Laporan Pendahuluan Hepatitis A Edit 3
September 6, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Fdp`tctcs `m`h`f su`tu pdr`m`jg`j p`m` f`tc y`jg tdrk`mc l`rdj` tolscj sdpdrtc/lcac` `t`u on`t `t`u `gdj pdjy`lct cjedlsc (@suf` (@s uf`j j ld pd r` w` t` j p`m` p`m` `j`l, `j`l, >22>< >22>< 090) 090) Fdp`tctcs vcrus `lut adup`l`j pdjy`lct cjedlsc y`jg pd j yd n` r `j j y` h u `s m` h `a tunuf w`h`upuj dedl y`jg adjyohol adjyohol tdrk`mc p`m` f`tc mgj adandrcl`j g`an`r`j lhcjcs y` jg ac rc p y` jg m` p `t nd r e ` rc `s c m` r c l d ` m` `j s un lh c jc s t ` jp ` gd k `h ` fc j gg ` l d `m ` ` j cjedlsc `lut y`jg e`t`h. (,Yyhvc` @. prcid, 0334< =93). Fdp`tctcs `m`h`f su`tu prosds pdr`m`jg`j mceus p`m` k`rcjg`j y`jg m`p`tmcsdn`nl`j ohdf cjedlsc vcrus m`j ohdf rd`lsc tolscl tdrf`m`p on`t'on`t`j sdrt` n`f`j-n`f`j lcac`. (Yukojo F`mc, 0333). F`tc tdrhdt`l mc n`w`f mc`er`ga` l`j`j, mchcjmujgc n`gc`j n`w`f tuh`jg cg` l`j`j. l`j`j. F`tc jora`h ldjy`h ldjy`h m d j g ` j pdraul``jjy pdraul``jjy`` y`jg hcicj (If`jmr`soa`, >225). F`tc adrup`l`j ldhdjk`r tunuf y`jg p`hcjg
0
nds`r mdjg`j ndr`t 0222-0422 gr`a. F`tc tdrmcrc m`rc mu` honus ut`a`, l`j`j m`j lcrc. Honus l`j`j mcn`gc adjk`mc sdgadj `jtdrcor m`j postdrcor, honus lcrc mcn`gc adjk`mc sdgadj admc`h m`j h`tdr`h ohdf hcg`adjtua E`hsceoracs (Jodr, >22>). Ydtc`p honus mcn`gc
adjk`mc
honuhc.
Ydtc`p
honuhus
adrup`l`j n`m`j fdls`goj`hy`jg tdrmcrc `t`s hdapdjg-hdapdjg sdh f`tc ndrndjtul lunus adjgdhchcjgc vdj` sdjtr`hcs. Mc`jt`r` hdapdjg`j tdrm`p`t l`pchdr y`jg mcsdnut scjusocm y`jg mcn`t`sc sdh lupeedr. Ydh lupeedr ndreujgsc sdn`g`c pdrt`f`j`j f`tc (Rrcid, >225). Ycstda nc h c ` rc s mc a uh `c m` rc l`j`hcluhus nchc`rcs, y`jg adrup`l`j s`hur`j ldich mch`pcsc ohdf aclrovchc loaphdls mcsdlchchcjg sdh f`tc. L`j`hcluhus nc h c ` rc s a da nd jt ul m ul t us nc h c ` rc s c jt r `h o nu h `r , y` j g adjg`hcrl`j dapdmu ld multus nchc`rcs mc m`h`a tr`ltus port` (If`jmr`soa`, >225). Eu jg sc m`s`r f`tc f`tc mcn`gc mcn`gc adjk`mc adjk`mc ; 0. Eujg Eujgsc sc pdandjtul`j pdandjtul`j m`j m`j dlslrdsc dlslrdsc dapdmu. dapdmu. - . >. Eujgsc adt`nohci 9. Eujgsc pdrt`f`j`j tunuf =. Eujgsc v`sluh`r f`tc `. Eujgsc Rdandjtul`j m`j Dlsrdsc Dapdmu F`h cjc adrup`l`j eujgsc ut`a` f`tc. Y`hur`j dapdmu adjg`hcrl`j, l`jmujg`j dapdmu adjycap`j m`j adjgdhu`rl`j ld m`h`a usus f`hus sdsu`c y`jg mcnutufl`j. F`tc adjgdlslrdscl`j sdlct`r 0 hctdr dapdmu tc`p f`rc. ujsur ut`a` dapdmu `m`h`f `cr (3 7% ), dhdltrohct, dhdltrohct, g`r`a dapdmu eoseohcpcm, eoseohcpcm, lohdstdroh lohdstdroh m`j pcgadj dapdmu (t (tdrut`a` drut`a` nchcruncj tdrlojkug`sc). G`r`a dapdmu pdjtcjg ujtul pdjidrj``j m`j `nsornsc hda`l m` h `a us us f` hu s . Ohdf
n`ltdrc
usus
f`hus
sdn`gc`j
nds`r
g`r`a
dapdmu
mcrd`nsornscm`h`a chdua, adjg`h`ac scrluh`sc ld f`tc, ldaumc`j adjg`h`ac rdlojkug`sc m`j r dsdlrdsc. W`h`upuj nchcruncj (pcgadj dapdmu) adrup`l`j f`sch `lfcr adt`nohcsad m`j sdi`r` ecscohogcs >
tcm`l adapujy`c adapujy`c pdr`j `ltce, `ltce, c` pdjtcjg sdn`g`c cjmcl`tor pdjy`lct f`tc m`j s`hur`j dapdmu, l`rdj` nchcruncj idjmdrujg adw`rj`c k`rcjg`j m`j i`cr`j y`jg ndrfunujg`j ndrfunujg`j mdjg`jjy`. n.
