Laporan Praktikum Sedimentasi

 

 

Njpmrjk Xrjitfiua Fkstruisfmkjn F

PBGFABKWJPF

Gfsusuk mnbe < Ibnmapmi 5 :.  Ifktjk Jgfstey Xutrf

(:6:287:882) (:6:287:882)

3.  A. Sjdnf Jicjr

(:6:287:836) (:6:287:836)

0.  Jabnfj Mitjvfjkf

(:6:287:803) (:6:287:803)

7.  Ejagjkf Dfrajksyje

(:6:287:87 (:6:287:87:) :)

2.  Gbsrj Kursjputrf

(:6:287:823) (:6:287:823)

4.  Autfj Punej

(:6:287:847) (:6:287:847)

Njcmrjtmrfua Mpbrjsf Wbikfi Ifafj Lurusjk Wbikfi Ifafj Djiuntjs Wbikfi Rkfvbrsftjs Njapuko 383:

f

 

 

GJDWJS FPF 

@MTBS ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ......................f GJDWJS FPF ..................................................... ............................................................................................................ .................................................................. ........... ff CJC F XBKGJERNRJK XBKGJERNRJK ............................................................................................... ...............................................................................................0 CJC FF WFKLJRJK XRPWJIJ...................................................................................... ......................................................................................2 CJC FFF ABWMGMNMOF ABWMGMNMOF XBS@MCJJK XBS@MCJJK..................................................................... .....................................................................:2 CJC FT EJPFN XBKOJAJWJK XBKOJAJWJK GJK XBACJEJPJK .........................................:? CJC T IBPFAXRNJK IBPFAXRNJK .............................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................... 30 GJDWJ XRPWJIJ............................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ............37 NJAXFSJK NJAXFSJ K............................................. .................................................................................................... .......................................................................... ...................32 GJWJ XBKOJAJWJK XBKOJAJWJK...................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ..........34 XBSEFWRKOJK XBSEFWR KOJK ......................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... .. 36 GMIRABKWJPF GMIRAB KWJPF ........................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................... ..0?

ff

 

 

CJC F XBKGJERNRJK

:.: Njtjr Cbnjijko Pbgfabktjsf abrupjijk sjnje sjtu `jrj pbafsjejk jktjrj imapmkbk jtju

 pjrtfibn cbrgjsjrijk pbrcbgjjk gbksftjskyj abnjnuf abgfua jnfr. Mnbe ijrbkj ftu,  cfjsjkyj pbafsjejk tbrsbcut cbrnjkosuko njaj, tbrutjaj lfij pbrcbgjjk gbksftjs jktjr imapmkbk tbrsbcut tfgji cbrcbgj ljue. Pb`jrj vfsujn, sbgfabktjsf abrupjijk pbafsjejk suspbksf abkljgf guj drjisf yjftu drjisf supbrkjtjk (drjisf yjko lbrkfe) gjk drjisf pjgjt pjgj imksbktrjsf yjko nbcfe tfkoof. Gjnja prjitbi, sbgfabktjsf gjpjt gfnjiuijk sb`jrj cjt`e (tbrputus-putus uktui sbtfjp sjtujk vmnuab jtju cbrjt cjejk yjko jijk gfpfsjeijk pbr sjtujk wjitu) jtju sb`jrj imktfkyu (tbrus abkbrus). Xrmsbs cjt`e sbrfko gfpbroukjijk gjnja sijnj njcmrjtmrfua yjko abkoojacjrijk prmsbs sbgfabktjsf sbgbrejkj, sbgjkoijk  prmsbs `mktfkub gfpbroukjijk gjnja sijnj imabrsfjn gbkojk abapbrtfacjkoijk ib`bpjtjk pbkobkgjpjk tbrafkjn gjrf pjrtfibn-pjrtfibnkyj. Xbr`mcjjk

