Laporan Praktik Kerja Lapangan Sahrul Rama Ansori Nim E10016073

 

L@YO]@D F@]A NUYN]JNDBN

YNAM^@S@D Y^Y^K S]JBEOKOAYOR CJ ]^A@E KOAYOR O]H@DJK  SN]@S@J CJ KNL^]@E@D S@L@DH M@K^DH KNB@A@S@D Y@@L AN]@E Y]OVJDRJ G@AMJ

OLNE R@E]^L ]@A@ @DRO]J  N09906982

F@K^LS@R YNSN]D@K@D ^DJVN]RJS@R G@AMJ =9=9

0

 

Y]@K@S@

Yu Yugj gj syuk syukur ur kn kne` e`cj cjr` r`tt @ll` @ll`e e RXS RXS mn mnrk rk`` r` r`ea ea`t `t-D -Dy` y` pn pndu dulj ljss c` c`p` p`tt andynlns`jk` andynl ns`jk`d d c`d anl`ks`d`k`d anl`ks`d`k`d l`por`d l`por`d  F`ra Nxpnrjndbn  Nxpnrjndbn  Mnrgucul ‑Ynamu`t`d Yupuk Yupu k Srjbeok Srjbeokoap oapos os cj ]ua`e ]ua`e Koapos Koapos Orh`dj Orh`djk k Snr`t` Snr`t`tj tj cj Knlur` Knlur`e`d e`d S`l`dh S`l`dh M`ku M` kudh dh Knb` Knb`a` a`t` t`d d Y` Y``l `l Anr` Anr`e e Yr Yrovj ovjds dsjj G` G`am amjj‑. ^b` ^b`p`d p`d tnr tnrja ja`k`s `k`sje je pndulj pnduljss s`ap`jk`d knp`c` Jmu Yrof. Cr. Jr. ^bop E`rond, A.R. snm`h`j pnamjamjdh  F`ra  Nxpnrjndbn c`d  Nxpnrjndbn  c`d M`p`k Soe` @dsorj snl`ku snl`ku pnajljk pnajljk rua`e koapos orh`djk orh`djk tnr`t`j. tnr`t`j. C`d Ynduljs andhub`pk`d m`dy`k tnrja` k`sje knp`c` kncu` or`dh tu` y`dh snl`lu anamnr ana mnrjj sna`dh` sna`dh`tt c`d cukudh` cukudh`d d snejdh snejdhh` h` pnduljs pnduljs c`p`t andynl andynlns` ns`jk`d jk`d  F`ra  Nxpnrjndbn jdj.  Nxpnrjndbn  jdj. Ynduljs andy`c`rj m`ew` c`l`a pnduljs`d l`por`d  F`ra Nxpnrjndbn jdj a`sje m`dy`k knkur`dh`d, A`k` c`rj jtu pnduljs andnrja` a`suk`d c`d s`r`d c` c`rj rj pn pnam am`b `b`` y` y`dh dh sj sjf` f`td tdy` y` anam anam`dh `dhud ud.. Rnaoh` Rnaoh` mn mnra ra`d `df` f``t `t m` m`hj hj hn hndn dnr` r`sj sj  pntnrd`k`d y`dh `k`d c`t`dh.

G`amj, Anj =9=9

Ynduljs

=

 

C@FS@] JRJ

 

E`l`a`d

Y]@K@S@ @S@ ……………………………………………………......... ........ ......... ... C@FS C@ FS@] @] JRJ. JRJ.... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...

j jj

C@FS@] C@F S@] H@AM@] H@AM@].... ....... ...... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...... ........ .......... .......... ......... ....

jj jjjj

M@M J. YNDC@E^L^@D

0.0.. L` 0.0 L`t` t`rr Mnl` Mnl`k` k`dh dh .. .... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..

0

0.=.. Sugu 0.= Sugu`d `d.. .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ...... .....

=

0.2.A 0.2 .A`d `df` f``t `t.. .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... .... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... ..... ..

=

M@M JJ. Y]ORNC^] KNHJ@S@D

=.0. Sn Snap`t c c``d X` X`ktu………………………………………….

2

=.=. =.=. Yr Yros osnc ncur ur Kn Knrg rg`. `.... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ...... ...

2

=. =.2. 2. @d` @d`lljsjs sjs C`t C`t`…… `……………… …………… …………… ………….. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..

3

M@M JJJ. E@RJL C@D YNAM@E@R@D

2.0. Ko Kodcjsj ^a ^aua ^s ^s`e` Ko Koapos Sn Snr`t`j…………………….

>

2.= Yn Ynd dh`l`a` `a`d F`ra Nxpn pnrrjndb dbnn…………………………..... ...... ...

6

2.2. Yr Yro osns Yndhol` ol`e`d Yu Yupuk Sr Srjbeo eok koapos…………………..

8

2.3. Yndhna`s`d Yupuk Srjbeokoapos………………………... Srjbeokoapos………………………... .

:

M@M JV.KNRJAY^L@D C@D R@]@D

3.0. 3.0. Knsj Knsjap apul ul`d `d.. .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... 3.=. R` R`rr`d………………………………………………………...

