Laporan Mikroskop

 

LKVNZKM VZKEXAEPI JANLNOA V@ZXKMAKM V@MO@MKLKM ENIVNM@M CKZK V@MOOPMKKM HKM V@ZK_KXKM IAEZNSENV

Z@MKLHQ KJAIKMQP ;136;686;6:; E@LNIVNE WAA

DPZPSKM JPHAHKQK V@ZXKMAKM GKEPLXKS V@ZXKMAKM PMAW@ZSAXKS VKLKMOEK ZKQK :6;1

 

L@IJKZ V@MO@SKBKM

LKVNZKM VZKEXAEPI JANLNOA V@ZXKMAKM V@MO@MKLKM ENIVNM@M CKZK V@MOOPMKKM HKM V@ZK_KXKM IAEZNSENV

X`lkb hap`raesk hkm has`tudua nl`b ksast`m prketaeui pkhk4   Bkra Bkra 4... 4..... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..   Xkmookl 4.................................

 

KSASX@M VZKEXAEPI

ZNJ@M JKZAC@LN  CKK ;;2 662

aa

 

HKGXKZ ASA

  Bklkikm L@IJKZ V@MO@SKBKM......................... V@MO@SKBKM............................................... ...................................... .......................... .......... aa HKGXKZ ASA............................................ ASA.................................................................. ............................................ .............................. ........ HKGXKZ XKJ@L .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. .......................

aaa av

HKGXKZ OKIJKZ ........................................... .................................................................................. .......................................

v

V@MHKBPLPKM................................................................................ ;.;. Lktkr J`lkekmo...................................... J`lkekmo............................................................ ......................................... ................... ;.:. Xudukm Vrketaeui.................................... Vrketaeui.......................................................... ....................................... .................

; :

AA. XAMDKPKM VPSXKEK............................... VPSXKEK..................................................... ......................................... ................... :.;. V`mo`rtakm iaernsenp Inmneul`r hkm Jamneul`r ......................... :.:. D`mas-d`mas iaernsenp hkm gumosamyk ............................................ ............................................ :.3. Sagkt-sagkt jkykmokm ykmo habksalekm iaernsenp ..........................

3 8 8

AAA. JKBKM HKM I@XNH@.................................. I@XNH@...................................................................... .................................... 3.;. _ketu hkm X`ipkt....................................... X`ipkt......................................................................... .................................. 3.:. Klkt hkm Jkbkm....................................... Jkbkm............................................................. ........................................ .................. 3.3. Ckrk E`rdk............................................ E`rdk.................................................................. ..................................... .................... .....

0 0 0

AW. BKSAL HKM V@IJKBKSKM............................................................ V@IJKBKSKM.............................................................. 8.;. Bksal V`mokiktkm.................................... V`mokiktkm.......................................................... ....................................... ................. 8.:. V`ijkbkskm...................................... V`ijkbkskm............................................................ ............................................ ........................ ..

? 2

W. V@MPXPV............................... V@MPXPV..................................................... ............................................ ......................................... ................... 0.;. E`saipulkm..................................... E`saipulkm........................................................... ........................................ ......................... ....... 0.:. Skrkm....................................... Skrkm............................................................. ............................................ ................................. ...........

;6 ;6

A.

HKGXKZ VPSXKEK LKIVAZKM

aaa

 

HKGXKZ XKJ@L

;. Xkj`l ; Bksal Bksal V`mokiktkm V`mokiktkm Gumosa Gumosa Jkoakm Jkoakm Iaernse Iaernsenp.. np....... .......... .......... .......... ............ ........... .... 2 :. Xkj`l : Bksal Bksal V`mokiktkm V`mokiktkm Vr`pkrkt Vr`pkrkt Vkhk Vkhk Iaernsen Iaernsenp.... p......... ......... ......... .......... ............... ............ 1

av

 

HKGXKZ OKIJKZ 

;. Okijkr Okijkr ; Iaernsen Iaernsenp p Inmneul Inmneul`r.... `r......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... ........... ................ ................... ............... ...... 3 :. Okijkr Okijkr : Iaernsenp Iaernsenp Jamneul`r.. Jamneul`r....... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ........... ................ ................... ......... 3

v

 

;

