Laporan Praktikum Sitohistoteknologi (Larasati)

 

Iapnral Rramtemug Zetnfestntdmlninoe Rdg`uatal Rrdparat Festninoe Hdloal Xdmlem Zayatal

Hesusul Nidf ; Laga ; Iarasate Merala Rutre Mdias

;3A

LEG

; 16282:8245 16282:8245

H ES ALAIEZ MDZDFAXAL CAMTIXAZ CAPGAZE HAL ZAELZ TLESDPZEXAZ GTFAGGAHEUAF RPNC.HP.FAGMA KAMAPXA 0201

 

@A@ E RDLHAFTITAL

A.  Hdcelese Festninoe Festninoe `drasai hare `afasa Uulale yaetu mata, festns hal h al inons. Festns `drarte kareloal hal inons ahaiaf eigu. Kahe Festninoe ahaiaf saiaf satu ja`alo hare eigu @eninoe yalo gdg`afas tdltalo kareloal (@dvdialhdr hal Pagaidy 1566). Kareloal etu sdlhere ahaiaf sdmugpuial sdi yalo saga `dltum hal culoselya. Tltum gdgafage festninoe, sd`diuglya sdnralo gafaseswa farus gdgafage tdrid`ef hafuiu eigu alatnge tu`uf galusea mfususlya, mdguheal sestdg nroal yalo gdlhumulo suatu nroalesgd etu sdrta nroal apa saka yalo tdrie`at he haiag suatu sestdg nroal tdrsd`ut. Eigu ele `drmdg`alo `drm dg`alo sderelo hdloal  `drmdg`alolya eigu cesema nptem mfususlya mfususlya pdldgual gemrnsmnp hal eigu tdmlem pdwarlaal (festnmegea) hal tdmlem pdg`uatal pd g`uatal prdparat hare nroal hal kareloal fdwal, sdfelooa meta hapat gdiefat kareloal yalo gdlyusul hare satu nroal `aem haiag mdahaal lnrgai gaupul patninoes. Festninoe kuoa gdg`altu gdldoammal heaolnsa ultum suatu pdlyamet hdloal gdiefat paragdtdr festninoelya, hdloal jara `enpse kareloal hal mdguheal gdg`uat prdparase kareloallya. Zpdmtrug `eninoe heguiae hare telomat @engnidmui yalo gdlyatamal `afwa gamfium fehup hesusul atas 8 `engnidmui yaetu mar`nfehrat, iepeh, prntdel hal 0 kdles kdle s asag lumidat yaetu Hdnmsere`nsa Lujidej Ajeh (HLA) hal Pe`nsa Lujidej Ajeh (PLA). Gamla hare pdrlyataal `afwa gamfium fehup etu hesusul nidf 8  `engnidmui artelya gamfium fenhup fenhup etu gutiam g gdgpulyae dgpulyae 8 `engnidmui ele hal asag lumidatlya farus aha mdhua hualya (HLA hal PLA). Serus teham hematamal gamfium fehup mardla falya gdgeieme falya 0  `engnidmui saka yaetu prntdel hal asag lumidat yalo falya saiaf satulya saka, yaetu HLA saka atau PLA saka. Hdloal mata iael iael verus hematamal sd`aoae kasah lnl sdiiuiar (Uuwnln 0226) atau aha kuoa yalo gdlyatamal verus sd`aoae partemdi lnl sdi (Jfagpfdi hmm. 1555). Xelomat  `dremutlya ahaiaf Zdi hehdcelesemal sd`aoae ulet strumturei hal culosenlei yalo fehup. Zatu sdi suhaf hematamal fehup, mardla sdjara strumturai tdrhese atas elte sdi yalo gdlodlhaiemal sdgua amtecetas sdi sd i yalo heiamumal nidf nroaldia yalo tdrhapat he haiag setnpiasga. Zdteap

