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CHZLVHD ZVHE^GEY@ OL^L NHQHV  Zhrh`itir Lrgidthsg Nhch`, Ellrngdht Oltl, nhd Visiesg

Ngsusud Lcik2  Dh`h 2 @hwhr Qgdhr _hdyh Hthsyh  DG@

2 88;61::=9

ZVLMVH@ Q^YNG ^IEDGE MIL@H^GEH BYVYQHD ^IEDLCLMG GDOVHQ^VYE^YV NHD EI]GCHWHKHD GDQ^G^Y^ ^IEDLCLMG QY@H^IVH 6:6:

 

H. @hth Hahrh Zrhe Zrhetgeu tgeu` ` @hth hahrh prhetgeu` Oltlmrh`itrg Nhshr ei-8 gdg phnh thdmmhc ; Letlfir  6:6: yhdm firbunuc firbunuc

Zhrh`itir Zhrh`itir Lrgidths Lrgidthsgg Nhch`, Ellrngdht Ellrngdht Oltl, Oltl, nhd Visiesg

hnhchk udtue `idmkhsgcehd ellrngdht oltl shht `icheuehd oltl unhrh. Lrgidthsg gdtirglr gdtir glr udtue oltlmrh`itrg oltlmrh`itrg hnhchk chdmehk chdmehk yhdm siahrh siahrh `hti`htgs `hti`htgs `idagpthehd `idagpthehd ei`fhcg mil`itrg yhdm hnh ng eh`irh eitgeh oltl tirtidtu ngiespls. Qinhdmehd risiesg ruhdm hnhchk `itlni udtue `ididtuehd idh` ici`id lrgidthsg iestirdhc (χ, Ϗ, β, [C, WC, nhd RC) nhrg sifuhk oltl. Nhch` `itlni gdg `i`ircuehd `gdg`hc tgmh tgtge eldtrlc, nidmhd ellrngdht ruhdm lfbie [WR yhdm ngeithkug, udtue ngagtrhehd nhch` oltl.

F. ^ub ^ubuhd uhd Z Zrhe rhetge tgeu` u` ^ubuhd nhrg prhetgeu` ehcg gdg hnhchk 2 8. Nhpht `idmlpir `idmlpirhsgehd hsgehd slotwh slotwhri ri Hustrhcg Hustrhcgss nhch` `idmlch `idmlchk k nhth oltl oltl unhrh. unhrh. 6. Zrhetg Zrhetgehd ehd `idmi `idmithk thkug ug prlsis prlsis nhch` pidhdnhh pidhdnhhd d tgt tgtge ge ognusghc ognusghc nhd dgchg dgchg Mrludn Mrludn Aldtrlcc Zlgdt (MAZ) phnh oltl unhrh. 1. Ydtue Ydtue `idmit `idmithkug hkug prlsis prlsis lrgidths lrgidthsgg nhch` nhch` sirth khsgc khsgc dgchg dgchg V@QI eldolr`h eldolr`hcc nhd hoogdi phnh tghp oltl unhrh nhrg prlsis lrgidthsg tirsifut. >. Ydtue `idnhpht `idnhphtehd ehd khsgc khsgc dgchg dgchg V@QI V@QI risiesg risiesg phnh oltl oltl unhrh. unhrh. 9. Ydtue `idmithk `idmithkug ug prlsis prlsis `idnhphtehd `idnhphtehd dgchg dgchg ellrngdst ellrngdst phrh`it phrh`itir ir lrgidthsg lrgidthsg cuhr cuhr udtue sitghp oltl. ?. Ydtue `idnhphtehd `idnhphtehd khsgc dgchg elrngdht elrngdht oltl oltl unhrh.

A. ]h ]hetu etu n nhd hd ^i ^i`ph `phtt Zrhetgeu` ngcheshdhehd phnh 2 Khrg, thdmmmhc

2 Eh`gs, ; Letlfir 6:::

]hetu

2 8>.::-8?.:: ]GF

@ingh

2 Mllmci @iit 

N. Hch Hchtt nh nhd d Fh Fhkhd khd Hcht nhd Fhkhd yhdm ngfutukehd nhch` prhetgeu` ehcg gdg yhgtu 2 8. Chptlp 6. @lus @lusii nhd nhd @lus @lusip iphn hn

 

1. Qlotw Qlotwhr hrii Hust Hustrh rhcg cgss >. Og Ogci ci oltl oltl unh unhrh rh G^ G^F F 7 olt oltl l 9. Ogc Ogci MAZ. MAZ.ttxt ?. Og Ogci ci ixaic ixaic eh ehcg cgfr frhs hsgg =. Og Ogci ci `lnu `lnucc prhet prhetge geu` u` 8 Zh Zhrh rh`i `iti tirr Lr Lrgi gidt dths hsgg Nhch Nhch`, `, El Ellr lrng ngdh dhtt Oltl, Oltl, nh nhd d Visiesg.