09 09

C@FS@] Y^RS@K@……………………………………………………..

00

2

 

C@FS@] H@AM@] 

E`l`a`d

H`am`r 0. Yrosns Ynamu`t`d Yupuk Srjbeokoapos………………………

2

H`am`r =. Kn`c``d ^aua ]ua` ua`e Koapo poss Orh`djk Snr`t`j…………….

>

H`am H` am`r `r 2. Yros Yrosns ns Fnr Fnrandt andt`s `sjj c`d c`d Yndh Yndhnr nrjd jdh` h`d d Yupu Yupuk k Srj Srjbe beok okoa oapo pos… s…… …

5

H`am`r 3. Yndhna`s`d Yupuk Srjbeokoapos……………………………. Srjbeokoapos…………………………….

:

3

 

M@M J YNDC@E^L^@D

0.0. L`t`r L`t`r Mnl`k`dh Mnl`k`dh

]ua` ]u a`e e ko koap apos os orh` orh`dj djk k Snr` Snr`t` t`jj aj ajlj ljk k M` M`p`k p`k Soe` Soe` anru anrup` p`k` k`d d s` s`l` l`e e s` s`tu tu  pntnrd`k`d s`pj r`ky`t y`dh tnrlnt`k cj Knlur`e`d S`l`dh M`kudh Knb`a`t`d Y``l Anr` An r`e e Yrov Yrovjd jdsj sj G` G`am amj. j. Rn Rntj tj`p `p e` e`rj rjdy dy`` pn pntn tnrd rd`k `k`d `d s` s`pj pj ajlj ajljk k M`p` M`p`k k Soe` Soe` anaprocuksj kotor`d s`pj snm`dy`k kur`dh lnmje 059 Kh ljam`e p`c`tdy`. ]ua`e koapos orh`djk tnl`e anaprocuksj pupuk orh`djk p`c`t mnrup` trjbeokoapos y`dh tnrmu`t c`rj b`apur`d fnbns s`pj cndh`d G`aur S jbeocnra` sp. sp. ^dtuk andc`p`tk`d  pupuk orh`djk y`dh mnrku`ljt`s pnrlu cjl`kuk`d pndhol`e`d ljam`e fnbns s`pj aul`j c` c`rj rj pnrsj pnrsj`p `p`d `d m` m`e` e`d, d, pnamu` pnamu`t` t`d d bndc` bndc`w` w`d d Srjbeo Srjbeocnra` cnra` Rp Rp,, pro prosns sns pnamu`t pnamu`t`d `d koapos jtu sndcjrj c`d pndhna`s`d pupuk pu puk s`ap`j prosns pndcjstrjmusj`d. Srjbeob Srj beoboap oapos os anrup` anrup`k`d k`d s`l`e s`l`e s`tu s`tu mndtuk mndtuk pupuk pupuk orh`dj orh`djk k koapos koapos y`dh andh an dh`d `dcud cudh h g` g`au aurr `d `dt` t`hod hodjs js Srjbe Srjbeocnra` ocnra` sp sp.. An Andu durrut D`cn D`cn`k `k nt `l `l., .,   (=903) Srjbeocnra` sp  sp  mnrfudhsj snm`h`j cnboaposnr m`e`d orh`djk c`d snk`ljhus snm`h`j  pndhndc`lj omgnk pndhndc`lj t`d`a`d pndy`kjt tul`r t`d`e snpnrtj  sbnlrotjua sp,  peytjua sp, fus`rjua sp, peyteoptor` sp c`d rejzoptodj` sp sp.. Rnsu`j cndh`d pndc`p`t  D`cn`k nt `l ..,, (=903 (=903), ), pu pupuk puk ko koap apos os c` c`rj rj ko koto tor` r`d d s` s`pj pj y`dh y`dh andhh andhhud` ud`k` k`d d Srjbeocnra` sp m`dy`k sp m`dy`k andh`dcudh udsur e`r` c`d anajljkj kna`apu`d snm`h`j `dt`hodjs tnre`c`p pndy`kjt `dt`hodjs pndy`kjt tul`r t`d`e snpnrtj snpnrtj g`aur  fus`rjua  fus`rjua,, g` g`au aurr  peytopeor`  peytopeor`,, c`d c`d g`aur `aur  peytjua  peytjua   cndh`d cndh`d b`r` b`r` andhnl andhnlu`r u`rk`d k`d r`bud r`bud (t (toks oksjd) jd) udtuk udtuk anamudu anamudue e  g`aur-g`aur y`dh anruhjk`d tnrsnmut, snejdhh` c`p`t andjdhk`tk`d pnrtuamue`d c`d c`d procuksj t`d`a`d g`hudh a`djs. Koapos tjc`k e`dy` and`am`e udsur e`r`, tnt`pj guh` andg`h` fudhsj c`rj t`d`e snejdhh` t`d`a`d c`p`t mnrtuamue cndh`d m`jk  (Rntyomucj, (Rnty omucj, =902).Rnl`jd =902).Rnl`jd snm`h`j orh`djsan pndhur`j pndhur`j,, Srjbeocnra` sp  sp  c`p`t pul`  mnrfudhsj snm`h`j `hnd e`y`tj c`d stjaul`tor pnrtuamue`d t`d`a`d.Yndhhud``d Srjbeocnra` sp p`c` sp p`c` pnamu`t`d Srjbeoboapos mnrtugu`d udtuk andyncj`k`d udsur  e`r` a`kro c`d ajkro, anapnrm`jkj struktur t`d`e, anauc`ek`d pnrtuamue`d `k`r 