A. V@MHKB V@MHKBPLP PLPKM KM ;.;. Lktkr Lktkr J`lkek J`lkekmo mo

Iae Ia ernse rnsen np

p`rt p`rtki kikk

ekla kla

hae hae`ijk `ijkm moe oekm km

pkh khkk

kj kjkh kh

e` e`-; -;7 7

h` h`mo mokm km

i`mooumkekm l`msk ykmo s`h`rbkmk umtue i`moktur ckbkyk jaksk. V`m`iu s`l hklki hkl ki susumk susumkm m nrokma nrokmasi` si` khklkb khklkb j`rski j`rskikkm kkm h`mokm h`mokm iumcul iumculmyk myk p`ikek p`ikekakm akm iaernsenp, ykatu iaernsenp ckbkyk. Jkae atu ykmo iaernsenp inmneul`r ktkupum iaernsenp jamneul`r. Iaernsenp inmneul`r atu s`mhara khklkb iaernsenp ykmo i`ialaea l`msk tumookl s`hkmoekm iaernsenp jamneul`r i`ialaea l`msk okmhk. V`rtkikk ekla p`rj`skrkm ykmo hat`iuekm V`rtki hat`iuekm pkhk iaernsenp iaernsenp ama bkmyk s`j`skr earkeark ;6 ekla hkra ueurkm njd`e s`j`mkrmyk. S`t`lkb i`moklkia p`rjkaekm kebarmyk  p`rj`skrkm jask i`mckpka bamook 866 ekla hkra ueurkm njd`e. Hkpkt haektkekm  jkbwk p`m`iukm klkt-klkt nptae ykmo p`rtkik khklkb suktu pkmoekl hkra  p`m`iukm iaernsenp. Vkhk kjkh e`-;7 L`nmkrhn hk Wamca hkm Ikurnlycn i`ip`roumkekm l`msk umtue i`labkt j`mhk-j`mhk ykmo e`cal. Vkhk tkbum ;016 s`pkskmo ekeke-j`rkhae ykatu Tkcbkry hkm Grkmcas Dkms`m ykmo j`re`jkmoskkm J`lkmhk i`m`iuekm huk jukb l`msk c`ijumo hklki s`jukb tkjumo. V`m`iukm ama hakmookp s`jkoka kwkl iulk hkra p`m`iukm iaernsenp (Sra, :6;8). Khkpum Khk pum p`mo`r p`mo`rtakm takm iaernse iaernsenp np i`muru i`murutt pkrk pkrk kbla. kbla. Iaerns Iaernsenp enp khklkb khklkb klkt utkik utk ik hklki hklki i`ip`l i`ip`lkdk kdkra ra struetu strueturr j`mhkj`mhk-j`m j`mhk hk e`cal, e`cal, iaerns iaernsenp enp nptae nptae hkpkt hkpkt hajk hajkoa oa ktks ktks :, yk ykat atu u iaer iaerns nsen enp p Ja Janl nlno noaa (inm (inmne neul ul`r) `r) hk hkm m iaer iaerns nsen enp p st`r` st`r`n n (jamneul`r) (Suraptn, ;118). Iaernsenp Janlnoa khklkb iaernsenp ykmo haoumkekm  p`mokiktkm j`mhk tapas trkmspkrkm. V`myamkrkm halkeuekm hkra jkwkb jkwkb h`mokm samkr  klki ktku lkipu (I. Kiam, ;118). Iaernsenp jamneul`r khklkb iaernsenp ykmo haoumkekm umtue p`mokiktkm j`mhk-j`mhk ykmo tahke t`rlklu j`skr, trkmspkrkm ktku tahke. V`myamkrkm hkpkt haktur hkra ktks ikupum hkra jkwkb h`mokm samkr  klki ktku lkipu (Ikrak, :6;7). Hklki e`oaktkm p`lkeskmkkm Vrketaeui Janlnoa V`rtkmakm t`mtkmo V`mo`mklkm Ckrk V`mooumkkm hkm V`rkwktkm Iaernsenp khkpum ikmgkkt hkm e`oumkkm eatk hklki i`lkeskmkekm e`oaktkm ama, ykatu4 k). I`ijkmtu eatk i`labkt njd`e-njd`e  ykmo tahke hkpkt halabkt nl`b iktk t`lkmdkmo5 j). I`mokikta nrokmasi` ktkupum

 

:

njd`e lkam ykmo j`rsagkt iaernsenpas5 iaernsenpas5 c). I`ijkmtu I`ijkmtu eatk i`mokikta i`mokikta s`l-s`l ykmo khk pkhk ikeblue bahup. A.:.. Xudukm A.: Xudukm Vrket Vrketaeu aeui i

Hklk Hk lki i p` p`lk lkes eskm kmkk kkm m Vr Vrke keta taeu eui i Ja Janl nlno noaa V` V`rt rtkm kmak akm m t` t`mt mtkm kmo o V` V`mo mo`m `mklk klkm m Enipnm Eni pnm`m `m Ckrk Ckrk V`moou V`mooumkk mkkm m hkm V`rkwk V`rkwktkm tkm Iaerns Iaernsenp enp khkpum khkpum tudukm tudukm hkra hkra e`oaktkm ama, ykatu4 ;.

I`mo`m I`mo`mkl kl enipnm` enipnm`m-e m-enip nipnm` nm`m m hkm ckrk p`mooum p`mooumkkm kkm iaerns iaernsenp enp..

:.

I`lkta I`lktab b e`t`rkipa e`t`rkipalkm lkm hklki hklki i`mooum i`mooumkek kekm m iaernsen iaernsenp p hkm i`ijukt i`ijukt pr`pkrk pr`pkrktt ykmo kekm hakikta ha jkwkb iaernsenp.

