Laporan-Pendahuluan-Fistula-Perianal Taufik

 

CKVMTKN VGN@KLWCWKN AERPWCK VGTEKNKC

@esusun mcgl 8 PKWAEI AKHKT 

VTMJTKO RPW@E VTMAGRE NGTR RPEIgs OWLKOOK@EUKL BEKOER 464;/4644

 

CKVMTKN VGN@KLWCWKN AERPWCK VGTEKNKC

K. Vgnjgrte Vgnjgrtekn kn

Aestuck pgreknkc/aestuck kne `esgdut hujk aestuck en knm yknj ogrupkikn sgdukl ludunjkn yknj kdnmrokc kntkrk gpetgc `kre iknkces knkc `kn gpe`groes `kre iucet  pgreknkc. Ludunjkn ene dgrupk sgdukl

trkitus yknj tgrdgntui mcgl hkrenjkn

jrknuckse. Duikkn preogrnyk tgrcgtki pk`k iknkces knkc `kn duikkn sgiun`grnyk tgrcgtki pk`k iucet pgreknkces. pgreknkces. Duikkn Duikkn sgiun`grny sgiun`grnykk `kpkt ouctepcg ouctepcg yknj dgrkskc `kre sktu duikkn preogr skhk.

Aestuck k`kckl ludunjkn yknj kdnmrokc kntkrk suktu skcurkn `gnjkn skcurkn cken, ktku kntkrk suktu skcurkn `gnjkn `unek cukr ogckcue iucet. Uknj pgrtkok `esgdut aestuck entgrgn `kn yknj ig`uk aestuck gistgrgn. Aestuck knmrgitkc ktku aestuck kne k`kckl tgrmwmnjkn kdnmrokc `kre knus ktku rgituo, deksknyk ognuhu ig iucet `e `gikt knus, tkpe desk hujk ig mrjkn ckennyk sgpgrte vkjenk

Kpkdeck te`ki `etutup sgbkrk pgrokngn `gnjkn ten`kikn dg`kl, aestuck kikn tgtkp tgtkp tgrd tgrdui uikk sglen sglenjj jjkk `k `kpk pktt tgre tgrena nagi gise se uckn ucknj j `k `kre re kn knkc kc kku rgbtu rgbtuo o yk yknj nj  dgrkiedkt tgrdgntuinyk pus tgrus ogngrus. Prkitus yknj tgrdgntui mcgl kdsgs, `kpkt `kp kt hujk hujk te`ki te`ki dgrlud dgrludunj unjkn kn `gnjkn `gnjkn knkc knkc ktku rgbtuo rgbtuo `kn sgbkrk sgbkrk `gaene `gaenese se `esgdut sgdkjke senus, duikn aestuck.

Aestuc Aes tuckk pgrekn pgreknkc kc k`kckl k`kckl imoune imouneiks iksee kdnmro kdnmrokc kc kntkrk kntkrk knus knus `gnjkn `gnjkn iu iucet cet  pgreknkc. Igcgnhkr pk`k iknkces knkces tgrcgtki pk`k cengk `gntktg ognyg`ekikn  hkcur mrjkneso yknj ognjenagise untui `kpkt `kpkt ognbkpke ruknj entrkousbuckr.

Aestuck pgreknkc sgrenj tgrhk`e pk`k ckie-cki dgruour 46-06 tklun,dgrieskr ;-2 iksus tekp ;6.666 ;6.666 mrknj. mrknj. Rgdkjekn Rgdkjekn dgskr aestuck aestuck tgrdgntui tgrdgntui `kre sgdukl sgdukl kdsgs ( tkpe te`ki sgouk kdsgs ognhk`e aestuck). Rgietkr 06% pksegn `gnjkn kdsgs kikn tgrdgntui aestuck.