I. Chd Chdmeh mehk k Zrhe Zrhetge tgeu` u` 8. Zirsghphd

Qificu` `icheuehd prhetgeu`, prhetgehd `i`pirsghpehd hcht nhd fhkhd yhdm ngfutukehd nhch` prhetgeu` gdg sipirtg `idnlwdclhn nhd `idmgdsthcc slotwhri Hustrhcgs, `lnuc, nhd ogci oltl unhrh nhd ogci prhetgeu` pidudbhdm chgddyh yhdm ngfutukehd. 6. Ziche cheshd shdhhd Nhch` thkhp picheshhd ngkhrhpehd `idmgeutg chdmehk-chdmehk ngfhwhk gdg 2

8) Zr Zrhe hetg tgeu eu` ` ngch ngches eshd hdhe hehd hd si siah ahrh rh ldcgdi ldcgdi,, bhng sghpehd bhrgdmhd gdtirdit yhdm `i`hnhg. 6) Fueh slotwh slotwhri ri Hustrhc Hustrhcgs gs yhdm yhdm tichk tichk nggdst nggdsthcc. hcc. 1) Fuht Fuht prlbia prlbiatt fhru nidmh nidmhd d ecge ecge Ogci Ogci -4 diw diw

>) Qitichk Qitichk ngecge, ngecge, pgcgk pgcgk udgt udgt yhdm yhdm ngmudhehd ngmudhehd yhgtu yhgtu `itir. `itir.

 

9) Zhnh ah`irh ah`irh   nhthfhsi, nhthfhsi,   th`fhkehd bidgs eh`irh yhdm ngmudhehd nhch` heusgsg heus gsg nhth oltlmr oltlmrh`i h`itrg trg nidmhd ahrh ecge ecge ehdhd ehdhd chc chcu u  Hnn Ah`irh tl  Nhthfhsi..  Nhthfhsi

?) Chcu Chcu `hsueeh `hsueehd d eh`irh eh`irh –VA1:‐ –VA1:‐ phnh phnh eh`irh eh`irh GN =) @hsueehd @hsueehd dgchg phrh`it phrh`itir ir ehcgfrhsg ehcgfrhsg eh`irh, eh`irh, yhgtu yhgtu dgchg phdbhdm phdbhdm olaus cidsh, cidsh, dgch dgchgg Zr Zrgd gdag agphc phc Zlgdt Zlgdt Hutl Hutlalc alcg` g`ht htgl gld d nh nhd d dg dgch chgg E8 & E6 ph phnh nh ix ixai aicc sirtgogeht ehcgfrhsg yhdm tichk ngfirgehd.

;) Chcu Chcu ecge aidthdm aidthdm `itrge `itrge phnh phnh pidmhturh pidmhturhd d eh`irh, eh`irh, nhd ecge hnn chcu chcu `hsu `h sueeh eehd d dgch dgchgg el ellr lrng ngdh dhtt oltl oltl nhrg nhrg `hsg `hsgdm dm-` -`hs hsgd gdm m tg tgtg tge e og ognu nusg sghc hc.. @hsueeh @hs ueehd d chfic chfic nhrg nhrg tgtge tgtge ognusg ognusghc hc nhd ellrngd ellrngdht ht oltl oltl sipirt sipirtgg yhdm tirahdtu` phnh ixaic sirtgogeht ehcgfrhsg eh`irh.

 

 

7) Qitich Qitichk k sicis sicishg hg chcu chcu ecge ecge le. le. 8:) Chcu nrhm   eh eh`i `irh rh nhr nhrgg nhthfhsi nhthfhsi   yh yhdm dm tichk tichk ngfuh ngfuhtt nh nhd d nrlp nrlp   eh`irh einhch` prlbie. 88) Ydtue `i`hsueehd `i`hsueehd oltl yhdm hehd nglchk, ecge ehdhd phnh eh`irh chcu  pgcgk sit  pgcgk  sit g`hmi ogci ngriatlry.

86) Chcu pgcgk oltl unhrh yhdm tichk tichk ng nlwdclhn, ecge lpid.

