Laporan Praktikum Petrografi Batuan Sedimen Klastik

HKQJWKO QWKISNIVL QFSWJBWK@N GKSVKO TFCNLFO IHKTSNI

Cnsusuo Jhfe= Khfxkocrj Dernstnko Cklkoni 7;;11;;0;31150

HKGJWKSJWNVL HKGJWKSJWNVL TVLGFW CK^K LNOFWKH CKO GKSVGKWK CFQKWSFLFO SFIONI BFJHJBN @KIVHSKT SFIONI VONPFWTNSKT CNQJOFBJWJ

TFLKWKOB JISJGFW 71;2

HFLGKW QFOBFTKEKO

Hkpjrko Qrkitniul Qftrjbrk`n, kdkrk Gktuko Tfcnlfo Ihkstni ykob cnsusuo jhfe Khfxkocrj Dernstnko Cklkoni, ykob cnskeiko pkck = Ekrn

=

Skobbkh

=

Quiuh

=

Tfgkbkn tubks Hkpjrko Qrkiniul lktk Iuhnke Qftrjbrk`n.

Tflkrkob, ;5 Jitjgfr 71;2 Ksnstfo Kdkrk

Kstrn ^uontk  ONL 7;;11;;3;3110; 7;;11;;3;3110;

Qrkitniko

Khfxkocrj Dernstnko Cklkoni ONL 7;;11;;0;31150 7;;11;;0;31150

GKG N QFOCKEVHVKO

;.;

Lkisuc 

Lfobftkeun tfistur ulul pkck gktuko sfcnlfo ihkstni



Lfobftkeun ijlpjsnsn ykob tfrckpkt pkck gktuko sfcnlfo ihkstni lfhnputn `rkblfo, lktrnis, cko sflfo



;.7

Lfobftkeun pfoklkko gktuko sfcnlfo ihkstni gfrckskriko ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo ;>26 Sumuko



Ckpkt lfobftkeun tfistur cko pkck gktuko sfcnlfo



Ckpkt lfobftkeun lnofrkh lnofrkh, mfons sflfo ykob tfrckpkt pkck gktuko sfcnlfo ihkstni

;.4



Ckpkt lfobftkeun prjvfokodf lfobftkeun prjvfokodf suktu gktuko ckrn ijlpjsnsn



Ckpkt lfoklkiko gktuko sfcnlfo ihkstni gfrckskriko ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo ;>26 Rkitu cko Sflpkt Qfhkiskokko

Ekrn/Skobbkh = Wkgu 3 Jitjgfr 71;2 (Qfobklktko ;) Wkgu ;; Jitjgfr 71;2 (Qfobklktko 7) Rkitu

= ;6.11  —  ;6.66  ;6.66

Sflpkt

= Hkgjrktjrnul Tulgfr Ckyk Lnofrkh cko Gktugkrk, Cfpkrtflfo

Sfioni Bfjhjbn, Vonvfrsntks Cnpjofbjrj

GKG NN EKTNH CFTIWNQTN

HKGJWKSJWNVL QFSWJBWK@N QWJBWKL TSVCN SFIONI BFJHJBN VONPFWTNSKT CNQJOFBJWJ  HFLGKW CFTIWNQTN CFTIWNQTN Skobbkh Qfobklktko

3 Jitjgfr 71;2

Qfobklkt

Khfxkocrj Dernstnko Cklkoni / 7;;11;;0;31150 7;;11;;0;31150

 Oj. Tkyktko

K^ 70

Qfrgfskrko

;1 x

Mfons gktuko

Tfcnlfo Ihkstni

Sfistur ulul Viurko gutnr 7 ll Gfotui gutnr  Enbe Tpfrndnty Ifguockrko Wjuocfc Tjrtksn  Qjjrhysjrtfc  Iflks Sfrtutup Ijotki gutnr Hjob Qjrjsntks Qrnlfr, notfrpkrtndhf Ijlpjsnsn

Brknos Qhkbnjihks, Wjdi @rkblfo, Gnjtnt, Iukrsk, Lnofrkh Jpkq

 Lktrnx Qhkbnjihks

Dflfot Ikhsnt

LQ ;

LQ 7

LQ 4

Ift = J = Lnofrkh jpk; 71% H = Hntend ;1% Qh = Qhkbnjihks ;6% [z = Iukrsk ;1% G = Gnjtnt 6% L = Lktrnis 41% D = Tflfo Ikhsnt ;1%

Ift = Qh = Qhkbnjihks 71% [z = Iukrsk ;6% H = Hntend ;1% J = Lnofrkh jpkq ;1% L = Lktrnis Hflpuob 41% D = Tflfo Ikhsnt ;6%

Ift = Qh = Qhkbnjihks ;6% [z = Iukrsk 71% J = Lnofrkh jpkq ;1% H = Hntend ;6% G = Gnjtnt 6% L = Lktrnis 76% D = Tflfo ;1%

Sjtkh Ijlpjsnsn

B

L

D

01%

41%

;1%

B

L

D

66%

41%

;6%

B

L

D

06%

76%

;1%

01% 75,4% ;;,0%

 Oklk gktuko

[ukrtz Rkdif (Qfttnmjeo, ;>26)

Qftrjbfofsk

Cnnotfrprftksniko lflnhnin ifsfrkbklko gutnr pjjrhy gutnr pjjrhy sfenobbk  sfenobbk tfrgfotui cfobko wkitu duiup hklk. Gutnrko ykob lflgfotui lflnhnin ijotki hjob sfenobbk sucke lfobkhkln ijlpiksn. Lktfr nis sfcnlfo tfrckpkt gkoyki lnofrkh hflpuob. h flpuob.

 Lkturnty

Nllkturf

HKGJWKSJWNVL QFSWJBWK@N QWJBWKL TSVCN SFIONI BFJHJBN VONPFWTNSKT CNQJOFBJWJ  HFLGKW CFTIWNQTN CFTIWNQTN Skobbkh Qfobklktko

3 Jitjgfr 71;2

Qfobklkt

Khfxkocrj Dernstnko Cklkoni / 7;;11;;0;31150 7;;11;;0;31150

 Oj. Tkyktko

NM / Efrlkwko Srn Dkeyj

Qfrgfskrko

;1 x

Mfons gktuko

Tfcnlfo Ihkstni

Sfistur ulul Viurko gutnr 7 ll Gfotui gutnr Enbe spfrndnty Ifguockrko Wjuocfc Tjrtksn Rfhhsjrtfc  Iflks Sfrtutup Ijotki gutnr Qjnot Qjrjsntks

Qrnlfr,Notrkpkrtndhf

Ijlpjsnsn Qhkbnjihks = Rkrok gfonob, iflgkrko Dkrhsgkc-khgnt Iukrsk = Rkrok gfonob, rfhnf` rfocke, bfhkpko gfrbfhjlgkob Brknos Lnofrkh Jpkq = Rkrok entkl pkck QQH, UQH, cko gkmn iukrsk

