Laporan Praktikum Struktur Benih

 

DE_JYEB _YE@]A@WK ]G@BJDJCA IGBAL (IE-99?8) X]YW@]WY IGBAL _EMA, NECWBC, @EHEBC KGYEL, ]JKE], HEIEA MEB @GHEKIELBQE XGY]E _GBCW@WYEB @EMEY EAY IGBAL _EMA MEB NECWBC

]ebcced _re`ta`uk > ?1 Fgiruera 9?5< ]ebcced _gbcukpudeb _gbcukpudeb > ?9 Kergt 9?5<

Masusub jdgl> Yadva Eiadae ]gse _utra 55=56?== @gdjkpj` <

Esastgb A Custa _utu Babc`a Xemu _utre 55=5=7?5

_YJCYEK X]WMA YG@EQEXE _GY]EBAEB XG@JDEL ADKW MEB ]G@BJDJCA LEQE]A ABX]A]W] ]G@BJDJCA IEBMWBC NE]ABEBCJY 9?5<

 

IEI A _GBMELWDWEB 5.5 Deter Igde`ebc Igbal emedel sedel setu led yebc lerus mapgrleta`eb medek prjmu`tavates  pgrtebaeb. Epeiade igbal kgbcedeka `gkubmureb ke`e e`eb tgrnema pgburubeb

`uedates igbal. Xedel setu fe`tjr pgbygiei `gkubmureb igbal emedel `gdgkieieb rgdetaf yebc igr`eateb mgbceb `emer ear igbal. @emer ear igbal kgrupe`eb suetu fubcsa mera `gdgkieieb rgdetaf umere sg`aterbye. Epeiade `gdgkieieb rgdetaf umere tabcca ,ke`e ,ke`e `emer ear igbal e`eb e`eb tabcca sekpea tgrnema `gsgakiebceb ebtere `emer ear igbal mgbceb `gdgkieieb rgdetaf umere sg`aterbye (Mabertj,9?5?). _eme ukukbye iana tgrmara mera `udat iana (spgrkemgrkas), fubahudus meb bu`dgus. Abta iana tgrmara mera gkiraj meb putal dgkiece (ediukgb). @udat iana  igrcube sgiecea prjtg`sa yeatu kgdabmubca iecaeb medek iana .Xgmebc`eb gkiraj emedel suetu tebekeb ieru yebc tgrigbtu` `ergbe igrsetubye cekgt nebteb meb cekgt igtabe. Xtru`tur gkiraj tgrmara mera gpa`jtad (hedjb puhu`), lapj`jtad (hedjb  ietebc), `jtadgmjb (hedjb meub), meb rema`ude (hedjb e`er). Nerabceb pgbyakpeb hemebceb ke`ebeb ukukbye tgrmara mera `erijlamret, dgke`, prjtgab meb kabgred. Xtru`tur yebc mepet igrfubcsa sgiecea nerabceb pgbyakpeb hemebceb ke`ebeb, emedel `jtadgmjb, gbmjspgrk, pgraspgrk, meb  cekgtjplytah ( Xutjpj, Xutjpj, 9??9). _utal dgkiece kgrupe`eb sukigr hemebceb ke`ebeb ieca dgkiece. ]ame` sgkue iana kgkada`a putal dgkiece sgiecea hemebceb ke`ebeb. Xgiecaeb iana kgbygmae`eb hemebceb ke`ebebbye ma medek `jtadgmjb (Iumaweta,9?59). Iana tebekeb necubc kgkada`a putal iana sgiecea hemebceb ke`ebeb,sgmebce`eb peme tebekeb ma`jtad sgpgrta `ehebc kgrel,kgbyakpeb hemebceb ke`ebeb ma `jtadgmjb (Hekpigdd,9?59). _eme pre`ta`uk aba made`u`eb  pgbcunaeb ubtu` kgbgbtu`eb stru`tur igbal pema, necubc, tjket meb heiea, kgbgbtu`eb stru`tur `ghekiel pema, necubc, tjket meb heiea sgrte kgbgbtu`eb `emer ear mera igbal necubc meb igbal pema mgbceb kgbccube`eb kgtjmg meser meb kgtjmg pre`tas. 5.9 ]unueb 5.  Kgbgbtu`eb stru`tur igbal pema, necubc (kjbj`jtad ),tjket meb heiea (ma`jtad). 9.  Kgbgbtu`eb stru`tur `ghekiel pema, necubc (kjbj`jtad), `ehebc kgrel,tjket meb heiea (ma`jtad). 8.  Kgbgbtu`eb `emer ear igbal pema meb necubc mgbceb kgtjmg meser meb  pre`tas.