Eujgsc adt`nohcl F`tc adadg`jg
pdr`j`j
pdjtcjg
p`m`
adt`nohcsad
l`rnofcmr`t, protdcj, hda`l, vct`acj m`j kug` adapromulsc djdrgc m`j tdj`g`. [`t tdrsdnut mc `t`s mclcrca adh`huc vdj` port` sdtdh`f mc`nsornsc ohdf usus. Aojos`ls`rcm` m`rc usus f`hus mcun`f adjk`mc ghclogdj m`j mc scap`j m`h`a f`tc (ghclogdjdscs). M`rc mdpot ghclogdj
cjc
adjsuph`cghulos`
sdi`r`
lojst`j
ld
m`r`f
( ghclogdjdscs) ujtul adadjufc adadjufc ldnutuf`j tunuf. tunuf. Ydn`gc`j ghulos` mcadt`nohcsad m`h`a k`rcjg`j ujul adjgf`schl`j p`j`s `t`u tdj`g`(djdrgc) m`j scs`jy` mcun`f adjk`mc ghclogdj, mcscap`j m`h`a otot otot `t`u `t`u adjk adjk`m `mcc hda` hda`l l y`j g mcs cap `j m`h `a k` rcj g`j suni suniut` ut`j. j. F`tc kug` a`apu adjycjtdtcs ghulos` m`rc protdcj m`j hda`l (ghulojdogdjdscs). Rdr`j f`tc p`m` adt`nohcsad protdcj pdjtcjg ujtul fcmup. Rrotdcj ph`sa` ldiu`hc ghonuhcj g`aa`, mcscjtdtcs ohdf f`tc. Rrotdcj cjc `m`h`f `hnuacj y`jg mcpdrhul`j ujtul adapdrt`f`jl`j tdl`j`j osaotcl lohocm, ecnrcjogdj m`j e`ltor'e`ltor pdandlu`j y`jgh`cj. i. Eujgsc Rdrt`f`j`j ]unuf ]drmcrc m`rc eujgsc mdtolscecl`sc mdtolscecl`sc m`j eujgsc pdrhcjmujg`j, pdrhcjmujg`j, mca`j` eujgsc mdtolscecl`sc ohdf djzca-djzca f`tc y`jg adh`lul`j olscm`sc, rdmulsc, fcmrohcscs `t`u lojkug`sc
z`t y`jg
adaujglcjl`j adan`f`y`l`j m`j adjgun`fjy` adjk`mc z`t y`jg sdi`r` ecscohogcs tcm`l `ltce. Eujgsc pdrhcjmujg`j mca`j` y`jg ndrpdr`j`j pdjtcjg `m`h`f sdh lueedr y`jg ndreujgsc sdn`g`c scstda djmotd`h y`jg ndrlda`apu`jadae`gosctoscs m`j kug` adjgf`schl`j caaujohonuhcj.
9
m. Eujgsc U`sluhdr F`tc, Ydtc`p adjct adjg`hcr 0>2 ii m`r`f port`h ld m`h`a f`tc adh`huc scjusocm f`tc, sdtdrusjy` m`r`f adjg`hcr ld vdj` sdjtr`hcs m`j adjuku l d vdj` fdp`tcl` ujtul sdh`jkutjy` a`sul ld m`h`a vdj` l`v` cjedrcor. cjedrcor. sdh`cj ctu m`rc `rtdrc` fdp`tcl` adjg`hcr adjg`hcr a `s ul lcr`-lcr` 942 ii m`r`f. M`r`f `rtdrc`h cjc `l`j a`sul m`j ndri`apur mdjg`jm`r`f port`h. R`m` or`jg mdw`s` kuah`f `h c r `j m`r`f ld f`tc mcpdrlcr`l`j adji`p`c0422 ii tc`p adjct.
0.> Dtcohogc
Fdp`tctcs @ mcsdn`nl`j ohdf fdp`tctcs @ vcrus. Ucrus cjc tdra`sul vcrus 5 ^J@, sdr`t tujgg`h, mdjg`j ndr`t aohdluh >,>4->,>6 x 02 m`htoj, scadtrc clos`fdmr`h, mc`adtdr >7-9> ja m`j tcm`l adapujy`c sdhunujg y`jg m`p`t mcmdtdlsc mcm`h`a edsds p`m` a`s` cjlun`sc m`j e`sd pr`cltdrcl. Adapujy`c protdcj tdracj`h URg p`m` ukujg 4– 4 –jy` m`j pohc(@) p`m` ukujg 9– 9–jy`. R`jk`jg gdjoa F@U; 7422-6222 p`s`jg n`s`. Fdp`tctcs @ vcrus m`p`t mclh`scecl`scl`j m`h`a e`achc pciorj`vcru pciorj`vcruss m`j gdjus fdp`tovcrus.. fdp`tovcrus I`r` pdjuh`r`j edl`h-or`h, a`l`j`j, pdjuh`r`j adh`huc `cr, p`rdjtdr`h (k`r`jg), sdlsu`h (aujglcj) m`j pdjuh`r`j adh`huc m`r`f. A`s` cjlun`sc 04-=4 f`rc, r`t`-r`t` 92 f`rc p`m` usc` `j`l-`j`l m`j mdw`s` aum`. ^dsclo pdjuh`r`j p`m` s`jct`sc s`jct `sc nurul, m`dr`f p`m`t sdpdrtc rua`f s`lct, pdjgguj` on`t, funujg`j sdlsu`h mdjg`j or`jg tdrcjedlsc m`j m`dr`f djmdacs. ]`jm` m`j gdk`h` m`p`t tdrk`mc mdjg`j `t`u t`jp` gdk`h`, s`lct acrcp ehu.
0.9 ]`jm` m`j Gdk`h`
A`jcedst`sc lhcjcljy` n`jy`l p`scdj tcm`l t`ap`l cltdrcl m`j t`jp` gdk`h`. Ldtcl` gdk`h`jy` aujiuh ndjtuljy` ndrup` cjedlsc s`hur`j j`e`s `t`s m`j `jordlsc` y`jg tdrk`mc `lcn`t pdhdp`s`j tolscj ohdf f`tc y`jg rus`l `t`u `lcn`t ldg`g`h`j sdh f`tc y`jg rus`l ujtul adh`lul`j mdtolscecl`sc =
promul y`jg `njora`h. Gdk`h` mcspdpsc` m`p`t mct`jm`c mdjg`j r`s` r`s ` jydrc dpcg`strcua, au`h, jydrc uhu f`tc m`j eh`tuhdjsc. Ydau` gdk`h` `l`j fch`jg sdtdh`f e`sd cltdrus. Gdk`h` lhcjcs p`m` uauajy` rcjg`j, tdrut`a` p`m` `j`l-`j`l n`fl`j sdrcjg t`jp` gdk`h`. Gdk`h` fdp`tctcs @ m`j fdp`tctcs `lut p`m` uauajy` s`a` (spcrctc`, >224); 0. Luhct m`j putcf a`t` adjk`mc lujcjg (cltdrus) >. Ldhdh`f`j 9. Y`lct pdrut l`j`j-`t`s =. Fch`jg j`esu a`l`j 4. Ndr`t n`m`j adjuruj 5. Mda`a 7. Au`h 6. Adjirdt `t`u mc`rd 3. Aujt`f 02. @cr sdjc sdpdrtc tdf m`j/`t`u lotor`j ndrw`rj` mdapuh 00. Y`lct sdjmc 0>. Cjedlsc F@U kug` m`p`t adjcjgl`tl`j kuah`f djzca y`jg mcnu`t ohdf f`tc
adjk`mc
ndrhdncf`j
m`h`a
m`r`f.