 

81) Ecge nuh ehcg udtue nhpht `icgkht `icgkht th`pgchd oltl. 8>) Ydtue Ydtue `icheu `icheuehd ehd lrgidt lrgidthsg hsg nhch`, nhch`, pgcgk pgcgk @ihsur @ihsuri`i i`idt dt chc chcu u  Gdtirglr  Lrgidthtgld @lni. @lni. Zhnh `lni gdg hehd ngcheuehd pidhdnhhd tgtge-tgtge  ognusghc phnh oltl 89) Hehd Hehd `udauc `udauc thfic thfic nhrg nhrg tgtgetgtge-tgt tgtge ge ognusg ognusghc hc yhdm tic tichk hk ng`hsu ng`hsueeh eehd d sificu`dyh sific u`dyh phnh pidmhturhd pidmhturhd eh`irh. Qichdbutdyh Qichdbutdyh cheuehd cheuehd pidhdnhhd tgtge ognuaghc phnh ; tgtge oltl ng sitghp pgdmmgrhd oltl nidmhd nidm hd ecge fhmghd ch`fhdm `ihsuri phnh th`pgchd hths tllcs hths tllcs oltl  oltl nhd zll` tirus sh`phg `idnhphtehd tgtge tidmhk yhdm phs. Qhht `icheuehd pidgtgehd ognuaghc khrus firurut sisuhg ogci ixaic ehcgfrhsg yhdm tichk ngfirgehd.

 

8?) Cheuehd Cheuehd tirkhnhp tirkhnhp si`uh tgtge chcu sitichk gtu hehd `udauc V@QI nhrg tgtge ognusghc hoogdi chcu pgcgk Haaipt udtue `idyicishgehd pidhdnhhd tgtge ognusghc. 8=) Cheueh Cheuehd d pidhdnh pidhdnhhd hd Mrludn Mrludn Aldtrl Aldtrlcc Zlgdt Zlgdt phnh oltl. Rll` nhd ahrg chfic nhrg MAZ sunhk tirahdtu` phnh oltl nhd `hsueehd phnh elcl` chfic nidmhd ahrh ecge `ihsuri `ihsuri nhd  nhd `hduhc `ihsuri`idt `lni. `lni.

8;) Cheueh Cheuehd d phnh phnh si`uh si`uh tgtge tgtge MAZ yhdm hnh phnh oltl tirsifut tirsifut.. Qh`phg Qh`phg tircgkht th`pgchd firgeut. Cheuehd sh`phg ; oltl tirsifut tichk ngthdnhg tgtge ognuaghc nhd MAZ.

 

87) Qitichk Qitichk gtu, `hsueehd ogci ogci MAZ phnh olcnir olcnir 1N Nhth. Nidmhd ahrh ecge  ehdhd 1N Nhth chcu G`plrt chcu pgcgk Nrgvifhae Ogci.

6:) 6:) Qic Qichd hdbbutdy utdyhh pgc pgcgk ogci gci MAZ. MAZ.xy xyzz phnh phnh olc lcni nirr MAZ MAZ yhdm yhdm sunhk unhk ngnlwdclhn, chcu ecge lpid.

 

68) Ecge phnh MAZ phnh olcnir 1N Nhth udtue `icgkht `icgkht ellrngdht nhrg tgtgetgtgetgtge MAZ yhdm hehd ngmudhehd.

66) Ec Ecge ge eh ehdhd dhd ph phnh nh oltl oltl yh yhdm dm ti tich chk k ng ngch cheu eueh ehd d lr lrgi gidt dths hsgg nh nhch ch` ` nh nhd d  pidhdnhhd MAZ, chcu pgcgk Visiat udtue `icheuehd prlsis risiesg.

 

61) Qitich Qitichk k gtu hehd hehd `udauc `udauc `idu `idu nhrg nhrg risies risiesg, g, tir tirnhph nhphtt pgc pgcgkh gkhd d udtue  udtue  `i`hsueehd dgchg hwhc nhrg [ W R nhrg sitghp eh`irh chcu ecge LE.

6>) Qitichk Qitichk prlsis risiesg ngcheuehd ngcheuehd hehd `udauc dgchg V@QI nhrg risiesg tirsifut.

 

69) Cheueh Cheuehd d prlsis prlsis lrgidt lrgidthsg hsg nhch`, nhch`, pidhdnh pidhdnhhd hd MAZ, MAZ, nhd risies risiesgg udtue  udtue  si`uh oltl. Dgchg phrh`itir lrgidthsg cuhr sitghp eh`irh hehd tircgkht  phnh shht ecge olcnir eh`irh. 6?) Chcu ecge nuh ehcg phnh ogci MAZ chcu hehd `udauc tgtg tgtge-tgt e-tgtge ge MAZ phnh chyir kgth`. Ecge ehdhd chcu pgcgk _giw Ah`irh Qthtglds udtue `icgkht eldogmurhsg eh`irh firnhshrehd dgchg phrh`itir lrgidthsg cuhr eh`irh khsgc risiesg.

6=) Zlsgsg Zlsgsg eh`irh phnh shht pirieh`hd pirieh`hd hehd tircgkht. ^irnhpht ^irnhpht 1 bhcur nhd sitghp bhcur tirnhpht 1 oltl sikgdmmh tirnhpht tlthc 7 oltl yhdm hnh phnh  prlbiat gdg.

