Laporan Praktikum 2 Paiyan Pandiangan (1506723313)

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM ENDAPAN MINERAL BIJIH DAN HIDROTERMAL DESKRIPSI MINERAL PRAKTIKUM KE-2

Oleh:

Nama

: Paiyan Pandiangan

NPM

: 1506723313

Kelompok

:C

Laboratorium Petrologi & Mineralogi Program Studi Geologi Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia

Foto Mineral : Nama dan Nomor Mineral

Malachite (51)

Rumus Kimia

CU(CO3)(OH2)

Sistem Kristal / Habit

Monoklin/massif

Kilap

Vitreous-Dull

Warna

Hijau Kecoklatan

Warna Goresan / Streak Color

Hijau

Kekerasan / Hardness

3,5-4

Genesa, Sifat Khusus, Kegunaan : (karbonat)

A common secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zone of copper deposits; locally may be an ore of copper. Association: Azurite, cuprite, cerussite, chrysocolla, calcite. “limonite”. When found in large pieces, the banded the banded variety of Malachite makes a precious ornamental stone. Small ornamental objects, such as boxes and animal figures, are carved out of this compact stone, and if  properly polished, they can be valuable. Daftar Pustaka :

www.minerals.net/mineral/malachite.aspx http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/malachite.pdf

Foto Mineral :

Genesa, Sifat Khusus, Kegunaan : Dolomite forms in a different crystal class, differing from the Calcite group minerals. This can be noted by the fact that Dolomite generally forms more elongated crystals than those of the Calcite group. In addition, Dolomite never occurs in scalenohedral crystals, whereas minerals of the Calcite group do. Dolomite is used to make magnesia, which has important medicinal applications. It is important in the chemical industry for the preparation of magnesium salts. It is also used in soil mixtures to lower the acid levels of the soil.

Daftar Pustaka :

http://www.minerals.net/mineral/dolomite.aspx

Nama Mineral dan Nomor mineral

Dolomit (27)

Rumus Kimia

CaMg(CO3)2

Sistem Kristal / Habit

Heksagonal / Masif

Kilap

Vitreous-weaksi

Warna

Jingga, putih kemerahan

Warna Goresan / Streak Color

Putih

Kekerasan / Hardness

3,5-4

Foto Mineral :

Genesa, Sifat Khusus, Kegunaan : Goethite is named after Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), the famed German poet, philosopher, biologist, and mineral enthusiast. Individual crystals are in small, flattened blades and plates, or finely acicular with a velvety appearance. Most often in botryoidal, reniform, or  stalactitic aggregates of  radiating crystals or ball-like crystals. Also grainy, in veins, concretionary, oolitic, and in earthy masses. Goethite often assumes the shape of other minerals forming a pseudomorph in place of the original mineral or as a coating above it. Goethite is used as an ore of iron.

Daftar Pustaka :

http://www.minerals.net/mineral/goethite.aspx

Nama Mineral dan Nomor Mineral

Goetit (32)

Rumus Kimia

(FeO(OH))

Sistem Kristal / Habit

Ortorombik / Masif

Kilap

Sub metalik

Warna

Coklat kehitaman

Warna Goresan / Streak Color

Coklat

Kekerasan / Hardness

5-5,5

Foto Mineral :

Genesa, Sifat Khusus, Kegunaan : Limonite is extremely common and forms the coloring matter in many soils. It is also responsible for the coloring on the weathered surfaces of rocks. Much Limonite, especially the fibrous type, is either  Goethite or  alter ed Goethite that absorbed water in its chemical structure.  Limonite does not form in crystals. It occurs amorphous in earthy, massive, botryoidal, mammilarystalactitic, and fibrous form. May also form as a pseudomorph after other minerals, especially Pyrite, Siderite, and Marcasite. Limonite in a ore of iron and is used as a pigment in the manufacture of paints. Besides for a few aesthetic lustrous botryoidal forms of Limonite, as well as the interesting pseudomorphs, Limonite is not of much interest to collectors. Daftar Pustaka :

http://www.minerals.net/mineral/limonite.aspx

Nama Mineral dan Nomor Mineral

Limonite (48)

Rumus Kimia

FeO(OH)·nH 2O

Sistem Kristal / Habit

Amorf / Masif

Kilap

Earthy

Warna

Coklat

Warna Goresan / Streak Color

Coklat

Kekerasan / Hardness

2,5-4

Foto Mineral :