>

 

t`d`a`d, and`e`d `jr, andjdhk`tk`d `ktjfjt`s mjolohjs ajkroorh`djsan t`d`e y`dh andhud and hudtud tudhk`d hk`d,, andjdh andjdhk`t k`tk`d k`d YE p`c` t`d`e t`d`e `s`a `s`a c`d snm`h`j snm`h`j pndhndc pndhndc`lj `lj`d `d  pndy`kjt tul`r t`d`e.Rnl`jd jtu pnd`am`e`d Srjbeocnra` sp  sp  p`c` p`c` pnamu`t pnamu`t`d `d pupuk  Srjbeokoapos jdj s`dh`t nfnktjf cjhud`k`d udtuk andyumurk`d t`d`e c`d andbnh`e  pndy`kjt g`aur p`teohnd p`c` t`d`a`d pnrknmud`d snpnrtj k`rnt, k`k`o, p`p`y`, knl`p` s`wjt c`d l`jd snm`h`jdy`.Cjs`a snm`h`jdy`.Cjs`apjdh pjdh jtu guh` pnd`am`e`d pnd`am`e`d Srjbeocnra` sp  p`c` pnamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos c`p`t cjhud`k`d p`c` t`d`a`d eoltjkultur` snausja snpnrtj t`d`a`d b`m`j, toa`t, c`d tnrodh.Ynd`am`e`d Srjbeocnra` sp p`c` sp p`c`  pnamu`t`d

pupuk

Srjbeokoapos

guh`

nfnktjf

cjhud`k`d

udtuk

andbnh`e

 pnrknam`dh`d c`d pndynm`r`d g`aur p`tohnd y`dh tuamue p`c` tudhhul k`yu, k`yu , sjs`sjs` `k`r k`yu c`d sjs`-sjs` pnl`puk`d k`yu. Mnrc`s Mnr c`s`rk `rk`d `d l`t`r l`t`r mnl`k` mnl`k`dh dh cj`t`s cj`t`s a`k` a`k` cjl cjl`ku `kuk`d k`d  f`ra nxpnrjndbn  nxpnrjndbn  cndh`d anlje`t m`h`ja`d` b`r` pnamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos cj rua`e koapos orh`djk  tnr`t`j cj Knlur`e`d S`l`dh M`kudh Knb`a`t`d Y``l Anr`e Yrovjdsj G`amj.

0.=.. Sugu` 0.= Sugu`d d

Sugu`d F`ra Sugu`d  F`ra Nxpnrjndbn jdj Nxpnrjndbn jdj `c`l`e udtuk udtuk andhnt`euj andhnt`euj prosns pnamu`t`d pnamu`t`d pupuk  Srjbeok Srj beokoap oapos os c`rj c`rj kotor` kotor`d d tnrd`k tnrd`k s`pj mnrup` mnrup` fnbns fnbns y`dh cj procuksj procuksj cj rua`e rua`e koapos orh`djk tnr`t`j .

0.2. A`df``t A`df``t

A`df``t y`dh cjpnrolne c`rj pnl`ks`d``d F`ra pnl`ks`d``d  F`ra Nxpnrjndbn jdj Nxpnrjndbn  jdj `c`l`e a`e`sjsw` andc`p and c`p`tk `tk`d `d pndh`l` pndh`l`a`d a`d,, kn`elj kn`elj`d, `d, kntnr` kntnr`apj apjl`d l`d,, c`d kna`ap kna`apu`d u`d a`d`gn a`d`gnrj` rj`ll keususdy` c`l`a prosns pnamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos c`rj kotor`d tnrd`k s`pj cj rua`e koapos orh`djk tnr`t`j.

6

 

M@M JJ Y]ORNC^] KN]G@

=.0. Snap`t c`d X`ktu

Knhj`t`d F`ra Knhj`t`d  F`ra Nxpnrjndbn cjl`k cjl`ks`d`k`d s`d`k`d p`c` t`dhh`l t`dhh`l 09 @hust @hustus us =90: s`ap`j 09 Rnptnamnr =90: snl`a` 0 mul`d mnrtnap`t cj ]ua`e Koapos Orh`djk Snr`t`j ajljk m`p`k Soe`, Gl. Snr`t`j ]S/]X 9=2/999 Knlur`e`d S`l`dh M`kudh Knb`a`t`d Y``l Anr`e Yrovjdsj G`amj.