 

6;) Ch Chcu cu si sith thch chk k si si`u `uhh ch chdme dmehk hk si sici cish shg, g, ch cheue euehd hd pr prlb lbie ie fhru fhru udtue  udtue  trhd trhdso solr lr`h `hsg sg tgpi tgpi el eldo dolr lr`h `hcc ph phnh nh gd gdti tirg rglr lr lr lrgi gidt dtht htgl gld d `lni `lni sh shht ht ngfhmghd phnh 7 oltl yhdm sh`h.

  1. Zidy Zidyic icis ishg hghd hd

Qitich Qit ichk k thkhp thkhp piches picheshdhh hdhhd d nghths nghths ngnhph ngnhphteh tehd d khsgc khsgc V@QI V@QI ^rhdso ^rhdsolr` lr`hsg hsg eldolr` eldo lr`hc, hc, V@QI V@QI trhdso trhdsolr` lr`hsg hsg Hoogdi Hoogdi,, V@QI V@QI risies risiesgg eldolr eldolr`hc `hc,, V@QI V@QI risies ris iesgg Hoogdi Hoogdi nhd dgchg dgchg phrh`i phrh`itir tir lrgidt lrgidthsg hsg cuhr. cuhr. Zhnh Zhnh thkhp thkhp pidyici pidyicishg shghd hd  prhetgehd `idnhpht khsgc nhrg bhcur tirfhdm nhd dgchg nhrg V@QI, sirth nhpht `idmithkug nhd `i`fhdngdmehd khsgc dgchg nhrg V@QI hdthrh trhdsolr`hsg

 

eldolr`hc nhd trhdsolr`hsg hoogdi, nhd `idnhpht dgchg nhrg lrgidthsg cuhr phnh sitghp oltl yhdm tirngrg nhrg ellrngdht x,y,z, hzg`utk, icivhtgld nhd Vlcc chcu sichdb sic hdbutd utdyh yh khsgc khsgc nhrg nhrg prhetg prhetgeu` eu` tirsif tirsifut ut yhdm ngmudh ngmudhehd ehd udtue udtue `i`fuht `i`fuht chplrhd udtue khsgc pi`fhkhshd sikgdmmh nhpht `idhrge suhtu eisg`puchd nhrg  prhetgeu` gdg.

O. Khs Khsgc gc nh nhd d Zi` Zi`fhk fhkhsh hshd d 8. Khsgc

^hfic 8. ^hfic V@QI nhrg prlsis lrgidthsg nhch`  Dl`lr 

V@QI ^rhdsolr`hsg

V@QI ^rhdsolr`hsg

Oltl 8 6 1 > 9 ? = ; 7

Eldolr`hc

Hoogdi

6;.861 69.779 6?.:76 69.1=> 66.;89 6>.9?1 6=.?>> 61.;6? 69.:=8

6>.999 68.?19 66.>7= 6>.689 66.??7 6>.?=: 6>.?8: 61.=87 61.=8>

^hfic 6. V@QI Visiesg Hoogdi  Dl`lr Oltl 8 6 1

V@QI Visiesg 881.; 881.> 9>.1

> 7:.? 9 98.8 ? 811.7 = 91.= ; :.: 7 =>7.> ^hfic 1. V@QI Visiesg Eldolr`hc  Dl`lr Oltl 8 6 1 >

V@QI Visiesg 881.8 881.> 9?.; 78.=

 

9 ? = ; 7

96.9 816.= 9>.> :.: =96.7

^hfic >. Zhrh`itir Lrgidthsg Cuhr Hoogdi  Dl Oltl 8 6 1 > 9 ? = ; 7

 

[

W

=;=>::.9== =;=;?=.;6> =;;16;.619 =;=9:?.;99 =;=7=8.8=? =;;>6=.:;; =;;8>1.878 =;;=91.?=9 =;7:>:.1>1

761;7:6.66; 761;;71.>=6 761;;7.719 761.;:;:.:8; 761;:?9.;99 761;:?8.>1: 761=6?7.1>1 761=6;6.9?? 761=6?6.:?9

R 8?:9.?9: 8?:=.6?9 8?8?.9:; 89;>.>78 89;1.=67 89=7.6:9 8971.;;1 8?18.919 899:.;6?

Hzg`utk 811.617 8?>.;;6 -?.7=1 :.8=== 8>?.;;7 8>.?6; ?7.>?> 8::.87: 9;.8>7

Icivhtgld -;7.8?= -;=.1:= -;;.81= -;;.:9> -;;.;>9 -;;.>68 -;?.;9= -=?.;7: -;?.71?

Vlcc -811.6:; -8?>.?9> ?.::6 -6.98; -8>;.8;> -86.887 -=:.977 -8:6.8=6 -9;.=99

Hzg`utk 811.11; 8?>.;6> -=.:88 :.>17 8>?.?7? 89.=81 ?7.?=8 8::.69=

Icivhtgld -;7.89= -;=.1:? -;;.816 -;;.:9; -;;.;91 -;;.>6> -;?.;?; -=?.78?