Genesa, Sifat Khusus, Kegunaan : Calcite is a constituent of all mineral environment, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Calcite belongs to the calcite group of minerals, a group of related carbonates that are isomorphous with one another. They are similar in many physical properties, and may partially or fully replace one another, forming a  solid solution series.  All members of the calcite group crystallize in the trigonal system, have perfect rhombohedral cleavage,  and exhibit strong double refraction in transparent rhombohedrons. Calcite is indispensable in the construction industry, forming the base of cement. Many important chemicals are created from Calcite, as well as useful drugs. It is also crucial in the manufacture of fertilizers, metals, glass, rubber, and paint. Daftar Pustaka :

http://www.minerals.net/mineral/calcite.aspx

Nama Mineral dan Nomor Mineral

Calcyte (19)

Rumus Kimia

CaCO3

Sistem Kristal / Habit

Trigonal / Masif

Kilap

Vitreous

Warna

Putih transparan

Warna Goresan / Streak Color

Putih

Kekerasan / Hardness

2,5-4,5

Foto Mineral :

Genesa, Sifat Khusus, Kegunaan : Environment: In sedimentary limestone deposits, hypothermal veins and mesothermal veins, and in hydrothermalr eplacement deposits. Occasionally in basalts. Sphalerite is a common mineral, and occurs in many distinct colors and forms. Iron impuritiesare often present in this mineral, and for this reason it is not commonl y transparent. If Sphalerite contains a large amount of iron impurities, it will have a metallic dark gray or black color, which is typical of most sulfide minerals. Sphalerite is one of the few minerals that can range from gemmy transparent crystals to dark, metallic- black crystals. Sphalerite is the principle ore of zinc. In some localities, it occurs with significant amounts of the rare elements cadmium, gallium, and iridium, and it is also the main ore of those metals. Sphalerite is an important mineral to collectors, and some transparent varieties are occasionally faceted for collectors.

Daftar Pustaka :

http://www.minerals.net/mineral/sphalerite.aspx

Nama Mineral dan Nomor Mineral

Sphalerite (66)

Rumus Kimia

(Zn,Fe)S

Sistem Kristal / Habit

Kubik / Granular

Kilap

Metalik

Warna

Hitam

Warna Goresan / Streak Color

Coklat

Foto Mineral :

Genesa, Sifat Khusus, Kegunaan : Environment: In sedimentary rock layers and in hydrothermal and mesothermal metal ore veins. Rarely in alteredbasalts. Barite often replaces other minerals, and may even replace organic materials such as wood, shells, and fossils. It sometimes forms tufacious mounds from deposition of hot, barium-rich springs. It is isomorphous and very similar in form with the mineral Celestine,  and may partiallyreplace it. Crystals are tabular, prismatic,  and as grainy, platy, and coxcomb aggregates. Individual crystals are often twinned,  and can be quite large. May also  be bladed, massive, nodular, fibrous, stalactitic,  and as perfect rosettes. Crystals occasionally contain phantom growths. Barite is the main ore of the element barium. It is also important in the manufacture of paper and rubber. Barite is also used in radiology for x-rays of the digestive system.

Daftar Pustaka : http://www.minerals.net/mineral/barite.aspx

Kekerasan / Hardness

5,5-6,5

Nama Mineral dan Nomor Mineral

Barit (13)

Rumus Kimia

BaSO4

Sistem Kristal / Habit

Ortorombik / Lamelar

Kilap

Vitreous

Warna

Putih kekuningan

Warna Goresan / Streak Color

Putih

Kekerasan / Hardness

2,5-4,5

Nama Mineral

Galena (31)

Rumus Kimia

PbS

Sistem Kristal / Habit

Kubik / Blocky

Kilap

Metalik

Warna

Abu-abu perak

Warna Goresan / Streak Color

Hitam

Foto Mineral :

Genesa, Sifat Khusus, Kegunaan : Environment: In sedimentary limestone deposits, hypothermal veins and mesothermal veins, in hydrothermalr eplacement deposits, and in placer deposits. Rarely in basalts and diabase. Galena is a primary mineral.  Most of the lead minerals, such as  Cerussite and Anglesite are secondary minerals  formed from Galena. Impurities in the structure of Galena, such as silver and bismuth, may change Galena's cleavage properties. Galena containing bismuth may exhibit octahedral cleavage, and silver in Galena may cause a specimen to exhibit flaky, slightly bent cleavage fragments. Galena is by far the greatest ore of lead. The extraction process to remove the lead from the sulfur is very simple, thus lead has been extracted from Galena since the earliest times. Another use of Galena was its importance in early radio devices.

Daftar Pustaka :

http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/galena.pdf

Kekerasan / Hardness

2,5-