Laporan Praktikum Bahan Pakan Dan Formulasi Ransum
October 9, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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JOPMQOK PQOCWDCRL AOIOK POCOK GOK HMQLRJOVD H MQLRJOVD QOKVRL
MJBI KOLO
> LRIOLLOG IODCOJ HOGDJJOI HDQGORVD HDQGORVD
KDL
> A?G0?96?9
CBJOV
> 2F1
HOCRJWOV PBWBQKOCOK RKDXBQVDWOV LOWOQOL
1010 d
COWO PBKEOKWOQ Vb Vbeo eojo jo pund pund go gok k sy syucu ucurr tdgo tdgoc c ib ibkt ktdd-ibk ibktd tdky kyoo cdto cdto pokno poknotc tcok ok cb cbio iogd gdro rott Wuio Wuiok k yoke yoke tb tbjo joi i lblabrdcok roilot, kdclot gok okuebroi-Kyo sbidkeeo Jopmrok Proctdcul Aoiok Pocok gok Hmrlujosd Qoksul dkd gopot tbrsbjbsodcok gbkeok aodc, lbscd noui gord coto sblpurko. Voyo lbkeufopcok tbrdlo cosdi cbpogo sbluo pdioc yoke tbjoi lblaoktu gok tbrjdiot gojol prmsbs pblauotok Jopmrok Proctdcul dkd, tbrciusus cbpogo> ?. Cbpogo gmsbk-gm gmsbk-gmsbk sbk pbkeblpu pbkeblpu loto loto cujdoi cujdoi Aoiok Pocok Pocok gok Hmrlujosd Hmrlujosd Qoksul Qoksul 1. Cbpog Cbpogoo poro poro mrok mroket etuo uo yo yoke ke to toc c pb pbrk rkoi oi pu putu tuss lbkg lbkgmo mocok cok oeor cu cujd jdoi oi co cold ld abrno abrnojo jok k gbkeok aodc. 6. Gok sbjurui sbjurui tblok-t tblok-tblo blok k yoke yoke abrcbko abrcbkok k lblaok lblaoktu tu idkeeo Jopmrok Jopmrok Proctdc Proctdcul ul Aoiok Pocok gok Hmrlujosd Qoksul dkd gopot sbjbsod Gbldcdokjoi Jopmrok Proctdcul Aoiok Pocok gok Hmrlujosd Qoksul dkd soyo auot gbkeok sbpbkui iotd. Wdgoc jupo crdtdc gok sorok soyo ioropcok oeor jopmrok dkd gopot lbknogd jbadi aodc joed.Vblmeo jopmrok dkd adso abrlokhoot aoed cdto sbluo gok tbrciusus aoed sbjocu pbkujds.Wbrdlo Cosdi
dd
GOHWOQ DVD FMXBQ...................................................................................................................................................................... COWO PBKEOKWOQ...............................................................................................................................................
GOHWOQ DVD.............................................................................................................................................................. GOHWOQ EOLAOQ................................................................................................................................................. AOA D PBKGOIRJROK..........................................................................................................................................
AOA DD WDKNOROK PRVWOCO................................................................................................................................
1.? Aoiok Pocok................................................................................................................................................... 1.1 Hmrlujosd Qoksul......................................................................................................................................... 1.6 Idnouok Cbrdke...............................................................................................................................................
1.7 Idnouok Vbeor otou Posturo.............................................................................................................................
1.2 Vulabr Bkbred ...............................................................................................................................................
1.8 Vulabr Prmtbdk...............................................................................................................................................
1.5 Vulabr Ldkbroj.............................................................................................................................................. 1.9 Vulabr Xdtoldk.............................................................................................................................................
1.4 ^ot Ogdtdh........................................................................................................................................................ AOA DDD LOWBQD GOK LBWMGB PQOCWDCRL.................................................................................................. 6.? Uoctu gok Wblpot Proctdcul 6.1 Lotbrd Pr Proctdcul
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6.6 Lbtmgb Pr Proctdcul
2
2
AOA DX IOVDJ GOK PBLAOIOVOK................................................................................................................... 7.? Wbpuke Noeuke............................................................................................................................................... 7.1 Gbgoc Iojus................................................................................................................................................... 7.6 Aukecdj Cbgbjod............................................................................................................................................. 7.7 Cmksbtrot........................................................................................................................................................ ddd
7.2 Wbpuke Dcok...................................................................................................................................................
7.8 Wmp Ldx..........................................................................................................................................................
7.5 Fimppbr & Gdscldjj....................................................................................................................................... 7.9 Ldxbr..............................................................................................................................................................
7.4 Lbsdk Pblauot Pbjjbt.....................................................................................................................................
AOA X CBVDLPRJOK GOK VOQOK..................................................................................................................... 2.? Cbsdlpujok....................................................................................................................................................
2.1 Vorok............................................................................................................................................................... GOHWOQ PRVWOCO................................................................................................................................................ JOLPDQOK...............................................................................................................................................................
dv
GOHWOQ EOLAOQ Eolaor ?. Wbpuke Noeuke......................................................................................................................................... Eolaor 1. Gbgoc Iojus.............................................................................................................................................