 

nroaldia gdiamumal amtevetas atau culoselya sdsuae pdreltaf hare elte sdi yalo hemdlhaiemal nidf HLA atau odl hal mdmdrka sdjara `drsaga-saga (seldroes), sdfelooa satu sdi hapat gdiamumal amtevetas fehup. Zdi gdiamumal pdrtumaral zat, aha zat yalo gasum sd`aoae elput mdguheal hegdta`niesg gdlkahe suatu prnhum (nutput) hal kuoa prnhum sesa yalo farus he`ualo hdloal tukual gdgpdrtafalmal mnlhese mdsdeg`aloal eltdrlai sdi atau fngdnstases. Zdi gdiamumal rdprnhumse, hdloal jara gdwaresmal secat yalo he`awa nidf sdpdralomat odl hdloal tukual gdgpdrtafalmal odldraselya, hal iael iael. Xelomat `dremutlya ahaiaf Kareloal, yalo hehdcelesemal sd`aoae sdmugpuial sdi yalo saga `dltum hal culoselya. Artelya satu kareloal `drarte falya hesusul nidf satu tepd sdi saka hal culoselya kuoa paste saga puia. Xelomat `dremutlya ahaiaf Nroal, yalo gdrupamal mugpuial hare `d`drapa gajag kareloal. Gesailya satu nroal palmrdas yalo gdrupamal satu nroal yalo tdrgasum haiag sestdg dlhnmrel, tdrhere hare : gajag kareloal, yaetu ; 1. Kareloal

yalo hesusul nidf sdi α palmrdas gdlsdmrdsemal fnrgnl oiumaonl,  `drculose haiag mnlvdrse oiemnodl gdlkahe gdlkahe oiumnsa (gdlelomatmal mahar

oiumnsa) 0. Kareloal yalo hesusul nidf ΰ palmrdas gdlsdmrdsemal fnrgnl elsuiel, `drculose haiag mnlvdsre oiumnsa gdlkahe oiemnodl

(gdlurulmal mahar oiumnsa) :. Kareloal yalo hesusul nidf κ palmrdas gdlsdmrdsemal fnrgnl sngastatel, `drculose sd`aoae pdlydeg`alo hare amtevetas fnrgnl oiumaonl hal elsuiel.

 

@A@ EE XELKATAL RTZXAMA

a.  XDMLEM RDG@TAXAL RPDRAPAX Xdmlem pdg`uatal prdaparat mususlya ultum kareloal fdwal hal galusea aha 0 gajag, yaetu tdmlem pdg`uatal prdaparat hdloal sayatal hal tdmlem  pdg`uatal prdparat talpa tdmlem sayatal. Rdg`uatal prdparat talpa tdflem sayatal altara iael, yaetu prdparat uias hal prdparat rdltalo, prdaparat supravetai, prdparat utuf hal prdparat urae. 1. Rdg`uatal Rrdparat Festninoe hdloal tdmlem sayatal. Rdg`uatal prdparat festninoe hdloal tdflem sayatal ahaiaf suatu jara gdg`uat prdparat festninoe gdlooulamal dg`dhhelo  haiag  haiag paracel hal gemrntng putar ultum gdlyayat. Ahapaul tafapal atau pdrseapal yalo fdrus heiamumal ultum gdg`uat prdparat festninoe hdloal tdmlem sayatal ahaiaf sd`aoae `dremut ;    Gdlyeapmal fdwal pdrjn`aal ultum he`eus. Zd`diug gdiamumal  pdg`eusal tdrfahap fdwal pdrjn`aal, tdrid`ef tdrid`ef hafuiu yalo farus hepdrseapmal ahaiaf ; Gdlydheamal mapas yalo suhaf he`asafe hdloal dtdr sd`aoae `afal (aodl) pdg`eus fdwal pdrjn`aal. Rdlooalte dtdr ahaiaf mdtagel. a. Gdgasummal mapas yalo suhaf he`asafe hdloal dtdr dtdr haiag wahaf  pdg`eusal.  `. Gdgasumal fdwal pdrjn`aal md haiag wahaf pdg`eusal. j. Gdlutup wahaf, iaiu fdwal pdrjn`aal yalo aha hehaiag wahaf 

heagate felooa tdriefat idgas hal tdrtehur. 0.  Rdloag`eial Nroal / Kareloal Nroal ataupul kareloal yalo heag`ei hesdsuaemal hdloal md`utufal haiag pdloagatal. a.  Zdheamal `ame `dhaf (`easa heoulamal ahaiaf stdrncnag)    `.  Zdheamal karug pdltui  Jara lya ;    Fdwal yalo suhaf tdrtehur puias he tdridltalomal he atas `ame stdrncnag tahe.    He `dhaf he `aoeal a`hngdl/pdrut  