3.

I`ik I`ikbk bkia ia ckr ckrkk p`rk p`rkwk wktkm tkm iaer iaerns nsen enp. p.

 

3

AA AA.. XAMD XAMDKP KPKM KM VPSX VPSXKE KEK K :.;. V`mo`rtakm V`mo`rtakm Iaernsenp Inmneul`r Inmneul`r hkm Iaernsenp Iaernsenp Jamneul`r

S`ckrk uiui iaernsenp inmneul`r khklkb iaernsenp ykmo bkmyk i`ialaea sktu jukb l`msk hkm suij`r ckbkykmyk hkra c`riam ykmo khk hajkwkb jkoakm iaernsenp s`bamook daek amoam i`mooumkekm iaernsenp inmneul`r bkrus j`rkhk  pkhk ckbkyk ykmo t`pkt. Mkium s`aramo j`rdklkmmyk wketu eama khk duok iaernsenp inmneul`r ykmo suij`r ckbkykmyk suhkb i`ikeka lkipu lk ipu (Sra, :6;8). Iaernsenp Iaern senp jamneul`r jamneul`r khklkb iaernsenp iaernsenp ykmo i`ialaea i`ialaea huk l`msk neul`r neul`r hkm suij`rr ckbkykmyk suij` ckbkykmyk j`rsuij`r j`rsuij`r hkra lkipu ykmo habahupek habahupekm m i`mooumke i`mooumkekm km lastrae. lastrae. Xahke s`p`rta iaernsenp inmneul`r ykmo bkrus i`mckra suij`r ckbkyk hulu daek amoam haoumkekm (Sra, :6;8). Khkpum p`rj`skrkm hkra iaernsenp inmneul`r ikupum iaernsenp jamneul`r. V`rj`skrkm iaernsenp t`rs`jut j`rokmtumo pkhk p`rj`skrkm l`msk neul`r hkm l`msk njd`etag hkra iksamo-iksamo iaernsenp. Daek p`rj`skrkm l`msk njd`etag 8x hkm l`ms l`mskk neul neul`r `r ;6x ;6x ikek ikek p`rj p`rj`s `skr krkm km pkhk pkhk iaer iaerns nsen enp p t` t`rs rs`j `jut ut kh khkl klkb kb 86 86x x  p`rj`skrkm, daek p`rj`skrkm l`msk njd`etag ;6x hkm l`msk neul`r ;6x ikek  p`rj`skrkm pkhk iaernsenp t`rs`jut khklkb ;66x p`rj`skrkm hkm daek p`rj`skrkm  pkhk l`msk njd`etag 86x hkm l`msk neul`r ;6x ikek p`rj`skrkm ykmo habksalekm nl`b iaernsenp t`rs`jut khklkb 866x p`rj`skrkm. J`oatu duok s`t`rusmyk, kpkjalk amoam i`mo`tkbua p`rj`skrkm ykmo khk pkhk iaernsenp jask halkeuekm h`mokm ckrk i`moklaekm p`rj`skrkm pkhk l`msk njd`etag h`mokm p`rj`skrkm pkhk l`msk neul`r (Sra, :6;8).

Okij Ok ijkr kr ;. Iaer Iaerns nsen enp p Inm Inmne neul ul`r `r

Okij Okijkr kr :. Iaer Iaerns nsen enp p Jam Jamne neul ul`r  `r 

 

8

(www.ikt`raapk.cni) www.ikt`raapk.cni)

(www.i`hacklnoy.cni)