Ycstda
ldldn`h`j
tunuf
adanutufl`j s`ap`c mdh`p`j acjggu ujtul adjgdhu`rl`j F@U m`rc tunuf. Nch` tcanuh gdk`h`, uauajy` mc`h`ac mu` s`ap`c dap`t acjggu sdtdh`f tdrcjedlsc. Gdk`h` fdp`tctcs @ uauajy` f`jy` s`tu acjggu, `l`j tdt`pc m`p`t hdncf m`rc s`tu nuh`j. Lur`jg hdncf 04 pdrsdj or`jg mdjg`j fdp`tctcs @ adjg`h`ac gdk`h` m`rc dj`a s`ap`c sdanch`j nuh`j.Lur`jg hdncf s`tu m`rc 022 or`jg tdrcjedlsc F@U m`p`t adjg`h`ac cjedlsc idp`t m`j p`r`f y`jg mcsdnut ‖euhacj`jt– y`jg s`jg`t k`r`jg m`j m`p`t adjydn`nl`j ldg`g`h`j f`tc m`j lda`tc`j. 0.= R`toecscohogc
4
Y`h`f s`tu gdk`h` m`rc fdp`tctcs `m`h`f cltdrcl. Cltdrcl m`p`t tdrk`mc l`rdj` g`jggu`j m`rc adt`nohcsa nchcruncj. Ndrclut `m`h`f ndndr`p` pdjkdh`s`j p`toecscohogc adjgdj`c cltdrcl. 0. G`jggu`j p`m` prdfdp`tcl R`m` cltdrcl prdfdp`tcl,pdjy`lct m`j lojmcsc tdrtdjtu, sdpdrtc rd`lsc tr`jseusd m`j `jdac` sdh s`nct, adjydn`nl`j fdaohyscs a`ssce. Ydh m`r`f adr`f pdi`f hdncf idp`t, sdndhua f`tc adjgojkug`sc nchcruncj, sdfcjgg` sdkuah`f nds`r nchcruncj y`jg t`l tdrlojkug`sc a`sul ld m`h`a m`r`f, adjydn`nl`j pdjcjgl`t`j lojvdrsc nchcruncj mc usus adjk`mc uronchcjogdj y`jg h`rut m`h`a `cr ujtul mcdlslrdscl`j adh`huc urcj m`j edsds. (Nchcruncj t`l tdrlojkug`sc tcm`l h`rut m`h`a `cr, sdfcjgg` tcm`l ncs` mcdlslrdscl`j adh`huc urcj). >. G`jggu`j p`m` fdp`tcl ]drk`mc `lcn`t ldtcm`l a`apu`j f`tc ujtul adjgojkug`sc `t`u adjgdlrdsc nchcruncj, adjcjgl`tl`j l`m`r nchcruncj tdrlojkug`sc m`j t`l tdrlojkug`sc mc m`h`a m`r`f. F`h cjc tdrk`mc p`m` ndndr`p` ldh`cj`j sdpdrtc fdp`tctcs, scroscs, m`j adt`st`scs l`jldr, m`j pdjgguj``j on`t y`jg mcadt`nohcsad mc f`tc m`h`a k`jgl` p`jk`jg. 9. G`jggu`j p`m` p`si` fdp`tcl ]drk`mc p`m` ldh`cj`j nchc`r m`j p`jird`s, nchcruncj tdrndjtul mdjg`j h`ku y`jg jora`h,tdt`pc cjeh`a`sc, k`rcjg`j p`rut, tuaor, n`tu dapdmu adjyuan`t `hcr`j dapdmu ld m`h`a usus. F`h cjc adjydn`nl`j `luauh`sc nchcruncj tdrlojkug`sc mc m`h`a m`r`f. Nchcruncj tdrlojkug`sc y`jg h`rut m`h`a `cr mcdlslrdscl`j adh`huc `cr. Rdjcanuj`j pcgadj dapdmu l`rdj` promulsc hdncf n`jy`l m`rcp`m` pdjgdhu`r`j k`rcjg`j adjk`mc lujcjg Cltdrus p`m` luhct, urcj, sihdr` (Rrcid, >225). 0.4 Rdadrcls``j Rdjujk`jg
Mc`gjoscs cjedlsc fdp`tctcs N lrojcs mcm`s`rl`j p`m` pdadrcls``j sdrohogc, pdt`jm` vcrohogc, ncolcac`wc m`j fcstohogc. fcstohogc. 0. Rdadrcls``j sdrohogc
5
@m`jy` FNs@g m`h`a sdrua adrup`l`j pdrt`jm` sdrohogcs cjedlsc
fdp`tctcs N. ]ctdr FNs@g y`jg a`scf posctce hdncf m`rc 5 nuh`j adjujkull`j cjedlsc fdp`tctcs lrojcs. Aujiuhjy` `jtcnomc tdrf`m`p t drf`m`p FNs@g (`jtc FNs) adjujkull`j caujct`s m`j `t`u pdjydanuf`j prosds cjedlsc.