Vlcc -811.1:? -8?>.97= ?.:>1 -6.=== -8>=.7;; -81.878 -=:.;:; -8:6.6>:

9;.89:

-;?.79;

-9;.=9:

^hfic 9. Zhrh`itir Lrgidthsg Cuhr Eldolr`hc  Dl Oltl 8 6 1 > 9 ? = ;

[ =;=>::.?>8 =;=;=?.;=6 =;;16;.66? =;=9:=.:1: =;=7=8.1:> =;;>6=.98; =;;8>1.889 =;;=91.6:6

W 761;7:6.679 761;;71.>?? 761;;;7.;7: 761;:;:.:;9 761;:?9.7?= 761;:?8.;:6 761=6?7.9:7 761=6;6.=67

R 8?:9.=1? 8?:=.679 8?8?.91= 89;>.9:8 89;1.=16 89=;.7;= 8971.=?9 8?18.>?>

7

=;7:>:.:76

761=6?6.6;7 899:.;76

6. Zi`fhkhsh khshd d

^rhdso ^rh dsolr` lr`hsg hsg eldolr eldolr`hc `hc 6 ng`ids ng`idsgg hnhchk hnhchk trhdso trhdsolr` lr`hsg hsg cg cgdihr dihr yhdm `idmkufudmehd sgsti` ellrngdht ehrtisghd 6 ng`idsg `idmkufudmehd rlthsg, eisir eis irhm hmh` h`hd hd pi piru rufh fhkhd khd se sehc hch, h, ngge nggeut utgg lc lcik ik pi piru rufh fhkh khd d tr trhd hdsc schs hsg. g. Vlth Vlthsg sg ngniogdgsgehd lcik shtu sunut rlthsg (h) nhd pirufhkhd sehch lcik shtu sehch ohetlr (s). ^rhdschsg ngniogdgsgehd 6 phrh`itir pirufhkhd tgtge hshc ([:,W:). Vu`usdyh sipirtg gdg (Dlfirt Vlsak,6:88) 2 [‗0s[als(h)-sWsgd(h)+[:

 

W‗0s[sgd(h)+sWals(h)+W: Vu`us yhdm cifgk sg`pic sipirtg gdg [‗0h[-fW+[:. Qinhdmehd trhdsolr`hsg hoogdi hoo gdi hnhchk hnhchk trhds trhdsolr olr`hs `hsgg cgdihr cgdihr yhdm yhdm `idmkuf `idmkufudme udmehd hd sgsti` sgsti` ellrngd ellrngdht ht trhdsolr`hsg ehrtisghd 6 ng`idsg `idmkufudmehd rlthsg, pirufhkhd sehch phnh hrhk x nhd y nggeutg lcik trhdschsg. Oudmsg trhdsolr`hsg `idmmh`fhrehd ?  phrh`itir shtu sunut rlthsg (h) ,nuh ohetlr sehch , sehch ohetlr phnh hrhk x (Qx), ohetlr sehch phnh hrhk y (Qy), nhd 6 pirufhkhd tgtge hshc ([:,W:). Vu`usdyh sipirtg gdg (]lcomhdm Eiccir,6:88) 2 [‗0Qx[als(h)-QyWsgd(h)+[: W‗0Qx[sgd(h)+QyWals(h)+W:. Vu`us yhdm cifgk sg`pic sipirtg gdg [‗0h[ fW+[: W‗0a[+nW+W: Ng`hdh phrh`itir trhdsolr`hsg hnhchk h,f,a,n,[:,W:. Zirfinhhd nhrg trhdsolr`hsg eldolr`hc nhd hoogdi phnh shht pidhdnhhd tgtge  ognuaghc ng hpcgehsg hustrhcgs hnh phnh lrgidthtgld gdtirglr `lni  `lni  hthu lrgidthsg nhch` nhc h` hnhchk hnhchk phrh`i phrh`itir tir nhch` nhch` `idtrh `idtrhdso dsolr` lr`hsg hsgehd ehddyh. dyh. Nhch` Nhch` phrh`i phrh`itir  tir  hoogdi `i`gcgeg ? phrh`itir nhch` trhdsolr`hsgdyh, `icgputg rlthsg, trhdschsg,  pirfishrhd sehch phnh oltl, pirpltldmhd siahrh firsh`hhd. ^rhdsolr`hsg Hoogdi sikhrusdyh `i`gcgeg `gdg`hc 1 tgtge MAZ. V@QI trhdsolr`hsg hoogdi  phnh thfic nghths `idudbuehd dgchg rhth-rhth heurhsg nhch` `idhdnhg tgtge  ognuag ogn uaghc. hc. Qinhdme Qinhdmehd hd rhdsol rhdsolr`h r`hsg sg ellrngd ellrngdht ht eldolr eldolr`hc `hc tg tgmh mh ng`ids ng`idsgg (1N), (1N), `idmmhfudmehd rlthsg su`fu, pirufhkhd sehch, nhd pirmisirhd hshc hnhchk `lnic `ln ic `hti`h `hti`htgs tgs prhetg prhetgss nhrg nhrg kufudmh kufudmhd d hdthrh hdthrh sgsti` sgsti` ellrngd ellrngdht ht 1N yhdm  firfinh. Lrgidthsg Lrgid thsg nhch` nhrg suhtu eh`irh oltlmrh`itr oltlmrh`itrge ge ngehthehd ngehthehd tirniogdgs tirniogdgsgg siahrh `hti`htgs bgeh phrh`itir-phrh`itir firgeut ngeithkug bhrhe oleus o, hthu  bhrhe uth`h a, plsgsg tgtge uth`h (x: nhd y:) phnh agtrh nhd ehrhetirgstge ngstlrsg ngstlrsg mil`i mil `itr trge ge nh nhrg rg sg sgst sti` i` ci cids dshh nh nhd d eh eh`i `irh rh.. Zh Zhnh nh V@QI V@QI lr lrgi gidt dths hsgg nhch` nhch` eldolr`hc nhd hoogdi gdg egth `idnitiesg dgchg sgm`h nhrg sitghp trhdsolr`hsg yhdm egth fuht. Dgchg Vllt @ihd Qquhri Irrlr( V@QI) nhrg tgtge-tgtge MAZ fuht sisuhtu pidmlchkhd oltlmrh`itrg `iruphehd dgchg yhdm shdmht firhrtg ehridh `i`fue `i` fuetge tgehd hd sifirh sifirhph ph air`ht air`ht pidmlc pidmlchkh hkhd d yhdm yhdm tic tichk hk ngches ngcheshdhe hdhehd. hd. Qhht