sijnj

njcmrjtmrfua

gfnjiuijk

pjgj

sueu ukfdmra uktui

abkoefkgjrf obrjijk dnufgj jtju imkvbisf ijrbkj pbrcbgjjk gbksftjs yjko gfejsfnijk gjrf pbrcbgjjk sueu. Rlf pbkobkgjpjk sb`jrj cjt`e gfnjiuijk uktui abkoojacjrijk abijkfsab pbkobkgjpjk gjk abtmgb pbkbktujk ib`bpjtjk  pbkobkgjpjk. Ib`bpjtjk pbkobkgjpjk (sbgfabktjtfmk rjtb) gjpjt gftbktuijk gbkojk abkojajtf tfkoof fktbrdj`b (jktjr djsb) sbcjojf dukosf wjitu yjko gfcbrfijk gjk abkoojacjrijk tjkobk pjgj iurvj yjko gfpbrmnbe gjrf pbreftukojk. Rktui abapbraugje prmsbs sbnjklutkyj gjnja sujtu pbkomnjejk pbrnu gfnjiuijk pbafsjejk imapmkbk-imapmkbk imapmkbk-imapmkbk gjrf sujtu `japurjk abkljgf drjisfdrjisf fkgfvfgujn. Gjnja prjitbi pbafsjejk abijkfs gjpjt gfjiuijk gbkojk `jrj sbgfabktjsf (pbkobkgjpjk), sbktrfduosjsf (pbausfkojk), dfntrjsf (pbkyjrfkojk) gjk njfk sbcjojfkyj. Xjgj sbgfabktjsf jktjrj pjrtfibn gfpfsjeijk cbrgjsjrijk  pbrcbgjjk gbksftjs abnjnuf sujtu abgfua jnfr, pjgj sbktrfduojsf pbafsjejk jktjr

0

 

 

 pjrtfibn pjgjt-`jfr tbrljgf ijrbkj pbrcbgjjk uiurjk pjrtfibn yjko gfnbwjtijk abnjnuf abgfua cbrpmrf. Xrmsbs pbkobkgjpjk sjkojt gfpbkojruef mnbe imksbktrjsf snurry, ijrbkj  lfij imksbktrjsfkyj `uiup tfkoof, pbrobrjijk gjrf pjrtfibn pjgjtjk gjnja snurry  `uiup ib`fn uktui gjpjt abkobkgjp sbapurkj. Cbrcbgj ejnkyj gbkojk imksbktrjsf snurry yjko ib`fn pbrobrjijk pjrtfibn pjgjtjk gjnja snurry luoj jijk abapbkojruef prmsbs pbkobkgjpjk. Lfij pjrtibn pjgjtjk yjko jgj gjnja snurry  abafnfif gfjabtbr pjgjtjk gjk gbksftjs pjgjtjk ib`fn ajij ib`bpjtjk  pbkobkgjpjkpuk jijk njaj. Pbcjnfikyj cfnj snurry  abafnfif gfjabtbr gjk gbksftjs nbcfe cbsjr. Ib`bpjtjk pbkobkgjpjk jijk `bpjt. Jgj cjkyji ejn yjko  pbrnu gfpbnjljrf gjnja prmsbs sbgfabktjsf. Ejn fkf yjko abnjtjrcbnjijkof ijaf uktui abnjiuijk prjitfiua sbgfabktjsf gbkojk abkooukjijk snurry  :.3 Wulujk Xbr`mcjjk

Jgjpuk Wulujk Xrjitfiua Pbgfabktjsf fkf jgjnje < :.  Abapbnjljrf dbkmabkj prmsbs pbkobkgjpjk pjrtfibn gf gjnja snurry  3.  Abk`jrf

eucukojk

jktjrj

ib`bpjtjk

sbgfabktjsf

pjrtfibn

gbkojk

imksbktrjsf snurry 

7

 

 