@m`jy` FNd@g m`h`a sdrua adjgcjmcl`scl`j `m`jy` rdphcl`sc
`ltce vcrus mc m`h`a fdp`tosct. ]ctdr FNd@g ndrlordh`sc mdjg`j l`m`r FNU MJ@. MJ@. J`auj tcm`l `m`jy` FNd@g (jdg`tce) nul`j ndr`rtc tcm`l `m`jy` rdphcl`sc vcrus, ld`m``j cjc m`p`t mckuap`c p`m` pdjmdrct` tdrcjedlsc FNU y`jg adjg`h`ac aut`sc ( prdiord prdiord `t`u iord aut`jt ). ). >. Rdadrcls``j vcrohogc Rdadrcls``j vcrohogc ujtul adjgulur kuah`f FNU MJ@ sdrua s`jg`t pdjtcjg l`rdj` m`p`t adjgg`an`rl`j tcjgl`t rdphcl`sc vcrus. 9. Rdadrcls``j ncolcac`wc Y`h`f s`tu pdadrcls``j ncolcac`wc y`jg pdjtcjg ujtul adjdjtul`j ldputus`j tdr`pc `m`h`f l`m`r @H]. Rdjcjgl`t`j l`m`r @H] adjgg`an`rl`j `m`jy` `ltcect`s jdlrocjeh`a`sc. Ohdf l`rdj` ctu pdadrcls``j cjc mcpdrtcan`jgl`j sdn`g`c prdmclsc g`an`r`j fcstohogc. R`scdj mdjg`j l`m`r @H] y`jg adjcjgl`t adjujkull`j prosds jdlrocjeh`a`sc hdncf ndr`t mcn`jmcjgl`j p`m` @H] y`jg jora`h. Adjurut Rrcid m`j Wchsoj (0334) n`fw` l`m`r jora`h @Y] @Y] `m`h`f 4=2 ujct/ah, sdm`jgl`j l`m`r jora`h @H] `m`h`f `m`h`f 4-94 ujct/ah. =. Rdadrcls``j fcstohogc (ncopsc) ]uku`j pdadrcls``j fcstohogc `m`h`f ujtul adjch`c tcjgl`t ldrus`l`j f`tc, adjycscfl`j mc`gjoscs pdjy`lct f`tc h`cj, progjoscs m`j adjdjtul`j a`j`kdadj `jtc vcr`h. Tlur`j spdscadj ncopsc y`jg rdprdsdjt`tce `m`h`f 0-9 ia (ulur`j p`jk`jg) m`j 0,>-> aa (ulur`j mc`adtdr) n`cl adjgguj`l`j k`rua Adjgfcjc `t`u ]ru-iut. Y`h`f s`tu adtomd pdjch`c`j ncopsc y`jg sdrcjg mcguj`l`j `m`h`f mdjg`j Fcstohogci @itcvcty Cjmdx siord (KN Yuf`rko, N I`fyojo, >225). 7
0.5 Loaphcl`sc
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Ycroscs fdp`tcs
n)
Fdp`toadg`hc
0.7 Rdj`t`h`ls`j``j 0. Joj-E`ra`lohogc
R`scdj fdp`tctcs N f`rus adjgfcjm`r lojt`l sdlsu`h s`ap`c `jtcgdjdac` fch`jg. adjgfcjm`rc sdau` fdp`tctcs`totolscj, tdrut`a` `hiofoh. pdjg`tur`j mcdt y`jg tdp`t m`p`t adapdridp`t pdauhcf`j eujgsc f`tc. Rdandrc`j protdcj ndrautu tcjggc m`j vct`acj m`p`t adapdridp`t pdauhcf`j m`rc sdh-sdh f`tc y`jg adjg`h`ac ldrus`l`j sdpdrtc @acjohdn`j adjg`jmujg @@^I / NI@@ ( Nr`jif If`cj @acjo @icms @icms)) l`m`r tcjggc sdrt` mcpdrl`y` mdjg`j `s`a `acjo pdjtcjg h`cj sdpdrtc `rgcjcj, fcstcmcj, vct`acj, m`j acjdr`h. Jutrcsc lfusus f`tc cjc `l`j adjk`g` ldiulup`j ldnutuf`j protdcj m`j adapdrt`f`jl`j l`m`r `hnuacj m`r`f t`jp` adjcjgl`tl`j rcsclo tdrk`mcjy` fcpdr`aojc`. Moscs Mdw`s` 422-0222 ah/moscs mdjg`j cjeus mrcp cjtr`vdj` >4-=2 tdtds/adjct tdtds/adjct J`auj pdrhu mccjg`t n`fw` pdandrc`j protdcj f`rus mcsdsu`cl`j mdjg`j tohdr`jsc tunuf pdjmdrct` l`rdj` nch` ndrhdncf m`p`t adjydn`nl`j l`m`r `aaojc` m`h`a m`r`f adjcjgl`t `t`u tcm`l sdcan`jg sdfcjgg` tcanuhh`f ndrn`g`c g`jggu`j m`h`a tunuf. Ohdf l`rdj`jy`, mcpdrhul`j su`tu pdjg`tur`j mcdt y`jg tdp`t ujtul pdjmdrct` fdp`tctcs `g`r mcpdrohdf pdauhcf`j y`jg a`lsca`h. a`lsca`h. ]uku`j pdjg`tur`j mcdt p`m` pdjmdrct` pdjy`lct f`tc `m`h`f adandrcl`j a`l`j`j iulup ujtul adapdridp`t adapdridp`t pdrn`cl`j eujgsc t`jp` adapdrndr`t ldrk` f`tc. Yy`r`tjy` `m`h`f sdn`g`c sd n`g`c ndrclut ; ; 0. L`horc tcjggc, l`jmujg`j l`rnofcmr`t tcjggc, hda`l sdm`jg m`j protdcj mcsdsu`cl`j mdjg`j ld`m``j pdjmdrct`. pdjmdrct`. >. Mcdt mcndrcl`j sdi`r` ndr`jgsur, mcsdsu`cl`j mdjg`j j`esu a`l`j m`j tohdr`jsc pdjmdct`. pdjmdct`. 9. Iulup vct`acj m`j acjdr`h. acjdr`h. 6
=. ^djm`f g`r`a `t`u i`cr`j mcn`t`sc nch` tdrk`mc pdjcanuj`j g`r`a/`cr. g`r`a/`cr. 4. Aum`f mcidrj` m`j tcm`l adr`jgs`jg. adr`jgs`jg. 5. N`f`j a`l`j`j y`jg adjg`jmujg g`s mcfcjm`rl`j mcfcjm`rl`j A`i`a - A`i`a Mcdt Tjtul Rdjmdrct` Rdjy`lct F`tc `. Mcdt 0 Tjtul pdjmdrct` scroscs f`tc y`jg ndr`t m`j fdp`tctcs `lut prdloa`. Nc`s`jy` mcndrcl`j a`l`j`j ndrup` i`cr`j y`jg adjg`jmujg l`rnofcmr`t sdmdrf`j` acs`hjy` s`rc nu`f, scrop, tdf a`jcs. Rdandrc`j protdcj sdn`cljy` mcfcjm`rl`j. Nch` tdrk`mc pdjcanuj`j i`cr`j `t`u suhct ldjicjg a`l` pdandrc`j i`cr`j a`lscaua 0 hctdr pdrf`rc. Mcdt cjc sdn`cljy` mcndrcl`j hdncf m`rc 9 f`rc. f`rc. n.