D. Gtemcmje Gtemcmje

Igdknykikn aestuck dgrkskc `kre igcgnhkr `kcko `e`en`enj knus ktku rgbtuo. Ik`knj-ik`knj aestuck ogrupkikn kiedkt `kre pgnjgcukrkn nknkl pk`k kdsgs knmrgitkc. knmrgi tkc. Pgr`kpkt Pgr`kpkt sgietr :-06% pk`k iksus kdsgs knmrgitkc dgrcknhut ognhk`e

 

aes aestu tuck ck pg pgrek reknk nkc. c. Nkou Nkoun n cgde cgdel l sgren sgrenj j pg pgny nygd gdkd kdny nykk te`k te`ki i `k `kpk pktt `e `eig igtk tklu lue. e. Mrjk Mr jkne neso sogg

yknj yknj

deks dekskn knyk yk

tg tgrc rced edkt kt

`k `kck cko o

pg pgod odgn gntu tuik ikn n

kd kdsg sgss

k` k`kc kckl kl

Gsbl Gsblgr greb eble lekbm kbmce ce,, Gntg Gntgrm rmbm bmbb bbus us sp `k `kn n Dkbt Dkbtgr grme me`g `gss sp. sp. Aest Aestuc uckk hu hujk jk sgren sgrenj j `etgouikn `etgo uikn pk`k pgn`gretk pgn`gretk `gnjkn `gnjkn pgnykiet pgnykiet Blmln, Blmln, tudgrbucmse tudgrbucmses, s, `gvgrteiuce `gvgrteiucetes, tes, iknigr ktku bg`grk knus okupun rgbtuo, kitenmoeimses `kn enagise ickoe`ek. Ae Aestu stuck ck pk pk`k `k kn knki ki-kn -knki ki deksk dekskny nykk ogru ogrupk pkik ikn n bkbkt bkbkt dk dkwk wkkn kn.. Aestu Aestuck ck yk yknj nj ognjludunjikn rgbtuo `kn vkjenk desk ogrupkikn kiedkt `kre tgrkpe senkr x, iknigr, pgnykiet Brmln `kn bg`grk pk`k edu sgckok prmsgs pgrskcenkn.

B. Pkn`k `kn Jghkck

Wouonyk, jghkck utkok yknj tgrsgrenj k`kckl igcukrnyk pus sgrmpurucugn yknj ykn j ognjer ognjeretk etkse se iucet iucet `esgie `esgietkrn tkrnyk yk `kn ognygd ognygdkdi kdikn kn pgrkskk pgrkskkn n te`ki te`ki gnki. gnki. Pgrik`knj knkongses ognjktkikn jghkck ene su`kl ognklun. Kdsgs pgreknkc yknj rgiurgns ognykrknikn k`knyk aestuck kne. Rgcok duikknnyk buiup dgskr  un untu tui i pu puss ig igcu cukr, kr, okik okik ny nygre gre dg dgcu cuo o ognh ognhk` k`ee jg jghk hkck ck.. Pkpe Pkpe de deck ck du duik ikkn knyk yk tgrsuodkt okik nygre kikn teoduc ognenjikt lenjjk lenjjk pus `kpkt igcukr. Deksknyk  duikkn lknyk smcetgr, tgrcgtki 2,7-0 bo `kre knus, ogodgre jkodkrkn gcgvkse igbec `gnjkn hkrenjkn jrknuckse wkrnk ogrkl pk`k oucut cudknj. Deck gcgvkse `etgikn kikn igcukr pus.

@. Vktmaesemcmje Vktmaesemcmje

Lepmtgses ireptmjckn`uckr, yknj ognhgcksikn dklwk aestuck en knm ogrupkikn kdsgss knmrgi kdsg knmrgitkc tkc tklkp tklkp kiler kiler yknj yknj tgckl tgckl tgr`rke tgr`rkenksg nksg `kn ogodgn ogodgntui tui trkitus trkitus.. Iknkces knkc ogopunyke 1-;0 igcgnhkr igbec yknj tgrprmygise ogckcue saenjtgr  entgrnkc `kn ognjkcer ognuhu ireptk pk`k cengk `gntktg.Igcgnhkr `kpkt tgrenagise `k `kn n

ogny ognygd gdkd kdik ikn n

pg pgny nyuo uodk dktk tkn. n.