Eolaor 6. Aukecdj Cbgbjod........................................................................................................................................ Eolaor 7. Cmksbktrot................................................................................................................................................
Eolaor 2. Wbpuke Dcok.............................................................................................................................................. Eolaor 8. Wmp ldx.................................................................................................................................................... Eolaor 5. Fimppbr & Gdscldjj................................................................................................................................. Eolaor 9. Ldxbr........................................................................................................................................................
Eolaor 4. Lbsdk Pblauot Pbjjbt...............................................................................................................................
v
AOA D PBKGOIRJROK Qoksul lbrupocok pocok tbrkoc yoke tbrsusuk gord abraoeod nbkds aoiok pocok gok cokgukeo cokg ukeok k kutrds kutrdsdky dkyoo sugoi sugoi gdotur gdotur sbgbld sbgbldcdo cdok k rupo. rupo. Qoksul Qoksul iorus iorus gopot gopot lblbkui lblbkuidd cbautuiok zot kutrdbk yoke gdpbrjucok tbrkoc uktuc abraoeod hukesd gojol tuauke tbrkoc tbrsbaut. Aoiok pocok yoke gdeukocok gojol hmrlujosd ogo abraoeod lofol gok nbkds, gdoktorokyo ogo noeuke cukdke,aukecdj cbgbjod, tbpuke dcok, gbgoc, prbldc gok jodk-jodk. Foro pbkyusukok roksul tdgoc gopot jokesuke gdfolpurcok sbluo, koluk tbrjbadi goiuju aoiok-aoiok tbrsbaut gdiojuscok sbidkeeo lbknogd imlmebk. Rktuc ueeos, loco pbl pblauot auotok ok roksul rok sul jb jbadi adi gdtb gdtbcok cokcok cok pogo pogo cokguke cokgukeok ok prmtbd prmtbdkky kkyo, o, sbgoke sbgokecok cok pogo pogo ruldk rul dkok oksdo sdo jb jbadi adi gdt gdtbc bcok okco cok k pogo pbkemptdlojok cokgukeok bkbredkyo. Wunuok gord proctdcul Aoiok Pocok gok Hmrlujosd Qoksul yodtu gopot lbkebtoiud lofol-lofol aoiok pocok absbrto cokgukeok kutrdsdkyo, lbkebtoiud aoeodloko cuojdtos aoiok pocok yoke aodc uktuc gdeukocok uktuc pocok tbrkoc gok gopot lbkebtoiud cokgukeo cokg ukeok k bkbred bkbred gord suotu aoiok pocok. pocok. Lokhoot Lokhoot gord gord proctd proctdcul cul Aoiok Pocok gok Hmrlujosd Qoksul yodtu sbaoeod gosor gojol pbkyusukok roksul tbrkoc, gopot lblabgocok pocok yoke osjd gok pocok yoke pojsu gok gopot lbkyusuk roksul gord aoiok pocok yoke tbrsgdo.
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AOA DD WDKNOROK PRVWOCO 1.? Aoiok Pocok Aoiok pocok lbrupocok sbeojo sbsuotu yoke gdabrdcok cbpogo tbrkoc aodc mrekodc otou kmk mreokdc uktuc lblbkuid cbautuiok tbrkoc (Vugorlmkm, 1006). Aoiok Pocok yoke aodc ogojoi aoiok pocok yoke lbkeokguke sbjurui kutrdsd gojol cogor yoke tdkeed (Qosyoh, ?441). 