Mcdt > > Mcndrcl`j nch` ld`m`j `lut `t`u prdloa` sum`f m`p`t mc`t`sc m`j auh`c tcanuh j`esu a`l`j. Mcdt ndrndjtul huj`l `t`u mcicji`jg, tdrg`jtujg ld`m``j pdjmdrct`. @sup`j protdcj mcn`t`sc fcjgg` 92 gr`a pdrf`rc,, m`j hda`l mcndrcl`j m`h`a ndjtul y`jg aum`f mcidrj`. pdrf`rc mcidrj`.
i.
Mcdt 9 Tjtul pdjmdrct` y`jg j`esujy` iulup n`cl. Ndjtul a`l`j`j huj`l `t`u nc`s`, tdrg`jtujg ld`m``j pdjmdrct`. L`jmujg`j protdcj ncs` s`ap`c 0 g/lg ndr`t n`m`j, hda`l sdm`jg m`h`a ndjtul y`jg aum`f
m.
mcidrj`. mcidrj`. Mcdt = Tjtul pdjmdrct` y`jg j`esu a`l`jjy` tdh`f adan`cl, m`p`t adjdrca` protdcj m`j tcm`l adjujkul`j scroscs `ltce. Ndjtul a`l`j`j huj`l
`t`u
nc`s`,
tdrg`jtujg
lds`jggup`j
pdjmdrct`.
L`horc,
l`jmujg`j protdcj m`j fcmr`t `r`jg tcjggc, hda`l, vct`acj m`j acjdr`h iulup. >. E`ra`lohogc
R`m` p`scdj y`jg mccmdjtcecl`sc sdn`g`c l`jmcm`t y`jg sdsu`c ujtul adjm`p`t tdr`pc `jtcvcrus, tuku`j tdr`pc `m`h`f ujtul adjdl`j 3
rdphcl`sc FNU m`j adjidg`f progrdsc pdjy`lct f`tc. ^dspoj tdr`pc `jtcvcrus m`p`t mclh`scecl`scl`j adjk`mc ncolcac` (adjora`hl`j @H]), vcrohogcs (pdandrscf`j MJ@ FNU), sdrohogcs (adjgfch`jgl`j FNd@g, sdrolojvdrsc FNd@g, adjgfch`jgl`j FNs@g), `t`u fcstohogcs (pdrn`cl`j fcstohogcf`tc). Rdjtcjg ujtul adjch`c rdspoj vcrohogcs tcm`l s`k` sdh`a` tdr`pc `jtcvcrus j`auj kug` sdtdh`f tdr`pc mcfdjtcl`j, m`j adjch`c `p`l`f aujiuh rdscstdjsc p`m` p`scdj y`jg adh`jkutl`j tdr`pc ujtul k`jgl` p`jk`jg.
0.6 R`tfw`y
02
CC. ^dji`j` @suf`j Lhcdj mdjg`j G`jggu`j Ycjmroa Jderotcl >.0 Rdjgl`kc`j
>.0.0 ^cw`y`t Ldpdr`w`t`j - Ncom`t` - @h`s`j mcr`w`t mc rua`f s`lct - ^cw`y`t ldsdf`t`j sdndhua - ^cw`y`t ldsdf`t`j sdsum`f - ^cw`y`t ldsdf`t`j ldhu``rg` - M`t` Nco-Rsclo-Yosco-Ypcrctu`h >.0.> Rdadrcls``j Ecscl `.
LT (Ld`m``j Taua) 0)
Lds`m`r`j
00
>)
Ndjtul tunuf
9)
Rostur tunuf
=)
W`rj` luhct
4) ]urgor luhct n. ]`jm`-]`jm` Uct`h `. Yufu n.J`mc i.]dl`j`j m`r`f m.^dspcr`sc i.
Ld`m``j Ecscl (fd`m to tod) 0. Ldp`h`
; Ndjtul scadtrcs, mcstrcnusc r`anut adr`t`, ldndrscf`j r`anut m`j luhct ldp`h` n`cl,
>.
A`t`
tcm`l `m` jydrc s``t mctdl`j. ; Roscsc a`t` scadtrcs, lojkujgtcv` pui`t, pdjghcf`t`j l`nur, slhdr` cltdrus.
9. ]dhcjg`
; Ndjtul scadtrcs, pdjmdjg`r`j n`cl, tdhcjg` t`ap`l ndrscf, m`j tcm`l `m` sdlrdt.
=. Fcmujg
; hun`jg fcmujg scadtrcs, tcm`l tdrm`p`t sdlrdt, tcm`l tdrm`p`t pdrj`p`s`j iupcjg fcmujg.
4. Auhut m`j gcgc ; ld`m``j ncncr jora`h, gcgc gcgc hdjgl`p, tcm`l
5. Hdfdr
adjgguj`l`j gcgc p`hsu. ; ]cm`l `m` pdandjgl`l`j, tcm`l `m` jydrc tdl`j.
7. ]for`x
; Ndjtul tfor`x scadtrcs, rdspcr`sc jora`h (05->2 l`hc/adjct)
6. @nmoadj
; Rdraul``j `scadtrcs, tdrm`p`t jydrc tdl`j m`j ncscjg jora`h.
3. Dlstrdact`s
; - @t`s ; ld`m``j n`cl, hda`f. - N`w`f ; ld`m``j n`cl, hda`f.
02. Gdjct`hc`
; ]cm`l mcl`kc.
