Laporan Peralatan Pabrik Belt Conveyor

REPORT FACTORY EQUIPMENT

Belt Conveyor By : Group 4 Azhar Karim

(1210912014)

Kanzul Fadhil

(1210913033)

Lecturer : Dr. Eng. Samsul Huda

Mechanical Engineering Engineering Faculty Andalas University Padang, 2016

I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background In an industry, sometimes there are heavy materials and dangerous for humans. Therefore we need an equipment for transporting the material because there is limited ability (power) of human labor whether it be the capacity of the material to be transported or the safety of the human labor himself. The removal or transporting is the process of moving materials or goods using certain methods and equipment. One of the type of transportating equipment for transporting material is conveyor. Conveyor is used in various industries as transportation of various materials in the industry environment. Materials transported are from raw materials to the manufacturing product, including moving material between the work station. Developments concerning conveyor technology already widely in design with a variety of types and functions, one of that is a belt conveyor. Belt conveyor has function to transport unit load and bulk load. 1.2 Problem Formulation Because of the need of belt conveyor in industry and also the importance of this equipment, we need to have the knowledge about this equipment. This knowledge including basic information and princple of this equipment that is usually used in industry. 1.3 Purpose To know general principle of belt conveyor and information in industry about this equipment.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definition Belt Conveyor is one of transportation equipment to transport material in the form of powder, sand, coal, etc., using one or two motor that will drive pulley and carrier belt (belt) by a transmission or gear box reductant rounds and belt carried by pulley mounted between the head pulley and tail pulley. Belt Conveyor can be used to move material either in the form of unit load or bulk material and horizontally position or tilted position. What is meant by the unit load are the objects that normally can be counted in number one by one, for example, boxes, bags, beams etc. While the bulk material is material in the form of grains, powder or powder, such as sand and cement. The track of belt conveyor can be installed horizontal belt, inclination, inclination and horizontal combination. Depending on friction coefficient and slope angle between the material that is being transported. In practice the angle of inclination ranging between 7o – 10o smaller than the angle of friction belt material. This is due to a decrease in belt (belt sag) between the idler roller, so the inclination is greater than the inclination of the belt itself. The working principle of this belt conveyor is to transport the material that is placed on the belt, where the feed or inlet on the side of the tail using a chute, and after arriving in the head material spilled as a result of belt-turn. Belt driven by the drive / head pulley using a motor. Head pulley belt pull with the principle of friction between the surface of the drive belt, so the capacity of it depends on the frictional force.

Figure 2.1 Belt Conveyor Construction

2.2 Belt Conveyor Component There are several main components of belt conveyor as follows : 1. Belt Belt is a component that serves to bring the materials transported (transferred). The type of rubber belt can be textile belt, metal belt, steel cord belt. The most widely used type is the type of textile rubber belt.

Figure 2.2 Belt

Requirement of belt : - Resistance impact and tensile loading - Low spesific elongation - Should be flexible, light, and cannot absorb the water

2. Bending the belt Component that is used for bending the belt. Such as : 

The last pulley or the middle pulley



Arrangement of the roller



Loading and the flexibillity of the belt.

3. Idler Idler has function supporting the belt. Based on the position of idler there are several type of it as follows : a. Carrying Idler Carrying Idler is used to support loading belt.

Figure 2.3 Carrying Idler

b. Impact Idler Impact Idler that is located in the inlet of the material .Impact Idler is made more strict and having more thickness to resistance or support from the impact loading.

Figure 2.4 Impact Idler

c. Return Idler Return Idler is used to support the empty belt.

Figure 2.5 Return Idler

d. Steering Idler Steering Idler has function to avoid the belt for not being missed from it’s roller and and move in the existing track.

Figure 2.6 Steering Idler

4. Centering Device It has function to avoid the belt for not being missed from it’s roller. 5. Driven Motor Electrical motor is widely used to drive the pulley. The power of this motor is depending of the need.

Figure 2.7 Motor and Gear Box

6. Drive Pulley In belt conveyor the power is moved to the belt by the existense of friction between pulley and belt, because the belt is attached around the pulley that is driven by the motor.

