Laporan Sistem Hidrogen Pada Generator Pltu

SISTEM HIDROGEN PADA GENERATOR PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP UNIT 3 PT SUMBER SEGARA PRIMADAYA

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTIK

Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana

MUHAMMAD DZIKRI DWI SAPUTRA 5140711052

PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TEKNIK ELEKTRO FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN ELEKTRO UNIVERSITAS TEKNOLOGI YOGYAKARTA YOGYAKARTA 2017

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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTIK

SISTEM HIDROGEN PADA GENERATOR PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP UNIT 3 PT SUMBER SEGARA PRIMADAYA Disusun oleh: MUHAMMAD DZIKRI DWI SAPUTRA 5140711052 Telah dipertahankan di depan Dewan Penguji  pada 7 Desember 2017

DEWAN PENGUJI

Nama

Jabatan

Satyo Nuryadi, S.T., Pembimbing M.Eng.

Tanda Tangan

Tanggal

.............................

........................

Laporan Kerja Praktik ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana pada Program Studi S-1 Teknik Elektro Yogyakarta, …………………..

Ketua Program Studi S-1 Teknik Elektro

Satyo Nuryadi, S.T., M.Eng.  NIK. 100205023

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PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENULISAN

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya:

 Nama

: Muhammad Dzikri Dwi Saputra

 NIM

: 5140711052

Program Studi

: S-1 Teknik Elektro

Fakultas

: Teknologi Informasi dan Elektro

menyatakan bahwa laporan kerja praktik dengan judul: “SISTEM PENDINGIN

HIDROGEN PADA GENERATOR PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP UNIT 3 PT SUMBER SEGARA PRIMADAYA” ini adalah hasil karya saya

sendiri, tidak mengandung plagiat dan semua sumber baik yang dikutip maupun dirujuk telah saya nyatakan dengan mengikuti tata cara dan etika penulisan karya ilmiah yang benar. Segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan pelanggaran seperti yang dinyatakan di atas, sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.

Yogyakarta, 11 Januari 2018 Penulis,

Muhammad Dzikri Dwi Saputra 5140711052

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat serta hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan laporan kerja  praktik di PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap 2x300 dan 1x660 MW periode 3 Juli-31 Juli -31 Agustus 2017, tak lupa Sholawat serta salam senantiasa tercurah kepada junjungan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ketua Prodi Teknik Elektro, Dosen Pembimbing, dan jajaran Dosen Teknik Elektro UTY juga pihak PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap 2x300 dan 1x660 MW yang telah mengizinkan dan membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan kerja praktik ini. Selama penyusunan laporan ini, penulis mendapatkan banyak bimbingan serta bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan banyak terimakasih, terutama kepada: 1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan ilmu, kesempatan, berkah, kesehatan, kelancaran, dan kemudahan sehingga penulis dapat menjalankan kerja praktik sekaligus menyelesaikan laporan. 2. Orang tua dan keluarga yang telah memberikan doa, semangat, serta dukungan. 3. Bapak Satyo Nuryadi, S.T., M.Eng. selaku Ketua Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta sekaligus dosen pembimbing yang telah memberikan arahan dalam pengambilan kerja praktik. 4. Bapak Huda, selaku Human Resource Resource, yang telah menyambut mahasiswa kerja  praktik di PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap 2x300 dan 1x660 1x 660 MW periode Juli 2017. 2017 . 5. Bapak Indra, selaku pembimbing lapangan lapan gan kerja praktik di unit 3 PLTU Cilacap yang telah memberikan ilmunya kepada penulis. 6. Bapak Bayu selaku Health Safety Environment (HSE)  yang telah memberikan  pengarahan tentang Kesehatan Kese hatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3). 7. Mba Prita selaku administrasi perpustakaan yang telah memberikan referensireferansi terkait perusahaan dan sistem pembangkit. 8. Seluruh karyawan PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap yang telah menyambut baik selama

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9. Triyas Hevianto Saputro selaku teman seperjuangan kerja praktik selama di PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap 2x300 dan 1x660 MW. 10. Seluruh teman-teman dari ITS, UNY, UMS yang memberikan masukan dalam  penyusunan laporan kepada k epada penulis. Penyusunan laporan kerja praktik ini memberikan gambaran umum tentang  bagaimana prinsip prin sip kerja PLTU serta penjelasan penjelas an sistem hidrogen pada pad a generator di PT Sumber Segara Primadaya. Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan laporan ini terdapat banyak kekurangan dan kesalahan. Sehingga penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun. Akhir kata, penulis berharap Allah SWT berkenan membalas segala kebaikan semua pihak yang telah membantu. Semoga laporan kerja praktik ini bermanfaat.