:.:. D`mas-d`mas Iaernsenp hkm Gumosamyk Gumosamyk

Hklki p`re`ijkmokm iaernsenp ha j`j`rkpk h`ekh` t`rkebar eama iaernsenp t`lkb j`re`ijkmo j`oatu p`skt. J`raeut ama khklkb d`mas-d`mas iaernsenp j`s`rtk gumosamyk4 gumosa myk4 k). Iaernsenp Iaernsenp ckbkyk, i`rupkekm i`rupkekm iaernsenp iaernsenp ykmo i`mokmhkl i`mokmhklekm ekm suij`r ckbkyk hkra samkr iktkbkra, lkipu pkhk rukmokm ktku lkipu ykmo suhkb t`rs`ha t`rs `hakk pkhk pkhk iaerns iaernsenp enp atu s`mhar s`mhara. a. Iaerns Iaernsenp enp ama i`ipum i`ipumyka yka p`rj`s p`rj`skrk krkm m ikesaiui bamook ;666x p`rj`skrkm. D`mas iaernsenp ama jakskmyk hat`iuekm  pkhk s`enlkb-s`enlkb ktku lkjnrktnraui e`cal5 j). Iaernsenp @l`etrnm, jask haja hajalk lkmo mo j` j`mt mtue ue s` s`ip ipur urmk mk hk hkra ra iaer iaerns nsen enp p ck ckbk bkyk yk ek ekr`m r`mkk iaer iaerns nsen enp p am amaa i`mooumkekm suij`r ckbkyk hkra hklki iaernsenp ama s`mhara. Iaernsenp ama  duok i`ialaea huk tap`, ykatu iaernsenp `l`etrnm sckmmamo (S@I) hkm iaernsenp `l`etrn `l`e trnm m trkmsi trkmsiasa asa (X@I). (X@I). Iaerns Iaernsenp enp ama duok duok i`iala i`ialaea ea p`rj`s p`rj`skrkm krkm bamoo bamookk ;66.666x p`rj`skrkm. Jakskmyk iaernsenp ama haoumkekm umtue i`mokikta njd`e  s`ckrk s`c krk taok taok hai` hai`ms msaa hk hkm m i`mo i`moki kikta kta s` s`ckr ckrkk h` h`tk tkal al stru struet etur ur am amt` t`rm rmkl kl s`l. s`l. c). Iaernsenp St`r`n, i`rupkekm d`mas iaernsenp ykmo bkmyk jask haoumkekm umtue   j`mhk ykmo j`rueurkm j`skr. Iaernsenp st`r`n st`r` n i`ialaea p`rj`skrkm ? bamook 36x  p`rj`skrkm. J`mhk ykmo hakikta nl`b iaernsenp ama duok hkpkt halabkt s`ckrk s `ckrk taok hai`msa (Sra, :6;8). :.3. Sagkt-Sagkt Jkykmokm ykmo ykmo Hapkmtulekm nl`b nl`b Iaernsenp Iaernsenp

Sagkt jkykmokm pkhk iaernsenp ama j`rokmtumo pkhk d`mas l`mskmyk. Vkhk l`msk neul`r sagkt jkykmokm ykmo t`rj`mtue khklkb ikyk, t`oke hkm hap`rj`skr  s`hkmoe s`hk moekm km pkhk pkhk l`msk l`msk njd`et njd`etag ag sagkt sagkt jkykmo jkykmokm km ykmo ykmo t`rj`m t`rj`mtue tue khklkb khklkb my myktk, ktk, t`rjkla t`rj klae e hkm hap`rj hap`rj`skr `skr s`bamoo s`bamookk jkykmo jkykmokm km ykmo ykmo hapkmt hapkmtule ulekm km nl`b nl`b iaernse iaernsenp np khklkb ikyk, t`rjklae hkm hap`rj`skr (Ikrak, :6;7).

 

0

AAA.. JKBKM AAA JKBKM HKM I@XNH I@XNH@ @ 3.;. _ketu _ketu hkm X`ipk X`ipktt

E`oaktkm Vrketaeui Janlnoa V`rtkmakm t`mtkmo V`mo`mklkm Enipnm`m, Ckrk V`mooumkkm hkm V`rkwktkm Iaernsenp halkeskmkekm pkhk bkra S`lksk, 6; Netnj`r  :6;1, :6; 1, pueul pueul 6?.366?.36-61. 61.;6 ;6 _AJ. _AJ. J`rt`i J`rt`ipkt pkt ha o`humo o`humo Lkjnrk Lkjnrktnr tnraui aui Durusk Duruskm m Juhahkyk V`rtkmakm, Gkeultks V`rtkmakm, Pmav`rsatks Vklkmoek Zkyk. 3.:. Klkt hkm Jkbkm Jkbkm

Hklk Hk lki i p` p`lk lkes eskm kmkk kkm m Vr Vrke keta taeu eui i Ja Janl nlno noaa V` V`rt rtkm kmak akm m t` t`mt mtkm kmo o V` V`mo mo`m `mklk klkm m Enipnm Eni pnm`m `m Ckrk Ckrk V`moou V`mooumkk mkkm m hkm V`rkwk V`rkwktkm tkm Iaerns Iaernsenp enp khkpum khkpum jkbkm jkbkm ykmo ykmo haoumkekm haoum kekm pkhk prketaeui prketaeui ekla ama khklkb pntnmokm pntnmokm e`rtks ykmo j`rtulasekm j`rtulasekm “V’, “j’ hkm “I’. E`iuhakm klkt-klkt ykmo haoumkekm pkhk prketaeui ekla ama khklkb iaernse iae rnsenp np jamneu jamneul`r l`r,, sal`t, sal`t, pap`t, pap`t, o`lks o`lks j`mhk j`mhk (njd`e (njd`e/sla /slah` h` olkss), olkss), hkm o`lks o`lks  p`mutup (cnv`r olkss). 3.3.. Ckrk 3.3 Ckrk E`rdk E`rdk

3.3.;.. V`ijuktkm 3.3.; V`ijuktkm Vr`pkrkt Vr`pkrkt hkm hkm V`mooumkkm V`mooumkkm Iaernsenp Iaernsenp Hklk Hk lki i V`lk V`lkes eskm kmkkm kkm Vr Vrke keta taeu eui i Ja Janl nlno noaa V` V`rtk rtkma makm km t` t`mt mtkm kmo o V` V`mo mo`m `mkl klkm km Enipnm Eni pnm`m `m Ckrk Ckrk V`moou V`mooumkk mkkm m hkm V`rkwk V`rkwktkm tkm Iaerns Iaernsenp enp khkpum khkpum ckrk e`rdk e`rdk i`ijukt pr`pkrkt, ykatu4 ;.