0>
>.0.9 Rdadrcls``j Rdjujk`jg 0. @Y^ (YGO]) / @H] (YGR]) >. M`r`f Hdjgl`p (MH) 9. Hdulopdjc` =. Mcedrdjsc` M`r`f Hdjgl`p 4. Edsds 5. @hnuacj Ydrua 7. Guh` M`r`f 6. @jtc F@UCgA 3. Fns@G 02. A`s` Rrotroancj 00. Nchcruncj sdrua 0>. Ncopsc F`tc 09. Yl`j F`tc 0=. Trcj`hcs`
>.> Mc`gjos` Ldpdr`w`t`j y`jg Aujglcj Aujiuh
Mc`gjos` 0 ; Jydrc J ydrc `lut ndrfunujg`j mdjg`j Rdandl`l`j fdp`r y`jg adjg`h`ac cjeh`a`sc f`tc m`j ndjmujg`j vdj` port`.(2209>) >.>.0
Mdecjcsc ; Rdjg`h`a`j sdjsorc m`j daoscoj`h tcm`l adjydj`jgl`j y`jg aujiuh `lcn`t ldrus`l`j k`rcjg`j `ltu`h `t`u potdjsc`h `t`u y`jg mc g`an`rl`j sdn`g`c ldrus`l`j (cjtdrj`scoj`h `ssoic`tcoj eor tfd stumy oe p`cj)< `wct`j y`jg tcn`-tcn` `t`u h`an`t m`rc cjtdjsct`s rcjg`j fcjgg` ndr`t mdjg`j `lfcr y`jg m`p`t mc`jtcscp`sc `t`u mcprdmclsc.
>.>.>
N`t`s`j L`r`ltdrcstcl
Nultc jydrc mdjg`j adjguj`l`j st`jm`r m`et`r pdrcls` jydrc
ujtul p`scdj y`jg tcm`l m`p`t adjgujgl`pl`jjy` (acs.,
09
jdoj`t`h cje`jt p`cj si`hd, p`cj `ssdssadjt ifdil hcst eor sdjcor wctf hcactdm `nchctm to ioaujci`td)
Mceordscs
Mch`t`sc pupch Dlsprdsc w`k`f jydrc (acs., a`t` lur`jg ndri`f`y`, t`ap`l
l`i`u, gdr`l`j a`t` ndrpdji`r `t`u tdt`p p`m` s`tu eolus, adrcjgcs)
Eolus adjydapct (acs., pdrsdpsc w`ltu, prosds ndrpclcr,
cjtdr`lsc mdjg`j or`jg mdjg`j hcjglujg`j)
Eolus p`m` mcrc sdjmcrc
Ldhuf`j tdjt`jg cjtdjsct`s adjgguj`l`j st`jm`r sl`h` jydrc
(acs., sl`h` Wojg-N`ldr E@IDY sl`h` `j`hog vcsu`h, sl`h` pdjch`c`j juadrcl)
Ldhuf`j tdjt`jg l`r`ltdrcstcl jydrc mdjg`j adjgguj`l`j
st`jm`r cjstruadj jydrc (acs., AiGchh R`cjt Pudstcojj`crd, Nrcde R`cjt Cjedjtory)
H`por`j tdjt`jg pdrch`lu jydrc/pdrun`f`j `ltcect`s (acs.,
`jggot` ldhu`rg`, pdandrc `suf`j)
Adjgdlsprdscl`j pdrch`lu (acs., gdhcs`, adrdjgdl, adj`jgcs,
w`sp`m`)
Rdrch`lu mcstr`lsc
Rdrun`f`j p`m` p`r`adtdr ecscohogcs (acs., tdl`j`j m`r`f,
erdludjsc k`jtujg, erdludjsc pdrj`p`s`j, s`tur`sc olscgdj, djm/tcm`h l`rnojmcolscm` (I2>)
Rdrun`f`j scsc ujtul adjgfcjm`rc jydrc
Rdrun`f`j sdhdr` a`l`j
Rurtus `s`
Ycl`p adhcjmujgc `rd` jydrc
Ycl`p tunuf adhcjmujgc
>.>.9 E`ltor y`jg ndrfunujg`j
0=
@gdj idmdr` ncohogcs (acs., cjedlsc, csldac`, jdoph`sa`).
@gdj idmdr` ecscl (acs., `psds, `aput`sc, hul` n`l`r, tdrpotojg,
adjg`jgl`t
ndr`t,
lojsdmur
ndm`f,
tr`ua`,
oh`r`g`f
ndrhdncf`j).
@gdj idmdr` lcac`wc (acs., hul` n`l`r, l`ps`cscj, adtchdj
lhorcm`, `gdj aust`rm). Mc`gjos` > ; Fcpdrtdrac ndrfunujg`j mdjg`j Cjv`sc `gdjt m`h`a scrluh`sc m`r`f sdlujmdr tdrf`m`p cjeh`a`sc fdp`r.(22227) >.>.= Mdecjcsc ; Yufu cjtc tunuf mc `t`s lcs`r`j jora`h mcurj`h l`rdj` ldg`g`h`j tdraordguh`sc. >.>.4 N`t`s`j L`r`ltdrcstcl - @pjd` - N`yc tcm`l m`p`t adapdrt`f`jl`j adjyusu
- Gdhcs`f
- Fcpotdjsc - Ldk`jg - Loa` - Luhct ldadr`f`j - Luhct tdr`s` f`jg`t - Hdt`rgc - Rostur `njora`h - Ytupor
- ]`lcl`rmc - ]`lcpjd` - U`somch`t`sc >.>.5 E`ltor y`jg Ndrfunujg`j - @gdj e`ra`sdutcl`h - @ltcvct`s ndrhdncf`j - Mdfcmr`sc - Csldac` - R`l`c`j y`jg tcm`l sdsu`c 04
- Rdjcjgl`t`j h`ku adt`nohcsa - Rdjuruj`j pdrsdpsc - Rdjy`lct - Ydpscs - Yufu hcjglujg`j tcjggc - ]r`ua` Mc`gjos` 9 ; ^dsclo ldtcm`lsdcan`jg`j jutrcsc lur`jg m`rc ldnutuf`j tunuf
ndrfunujg`j
mdjg`j
G`jggu`j
`nsorsc
m`j
adt`nohcsad
pdjidrj``j a`l`j`j.(2222>) >.>.7 Mdecjcsc ; @sup`j jutrcsc tcm`l iulup ujtul adadjufc ldnutuf`j adt`nohcl. >.>.6 N`t`s`j L`r`ltdrcstcl -
Ndr`t n`m`j lur`jg m`rc >2% `t`u hdncf mcn`w`f ndr`t n`m`j cmd`h ujtul tcjggc n`m`j m`j r`jgl` tunuf. tunuf.
-
@sup`j a`l`j`j lur`jg m`rc ldnutuf`j adt`nohci, n`cl l`horc tot`h a`upuj z`t gczc tdrtdjtu
-
Ldfch`jg`j ndr`t n``j mdjg`j `sup`j a`l`j`j y`jg `mdlu`t
-
Adh`porl`j `sup`j a`l`j`j y`jg tcm`l `mdlu`t lur`jg m`rc ^M@.