=.=. Yrosncur Knrg`

Yrosncur knrg` c`l`a knhj`t`d  F`ra Nxpnrjndbn  Nxpnrjndbn  `c`l`e pndh`a`t`d l`dhsudh tnre`c tnre`c`p `p knhj`t` knhj`t`d d pnamu` pnamu`t`d t`d pupuk pupuk Srjbeok Srjbeokoap oapos os cj ]ua`e ]ua`e Koapos Koapos Orh`dj Orh`djk  k  Snr`t`j. Snr`t `j. Yrosns Yrosns pnamu`t`d pnamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos Srjbeokoapos cjrua`e cjrua`e koapos orh`djk tnr`t`j c`p`t cjlje`t p`c` H`am`r 0 cj m`w`e jdj. Fn Fnbbns s`pj Rnk` Rnk`a a p`cj p`cj

6> % , >% ,

Rnrmuk hn hnrrh`gj 0>% Ljam` jam`e e hnt hnt`e 0>% 0>%

M`e`d M`ku 7 Fnbns s`p `pjj, Rnrmu muk k hnrh`gj, Rnk` Rnk`a a p`cj p`cj,,

Srjbeocnra` sp 9,> kh c`d `jr =9 Ljtnr 

Ljam Ljam`e `e hnt hnt`e, `e,

Fnrandt`sj snl`a` =0 E`rj

Srjbeokoapos

H`am`r 0. Yrosns Ynamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos orh`djk tnr`t`j cj Knlur`e`d S`l`dh M`kudh Knb`a`t`d Y``l Anr`e Yrovjdsj G`amj.

8

 

=.2. @d`ljsjs C`t`

C`t` C` t` y`dh y`dh cjej cjejap apud ud c`l`a c`l`a  F`ra Nxpnrjndbn  Nxpnrjndbn  tnr tnrcjr cjrjj c`rj c`rj c`t` c`t` prjanr prjanr c`d snkudc snk udcnr. nr. C`t` C`t` prjanr prjanr cjpnro cjpnrolne lne cndh`d cndh`d b`r` b`r` pndh`a pndh`a`t` `t`d d l`dhsu l`dhsudh dh (om (omsnr snrv`s v`sj) j) anljputj pndh`a`t`d snb`r` l`dhsudh pnd`apudh`d kotor`d tnrd`k s`pj, pnrsj`p`d  m`e`d t`am`e`d y`jtu snrmuk hnrh`gj, snk`a p`cj, ljam`e hnt`e, `jr c`d Srjbeocnra`  sp,, snrt` prosns pnamu`t`d Srjbeokoapos, prosns fnrandt`sj, c`d pndhna`s`d pupuk   sp Srjbeokoapo Srjbe okoapos. s. Rnc`dhk`d Rnc`dhk`d c`t` snkudcnr anljputj anljputj prnsndt`sj pndhhud``d m`e`d m`e`d pnamu`t`d Srjbeokoapos c`l`a s`tu k`lj prosns pnamu`t`d.

5

 

M@M JJJ E@RJL C@D YNAM@E@R@D

2.0. Kn`c``d ^aua ]ua`e Yupuk Srjbeokoapos Orh`djk Snr`t`j

]ua`e pupuk Srjbeokoapos orh`djk tnr`t`j cjcjrjk`d p`c` t`dhh`l 0> @prjl =902 y`dh tnrlnt`k cj Gl. Snr`t`j Knlur`e`d S`l`dh M`kudh Knb`a`t`d Y``l Anr`e Yrovjdsj G`amj. Yndcjrj ]ua`e Koapos Orh`djk Snr`t`j `c`l`e M`p`k Soe`, M`p`k  Soe` anrup`k`d snor`dh pntnrd`k s`pj potodh cj c`nr`e t`l`dh m`kudh. R`pj y`dh cjpnlje`r` p`k toe` snm`dy`k : nkor, y`dh a`d` c`rj : nkor s`pj t`cj andhe`sjlk`d kot` kot`rr`d p`c` p`c`tt kur` kur`dh dh lnmj nmje sn snm` m`dy dy`` 059 059 Kh. Kh. Cndh Cndh`d `d kn`c kn`c`` ``d d jd jdjj s`d `dh` h`tt anaudhkjdk`d udtuk cj ol`e andg`cj pupuk koapos orh`djk. ^dtuk andhe`sjlk`d pupuk orh`djk p`k toe` anamu`t rua`e koapos cndh`d aoc`l pjdg`a`d c`rj m`dk cndh`d ukur`d 0>x=9 a = udtuk k`p`sjt`s pndyjap`d`d 89 tod pupuk koapos. ]ua`e koapos y`dh cjcjrjk`d jtu cjmnrjk`d d`a` rua`e koapos orh`djk tnr`t`j c`d anajljkj s`tu or`dh pnh`w`j snm`h`j pnknrg` c`d tnrlnt`k snkjt`r  =9 a c`rj rua`e p`k toe`. ^dtuk lnmje gnl`sdy` rua`e koapos orh`djk tnr`t`j c`p`t cjlje`t p`c` H`am`r =.

H`am`r =. ]ua`e koapos orh`djk tnr`t`j cj Knlur`e`d S`l`dh M`kudh Knb`a`t`d Y``l Anr`e Yrovjdsj G`amj.