Figure 2.8 Drive Pulley

7. Take-Up Pulley This component has function to set up the tension of belt and to avoid the slip that will be happened between belt and driven puley, because of the belt elongation.

Gambar 2.9 Take Up and Counter Weight

8. Snub Pulley This component has function to keep the balancing of belt tension in driven pulley.

Figure 2.10 Snub Pulley

9. Hopper This is a funnel that is located at the front and at the back of belt conveyor for loading and pouring materials.

Figure 2.11 Hopper

10. Frame This is a frame where the components of the belt conveyor is arranged in it. Frame also has function to have the slope and the height of belt conveyor.

Figure 2.10 Frame

11. Feeder This is the component that is used to load material in a constant speed. 12. Trippers : This is the component that is used to poar the load in a certain place. 2.3

Benefit and Weakness of Belt Conveyor

The benefit of belt conveyor as follows : 1. Reducing the cost and transporting time. 2. Increase efficiency of transporting material. 3. Saving space.

The weakness of belt conveyor as follows : 1. The belt can be damaged by sharpen materials. 2. If there is a damage in one component we cannot to transport the materials. 2.4

Belt Capacity in Belt Conveyor We can calculate in by using this equation as follows :

Where :

T = Weight of material (ton/hour) A = Slice of the area (sq ft) S = Speed of Belt (ft/mnt) W = Material Density (lbf/cft)

2.5

Maintenance of Belt Conveyor Once you've installed the perfectly-designed, top-quality conveyor line,

you may think it's time to relax. But “smooth operators” know that regular monitoring reduces downtime, lost production and maintenance expense. Consider the use of a preventive maintenance log or checklist for items that should be inspected on a regular/continuing basis—perhaps weekly, monthly, or semi-annually. Your parts manager could make suggestions to coincide with the following steps: 1. Photo-eyes—weekly: Check the lens to be sure sensitivity is adjusted properly (not seeing a roller, lighting, etc.). 2. Pneumatic solenoids—weekly: Listen for air leaks and correct (replace cracked poly-flo, loose air fittings, etc.). 3. Conveyor belt for roller conveyor—monthly: Be sure belting is tracked properly and that tensioning is properly adjusted. Note: When tightening the belt, remember to tighten it only enough to drive the product. Check the drive pulley for wear. If the lagging is worn through, it must be replaced. Keep belt and lacing on hand to repair worn or torn areas. 4. Clear debris from under/inside conveyors—monthly: Clear debris from under conveyor and around drive/take-up pulleys. 5. Mesh conveyors—semi-annually: Open belt and clear debris that has collected around the shaft and drive sprockets. If belt stretch has occurred (less drive), remove a few links to tighten the belt. Check belt modules and pins for wear, and replace both if excessively worn. 6. Lubricate—semi-annually: Grease drive chains, bearings, drive and takeup pulleys (pillow block bearings).

7. Rollers—as required: Replace any noisy, squeaking bearings. Check hexrods and slots for wear. Worn slotted bars can be replaced. Hex rods generally are captive in the roller; those rollers should be replaced. 8. Other—as required: Air filter/regulator, adjust brakes, pressure trays. Following these steps to properly maintain your conveyor system will lead to product longevity and a passing grade on your inspections.

III. METHODOLOGY Flowchart

START

LITERATURE REVIEW

DISCUSSION

DO THE REPORT

FINISH Figure 3.1 Flowchart

IV. Closing 4.1 Conclusion 1. Conveyor is a transporting equipment. 2. Principle work of conveyor because of the movement of pulley that is driven by motor. 3. There are several annual check for preventive maintenenace in belt conveyor.

REFERENCES Association) “Belt Conveyors for Bulk Materials,” Chaners Publishing Company, Inc. 6Th edition. (pp 218-230). Siregar, Fauzi. -. Alat Transportasi Benda Padat . Program Studi Teknik Kimia FakultasTeknik Universitas Sumatera Utara