Laporan Praktikum Hama 1

 

HMYK_MA Y_MBS@B\F @HF\ EMFM SMAMFMA MDM_M = FK_JKHKN@, MAMSKF@, CMA O@KHKN@ EMFM

C`susua Khle 7  Amfm

7 Clsy Lhymam Aur‐m`a`  Aur‐m`a` 

 AYF

7 =

 

MDM_M = FK_JKHKN@, MAMSKF@, CMA O@KHKN@ EMFM @. 

S\G\MA =.  Flanlamh olatub ufuf cma d`rr`-d`r` j`huf o`amtman yman olrplrma slomnm` emfm. ?.  Flanlamh fkrjkhkn` slrmannm. 4.  Flanlamh t`pl mhmt fuhut slrmannm. 3.  Flanlamh t`pl fltmfkrpeks`s slrmannm.

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S@AGM\MA Y\TSMBM Emfm flrupmbma o`amtman yman flrusmb tmamfma cma ufufaym flrun`bma fmaus`m

cmr` sln` lbkakf`. Emfm flrupmbma o`amtman plannmannu. O`hm tmamfma yman c`nmannu, fmbm c`amfmbma emfm tmamfma. Omn`ma tmamfma yman c`nmannu t`cmb emaym smtu omn`ma flhm`abma cmpmt slhurue omn`ma. Blrun`ma yman c`t`fouhbma khle emfm flfpuaym` b`smrma yman olsmr. Blrun`ma tlrslout c`euouanbma clanma a`hm` lbkakf` bmrlam mpmo`hm t`cmb tlrgmc`  plauruama a`hm` lbkakf`, fmaus`m t`cmb mbma flfplremt`bmaaym (S`f Ylauh`s YT, =00?). Mrterkpkcm olrmsmh cmr` omemsm Puama` ym`tu mrterk  olrmrt` ‘rums‖ cma  pkcks yman  olrmrt` ‘bmb`‖. Gmc`, mrterkpkcm olrmrt` elwma yman bmb`aym olrums-rums. olrums-rums. Krnma`sfl yman tlrnkhkan j`huf mrterkpkcm flf`h`b` bmb` yman olroubu-oubu. Elwma `a` flf`h`b` gufhme spls`ls yman smmt `a` tlhme c`bltmeu` slb`tmr 099.999 spls`ls (Smo`a, ?9=9). Bmrmbtlr`st`b utmfmaym `mhme flf`h`b` tuoue olrums-rums clanma slpmsman bmb` c`slt`mp rums tuoueaym (Nrmdlfltmr`a`.M, ?994). Olatub tuoue mrterkpkcm mcmhme s`fltr`  o`hmtlrmh cma flf`h`b` rmanbm humr olrb`t`a yman flanlhupms cma c`plromemru` sldmrm  plr`kc`b. Mrterkpkcm flf`h`b` s`stlf plrlcmrma cmrme tlroubm clanma plfouhue cmrme  olrolatub tmouan yman tlrhltmb c` slolhme ckrsmh smhurma pladlramma clanma huoman-huoman hmtlrmh c` cmlrme mockfla (Okrkr. G.O , =00:). Mrterkpkcm tlromn` flagmc` 4 suo peyhuf ym`tu Sr`hko`tm, Fmac`ouhmtm cma Delh`dlrmtm. Tuo peyhuf Sr`hko`tm tlhme puame cma t`annmh s`sm-s`smaym (jkss`h). Tuo peyhuf Fmac`ouhmtm tlromn` flagmc` ololrmpm bhms, smhme smtu c`matmrmaym mcmhme bhms `aslbtm

 