 

IEI AA ]GJYA MEXEY

Igbal kgrupe`eb iana tebekeb yebc macube`eb ubtu` tunueb pgbebekeb yebc kgrupe`eb suetu igbtu` tebekeb kaba (gkiraj) yebc kesal medek `gemeeb  pgr`gkiebceb. Igbal nuce kgrupe`eb sedel setu fe`tjr pgbtabc yebc kgkpgbcerula prjmu`tafates tebekeb. @gtame`igrlesadeb prjmu`sa tebekeb  iaesebye masgiei`eb jdgl iuru`bye `uedates igbal, sglabcce mapgrdu`ebbye tg`bjdjca igbal ubtu` kgbgbtu`eb `uedaes igbal tgrsgiut (Wtjkj,9??1). Igbal kgkada`a igigrepe iecaeb yebc kgkada`a fubcsabye kesabc-kesabc. Wkukbye  igbal tgrmara gkiraj, nerabceb pgbyakpeb hemebceb ke`ebeb, meb pgdabmubc iana (`udat iana) . Gkiraj tgrigbtu` `ergbe igrsetubye cekgt nebteb meb cekgt igtabe .Xtru`tur gkiraj maebterebye yeatu gpa`jtad (hedjb puhu`), lapj`jtad (hedjb  ietebc), `jtadgmjb (hedjb meub), meb rema`ude (hedjb e`er). Nerabceb pgbyakpeb hemebceb ke`ebeb tgrmara mera `erijlamret, dgke`, prjtgab meb kabgred. Xtru`tur yebc mepet igrfubcsa sgiecea nerabceb pgbyakpeb hemebceb ke`ebeb, yeatu `jtadgmjb, gbmjspgrk, pgraspgrk, meb  cekgtjplytah .  Xgmebc`eb `udat iana kgrupe`eb depaseb tgrduer iana yebc `gres meb `uet meb igrcube ubtu` kgdabmubca  iecaeb medek iana ( Xutjpj, Xutjpj, 9??9). Xghere ukuk `ghekiel tgrmara mera tace iecaeb uteke yeatu rema`ude (e`er gkiraj), lapj`jtad, meb `jtadgmjb (meub dgkiece). Kgburut _urbjiesu`a (9?55),  pgr`ghekieleb mepet maigme`eb kgbnema mue igrmeser`eb dgte` `jtadgmjbbye yeatu pgr`ghekieleb gpacged meb pgr`ghekieleb lapjcged. _eme pgr`ghekieleb gpacged, `jtadgmjb tgrdgte` ma etes pgrku`eeb tebel `ergbe tgrmjrjbc jdgl  pgrtukiuleb lapj`jtad yebc kgkebnebc `g etes. _rjsgs pgr`ghekieleb aba  iaesebye tgrnema peme tukiuleb ma`jtad. . Xgmebc`eb peme pgr`ghekieleb lapjcged, `jtadgmjb tgtep igreme ma iewel tebel, yebc masgiei`eb jdgl  pgrtukiuleb gpa`jtad yebc kgkebnebc `g erel iewel. _eme ukukbye, prjsgs  pgr`ghekieeb lapjcged aba tgrnema peme tukiuleb kjbj`jtad (Xutjpj,9??9 (Xutjpj,9??9). ). Kgburut Xutjpj (9??9), igrmeser`eb nukdel `jtadgmjb, igbal mepet macjdjbc`eb kgbnema mue yeatu kjbj`jtad (`jtadgmjbbye igr`gpabc setu) meb ma`jtad (`jtadgmjbbye igr`gpabc mue). Epeiade maigdel iana tebekeb ma`jtad kgkada`a stru`tur yebc tgrmara mera gkiraj, `jtadgmjb, lapj`jtad meb rema`ude. Meb epeiade iana kjbj`jtad maigdel ma mepet stru`tur yebc tgrmara mera `jdgjptad,  pdukude, `jdgjraze, s`utgduk meb gbmjspgrke. _eme tebekeb kjbj`jtad, hjbtjlbye necubc hemebceb ke`ebeb e`eb tgrsgmae ma medek gbmjspgrke,sgmebc`eb hemebceb ke`ebeb ubtu` tebekeb ma`jtad sgpgrta `ehebc`ehebceb masgiut mgbceb `jtadgmjb.