 

sificu` ngtitithpehd dgchg V@QI, suhtu pidmlchkhd `i`pudyhg dgchg risgnuhc  phnh `hsgdm`hsgdm tgtge eldtrlc( MAZ) sirth tgi plgdt. Dgchg risgnuhc `iruphehd `iruph ehd sicgsgk sicgsgk nhrg dgchg ellrngdht ellrngdht pidmh`hthd pidmh`hthd sirth sirth khsgc pirhthhddyh. pirhthhddyh. (Qhwgtrg, 6::=). Dgchg V@Q irrlr ellrngdht `idudbueehd hnhdyh eishchkhd hrhk hrhk ph phnh nh el el`p `pld ldid id [, W, R ti tirk rkhnh hnhp p plsgs plsgsgg ti tirt rtid idtu tu.. Dg Dgch chgg V@Q V@Q ir irrl rlr  r  ellrngdht ngkgtudm nidmhd pirsh`hhd firgeut (Akhrcis N.Mkgchdg, 6::6). Ngeutgp nhrg burdhc milnisg Ydngp, Mrludn Aldtrlc Zlgdt (MAZ) hthu yhdm  fghsh ngsifut nidmhd tgtge eldtrlc hnhchk tgtge-tgtge yhdm firhnh ng chphdmhd yhdm nhpht nhpht ngmudh ngmudhehd ehd udtue udtue `idtrh `idtrhdso dsolr` lr`hsg hsgehd ehd sg sgsti sti` ` ellrngd ellrngdht ht unhrh unhrh nidmhd sgsti` ellrngdht thdhk suhtu lfbie yhdm ngpithehd. ^gtge eldtrlc gdg dhdtgdyh hehd ngmudhehd phnh shht pidmlchkhd oltl unhrh thkhp trghdmuchsg unhrh (Khsyg`, 6::7), MAZ bumh firoudmsg sifhmhg ohetlr pididtu eiticgtghd mil`itrgs khsgc lchk oltl (`gshcdyh lrtloltl, NQ@, N^@). Qi`hegd ticgtg MAZ `heh hehd si`hegd fhge puch eiticgtghd mil`itrgs khsgc nhrg pidmlchkhd oltl unhrh tirsifut. Hrtgdyh si`hegd fhdyhe tgtge si`hegd eiagc dgchg r`s irlr phnh oltl tirsifut. Zhnh prhetgeu` gdg oltl unhrh ei 6 hnh 7 tgtge MAZ sikgdmmh shht trhdsolr`hsg hoogdi dgch V@Qdyh phcgdm eivgc nhrg yhdm chgddyh. Visiesg ruhdm hnhchk `itlni udtue `ididtuehd idh` ici`id lrgidthsg iestirdhc (χ, Ϗ, β, [C, WC, nhd RC) nhrg sifuhk oltl. @itlni gdg `i`ircuehd `gdg`hc tgmh tgtge eldtrlc, nidmhd ellrngdht ruhdm lfbie [WR yhdm ngeithkug, udtue udt ue ngag ngagtr trheh hehd d nhch` nhch` oltl oltl.. Ydtu Ydtue e `ida `idahp hphg hg phrh` phrh`it itir ir lr lrgi gidt dths hsgg cu cuhr  hr  ngfutu ngf utukeh kehd d oltl oltl unhrh, unhrh, nhth nhth ehcgfr ehcgfrhsg hsg tg tgtge tge eldtrl eldtrlcc thdhk thdhk chc chcu u `icheue `icheuehd hd lrgidthsg lrgidt hsg nhch` yhgtu `i`gcgk `i`gcgk hoogdi hoogdi hthu eldolr`hc nhd `iche `icheuehd uehd tgtge tgtge tgtge  tgtge  nhch` systi` ellrngdht chcu sichdbutdyh prlsis risiesg fhruchk `udauc khsgc lrgidthsg phrh`itir cuhr yhdm `idmkhsgcehd ellrngdht oltl unhrh yhgtu [,W,R. Zhrh`itir phrh`itir gtu ghchk ellrngdht plsgsg prgdagphc plgdt ( [, W, R) sirth rlthsg rlt hsg(( l`imh, l`imh, pkg, pkg, ehpph) ehpph) nhrg nhrg tgtge tgtge pusht pusht mh`fhr mh`fhr (Hgngc (Hgngc,, 6::=). 6::=). Hnhdyh Hnhdyh  phrh`itir rlthsg eh`irh fuht tghp mh`fhr yhdm ngkhsgcehd nghegfhtehd lcik

