Laporan Rangkaian RL

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM ELEKTRONIKA DASAR II

Judul Percobaan

: Rangkaian RL

 Nama Lengkap

: Skolastika Jumina

 Nomor Pokok Mahasiswa

: 160403070030 160403070030

Kelas/kelompok Praktikum

: 2016 A / IV

Tanggal Percobaan

: 8 Mei 2018

Tanggal Penyerahan

: 15 Mei 2018

Dosen Pembimbing

:

Asisten Praktikum

: Ulfa Syagita

Kurriawan Budi Pranata, S.Si., M.Si.

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN FISIKA FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KANJURUHAN MALANG 2018

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ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukana praktikum rangkaian RL-seri

yang bertujuan untuk

mengetahui pengertian impedansi, mengetahui hubungan impedansi dengan resistansi, dan reaktansi, mengetahui hubungan antara fasor tegangan dan fasor arus. Praktikum ini dlakukan sebanyak tiga kali dengan sumber tegangan AC yang  berbeda-beda yaitu 6 V, 9 V, dan 12 V. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil percobaan adalah besar tegangan tegangan berbanding lurus dengan kuat arus yang mengalir sementara itu sudut fasenya dari ketiga teganagan tersebut hampir sama. Sedangkan Besar tegangan total pada data hasil pengukuran dan tegangan total  pada hasil perhitungan memiliki perbedaan dimana pada data hasil pengukuran dan tegangan total lebih besar daripada hasil perhitungan.

 Kata kunci:Resistor, Induktorr, Rangkaian RC

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ABSTRACT

The RL-series series has been carried out in order to know the impedance, to know the relation of impedance with resistance, and reactance, to know the relationship between phasor voltage and current phasor. This practice is applied three times with different AC voltage source that is 6 V, 9 V, and 12 V. The data obtained from the experimental result is the voltage voltage is directly  proportional to the current strength flowing while the phase angle of the three teganagan almost the same. While the total tension on the measurement data and the total voltage on the calculation results have a difference where the data measurement results and total voltage is greater than the calculation results.

 Keywords: Resistor, Inductor, RC circuit

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DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ...................... ii ABSTRACT ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ....................................... ................. iii DAFTAR ISI ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ....................................... ................. iv DAFTAR GAMBAR ................ ...................................... ............................................ ............................................ ................................. ........... v BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ...................... 1

1.1.

Latar Belakang .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ......................... ... 1

1.2.

Rumusan Percobaan ........................................................... ................................................................................. ...................... 1

1.3.

Tujuan Percobaan .................................................... ........................................................................... ................................. .......... 1

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.......................................... ................................................................. ................................. .......... 2

2.1.

Dasar Teori ....................................................... ............................................................................. ........................................ .................. 2

BAB III METODOLOGI METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN ......................................... ........................................................... .................. 4

3.1.

Variabel Percobaan ........................ ............................................... .............................................. .................................... ............. 4

3.2.

Bahan Percobaan ............................................................. ................................................................................... ......................... ... 4

3.3.

Alat Percobaan .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ......................... ... 5

3.4.

Prosedur Percobaan ..................................................... ............................................................................ ............................. ...... 5

3.5.

Diagram Alir Percobaan ........................... .................................................. .............................................. ......................... .. 6

3.5.1.

Diagram Alir Prosedur .................................. ........................................................ .................................... .............. 6

3.5.2.

Diagram Alir Perhitungan ......................... ............................................... ........................................ .................. 7

BAB IV HASIL PERCOBAAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... .................................... 9

4.1.

Hasil Percobaan ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ......................... ... 9

4.2.

Pembahasan ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... 9

BAB V KESIMPULAN ....................................................... ............................................................................. ............................... ......... 11 http://elektronika-dasar. http://elektronika-dasar.web.id/analisa-rangka web.id/analisa-rangkaian-r-l-ser ian-r-l-seri/. i/. .......................... .......................... 12 DAFTAR NOTASI .................................. ........................................................ ............................................ ...................................... ................ 13 APENDIKS .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ .......................................... .................... 14 LAMPIRAN........................................................... .................................................................................. .............................................. ....................... 16

1.

Data Percobaan.................... Percobaan.......................................... ............................................ ............................................ ........................... ..... 16

2.

Jawaban Tes Pertanyaan ............................................................ ............................................................................ ................ 17

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3.2.1. Modul Praktikum Pra ktikum RC.................... RC ....................................... ......................................... ................................4 ..........4 Gambar 3.2.2. Induktor 0 dan 1600 lilitan............................. lilitan................................................... ..................................4 ............4 Gambar 3.2.3. Resistor 10  Ω............................................ ................................................................... ........................................4 .................4 Gambar 3.2.4. Kabel Penghubung................................ Penghubung....................................................... ...........................................4 ....................4 Gambar 3.3.1. Transformator...................... Transformator............................................... ............................................... ....................................5 ..............5 Gambar 3.3.2. Digital multimeter AC............................................ AC.................................................................. ..........................5 ....5 Gambar 3.3.3. Project board......................................... board................................................................. ...........................................5 ...................5 Gambar 3.4.1. Rangkaian RL....................................... RL................................................................. ..................................5 ........5

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Tabe 3.2.1. Bahan Percobaan....................... Percobaan................................................ ............................................... ...................................4 .............4 Tabel 3.3.1. Alat Percobaan...................... Percobaan............................................ ............................................. .........................................5 ..................5 Tabel 4.1.1. Hasil Percobaan........................................ Percobaan.............................................................. ............................................9 ......................9

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BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1.