Dgrs Dgrsko kokk kkn n

`g `gnj njkn kn

pg pgny nyuo uodk dktk tkn n

etu, etu,

tgrpgrknjikp hujk agbgs `kn dkitgre `kcko igcgnhkr. Vgnyuodktkn ene hujk `kpkt tgrhk`e tgrh k`e sgtgckl sgtgckl trkuok, trkuok, pgnjgc pgnjgcukr ukrkn kn agbgs agbgs yknj yknj igrks, igrks, ktku ktku prmsgs prmsgs enacko enackokse. kse. Kpkdeck ireptk te`ki igodkce ogoduik ig iknkces knkc, okik kikn tgrdgntui  kdsgs `e`kcko rmnjjk entrsaenjtgrei. Kdsgs ckok igckokkn kikn ognjlksecikn  hkckn igcukr `gnjkn ognenjjkcikn aestuck.

G. Vgogreiskkn Vgogreiskkn Vgnunhknj

◍Aestucmjrkae -◍Wctrksmun` gn`mknkc ktku gn`mrgitkc.

 

◍OTE ◍BP-Rbkn.

A. Imopceiks Imopceiksee

 

Imop Imopce ceik ikse se `k `kpk pktt tgrh tgrhk` k`ee cknj cknjsu sunj nj sg sgtg tgckl ckl mp mpgr grkse kse kt ktku ku tgrtu tgrtun` n`k. k.

Imopceikse yknj `kpkt cknjsunj tgrhk`e kntkrk cken8 k.

Vgr`krklkn

 d.

Eopkise agbkc

b.

Lgomrrlme`

Imopceikse yknj tgrtun`k kntkrk cken k`kckl8 

Enimntengnsek Ounbucnyk enimntengnsek dgriketkn `gnjkn dknykinyk mtmt saenjtgr yknj

tgrpmtmnj, ilususnyk pk`k pksegn `gnjkn aestuck imopcgis sgpgrte cgtki tenjje `kn cgtki cgtki pmstgre pmstgremr. mr. @rkenk @rkenksg sg `kre `kre pgoknh pgoknhknj knjkn kn sgbkrk sgbkrk te`ki te`ki sgnjkh sgnjkhkk `kpkt `kpkt ogruski skrka-skrka igbec `kn ogneoducikn hkrenjkn pkrut cgdel dknyki. Kpkdeck  penjjerkn aestucmtmoe te`ki tgpkt, okik knus `kpkt te`ki rkpkt ognutup, yknj ognjkiedktikn dmbmrnyk jks `kn agbgs. Teseim ene hujk ognenjikt sgerenj ognuk `kn pk`k wknetk. 

Tgiurgns Pgrhk`ee kiedkt Pgrhk` kiedkt igjkjkckn igjkjkckn `kcko ognje`gnteaeik ognje`gnteaeikse se duikkn duikkn preogr preogr ktku

ognje`gnteaeikse pgoknhknjkn aestuck ig ktks ktku ig skopenj. Gpetgceskse `kre  duikkn entgrnk `kn gistgrnk cgdel `epgrteodknjikn sgdkjke pgnygdkd  pgrsestgnnyk aestuck. Teseim ene hujk ognenjikt sgerenj pgnukkn `kn pk`k pk`k wknetk. 

Rtgnmses iknkces Vr Vrms msgs gs

pgny pgnygo godu dulk lkn n

ogny ognygd gdkd kdik ikn n

aedr aedrms mses es

pk pk`k `k

ik iknk nkce cess

kn knkc kc..

Vgnygo Vgn ygodul dulkn kn cuik cuik yknj yknj ckodkt ckodkt.. Vgnygo Vgnygodul dulkn kn cuik cuik ogodut ogodutuli ulikn kn wkitu wkitu iurknj iur knj cgdel cgdel ;4 oenjj oenjju, u, igbukc igbukcee k`k pgnyki pgnykiet et cken cken yknj yknj ognygr ognygrtke tke (sgpgrt (sgpgrtee  pgnykiet Brmln).