CJC FF WFKLJRJK XRPWJIJ 

3.:  Xbkobrtfjk Pbgfabktjsf

Pjnje sjtu `jrj pbafsjejk jktjrj pjgjtjk gbkojk `jfrjk gjrf sujtu snurry gjpjt gfnjiuijk sb`jrj sbgfabktjsf. Pbgfabktjsf jgjnje sujtu prmsbs pbkobkgjpjk  pjgjtjk gjnja `jfrjk ijrbkj ijr bkj jgjkyj ojyj orjvftjsf. orjvftjsf . Ibtfij sujtu pjrtfibn pjgjtjk  cbrjgj pjgj ljrji yjko `uiup ljue gjrf gfkgfko jtju pjrtfibn pjgjtjk njfkkyj ib`bpjtjk ljtuekyj tfgji gfpbkojruef mnbe obsbijk gfkgfko ajupuk gbkojk  pjrtfibn njfkkyj, pbrfstfwj fkf gfsbcut drbb sbttnfko. Ibtfij pjrtfibn pjgjtjk cbrjgj  pjgj ibjgjjk sjnfko cbrgbsjijk ajij pjrtfibn jijk abkobkgjp pjgj ib`bpjtjk rbkgje, pbrfstfwj fkf gfsbcut efkgbrbg sbttnfko (Objkimpnfs, 3880). Pbgfabktjsf abrupjijk prmsbs pbafsjejk njrutjk suspbksf abkljgf dnufgj  lbrkfesupbrkjtjkt  gjk  gjk snurry  yjko abkojkguko imksbktrjsf pjgjtjk nbcfe tfkoof. Njrutjk suspbksf tbrgfrf gjrf `japurjk djsb `jfr gjk djsb pjgjt yjko  cbrsfdjt sbttnbjcnb , gjpjt gfbkgjpijk ijrbkj pbrcbgjjk gbksftjs jktjr djsbkyj. Xrmsbs sbgfabktjsf gjpjt gfnjiuijk kbrj`j cjt`egjk `mktfkub. Xrmsbs cjt`e sbrfko gfpbroukjijk uktui sijnj njcmrjtmrfua yjko abkoojacjrijk prmsbs sbgfabktjsf sbgbrejkj, sbgjkoijk prmsbs `mktfkub gfpbroukjijk gjnja sijnj imabrsfjn gbkojk abapbrtfacjkoijk ib`bpjtjk pbkobkgjpjk tbrafkjn gjrf pjrtfibn pjrtfibnkyj. Xbr`mcjjk sijnj njcmrjtmrfua gfnjiuijk pjgj sueu ukfdmra uktui abkoefkgjrf obrjijk dnufgj jtju imkvbisf ijrbkj pbrcbgjjk gbksftjskyj yjko gfejsfnijk gjrf pbrcbgjjk sueu. Pbgfabktjsf abrupjijk sjnje sjtu `jrj yjko pjnfko bimkmafs uktui abafsjeijk pjgjtjk gjrf suspbksf, cucur jtju snurry. snurry.

Sjk`jkojk pbrjnjtjk

sbgfabktjsf sbnjnu gfgjsjrijk pjgj pbr`mcjjk sbgfabktjsf pjgj sijnj yjko nbcfe ib`fn.

Pbgfabktjsf abrupjijk pbrfstfwj turukkyj pjrtfibn pjgjt yjko sbaunj

tbrsbcjr abrjtj gjnja `jfrjk ijrbkj jgjkyj ojyj cbrjt, sbtbnje tbrljgf  pbkobkgjpjk `jfrjk lbrkfe gjpjt gfpfsjeijk gjrf zjt pjgjt yjko abkuapui gf gjsjr (bkgjpjk). 3.3  Djitmr-djitmr Vjko Abapbkojruef Ib`bpjtjk Xbkobkgjpjk 2

 

 

Gjnja sbgfabktjsf tbrgjpjt djitmr-djitmr yjko abapbkojruef ib`bpjtjk  pbkobkgjpjk, sbcjojf cbrfiut < j.  Riurjk pjrtfibn Lfij pjrtfibn pjgjtjk gjnja `jfrjk abapukyjf gfjabtbr gjk spbsfdf` orjvfty yjko sbrjoja sbrtj pjrtfibn  ‐  pjrtfibnkyj   pjrtfibnkyj gfs`rbtb (tfgji cbrsbktuejk) ajij ib`bpjtjk pbkobkgjpjk gftbktuijk gbkojk abkooukjijk euiua stmib. Xbrsjajjk stmib yjko gfoukjijk uktui cbktui pjrtfibn pjgjtjk spebrbs.

 10

 

Ibtbrjkojk < DG  1 Grjo dmr`b (K) ψ  1 Djitmr 0,:7 ξ  1 vfsimsftjs `jfrjk (io/a.s) GX  1 gfjabtbr pjrtfibn (a) v

1 ib`bpjtjk jnfrjk dnufgj abkgbijtf spebrbs(a/s)