Yunkdltce; Yunkdltce; -
Lr`a `nmoadj
-
Jydrc `nmoadj
-
Adjoh`l a`l`j
-
Rdrsdpsc ldtcm`la`apu`j ujtul adjidrj` a`l`j
-
Adh`porl`j pdrun`f`j sdjs`sc r`s`
-
Adh`porl`j lur`jgjy` a`l`j`j
-
Adr`s` idp`t ldjy`jg sdtdh`f adjglojsuasc a`l`j`j.
Onkdltce;
05
-
Rdanuhuf l`pchdr r`puf
-
Mc`rd `t`u std`tord
-
Nultc ldlur`jg`j a`l`j`j
- -
Ldfch`jg`j r`anut y`jg ndrhdncf`j Ncscjg usus fcpdr`ltce
-
Lur`jg cjeora`sc/cjeora`sc y`jg s`h`f
-
Lur`jgjy` acj`t tdrf`m`p a`l`j`j
-
^ojgg` auhut tdrhul`
-
Ldhda`f`j
otot
y`jg
ndreujgsc
ujtul
adjdh`j
`t`u
ajdjgujy`f >.>.3 E`ltor y`jg Ndrfunujg`j -
Ldtcm`l a`apu`j ujtul adjdh`j `t`u adjidrj` a`l`j`j `t`u adjydr`p jutrcdjt `lcn`t e`itor ncohogcs, psclohogcs `t`u dlojoac.
-
Ldtdrg`jtujg`j z`t lcac`
-
Rdjy`lct lrojcs
-
Ldsuhct`j adjgujy`f `t`u adjdh`j
-
E`itor dlojoac
-
Cjtohdr`jsc a`l`j`j
-
Ldnutuf`j adt`nohci tcjggc
-
^dehdl adjgcs`p p`m` n`yc tcm`l dedltce
-
Lur`jg pdjgdt`fu`j m`s`r tdjt`jg jutrcsc
-
@lsds tdrf`m`p a`l`j`j tdrn`t`s
-
Fch`jg j`esu a`l`j
-
Au`h m`j aujt`f
-
Rdjg`n`c`j ohdf or`jg tu`
-
G`jggu`j psclohogcs.
Mc`gjos` = ; Cjtohdr`jsc `ltcvct`s ndrfunujg`j mdjg`j ldhda`f`j uaua.(2223>).
07
>.>.02
Mdecjcsc ; Ldtcm`l iulup`j djdrgc sdi`r` ecscohogcs ujtul adjdrusl`j `t`u adjydhds`cl`j `ltcvct`s y`jg mcacjt` `t`u `ltcect`s sdf`rc-f`rc.
>.>.00 N`t`s`j L`r`ltdrcstcl - Adh`porl`j sdi`r` vdrn`h `m`jy` ldhdh`f`j `t`u ldhda`f`j. - ^dspoj `njora`h m`rc tdl`j`j m`r`f `t`u j`mc tdrf`m`p `ltcect`s - Rdrun`f`j DLG y`jg adjujkull`j `rctac` `t`u csldac` - @m`jy` mcspjdu `t`u ldtcm`ljy`a`j`j s``t ndr`ltcvct`s >.>.0> E`ltor y`jg y`jg Ndrfunujg`j Ndrfunujg`j - G`y` fcmup lur`jg gdr`l - Caonchct`s - Ldtcm`lsdcan`jg`j `jt`r` suph`c m`j ldnutuf`j olscgdj - ]cr`f n`rcjg >.9 Rdrdji`j``j
Mc`gjos` 0 ; Jydrc J ydrc `lut ndrfunujg`j mdjg`j Rdandl`l`j fdp`r y`jg adjg`h`ac cjeh`a`sc f`tc m`j ndjmujg`j vdj` port`.(2209>) >.9.0 ]uku`j m`j Lrctdrc` F`sch ]uku`j ; sdtdh`f mch`lul`j tcjm`l`j ldpdr`w`t`j sdh`a` 9x>= k`a,a`s`h`f jydrc tdr`t`sc mdjg`j lrctdrc` f`sch ; `.`m`jy` pdjuruj`j cjtdjsct`s jydrc n. ldtcm`lj`y`a`j `lcn`t jydrc ndrlur`jg i.tcm`l adjujkul`j t`jm`-t`jm` ecscl m`j pdrch`lu m`h`a jydrc `lut >.9.> Cjtdrvdjsc Cjtdrvdjsc ; ; - L`kc jydrc ^`scoj`h ; adjgdt`fuc m`dr`f jydrc,lu`hct`s,l`p`j jydrc jydrc mcr`s`l`j,e`ltor
pdjidtus,ndr`t rcjg`jjy` jydrc y`jg mcr`s`l`j.
- @k`rl`j tdlfjcl rdh`ls`sc ldp`m` p`scdj 06
^`scoj`h ; ujtul adjg`k`rl`j p`scdj `p` nch` jydrc tcanuh - Ndrcl`j `j`hgdtcl sdsu`c progr`a ^`scoj`h ; ujtul adjgur`jgc r`s` jydrc - Onsdrv`sc ]]U ^`scoj`h ; ujtul adjgdt`fuc ld`m``j uaua p`scdj. Mc`gjos` > ; Fcpdrtdrac ndrfunujg`j mdjg`j Cjv`sc `gdjt m`h`a scrluh`sc m`r`f sdlujmdr tdrf`m`p cjeh`a`sc fdp`r.(22227) >.9.9 ]uku`j m`j Lrctdrc` F`sch Yufu tunuf m`h`a rdjt`jg jora`h J`mc m`j ^^ m`h`a rdjt`jg jora`h jora`h
]cm`l `m` pdrun`f`j w`rj` luhct m`j tcm`l `m` puscjg, adr`s` jy`a`j >.9.= Cjtdrvdjsc `. Onsdrv`sc t`jm`-t`jm` vct`h ^`scoj`h ; ]`jm` vct`h adrup`l`j `iu`j ujtul adjgdt`fuc ld`m``j uaua p`scdj. n. @jkurl`j lhcdj acjua 5-6 gdh`s/f`rc sdtc`p ldj`cl`j sufu tunuf 0²I mdjg`j adj`an`fl`j acjua 0 gdh`s. ^`scoj`h ; Rdjcjgl`t`j sufu tunuf adjg`lcn`tl`j pdjgu`p`j tunuf adjcjgl`t sdfcjgg` pdrhu mccan`jgc mdjg`j `sup`j i`cr`j y`jg n`jy`l/`mdlu`t. i. Hcn`tl`j ldhu`rg` ujtul tcjm`l`j loaprds f`jg`t ^`scoj`h ; pdacjm`f`j p`j`s sdi`r` lojmulsc. m. Loh`nor`sc m`h`a pdandrc`j on`t `jtcpcrdtcl ^`scoj`h ; m`p`t adan`jtu adjurujl`j p`j`s Mc`gjos` 9 ; ^dsclo ldtcm`lsdcan`jg`j jutrcsc lur`jg m`rc ldnutuf`j tunuf
ndrfunujg`j
mdjg`j
G`jggu`j
`nsorsc
m`j
adt`nohcsad
pdjidrj``j a`l`j`j.(2222>)
03
>.9.4 ]uku`j Lrctdrc` f`sch Ydtdh`f mcndrcl`j pdr`w`t`j p`scdj `l`j adjujkull`j; Adapdrhcf`tl`j st`tus gczc; `sup`j a`l`j`j m`j i`cr`j, y`jg mcnultcl`j ohdf cjmci`tor sdn`g`c ndrclut; 0.