 Lktrnx ;1%

Dflfot

Ikhsnt Krkbjont

LQ ;

LQ 7

LQ 4

Ift = L= Lktrnis ;6% [z = Iukrsk 6% Q = Qhkbnjihks = 71% J = Lnofrkh Jpkq = 76% T = Tflfo Ikhsnt = 71% H = Hntend ;6%

Ift = L= Lktrnis 76% [z = Iukrsk 76% Q= Qhkbnjihks ;6% T= Tflfo Ikhsnt ;6% J = Lnofrkh Jpkq ;6% H = Hntend 6%

Ift = [z = Iukrsk 76% Q = Qhkbnjihks 71% J = Lnofrkh jpkq ;1% H = Hntend 6% L = Lktrnis 71% T = Tflfo Ikhsnt ;6% Tflfo Krkbjontf 6%

Sjtkh Ijlpjsnsn

B

L

D

06%

;6%

71%

B

L

D

01%

76%

;6%

B

L

D

01%

71%

71%

07%

71% ;5,4%

 Oklk gktuko

 Hntend Rkdif (Qfttnmjeo, Rkdif (Qfttnmjeo, ;>26)

Qftrjbfofsk

Gfrckskriko eksnh pfobklktko, tfrckpkt iflks tfrguik, ifguockrko kobuhkr, gfotui gutnr enbe spfrndnty cnikrfokiko tfrckpkt rukob cnkotkrk `rkblfo cko lktrnis. Ijotki pjnot cko pjrjsntks notfrdrystkhnof. Qrjsfs cnkbfofsns duiup notfos cko pflgfotuikooyk tfrckpkt khnrko turgncnt ikrfok sjrtksn ykob gurui cko iflks tfrguik

 Lkturnty

Nllkturf - Lkturf

HKGJWKSJWNVL QFSWJBWK@N QWJBWKL TSVCN SFIONI BFJHJBN VONPFWTNSKT CNQJOFBJWJ  HFLGKW CFTIWNQTN CFTIWNQTN Skobbkh Qfobklktko

3 Jitjgfr 71;2

Qfobklkt

Khfxkocrj Dernstnko Cklkoni / 7;;11;;0;31150 7;;11;;0;31150

 Oj. Tkyktko

Cnon ;7;110;1

Qfrgfskrko

;1 x

Mfons gktuko

Tfcnlfo Ihkstni

Sfistur ulul Viurko gutnr 7 ll Gfotui gutnr Ifguockrko Tjrtksn Iflks Ijotki gutnr Qjrjsntks Ijlpjsnsn

Brknos -

 Lktrnx ;11%

Dflfot -

LQ ;

Ift =

B

L

D

L = Lktrnis Hflpuob ;11%

LQ 7

Ift =

B

L

D

L = Lktrnis Hflpuob ;11%

LQ 4

Ift =

B

L

D

L = Lktrnis Hflpuob ;11%

Sjtkh Ijlpjsnsn

;11%

 Oklk gktuko

 Lucrjdi  (Qfttnmjeo,  (Qfttnmjeo, ;>26)

Qftrjbfofsk

Gfrckskriko pfobklktko pftrjbrk`n, skyktko non lflnhnin uiurko  gutnr 8;/760 ll sfenobbk suhnt uotui cncfsirnpsn sfdkrk pftrjbrk`n. Gfotui gutnr, iflks, sjrtksn, ijotki gutnr cko pjrjsntks mubk tncki ckpkt cncfsirnpsn ikrfok tfrhkhu ifdnh. Gktuko non tfrs usuo ktks ;11% lktrnis hflpuob. hflpuob. Cnnotfrprftksniko gktuko non lfobkhkln trksopjrtksn ykob mkue ckrn prjvfokodf, lfobkhkln kgrksn ykob notfos cfobko fofrby frjsn tnobbn, tfrtrkospjrtksn sfdkrk suspfosn cko tfrfockpiko cfobko fofrby ykob tnobbn. Lfobkhkln cnkbfofsns enobbk tkekp ijlpkisn cko sflfotksn. Gfrckskriko tfistur cko ijlpjsnsnoyk, gktuko non lflnhnin lkturnty gfrupk nllkturf.

 Lkturnty

Nllkturf

HKGJWKSJWNVL QFSWJBWK@N QWJBWKL TSVCN SFIONI BFJHJBN VONPFWTNSKT CNQJOFBJWJ  HFLGKW CFTIWNQTN CFTIWNQTN Skobbkh Qfobklktko

;; Jitjgfr 71;2

Qfobklkt

Khfxkocrj Dernstnko Cklkoni / 7;;11;;0;31150 7;;11;;0;31150

 Oj. Tkyktko

TSK 22 FK Mklgn

Qfrgfskrko

;1 x

Mfons gktuko

Tfcnlfo Ihkstni

Sfistur ulul Viurko gutnr 7 ll Gfotui gutnr Enbe Tpfrfdnty Ifguockrko Kobuhkr Tjrtksn  Qjjrhysjrtfc  Iflks Sfrguik Ijotki gutnr Hjob Qjrjsntks

Notrkpkrtndhf

Ijlpjsnsn Qhkbnjihks Iukrsk Brknos Gnjtnt Lnofrkh jpkq

 Lktrnx Iukrsk ;1%

Dflfot

Ikhsnt Cjhjlnt

LQ ;

LQ 7

LQ 4

Ift = [z = Iukrsk 71% Q = Qhkbnjihks 71% J = Lnofrkh Jpkq ;1% H = Hntend ;6% L = Lktrnis ;6% D = Tflfo Ikhsnt 71%

Ift = [z = Iukrsk 76% H = Hntend 71% J = Lnofrkh jpkq 6% Qh = Qhkbnjihks ;1% L = Lktrnis Iukrsk ;6% D = Tflfo Cjhjlnt 71% Tflfo Krkbjontf 6%

Ift = [z = Iukrsk ;6%% J = Lnofrkh jpkq ;1% H = Hntend 6% L = Lktrnis 71% D = Tflfo 36% Qh = Qhkbnjihks 6%

Sjtkh Ijlpjsnsn  Oklk gktuko

Qftrjbfofsk

 Lkturnty

B

L

D

06%

;6%

71%

B

L

D

06%

;6%

76%

B

L

D

46%

71%

36%

66% ;0,0%

41%

 @fhcspktend Brkywkdif (Qfttnmjeo, Brkywkdif (Qfttnmjeo, ;>26) Gfrckskriko pfobklktko pftrjbrk`n, skyktko non lflnhnin uiurko gutnr 6 ll, gfotui gutnr hjw spefrfdnty, iflks tfrguik, sjrtksn gurui, ijotki  gutnr pjnot cko pjrjsntks notfrdrystkh. Gktuko non tfrsusuo ktks 66% Brkno, ;0,0% Lktrnis, cko 41% Tflfo. Cnnotfrprftksniko Cnnotfrpr ftksniko gktuko non lfobkhkln lfobkhkln trksopjrtksn ykob mkue ckrn prjvfokodf, lfobkhkln kgrksn ykob notfos cfobko fofrby frjsn tnobbn, tfrtrkospjrtksn sfdkrk skhtksn cko tfrfockpiko cfobko fofrby ykob rfocke . Lfobkhkln cnkbfofsns enobbk tkekp ijlpkisn, rfirnstkhnsksn, sflfotksn cko kutenbfofsns. Gfrckskriko tfistur cko ijlpjsnsnoyk, gktuko non lflnhnin lkturnty gfrupk nllkturf suglkturf.