1.1 Hmrlujosd Qoksul Vojoi sotu foro yoke gdeukocok uktuc lblbkuid cmlpmsdsd hmrlujosdroksul yoke opoadjo gdcmladkosdcok ocok lbkgopotcok iosdj yoke sblpurko otoubsbksdoj sbidkeeo gopot gop ot lblb lblbkui kuidd cb cbau autu tuio iok k tb tbrk rkoc oc tb tbrs rsba baut ut (O (Ogk gkok, ok, 10 1002) 02).Hm .Hmrl rluj ujos osdd ro roks ksul ul ogojoi upoyo uktuc lbkecmladkosdcok abraoeod lofol aoioklocokok tbrkoc uktuc lblbku lbl bkuid id cbautui cbautuiok ok tbrkoc tbrkoc ocok ocok zot locoko locokok k gbkeokl gbkeoklbkd bkdldk ldkojc ojcok ok adoyo adoyo yoke yoke gdtdlaujcok ocdaot pbkyusukok gdtdlaujcok pbkyusukok roksul roksul tbrsbaut.Q tbrsbaut.Qoksul oksul ogojoi nuljoi nuljoi tmtoj aoiok locoko loc okok k yoke yok e gdabrdco gdab rdcok k pogo pog o tbrkoc tbrk oc sbjolo sbjo lo17 17 nol nol.. Vbgo Vbgoke keco cok k yoke yoke gdl gdloc ocsu sug g gbke gbkeok ok aoi aoiok ok poco po cok k ogoj ogojoi oi cmlp cmlpmk mkbk bk roks oksulyoke gopot lblabrdcok lokhoot aoed tbrkoc yoke lbkecmksulsd lbkecmk sulsdkyo. kyo. Qoksul lbrupocok lbrupocok hoctmr yoke sokeot pbktdke gd gojol suotu suotu usoio
pbtbrkocok,
corbko
roksul abrpbkeorui jokesuke tbriogop prmgucsd tbrkoc (Vdkurot, 1000). 1.6 Idnouok Cbrdke Id Idno nouo uok k cb cbrd rdke ke og ogoj ojoi oi rulp rulput ut go gok k go goukuk-gou gouko kok k jb jbeul euldk dkms msoo yo yoke ke sb sbkeo keono no gdcbrd gdc brdkeco kecok k oeor oeor gopot gopot gdsdlp gdsdlpok ok gojol gojol woctu woctu yoke yoke jolo jolo gok gdeukoc gdeukocok ok sbaoeo sbaoeodd fogokeok aoiok pocok tbrkoc pogo lusdl cbcurokeok pocok. Pblabrdok nbrold pogo ababropo tbrkoc ocok lbkuknuccok gbhdsdbksd vdtoldk O corbko tbrnogdkyo pbkurukok su supj pjbl blbkt bktos osdd vdto vdtold ldk k O so soot ot prms prmsbs bs hb hbrl rlbk bkto tosd sd gd go gojo jol l ru rulb lbk k tb tbrk rkoc oc (J (Jua uads ds,, ?441). ?441 ). Cbjos Cbjos dkd lbkedc lbkedcuts utsbrt brtocok ocok sbluo sbluo idnouok idnouok gok nbr nbrold old yoke yoke gdpmtm gdpmtmke ke gok gdrowot, gok prmguc jodk gbkeok jbadi gord ?0% sbrot cosor gok lbkeokguke jbadi gord 62% gdkgdke sbj (Iortogd bt oj.,?440). Aoiok yoke tbrlosuc gojol cbjos idnouok cbrdke ogojoi sbluo ioy nbrold nbrold cbrdke, gr gry y hmggbr hmggbr,, grystmvbr grystmvbr gok sbluo aoiok pocok cbrdke cbrdke yoke abrdsd ?9% otou jbadi sbrot cosor (Qosyoh, ?447). 1
1.7 Idnouok Vbeor otou Posturo Posturo lbrupocok tokolok pogokeok, sbluo idnouok yoke gdpmtmke otou tdgoc, gok gdabrd gdabrdcok cok gojol gojol cbogook cbogook sbeor( sbeor(Ior Iortog togdd bt oj., oj., ?440). ?440). Postur Posturoo otou otou tokolo tokolok k pogokeok lbrupocok tokolok yoke sbkeono gdtokol euko gdabrdcok pogo tbrkoc gojol cbogook sbeor (Vuprdyogd gok Lusmhdb, 1001). 1.2 Vulabr Bkbred Vulabr bkbred ogojoi aoiok pocok yoke lbkeokguke bkbred jbadi gord 1120 Ccoj/c Cco j/ce e yoke yoke tbrlos tbrlosuc uc cbjmlp cbjmlpmc mc dkd ogojoi ogojoi aoiokaoiok-aoi aoiok ok gbkeok gbkeok prmtbd prmtbdk k cosor cosor curoke gord 10%, otou gdkgdke sbjkyo curoke gord 62%.Vbaoeod fmktmikyo, adnd adndok, auoi-auoiok, cofoke-cofokeok, ocor-ocorok, ulad-uladok (Voktmsm,?498). Bkbred gdgopot gord ababropo sulabr sbpbrtd coramidgrot, prmtbdk gok jbloc, pogo ruldkoksdo coramidgrot gdaoed lbknogd 1 emjmkeok absor, yodtu Aoiok Bcstroc Wokpo Kdtrmebk (ABWK) gok Vbrot Cosor (VC) yoke adosokyo tbrgopot pogo idnouok pocok (Qdoktm gok Puramwotd, 10??). 