:

 

2.=. Yndh`l`a`d F`ra Nxpnrjndbn

Knhj`t`d F`ra Knhj`t`d  F`ra Nxpnrjndbn cjl`ks`d`k`d Nxpnrjndbn cjl`ks`d`k`d cj ]ua`e Koapos Orh`djk Snr`t`j cj Knlur`e`d S`l`dh M`kudh knb`a`t`d Y``l Anr`e Kot` G`amj snl`a` 0 mul`d cjaul`j  p`c` t`dhh`l 09 @hustus s`ap`j cndh`d 09 Rnptnamnr =90:. G`cw`l  F`ra  Nxpnrjndbn cjaul`j  Nxpnrjndbn  cjaul`j p`c` pukul 95.99 XJM s`ap`j 02.99 XJM snl`a` 2 e`rj c`l`a snajdhhu p`c` e`rj gua‚`t, s`mtu c`d ajdhhu. Knhj`t`d F`ra Knhj`t`d  F`ra Nxpnrjndbn jdj Nxpnrjndbn jdj cjaul`j  pukul 95.99 p`hj cndh`d anl`kuk`d knhj`t`d pnamnrsje`d k`dc`dh s`pj, Ynamnr Yna mnrsj sje`d e`d k`dc`dh k`dc`dh cjl`ku cjl`kuk`d k`d cndh`d cndh`d b`r` b`r` anamnr anamnrsje sjek`d k`d kotor` kotor`d d tnr tnrd`k d`k s`pj s`pj cndh`d cnd h`d b`r` b`r` andhua andhuapul pulk`d k`d p`c` kot`k kot`k pnd`apu pnd`apudh` dh`d d fnb fnbns ns y`dh y`dh `k`d `k`d cj ol`e ol`e andg`cj pupuk Srjbeokoapos. Rntnl`e k`dc`dh mnrsje snl`dgutdy` p`c` pukul 09.99 XJM cjl`kuk`d pnamnrsje`d ljdhkudh`d k`dc`dh `dt`r` l`jd pnamnrsje`d sjs`-sjs`  p`k`d y`dh tnrg`tue cj l`dt`j. Rntnl`e knhj`t`d pnamnrsje`d k`dc`dh c`d ljdhkudh`d k`dc`dh snlns`j, knhj`t`d snl`dgutdy` `c`l`e anapnrsj`pk`d pnamu`t`d `l`t c`d m`e`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos. M`e`d M`e `d udtuk udtuk pnamu` pnamu`t`d t`d pupuk pupuk Srjbeok Srjbeokoap oapos os tnr tnrcjr cjrjj c`rj c`rj snmuk snmuk hnrh`g hnrh`gj, j, lj ljam` am`e e hn hnt` t`e, e, snk` snk`a a p`cj, p`cj, Sr Srjb jbeo eocnr cnra` a` sp c`d `jr. Ynamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos cj ]ua`e Koapos Orh`djk Snr`t`j andhhud`k`d `l`t y`jtu hnrom`k sorodh, ansjd beoppnr, b`dhkul, k`rudh, namnr c`d pl`stjk. snl`dgutdy` p`c` pukul 00.=9 XJM ‒  02 02.9 .99 9 XJM XJM

kn knhj hj`t `t`d `d  f`ra nxpnrjndbn  nxpnrjndbn  snl`dgutdy snl`dgutdy`` cjl`kuk`d cjl`kuk`d pnamu`t`d pnamu`t`d pupuk 

koapos cndh`d b`r` fnrandt`sj cndh`d andhhud`k`d trjbeocnra` sp. sp.   Rn Rnl` l`a` a` anl`k anl`ks` s`d` d`k`d k`d  F`ra nxpnrjndbn Yna Ynamu` mu`t`d t`d Srjbeok Srjbeokoap oapos os e`dy` e`dy` cjl`kuk`d 0 k`lj c`l`a s`tu mul`d, pnamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos p`c` knhj`t`d  f`ra nxpnrjndbn  nxpnrjndbn  jdj jdj e` e`dy` dy` cjl` cjl`ku kuk`d k`d 0 k` k`lj lj c` c`l` l`a a s` s`tu tu mu mul` l`d, d, k` k`rn rnd` d` pr pros osns ns  pnamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos mnrl`dhsudh snl`a` =0 e`rj.

09

 