Tuglkturf - Lkturf

GKG NNN QFLGKEKTKO

Qrkitniul Qftrjbrk`n kdkrk Gktuko Tfcnlfo Ihkstni cnhkiskokiko pkck Ekrn Tfono, 7 Jitjgfr 71;2 cko cn Wukob 417 Bfcuob Qfrtklnok Tuijwktn Sfioni Bfjhjbn Vonvfrsntks Cnpjofbjrj. Qrkitniko cngfrniko gfgfrkpk skyktko gktuko ykob iflucnko cnklktn cngkwke lnirjsijp pjhkrnsksn. Qfobklktko skyktko gktuko cnhkiskokiko pkck 7 ikhn pfrtfluko ykntu  pkck Wkgu 3 Jitjgfr 71;2, cko ;; Jitjgfr

71;2. Qrkitniko lfobklktn tnkp skyktko

sfgkoyki 4 lfcko pkockob lfhnputn pfobklktko sfdkrk onijh sfmkmkr, onijh gfrsnhkob cko gkmn iukrsk cfobko lfocfsirnpsniko tfistur ulul, tfistur ieusus, cko ijlpjsnsn gktuko. Iflucnko prkitniko lfobnotfprftksn pftrjbfofsk cko lfobncfotn`niksn oklk gktuko  gfrckskriko ihksn`niksn

Qfttnmjeo ;>26 ykob cnhnekt ijlpjsnsn pfoyusuo gktuko. Kckpuo

skyktko gktuko ykob cnklktn kotkrk hkno cfobko ijcf pfrkbk K^ 70, NM Efrlkwko, Cnon, cko TSK 22 FK Mklgn

4.;

Tkyktko TSK 22

Gfrckskriko pfobklktko sfdkrk lnirjsijpns pfrgfskrko 3 ikhn cfobko 4 lfcko  pkockob ykob lksnob-lksnob lfhnputn pfobklktko QQH, UQH, cko Gkmn Iukrsk, skyktko TSK22 lfrupkiko gktuko sfcnlfo ihkstni. Tkyktko TSK22 lflnhnin uiurko gutnr 7ll cfobko pfrgfskrko ;1x. Lflnhnin gutnr pfoyusuo ykob gfrgfotui ifdnh cko lfoyucut ktku enbe spefrfdnty cfobko tfpn ykob rfhktnvf lfruodnob sfenobbk ifguockrkooyk Kobuhkr. Lflnhnin pflnhkeko gutnr ykob tncki sfrkbkl ktku pjjrhy sjrtfc cfobko gutnr gutnr ykob iurkob gfrenlpntko sfenobbk iflksoyk tfrguik. Gutnroyk gfrenlpntko pkck sktu tntni cko lflkomkob sfenobbk ijotki gutnr hjob. Sfrckpkt rjobbk-rjobbk cnkotkrk brkno cfobko brkno sfenobbk lflnhnin pjrjsntks notfrpkrtndhf. Gktuko non tfrsusuo ktks 4 ijlpjofo ykntu brknos, lktrnx, cko sflfo. Brknos pkck skyktko non tfrcnrn ckrn gfgfrkpk  mfons, brkno pfrtklk lflnhnin ifoklpkiko wkrok enmku tuk, tfrsusuo ktks ktk s lnofrkh k`kont, cko lflnhnin gktks ykob mfhks ktku cnsfgut Hntend. Brkno ifcuk lflnhnin wkrok entkl  pkck QQH, UQH, cko gkmn iukrsk, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko Lnofrkh Jpkq. Brkno iftnbk lflnhnin wkrok gfonob, rfhnf` rfocke, bfhkpko gfrbfhjlgkob, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko Iukrsk. Ijlpjofo ykob ifcuk ykntu lktrnis gfruiurko skobkt ekhus (8 ;/760 ll) ykob lflnhnin wkrok djihkt pkck QQH, gfrwkrok entkl pkck UQH, cko gfrwkrok lfrke luck  pkck Gkmn iukrsk, cnnotfrprftksniko lktrnis non kckhke hflpuob. Ijlpjofo iftnbk ykntu sflfo ykob gfr`uobsn lfobnikt brknos cko lktrnis. Qkck skyktko non lflnhnin sflfo

cfobko bfhkpko bfhjlgkob pkck UQH, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko sflfo ikhsnt. Tfhkno ntu  mubk tfrckpkt sflfo cfobko dnrn-dnrn tfrckpkt `ngrjus sfenobbk sflfo ntu kckhke krkbjontf. Gfrniut kckhke tkghf ijlpjsnsn cko ifoklpkiko skyktko Skgfh 4.4 Ijlpjsnsn skyktko TSK 22

LQ;

LQ 7

LQ 4

Wktk-rktk

Iukrsk

71%

76%

71%

7;,02%

@fhcspkr

71%

;1%

6%

;;,02%

Lnofrkh Jpkq

;1%

6%

;1%

5,44%

Hntend/Wjdi

;6%

71%

6%

;4,44%

@rkblfo

Skgfh 4.3 Ifoklpkiko Qftrjbrk`n Tkyktko TSK 22

Lfcko

QQH

UQH

Gkmn Iukrsk

Qkockob Lfcko Qkockob N TSK 22

Lfcko Qkockob NN

Lfcko Qkockob NNN

Gfrckskriko ijlpjsnsnoyk, gktuko non ckpkt cngfrn pfoklkko gfrckskriko Ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo, ;>26. Gktuko non lflnhnin lktrnis cfobko ifhnlpkeko ;0,0% sfenobbk lfobbuokiko sfbntnbk Rkdif. Lflnhnin Hntend cfobko ifhnlpkeko 75,7%,

Iukrsk cfobko ifhnlpkeko 36,0%, cko `fhcspkr 74,>% Tfenobbk gktuko non lflnhnin oklk @fhcspktend oklk @fhcspktend Brkywkdif (Qfttnmjeo,;>26) Brkywkdif (Qfttnmjeo,;>26)