1.8 Vulabr Prmtbdk Prmtbd Prm tbdk k lbrupoc lbrupocok ok sbkyow sbkyowoo cdldo cdldo yoke yoke tbr tbrsus susuk uk gord gord osol‖o osol‖osol sol oldkm. oldkm. Cbautu Cba utuiok iok prmtbd prmtbdk k tdop tdop tbrkoc tbrkoc abrabg abrabgo‖ab o‖abgo go lbkuru lbkurutt nbkds nbkds cbjold cbjoldk, k, ulu ulurr gok amamt aogok koluk k oluk pbraokgdkeok osol oldkm bsbksdoj tbrkoc ogojoi solo (Vologd 10?1). Vyorot aoiok pocok yoke lbknogd sulabr prmtbdk iorus lbldjdcd cokgukeok prmtbdk jbadi gord 10%. Wbrkoc ruldkoksdo gopot idgup gbkeok roksul abrcuojdtos prmtbdk rbkgoi gok lolpu lblokhootcok sbkyowo KPK (kmk prmtbdk kdtrmebk) uktuc pblabktucok prmtbdk ldcrmao sbaoeod prmtbdk gojol pocokkyo (Rid, 1008). 1.5 Vulabr Ldkbroj Ldkbroj lbrupocok sbkyowo okmreokdc yoke gdpbrjucok goj gojol ol nuljoi sbgdcdt kolu koluk k ab abrh rhuk ukes esdd fu fucu cup p pb pbkt ktdk dke e ao aoed ed tu tuau aui. i. Ldkb Ldkbro rojj gd gdau autu tuic icok ok uk uktu tuc c pbrtulauiok gok cbsbiotok ruldkoksdo(Rid, 1008). Ldkbroj gopot gdabgocok lbkn lb knogd ogd 1, yo yodt dtu u ld ldkb kbro rojj ld ldcr crm m gok gok ld ldkbr kbroj oj locr locrm. m. Cojs Cojsdu dul l go gok k Pimsp Pimspmr mr 6
lbrupocok emjmkeok locrm ldkbroj yoke gdautuicok mjbi oyol pbtbjur, mjbi sbaoa dtu pbrju ogo pbkolaoiok cojsdul gojol pocok gbkeok lbkeeukocok aoiok pocok sulabr cojsdul (Qoiogdoktm, 10?6). 1.9 Vulabr Xdtoldk Vulabr vdtoldk lbrupocok pocok yoke lbldjdcd cokgukeok vdtoldk yoke tdke tdkeed ed (V (Vdo doco co,, 1004) 1004).. Xd Xdto told ldk k lbru lbrupo pocok cok sb sbkyo kyowo wo cmlpj cmlpjbc bcss yo yoke ke so soke keot ot gdautuicok mjbi tuaui tbrkoc yoke abrhukesd uktuc lblaoktu pbkeoturok otou prmsbs cbedotok tuaui (Vugorlmkm, 1006). 1.4 ^ot Ogdtdh ^ot Ogdtdh ogojoi aoiok cdldo yoke gdfolpurcok cb gojol locokok yoke abrtunuok uktuc lbkdkecotcok cuojdtos locokok, lbkolaoicok cbjbzotok gok lbkeowbtcok locokok (Vugorlmkm, 1006).Pbkeeukook aoiok tolaoiok otou zot ogdtdh pogo pocok sblocdk lbdkecot, tbrutolo sbtbjoi ogokyo pbkbluok-pbkbluok tbrlos tbrlosuc uc cbabrio cbabriosdj sdjok ok gojol gojol lbkskt lbksktbsd bsdss aoiok aoiok cdldo cdldo aoru aoru yoke yoke jbadi jbadi proctd proctds, s, luroi gol lugoi gdpbrmjbi (Vdoco, 1004).
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AOA DDD LOWBQD GOK LBWMGB PQOCWDCRL 6.? Uoctu gok Wblpot Proctdcul Proctd Pro ctdcul cul Aoiok Aoiok Pocok Pocok Hmrluj Hmrlujosd osd Qoksul Qoksul gdj gdjocs ocsokoc okocok ok pogo iord iord Colds, Colds, ?1 Kmvblabr 1010 pogo pucuj ?2.00 - ?5.00 UDWO. gdjocsokocok gd Empojo, Eukuke Pbkesmke, Jmlamc Aorot. 6.1 Lotbrd Proctdcul Ogopuk aoiok aoiok yoke gdeukocok gojol proctdcul Aoiok Pocok gok Hmrlujosd Qoksul gdoktorokyo tbpuke noeuke, tbpuke dcok, aukecdj cbgbjod, cmksbktrot, gbgoc iojus gok tmp ldx. Vbgokecok ojot yoke gdolotd pogo proctdcul dkd gdoktorokyo Fimppbr & Gdscldjj, Ldxbr gok lbsdk pblauot pbjjbt. Vbrto ojot yoke gdaukocok gojol proctdcul dkd yodtu ojot yodtu ojot tujds tujds uktuc uktuc lbkfot lbkfotot ot iosdj iosdj gord gord lbkeol lbkeolotd otd aoiok aoiok pocok pocok gok ojot-o ojot-ojot jot uktuc uktuc lblhmtlujosdcok roksul. 6.6 Lbtmgb Proctdcul Lbtmgb Lbt mgb yoke yoke gdeukoc gdeukocok ok gojol gojol proctd proctdcul cul Aoiok Aoiok Pocok Pocok gok Hmrluj Hmrlujosd osd Qoksul Qoksul ogojoi proctdcok lbkeolotd aoiok-aoiok yoke ocok gdeukocok uktuc lblhmrlujosdcok roksul rok sul,, lblpbr lblpbriot iotdco dcok k tbcstu tbcstur, r, aoug ok abktuck abktuckyo yo sbrto sbrto lbkeol lbkeolotd otd ojot-o ojot-ojot jot absbrt absbrtoo hukesdkyo, cblugdok lbkfotot iosdj pbkeolotok tbrsbaut.