 

  Mame mamelya hetusum hdloal karug pdltui     Iaiu ag`ei pesau `dhaf he haiag mntam sdpdralomat s dpdralomat aiat `dhaf     @easa hdloal oultelo kuoa, iaiu aha pelsdt lya kuoa   Iaiu healomat muietlya hdloal pelsdt     Iaiu pdial-pdial heoultelo hdloal pesau `dhaf   Ualo tdralomat pdrtaga ahaiaf muiet hal kareloal ematlya     Iaiu he`awaflya aha ntnt, iaiu `esdp ntntlya he`dhaf  

  Zdfelooa tdriefat nroal-nroal haiag yalo tdrhapat hehaiag tu`uf

fdwal tdrsd`ut.    Zdtdiaf heag`ei nroallya,gesai yalo heag`ei ahaiaf fate. Etu mdieatal paste `drharaf haraf.   Hejuje felooa `drsef hdloal gdlooulamal oarag oara g ceseninoes (LaJi 2,5%).  :.  Rdljujeal Rdljujeal nroal heiamumal hdloal jara gdgasummal nroal yalo heeloelmal md haiag iarutal oarag ceseninoes (LaJi ( LaJi 2,5%) Jara pdg`uatal oarag ceseninoes (LaJi) purd -  Heag`ei LaJi 2,5 orag  -  Hetag`afmal aquahdst hehaiag odias umur sd`alyam 122 gI   8.  Cemsase Cemsase ahaiaf suatu usafa ultum gdgpdrtafalmal didgdl ‚   didgdl sdi atau kareloal aoar tdtap paha tdgpatlya hal teham gdloaiage  pdru`afal `dltum gaupul umural. Cemsase `drculose ultum gdgpdrtafalmal `dltum kareloal sdhdgemeal rupa sdfelooa pdru`afal  `dltum / strumtur sdi kareloal yalo yalo tdrkahe falya sdmdjei gulomel, gdldg`us kareloal hdloal jdpat, `drsecat gnrhdlt (gdloemat) hal gdg`altu elhdms rdcramse. Tltum hapat gdiamumal fai tdrsd`ut tdrs d`ut suatu iarutal cemsase farus hapat ; Gdlofdltemal prnsds dlzegatem sdi tu`uf sdjdpatlya ultum n  gdljdoaf autnieses. Autnieses ahaiaf pdlodrusamal sdi sdlhere sdsuhaf tdrkahe mdgateal sdi hal hesd`a`mal nidf mdrka dlzeg yalo tdrhapat he haiag sdi etu sdlhere. Autnieses ele hapat hefag`athdloal gdlheloelmal  kareloal haiag tdrlpdratur he `awaf 2²J atau haiag uhara palas id`ef hare 4?²J, lagul haiag sufu magar amal ama l hepdrjdpat. Zdiael autnieses,

 