]cm`l `mdlu`t
>.
Ydmclct `mdlu`t
9.
Iulup `mdlu`t
=.
@mdlu`t
4.
Y`jg`t `mdlu`t Cjmci`tor
0
>
9
=
4
A`l`j`j or`h, pdandrc`j a`l`j`j hdw`t sdh`jg, `t`u jutrcsc p`rdjtdr`h tot`h @sup`j i`cr`j or`h `t`u CU
Adapdrt`f`jl`j ndr`t n`m`j `t`u ndrt`an`f.
Adjkdh`sl`j loapojdj gczc `mdlu`t
Adjgujgl`pl`j tdl`m ujtul ada`tufc mcdt
Adjohdr`jsc mcdt y`jg mc`jkurl`j
Adapdrt`f`jl`j a`s` tunuf m`j ndr`t n`m`j m`h`a n`t`s jora`h
Adachclc jch`c h`nor`torcua m`h`a n`t`s jora`h
Adh`porl`j tcjgl`t djdrgy y`jg `mdlu`t
>.9.5 Cjtdrvdjsc m`j ^`scoj`h L`kc cjt`ld p`scdj. ^ ; Ydn`g`c Ydn`g`c cjeora`sc m`s`r ujtul pdrdji`j``j `w`h m`j v`hcm`sc m`t` ]cjgl`tl`j cjt`ld a`l`j adh`huc ; Lur`jgc g`jggu`j m`rc hu`r K`g` prcv`sc px Y`kcl`j a`l`j`j m`h`a lojmcsc f`jg`t
>2
^ ; I`r` lfusus tcjgl`t`l`j j`esu a`l`j Ydhcjgc a`l`j mdjg`j acjua ^ ; Adaum`fl`j a`l`j`j a`sul K`g` ldndrscf`j auhut p`scdj ^ ; Auhut y`jg ndrscf adjcjgl`tl`j j`esu a`l`j Ndrcl`j a`l`j sdmclct t`pc sdrcjg ^ ; Adjcjgl`tl`j cjt`ld a`l`j`j Loh`nor`sc mdjg`j `fhc gczc ^ ; Adandrcl`j `sup`j mcdt y`jg tdp`t. >.9.7 ]uku`j m`j Lrctdrc` F`sch ]uku`j; sdtdh`f mch`lul`j tcjm`l`j ldpdr`w`t`j sdh`a` 4 x >= k`a p`scdj tcm`l adjg`h`ac cjkury. Lrctdrc` F`sch;
R`scdj a`apu adjgcmdjtcecl`scl`j e`ltor-e`ltor rdsclo m`j
ldlu`t`j cjmcvcmu y`jg adapdjg`rufc tohdr`jsc tdrf`m`p `ltcvct`s
Ndrp`rtcscp`sc m`h`a prog`a rdf`nchct`sc ujtul adjcjgl`tl`j
lda`apu`j ujtul ndr`ltcvct`s
A`apu adachcf ndndr`p` `htdrj`tce ujtul adapdrt`f`jl`j
tcjgl`t `ltcvct`s
>.9.6 Cjtdrvdjsc m`j ^`scoj`h L`kc tcjgl`t lda`apu`j lhcdj m`h`a adh`lul`j gdr`l
^/ sdn`g`c m`s`r ujtul adandrcl`j `htdrj`tcv m`j h`tc`j gdr`l y`jg sdsu`c mdjg`j lda`apu`jjy`
^dji`j`l`j
tdjt`jg
pdandrc`j
prog`a
h`tcf`j
sdsu`c
lda`apu`j p`scdj ^/ h`tcf`j pdrgdr`l`j m`p`t m`p`t adjcjgl`tl`j otot m`j stcauh`sc scrluh`sc m`r`f
Ndrcl`j mcdt tcjggc l`hscua
^/ adan`jtu adjgg`jtc l`hscua y`jg fch`jg
>0
@k`rl`j lhcdj tdjt`jg n`g`ca`j` adh`lul`j `ltcvct`s
sdf`rc-f`rc ^/
ujtul
adjcjgl`tl`j adjcjgl`tl`j pdrgdr`l`j
m`j adh`lul`j
pdrgdr`l`j y`jg `a`j
Hcn`tl`j ldhu`rg` ujtul adh`tcf aonchct`s p`scdj
^/ ujtul adjmulujg p`scdj
Lojsuht`scl`j mdjg`j `fhc td`pc ecscl
^/
ndra`je``t
cjmcvcmu`h
m`j
adjgfch`jgl`j
m`h`a
adjgdan`jgl`j
adjgcmdjtcecl`sc sp`sad
otot,
prog`a
ldnutuf`j
`h`t
adjcjgl`tl`j
h`tcf`j ujtul eujgsc
aotorcl, adjidg`f / adjurujl`j `troec m`j lojtr`ltur p`m` scstda ausiuh`r.
Rdh`cf`rc,
Rrdsdptor @l`mdacl
(…..………..………..……..…) (…..………..………..……..…)
K`ju`rc >205
Rrdsdptor Lhcjcl
(…….…………...….………) (…….…………...….………)
>>
>9
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