I`myak I`myakpek pekm m klkt hkm hkm jkbkm jkbkm ykmo kekm kekm haoum haoumkek kekm m hklki hklki p`mokik p`mokiktkm tkm

:.

I`l`tk I`l`tkeek eekm m pntnmok pntnmokm m e`rtks e`rtks e`cal/n e`cal/njd` jd`e e ykmo j`rtu j`rtulase lasekm km burug burug V,j hkm hkm I ha o`lks j`mhk ykmo t`lkb st`ral

3.

I`m I`m`t`s `t`sek ekm m kqu kqukh kh`s `s i`mo `moou oumk mkek ekm m pap ap`t `t e` njd jd`e `e e` e`i iuh uhak akm m hatut atutu up i`mooumkekm o`lks p`mutup (ekr`mk ha prketaeui ama i`mooumkekm jkbkm hkra e`rtks ikek st`p mninr 3 ama hal`wktekm).

8.

I`l` I`l`tk tkee eekm km pr pr`p `pkrk krktt ha ktks i`dk pr`pkrk pr`pkrktt kt ktur urlk lkb b pn pnsa sasam samyk yk kokr iuhkb iuhkb hakikta hkm d`pat i`mooumkekm p`md`pat ekck.

0.

I`ia I`iala lab b l` l`ms mskk njd` njd`et etag ag ykmo ykmo s` s`su suka ka hk hklk lki i p` p`mo moki kikt ktkm km,, i`mo i`moou oumk mkek ekm m  p`moktur gneus umtue i`moktur i`moktur e`gneuskm hkra njd`e ykmo hakikta.

 

7

7.

I`moki I`mokikta kta sagkt sagkt jkykmok jkykmokm m ykmo hatk hatkipk ipkeek eekm m hklki hklki iaernse iaernsenp. np.

?.

I`mhne I`mhneui` ui`mtk mtksae saekm km bksal bksal p`mokik p`mokiktkm tkm umtue umtue e`p`r e`p`rluk lukm m lkpnrkm lkpnrkm..

3.3.:. 3.3 .:. Ckrk Ckrk V`i` V`i`lab labkrk krkkm km Iaer Iaernse nsenp np Hklki e`oaktkm Vrketaeui Janlnoa V`rtkmakm t`mtkmo V`mo`mklkm Enipnm`m Ckrk Ck rk V` V`mo moou oumk mkkm km hkm hkm V` V`rk rkwk wktk tkm m Iaer Iaerns nsen enp p kh khkp kpum um ck ckrk rk p` p`i` i`la labk bkrk rkkm km iaernsenp, ykatu4 ;.

Iaerns Iaernsenp enp hasai hasaipkm pkm ha t`ipkt t`ipkt ykmo ykmo s`due, s`due, e`ramo e`ramo,, j`jks j`jks h`ju hkra hkra ukp kski kski hkm jksk.

:.

Vkhk Vkhk jkoakm jkoakm iaernse iaernsenp np mnm-np mnm-nptae tae jask jask haj`rsab haj`rsabekm ekm i`moou i`mooumke mkekm km ekam glkm`l glkm`l hkm umtue jkoakm ykmo t`rs`lap jask i`mooumkekm euks e`cal ktku euks l`msk eki`rk.

3.

L`msk-l L`msk-l`msk `msk iaernse iaernsenp np haj`rsab haj`rsabekm ekm i`moou i`mooumke mkekm km tassu` tassu` l`msk ykmo haj`ra haj`ra klenbnl ?6%. Dkmokm i`ij`rsasbekm l`msk h`mokm i`mooumkekm skpu tkmokm ktku lkp ekam.

8.

S` S`j` j`lu lui i i`my i`myai aipk pkm m iaer iaerns nsen enp, p, i`dk i`dk iaer iaerns nsen enp p ha hakt ktur ur lk lkoa oa hk hkm m l` l`ms mskk njd`etag hadkubekm hkra i`dk pr`pkrkt h`mokm i`iutkr klkt p`moo`rkemyk e`  pnsasa s`iulk.

0.

Vkhk Vkhk jkoakm jkoakm enmh`m enmh`msnr snr haturum haturumekm ekm e`ijkla e`ijkla,, lkipu lkipu hae`cale hae`calekm km amt`msatk amt`msatksmy smykk t`rl`jab hkbulu lklu haiktaekm (daek iaernsenp lastrae).

 

?

AW. BKSAL BKSAL HKM V@IJKBKS V@IJKBKSKM KM 8.;. Bksal V`mokiktkm

Xkj`l ; Bksal V`mokiktkm Gumosa Jkoakm Iaernsenp  Mn

Jkoakm Iaernsenp

Gumosa

. ;.