2.2. Yrosns Ynamu`t`d Yupuk Srjbeokoapos

Ynamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos cjaul`j c`rj pnrsj`p`d m`e`d m`ku y`dh tnrcjrj c`rj fnsns s`pj, snrmuk hnrh`gj, ljam`e hnt`e ejt`a, snk`a p`cj, c`d Srjbeocnra` Rp. Rp. Y`c` us`e` pndhol`e`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos cj rua`e koapos orh`djk tnr`t`j. Fnsns cjpnro cjp nrolne lne c`rj c`rj kotor` kotor`d d tnrd`k tnrd`k s`pj s`pj pnlje` pnlje`r`` r``d d sndcjr sndcjrjj c`d c`rj c`rj mnrm`h mnrm`h`j `j tnap`t tnap`t  pntnrd`k`d s`pj y`dh `c` cjsnkjt`r tnap`t tjdhh`l M`p`k Soe`. Knaucj`d kotor`d tnrd`k s`pj cj knrjdhk`d cj m`w`e sjd`r a`t`e`rj knaucj`d cjb`apurk`d cndh`d  m`e`d m`ku m`k u pnamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos c`d snl`dgut`dy` cjl`kuk`d pndb`b`e`d `h`r kotor`d tnrd`k s`pj bnp`t knrjdh. M`e` M` e`d d m` m`ku ku ud udtu tuk k pn pnam amu` u`t` t`d d trjb trjbeo eokoa koapo poss `c `c`l `l`e `e ko koto tor` r`d d tn tnrd rd`k `k s` s`pj pj,, Srjbeoc Srj beocnra nra` ` Rp, Ljam`e hnt`e ejt`a, snrmuk hnrh`gj, snk`a p`cj, c`d `jr. M`e`d  m`ku tnrsnmut cjpnrolne cndh`d anamnlj p`c` tnap`t pna`sok m`e`d-m`e`d m`e`d- m`e`d tnrsnmut. Ynamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos cj rua`e koapos orh`djk tnr`t`j c`l`a s`tu k`lj  pnamu`t`d y`jtu snm`dy`k > tod cndh`d gual`e koaposjsj fnsns s`pj 2,=> tod. snrmuk  hnrh`gj snm`dy`k 8>9 kh. A`df``t c`rj pndhhud``d snrmuk hnrh`gj snm`h`j m`e`d  m`ku pnamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos gnl`s s`dh`t m`dy`k m`jk c`rj snhj nkodoajs `t`upud c`rj snhj ljdhkudh`d, cj`dt`r`dy` c`p`t ana`dhk`s mj`y` procuksj snrt` c`p`t andg`h` udsur e`r` c`l`a t`d`e k`rnd` t`dp` andhhud`k`d m`e`d kjaj` c`d cndh`d andhhud`k`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos y`dh andh`dcudh snrmuk hnrh`gj kodcjsj c`rj t`d`e tjc`k `k`d andh`l`aj pndurud`d ku`ljt`s. ljam`e hnt`e snm`dy`k 8>9 kh y`dh anajljkj k`dcudh`d D, Y, c`d K y`dh bukup tjdhhj y`dh c`p`t mnra`df``t udtuk pnrtuamue` pnrtuamue`d d t`d`a`d, snk`a p`cj snm`dy`k snm`dy`k =>9 kh. snk`a p`cj anajljkj anajljkj udsur ut`a` protnjd, lna`k, snr`t k`s`r c`d k`rmoejcr`t. A`df``t snk`a p`cj snm`h`j  m`e`d t`am`e`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos y`jtu pnd`dhk`l b`bjdh c`d mnkjbot, c`d c`p`t anapnrm`jkj anapn rm`jkj struktur struktur t`d`e c`d andjdhk`tk`d andjdhk`tk`d porosjt`s porosjt`s t`d`e Rnejdhh` snk`a p`cj anajljkj potndsj y`dh c`p`t cjhud`k`d snm`h`j m`e`d t`am`e`d pnamu`t`d koapos, `jr =9 L c`d Srjbeocnra` Rp 9,> kh. Z`dh a`d` cndh`d cjmnrjk`ddy` cjmnrjk`ddy` Srjbeocnra`  sp an anru rup`k p`k`d `d s` s`l` l`e e s` s`tu tu up up`y` `y` c` c`l` l`a a andj andjdh dhk`t k`tk`d k`d kn knsu sumu mur` r`d d t` t`d` d`e e c` c`l` l`a a andc an dcuk ukudh udh pnrtu pnrtuam amue ue`d `d t` t`d` d`a` a`d, d, y` y`jt jtu u cndh` cndh`d d pn pndhh dhhud ud`` ``d d Srj Srjbeoc beocnra nra` ` sp

00

 