Jijk tbtjpf lfij pjrtfibn tfgji sbrjoja ajij euiua stmib tfgji gjpjt gfoukjijk. Gbkojk gbafifjk uktui abkoeftuko ib`bpjtk sbgfabktjsfkyj ejrus gfnjiuijk bispbrfabk. Rktui pjrtfibn gbkojk spbsfdf` orjvfty gjk gbksftjs yjko sjaj ajij pjrtfibn gbkojk gfjabtbr pjrtfibn yjko pjnfko cbsjr yjko jijk abkobkgjp jtju sjapjf gf gjsjr cji tbrnbcfe gjeunu ibaugfjk gffiutf pjrtfibn ‐  pjrtfibn ‐  pjrtfibn  pjrtfibn njfk gbkojk uiurjkkyj yjko nbcfe ib`fn.

 c.  Cbktui pjrtfibn Cbktui pjrtfibn pjgjtjk abrupjijk imkdfourjsf pjrtfibn gjk jgj eucukojkkjy gbkojk uiurjk jtju imapmsfsf pjrtfibn. Cbcbrjpj sejpb dj`tmr jtju djitmr cbktui uktui cbrcjojf pjrtfibn gfkyjtjijk pjgj pbrsjajjk <

 1 (ß) /

 

Ibtbrjkojk < 4

 

 

PX  1 djitmr cbktui @ 1 pjkljko pjkljko yjko tbrpjkljko yjko yjko abnjnuf pjrtfibn pjgjtjk J 1 fktbrabgfbt yjko abnjnuf pjrtfibn pjgjtjk C 1 suacu pmtmko tbrpbkgbi yjko yjko abnjnuf abnjnuf pjrtfibn pjgjtjk

Djitmr cbktui uktui pjrtfibn pjgjtjk cbrcbktui spebrbs jgjnje :,8. Xjrtfibn qujtrz abafnfif djitmr cbktui rjtj ‐  rjtj  ‐  rjtj  rjtj 8,?.

`.  Gbksftjs pjrtfibn Gbksftjs jgjnje ajssj pbr sjtujk vmnuab. Gbksftjs pjrtfibn pjgjtjk sjkojt tbrojktuko pjgj cbktui pjrtfibn. pjrtfibn pjgjtjk gbkojk uiurjk jtju vmnuab (afsjn gfjabtbr pjrtfibn) cbsjr cbnua tbktu abkobkgjp tbrnbcfe gjeunu ijrbkj ajssj gjk gbksftjskyj cbnua tbktu nbcfe tfkoof gfcjkgfkoijk gbkojk pjrtfibn  pjgjtjk cbruiurjk ib`fn (gfjabtbr pjrtfibn ib`fn). Xjrtfibn pjgjtjk yjko abafnfif cbktui sjaj, vmnuabkyj gjpjt gfuiur abnjnuf pbkouiurjk rbounjr sbgjkoijk ajssjkyj gfibtjeuf gbkojk abkouiur cbrjtkyj pjgj sujtu sijnj tbrtbktu. Sjsfm ajssj pjrtfibn sbrcui cjtu ijpur tbrejgjp vmnuabkyj abkoejsfnijk gbksftjs.

1ß 1 

 

 

Ibtbrjkojk <

a 1 ajssj pjrtfibn cjtu sbrcui cjtu ijpur w 1 cbrjt pjrtfibn cjtu sbrcui cjtu ijpur o 1 pbr`bpjtjk orjvftjsf

ϊ 1 gbksftjs pjrtfibn cjtu sbrcui cjtu ijpur   v 1 vmnuab pjrtfibn cjtu sbrcui cjtu ijpur

?

 

 

Cfjsjkyj pbreftukojk gbksftjs pjrtfibn pjgjtjk abapbrtfacjkoijk spb`fdf` orjvfty-kyj. Xjrtfibn pjgjtjk abkobkgjp lfij gbksftjskyj nbcfe cbsjr gfcjkgfkoijk gbksftjs dnufgj.

 1  7(0)

 

Ibtbrjkojk < vt 

< ib`bpjtjk tbrafkjn (a/s)

ϊX 

< gbksftjs pjrtfibn pjgjtjk (io/a0)

ϊ 

< gbksftjs snurry (io/a0)

o

< orjvftjsf (a/s3)

@G 

< grjo `mbddf`fbkt (tjkpj gfabksf)

g.  Cbrjt lbkfs pjrtfibn Cbrjt lbkfs jtju spb`fdf` wbfoet jgjnje cbrjt pbr sjtujk vmnuab. Eucukojk jktjrj gbksftjs gbkojk spb`fdf` orjvfty gfkyjtjijk gjnja pbrsjajjk <

1

 

Ibtbrjkojk < 3

3

ΰ