Bklgkr 4.0 Ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo, ;>26

Gfrckskriko tfistur ulul pkck skyktko non, ckpkt cnnotfrprftksniko prjsfs ykob cnkhkln jhfe gktuko non. Gfrckskriko uiurko gutnroyk ykob gfruiurko 7 ll ckpkt cnnotfrprftksniko gktuko non sucke lfobkhkln trksopjrtksn ckrn prjvfokodfoyk. Qrjsfs trkospjrtksn ykob non lfoyfgkgiko gktuko lfobkhkln pfhkpuiko cko frjsn, sfenobbk uiurko gutnroyk lfomkcn sflkino ifdnh. Gfotui gutnr ykob enbe spefrfdnty cfobko ifguockrko sug kobuhkr lfouomuiiko gktuko non tfrtrkospjrt hulkyko mkue ckrn  prjvfokodfoyk. Lflgutueiko fofrby ykob tnobbn uotui lfobfrjsn gktuko lfomkcn uiurko gutnr hfgne ekhus, ykob iflucnko ckpkt tfrtrkospjrtksn cfobko gkni. Gutnrko sfcnlfo non kiko tfrfockpiko gnhk kbfo trkospjrtksn sucke tncki lklpu lflgkwkoyk hkbn, sfenobbk lflgutueiko fofrby cfpjsnsn ykob ykob rfocke. Tjrtksn ykob  pjjrhy  sjrtfc sfrtk iflks ykob tfrguik lfouomuiiko gkewk tfrmkcn kckoyk pfrgfckkko `huituksn krus ykob skobkt snbon`niko pkck prjsfs cfpjsnsn. Cnnotfrprftksniko lktfrnkh  pfoysusuo gktuko non tfrfockpkiko pkck wkitu cko cfobko fofrbn pfobfockpko ykob tncki sklk, sfenobbk lfobfockpiko lktfrnkh cfobko uiurko gutnr ykob tncki sfrkbkl cko euguobko kotkr gutnr ykob rfhktnvf tncki skhnob lfobnikt. Ekh non lfobkingktiko cntfluiko rukob kotkr gutnr ktku pjrjsntks pkck gktuko non. Ijotki gutnr tnpf hjob lfouomuiko gkewk tnobikt cnkbfofsns lksne rfotko. Ijlpkisn gfhul cjlnoko lfobkingktiko lktfrnkh pfoyusuo gktuko tncki tfrpkcktiko sfdkrk sflpurok sfenobbk lksne tfrckpkt `hunck cko pjrjsntks pkck gktuko non, sftfhke prjsfs pflklpktko ykob iurkob sflpurok lkik cfobko gkotuko tfikoko lktfrnkh sfcnlfo tfrugkeiko lfomkcn  gktuko sfcnlfo jhfe prjsfs hntn`ndktnjo. Qrjsfs cnkbfofsns ckpkt tfrmkcn pkck ijocnsn

cfobko sueu hnobiuobko ;61  —  711  711jD, cfobko tfikoko 8 0 igkr sfrtk ckpkt tfrmkcn enobbk ifckhklko ;6 il. @ksf cnkbfofsns ykob cnkhklkn gktuko non ykntu ijlpkisn cnlkok tfrmkcn pflklpktko gutnrko sfcnlfo sktu tfrekckp ykob hkno kingkt tfikoko ckrn gfrkt  gfgko cnktksoyk. Iflucnko `ksf rfirnstkhnsksn rfirnst khnsksn cnklk tfrmkcn pfobirnstkhko iflgkhn suktu lnofrkh ckhkl suktu hkrutko inlnk ykob gfrkskh ckrn pfhkrutko lktfrnkh skcnlfo sfhklk cnkbfofsk ktku mkue skgfhuloyk. Iflucnko `ksf sflfotksn, cnlkok lktfrnkh ykob tfrfockpiko kiko tfrsflfotksn jhfe hkrutko inlnk ykob ckpkt lfobnikt kotkr brkno, pkck iksus gktuko non tfrsflfotksniko jhfe lnofrkh hflpuob, sflfo gnkskoyk tfrsusuo jhfe lktfrnkh kutenbfond. Iflucnko `ksf Kutenbfond ykntu tfrgfotuioyk lnofrkh gkru cn hnobiuobko cnkbfoftni, sfenobbk kckoyk lnofrkh tfrsfgut lfrupkiko pkrtnifh gkru ckhkl suktu sfcnlfo. Lnofrkh hflpuob nonhke ykob gfrpfrko lfobnikt lktfrnkh pfoysusuo  gktuko, lnofrkh hflpuob lfouomuiko hnobiuobko pfobfockpko cfobko krus tfokob. Skekpko cnkbfofsns pkck skyktko non tfrbjhjob if ckhkl tkekpko lfsjbfofsns cnlkok  gktuko lfobkhkln pflgfgkoko ykob duiup notfosn`.

(k)

(g)

Bklgkr 4.5 Skekp Cnkbfofsns (k) Ijlpkisn, (g) Tflfotksn

Gfrckskriko tfistur cko ijlpjsnsn pfoyusuooyk, ckpkt cniftkeun tnobikt iflktkobko ckrn gktuko non. Tfdkrk tfisturkh, gktuko non lflnhnin lktrnis ? 6%, cko Tjrtksn gurui sfenobbk cnnotfrprftksniko lflnhnin tnobikt iflktkobko suglkturf. Tfckobiko gfrckskriko ijlpjsnsnjokh, gktuko non tfrususo ktks lktrnis hflpuob cfobko  prfsfotksf ? 6 % sfenobbbk lflnhnin tnobikt iflktkobko nllkturf.

 Lkturn ty  Bklgkr 4.;1 Cnkbrkl  Lkturn

Gfrckskriko lktfrnkh pfoyusuo gktuko tfrsfgut lkik ckpkt cnnotfrprftksn gktuko kskh ckrn skyktko non. Gktuko non sfhurueoyk tfrsusuo ktks brkno,lktrnis, cko sflfo, cnlkok cntfluiko lnofrkh pfoyusuo iukrsk cko sflfo iukrsk. Gfrckskriko lktfrnkh  pfoyusuo gktuko non ckpkt cnnocniksniko gkewk  prjvfokodf   prjvfokodf  ckrn gktuko sfcnlfo non lfrupkiko eksnh prjsfs ckur uhkob pflgfotuiko lnofrkh gkru, sfhkno ntu tfrgfotui lksui cnkotkrk hflgke pkhuob cko sklucfrk/cnckfrke jrjbfoni hkhu tfrgfotui cfobko iktfbjrn rfdydhfc jrjbfo sfenobbk ckrn cnkbrkl  prjvfokodf  gfrckskriko ijlpjsnsn tfrgfotui cn ckfrke rfdydhfc jrjbfond