snm`h` snm `h`jj `hnd e`y`tj e`y`tj y`dh y`dh a`apu a`apu andcnhr andcnhr`c` `c`sj sj m`e`d m`e`d orh`dj orh`djk k snejdh snejdhh` h` lnmje lnmje tnrsncj`ddy` e`r` m`hj pnrtuamue`d t`d`a`d (NY@. =9997 Vjtnrmo nt `l ., ., =996). Yr Yros osns ns fn fnra rand ndt` t`sj sj cjl` cjl`kuk kuk`d `d sn sntn tnl` l`e e sn snau au`` m` m`e` e`d d cj b` b`ap apur ur c`d cj cjmnr mnrjj Srjbeocnra` Srjbe ocnra` Rp, knaucj knaucj`d `d m`e`d cj b`b`e andhhud`k`d h`ruk ejdhh` m`e`d-m`e`d m`e`d-m`e`d snau snau`` tnrb tnrb`a `apur pur r` r`t` t`.. Rntnl Rntnl`e `e r` r`t` t` m` m`e` e`d-m d-m`e `e`d `d tn tnrs rsnm nmut ut kn knau aucj cj`d `d cj cjtu tutu tup p andhhud`k`d tnrp`l ejdhh` r`p`t `h`r tnrg`cj fnrandt`sj y`dh snapurd`. Y`c` prosns fnrandt`sj sueu cjpnrkjr`k`d `dt`r` =>- 3>·B. Andurut Y`rcosj nt `l ., ., (=903) Rueu fnra fnrand ndt` t`sj sj cjpn cjpnrt rt`e `e`d `dk` k`d d `d `dt` t`r` r` 29 ‒ >9 ·B. Yn Ynam amnr nrj` j`d d m` m`e`d e`d or orh` h`dj djk k y` y`dh dh cjcnkoaposj cjcnko aposjsj sj olne g`aur s`profjt s`profjt Srjbeo Srjbeocnra` cnra` sp sp a`apu  a`apu ana`bu gual`e m`t`dh c`d pnrtua pnrtuamue` mue`d d t`d`a` t`d`a`d. d. Anduru Andurutt ]jdnks ]jdnkso o (=90=) (=90=),, fnr fnrand andt`s t`sjj `c`l`e `c`l`e pnrn`k pnrn`ksj sj cndh`d cnd h`d andhhu andhhud`k` d`k`d d Mjok`t Mjok`t`lj `ljss udtuk udtuk andhum` andhum`e e m`e`d m`e`d m`ku andg`c andg`cjj procuk. procuk. Rntnl`e cj tutup andhhud`k`d tnrp`l, pupuk cj b`b`e knam`lj p`c` e`rj kn 2 c` c`d d cj b`b`e b`b`e kn knam am`l `ljj sn sntj tj`p `p 2 e`rj e`rj sn snk` k`lj lj s` s`ap ap`j `j e` e`rj rj kn =0 =0.. Ynd Yndb` b`b` b`e` e`d d gu guh` h` cja`ksuck`d cja`k suck`d udtuk anapnrbnp`t anapnrbnp`t prosns prosns pndhnrjdh`d pndhnrjdh`d p`c`pupuk p`c`pupuk Srjbe Srjbeokoapos okoapos.. Knaucj`d Knaucj `d sntnl`e sntnl`e m`e`d m`ku knrjdh, knrjdh, snl`dgutdy snl`dgutdy`` cjl`kuk`d cjl`kuk`d pndbopnr`d m`e`d m`ku y`dh tnl`e cj fnrandt`sj t`cj andhhud`k`d ansjd beoppnr. ^dtuk lnmje gnl`sdy` c`p`t cjlje`t p`c` H`am`r 2.

H`am`r 2.Yrosns fnrandt`sj pupuk Srjbeokoapos cj rua`e koapos orh`djk tnr`t`j cj Knlur`e`d S`l`dh M`kudh Knb`a`t`d p``l Anr`e Yrovjdsj G`amj.

0=

 

2.3. Yndhna`s`d Yupuk Srjbeokoapos

Rntnl`e snau` snlns`j, pupuk koapos tnrsnmut sj`p udtuk cjkna`s cja`suk`d c`l`a tnap`t pl`stjk y`dh mnrsje snm`dy`k > kh y`dh tnl`e cj mnrj l`mnl snsu`j d`a`  procuk y`jtu Srjbeokoapos. Rntnl`e cj a`suk`d knc`l`a pl`stjk c`d knaucj`d cj lna c`d cj kna`s andhhud`k` andhhud`k`d d k`rudh cndh`d mnr`t mnr`t 39 kh pupuk Srjbeokoapo Srjbeokoapos. s. Rnl`dgutdy` sntnl`e snlns`j cjl`kuk`d pndhna`s`d cj gu`l kn toko-toko pnrt`dj`d y`dh `c` cj Kot` G`amj c`d cj lnt`k`d cj cnp`d rua`e mjl` `c` y`dh anamnlj. Yupuk  Srjbeokoapos cndh`d mnr`t > kh cj gu`l ]p. 8.>99 pnr kna`s`d c`d kna`s`d 39 Kh  pupuk Srjbeokoapos cjgu`l cndh`d e`rh` ]p. >9.999 pnr k`rudh. udtuk lnmje  gnl`sdy` c`p`t cjlje`t p`c` H`am`r 3.

H`am`r 3. Yndhna`s`d Yupuk Srjbeokoapos cndh`d mnr`t > kh cj rua`e koapos orh`djk tnr`t`j cj Knlur`e`d S`l`dh M`kudh Knb`a`t`d Y``l Anr`e Yrovjdsj G`amj.  