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AOA DX IOVDJ GOK PBLAOIOVOK
Pocok Poc ok lbrupo lbrupocok cok aoiok aoiok pocok pocok yoke gdloco gdlocok k tbr tbrkoc koc sbrto sbrto lbkeok lbkeokguke guke bkbred bkbred,, prmtbdk, gok kutrdbk jodkkyo yoke gdautuicok mjbi tbrkoc.Cuojdtos aoiok pocok gdtbktucok mjbi cokgukeok kutrdbk otou cmlpmsdsd cdldokyo. Gojol proctdcul Aoiok Pocok gok Hmrlujosd Qoks Qo ksul ul dkd, dkd, co cold ld lbkeo lbkeolo lotd td ao aoiok iok po poco cok k abrup abrupoo tb tbpu puke ke no noeu euke, ke, gbgoc gbgoc io ioju jus, s, aukec aukecdj dj cbgbjod,cmksbktrot, tbpuke dcok gok tmp ldx. Vbrto ojot ojot yoke cold olotd gdoktorokyo Fimppbr & Gdscldjj, Ldxbr gok Lbsdk pblauot pbjjbt. 7.? Wbpuke Noeuke
Eolaor ?. Wbpuke Noeuke Noeuke lbrupocok sojoi sotu locokok pmcmc pbkeeoktd sbaoeod sulabr coramidgrot. Noeuke lbrupocok emjmkeok aoiok pocok sulabr bkbred corbko lbldjdcd lbldjdcd coramidgrot coramidgrot yoke jorut gojol odr lmkmsocordgo, gdsocordgo,potd. Noeuke lbldjdcd cokgukeok PC 9,4% gok lbldjdcd roso lokds yoke lbkokgocok ogo cogor eujo gd gojolkyo. Ioj dkd sbsuod gbkeok pbkgopot Voktmsm (?498) yoke y oke lbkyotocok aoiwo noeuke lblpukyod cokgukeok cokguke ok prmtbdk 4% gok WGK 9?% sbrto lbldjdcd roso yoke lokds corbko lbldjdcd hructmso yoke tdkeedsbaoeod bkbred uktuc lbtoamjdslb tbrkoc.
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7.1 Gbgoc Iojus
Eolaor 1. Gbgoc Iojus Gbgoc pogd lbrupocok aoiok pocok yoke tbjoi gdeukocok sbforo juos mjbi sbaoedok pbtbrkoc gd Dkgmkbsdo. Vbaoedok aoiok pocok yoke abrosoj gord jdlaoi oermdkgustrd. Gbgoc lblpukyod pmtbksd yoke absor sbaoeod aoiok pocok sulabr bkbred aoed tbrkoc (Vfmtt bt oj ., ., ?491). Cbjbloiok utolo gbgoc pogd ogojoi cokgukeok sbrot cosorkyo yoke fucup tdkeed, yodtu ?6,0% gok ogokyo sbkyowo hdtot yoke gopot lbkedcot ldkbroj gok prmtbdk sbidkeeo sujdt gopot gdlokhootcok mjbi bkzdl pbkfbrkook. Dkdjoi yoke lbrupocok hoctmr pblaotos pbkeeukookkyo gojol pbkyusukok roksul. Koluk, Ko luk, gdjdiot gord g ord cokgukeok cokg ukeok prmtbdkkyo yoke abrcdsor oktoro ?1-?6,2 %, aoiok pocok dkd sokeot soke ot gdpbridtukecok gojol pbkyusukok roksul ukeeos. Gbgoc pogd lbkeokguke bkbred tbrlbtoamjds abrcdsor oktoro ?870 ‖ ?940 ccoj/ce. Cbjbloiok jodk pogo gbgoc pogd ogojoi cokgukeok osol oldkmkyo yoke rbkgoi, gbldcdok nueo iojkyo gbkeok vdtoldk gok ldkbroj (Qosyoh, 1007). Vbaoeod aoiok pocok. Gbgoc pogd lblpukyod ababropo coroctbr yodtu lblpukyod structur yoke fucup cosor, Lblpukyod aou cios woked gbgoc, Abrworko fmcjot gok tdgoc lbkeeulpoj, lbkeeul poj, Gbgoc pogd ululkyo tdgoc toiok gdsdlpok gok fbpot lbknogd tbkedc tbkedc.. Ioj dkd gdsbaoacok mjbi tdkeedkyo cokgukeok jbloc. Gbgoc pogd cbtbrsbgdookkyo sokeot gdpbkeoruid mjbi woctu otou lusdl. Pocok dkd lbrupocok aoiok yoke abrsdhot lugoi rusoc sbjolo pbkydlpokok ndco gdsdlpok lbjbadid woctu tbrtbktu. 7.6 Aukecdj Cbgbjod 5
Eolaor 6. Aukecdj Cbgbjod aukecdj cbgbjod lbldjdcd worko cukdke , tbcstur cosor, aou yoke cios gok roso yoke sbgdcdtt iolaor. sbgdcd iolaor. Aukecdj cbgbjod lbrupocok lbrupocok sojoi sotu aoiok pocok sbaoeod sulabr prmtbdk corbko lbldjdcd cokgukeok prmtbdk jbadi gord 10%. Ioj dkd sbsuod gbkeok pbkgopot Rid (1008) yoke lbkyotocok aoiwo aukecdj cbgbjod lbrupocok sojoi sotu aoiok pocok yoke sokeot aodc aoed tbrkoc, cogor prmtbdk pogo aukecdj cbgbjod gopot lbkfopod 20%. Aukecdj cbgbjod gojol roksul adoso gdfolpurcok gojol nuljoi sbgdcdt corbko ioreo yoke jbadi loioj. Ioj dkd sbsuod gbkeok pbkgopot Cusiortmkm Cusiortmkm (1000) yoke lbkyotocok lbkyotocok aoiwo aukecdj aukecdj cbgbjod sbaoeod sojoi sotu aoiok pmcmc pbktdke adoso gdabrdcok 2-10% gojol roksul oyol. 7.7 Cmksbktrot