4.7

Tkyktko Cnon ;7;110;1

Gfrckskriko pfobklktko sfdkrk lnirjsijpns pfrgfskrko 3 ikhn cfobko 4 lfcko  pkockob ykob lksnob-lksnob lfhnputn pfobklktko QQH, UQH, cko Gkmn Iukrsk, skyktko Cnon ;7;110;1 lfrupkiko gktuko sfcnlfo ihkstni. Tkyktko Cnon ;7;110;1 lflnhnin uiurko gutnr 8;/760 ll ktku hflpuob (Rfotwjrte, ;>77). Gfotui gutnr, ifguockrko, sjrtksn, iflks, ijotki gutnr, cko pjrjsntks gktuko non tncki ckpkt cnklktn ikrfok uiurko ykob skobkt ekhus sfenobbk tfistur gutnr tncki tklpki mfhks lfsinpuo lfs inpuo tfhke lfobbuokiko lnirjsijp. Ekh non cnikrfokiko iftfrgktksko pfrgfskrko lnirjsijp. Gktuko non sfhurueoyk tfrsusuo jhfe lktrnis ykob gfruiurko skobkt ekhus (8 ;/760 ll) ykob lflnhnin wkrok djihkt pkck QQH, gfrwkrok entkl pkck UQH, cko gfrwkrok lfrke luck  pkc Gkmn iukrsk, cnnotfrprftksniko lktkrnis l ktkrnis non kckhke hflpuob cfobko ifhnlpkek ;11%  pkck gktuko. Gfrniut kckhke tkghf ijlpjsnsn cko ifoklpkiko ifoklpkiko skyktko SWN SRQ ;3. Skgfh 4.; Ijlpjsnsn skyktko SWN SRQ ;3

Ijlpjsnsn

LQ ;

LQ 7

LQ 4

Wktk-rktk

Ijlpjsnsn Iftfrkobko Brkno

-

-

-

-

-

Lktrnx

Hflpuob

;11%

;11%

;11%

;11%

Dflfot Skgfh 4.7 Ifoklpkiko Lnirjsijpns Tkyktko SWN SRQ ;3

Lfcko Qkockob

QQH

UQH

Gkmn Iukrsk

Lfcko Qkockob N

Lfcko Qkockob NN

Lfcko Qkockob NNN

Gfrckskriko ijlpjsnsnoyk, gktuko non ckpkt cngfrn pfoklkko gfrckskriko Ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo, ;>26. Gktuko non sfhurueoyk tfrsusuo ktks lktrnis hflpuob ;11%, lkik gktuko non lflnhnin oklk Lucrjdi gfrckskriko ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo, ;>26. Ihksn`niksn non lfobbuokiko pfrsfotksn ckrn lnofrkh iukrsk, `fhcspkr sfrtk `rkblfo  gktuko cko lflpfrtnlgkobiko ifhnlkeko lktrnis pkck skyktko tfrsfgut. Gktuko non sfhurueoyk tfrsusuo ktks lktrnis hflpuob ;11% sfenobbk lflnhnin oklk Lucrjdi  gfrckskriko Ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo, ;>26

Bklgkr 4.; Ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo, ;>26

Gfrckskriko tfistur ulul pkck skyktko non, ckpkt cnnotfrprftksniko prjsfs ykob cnkhkln jhfe gktuko non. Gfrckskriko uiurko gutnr ykob skobkt ekhus (8 ;/760 ll) ckpkt cnnotfrprftksniko gktuko non sucke tfrtrkospjrt mkue ckrn prjvfokodfoyk. Qrjsfs trkospjrtksn ykob mkue non lfoyfgkgiko gktuko lfobkhkln pfhkpuiko cko frjsn ykob notfos, sfenobbk uiurko gutnroyk lfomkcn sflkino ekhus cfobko ifguockrko rjuocfcwfhh rjuocfc. Lflgutueiko fofrby ykob tnobbn uotui lfobfrjsn gktuko lfomkcn uiurko  gutnr skobkt ekhus, ykob iflucnko ckpkt ckpkt tfrtrkospjrtksn. Gfrckskriko tfistur cko ijlpjsnsn pfoyusuooyk, ckpkt cniftkeun tnobikt iflktkobko ckrn gktuko non. Tfdkrk tfisturkh, gktuko non ekoyk ckpkt cncfsirnpsn uiurko  gutnroyk skmk sfenobbk cnnotfrprftksniko lflnhnin tnobikt iflktkobko nllkturf. Tfckobiko gfrckskriko ijlpjsnsnjokh, gktuko non tfrususo ktks lktrnis hflpuob cfobko  prfsfotksf ? 6 % sfenobbbk lflnhnin tnobikt iflktkobko nllkturf.

 Lkturn ty  Bklgkr 4.6 Cnkbrkl  Lkturn

Gfrckskriko lktfrnkh pfoyusuo gktuko tfrsfgut lkik ckpkt cnnotfrprftksn gktuko kskh ckrn skyktko non. Gktuko non sfhurueoyk tfrsusuo ktks lktrnis hflpuob, cnlkok lnofrkh hflpuob lfrupkiko lnofrkh ugkeko ckrn phkbnjihks. Cnnotfrprftksniko  prjvfokodf   prjvfokodf  ckrn gktuko sfcnlfo non gfrkskh ckrn gktuko gfiu notfrlfcnft gkoyki cnikrfokiko lnofrkh phkbnjihks lfrupkiko lnofrkh pflgfotui hflpuob.  Qrjvfokodf tfrsfgut ckpkt gfrupk Kocfsnt ykob tfrgfotui pkck zjok eypkgnskh iflucnko tfrsnobikp cnpfrluikko jhfe notrusn ktkupuo pfobkobiktko (uphn`t), (uphn`t), sfenobbk lfobkhkln pfhkpuiko

cko frjsn cko lktfrnkh pfoyusuooyk lfobkhkln prjsfs lfikons pflgfotuiko gktuko sfcnlfo.

4.4

Tkyktko NM

Gfrckskriko pfobklktko sfdkrk lnirjsijpns pfrgfskrko 3 ikhn cfobko 4 lfcko  pkockob ykob lksnob-lksnob lfhnputn pfobklktko QQH, UQH, cko Gkmn Iukrsk, skyktko NM lfrupkiko gktuko sfcnlfo ihkstni. Tkyktko NM lflnhnin uiurko gutnr 6ll. Lflnhnin  gutnr pfoyusuo ykob gfrgfotui lflgjhk ktku enbe spefrfdnty spefrf dnty cfobko tfpn ykob rfhktnvf tulpuh sfenobbk ifguockrkooyk rjuocfc. Lflnhnin pflnhkeko gutnr ykob sfrkbkl ktku wfhh sjrtfc cfobko gutnr-gutnr ykob skhnob gfrenlpntko sfenobbk iflksoyk tfrtutup. Gutnroyk rfhktnvf gfrenlpntko cko gfruiurko sklk gfskr sfenobbk lflnhnin ijotki gutnr  pjnot. Sfrckpkt rjobbk-rjobbk cnkotkrk brkno cfobko `jsnh `jrkl cko lnofrkh sfenobbk lflnhnin pjrjsntks notrkpkrtndhf. Gktuko non tfrsusuo ktks 4 ijlpjofo ykntu brknos, lktrnx, cko sflfo. Brknos pkck skyktko non tfrcnrn ckrn gfgfrkpk mfons. Brkno lflnhnin wkrok gfonob, cfobko iflgkrko Dkrhsgkc-khgnt, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko phkbnjihks. Brkno sfhkomutoyk lflnhnin wkrok gfonob, rfhnf` rfocke, bfhkpko gfrbfhjlgkob, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko iukrsk. Brkno iftnbk lflnhnin wkrok entkl pkck QQH, UQH, cko gkmn iukrsk, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko lnofrkh jpkq. Ijlpjofo ykob ifcuk ykntu lktrnis  gfruiurko skobkt sk obkt ekhus (8 ;/760 ll) ykob lflnhnin lflnhn in wkrok djihkt pkck QQH, gfrwkrok gfr wkrok entkl pkck UQH, cko gfrwkrok lfrke luck pkck Gkmn iukrsk, cnnotfrprftksniko lktrnis non kckhke hflpuob. Ijlpjofo iftnbk ykntu sflfo ykob gfr`uobsn lfobnikt brknos cko lktrnis. Qkck skyktko non lflnhnin sflfo cfobko bfhkpko bfhjlgkob pkck UQH, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko sflfo ikhsnt. Gfrniut kckhke tk ghf ijlpjsnsn cko ifoklpkiko skyktko