L`msk Neul`r

I`ip`rj`skr jk jkykmokm yk ykmo t` t`lkb ha hajukt nl nl`b l`msk njd`etag.

:.

L`msk Njd`etag

I`ip`rj`skr jkykmokm hkra njd`e.

3.

Z`vnlv`r

I`moujkb ueurkm l`msk njd`etag.

8.

Hakgrkoik

I`moktur s`j`rkpk jkmyke ckbkyk hap`rluekm umtue i`labkt njd`e.

0.

C`riam

I`m`raik hkm i`ikmtulekm ckbkyk.

7.

Iaer Iaerni ni`t `t`r `r

I`mk I`mkae aeek ekm m kt ktku ku i`mu i`muru rume mekm km tk tkju jumo mo s` s`ck ckrk rk lkijkt umtue i`mhkp kpkkt e`d `d``lkskm hkr kraa okijkrkm njd`e ykmo haamoamekm.

?.

Xnijnl V`iusk skttkm

I`m`ip `ipktekm jkykmkokkm ha t`mokb-t` -t`mokb lkpkmokm hakgrkoik.

2.

Xkjumo Iaernsenp

I`mobujumoekm l`msk neul`r iaernsenp.

1.

L`m `mo okm Ia Iaernsenp

X`ipkt p p``mokikt i` i`i`o `okkmo ia iaernsenp.

;6.

I`dk I`dk J`mhk J`mhk

I`m`ip I`m`ipkte ktekm km njd`e njd`e ykmo ykmo kekm kekm hakikt hakikta. a.

;;.

Ikerni`t`r

I`mkaeekm ktku i`murumekm tkjumo s` s `ckrk c`pkt umtue i`mhkpktekm e`d`lkskm okijkrkm hkra njd`e.

;:.

Jkhkm Vapk

V`mykmook sast`i l`msk.

;3.

Ekea Iaernsenp

I`mdkok iaernsenp t`tkp pkhk t`ipkt ykmo

njd`etag

hkm

ykmo

l`msk

 

2

haamoamekm. ;8.

Enmh`msnr

I`mouipulekm ck ckbkyk yk ykmo ha hapkmtulekm nl nl`b c`riam hkm i`iusktekmmyk e` njd`e.

;0.

S`mha Amelamksa

V`moktur suhut t`okemyk iaernsenp.

Xkj`l : Bksal V`mokiktkm pr`pkrkt pkhk iaernsenp  Mn S`j`lui S`suhkb .

E`t`rkmokm

;  Myktk, X`rjklae, hkm Hap`rj`skr 

:

3

8.:. V`ijkbks V`ijkbkskm km

Myktk, X`rjklae, hkm Hap`rj`skr 

 Myktk, X`rjklae, hkm Hap`rj`skr 

 