mdrusamal kareloal hapat tdrkahe ame`at `amtdre, `aem hesd`a`mal nidf  `amtdre yalo aha (sdptemdge) ataupul `amtdre mngdlseai. mngdlseai. Gdlomnaouiase prntdel kareloal sdfelooa gdlkahemal sdi elsniu`id n  yalo gdljdoaf gasum atau mdiuarlya zat-zat haiag sdi. Gdg`uat kareloal guhaf hewarlae. Kareloal farus hegasummal md n  haiag iarutal cemsase sdjdpat gulomel sdtdiaf heag`ei hare nroal. Kema nroal tdrsd`ut guhaf gdg`usum gesailya ntam, fate, paru, paru , usus hal nroal haiag iaellya, kaloal hetuloou sagpae npdrase sdidsae. Haya  pdldtrase iarutal cemsase kuoa tdr`atas. @alyamlya @alyamlya iarutal cemsase gelegai kareloal hapat `drdlalo he haiaglya hal ha l yalo ehdai kugiaf iarutal 12 x `dsar kareloal.  @dremut ahaiaf kdles-kdles iarutal cemsase yalo `easa ` easa heoulamal haiag  pdgdremsaal suatu kareloal ahaiaf ; a.  Cnrgaihdfeh ; Cnrgaihdfeh ahaiaf suatu oas yalo iarut haiag aer. Iarutal ele  `drsecat asag hal tdrsdhea haiag `dltum cnrgaihdfeh 82% 82% atau cnrgaiel, lagul hdloal mnlsdltrase ele teham hapat hepamae ultum cemsase mardla tdriaiu jdpat gdlodrasmal kareloal. Zd`aoae iarutal cemsase farus hejagpurmal haiag aer `easa atau iarutal oarag ceseninoes, hdloal pdr`alheloal 1 `aoeal cnrgaiel hdloal 5 `aoeal  pdiarut gdlkahe cnrgai saield 12% 12% atau id`ef hemdlai hd hdloal loal cnrgaiel 12%. Tltum pdlyegpalal haiag kugiaf `dsar hal wamtu yalo iaga gama cnrgaield 12% farus he`dre oarag `uccdr atau gaoldseug atau maiseugmar`nlat supaya teham tdrkahe pdg`dltumal dlhapal asag cnrgem. Cnrgaiel gdgpulyae `au yalo teham dlam hal hapat gdloeretaseg muiet, sdiaput idlher hal gata. Nidf mardla etu healkurmal gdgamae sarulo taloal hdloal uhara tdr`uma wamtu meta sdhalo gdlodinia gatdre `drcnrgaiel.  `.  Aimnfni ; Aimnfni Gdrupamal iarutal hdloal haya hdfehrase yalo muat hal gdlyd`a`mal pdlodrasal hal pdlodrutal kareloal. Aimnfni hapat gdlomnaouiase prntdel hal prdsepetase oiumnodl hal gdiarutmal idgam. Culose aimnfni yalo utaga ahaiaf sd`aoae `afal cemsase sdheaal setninoe lagul haiag mdahaal tdrpamsa hapat heoulamal

 

sd`aoae cemsase sdheaal festnpatninoe. Fai ele hesd`a`mal haya tdg`us aimnfni yalo muralo `aem nidf mardla kareloal jdpat gdlkahe mdras hal gdlomdrut sdfelooa sdheaal sumar hepuias. Hua kdles aimnfni paielo sdhdrfala ahaiaf gdtfalni hal dtalni. j.  Iarutal @nuel Nroal yalo tdiaf hejuje hdloal iarutal oarag o arag ceseninoes, hegasummal md haiag iarutal @neul (gamsegai 08 kag) hdloal hdl oal vniugd sdmuralo-muralolya 12x vniugd kareloal yalo amal hecemsase. Mngpnsese iarutal @nuel ; - Iarutal asag pemrat kdluf ?4 gi - Cnrgaiel (Cnrgaihdfeh 82%) 02 gi  ‚  Asag  Asag Asdtat Oiaseai 4 gi (hetag`afmal paha saat heoulamal). Iarutal stnm asag pemrat kdluf ; he`uat hdloal jara gdiarutmal 1 or sdr`um asag pemrat haiag dtalni 54% 122 gi h.  Ldutrai @uccdrdh Cnrgaiel Mngpnsese Mngpnsese ; - Cnrgaiel 12 gi - Ajeh Znheug Rfnspfatd gnlnfyhratd 2,82 or - Alfyhrnus hesnheug pfnspfatd 2,34 or - Ah amuahds 122 gi