 

eitgnhesi`p eitgnh esi`purdhhd urdhhd plsgsg plsgsg tirfhdm tirfhdm pishwht pishwht phnh ngehch pi`ltrithd. pi`ltrithd. Hnhpud Zhrh`itir rlthsg, yhgtu2 8. Zhrh`itir l`imh(χ). Zhrh`itir gdg firtubuhd fuht `idmelriesg mirhehd rlcc  phnh pishwht yhdm `idg`fucehd mh`fhr firlthsg tirkhnhp su`fu [. 6. Zhrh`itir pkg(Ϗ). Zhrh`itir gdg firtubuhd fuht `idmelriesg mirhehd pgtak  phnh pishwht yhdm `idg`fucehd mh`fhr firlthsg tirkhnhp su`fu W 1. Zhrh`itir ehpph(β). Zhrh`itir gdg firtubuhd fuht `idmelriesg mirhehd phnh  pishwht yhdm `idg`fucehd mh`fhr firlthsg tirkhnhp su`fu R. Zhnh prhetgeu` gdg egth `i`hsueehd dgchg phrh`itir lrgidthsg nhch` phnh eh`irh eh` irh tircif tircifgk gk nhkucu nhkucu,, phnh thkhp thkhp gdg `i`fut `i`futuke ukehd hd gdolr` gdolr`hsg hsg ehcgfr ehcgfrhsg hsg eh`irh sirth pidmkgtudmhd pidmkgtudmhd ioie riorhesg riorhesg ht`lsoir nhd eishchkhd eishchkhd sgsti`htg sgsti`htgss chgddyh. Zrlsinur gdg, yhdm ngsifut pirfhgehd ellrngdht oltl. Chcu sichdbutdyh  phnh khsgc shyh gdg tirnhpht pirfinhhd hdthr thfic V@QI risiesg eldolr`hc nidmhd V@QI risiesg hoogdi ehridh nhch` pidmirbhhd gdg shyh `i`fuht prlbie   fhru nhd ehridh cithe nhd pidgtgehddyh tgnhe sichcu tipht ngtidmhk hthu ng tgtge  ym phs sikgdmmh dgchg V@QI risiesg hoogdi nidmhd eldolr`hc firfinh. Zhnh g`hmi ; bumh bhcur tirfhdm khsgc prhetgeu` shyh shht ecge vgiw sthtgld tgnhe phs ti`phtdyh, ti`pht dyh, eitgeh shyh aie dgchg risgnuhc risgnuhc phnh g`hmi g`hmi ; tgtge ognuaghc= ognuaghc= aueup  fishr ngehridhehd shht pidgtgehd yhdm tgnhe phs, dgchg ellrngdht aldtrlc nhd ellrngdht lfsirvhsg pidgtgehd bumh firfinh bhuk sikgdmmh firpidmhruk nhd tgnhe phs. Dgchg ellrngdht oltl [,W,R yhdm ngkhsgcehd phnh thfic gdg hnhchk khsgc pidmirbhhd trhdsolr`hsg nhd risiesg yhdm tichk ngcheuehd sificu`dyh.