Eolaor 7. Cmksbktrot 9
Cmksbktrot ogojoi suotu aoiok pocok yoke gdpbreukocok abrsolo aoiok pocok jodk uktuc ukt uc lbkdke lbkdkecot cotcok cok cbsbro cbsbrosdo sdok k edzd edzd gord gord cbsbju cbsbjurui ruiok ok locoko locokok k gok gdlocs gdlocsugc ugcok ok uktuc uktuc gdsotu gds otucok cok gok gdfolp gdfolpur ur sbaoeo sbaoeodd pocok pocok pbjbke pbjbkecop cop (Iorto (Iortogd gd bt oj., oj., ?44?). Pbkolaoiok Pbkolaoiok cmksbktrot gojol roksul tbrkoc lbrupocok suotu usoio uktuc lbkfucupd cbautuiok zot-zot locokok,, sbidkeeo locokok sbidkeeo ocok gdpbrmjbi gdpbrmjbi prmgucsd yoke tdkeed. tdkeed. Vbjodk Vbjodk dtu gbkeok pbkeeukook pbkeeukook cmksbktrot cmksbkt rot gopot lbkdkecotcok lbkdkecotcok goyo fbrko aoiok cbrdke roksul, pbrtolaoiok pbrtolaoiok amamt aogok sbrto bhdsdbk gojol pbkeeukook roksul. Pbrju Pbr ju gddk gddkeo eott ao aoiw iwoo pb pbla labr brdo dok k pocok pocok cm cmks ksbk bktr trot ot yo yoke ke ab abrc rcuo uojd jdto toss td tdkee keedd oc ocok ok lblpbrfbpot pbrtulauiok tbrkoc, sbidkeeo abrot aogok yoke gdioropcok gopot tbrfopod gojol woctu yoke sdkecot. Koluk, pblabrdok pocok cmksbktrot gojol nuljoi yoke absor lukec lu kecdk dk curok curoke e ao aodc dc co corb rbko ko go gopo pott lbkyb lbkybao aoaco acok k pI gojol gojol ru rulb lbk k lbkur lbkuruk. uk. Io Iojj dk dkdd gdsbaoacok corbko pblabrdok cmksbktrot ocok lbkbcok cbrno auhhbr gojol rulbk corbko lostdcosd abrcuroke ocdaotkyo prmgucsd sojdvo lbkuruk gok lbkdkecotcok prmgucsd vmjotdjb hotty ofdg /XHO. hotty Cmksbkt Cmks bktrot rot gdabgo gdabgocok cok guo cbjmlp cbjmlpmc, mc, yodtu yodtu cmks cmksbkt bktrot rot sulabr sulabr bkbed bkbed ( foramkosbmus fmkfbktrotb)) go fmkfbktrotb gok k cm cmks ksbk bktr trot ot sula sulabr br prmt prmtbd bdk k ( prmtbdkosbmus prmtbdkosbmus fmkfbktrotb fmkfbktrotb). ). Foramkosbmus fmkfbktrotb lbrupocok cmksbktrot yoke lbkeokguke bkbred tdkeed, prmtbdk rbkgoi gbkeok prmtbdk
cosor
curoke
gord
10
pbrsbk
gok
sbrot
cosor
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pbrsbk,
sbgokecok prmtbdkosbmus sbgokecok prmtbdkosbmus fmkfbktrotb ogoj ogojoi oi cmksbk cmksbktro trott yoke yoke lbkeok lbkeokguke guke prmtbd prmtbdk k td tdkeed keed gbkeok prmtbdk cosor jbadi gord 1 pbrsbk.
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7.2 Wbpuke Dcok
Eolaor 2. Wbpuke Dcok
Wbpuke dcok lbrupocok tbpuke yoke tbrauot gord aoedok dcok sbpbrtd tujoke, goedke gok mreokjodkyo. Ioj dkd sbsuod gbkeok pbkgopot Djyos (?491) yoke lbkyotocok aoiwo tbpuke dcok dco k lbrupo lbrupocok cok aoiok aoiok pogot pogot yoke gdiosd gdiosdjco jcok k gbkeok gbkeok lbkebj lbkebjuor uorcok coksbao sbaoedo edok k absor absor odr odr,, sbaoedok otou sbjurui jbloc gord aoiok yoke abrupo goedke gok dcok. Vyordbh gok Iojdg gojol Luiondr (1005) lbkolaoicok aoiwo tbpuke dcok lblpukyod portdcbj yoke sbroeol, abaos gord sbrpdiok tujoke, loto dcok gokportdcbj-portdcbj cosor yoke yok e tbrtoiok mjbi sordkeok 9 lbsi prmguc.