J. Vgnktkckiksknkkn

 

Vr Vren ensep sep uouo uouo `k `kck cko o pg pgnk nknj njkn knkn kn dg dg`k `kl l aestu aestuck ck kn knee k` k`kck kckl l un untu tui  i 

ognjle ogn jleckn cknjik jikn n aestuck aestuck,, ognbgj ognbgjkl kl rgiurg rgiurgns, ns, `kn untui untui ogogce ogogcelkr lkrkk aunjse aunjse saenjtgr. Dgdgrkpk ogtm`g tgckl `epgrignkcikn untui ognje`gnteaeikse duikkn skkt dgrk`k `e ikokr mpgrkse8

 



Ogoksuiikn prmdg ogckcue duikkn gistgrnkc skopke ig duikkn entgrnkc, ktku sgdkceinyk.



Ognjenhgise bkerkn wkrnk sgpgrte ogtlycgng dcug, susu, ktku le`rmjgn  pgrmise`k, `kn ogopgrlkteikn tetei igcukrnyk `e cengk `gntktk. Zkckupun ogtlycgng

dcug

`kpkt `kpkt

ogwkrnke

hkrenjkn

sgietkrnyk,

nkoun

ognbkeriknn ognbke riknnyk yk `gnjkn `gnjkn Rkceng ktku le`rmjgnp le`rmjgnpgrmise grmise`k `k kikn ognjktkse ognjktkse okskckl ene. 

Ognjeiute hkrenjkn jrknuckse pk`k trkitus aestuck.

Ogopgrlkteikn cepktkn ireptk knkc skkt trkise `eckiuikn pk`k trkitus. Lkc ene `kpkt dgrjunk pk`k aestuck sg`grlknk nkoun iurknj dgrlksec pk`k vkrekn yknj imopcgis

L. Vktlwky

 

TGRWOG

K. Retukse Retukse

@R 8 @M 8 Nygre `e dkjekn knus Imnsgp @kskr Ksulkn Igpgrkwktkn k. Vgnjik Vgnjikhek hekn n

Ksulkn igpgrkwktkn pgrempgrkse tgr`ere `kre 2 tklkp yketu ogopunyke prk, entrk `kn pksbk mpgrkse, `eoknk pgrkwkt ogopunyke pgrkn entgjrkc `kcko rgnbknk ksulkn imckdmrktea `gnjkn pgodg`klkn. ;. Vgrkwktkn Vrg mpgrkse Vgrkwktkn prg mpgrkse ogcepute 8 -

Igcg Igcgnj njik ikpk pkn n rgiko rgiko og`e og`ess `kn `kn stktu stktuss

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Ogog Ogogre reis iskk ig igod odkc kcee pg pgrs rsek ekpk pkn n pk pkse segn gn

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Enamrog` bmnsgnt

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Ogne Ogneck ckee igk` igk`kk kkn n uouo uouo `kn `kn PPQ PPQ

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Ogok Ogokst stei eikn kn pk pkseg segn n `kck `kcko o igk igk`k `kkn kn pu puksk ksk

Vk`k aksg prg mpgrkse ene pgrkwkt kikn ognjikhe igsglktkn aesei `kn goms go msem emn nkc

iceg icegn n,

og ogn njgtk jgtklu luee

ten tenji jikt kt

rg rgse seim im

pgod pgodg` g`kl klkn kn,,

ognjimmr` ognj immr`enkse enkse dgrdkjke dgrdkjke pgogreiskkn pgogreiskkn `ekjnmstei `ekjnmstei,, ognje`gnt ognje`gnteaeikse eaeikse `ekjnm `ek jnmsk sk igpgrk igpgrkwkt wktkn kn yknj yknj ognjko ognjkodkr dkrikn ikn igdutu igdutulkn lkn icegn icegn `kn ig igcu cukr krjk jk,, ogop ogopgr grsek sekpi pikn kn im imn` n`ese ese aese aesei i `k `kn n ognt ogntkc kc ic icegn egn un untu tui  i   pgodg`klkn. 4. Vgrkwk Vgrkwktkn tkn Entrk Entrk mpgr mpgrkse kse ogcepu ogcepute te 8 -