Yogyakarta, 11 Januari 2018

Muhammad Dzikri Dwi Saputra

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ABSTRAK

Pembangkit listrik, dalam hal ini i ni Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) PT Sumber Segara Primadaya, generator merupakan salah satu komponen yang sangat penting di mana generator memiliki fungsi mengkonversi energi mekanik yang dihasilkan oleh turbin menjadi energi listrik. Akibat arus yang mengalir melewati konduktor di dalam generator  panas terjadi, agar generator tetap dapat bekerja dengan baik dibutuhkan suatu sistem  pendinginan untuk menghilangkan panas tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara kerja sistem hidrogen sebagai pendingin generator 1x660 MW di PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data, bimbingan, serta  penyusunan laporan. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan, pertama mengumpulkan mengumpulkan data-data terkait sistem hidrogen pada generator beserta sistem pendukung dan komponennya seperti generating hydrogen system , hydrogen storage , maintenance hidrogen sebagai pendingin, operasi hidrogen sebagai pendingin, seal oil system, shaft seal, supply hydrogen system , hydrogen cooler   dengan mempelajari dokumen-dokumen yang ada di PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap berupa buku serta laporan kerja praktik yang ada dari universitas-universitas yang  pernah melakukan kerja praktik. Pengumpulan data juga menggunakan jaringan internet guna mencari referensi-referensi yang berkaitan dengan judul penelitian. Kedua, melakukan bimbingan kepada pembimbing lapangan melalui tanya jawab tentang masalah yang diteliti. Ketiga, setelah melakukan pengumpulan data dan bimbingan, dilanjutkan menyusun laporan tentang sistem hidrogen pada generator pembangkit listrik tenaga uap unit 3 PT Sumber Segara Primadaya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sistem hidrogen bekerja untuk mendinginkan generator dengan mengarahkan H2  ke bagian-bagian generator yang perlu didinginkan melalui blower . Untuk kumparan stator, gas hidrogen masuk dari arah exciter  dan   dan keluar dari sisi turbin. Untuk kumparan rotor, gas masuk dari kedua ujung kumparan dan keluar dari tengah kumparan. Kemudian gas diarahkan oleh blower  ke  ke gas cooler  yang  yang berfungsi mendinginkan gas yang membawa panas generator. Gas didinginkan menggunakan demineralized water  yang   yang dialirkan pada pipa-pipa di dalam gas cooler . Selanjutnya, H2 diatur agar bersirkulasi melalui gas dryer   yang berfungsi menjaga kelembaban gas. Terakhir, proses operasi dilakukan ketika semua parameter sudah sesuai dengan yang ditetapkan sehingga meminimalisir adanya gangguan.

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Sampul .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ........................................ .................. i Halaman Pengesahan ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ................................. ........... ii Halaman Pengesahan Instansi ..................................... ........................................................... ............................................. .......................... ... iii Pernyataan Keaslian Penulisan ........................................... .................................................................. ........................................ ................. iv Kata Pengantar  .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ......................v Abstrak  ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ................................. ..........vii Daftar Isi ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ...... viii Daftar Tabel .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. .......................... ... x ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ...................... xi Daftar Gambar ........................................... Daftar Lampiran ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................. ........................................ ..................xii BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN ............................................ ................................................................... ............................................ ..................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ..................................... ............... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ................................. ...........1 1.3 Batasan Masalah ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ................................. ........... 1 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ................................. ........... 2 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ............................. ....... 2 1.6 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian .......................................... ................................................................. ..................................... .............. 2 1.7 Sistematika Penulisan Laporan ............................................ ................................................................... ................................. .......... 2 BAB 2. TINJAUAN UMUM ............................................ ................................................................... ........................................ ................. 4 2.1 Tinjauan Instansi ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ................................. ...........4 2.1.1 Sejarah Singkat PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap ............................................. ....................................................... .......... 4 2.1.2 Lokasi dan Letak Perusahaan .......................................... ................................................................. ............................. ......5 2.1.3 Human Capital Management .......................................... ................................................................. ............................. ...... 9 2.1.4 Visi, Misi, Filosofi, dan Logo PT S2P .......................................... ......................................................... ............... 12 2.1.5 Tata Tertib Perusahaan dan Penjadwalan .......................................... .................................................... .......... 13 2.1.6 Kebijakan Perusahaan PT S2P ........................................... .................................................................. .......................... ... 15 .................................................................. ............................................ ................................. ...........16 2.2 Tinjauan Pustaka ............................................ 2.3 Landasan Teori ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ..................................... ...............16 2.3.1 Prinsip Kerja PLTU Cilacap ........................................... .................................................................. ............................. ...... 16

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BAB 4. PEMBAHASAN ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ .......................... .... 42 4.1 Penggunaan Hidrogen sebagai Pendingin Generator ............................................ ............................................ 42 4.2 Unsur Kimia Hidrogen .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ .......................... ....45 4.2 Karakteristik Gas Hidrogen .......................................... ................................................................. ........................................ ................. 45 4.4 Produksi Hidrogen ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ............................. ....... 46 4.5 Proses Pendinginan Generator Menggunakan Men ggunakan Hidrogen ................................... ...................................... ... 50 4.6 Kinerja Hidrogen Sebagai Pendingin Generator ............................................. ................................................... ...... 51 4.7 Operasi Awal ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................. ......................................... .................. 52 .................................................................. ...................... 54 4.8 Pengisian dan Pengosongan Hidrogen ............................................ 4.9 Preventive Maintenance  Sistem Hidrogen Sebagai Pendingin Generator  ............ 60 4.10 Corrective Maintenance  Sistem Hidrogen Sebagai Pendingin Generator .......... 60 BAB 5. KESIMPULAN ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ .......................... .... 61 ............................................................... ............................................. ......................................... .................. 61 5.1 Kesimpulan ......................................... 5.2 Saran ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. .......................... ... 62

Daftar Pustaka ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ......................63