 

  Cekier 5. _grigmeeb Igbal Ma`jtad meb Kjbj`jtad (Xutjpj, 9??9)

Hemebceb ke`ebeb peme igbal tgrmara mera `erijlamret, prjtgab, dgke`, meb sgbyewe deabbye.. @erijlamret kgrupe`eb hemebceb ke`ebeb uteke ieca igbal yebc iaesebye tgrsakpeb medek igbtu` ekadjse. _rjtgab sgiecea hemebceb ke`ebeb tebekeb dgcuk sgpgrta `gmgdea, dgke` kgrupe`eb hemebceb ke`ebeb  peme igbal `ehebc tebel, `epes, iubce ketelera, ketelera , wangb meb deab-deab. Xgmebc`eb sgbyewe deab yebc tgrmepet peme igbal iase tgrigbtu` mera lesad kgteijdat sg`ubmgr sgpgrta tebab, ed`edjam, fdevjbjam,mdd. Xgmebce`eb peme seet prjsgs gkiraj hemebceb ke`ebeb ieca ieca tukiuleb ma`jtad emedel `jtadgmjb meb meb ieca ieca kjbj`jtad emedel gbmjspgrke `ergbe igduk tgrigbtu`bye `djrjfad ubtu` kgde`u`eb prjsgs fjtjsasbtgsas (Wtjkj,9??1). ( Wtjkj,9??1).

 

IEI AAA KG]JMJDJCA 8.5 Edet meb Ieleb Edet meb ieleb yebc macube`eb peme pre`ta`uk aba emedel Edet Heweb _jrsgdgb

Mgsa`etjr Creab Kjasturg ]gstgr Crabmgr @ehe pgkigser Kaster Kjasturg Ebedazgr Kjrter meb edu Jvgb _gbsad latek

Ieleb

Ear Igbal ma`jtad meb `ghekielbye (`ehebc kgrel,tjket,heiea) Igbal kjbj`jtad meb `ghekielbye (pema meb necubc) @grtes Kgrebc

_gbsad werbe _gtramasl ]akiebceb 8.9 Here @grne _gbceketeb stru`tur igbal meb stru`tur `ghekiel makudea mgbceb masaep`eb  igbal meb `ghekiel heiea, necubc, `ehebc kgrel, meb tjket yebc tgdel madgkiei`eb medek `grtes kgrebc sgdeke

Igret iesel ; 7,??5= crek Igret heweb ; 9=,358 crek Igret `grabc ;=,8867 crek. @emer ear igbal necubc necubc 5 ;

7,??5=crek ∙=,8867crek 7,??5=crek

Ó 5??% 5??% ; 58,91 58,91=% =% 

9.  @emer ear igbal necubc peme heweb 9 > Igret heweb ; 98,39 crek Igret `grabc ; =,=966 crek Igret iesel ; 7,??6 crek @emer ear igbal necubc 9 ;

7,??6crek ∙=,=669crek 7,??6crek

Ó 5? 5??% ?% ; 55,73 55,73=% =% 

Nema `emer ear rete-rete peme necubc necubc emedel ; ( 58,91=% 58,91=% + 55,73=%)/9 55,73=%)/9 ; 59,=8= @emer ear rete-rete peme necubc mgbceb kgtjmg pre`tas emedel 58,3 % I. _grlatubceb `emer ear pema igrmeser`eb mete `gdjkpj` 3 mgbceb kgtjmg meser emedel peme peme heweb 5 emedel 3,1% meb peme heweb 9 emedel Ecrjtg`bjdjla, 5(9)> 85//s`p.ubear.eh.am/rgpjsatjry/CuruAbmjbgsae/_gr`ghekielebZLgry_urbjiesu`aZ983.pmf. Abmjbgsae/_gr`ghekielebZLgry_urbjiesu`aZ 983.pmf. Mae`sgs peme tebcced 5Kergt pu`ud 98.76 SAI Xutjpj, Date. 9??9. ]g`bjdjca Igbal. Igbal. Ne`erte > _], Yene Crefabmj _grseme. Wtjkj, I. 9??1.  G`jdjca Igbal. Igbal. @erye Adkael. Wbavgrsates Xuketgre Wtere. Kgmeb. Vga, Elkem. 9?57. "Xgigrepe _gbtabc Fubcsa Kjasturg ]gstgr:". PJbdabg[. lttp>//bgws.rededa.hjk. Mae`sgs lttp>//bgws.rededa.hjk.  Mae`sgs peme @ekas, 5 Kergt 9?5< pu`ud 7>89 SAI.