Pugus yalo heoulamal ultum gdgnletnr cemsase `aem atau `urum heuke hdloal rugus; h 7 m ∛t   Mdtdraloal h 7 mdtd`aial kareloal (gg) t 7 wamtu yalo he`utufmal/tdrsdhea m 7 mdtdtapal haya cemser hare atas hal `awaf (0 V mdtdtapal gaselogaselo cemsase) Mdtdtapal cemsase cnrgaiel 12% 7 2.?6 4.  Hdfehrase Hdfehrase `drtukual ultum pdlaremal gnidmui aer haiag h aiag  kareloal. Rrnsds ele saloat pdltelo pdltelo tdrutaga ultum kareloal ‚  kareloal  kareloal yalo amal he`uat prdparat eresal. @easalya prnsds hdfehrase heiamumal sdtdiaf prnsds cemsase sdidsae. Jara gdiamumal hdfehrase ; Rrnsds hdfehrase

 

hekaialmal sdjara pdriafal-iafal gdlooulamal aimnfni `drtelomat , heguiae hdloal aimnfni pdrsdltasd rdlhaf sagpae hdloal aimnfni a`sniutd. Heguiae hdloal aimnfni ?2 %, 62 %, 54 %, aimnfni a`sniutd ( sdiaga :2 gdlet). _amtu yalo hepdroulamal ultum sdteap telomat aimnfni tdroaltulo hare `dsar mdjeilya kareloal . Aimnfni a`sniutd gdgpulyae mdgagpual gdgpdrmdras kareloal. Zd`aoae aljar-aljar kareloal kaloal hetelooaimal hehaiag aimnfni tdrsd`ut id`ef hare 1 atau 0 kag ultum  kareloal `drumural `easa ( td`ai 0-8 gg). 3.  Rdlkdrlefal (Jidarelo) Rdlkdrlefal ahaiaf suatu prnsds yalo heiamumal sdtdiaf tafapal hdfehrase yalo `drculose ultum gdg`uat kareloal gdlkahe kdrlef hal tralsparal. Gdheug pdlkdrlef ele amal gdlkdrlefmal atau gdltralparalmal kareloal aoar hapat tdrwarlae hdloal `aem hal gdgpdriefatmal warla sdsuae hdloal warla pdwarlalya hal kuoa sd`aoae pdraltara gasumlya kareloal mdhaiag paraccel. [at yalo sdrelo hepamae Vyini, tape `esa kuoa hepamae ; `dlzni, `dlzdld, tniuni hal iaeliael.. Tltum kareloal ntam hal iegcnlneh id`ef `aem gdlooulamal mnincnrg. _amtu yalo heoulamal ultum prnsds pdlkdrlefal tdroaltulo  paha mdtd`aial hal telomat mdpahatal kareloal. kareloal. Rdlkdrlefal `easalya heiamumal sdjara `drtafap. Zdtdiaf kareloal sdidsae sdi dsae hehdfehrase he haiag aimnfni a`sniut, sdialkutlya nroal hegasummal md haiag iarutal jagpural aimnfni a`sniut ; xeini (1 = 1) sdiaga :2 gdlet, iaiu heialkutmal he haiag xeini sdiaga :2 gdlet.  

?.  Dg`dhhelo Dg`dhelo (Rdlalagal) ahaiaf suatu usafa gdlyusupmal gdhea  pdlalagal (dg`dhhelo gdhea) md haiag kareloal hdloal kaial gdlooaltemal mdhuhumal hdfehral hal `afal pdlkdrlef (jidarelo aodlts). Xukual tafap dg`dhelo ele ahaiaf ultum gdloese kareloal hdloal paracel sd`aoe pdloemat kareloal aoar tdtap gdgeieme `dltum hal strumtur yalo saga sdpdrte fehup. Jara gdiamumal dg`dhhelo ; Heiamumal hdloal gdrdlhag nroal he haiag elmu`atnr hdloal sufu tdtap (32²J) haiag paracel jaer yalo heesemal paha `ntni ceig. Nroal mdguheal heidtammal haiag `ntni ceig

 