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Basic data ............................. ................................................... ............................................ ............................................ .......................... .... 38 Tabel 3.2 Excitation data ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ .......................... .... 38 Tabel 3.3 Ventilation parameters .......................................... ................................................................. ..................................... .............. 39 .......................................................... ........... 39 Tabel 3.4 Operation performance of H 2 cooler ............................................... Tabel 3.5 Stator winding cooling water data............................................ .............................................................. .................. 39 Tabel 3.6 Other data ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ................................. ........... 39 Tabel 4.1 Karakteristik Pendingin Generator ........................................... ............................................................. .................. 42 .................................................................. ............................. ...... 45 Tabel 4.2 Karakteristik Gas Hidrogen ........................................... Tabel 4.3 Peralatan Produksi Hidrogen ............................................ ................................................................... .......................... ... 47 Tabel 4.4 Peralatan Pemurnian Hidrogen ......................................... ............................................................... .......................... .... 47 Tabel 4.5 Troubleshoot  Hydrogen  Hydrogen Generating Generating System............................................ ............................................... ... 48

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Lokasi PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap .......................................... ................................................................ ...................... 6 Gambar 2.2 Struktur Organisasi PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap ............................................ ............................................ 10 Gambar 2.3 Logo PT S2P ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ .......................... .... 13 .................................................................. ...................... 17 Gambar 2.4 Proses konversi energi PLTU............................................ Gambar 2.5 Skema PLTU ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ .......................... ....18 Gambar 2.6 Pulverizer ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ............................. ....... 19 Gambar 2.7 Boiler ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ..................................... ............... 20 Gambar 2.8 Diagram ESP ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ .......................... ....21 ............................................................... ..................................... ............... 22 Gambar 2.9 Turbin dan Generator ......................................... Gambar 2.10 Condenser .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... 23 Gambar 2.11 Skema heat exchanger  dengan  dengan cairan fluida ......................................... ......................................... 25 Gambar 2.12 Hydrogen cooler.................. cooler........................................ ............................................ ............................................ ...................... 26 Gambar 2.13 Shaft seal ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... 26 Gambar 2.14 Susunan sistem shaft seal untuk generator berpendingin hidrogen, dengan detail pengaturan poros-penyegelan yang ditunjukkan untuk satu bantalan generator ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ...... 27 Gambar 2.15 Proses purging CO2 dan pengisian H2 ............................................ .................................................. ...... 28 Gambar 2.16 Diagram interkoneksi purity meter ............................................. ....................................................... .......... 29 Gambar 2.17 Bagian pressure regulating regulating valve ............................ .................................................. ............................. ....... 29 .......................................................... ............................................. ............................. ...... 30 Gambar 2.18 Seal oil system .................................... Gambar 2.19 Dual tower hydrogen hydrogen dryer dryer ......................................... ............................................................... .......................... .... 31 Gambar 2.20 Skema sistem pengering hidrogen .......................................... ........................................................ .............. 32 Gambar 3.1 Template generating hydrogen .................................................... ............................................................... ........... 35 Gambar 3.2 Template hydrogen storage ......................... ............................................... ............................................ ...................... 36 Gambar 3.3 Skema generator 1x660 MW ............................................ .................................................................. ...................... 37 Gambar 3.4 Generator 1x660 MW ............................................ ................................................................... ................................. .......... 38 Gambar 4.1 Skema pembuatan hidrogen menggunakan elektrolisis alkali ................ 46 Gambar 4.2 Skema pendingin generator ........................................... .................................................................. .......................... ... 50 Gambar 4.3 Hydrogen, oil, and water system........................................... ............................................................. .................. 52

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Single Line Diagram Sistem Kelistrikan Unit 3 PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ................................. .......... 65 Lampiran 2. Hydrogen Generating Generating System Diagram ........................................... ................................................. ...... 66 ................................................. ................................. ........... 67 Lampiran 3. Generator Operation Parameter ........................... Lampiran 4. H 2 Station System............................................... ...................................................................... ..................................... .............. 70

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BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN

1.1 LATAR BELAKANG

Dalam kehidupan manusia sehari-hari tidak bisa lepas dari kebutuhan akan listrik. Energi listrik tersebut dihasilkan oleh pusat-pusat pembangkit listrik. Pada  proses pembangkitan tenaga listrik tersebut dibutuhkan suatu alat untuk mengkonversi energi mekanik menjadi energi listrik, yang dikenal dengan sebutan generator. Untuk menghasilkan energi listrik yang handal, generator tersebut harus  bekerja sesuai dengan den gan kapasitas dan kemampuannya. kemampuan nya. Generator dapat menghasilkan tenaga listrik ketika medan magnet yang ada  pada generator dieksitasi. Akibat arus yang yang mengalir pada konduktor, panas terjadi. Generator memiliki banyak konduktor dan arus yang mengalir melewati kondukt or, keadaan tersebut menciptakan banyak panas. Jik a panas itu tidak “dihilangkan” maka dapat menyebabkan kumparan di generator menjadi rusak (isolasi melepuh sehingga dapat terjadi short ). ). Maka dari itu, dibutuhkan suatu sistem pendingin untuk “menghilangkan”  panas pada generator tersebut agar sistem pada generator dapat terus bekerja dengan

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1.4 TUJUAN PENELITIAN

Berdasarkan rumusan di atas, maka tujuan yang hendak dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: a. Mempelajari sistem hidrogen sebagai pendingin.  b. Mempelajari cara kerja sistem hidrogen pada generator 1x660 MW. c. Mengetahui operasi serta preventive and corrective maintenance   pada sistem hidrogen generator 1x660 MW.