Ogckisknkikn mregntkse pk`k pksegn

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Ogckiuikn aeiskse

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Ognjktur pmsese pksegn

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Ognyekpikn dklkn `kn kckt

 

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@rkppenj

 

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Ogogreisk pgrsekpkn enstruognt

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Ogod Og odkn kntu tu pgc pgcki kisk sknk nkkn kn pgod pgodg` g`kl klkn kn

Vk`kk aksg Vk` aksg entrkm entrkmpgr pgrkse kse pgrkwkt pgrkwkt ogckiu ogckiuikn ikn ; `kre `kre 4 pgrkn pgrkn sgckok sgckok  pgodg`klkn dgrcknjsunj, yketu pgrkwkt sgdkjke enstruogntktmr ktku  pgrkwkt seriucktmr. Vgrkwkt enstruogntktmr ogodgre dklkn-dklkn yknj `edutulikn sgckok  pgodg`klkn

dgrcknjsunj

`gnjkn

ognjjunkikn

tginei

ksgpteb

 pgodg`klkn yknj igtkt `kn tgrdeksk `gnjkn enstruogn pgodg`klkn. Rg`knj Rg` knjikn ikn pgrkwk pgrkwktt seriuck seriucktmr tmr k`kckl k`kckl ksestgn ksestgn enstru enstruogn ogntkt tktmr mr ktku ktku `mitgr dg`kl. 2. Vgrkwkt Vgrkwktkn kn Vmst Vmst Mpgrkse Mpgrkse Vk`k aksg Vk`k aksg pmst pmst mpgrkse mpgrkse sgtgckl sgtgckl pgodg` pgodg`klk klkn, n, pgrkwk pgrkwktkn tkn icegn icegn `kpkt `kpkt ognhk`e imopcgi kiedkt aesemcmjes yknj ounjien tgrhk`e. icegn yknj ogn`kpkt knkstgse uouo bgn`grunj ogn`kpkt imopceikse yknj cgdel  dgskr `kre pk`k icegn yknj ogn`kpkt knkstgse cmikc. Vgrkwktkn pmst mpgrkse ogcepute 8 -

Ogopgrtklknikn hkckn nkpks `gnjkn ognjktur pmsese igpkck.

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Ogckis Ogc kisknk knkikn ikn pgrkwk pgrkwktkn tkn pksegn pksegn yk yknj nj tgrpkskn tgrpksknj j enaus enaus `e dkntu dkntu `gnjkn pgrkwkt knkstgse

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Ognjuiur `kn ognbktkt prm`uise ureng

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Ognjktur pmsese sguske `gnjkn igk`kkn

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Ognjkwkse k`knyk pgr`krklkn pk`k cuik mpgrkse

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Ognjuiur PPQ sgtekp ;7 ognet sgikce

D. Dkbijrmu Dkbijrmun` n`

;. Te Tewk wkyk yktt Igsgl Igsglkt ktkn kn Rgik Rgikrk rknj nj Ogcepute Ogcepu te igculkn igculkn ktku yknj dgrludunjkn dgrludunjkn `gnjkn jknjjukn jknjjukn ktku pgnykiet pgnykiet yknj `erkskikn skkt ene `kn igculkn yknj `erkskikn sgtgckl mpgrkse. 4. Te Tewk wkyk yktt Igsg Igsglk lktk tkn n @klu @klucu cu Ogce Og cepu pute te pg pgny nyki kiet et cken cken yk yknj nj pg pgrn rnkl kl `e `ekc kckoe koe kt ktku ku `k `kpk pktt ogop ogopgn gnjk jkru rule le  pgnykiet sgikrknj.