Latar Belakang

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kita sering mendengar istilah rangakaian listrik. Rangkaian elektronik terdiri dari rangakain RC, Rangkaian RLC dan rangkaian RL. Pada rangkaian listrik terdiri dari  berbagai macam komponen penyusunnya yang terdiri dari kuat arus, tegangan, hambatan, Kapasitor dan resistor. Induktor dan resistor sering dijumpai bersama-sama dalam suatu rangkaian RL. Pada rangkaian RL dimanfaatkan

sumber arus AC. AC. Pada

rangkaian RL memanfaatkan Induktor yang merupakan rangkaian sederhana. Rangkaian RL ini digunakan untuk menyaring signal dengan cara menahan frekuensi signa tertentu dan meneruskan signal yang lainnya. Untuk mengetahui tentang rangkaian RC maka selanjutnya akan dilakukan praktikum. 1.2. Rumusan Percobaan

Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas maka rumusan percobaannya adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Apa itu impedansi? 2. Bagaimana hubungan antara tegangan dan arus pada rangkaian RL? 3. Bagaimana perbedaan fasa tegangan dan fasa arus pada rangkaian RL?

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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1.

Dasar Teori

Dalam arus bolak-balik gelombang sinus, impedansi didefinisikan sebagai  perbandingan antara fasor tegangan terhadap fasor faso r arus. Dari hubungan tegangan dan arus, terlihat bahwa pada: R : Fasa tegangan adalah sefasa dengan fase arus L : Fasa tegangan mendahului 90 ° terhadap fasa arus C : Fasa tegangan tertunda ( tertinggal, delay ) 90 °  terhadap fasa arus ( Tim Lab ELIN : 2018). Impedansi listrik tau lebih sering disebut impedansi, menjelaskan ukuran  penolakan terhadap arus bolak-balik Sinusoid. Impedansi listrik memperluas konsep resistansi listrik ke sirkuit AC, menjelaskan tidak hanya amplitudo relatif dari tegangan dan arus, tetapi juga fasa relatif. Secara dimensi impedansi sama dengan resistansi; dan satuan SInya adalah Ohm. Istilah impedasi pertama kali dikenal

oleh Oliver Heaviside pada Juli 1886, Arthur Kennelly Kennelly adalah yang yang

 pertama kali menunjukan impedansi dengan bilangan kompleks pada 1893. Kebalikan dari impedansi adalah admitansi. (Tipler, Paul A: 2001). Rangkaian R-L seri,  sifat rangkaian seri dari sebuah resistor dan sebuah induktor yang dihubungkan dengan sumber tegangan bolak-balik sinusioda adalah terjadinya pembagian tegangan secara vektoris. Arus (i) yang mengalir pada

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(v) adalah jumlah nilai sesaat dari tegangan resistor (v R ) dan tegangan induktif (vL), dimana tegangan ini juga mendahului sebesar φ terhadap arus (i). (http://elektronika-dasar.web.id/analisa-rangkaian-r-l-seri/).. (http://elektronika-dasar.web.id/analisa-rangkaian-r-l-seri/)

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BAB III METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN 3.1.

Variabel Percobaan

a. Variabel Bebas

: Resistor

 b. Variabel Terikat

: Tegangan Induktor dan Tegangan Resistor

c. Variabel Kontrol

: Tegangan AC

3.2.

Bahan Percobaan

Tabe 3.2.1. Bahan Percobaan  No Nama Bahan 1.

Jumlah 1

Gambar 3.2.1. Modul Praktikum RL 2.

1

Gambar 3.2. 2. Induktor 0 dan 1600 lilitan 3

1

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5

2

Gambar 3.2.5. Kabel Penjepit

3.3.

Alat Percobaan

Tabel 3.3.1. Alat Percobaan`  No

Nama Alat

1.

Jumlah 1

Gambar 3.2.1.1 Transformator 2.

1

Gambar 3.2.1.2 Digital multimeter AC 3.