Skgfh 4.2 Ijlpjsnsn skyktko NM

LQ;

LQ 7

LQ 4

Wktk-rktk

Iukrsk

6%

41%

76%

41%

@fhcspkr

71%

;6%

71%

;5,4%

Lnofrkh Jpkq

76%

71%

;1%

;5,44%

Hntend/Wjdi

;6%

6%

6%

5,44%

@rkblfo

Skgfh 4.0 Ifoklpkiko Qftrjbrk`n Tkyktko NM

Lfcko Qkockob

QQH

UQH

Gkmn Iukrsk

Lfcko Qkockob N ;M

Lfcko Qkockob NN

Lfcko Qkockob NNN

Gfrckskriko ijlpjsnsnoyk, gktuko non ckpkt cngfrn pfoklkko gfrckskriko Ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo, ;>26. Gktuko non lflnhnin lktrnis cfobko ifhnlpkeko 71% sfenobbk lfobbuokiko sfbntnbk Rkdif. lflnhnin Hntend cfobko ifhnlpkeko ;3,75%, Iukrsk cfobko ifhnlpkeko 64,6%, cko @fhcspkr cfobko ifhnlpkeko 47,;3%. Tfenobbk  gktuko non lflnhnin oklk Hntend Rkdif(Qfttnmjeo,;>26)

Bklgkr 4.;; Ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo, ;>26

Gfrckskriko tfistur ulul pkck skyktko non, ckpkt cnnotfrprftksniko prjsfs ykob cnkhkln jhfe gktuko non. Gfrckskriko uiurko gutnroyk ykob gfruiurko 7 ll ckpkt cnnotfrprftksniko gktuko non sucke lfobkhkln trksopjrtksn ckrn prjvfokodfoyk. Qrjsfs

trkospjrtksn ykob non lfoyfgkgiko gktuko lfobkhkln pfhkpuiko cko frjsn, sfenobbk uiurko gutnroyk lfomkcn sflkino ifdnh. Gfotui gutnr ykob enbe spefrfdnty cfobko ifguockrko sug rjuocfc lfouomuiiko gktuko non tfrtrkospjrt rfhktnvf mkue ckrn  prjvfokodfoyk. Lflgutueiko fofrby ykob tnobbn uotui lfobfrjsn gktuko lfomkcn uiurko gutnr hfgne ekhus, ykob iflucnko ckpkt tfrtrkospjrtksn cfobko lfikonslf skhtksn cfobko fofrby trksospjrtksn ykob tnobbn sfenobbk lflgutueiko krus ykob iukt uotui lflgkwk gktuko non.

Bklgkr 4.;7 Lfikonslf trkospjrtksn Tkhtksn

Gutnrko sfcnlfo non kiko tfrfockpiko gnhk kbfo trkospjrtksn sucke tncki lklpu lflgkwkoyk hkbn, sfenobbk lflgutueiko fofrby cfpjsnsn ykob ykob rfocke. Tjrtksn ykob wfhh sjrtfc sfrtk iflks ykob tfrtutup lfouomuiiko gkewk tncki tfrmkcn kckoyk  pfrgfckkko `huituksn krus ykob skobkt snbon`niko s nbon`niko pkck prjsfs cfpjsnsn. Cnnotfrprftksniko lktfrnkh pfoysusuo gktuko non tfrfockpkiko pkck wkitu cko cfobko fofrbn pfobfockpko ykob rfhktn` sklk, sfenobbk lfobfockpiko lktfrnkh cfobko uiurko gutnr ykob sfrkbkl cko euguobko kotkr gutnr ykob rfhktnvf skhnob lfobnikt. Ekh non lfobkingktiko cntfluiko rukob kotkr gutnr ktku pjrjsntks pkck gktuko non. Ijotki gutnr tnpf pjnot lfouomuiko gkewk tnobikt cnkbfofsns ykob cjlnoko. Ijlpkisn gfhul cjlnoko lfobkingktiko lktfrnkh pfoyusuo gktuko tncki tfrpkcktiko sfdkrk sflpurok sfenobbk lksne tfrckpkt `hunck cko pjrjsntks pkck gktuko non, sftfhke prjsfs pflklpktko ykob iurkob sflpurok lkik cfobko gkotuko tfikoko lktfrnkh sfcnlfo tfrugkeiko lfomkcn  gktuko sfcnlfo jhfe prjsfs hntn`ndktnjo. Qrjsfs cnkbfofsns ckpkt tfrmkcn pkck ijocnsn cfobko sueu hnobiuobko ;61  —  711  711jD, cfobko tfikoko 8 0 igkr sfrtk ckpkt tfrmkcn enobbk ifckhklko ;6 il. @ksf cnkbfofsns ykob cnkhklkn gktuko non ykntu ijlpkisn cnlkok tfrmkcn pflklpktko gutnrko sfcnlfo sktu tfrekckp ykob hkno kingkt tfikoko ckrn gfrkt  gfgko cnktksoyk. Iflucnko `ksf rfirnstkhnsksn rfirnst khnsksn cnklk tfrmkcn pfobirnstkhko iflgkhn suktu lnofrkh ckhkl suktu hkrutko inlnk ykob gfrkskh ckrn pfhkrutko lktfrnkh skcnlfo sfhklk cnkbfofsk ktku mkue skgfhuloyk. Iflucnko `ksf sflfotksn, cnlkok lktfrnkh ykob tfrfockpiko kiko tfrsflfotksn jhfe hkrutko inlnk ykob ckpkt lfobnikt kotkr brkno, pkck iksus gktuko non tfrsflfotksniko jhfe lnofrkh hflpuob, sflfo gnkskoyk tfrsusuo jhfe lktfrnkh kutenbfond. Iflucnko `ksf Kutenbfond ykntu tfrgfotuioyk lnofrkh gkru cn hnobiuobko cnkbfoftni, sfenobbk kckoyk lnofrkh tfrsfgut lfrupkiko pkrtnifh gkru ckhkl