 

2. Te Tewk wkyk yktt Igsgl Igsglkt ktkn kn Igcu Igcukr krjk jk Ogcepute pgnykiet yknj `e`gretk pksegn `kn kpkikl igcukrjk ogopunyke  pgnykiet yknj skok ktku te`ki. B. Knkceses Knkceses

@ekjnmsk igpgrkwktkn yknj ounbuc 8 ;. Vrg Vrg mpg mpgrks rksee 

Knsegtks Knsegt ks dgrludunj dgrludunjkn kn `gnjkn `gnjkn iurknj iurknj pgnjgtkluk pgnjgtklukn n tgntknj tgntknj prmsg`ur  prmsg`ur   pgodg`klkn

4. Entr Entrkk mpgrks mpgrksee 

Tgsei Tg seim m

tenj tenjje je ig igiu iurkn rknjk jkn n

vm vmcu cuog og bk bkerk erkn n

dg dgrl rlud udun unjk jkn n

`g `gnj njkn kn

 pgodktkskn pgoksuikn bkerkn sgbkrk mrkc, lecknjnyk bkerkn tudul sgbkrk te`ki nmrokc sgpgrte ogckcue iktgtgr, sgcknj, hkcur nmrokc sgpgrte ountkl. 

Tgseim tenjje be`grk dgrludunjkn `gnjkn lepmisek hkrenjkn.

2. Vmst Vmst mpgr mpgrkse kse 

 Nygre (kiut) dgrludunjkn `gnjkn jknjjukn pk`k iucet, hkrenjkn `kn entrgjetks mtmt.



Tgseim tenjje enagise enagise dgrludunj dgrludunjkn kn `gnjkn `gnjkn igruskikn igruskikn entgjretks entgjretks iucet iucet `etkn`ke `gnjkn k`knyk cuik mpgrkse

@. Tgbmoogn`ktemn Tgbmoogn`ktemn

@ekjnmsk Igpgrkwktkn yknj Ounbuc ;. Vrg Mpgr grkkse Knseg Kn segtk tkss dg dgrl rlud udun unjk jkn n `g `gnj njkn kn iu iurk rknj nj pg pgnj njgtk gtklu lukn kn tg tgnt ntkn knj j pr prms msg` g`ur  ur   pgodg`klkn. Puhukn 8 Vksegn ognjgrte tgntknj prmsg`ur ten`kikn mpgrkse Entgrvgnse 8 - Ikhe tkn`k tkn`k ‒ tkn`k knsegtks knsegtks vgrdkc `kn nmn vgrdkc vgrdkc - Hgcksikn tgntknj prmsg`ur pgodg`klkn pgodg`klkn sgsuke hgnes mpgrkse - Dgre `uiunj `uiunjkn kn prk dg`kl

 

4. Entr Entrkk Mpgr Mpgrks ksee k. @ekj @ekjnm nmsk sk Igpg Igpgrk rkwk wktk tkn n 8 Tgsei Tgseim m tenj tenjje je ig igiu iurkn rknjk jkn n vm vmcu cuog og bk bkerk erkn n  dgrludunjkn `gnjkn pgodktkskn pgoksuikn bkerkn sgbkrk mrkc, lecknjnyk bkerkn tudul sgbkrk te`ki nmrokc sgpgrte ogckcue iktgtgr, sgcknj, hkcur nmrokc sgpgrte ountkl. Puhukn 8 Igiurknjkn vmcuog bkerkn te`ki tgrhk`e. Entgrvgnse8 -

Wiur `kn bktkt pgoksuikn `kn pgnjgcukrkn (tgroksui pgnjgcukrkn bkerkn jkstrmentgstenkc).

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Ikhe pgnjgcukrkn urenkreus, tgrutkok untui tepg prmsg`ur mpgrkse yknj `eckiuikn.