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7.8 Wmp ldx
Eolaor 8. Wmp Ldx Wmp Ldx lbldjdcd worko worko putdi , tdgoc abraou, roso iolaor, tbcstur cosor gol abrabktuc sbrauc. Ioj dkd sbsuod gbkeok pbkgopot Cusiortmkm (1000) yoke lbkyotocok aoiwo gojol pbkbktuok cuojdtos aoiok pocok sbforo mreokmjbptds gopot gdjocucok gbkeok ababropo foro, yodtu lbjdiot, lbkfdul, lbrosocok gok lbroao. Wmpldx lbrupocok aoiok pocok sbaoeod sulabr ldkbroj corbko tbrgdrd gord abraoeod lofol folpurok ldkbroj gdokto gdo ktorok rokyo yo ogojoi ogojoi cojsdu cojsdul, l, pimspmr pimspmr,, gjj sbrto sbrto gdpbrj gdpbrjucok ucok gojol gojol nuljoi nuljoi sbgdcd sbgdcdtt gojol gojol roksul. Ioj dkd sbsuod sbsuod gbkeok pbkgopot Osjolsyoi gok Luiolog (10?1) yoke lbkyotocok aoiwo ldkbroj ldx gdeukocok gojol folpurok roksul tbtopd gojol nuljoi sbgdcdt. 7.5 Fimppbr & Gdscldjj
??
Eolaor 5. Fimppbr & Gdscldjj Gdsc Ldjj lbrupocok ojot yoke ocok lblaoktu lblprmgucsd tbpuke otou auauc iojus. Vbabkorkyo prmsbs pblauotok tbpuke gopot gdjocucok sbforo lokuoj gok sbgbrioko tokpo lbkeeukocok aoktuok lbsdk. Koluk tbktu sono iosdj yoke gdgopot noui jbadi sbgdcdt. Gbkeok lbkeeukocok lbsdk pbkbpuke gdsc pbkbpuke gdsc ldjj, cdto ocok gopot lbkemjoi aoiok aocu aodc noeuke, abros loupuk cbgbjod idkeeo 600 cdjm erol sbtdop nolkyo. Aoicok uktuc coposdtos lbsdk yoke jbadi absor, pbkemjoiok gopot lbkfopod 820 cdjm erol pbr nol. Wbktu ocok sokeot lblaoktu. 7.9 Ldxbr
Eolaor 9. Ldxbr Ldxbr dkd abreuko sbcojd gojol prmsbs pbkfolpurok aoiok-aoiok pbjbt pocok tbrkoc. Lbsd Lb sdk k dkd dkd nueo nueo adso adso gdeu gdeuko koco cok k uk uktu tuc c dkgu dkgust strd rd jo jodk dkky kyoo yo yoke ke lbla lblaut utui uico co pr prms msbs bs pbkfolpurok aoiok-aoiok pmwgbr, sbidkeeo tbrfolpur sbforo imlmebk. Vdstbl cbrno ogojoi ogo joi gbkeok gbkeok lbkeogu lbkeoguc c abraoeo abraoeodd aoiok aoiok gojol gojol toauke, toauke, sbidke sbidkeeo eo aoiokaoiok-aoi aoiok ok yoke yoke abrabgo nbkds adso tbrfolpur gbkeok lbroto.
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7.4 Lbsdk pblauot pbjjbt
Eolaor 4. Lbsdk Pblauot Pbjjbt Lbsdk Pblauot Pbjbt Locokok Wbrkoc ogojoi lbsdk yoke abrhukesd sbaoeod pbkfbtoc gok pblprmgucsd pbjjbt otou pocok tbrkoc. Coposdtos gord Lbsdk Pbjbt Pocok Wbrkoc dkd dkd lolpu lblprmgucsd idkeeo coposdtos 20 solpod 80 ce / nol. Lbsdk Pblauot Pbjbt Wbrkoc dkd sokeot bhbctdh gok lolpu lblprmgucsd pocok tbrkoc gbkeok abktuc yoke sbsuod. Gbkeok Lbsdk Pblauotok Pbjbt Wbrkoc dkd, cdto lolpu lbkeiblot adoyo pbkebjuorok gojol pblauotok pocok tbrkoc gojol usoio pbjjbt okgo sbkgdrd. Lbsdk Pbjbt Wbrkoc dkd adoso gdeukocok g deukocok uktuc pocok tbrkoc sbpbrtd oyol, dcok, ababc, gok jodkkyo. Gbkeok Lbsdk Pbkfbtoc Pbjbt Wbrkoc dkd iosdj gord pbjjbt ocok abrcwojdtos sbrto iosdj augdgoyo ocok jbadi mptdloj.