 `drese paracel jaer sd`alyam 0 maie pdlouialoal, gaselo-gaselo gaselo-gaselo sdiaga 0  kag. 6.  Rdlyayatal (Zdjtenlelo) Rdljdtamal heiamumal hdloal jara gdrdlhagmal nroal haiag jdtamal `inm paracel, sdtdiaf gdlodrelo iaiu hepntnlo ( pdgntnloal `inm  paracel gdlooulamal pesau yalo tdiaf he palasmal he atas ape, hdloal tukual aoar paracel teham rusam) sdsuae sdhdgemeal rupa `dr`dltum pdrsdoe hal he idmatmal paha sd`uaf `ainm mayu yalo `drumural mdjei, `inm tdrsd`ut he `dre ia`di hal seap he sayat gdlooulamal gemrntng. Gdrdlhag nroal haiag jdtamal `inm paracel,iaiu `inm tdrsd`ut he`dre ia`di hal seap he sayat gdlooulamal rntary gejrntng. Xd`ai sayatal yalo ugug `drmesar 3 ‚  14  14 gemrnl ( 1 gemrnl 7 2,221 gg ).   Jara gdiamumal pdgntnloal ; a. Zd`diug heiamumal pdgntnloal, `inm kareloal hegasumal hegasuma l mdhaiag  piastem yalo heese aer hal idtammal idtammal he crddzdr ±14 gdlet atau he`dre  `atu ds.  `. @inm hekdpet paha gemrntng mdguheal hepntnlo hdloal pesau gemrntng. Mdgereloal ; ±:22 , Xd`ai `inm paraccel ± 0-4gemrnl. j. Fasei pdgntnloal (`drupa peta/eresal tepes yalo saielo `drsag`ulo) hegasummal mdhaiag watdr`atf yalo heese aer yalo suhaf hefaloatmal 422 J, mdguheal heag`ei hdloal maja n`kdm n `kdm (Gdidtammal pntnloal he watdr`atf teham `nidf tdr`aiem). Gajag ‚  gajag  gajag `dltum pdgntnloal kareloal ; a. Inloetuhelai Zdjtenl / IZ atau gdgntnlo vdrtemai hare atas md `awaf  `. Xralsvdrsai Zdjtenl / VZ atau gdgntnlo gdgntnlo fnreznltai hare malal md mere j. Gerelo 5.  Rdldgpdial hal Acemsase (Accexelo) (Hasugeate 0226) ; Accexelo ahaiaf prnsds pdidmatal atau pdldgpatal sayatal s ayatal kareloal  paha maja n`kdm hdloal `altual gdhea pdidmat tdrtdltu. tdrtdltu. Xukual  pdldgpdial ele ahaiaf ultum gdldgpdimal gdldgpdimal peta paraccel yalo suhaf  `drese sayatal kareloal paha maja n`kdm. Gdhea Gdhea pdidmat yalo uguglya heoulamal ahaiaf Gaydrs ai`ugel yalo cnrguialya ahaiaf sd`aoae  `dremut ; 

 Rutef tdiur sd`alyam 4n `aoeal

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 Oiesdrel sd`alyam 42 `aoeal

 

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 Mrestai Xygni `d`drapa `uter