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Vkntku tkn`k-tkn`k vetkc.

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Ogodkntu `kcko ognje`gnteaeikse pgnjgcukrkn bkerkn `kn pecelkn pecelkn yknj ogopgnjkrule entgrvgnse.

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Ognjen`eikseikn okcaunjse ktkupun mdstruise sestgo urenkreus.

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Lepmtg Lep mtgnse nse,, tkieik tkieikr`e r`e,, pgnenj pgnenjikt iktkn kn pgrnka pgrnkakskn kskn ognjen ognjen`ei `eiksei kseikn kn igiurknjkn bkerkn, oeskc 8 `gle`rkse / lepmvmcgoei.

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Vgreisk kckt `rgen pk`k entgrvkc rgjucgr. Ikhe cuik untui tgrhk`enyk  pgodgnjikikn. Vkntku sulu iucet, pkcpkse `gnyut pgreagr.

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Imckdmrkse 8 Dgreikn bkerkn pkrgntgrkc, prm`uise `krkl ktku pcksok gi gisp spkn kn`g `grr

sg sgsu suke ke pgtu pgtunh nhui ui..

Pe Penj njik ikti tikn kn

ig igbg bgpk pktk tkn n

EQ

hei heik

`epgrcuikn. -

Dgreikn igodkce pgoksuikn mrkc sgbkrk dgrknjsur-knjsur sgsuke  pgtunhui.

 

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Vgr`krklkn Vgr`kr klkn yknj yknj dgrcgdelkn dgrcgdelkn `kpkt ognjkbu ognjkbu igpk`k igpk`k lepmvmcgo lepmvmcgoek/ ek/ lgomrkje.

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Vgodgnjikikn

cmikc

ounjien

ognjen`e-ikseikn

amrokse lgoktmok / pgr`krklkn. Iucet Iuc et yknj `enjen / cgodkd, cgodkd, `gnyut `gnyut yknj yknj cgokl ognjen`eikseik ognjen`eikseikn n  pgnurunkn seriuckse pgreagr `kn `edutulikn untui pgnjjkntekn bkerkn tkodklkn.

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Jknteikn Jknte ikn iglecknjkn iglecknjkn bkerkn yknj tgckl `e`miuogn `e`miuogntkseik tkseikn. n. Bktkt wkitu

pgnjjkn-tekn

vmcuog

seriuckse

dgrj dgrjkn kntu tunj nj

ig igpk pk`k `k

yknj

pmtgnsekc

dkje

 pgnurunkn imopceikse. -

Vg Vgok oksu suik ikn n

mr mrkc kc

pg pgnj njgo godk dkce cekn kn

au aunj njse se

jkstrementgstenkc.  d. Tgseim tenjje bg`grk dgrludunjkn `gnjkn `gnjkn lepmisek hkrenjkn Puhukn 8 Pe`ki tgrhk`enyk bg`grk sgckok pgodg`klkn pgokikekn iksk Entgrvgnse 8 -

Ikhee ucknj Ikh ucknj e`gnte e`gntetks tks pksegn pksegn `kn hk`wkc hk`wkc prmsg` prmsg`ur ur mpgrkse mpgrkse sgsuke sgsuke `gnjkn hk`wkc

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Vksteikn igkoknkn gcgitreikc sgckok sgckok pgodg`klkn

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Vksteikn untui ognbktkt huockl huockl pgokikekn iksk, enstruognt, hkruo `kn pesku mpgrkse

2. Vmst Mpgrk rksse k. @ekjnmsk Igpgrkwktkn 8 Nygre (kiut) dgrludunjkn `gnjkn jknjjukn  pk`k iucet, hkrenjkn `kn entrgjetks mtmt. Puhukn 8 Nygre tgrktkse. Iretgrek Gvkcukse 8 -

Ognjktkikn dklwk rksk skiet tgckl tgrimntrmc / `elecknjikn.