1.5 MANFAAT PENELITIAN

Adapun manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: a. Mengetahui sistem kerja PLTU pada PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap.  b. Mengetahui sistem kerja, operasi, serta preventive and corrective maintenance sistem hidrogen pada generator 1x660 MW.

1.6 WAKTU DAN TEMPAT PENELITIAN

Penelitian bertempat di PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap 2x300 dan 1x660 MW serta dilaksanakan pada tanggal 3-31 Juli 2017.

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BAB IV PEMBAHASAN

Berisi tentang hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian selama melaksanakan kerja  praktik di PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap 1x660 MW. BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

Berisi tentang kesimpulan dan saran.

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BAB 2 TINJAUAN UMUM

2.1 TINJAUAN INSTANSI 2.1.1 SEJARAH SINGKAT PT S2P-PLTU CILACAP

Keberadaan PT Sumber Segara Primadaya dilatarbelakangi oleh upaya  pemerintah di tahun 2000 untuk melepaskan diri dari terpaan krisis ekonomi dengan memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi. Akibatnya, terjadilah kebutuhan listrik yang melonjak tajam. Hingga 2016 ini, Indonesia diperkirakan membutuhkan tambahan  belasan ribu megawatt. Pembangunan PLTU Cilacap 2x300 MW dilaksanakan dengan berbekal  pengalaman pembangunan PLTU Tonasa (Sulawesi Selatan) 2 x 25 MW dan PLTGU Palembang Timur yang berkapasitas 150 megawatt. PLTU Tonasa (Sulawesi Selatan) pada tahun 1993, dimana salah satu komisaris S2P (Sumber Segara Primadaya) bertindak sebagai chief representatif dari CECC (Chengda Engineering Corporation of China) di Indonesia. Sedangkan, PLTGU Palembang Timur yang dibangun pula oleh CECC (Chengda Engineering Corporation of China) telah diselesaikan tahun 2004. Pembangkit ini dimiliki oleh PT Asrigrita

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Sinergi tiga kekuatan besar antara PT PLN (Persero), PT PJB serta PT Sumberenergi Sakti Prima tercetuslah PT Sumber Segara Primadaya (S2P). Dengan sebuah cita untuk menjadi Independent Power Producer terbaik di Indonesia demi kemajuan tanah air. Oleh PT Sumber Segara Primadaya, pengalaman China tersebut disinergikan dengan pengalaman anak bangsa di bidang financial, kontruksi, mekanikal serta manajemen sumber daya manusia. Hasilnya pelaksanaan pembangunan PLTU Cilacap 2x300 MW dapat terlaksana. Keterampilan anak bangsa serta teknologi maju dari Chengda membuahkan profesionalisme secara terus menerus dengan intensitas sangat tinggi. Tak heran bila PLTU P LTU Cilacap dengan kapasitas 2x300 MW untuk Unit 1 dapat diselesaikan dalam waktu 24 bulan saja. Selain kecepatan dal am  proses pembangunan, solusi pembiayaan PLTU Cilacap 2x300 MW juga patut

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memperhitungkan kondisi alaminya. PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap 2x300 MW dirancang sebagai PLTU yang ramah lingkungan, letaknya yang strategis di tepi Samudra Indonesia membuat PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap 2x300 MW dapat disandari oleh kapal  pengangkut batu bara. PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap 2x300 MW juga memiliki sebuah dermaga yang telah selesai dibangun pada bulan Desember 2006. Dermaga tersebut dirancang hanya untuk melayani bongkar muat batu bara dari tongkang  berkapasitas maksimum 12.000 1 2.000 DWT.

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adanya pasokan listrik dari PLTU Cilacap 2x300 MW. Hal tersebut tentu saja membuat perekonomian masyarakat menjadi meningkat.

2.1.2.2 Tata Letak Fasilitas Berikut adalah bangunan penting yang berguna sebagai pusat operasional oper asional untuk masing-masing lokasi di PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap: a. Complex Office Building (COB) COB merupakan pusat manajemen operasional pembangkit. Semua urusan dengan kantor pusat PT S2P maupun dengan pemerintah daerah, dengan supplier untuk pengadaan barang guna mendukung operasi dan perawatan PLTU Cilacap.  b. Center Control Room (CCR Pusat)

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PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap mempunyai 3 unit yang sesuai dengan kapasitasnya masing-masing, yaitu unit 1 & 2 dengan kapasitas 2x300 MW, unit 3 dengan kapasitas 1x660 MW, unit expansion  dengan kapasitas 1 x 1000 MW,  penjelasannya sebagai seb agai berikut : a. Unit 1 dan 2 Pelaksanaan pambangunan PLTU Cilacap, bermodal ketrampilan k etrampilan serta teknologi maju dari CECC membuahkan profesionalisme secara terus-menerus dengan intensitas yang tinggi. PLTU Cilacap Unit 1 & 2 dengan kapasitas 2x300 MW dapat diselesaikan dalam waktu 26 bulan. Selain kecepatan dalam  proses pembangunan, solusi sol usi pembiayaan juga perlu perl u dicatat. Tidak hanya memboyong EPC kontraktor, PT Sumber Segara Primadaya  juga menghadirkan solusi pendanaan pendana an Bank of China sebesar US$ 408 juta dari

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 pada tahun 2019. Untuk proyek ini akan memasang mesin/peralatan utama  buatan China dengan teknologi lebih efisien dan ramah lingkungan dengan  penggunaan ultra supercritical boiler . Sedangkan balance of plant  dari  dari proyek ini akan memasang juga peralatan dengan mesin/peralatan buatan dalam negeri, Jepang, Eropa dan Amerika.