suktu sfcnlfo. Lnofrkh hflpuob nonhke ykob gfrpfrko lfobnikt lktfrnkh pfoysusuo  gktuko, lnofrkh hflpuob lfouomuiko hnobiuobko pfobfockpko cfobko krus tfokob. Skekpko cnkbfofsns pkck skyktko non tfrbjhjob if ckhkl tkekpko lfsjbfofsns cnlkok  gktuko lfobkhkln pflgfgkoko ykob duiup duiup notfosn`. Gfrckskriko tfistur cko ijlpjsnsn pfoyusuooyk, ckpkt cniftkeun tnobikt iflktkobko ckrn gktuko non. Tfdkrk tfisturkh, gktuko non lflnhnin lktrnis ? 6%, cko Tjrtksn gkni sfrtk ifguockrko ykob sug-rjuocfc cnnotfrprftksniko lflnhnin tnobikt iflktkobko lkturf. Tfckobiko gfrckskriko ijlpjsnsnjokh, gktuko non tfrususo ktks lktrnis hflpuob cfobko prfsfotksf ? 6 % sfenobbbk lflnhnin tnobikt iflktkobko nllkturf.

 Lkturn ty  Bklgkr 4.;6 Cnkbrkl  Lkturn

Gfrckskriko lktfrnkh pfoyusuo gktuko tfrsfgut lkik ckpkt cnnotfrprftksn gktuko kskh ckrn skyktko non. Gktuko non sfhurueoyk tfrsusuo ktks brkno,lktrnis, cko sflfo, cnlkok cntfluiko lnofrkh pfoyusuo iukrsk cko phkbnjihks. Cnnotfrprftksniko  prjvfokodf   prjvfokodf  ckrn gktuko sfcnlfo non tfhke lfobkhkln up-hn`t, sfhkno ntu lktfrnkh ykob cngkwk tfrfrjsn jhfe krus enobbk tfrsfcnlfotksn, prjsfs non gfrhkobsuob gfruhkob-uhkob ikhn enobbk lflgfotui lktfrnkh gkru. Qrjsfs non mubk tfrbjhjob pkck Lkblktnd Krd sfenobbk gfrckskriko cnkbrkl  prjvfokodf,  prjvfokodf, cnnotfrprftksniko tfrgfotui cn ckfrke Cnssfdtfc Krd

4.3

Tkyktko K^ 70

Gfrckskriko pfobklktko sfdkrk lnirjsijpns pfrgfskrko ;1 ikhn cfobko 4 lfcko  pkockob ykob lksnob-lksnob lfhnputn pfobklktko QQH, UQH, cko Gkmn Iukrsk, skyktko K^ 70 lfrupkiko gktuko sfcnlfo ihkstni. Tkyktko K^ 70 lflnhnin uiurko gutnr 7ll. Lflnhnin gutnr pfoyusuo ykob gfrgfotui lflgjhk ktku enbe spefrfdnt y cfobko tfpn ykob rfhktnvf tulpuh sfenobbk ifguockrkooyk Tug rjuocfc. Lflnhnin pflnhkeko gutnr ykob tncki sfrkbkl ktku pjjrhy sjrtfc cfobko gutnr-gutnr ykob gfrenlpntko sfenobbk iflks tfrtutup. Gutnroyk rfhktnvf gfrenlpntko cfobko uiurko tncki sklk gfskr sfenobbk ijotki  gutnroyk hjob. Sfrckpkt rjobbk-rjobbk cnkotkrk brkno cfobko brkno sfenobbk lflnhnin  pjrjsntks notfrpkrtndhf. Gktuko non tfrsusuo ktks 4 ijlpjofo ykntu brknos, lktrnx, cko sflfo. Brknos pkck skyktko non tfrcnrn ckrn gfgfrkpk mfons, brkno pfrtklk lflnhnin ifoklpkiko wkrok enmku tuk, tfrsusuo ktks lnofrkh k`kont, cko lflnhnin gktks ykob mfhks ktku cnsfgut Hntend. Brkno ifcuk lflnhnin wkrok gfonob, cfobko iflgkrko Dkrhsgkckhgnt, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko phkbnjihks. Brkno iftnbk lflnhnin wkrok gfonob, rfhnf` rfocke, bfhkpko gfrbfhjlgkob, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko iukrsk. Brkno ifflpkt lflnhnin wkrok entkl pkck QQH, UQH, cko gkmn iukrsk, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko lnofrkh jpkq. Ijlpjofo ykob ifcuk ykntu lktrnis gfruiurko skobkt ekhus (8 ;/760 ll) ykob lflnhnin wkrok djihkt pkck QQH, gfrwkrok entkl pkck UQH, cko gfrwkrok lfrke luck  pkck Gkmn iukrsk, cnnotfrprftksniko lktrnis non kckhke hflpuob. Ijlpjofo iftnbk ykntu sflfo ykob gfr`uobsn lfobnikt brknos cko lktrnis. Qkck skyktko non lflnhnin sflfo cfobko bfhkpko bfhjlgkob pkck UQH, ykob cnnotfrprftksniko sflfo ikhsnt. Gfrniut kckhke tkghf ijlpjsnsn cko ifoklpkiko skyktko Skgfh 4.2 Ijlpjsnsn skyktko K^ 70

LQ;

LQ 7

LQ 4

Wktk-rktk

Iukrsk

;1%

;6%

71%

;6%

@fhcspkr

;6%

71%

;6%

;0,0%

Lnofrkh Jpkq

71%

;1%

;1%

;4,44%

Hntend/Wjdi

;1%

;1%

;6%

;;,02%

@rkblfo

Skgfh 4.0 Ifoklpkiko Qftrjbrk`n Tkyktko K^ 70

Lfcko Qkockob

QQH

UQH

Gkmn Iukrsk

Lfcko Qkockob N ;06

Lfcko Qkockob NN

Lfcko Qkockob NNN

Gfrckskriko ijlpjsnsnoyk, gktuko non ckpkt cngfrn pfoklkko gfrckskriko Ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo, ;>26. Gktuko non lflnhnin lktrnis cfobko ifhnlpkeko 75,4% sfenobbk lfobbuokiko sfbntnbk Rkdif. Lflnhnin Hntend cfobko ifhnlpkeko ;;,0%, Iukrsk cfobko ifhnlpkeko ;6%, cko @fhcspkr cfobko ifhnlpkeko ;0,0%. Tfenobbk  gktuko non lflnhnin oklk [ukrts wkdif (Qfttnmjeo,;>26)

Bklgkr 4.;; Ihksn`niksn Qfttnmjeo, ;>26

Gfrckskriko tfistur ulul pkck skyktko non, ckpkt cnnotfrprftksniko prjsfs ykob cnkhkln jhfe gktuko non. Gfrckskriko uiurko gutnroyk ykob gfruiurko 7 ll ckpkt cnnotfrprftksniko gktuko non sucke lfobkhkln trksopjrtksn ckrn prjvfokodfoyk. Qrjsfs trkospjrtksn ykob non lfoyfgkgiko gktuko lfobkhkln pfhkpuiko cko frjsn, sfenobbk uiurko gutnroyk lfomkcn sflkino ifdnh. Gfotui gutnr ykob enbe spefrfdnty cfobko ifguockrko sug rjuocfc lfouomuiiko gktuko non tfrtrkospjrt rfhktnvf mkue ckrn  prjvfokodfoyk. Lflgutueiko fofrby ykob tnobbn uotui lfobfrjsn gktuko lfomkcn uiurko gutnr hfgne ekhus, ykob iflucnko ckpkt tfrtrkospjrtksn cfobko lfikonslf skhtksn cfobko fofrby trksospjrtksn ykob tnobbn sfenobbk lflgutueiko krus ykob iukt uotui lflgkwk gktuko non.