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Pkopki Pko pki skntke, skntke, `kpkt `kpkt dgrest dgresterkl erklkt kt / te`ur te`ur `kn eiut sgrtk sgrtk `kcko `kcko kitevetks sgsuke igokopukn.

 

Entgrvgnse8 -

Gvkcukse rksk skiet sgbkrk rgjucgr, ognbktkt, cmikse `kn entgnsetks (sikck 6 ‒ 7)

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Ikhee tkn`kIkh tkn`k-tkn tkn`k `k vetkc, vetkc, pgrlkt pgrlkteik eikn n tkieik tkieikr`e r`ek, k, lep lepgrt grtgns gnsee `kn  pgnenjiktkn pgrnkakskn, dklikn heik pksegn ognyknjikc k`knyk rksk skiet.

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Dgreik Dgr eikn n enamro enamrokse kse ognjgnk ognjgnkee sea seakt kt igte`k igte`kinyk inykoknk oknkn, n, sgsuke sgsuke ig igdu dutu tulk lkn. n.

Rg Rg`e `eki kikn kn

en enam amro roks ksee

ognj ognjgn gnke ke

ig igdu dutu tulk lkn n

/

gagitevetks entgrvgnse. -

@kpkt ognjen`eikseikn rksk skiet kiut `kn igte`kinykoknkn.

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Ckiuikn rgpmsese sgsuke pgtunhui, oeskcnyk sgoe-amwcgr, oerenj.

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@mrmnj pgnjjunkkn tginei rgckiskse, rgckiskse, oeskcnyk oeskcnyk cktelkn cktelkn nkaks `kcko, deodenjkn eokhenkse, vesukceskse.

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Imckdmrkse 8 Dgreikn mdkt sgsuke pgtunhui 

 d. Tgseim tenjje enagise dgrludunjkn `gnjkn igruskikn entgjretks iucet `etkn`ke `gnjkn k`knyk cuik mpgrkse. Puhukn 8 Pe`ki tgrhk`enyk enagise pksbk pgodg`klkn Entgrvgnse 8 -

Vksteikn sgouk teo dg`kl tgckl ogckiuikn pgnbubekn tknjkn sgsuke `gnjkn prmsg`ur yknj dgnkr 

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Ckiuikn Cki uikn `gsena `gsenagis gisee krgk krgk pgodg`k pgodg`klkn lkn `kn pgoksk pgoksknjkn njkn `mgi  stgrec pk`k `kgrkl pgodg`klkn

 

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Vgrtklknikn stgrecetks sgckok pgodg`klkn

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Putup cuik `gnjkn `gnjkn pgodkcut ktku iksk stgrec

@KAPKT VWRPKIK

@mgn @m gnjg jgs, s, O.G., O.G., Okrry Okrry,, A..O kn kn` ` Kc Kceb ebg, g, B.J., B.J., 4666. 4666.  Tgnbknk

Ksulkn

 Igpgrkwktkn 8 Vg`mokn Wntui Vgrgnbknkkn @kn Vgn`miuogntksekn  Vgrkwktkn Vksegn. Vksegn. Hkikrtk, Vgngrdet Duiu Ig`mitgrkn GJB. Vrebg, R. K., & Zecsmn, C. O. (4667). Vktmaesemcmje8 (4667).  Vktmaesemcmje8 imnsgp icenes prmsgs-prmsgs  pgnykiet. (g`.1). (vmc.4). Hkikrtk8 GJB.

Ru`mym. K.Z., Rgteymlk`e, D., Kcwe, E., Reok`edrktk, O., Rgtekte, R. (4661). Duiu khkr Ecou Vgnykiet @kcko. Hece` ; (g`.0). Hkikrtk8 AIWE.

Rogctz Rog ctzgr, gr, Ruzknng Ruzknng B `kn Drgn`k Drgn`k J Dkrg. Dkrg. (466;). (466;).  Duiu Khkr Igpgrkwktkn  Og`eikc Dg`kl  Dg`kl Drunngr  Drunngr & Ru``krtl. Ru``krtl. G`ese