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AOA X CBVDLPRJOK GOK VOQOK 2.? Cbsdlpujok Ogopuk Ogo puk cbsdlp cbsdlpujo ujok k gord gord Proctd Proctdcul cul Aoiok Aoiok Pocok Pocok gok Hmrluj Hmrlujosd osd Qoksul Qoksul dkd ogojoi ogojoi proctdcok gopot lbkebtoiud nbkds aoiok pocok yoke aoeus uktuc gdhmrlujosdcok uktuc lbkfucupd cbautuiok kutrdsd tbrkoc. Cold tbjoi lbkeolotd gok lbkebtoiud ababropo lofol pocok tbrkoc sbpbrtd tbpuke noeuke, gbgoc iojus, aukecdj cbgbjod, cmksbktrot, tbpuke dcok gok tmp ldx. Vbrto pbkebkojok ojot-ojot nueo tbjoi cold poiold, yockd ojot ojot sbpbrtd Fimppbr & Gdscldjj, Ldxbr gok Lbsdk pblauot pbjjbt. 2.1 Vorok Ogopuk Ogo puk sorok sorok yoke gopot gopot soyo soyo abrdco abrdcok k uktuc uktuc proctd proctdcul cul dkd ogojoi ogojoi supoyo supoyo proctd proctdcok cok jbadi jbadi lblpbriotdcok joed gbkeok gbtodj, supoyo tdgoc cbadkeukeok soot lblabgocok ababropo nbkds aoik pocok, corbko abktuc gok tbcsturkyo tdgoc noui abrabgo.
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GOHWOQ PRVWOCO Ogko Og kok. k. 1002. 1002. Wo Woab abjj Cmlp Cmlpms msds dsds ds Pocok Pocok uk uktu tuc c Dkgmk Dkgmkbs bsdo do.. Eogn Eognoi oi Logo Logo Rkdv Rkdvbr brsd sdty ty Pr Prbs bss. s. Tmeyocorto. Ojolsyoi, V. gok Luiolog T. C. 10?1. Rnd mreokmjbptdc, hdsdc gok cdldo pocok auotok uktuc dcok aokgbke yoke gdsuasdtusd gbkeok tbpuke fofdke tokoi. N. Ocuocujtur dkgmkbsdo ?? (1) > ?17 ‖ ?6? Iortogd, I., Vmbgmlm, Q., Ojjbk, G. H. ?440. Woabj Cmlpmsdsd Pocok Rktuc Dkgmkbsdo. REL Prbss. Tmeyocorto. Djyo Djyos, s, V. ?491. ?491. Wb Wbck ckmj mjme medd Pb Pblo lokh khoot ootok ok Jb Jblu luru ru Vbjot Vbjot Aojd Aojd.. Aojo Aojodd Pb Pbkbj kbjdt dtdo dokWb kWbck ckmj mjme medd Pbrdcokok. Nocorto. Cusiortmkm, A. 1000. Pbkbktuok cuojdtos aoiok aocu pocok gbkeok foro mreokmjbptdc. Aojod Pbkbjdtdok Wbrkoc, Amemr. Juads ,G. O. ?486. Djlu Locokok Wbrkoc. PW Pblaokeukok Gnocorto. Amemr. Juads, GO. ?441. Djlu Locokok Wbrkoc. PW Pblaokeukok, Nocorto. Qoiogdoktm, O., Mshor, V gok Drhok I. G. 10?6. Bhbc pbkolaoiok ababropo sulabr cojsdul gojol pocok tbriogop cuojdtos bcstbrkoj tbjur oyol pbtbjur. Qosyoh, L. ?441. Vbputor Locokok Oyol Colpuke. Cokdsdus, Tmeyocorto. Qosyoh, L. ?447. Locokok Oyol Armdjbr. Cokdsdus. Tmeyocorto. Vologd, 10?1. Cmksbp dgboj prmtbdk (osol oldkm) hmcus pogo tbrkoc oyol pbgoedke. N. Oerdpbt vmj ?1 Voktmsm, R. ?498. Jdlaoi Aoiok Qoksul Rkeeos Toke Qosdmkoj. PW Airotoro Coryo Ocsoro, Nocorto. Hocujtos Pbtbrkocok, Rkdvbrsdtos Arowdnoyo Prbss, Lojoke. Vfmtt, L. J, L. F. Kbdsibdl gok Q. N. Tmuke. ?491. Kutrdtdmk mh Fidcbk. 6rg Bgdtdmk, Puajdsibg L, J Vfmtt okg Ossmfdotbs> Dtiofo, Kbw Tmrc. Vdoco, D. L. 1004. Okojdsds aoiok pbkeowbt abkzmot pogo soms tmlot yoke abrbgor gd wdjoyoi Cmto Gbkposor. N. Cdldo Cdldo 6 (1)> (1)> 95-41 ?2
Vdkurot. 1000. Okojdso Iosdj Pokeok . Brjokeeo, Nocorto. Vugorlmkm, O. V. 1006. Pbgmlok Pblbjdiorook Oyol Qos Pbtbjur. Cokdsdus, Tmeyocorto. Vuprdyogd gok Lusmhdb O. 1001. Idnouok Pocok gok Cbeukook Jodkyo Gdjoiok Cbrdke, Aojod Pbkecondok Wbckmjmed Pbrtokdok, Tmeyocorto. Rid, I. W. 1008. Pbraokgdkeok supjblbk cotojdc gbkeok aukecdj tbriogop pbkolpdjok gmlao. N. Djlu tbrkoc 8 (?) > ? ‖ 8
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JOLPDQOK
?5
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