(elxmpkcm), Delh`dlrmtm gunm tlromn` cmhmf ololrmpm bhms tlrfmsub Mrmdea`cm c` cmhmfaym (H`h`ls, T Der`st`am, =00=). Ymcm blhms `aslbtm flfpuaym` d`r`-d`r` beusus c`matmrmaym tuoue tlromn` flagmc` 4  omn`ma ym`tu blpmhm-tekrmbs-mockfla, flfpuaym` flfpua ym` slpmsman matlaam, bmb` 4 pmsman, smymp ==? pmsman cma mhmt fuhut tlrc`r` mtms = pmsman fmac`ouhm (rmeman), = pmsman fmx`hhm (hltmb c`olhmbman rmeman), hmo`uf (o`o`r), cma eypkpemr`ax (h`cme). Blhms `aslbtm c`olcmbma flagmc` ? suobhms ym`tu Mptlrynktm cma Ytlrynktm. Tuobhms Ytlrynktm tlrc`r` cmr` ololrmpm krck, c`matmrmaym ym`tu Kckamtm, Krtekptlrm, @skptlrm, Ekfkptlrm, Elf`ptlrm, Seysmakptlrm, C`ptlrm, Hlp`ckptlrm, Dkhlkptlrm, cma Eyflakptlrm (H`h`ls, T Der`st`am, =00=). S`bus flrupmbma elwma fmfmh`m yman pmh`an ufuf c`nuambma slomnm` elwma  plrdkomma pmcm hmokrmtkr`uf, c`bmrlambma omaymb bluannuhma yman c`f`h`b` khle t`bus slomnm` elwma plrdkomma, ym`tu flf`h`b` blsmfmma j`s`khkn`s clanma fmaus`m, s`bhus e`cup yman rlhmt`j placlb, gufhme mamb plr blhme`rma omaymb, vmr`ms` s`jmt-s`jmtaym t`ann` cma fucme cmhmf plamanmama (Fkr`wmb` lt mh., =003). Tlrmannm o`msmaym fmfpu flann`n`t cma flanuayme fmbmamaaym. S`pl fuhut  plane`smp flf`h`b` omn`ma-omn`ma clanma olatub slplrt` prkoksd`s yman flfmagman mtmu  pmrue cma flhmhu` mhmt `tu fmbmama dm`r c`e`smp. S`pl fuhut plann`n`t c`hlanbmp` clanma rmeman mtms cma omwme yman smanmt bumt. S`pl fuhut plausub-plan`smp flfpuaym` rmeman yman pmagman cma ruad`an. Fuhut plan`smp c`hlanbmp` clanma mhmt uatub flag`hmt (Gufmr, ?999). Mcm ololrmpm dmrm plruomema olatub (fltmfkrjks`s) cmhmf plrblfomanma slrmannm slgmb flaltms smfpm` clwmsm, fuhm` cmr` slclremam smfpm` yman bkfphlb. =.  Ylrblfomanma tmapm fltmfkrjksm (Mfltmokhm) ym`tu krck Seysmaurm cma Dkhhlfokhm. ?.  Ylrblfomanma clanma fltmfkrjksm slclremam cma olrtmemp (Eltlrkfltmokhm). Pm`tu krck Krtekptlrm, @skptlrm, Fmhhkpemnm, Seysmakptlrm, Ekfkptlrm, Elf`ptlrm cma Makphlrm. 4.  Ylrblfomanma clanma fltmfkrjksm slfpuram (Yrmdmym, =00=). Fltmfkrjksm slclremam (Ymurkfltmokhm) clanma plrblfomanma flhmhu` t`nm stmc`m ym`tu tlhur, a`fjm, cma clwmsm (`fmnk). Olatub a`fjm cma clwmsm tlrutmfm c`olcmbma pmcm  olatub cma uburma smymp slrtm uburma tuoueaym (Om`hly, ?993).

 

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FLSKCL Y_MBS@B\F Yrmbt`buf mdmrm = ym`tu Fkrjkhkn`, Mamatkf` cma O`khkn` slrtm Slba`b Bkhlbs`

Tlrmannm c`hmbsmambma pmcm tmannmh ?< Mpr`h ?9=> pubuh =>.=