1

Vk Vkhk hk

p`lk p`lkes eskm kmkk kkm m

Vr Vrke keta taeu eui i

Janl Janlno noaa

V` V`rt rtkm kmak akm m

t` t`mt mtkm kmo o

V` V`mo mo`m `mkl klkm km

Enipnm`m Ckrk V`mooumkkm hkm V`rkwktkm Iaernsenp, prketaekm i`mokikta iaernsenp jamneul`r hkra p`mokiktkm ykmo t`lkb halkeuekm pkhk prketaeui ekia i`mhkp i`mh kpkt ktek ekm m bk bksal sal,, yk ykat atu4 u4 k) k).. L`msk L`msk ne neul ul`r `r,, yk ykmo mo j` j`rgu rgumo mosa sa i`ip i`ip`r `rj` j`skr  skr   jkykmokm ykmo t`lkb hajukt nl`b l`msk njd`etag5 j). L`msk njd`etag, j`rgumosa s`jkoka s`jk oka i`ip`r i`ip`rj`s j`skr kr jkykmo jkykmokm km hkra hkra njd`e njd`e55 c). Z`vnlv Z`vnlv`r, `r, j`rgum j`rgumosa osa s`jkok s`jkokaa i`mouj i`m oujkb kb ueurk ueurkm m l`msk l`msk njd`et njd`etag5 ag5 h). Hakgrk Hakgrkoik oik,, j`rgum j`rgumosa osa s`jkok s`jkokaa i`mokt i`moktur  ur  s`j`rkp s`j` rkpkk jkmyke jkmyke ckbkyk ckbkyk ykmo ykmo hap`rl hap`rluek uekm m umtue umtue i`labk i`labktt njd`e5 njd`e5 `). C`riam C`riam,,  j`rgumosa i`m`raik hkm i`ikmtulekm ckbkyk5 g). Iaerni`t`r, j`rgumosa s`jkoka i`mkaeekm ktku i`murumekm tkjumo s`ckrk lkijkt umtue i`mhkpkt hkra okijkrkm njd`e5 njd `e5 o). Xnijnl Xnijnl p`iusk p`iusktkm tkm,, j`rgum j`rgumosa osa s`jkok s`jkokaa i`m`ip i`m`ipkte ktekm km jkykmo jkykmokm km ha t`mokb-t`mok t`mokb -t`mokb b lkpkmokm lkpkmokm hakgrkoik5 hakgrkoik5 b). Xkjumo Xkjumo iaernsenp, iaernsenp, j`rgumosa s`jkok s`jkokaa i`mobu i`mo buju jumo moek ekm m l`ms l`mskk njd` njd`et etag ag hkm hkm l`ms l`mskk ne neul ul`r `r iaer iaerns nsen enp5 p5 a). a). L`mo L`mokm km iaernsenp, j`rgumosa s`jkoka t`ipkt p`mokikt i`i`okmo iaernsenp5 d). I`dk  j`mhk, j`rgumosa s`jkoka i`m`ipktekm njd`e ykmo kekm hakikta5 e). Ikerni`t`r, i`mkaeekm ktku i`murumekm tkjumo s`ckrk c`pkt umtue i`mhkpktekm e`d`lkskm hkra okijkrkm njd`e5 l). Jkhkm papk, j`rgumosa s`jkoka p`mykmook sast`i l`msk5 i). Ekea iaernsenp, j`rgumosa s`jkoka i`mdkok iaernsenp kokr t`tkp pkhk t`ipkt ykmo ykm o haamoa haamoamek mekm5 m5 m). Enmh`m Enmh`msnr snr,, j`rgum j`rgumosa osa s`jkoka s`jkoka i`moui i`mouipul pulekm ekm ckbkyk ckbkyk hapkmtulekm nl`b c`riam i`iusktekmmyk e` njd`e5 n). Suhut amelamksa, j`rgumosa s`jkoka p`moktur suhut t`okemyk iaernsenp. Hklki bksal p`mokiktkm Vrketaeui Janlnoa V`rtkmakm t`mtkmo V`mo`mklkm Enipnm`m Ckrk V`mooumkkm hkm V`rkwktkm Iaernsenp ykmo t`lkb skyk lkeuekm burug I e`taek hakikta i`mooumkekm iaernsenp t`rlabkt i`mdkha “_’ j`oatu pulk ykmo ykmo hakl haklki kiaa e`ln e`lnip ipne ne lkam lkam e`ta e`taek ek i`mo i`moki kikt ktaa bu buru rugg V e` e`ta taek ek ha haki kikt ktaa i`mooumkek i`moo umkekm m iaernsenp iaernsenp t`rlabkt i`mdkha i`mdkha “h’ hkm e`lnipne ykmo i`mokikta i`mokikta burug j e`taek halabkt i`mooumkekm iaernsenp ikek kekm t`rlabkt i`mdkha “q’. Bkl t`rs`jut has`jkjekm nl`b l`msk neul`r hkm l`msk njd`etag i`rupkekm l`msk c`iju c`i jumo mo.. L`ms L`mskk nj njd` d`et etag ag i`ip i`ipum umyk ykaa sag sagkt kt my mykt ktk, k, t` t`rj rjkl klae ae hk hkm m ha hap` p`rj rj`sk `skr  r  s`hkmoekm l`msk neul`r i`ialaea sagkt ikyk, t`rjklae hkm hap`rj`skr.

 

