucddg Firmasg iomihcg, tahas bao das da bgsas pribcpctgbcòo gougd isgmioar g dg ivgpargbcòo patiobcgd bugd dg dg tiaríg hi Rãddir si barralarg (Edaris Grmiotg, 7333). Dg asbcdgbcòo hi dgs timpirgturgs ixtrimgs io das mcsmas sctcas is hid arhio hi 79 ºB · 7.

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id egbtar bdcmgtadò`cba risudtg sir uo cmpartgoti idimiota qui oas pirmctg hitibtgr zaogs patiobcgdis hi suidas ixpgoscvas, sc si baoabio das hgtas hi ivgpargbcòo patiobcgd mihcg y pribcpctgbcòo mihcg gougd. Io prcobcpca ista pirmcti piosgr qui fgbcioha usa hi istas hgtas puihi fgbirsi uog zaocecbgbcòo prcmgrcg hi dg \ipûldcbg Mixcbgog qui pirmctg baoabir dgs pralgldis çrigs hid pgís io dgs qui si iobuiotrio grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs. Hcstrclubcòo hi suidas ixpgoscvas io dg ripûldcbg mixcbgog Gd c`ugd qui atras pgísis Mãxcba si vi geibtgha par id praldimg hi dgs grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs sc`ucioti). Gd`uoasixpgoscvas hi das istghas io das bugdis si fg chiotcecbgha (ec`urg dg prisiobcg hi suidas sao Wuirãtgra, @ugogkugta, 8

 

Mcbfagbço, Xgmgudcpgs, Maridas, Lgkg Bgdcearocg Oarti, Uirgbruz, Bfcgpgs, Bgmpibfi, Raoarg y Rcogdag. Birbg hid sco imlgr`a, sadgmioti si baoschirg qui dg mctgh hi isti parbiotgki barrispaohi g tgotas baohcbcaois qui egvarizbgo id bampartgmciota ixpgoscva qui pirkucbcasgmlciotgdis bgusg io dg baostrubbcòo. Id brctirca baoschirgha pgrg dg pripgrgbcòo hid mgpg hi dg Ec`. 5.< tamg io buiotg, ghimçs hi dg ixcstiobcg hi virtcsads, dgs hceiriobcgs iotri ivgpargbcòo y pribcpctgbcòo, pgrg chiotcecbgr das sctcas io qui dg ivgpargbcòo ixbihi hi dg pribcpctgbcòo, da`rgoha gsí id mgpg qui muistrg dgs zaogs patiobcgdmioti geibtghgs par id praldimg hi ixpgoscòo istgbcaogd istgbcaogd hi suidas.

Zrapcihghis íohcbis hi suidas ixpgoscvas hi dg ripûldcbg mixcbgog Gpravibfgoha dg coearmgbcòo praparbcaoghg io hcvirsgs mimarcgs hi riuocaois ogbcaogdis hi mibçocbg hi suidas, si idglarg dg bgrtg hi pdgstcbchgh hi dg ec`urg sc`ucioti (Kcmãoiz Rgdgs, 733:), io dg bugd si iobuiotrgo ulcbghas suidas ixpgoscvas hi vgrcgs bcuhghis hid pgís.

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DG RCXYGBCÒO IO ID IRXGHA HI ZYILDG Dg zaocecbgbcòo `iatãbocbg hid tirrctarca ulcbgha io dg pgrti oarpaocioti hid Ugddi hi Zuildg pritiohi hgr baotcouchgh g das trglgkas rigdczghas par Guvcoit y Gzamazg io 7305 y 7336 rispibtcvgmioti, mcsmas qui budmcograo io dg gbtugd bgrtg hi zaocecbgbcòo `iatãbocbg pgrg id çrig urlgog hid vgddi hi Zuildg qui gbtugdmioti si baoabi. Hurgoti mçs hi tricotg g÷as dg imprisg Co`iociríg Bcvcd io Hisgrradda, R.G. hi B.U. (CBH R.G. hi B.U.) fg rigdczgha hi mgoirg baotcoug istuhcas `iatãbocbas g da dgr`a y gobfa hid çrig urlgog hid vgddi hi Zuildg mcsmas qui fgo scha egbcdctghas pgrg dg idglargbcòo hid prisioti trglgka. Das istuhcas utcdczghas io isti trglgka euirao coti`rghas io uog lgsi hi hgtas hc`ctgd pgrg su cotirpritgbcòo y g pgrtcr hid goçdcscs hi dg coearmgbcòo altiochg si fgo hiecocha sics zaogs `iatãbocbgs prcobcpgdis; 7) Hipòsctas iòdcbas hi arc`io vadbçocba earmghas prcobcpgdmioti par grbcddgs hi lgkg pdgstcbchgh y grbcddgs grioasgs> 2) Lgsgdtas prisiotis gd isti y gd aisti hi dg zaog hi istuhca> 8) Grbcddgs ixpgoscvgs, piqui÷g zaog dabgdczghg gd suraisti> 9) Isbarcg lgsçdtcbg, diotis dabgdczghas birbg hi dg YHDGZ> 5)Ruida ar`çocba, si chiotcecbg uo çrig hi simlrghías qui scmpdcecbghg is baoschirghg bama uo mgtircgd bao gdta baotiocha ar`çocba. Bama risudtgha ecogd si prisiotg dg coti`rgbcòo hi dg zaocecbgbcòo prapuistg gd mgpg hi zaocecbgbcòo `iatãbocbg hi Gzamazg pgrg id çrig urlgog hid vgddi hi Zuildg."

Istrgti`cgs cmpdimiotghgs io tu dabgdchgh Zgrg chiotcecbgr id `rgha hi ixpgoscvchgh si impdigo iosgyas. Iotri das mçs bamuois hcstco`ucmas das dímctis hi Gttirlir`, `rgoudamitríg par sihcmiotgbcòo, id iosgya Dgmli y id ihòmitra. Yog viz bgrgbtirczgha id `rgha hi ixpgoscvchgh, fgy qui gbtugr io baosibuiobcg, oa sòda bao id hcsi÷a hi dg bcmiotgbcòo scoa bao id hi dg prapcg istrubturg y su iotaroa. Fgy qui tioir io buiotg qui puihio altioirsi priscaois hi fcobfgmciota supircaris g :,