2.1.3 HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

2.1.3.1 Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan Organisasi perusahaan adalah sekelompok orang atau badan yang melakukan kegiatan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Organisasi dengan kata lain berarti aktivitas atau kegiatan yang ada dalam organisasi, serta segala macam aspek yang berhubungan

dalam usaha pencapaian tujuan. Pengorganisasian merupakan sarana dari sistem

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2.1.3.2 Mitra Kerja PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap Kontraktor atau mitra kerja yang bekerja di PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap adalah D&C  Engineering Company, dimana D&C merupakan kontraktor utama untuk operasi dan pemeliharaan yang meneruskan tugas dari kontraktor sebelumnya. sebelumn ya. D&C  Engineering Company Company membawahi dua bagian:

a. HYPE

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 b.  Nalco Indonesia  Nalco merupakan kontraktor dari PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap yang melaksanakan  penuh untuk operasi dan perawatan yang ada di Water Treatment Plant (WTP).  Nalco terdiri dari dua bagian, bagia n, yaitu: 1. Bagian Operasi Bagian ini bertugas memproduksi semua kebutuhan air di PLTU Cilacap

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human capital. Kunci dari penerapan human capital  adalah manajemen interaksi

dengan kekuatan empati yang menilai serta menyerap menye rap respon secara verbal dan nonverbal.

2.1.4.4 Logo PT S2P yang bergerak di bidang pembangkit energi listrik memiliki logo

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2.1.5.2 Pembagian Karyawan PT S2P a. Karyawan kantor Karyawan ini bekerja dibagian kantor. Karyawan ini mengurus masalah kerjasama baik dari pusat, masalah pembangkit itu sendiri serta hubungan dengan  para penyuplai suku cadang dan jasa serta dengan d engan Pemda Kabupaten Cilacap. Cilacap . 1. Operator

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4.5 PROSES

PENDINGINAN

GENERATOR

MENGGUNAKAN

HIDROGEN

Proses pendinginan generator menggunakan hidrogen bermula dari air yang di elektrolisis, kemudian menghasilkan hidrogen murni di dalam hydrogen generating system. Lalu hidrogen yang telah di produksi, ditampung dalam hydrogen storage

 (yaitu sebuah vessel (wadah) berbentuk tabung). Selanjutnya system/ hydrogen tank  (yaitu dari hydrogen tank , hidrogen digunakan untuk mendinginkan generator melalui valve.

Gambar 4.2 Skema pendinginan generator (Sumber: Muramatsu, Hattori, Takahashi, Nakahara, & Iwashige, 2005)

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masuk dari arah exciter   dan keluar dari sisi turbin. Untuk kumparan rotor, gas masuk dari kedua ujung kumparan dan keluar dari tengah kumparan. Kemudian gas diarahkan oleh blower  ke gas cooler   yang berfungsi mendinginkan gas yang membawa panas generator. Gas didinginkan menggunakan air tawar yang dialirkan pada pipa-pipa di dalam gas cooler . Selanjutnya, H2  diatur agar bersirkulasi melalui gas dryer   yang berfungsi menjaga kelembaban gas. Dryer terhubung pada blower   dan mengandung 12kg activated alumina sebagai penyerap kelembaban (Aribowo & Rahmawaty, 2013).

Siklus pendingin hidrogen di dalam housing generator tersebut merupakan siklus tertutup, sehingga hidrogen akan tetap berada di dalam generator.

4.6 KINERJA HIDROGEN SEBAGAI PENDINGIN GENERATOR

Satu set pendingin terletak di setiap sisi atas bingkai stator, masing-masing  pendingin menggunakan menggun akan dua circuits water  yang  yang independen. Kapasitas pendingin H2

5000 kW

Suhu air masuk

35ºC

(atau sesuai dengan teknis kesepakatan) Suhu keluaran H2 

46ºC

(atau sesuai dengan teknis kesepakatan) Penurunan tekanan H2

750 Pa

Total volume air pendingin yang diperlukan

900 m3/h

Penurunan tekanan air di dalam cooler

55 kPa

Kapasitas 2/3 generator yang terus  beroperasi pada dinilai dini lai tekanan H2, dengan 1/4 set 2 pendingin (satu sirkuit air) yang keluar dari layanan

518 MVA (440 MW)

Data stator winding cooling water  Volume air pendingin

116 m3/h

Penurunan tekanan pendingin air

0.20 ~0.23 Mpa

Suhu max. pendinginan air masuk

50ºC

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4.7 OPERASI AWAL

Sebelum unit pertama kali dimulai/online, pastikan hidrogen sudah siap untuk mendinginkan generator yang akan beroperasi dengan melakukan purging udara filling CO2, purging CO2  filling H2. Selanjutnya, pemeriksaan akhir sudah harus dilakukan dan setiap daftar pengecekan harus selesai dengan baik. Berikut poin poin yang harus di cek ulang, ul ang, saat unit pertama kali kal i online:

4.7.1 Hydrogen, oil and water system system Pastikan bahwa bearing, seal oil, dan stator coil water system beroperasi secara normal dan generator telah diisi dengan hidrogen pada tekanan yang tepat. Untuk menghindari penyumbatan gas di  parallel ring , pipa pembuangan di luar lead box harus disesuaikan dengan spesifikasi sebagai berikut (untuk  jelasnya lihat gambar):

a. Pipa-pipa pembuangan harus berdiameter 48*3.5,  b. Radius pipa yang memiliki lekukan harus lebih besar be sar dari atau sama dengan 1.5 kali dari diameter nominal, c. Pipa pembuangan menghubungkan antarmuka X dan Z, dan panjangnya harus kurang dari 5 meter.

Gambar 4.3 Hydrogen, oil and water system

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Temperature, hydrogen purity, oil and water quality 4.7.2 Temperature, Generator temperature, hydrogen purity , hydrogen and water moisture content , oil impurity, stator coil cooling water inlet temperature and electric conductivity

harus di periksa, semua parameter tersebut harus sesuai dengan nilai dengan yang tertera pada tabel generator operation parameter   (Lihat lampiran 3). Ketika  pendingin air di suplai ke stator winding cooling water system , penting untuk  periksa apakah udara dalam sistem air sudah habis secara keseluruhan sebab hal tersebut adalah kunci untuk menghindari penyumbatan gas di lekukan parallel ring stator .

a. Suhu pendingin hidrogen diukur menggunakan detektor suhu dan nilainya harus seimbang, tidak boleh melebihi nilai dari yang tertera pada template.  b. Kontrol kelembaban dan kemurnian hidrogen, serta ekstraktor uap dimasukkan ke dalam operasi. Kemurnian hidrogen tidak boleh lebih rendah dari 96% pada umumnya, pertahankan nilai pada kisaran 98% saat tes performa atau saat tes kerja dilakukan, saat kemurnian bernilai 90% alarm akan menyala. Pengering hidrogen pada sisi suplai hidrogen harus membuat kelembaban hidrogen tidak  boleh lebih besar dari titik embun sebesar s ebesar 35ºC. Pengering Pen gering hidrogen pada sisi generator harus membuat titik embun dalam generator mulai dari suhu -25 sampai 0ºC. Sebelum online, ekstraktor uap pada sisi udara harus dimasukkan dalam operasi untuk mencegah hidrogen masuk ke penampung minyak utama dan untuk memastikan keamanan. c. Suhu kumparan stator harus di pantau sebelum pembebanan. Perbedaan suhu mengindikasikan kerusakan pengukuran suhu dan harus segera diperbaiki. d. Suhu seal oil  (baik sisi udara maupun sisi hidrogen seal oil) ketika meninggalkan pendingin harus di pertahankan pada suhu 43 dan 49ºC,  perbedaan suhu antara sisi udara dan sisi hidrogen harusnya tidak boleh lebih dari 2.2K. e. Kelembaban seal and bearing oil  harus tidak boleh lebih besar dari 0.05%.

4.7.3 Hydrogen cooler

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air ke pendingin hidrogen sebesar 900 m3/jam. Setiap bagian pendingin harus disesuaikan agar memiliki aliran air yang sama, untuk mencegah kesalahan dari kecepatan aliran air pada tabung.

4.7.4 Seal oil cooler, stator winding water cooler, water and oil heaters Pastikan bahwa pendingin seal oil  dan pendingin air stator winding  disuplai dengan pendingin air yang memadai menggunakan suhu yang tepat. Kontrol suhu harus cukup sensitive untuk merespon suhu pada sisi hidrogen dan sisi udara apabila terdapat perbedaan suhu diantara keduanya.

4.7.5 Requirements  Requirements for hydrogen, hydrogen, water and oil systems systems under various conditions during starting and operation

Memastikan semua parameter sudah sesuai dengan yang ditetapkan. Lihat tabel  (Lihat lampiran 3). generator operation parameter  (Lihat

4.8

PENGISIAN DAN PENGOSONGAN HIDROGEN

Seperti diketahui bahwa gas hidrogen sangat berbahaya sekali bila bercampur dengan oksigen, yaitu dapat menimbulkan ledakan (explosive). Oleh sebab itu perlu hati-hati dalam penanganannya terutama bila kita akan melakukan pengosongan ( flashing  flashing) gas hidrogen dari ruang generator dan sebaliknya juga harus kita pahami cara pengisian kembali. Dengan demikian, maka untuk pengisian dan pengosongan (pengeluaran) hidrogen pada generator menggunakan gas perantara, yaitu gas CO2 karena gas tersebut bila tercampur hidrogen tidak bersifat eksplosif. Dalam pengisian dan pengosongan, perlu adanya alat deteksi untuk mengetahui presentase keberadaan gas diruang alternator. Alat detektor (gas alternator) ini biasanya dipasang hanya bersifat sementara. Dengan mengetahui  presentase keberadaan gas tersebut, maka proses selanjutnya dapat dilakukan. Adapun proses pelaksanaan pengisian dan pengosongan adalah dengan prosedur sebagai berikut:

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a. Prosedur Pengisian Pada kondisi ini berarti alternator berisi udara biasa (atmosfir). Cara  pengisian gas hidrogen ke dalam alternator dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu cara langsung dan tak langsung. 1. Cara Langsung Yaitu dengan cara menghisap udara di dalam alternator atau membuat vacum ruangan tersebut kemudian gas hidrogen diisikan langsung. 2. Cara Tidak Langsung Cara tidak langsung pengisian menggunakan media perantara gas CO2. Mula-mula gas CO2  dimasukkan dengan melalui manifold   bagian bawah ruangan alternator agar udara bisa didorong keluar dengan melalui manifold   bagian atas. Kemudian setelah gas CO2  mencapai lebih dari 75% maka  pengisiannya dapat dihentikan. di hentikan. Selanjutnya langkah pengisian gas H2, dengan proses pengisian melalui manifold   bagian atas, karena berat jenis gas CO2  lebih besar dari gas H2.

Dengan memasukkan gas H2  tersebut maka gas CO2  terdorong keluar melalui manifold   bagian bawah dan langsung keluar ke atmosfir. Setelah mencapai lebih dari 96% gas H2 didalam ruangan alternator, maka venting gas CO2  mulai ditutup dan dilanjutkan pengisian gas H2  sampai batas

tekanan yang ditetapkan.  b. Prosedur Pengosongan Prosedur pengosongan gas H2  didalam alternator adalah kebalikan dari  proses pengisian, pen gisian, yaitu mula-mula gas H2 di venting keluar dan bersama-sama dengan memasukkan gas CO2  melalui manifold   bagian bawah. Kemudian

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Gambar 4.4 Diagram sistem hidrogen sebagai pendingin generator (Sumber: https://dokumen.tips/documents/1-h2-plant.html) Fungsi: a) Gas CO2 digunakan sebagai media pengusir udara dalam pengisian hidrogen, sehingga dapat diisi dengan aman.  b) Tekanan gas dalam mesin dipertahankan pada nilai tertentu dan akan menimbulkan alarm jika tak sesuai.

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a) Gas supply system Sistem pemasok gas hidrogen dilengkapi dengan pipa, pressure gauge, regulator dan alat lain yang dibutuhkan untuk pengisian gas hidrogen ke dalam generator. CO2  sebagai media pengusir udara dalam penggantian gas. Gas hidrogen atau gas CO2  didistribusikan secara merata ke berbagai bagian dari generator melalui pipa distribusi pada bagian atas dan bawah housing generator.  b) Gas control panel Gas Control Panel  terdiri dari hydrogen control panel  dan seal oil control  panel. Untuk alasan keamanan, kedua panel tersebut dipisahkan. Dimana hydrogen control panel   ditempatkan di gas room  sedangkan seal oil control  panel  ditempatkan di electric room. Keduanya dilengkapi dengan lubang

ventilasi. Untuk memfasilitasi operasi dan pemeliharaan yang berhubungan dengan gas, hydrogen control panel  dilengkapi dengan: 1)  Hydrogen purity purity meter, 2) Purity meter blower, 3)  Hydrogen and and blower pressure pressure gauge. gauge. c)  Hydrogen Purity Meter Purity  (kemurnian) gas hidrogen dipertahankan diatas 96%. Pengurangan  purity  dipertahankan sekecil mungkin. Purity  bisa rendah karena adanya

kebocoran hidrogen. Untuk mencegah kebocoran tersebut, diperlukan gas seal yang didesain baik. Purity gas dibaca melalui hydrogen purity meter  dan  dan purity   adalah differential pressure gauge  yang mengukur meter blower . Purity meter  adalah tekanan dan dikembangkan dengan purity meter blower . Sebuah motor induksi

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rotor generator, dan tekanan gas dalam mesin. Blower pressure gauge, bagian dari instrumen ini dihubungkan secara langsung ke frame generator, dan membaca perbedaan tekanan antara inlet dan outlet blower  pada  pada rotor. Tekanan blower  dapat  dapat digunakan untuk memeriksa purity meter  juga  juga untuk menunjukan hydrogen purity , jika  purity meter   diambil keluar sewaktu operasi generator, gas pressure gauge   menunjukan tekanan gas dalam mesin. Sinyal outputnya

ditransmisikan ke remote gas pressure gauge  pada panel generator di control room dan juga ke gas pressure gauge  di hydrogen bottle room .

e) Gas dryer  Moisture (air) dalam generator dibuang dengan mensirkulasikan gas dalam

mesin melalui gas dryer   yang diisi dengan penyerap air dari bahan activated   dan gas dipaksa alumina. Ia dihubungkan ke inlet dan outlet generator blower  dan melalu dryer   sewaktu operasi generator. Ketika 1 kg moisture  telah diserap, dryer   dikeluarkan dari generator dan dipanasi oleh heater . Sebelum dan

sewaktu reklamasi (pemulihan kondisi), sebuah blower   kecil mengirimkan udara melalui dryer  untuk  untuk membuang air. f) Water detector Water Detector   akan memberikan alarm ketika kondensasi air atau

kebocoran minyak terjadi dalam mesin. Detektor adalah saklar merkuri yang dioperasikan oleh pelampung dibawah main-lead box  disebelah bawah generator frame sisi turbin. Setiap  frame ring  mempunyai lubang dimana air yang berakumulasi diteteskan ke Water Detector  yang   yang dilengkapi dengan vent tube  yang mengembalikannya ke generator untuk mencegah air lock didalam

 pipa drain dari generator.  Isolating valve  pada pipa drain dan vent tube

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(a)