1

Gambar 3.2.1.3 Project board

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3. Menjepit kedua kaki resistor menggunakan kabel penjepit untuk menentukan nilai Vr, lalu membaca hasil pada digital multimeter AC 4. Menjepit lilitan Induktor (0 dan 1600 lilitan) menggunakan kabel penjepit untuk menentukan nilai VL, lalu membaca hasil pada digital multimeter AC 5. Menjepit salah satu kaki resistor dan salah satu lilitan pada induktor menggunakan kabel penjepit untuk menentukan nilai VT, lalu membaca hasil pada digital multimeter AC. 6. Mengganti sumber tegangan AC dengan 9 V, dan d an 12 V. 7. Mencatatat hasil pengamatan pada tabel hasil pengamatan. 3.5.

Diagram Alir Percobaan

3.5.1. Diagram Alir Prosedur Mulai Menyusun rangkaian RL

Menghidupkan sumber tegangan 6 AC

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(a)

Mengganti sumber tegangan AC dengan 9 V, dan 12 V.

Mencatatat hasil pengamatan pada tabel hasil  pengamatan.

Selesai

3.5.2. Diagram Alir Perhitungan Mulai Diketahui:





 Vac (6 V):  = 4,2 V;  = 0,3 V;

 = 4,7 V  Vac (9 V):

 = 6,3 V; 

= 0,5 V;

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(a)  Vac (6 V): I = 0,03 A ;

  = 140;  = 86° ;

 = 4,21 V Vac (9 V): I = 0,05 A ;   = 126;   = 85,5° ; Z = 126,4 ;  = 6,32 V Vac (12 V): I = 0,07 A ;   = 117,1 ;  = 85° ; Z = 117,52 ;  = 8,22 V Z =140,36 ;





Menemukan hasil

Selesai

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BAB IV HASIL PERCOBAAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1.

Hasil Percobaan

Tabel 4.1.1. Hasil Percobaan  N o

Pengukuran Va

VL

VR

Perhitungan VT

I

4,7 V

0,03



XL

L

Z

VT

0,45

140,3

4,21

6

V

126,4

6,32

c 1

6 V 4,2 V

2

3

4.2.

9 V 6,3

0,3 V 0,5

V

V

12

8,2

0,7

V

V

V

140

86°

A 7,1 V

0,05

126

0,07 A

0,4

°

A 9,2 V

85,5

117,1

85°

V 0,37

117,5

8,22

2

V

Pembahasan

Berdasarkan praktikum yang telah dilakukan pada praktikum

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Berdasrkan data diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar tegangan AC yang digunakan maka semakin besar pula arus yang mengalir

dalam

rangkaian

RL-Seri.

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BAB V KESIMPULAN

Berdasarkan hasil praktiukum yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan  bahwa semakin sumber tegangan yang digunakan maka semakin besar b esar arus yang mengalir pada rangkaiantersebut. Sehingga sumber tegangan berbanding lurus dengan kuat arus yang mengalir dalam rangkaian tersebut.

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

http://elektronika-dasar.web.id/analisa-rangkaian-r-l-seri/. Tim , Lab Elin. 2018. Modul 2018.  Modul Praktikum Getaran Gelombang Gelombang dan Optik. Malang Optik.  Malang Tipler, A. P. 2001. Fisika 2001.  Fisika Untuk Sains dan Teknik. Jakarta: Teknik. Jakarta: Erlangga.

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DAFTAR NOTASI

 No

Simbol

Keterangan

satuan

1

I

Kuat arus

A

2

V

Tegangan

V

3

Z

Impedansi

-

4

R

Resistor/ Hambatan

Ω

6

L

Induktor

H

7

 

Tegangan total

V

Tegangan pada

V

8

induktor 9



Tegangan pada

V

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APENDIKS

  = i.R

(Tegangan pada resistor)

    +   (menghitung impedansi) =    +   (menghitung teganaga total)   = i. 

(Tegangan pada kapasitor)

   



(menghitung sudut fase antara  dan 

 Percobaan 1

Diketahui: 6 V; VL = 4,2 V; VR = 0,3 V, dan VT = 4,7V Ditanya :   ⋯ ?   ⋯ ?   ⋯ ?

  ⋯ ?   ⋯ ?   ⋯ ?

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  √  + 

=

 √ 10 10 +126

1 00 + 1587 158776 76 = √ 15976 15976 = √ 100

= 126,4

   √   + 

=  0,5 0,5 +6,3 =

 0,25 0 ,25 + 39,6 39,699

= √ 39,94 39,94

= 6,32 V.  Percobaan 3

Diketahui: Sumbe tegangan AC = 12 V; VL = 8,2 V; VR = 0,7 V, dan VT = 9,2 V Ditanya :   ⋯ ?   ⋯ ?   ⋯ ?   ⋯ ?   ⋯ ? Penyelesaian :

    ,  0,07 A    , = 117,1 XL 

  ⋯ ?

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LAMPIRAN 1. Data Percobaan

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2. Jawaban TesPertanyaan

1. Tuliskan persamaan tegangan dan arus pada masing-masing variasi tegangan AC 6V, 9V dan 12 V. Jawaban : a. Tegangan AC 6 V



 ,    0,03 A   ,