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 Amuahds `d`drapa tdtds

12. Rdwarlaal (Ztaelelo) Tguglya haiag pdwarlaal festnpatninoe heoulamal jat Fdgatnxyiel-Dnsel (FD) hesagpelo jat mfusus (RAZ, on ongnre, gnre, [L, Gainry, hii) hal jat yalo id`ef mfusus mfu sus yaetu eggulnfestnmegea (DP, RP, JH02, IGR, hii). Rdwarlaal yalo heoulamal ahaiaf Fadgatnmseiel dnsel (FD). Rdwarlaal heiamumal he haiag staelelo kar hdloal sdre iarutal sd`aoae  `dremut; a.  Hdparacelesase  `.  Rrdparat gasum md Vyini E, EE, hal EEE gaselo-gaselo : gdlet.Zdtdiaf etu hemdrelomal pelooer kareloal hdloal mael masa. j.  Pdfehrase Rrdparat gasum md aimnfni 122%, 54%, 62%, ?2% gaselo-gaselo 0 gdlet h.  Rrdparat gasum md aer gdloaier : gdlet (aer gdloaier hetagpulo haiag wahaf ). Zd`diuglya hejdiupmal md haiag hua galomnm aer : jdiup d.  Rdlodjatal Elte ? gdlet. Rrdparat gasum md haiag Gdydr Fdgatnmseiel c.  Rrdparat gasum md aer gdloaier : gdlet (aer gdloaie hetagpulo haiag wahaf ). Zd`diuglya hejdiupmal md haiag hua galomnm aer : jdiup. o.  Jnultdr Ztael . Rrdparat hegasum md iarutal Dnsel ? jdiup f.  Rrdparat Gasum md aer wahaf E, EE, hal EEE : jdiup e.  Hdfehrase Rrdparat gasum md haiag aimnfni ?2 %, 62%, 54%,122% : jdiup Zdtdiaf etu hemdrelomal hdloal mael masa sdmetar kareloal hal tuloou sagpae mdrelo  k.  Jidarelo Rrdparat gasum Md Vyini E, hal EE gaselo-gaselo 0 gdlet. 11.  Gnultelo Uaetu pdlutupal maja n`kdm sdtdiaf hetdtdse Dltdiial atau Jalaha @aisag tukual Gdg`dre warla jdraf hal sd`aoae pdielhulo hal  pdloawdt kareloal hare gemrn`a hal `amtdre.

 

 

@A@ EEE RPNZDHTP A.  Aiat hal @afal ; Aiat ; - Aiat ultum pdgntnloal/pdloag`eial nroal (sdpdralomat aiat  `dhaf). - Aiat ultum elceitrase paraccel (nvdl, `damdr oiass hal pelsdt). - Aiat ultum dg`dhhelo (pelsdt, mntam mntam mdjei 1,4 x 1,4 jg). - Aiat ultum sdjtenlelo (gemrntng hal muas). - Aiat ultum accexelo (n`kdm oiass, pepdt tdtds hal fnt piatd). - Aiat ultum staelelo/pdwarlaal (staelelo kar, mdrtas ia`di hal h al tessud). - Aiat ultum gnultelo (jnvdr oiass). - Aiat ultum pdloagatal (gemrnsmnp). @afal ; - Nroal fdwal sdpdrte usus, kaltulo, paru-paru, oelkai, iag`ulo, nvareug, tdrtes, fate, hal utdrus. - Minrncnrg atau dtdr. - LaJi 2,5% / ceseninoes atau iarutal relodr. - CAA (Cnrgaiel Aimnfni Ajdteh Ajeh) atau cnrgaiel 12%. - Aimnfni :2%, 82%, 42%, 32%, ?2%, 62%, 52%, 53% hal 122%. - Gdydr ai`ugel (Ai`ugel hal Oiysdrel). - Iarutal Vyini. - Raracel. - Rdwarla Dnsel. - Rdwarla Fdgatnxeiel. - Jalaha @aisag. @. Jara Mdrka Gdtnhd ; Raracel 1. Larmnses ; Fawal he`eus hdloal minrncnrg atau dtdr, `dhaf hal ag`ei nroal yalo hepdriumal. 0. _asfelo (Rdljujeal) ; Gaselo-gaselo nroal tdrsd`ut hejuje hdloal iarutal LaJi 2,5% ceseninoes sdiaga :2 gdlet.

 

 :. Cemsase ; Gaselo-gaselo nroal hegasummal md haiag `ntni-`ntni ceig, mdguheal hecemsase hdloal iarutal CAA atau cnrgaiel 12% sdiaga : kag. 8. Hdfehrase ; Gaselo-gaselo nroal tdrsd`ut tdrs d`ut hegasummal md haiag aijnfni `drtelomat yamle :2%, 42%, ?2%, 62%, 52% hal 53% gaselo-gaselo sdiaga :2 gdlet. 4. Jidarelo (Rdlkdrlefal) ; Nroal hegasummal md haiag xyini sdiaga ±84 gdlet felooa mdiefatal tralsparal. 3. Elceitrase ; Gdlyusupmal gdhea pdlalagal md haiag kareloal.