(b)

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4.9 PREVENTIVE

MAINTENANCE  SISTEM

HIDROGEN

SEBAGAI

PENDINGIN GENERATOR

Pada saat unit sedang beroperasi upaya preventive maintenance yang di lakukan adalah: a. Menjaga tekanan hidrogen di dalam generator (pada kondisi 660 MW rated  power, 0.85 power factor) sebesar sebesa r 0.45 Mpa.  b. Menjaga kemurnian hidrogen sebesar 96%. c. Menjaga kebocoran hidrogen dari housing generator menggunakan H 2 detector  secara periodik. d. Menjaga kebocoran cooler H 2. e. Menjaga temperatur air sebagai pendingin hidrogen sebesar 35ºC. f. Menjaga tekanan antara hidrogen dengan minyak (dimana tekanan minyak lebih besar dibandingkan tekanan hidrogen) sebesar 0.084 MPag. g. Menjaga tekanan hidrogen lebih tinggi dari tekanan air sebesar >0.035 MPag.

4.10

CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE  SISTEM HIDROGEN SEBAGAI

PENDINGIN GENERATOR

Pada saat unit sedang shutdown atau beban diturunkan ke minimum, upaya

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BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1 KESIMPULAN

Berdasarkan kerja praktik yang telah dilakukan dengan mengetahui sistem hidrogen pada generator PLTU Cilacap 1x660 MW dapat disimpulkan sebagai  berikut: a. Sistem hidrogen sebagai pendingin generator bekerja dengan mengarahkan H2 ke bagian-bagian generator yang perlu didinginkan melalui blower . Untuk kumparan stator, gas hidrogen masuk dari arah exciter   dan keluar dari sisi turbin. Untuk kumparan rotor, gas masuk dari kedua ujung kumparan dan keluar dari tengah kumparan. Kemudian proses operasi dilakukan ketika semua  parameter sudah sesuai dengan yang ditetapkan, sehingga meminimalisir adanya gangguan.  b. PLTU Cilacap menggunakan seal oil system  agar hidrogen tetap tinggal di housing  generator dengan memberikan tekanan yang telah diatur pada kedua

sisi (air side dan H2 side), dimana poros generator berada. Selain itu, hidrogen sebagai pendingin dipantau dan dikontrol melalui hidrogen control cabinet 

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5.2 SARAN

Saran yang dapat penulis berikan berik an selama kerja praktik di PT S2P-PLTU Cilacap adalah sebagai berikut: a. Untuk mempelajari sistem hidrogen sebagai pendingin generator, perlu  pemahaman terkait sistem pendingin pend ingin lainnya seperti udara ud ara maupun air.  b. Sebagai tambahan wawasan dan pembanding, pengembangan penelitian mengenai sistem hidrogen pada generator dapat dilakukan di PLTU yang memiliki kapasitas generator lebih besar.

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abed, A. (2014). IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY Dynamic Model of Pressure Regulating Valve.  AbedInternational Journal of Engineering Sciences & 220. http:%5Cnwww.ijesrt.com  Research Technology, 3(7), 214 – 220. Agnesia, G. R. (2017). PROSES MAINTENANCE DAN TROUBLESHOOTING COOLING SYSTEM PADA KOMATSU BULLDOZER D85ESS-2 LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTIK DIVISI GARASI & MAINTENANCE ALAT BERAT PT. S2P  PLTU CILACAP 2x300 MW 6 Maret  –  28  28 April 2017 .  –  PLTU Aribowo, D., & Rahmawaty, A. (2013). Sistem Pendinginan Generator PT Indonesia Power UBP Suralaya Menggunakan Hidrogen, 2(1), 1 – 5. 5. Delphin, D. A. (2017). Seal Oil Management for 210 MW Generators. Energy, G. E. (2008). Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide Gas Control System Packaged Generators, (July). Shanghai Electric Power Generation Equipment Co,Ltd. (2014). Turbine Generator  Instruction Book PLTU Cilacap 1x660 1x660 MW . Instruments, H. (n.d.). K1650 hydrogen purity and purge gas analyser, 0 – 1. 1. Lipman, T. (2011). An Overview of Hydrogen Production and Storage Systems

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Systems, G. P. (2003). Shaft Sealing System. Ratio, (August), 1 – 10. 10. Widiasanti, A. A. (2012). OPERASI HMXT-200 GENERATOR SEBAGAI PENGHASIL HIDROGEN PADA H2 PLANT PLTGU PT INDONESIA POWER UBP SEMARANG. In Operasi HMXT-200 Generator Sebagai Penghasil Hidrogen Pada H2 Plant PLTGU PT Indonesia Power UBP Semarang . Winardi, B. (2007). Pemakaian Hydrogen Cooling System Pada Generator Tjnit 1 Pltu Tambak Lorok Pt Indonesia Power Ubp Semarang. Transmisi, 9(1), 46 –  51.

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Lampiran 3. Generator Operation Parameter

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Lampiran 4. H  2 Station System