02

 

M@M JV KNRJAY^L@D C@D R@]@D

3.0. Knsjapul`d

Mnrrc`s` Mn c`s`rk rk`d `d knhj knhj`t `t`d `d  f`ra

nxpnrjndbn

y` y`dh dh

tn tnl` l`e e

cj cjl` l`ks ks`d `d`k `k`d `d

c` c`p` p`tt

cjsjap cjs japulk ulk`d `d m`ew` m`ew` Yupuk Yupuk Srjbeo Srjbeokoa koapos pos y`dh `c` cj ]ua`e ]ua`e Koapos Koapos Orh`dj Orh`djk  k  Snr`t`j cj kna`s cndh`d = gndjs gndjs kna`s`d snsu`j mnr`t mnr`t pupuk tnrsnmut y`jtu mnr`t 39 kh c`d > kh. snl`jd jtu p`c` pnamu`t`d pupuk Srjbeokoapos y`dh mnr`c` cj ]ua`e Koap Ko apos os Or Orh` h`dj djk k Sn Snr` r`t` t`jj tn tnrs rsnm nmut ut su suc` c`e e tn tnrh rhol olod odh h m` m`jk jk cj cjlj lje` e`tt c` c`rj rj pr pros osns ns  pndb`b`e`ddy` c`d pndhhjljdh`d suc`e andhhud`k`d ansjd boppnr tjc`k l`hj andhhud`k`d `y`k`d a`du`l snejdhh` a`d`hnandt w`ktudy` suc`e m`jk. 3.=.R`r`d

Mnrc`s`rk`d Mnrc` s`rk`d knhj`t`d f`ra knhj`t`d  f`ra nxpnrjndbn  nxpnrjndbn  y`dh tnl`e cjl`ks`d`k`d cjl`ks`d`k`d cjs`r`dk`d cjs`r`dk`d `h`r  and`am`e tnd`h` knrg` snejdhh` pnamu`t`d pupukdy` lnmje bnp`t cjknrg`k`d c`d tjc`k ana`k`d w`ktu l`a` p`c` s``t pndboppnr`d c`d pndhna`s`ddy`.

03

 

C@FS@] Y^RS@K@

M`l`j

Yndnljtj`d S`d`e, =99>. Yupu puk k Orh`dj djk k Sjdhk`tk`d Yroc ocu uksj Ynrt`dj`d.www.pust`k`-cnpt`d.ho.jc Ynrt`dj`d. www.pust`k`-cnpt`d.ho.jc.. Cj`ksns p`c` t`dhh`l == G`du`rj =9=9.

Mnte Mn te`a `a,, Z. Z.E., E., E. Must` Must`a` a`d,@ d,@.C .C.. Dus` Dus`dt dt`r `r`, `, N. Jd Jdor orj` j`e e c` c`d d ]j ]jws ws`dc `dcj. j.0:: 0::6. 6. Anam`dcjdhk`d Kna`apu`d Hljobbl`cjua, Y`bnjloaybns c`d Srjbeocnra` sp C`l`a Anrnput Gnr`aj Y`cj Hoho. L`por`d Yroynk OYF. ^djvnrsjt`s Mndhkulu, Mndhkulu. NY@.=999. Srjbeocnra` E`zj`dua ]jf`j E`zj`dua ]jf`j Rtr`jd S-2: (00:=99) Snbedjb`l Cokuandt. Nrjbksod A, Brjtznr. F, @dc Coyln.A.(=992), Rbjndbn Of Orh`djb X`stn Brjtnrj` For  @dja`l A`durn, Yrocubn R`fnty Yrognbt, Hnorhntowd ^djvnrsjty. E`rcgowjhndo, R`rwodo.=992. Jlau S`d`e. Yndnrmjt @k`cnajk` Yrnssjdco7 G`k`rt`. Y`rcosj, @. E., Jrj`dto c`d Aukesjd., =903. ]nspods S`d`a`d R`wj tnre`c`p Yupuk  Orh`djk B`jr Ljam`e R`yur`d p`c` L`e`d Knrjdh ^ltjsol. G`amj7 ^djvnrsjt`s G`amj.. Yrosjcjdh G`amj Yrosjcjdh Rnajd`r D`sjod`l L`e`d Rumoptja`l Rumoptja`l =903, Y`lnam`dh Y`lnam`dh =6=8 Rnptnamnr =903 JRMD 7 :8:->58->=:-:. ]jdnkso, M.K., N. Rutrjsdo., R. Ruajy`tj., =90=.Rtucj Ynamu`t`d Yupuk Orh`djk B`jr  C`rj Fnrandt`sj ^rjdn R`pj (Fnrjs`) Cndh`d V`rj`sj Lok`l Yntnrd`k`d Z`dh Mnrmnc`. ^djvnrsjt`s Cjpodnhoro, Rna`r`dh. Rntyot Rnt yotjdj jdj,, C. ]., & R`r`sw R`r`sw`tj `tj,, c`d @dw`r, @dw`r, N. K. (=996) (=996).Koa .Koapos pos.Gu .Gurd` rd`ll Yupuk  Yupuk  Orh`djk c`d Yupuk E`y`tj. =(2), 00-39. Ry`a, @. (=992). Nfnktjvjt`s Yupuk Orh`djk c`d @dorh`djk tnre`c`p Yrocuktjvjt`s Y`cj cj L`e`d R`w`e. Gurd`l @hrjvjhor 2 (=), =2=‒=33. Xul`dh, Z. C., c`d B. Se`ljm., =90=.Nv`lu`sj Yndhnam`dh`d Ynamjmjt`d Knrm`u Cj K`mup`tnd Ruam` Sjaur. Lok`k`ry` D`sjod`l Ynrmjmjt`d Knrm`u =90= Cj R`a`rjdc`.

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