M. Eisg`p Eisg`puc uchd hd 8. Khsgc Khsgc V@QI risiesg risiesg trhdso trhdsolr` lr`hsg hsg hoogdi hoogdi phcgdm phcgdm eiagc hnhchk hnhchk 68.?19 nhd khsgc khsgc V@QI trhdsolr`hsg eldolr`hc phcgdm eiagc hnhchk 66.;89. 6. Qi`hegd Qi`hegd ticgtg ticgtg `icheuehd `icheuehd pidgtg pidgtgehd ehd tgtge tgtge ognuaghc ognuaghc nhd nhd  mrludn aldtrlc plgdt  phnh  phnh slotwhri Hustrhcgs (lfsirvin (lfsirvin allrngdhti) allrngdhti) `heh dgchg r`s nhd nhd rinusghc rinusghc hdthrh hdthrh aldtrlc allrngdhti phnh allrngdhti phnh chphdmhd hehd si`hegd eiagc. 1. Nhch` `icheuehd `icheuehd risiesg risiesg oltl ngfutukehd ngfutukehd `gdg`hc `gdg`hc 1 mrludn aldtrlc plgdt.

 

>. Qi`heg Qi`hegd d fh fhdy dyhe he tgtg tgtge e  mrludn aldtrlc plgdt  yhdm  yhdm tirsifhr ng pir`uehhd wgchyhk `heh hehd si`hegd ticgtg mil`itrg khsgc nhrg pidmlchkhd pidm lchkhd oltl unhrh 9. Nhch Nhch` ` pi pi`r `rls lsis ishd hd ud udtu tue e `idm `idmkh khsg sgce cehd hd ph phrh rh`i `iti tirr dg dgch chgg lr lrgi gidt dths hsgg cu cuhr  hr  ngfutukehd chdmehk pididtuhd trhdsolr`hsg, pidgtgehd tgtge ognuaghc nhd mlrudn aldtrlc plgdt, chcu dgchg risiesg oltl. Khsgc yhdm ngnhpht firuph ellrngdht oltl [,W,R, hzg`utk, icivhsg nhd rlcc.

K. Nho Nhothr thr Zust Zustheh heh Vgohg, ^. (6:8?). Qtung ^rhdsolr`hsg Ellrngdht nhrg NMD 8779 ei QVMG  6:81 6:8 1 @idmmud @idmmudhehd hehd @itlni @itlni ^rhdso ^rhdsolr` lr`hsg hsg Fursh Fursh ]lco  ]lco  (Nlatlr   (Nlatlrhc hc ngssirtht ngssirthtgld, gld, Gdstgtut ^iedlclmg Qipucuk Dlpi`fir).  Dumrlkl, F. K., Quwhrnkg, N., & Khrtl, H. F. (6:8?). Hdhcgsgs Zhrh`itir  Lrgidthsg Cuhr Zhnh Eh`irh Dld-@itrge Nidmhd @i`hdohhtehd Qgsti` Vte-Mps. MIL@H^GEH, 68(6), =9-;:. Hfgn Hf gngd gd,, K. R. (6::= (6::=). ). Zi Zidi didt dtuh uhd d pls plsgs gsgg ni nidmh dmhd d MZQ nhd hp hpcg cgeh ehsg sgdyh dyh.. Bhehrth2 Z^ Zrhndyh Zhrh`gth. Kusdh, Kus dh, Q. D., & Qufgyh Qufgyhdtl dtl,, Q. (6:8?) (6:8?).. Zidmmud Zidmmudhhd hhd Zhrh`i Zhrh`itir tir Lrgidt Lrgidthsg hsg Iestir Ies tirdhc dhc (IL) (IL) udtue udtue Lptg`h Lptg`hcg cgshs shsgg Ngmgt Ngmgthc hc ^rghdm ^rghdmuch uchsg sg Oltlmr Oltlmrh`i h`itr trgg udtue  udtue  Eipircuhd Lrtloltl. Burdhc Lrtloltl. Burdhc Milnisg Ydngp, Ydngp, 9(>), 8=;-8;=. Qhwgtrg, Qhwgt rg, Q. (6::=). (6::=). Eldsip Nhshr Zi`ithhd Oltlmrh`itrg Oltlmrh`itrg (_lc. (_lc. _lcu`i _lcu`i >). Qi`hrhdm2 Ydgvirsgths Ngpldimlrl. @hrtkgd, A. (6:89). Ld tki Vllt @ihd Qquhri Irrlr (V@QI) Ahcauchtglds olr Zhrh`itir Istg`htgld lo Zkltlvlcthga `lnics2 Ixhat Hdhcytgahc Qlcutgld Fhsin ld Ch`firt Oudatgld. >1.