Bklgkr 4.;7 Lfikonslf trkospjrtksn Tkhtksn

Gutnrko sfcnlfo non kiko tfrfockpiko gnhk kbfo trkospjrtksn sucke tncki lklpu lflgkwkoyk hkbn, sfenobbk lflgutueiko fofrby cfpjsnsn ykob ykob rfocke. Tjrtksn ykob  pjjrhy sjrtfc sfrtk iflks ykob tfrtutup lfouomuiiko gkewk tfrmkcn kckoyk  pfrgfckkko `huituksn krus ykob skobkt snbon`niko sn bon`niko pkck prjsfs cfpjsnsn. Cnnotfrprftksniko lktfrnkh pfoysusuo gktuko non tfrfockpkiko pkck wkitu cko cfobko fofrbn pfobfockpko ykob tncki sklk, sfenobbk lfobfockpiko lktfrnkh cfobko uiurko gutnr ykob tncki sfrkbkl cko euguobko kotkr gutnr ykob rfhktnvf tncki skhnob lfobnikt. Ekh non lfobkingktiko cntfluiko rukob kotkr gutnr ktku pjrjsntks pkck gktuko non. Ijotki gutnr tnpf hjob lfouomuiko gkewk tnobikt cnkbfofsns lksne rfotko. Ijlpkisn gfhul cjlnoko lfobkingktiko lktfrnkh pfoyusuo gktuko tncki tfrpkcktiko sfdkrk sflpurok sfenobbk lksne tfrckpkt `hunck cko pjrjsntks pkck gktuko non, sftfhke prjsfs pflklpktko ykob iurkob sflpurok lkik cfobko gkotuko tfikoko lktfrnkh sfcnlfo tfrugkeiko lfomkcn

 gktuko sfcnlfo jhfe prjsfs hntn`ndktnjo. Qrjsfs cnkbfofsns ckpkt tfrmkcn pkck ijocnsn cfobko sueu hnobiuobko ;61  —  711  711jD, cfobko tfikoko 8 0 igkr sfrtk ckpkt tfrmkcn enobbk ifckhklko ;6 il. @ksf cnkbfofsns ykob cnkhklkn gktuko non ykntu ijlpkisn cnlkok tfrmkcn pflklpktko gutnrko sfcnlfo sktu tfrekckp ykob hkno kingkt tfikoko ckrn gfrkt  gfgko cnktksoyk. Iflucnko `ksf rfirnstkhnsksn rfirnst khnsksn cnklk tfrmkcn pfobirnstkhko iflgkhn suktu lnofrkh ckhkl suktu hkrutko inlnk ykob gfrkskh ckrn pfhkrutko lktfrnkh skcnlfo sfhklk cnkbfofsk ktku mkue skgfhuloyk. Iflucnko `ksf sflfotksn, cnlkok lktfrnkh ykob tfrfockpiko kiko tfrsflfotksn jhfe hkrutko inlnk ykob ckpkt lfobnikt kotkr brkno, pkck iksus gktuko non tfrsflfotksniko jhfe lnofrkh hflpuob, sflfo gnkskoyk tfrsusuo jhfe lktfrnkh kutenbfond. Iflucnko `ksf Kutenbfond ykntu tfrgfotuioyk lnofrkh gkru cn hnobiuobko cnkbfoftni, sfenobbk kckoyk lnofrkh tfrsfgut lfrupkiko pkrtnifh gkru ckhkl suktu sfcnlfo. Lnofrkh hflpuob nonhke ykob gfrpfrko lfobnikt lktfrnkh pfoysusuo  gktuko, lnofrkh hflpuob lfouomuiko hnobiuobko pfobfockpko cfobko krus tfokob. Skekpko cnkbfofsns pkck skyktko non tfrbjhjob if ckhkl tkekpko lfsjbfofsns cnlkok  gktuko lfobkhkln pflgfgkoko ykob duiup duiup notfosn`.

(k)

(g)

Bklgkr 4.;4 Skekp Cnkbfofsns (k) Ijlpkisn, (g) Tflfotksn

Gfrckskriko tfistur cko ijlpjsnsn pfoyusuooyk, ckpkt cniftkeun tnobikt iflktkobko ckrn gktuko non. Tfdkrk tfisturkh, gktuko non lflnhnin lktrnis ? 6%, cko Tjrtksn gurui sfenobbk cnnotfrprftksniko lflnhnin tnobikt iflktkobko suglkturf. Tfckobiko gfrckskriko ijlpjsnsnjokh, gktuko non tfrususo ktks lktrnis hflpuob cfobko  prfsfotksf ? 6 % sfenobbbk lflnhnin tnobikt iflktkobko nllkturf.

 Lkturn ty  Bklgkr 4.;6 Cnkbrkl  Lkturn

Gfrckskriko lktfrnkh pfoyusuo gktuko tfrsfgut lkik ckpkt cnnotfrprftksn gktuko kskh ckrn skyktko non. Gktuko non sfhurueoyk tfrsusuo ktks brkno,lktrnis, cko sflfo,

cnlkok cntfluiko lnofrkh pfoyusuo iukrsk cko phkbnjihks. Cnnotfrprftksniko  prjvfokodf   prjvfokodf  ckrn gktuko sfcnlfo non gfrkskh ckrn gktuko gfiu notfrlfcnft gkoyki cnikrfokiko lnofrkh phkbnjihks lfrupkiko lnofrkh pflgfotui hflpuob. Tfhkno ntu, lnofrkh tfrsfgut lfobkhkln uphn`t  cfobko   cfobko ijlpjsnsn lnofrkh hfgne cjlnoko iukrsk cko `rkblfo sfenobbk cnnotfrprftksniko tfrgfotui cfobko iktfbjrn djotnofotkh ghjdi cko ckrn cnkbrkl prjvfokodf cnkbrkl prjvfokodf tfrgfotui  tfrgfotui cn ckfrke trkosntnjokh djotnofotkh