Gdhea pdlalagal hesegpal he haiag nvdl `drsufu 46˛J. Ialomaf  paha elceitrase ahaiaf ; a. Vyini ; Raracel (:;1) sdiaga 14 gdlet.  `. Vyini ; Raracel (1;1) sdiaga sdiaga 14 gdlet. j. Vyini ; Raracel (1;:) sdiaga 14 gdlet. ?. Dg`dhhelo (Rdlalagal) ; Heseapmal mntam-mntam mdjei (1,4x1,4jg), hegasummal gaselo-gaselo nroal md haiag mntam-mntam mdjei paraccel yalo tdiaf hesdheamal, mdguheal hegasummal paraccel jaer sdtdiaf etu hesegpal md haiag muimas felooa pahat hal seap hesayat sdiaga ±14 gdlet. 6. Zdjtenlelo (Rdlyayatal) ; - @inm hepasalo paha fnihdr, rapemal sese atas sdkakar hdloal sese `awaf. - Fnihdr hepasalo paha gemrntng. Zayat hdloal mdtd`aial ±8-6 g. 5. Accexelo (Rdldgpdial) ; - @drsefmal odias `dlha hdloal aijnfni ?2% aoar `d`as idgam. - Xdtdsmal ai`ugel paha odias `dlha, onsnm rata. - @dre aquahds sdjumuplya. - Idtammal peta sayatal (jnupds) he atas aquahds. - Relhafmal odias `dlha md atas fnt piatd hdloal sufu

±42˛J, atur pnsese peta nroal, `earmal sagpae aquahds mdrelo. 12. Ztaelelo ; - Hdparacelase ; Kareloal hegasummal md haiag xyini sdiaga :x0 gdlet. - Pdfehrase ; Hdloal aijnfni hare telooe md rdlhaf (53%, 62%, ?2%, 42%, hal :2% gaselo-gaselo `d`drapa jdiupal. - Juje hdloal aer gdloaier, sdtdiaf etu jdiupmal md haiag aquahds saiaga 4-12 gdlet. - _arlae hdloal fdgatnxeiel (14 hdtem), mdguheal juje hdloal aer gdloaier. Jdm he `awaf gemrnsmnp. - _arlae iaoe hdloal dnsel

 

sdiaga 14 gdlet, juje iaoe hdloal aer gdloaier. Mdguheal jdm he  `awaf gemrnsmnp. - Hdfehrase ; Hdloal aijnfni `drtelomat ?2%, 62%, 52%, 52 %, hal 53% (:x `d`drapa gdlet). - Jidarelo ; Hdloal xyini sdiaga :x `d`drapa gdlet. 11. Gnultelo ; Xutup hdloal Jalaha @aisag hal odias pdlutup, felhare tdr`dltum odidg`ulo uhara. 10. Ia`diielo 1:. Rdgdremsaal ; He `awaf gemrnsmnp.

 

ZNAI; a. Kema he`utufmal iarutal oarag ceseninoes 2,5% ss`alyam 1222 gI,  `drapa or LaJi yo heteg`alo> heteg`alo>  `. Kema eloel gdg`uat gdg`uat asag pekrat kdlum sd`alyam 422 g gI, I, `drspa or asag pekrst yo heteg`alo hal `drapa `ym dtalni 54% yo he`utufmal j. Kema cnrgaiel 82%, heag`ei 12 gI, iaiu hetag`afmal amuahds sagpae 122 gI. Kahe `drapa mnlsdltrase cnrgaiel etu sdmaralo>

Kawa`al snai ! A) 2,5% Laji 7 gasa Laji x 122% 1222 Gasa Laji 7 2,5 x 1222 122 7 5 orag @) 54% dtalni7 gasa asag pemrat x 122% 422 Gasa asag pemrat 7 54x 422 122 7 8?4 orag

J) %1 x S1 7 %0 x S0 12 x 82% 7 122x %0 %0 7 82 x 12 7 8% 122