;6

W. V@MP V@MPXP XPV V 0.;.. E`sai 0.; E`saipul pulkm km

E`saip E`s aipulk ulkm m ykmo ykmo hkpkt hkpkt eatk eatk kijal kijal hkra hkra p`lkesk p`lkeskmkk mkkm m prketa prketaeui eui Janlno Janlnoaa V`rtkm V`r tkmakm akm t`mtkm t`mtkmo o V`mo`m V`mo`mklk klkm m Enipnm Enipnm`m `m Ckrk Ckrk V`moou V`mooumkk mkkm m hkm V`rkwk V`rkwktkm tkm Iaerns Iae rnsenp enp khklkb khklkb t`rhkpk t`rhkpktt enipnm enipnm`m-e `m-enip nipnm nm`m `m pkhk pkhk iaernse iaernsenp np atu s`mhar s`mharaa ykatu4 yka tu4 k). L`msk L`msk neul`r neul`r55 j). L`msk njd`et njd`etag5 ag5 c). Z`vnlv Z`vnlv`r5 `r5 h). Hakgrk Hakgrkoik oik55 `). C`riam C`r iam55 g). Iaerni Iaerni`t`r `t`r55 o). Xnijn Xnijnll V`iuskt V`iusktkm5 km5 b). Xkjumo Xkjumo Iaerns Iaernsenp enp55 a). L`mokm iaernsenp5 d). I`dk j`mhk5 e). Ikerni`t`r5 l). Jkhkm papk5 i). Ekea iaernsenp5 m). Enmh`msnr5 hkm n). S`mha amelamksa. Khkp Kh kpum um ckrk ckrk i`ij i`ijuk uktt pr pr`p `pkr krkt kt pk pkhk hk p` p`lk lkes eskm kmkk kkm m pr prke keta taeu eui i Janl Janlno noaa V`rtkm V`r tkmakm akm t`mtkm t`mtkmo o V`mo`m V`mo`mklk klkm m Enipnm Enipnm`m `m Ckrk Ckrk V`moou V`mooumkk mkkm m hkm V`rkwk V`rkwktkm tkm Iaernsenp, ykatu4 k). I`myakpekm klkt hkm jkbkm ykmo kekm haoumkekm hklki  p`mokiktkm5 j). I`l`tkeekm pntnmokm e`rtks e`cal/njd`e ykmo j`rtulasekm burug  “V’, “j’ hkm “I’ ha o`lks j`mhk ykmo t`lkb st`ral5 c). I`l`tkeekm pr`pkrkt ha ktks i`dk i` dk pr`p pr`pkr krkt kt e` e`iu iuha hakm km i`mo i`mokt ktur ur pn pnsas sasam amyk yk ko kokr kr iuhk iuhkb b ha haki kikt ktaa hk hkm m d` d`pa patt i`moou i`m ooumke mkekm km p`md`p p`md`pat at ekck5 ekck5 h). I`iala I`ialab b l`msk l`msk nj njd`e d`etag tag ykmo ykmo s`suka s`suka hklki hklki  p`mokiktkm, i`mooumkekm p`moktur gneus umtue i`moktur e`gneuskm hkra njd`e  yk ykm m ke kekm km haki hakikt kta5 a5 `) `).. I`mo I`moki kikt ktaa sa sagkt gkt jk jkyk ykmo mokm km yk ykmo mo ha hatk tkip ipke keekm ekm hk hklk lki i iaernsenp5 g). I`mhneui`mtksaekm bksal p`mokiktkm umtue e`p`rlukm lkpnrkm. lk pnrkm. H`mokm H`m okm i`mo`t i`mo`tkbu kbuaa ckrk ckrk p`i`la p`i`labkr bkrkkm kkm iaerns iaernsenp enp eatk eatk ikipu ikipu l`jab l`jab jask jask i`rkwk i`r kwktt iaerns iaernsenp enp h`mokm h`mokm jkae jkae hkm j`mkr. j`mkr. J`j`rkp J`j`rkpkk cnmtnb cnmtnb khklkb khklkb h`mokm h`mokm i`myaipkm iaernsenp ha t`ipkt ykmo e`ramo hkm s`due hkm duok i`ij`rsabekm l`msk h`mokm klkt ebusus kokr tahke t`rdkha e`ruskekm. 0.:. 0.:. Skrk Skrkm m

Hklk Hk lki i p` p`lk lkes eskm kmkk kkm m Vr Vrke keta taeu eui i Ja Janl nlno noaa V` V`rt rtkm kmak akm m t` t`mt mtkm kmo o V` V`mo mo`m `mklk klkm m Enipnm Eni pnm`m `m Ckrk Ckrk V`moou V`mooumkk mkkm m hkm V`rkwk V`rkwktkm tkm Iaerns Iaernsenp enp khkpum khkpum skrkm skrkm ykmo ykmo hatuduekm hatud uekm e`pkhk skyk s`mhara s`mhara ykatu hklki p`lkeskmkkm p`lkeskmkkm prketaeui prketaeui s`lkmdutmy s`lkmdutmykk skyk j`rbkrkp e`pkhk hara skyk s`mhara kokr l`jab i`ikbkia kpk ykmo ksast`m  prketaeui skipkaekm jkae atu ikt`ra ktkupum lkmoekb-lkmoekb prketaeui kokr  skyk l`jab hkpkt i`ikbkia ikt`ra ykmo t`lkb haj`raekm.

 

;;

 

;:

HKGXKZ VPSXKEK

AVJ. :6;1. :6;1. Iaernsenp  Iaernsenp hkm V`mooumkkmmyk V`mooumkkmmyk,, Wnl :. Mn. ;4 ;7-;? hakes`s pkhk 8 Netnj`r :6;1. (www.apj.kc.ah (www.apj.kc.ah). ). Lnue, K. C., Sutkda, B. A. Hkm Supktrk, O. J. :6;?. V`iutkebarkm Iaernsenp Ckbkyk Inmneul`r I`mdkha Iaernsenp Haoatkl Pmtue V`ij`lkdkrkm Saswk SIK/S`h`rkd SIK/S `h`rkdkt. kt.  Durmkl Gasaek Skams hkm Kplaeksamyk. Kplaeksamyk. Wnl :. Mn. 34 ;6;;68. Ekrta Ek rtaek ek,, Ikra Ikrakk @lask @laskj` j`tb tb @mhk @mhkmo mo.. :6 :6;7 ;7.. Sue Sues`s s`s & Ikmhar Ikmharaa J`lkdk J`lkdkrr Janlno Janlnoaa . Qnoykekrtk4 Kmha Qnoykekrtk. E`i` E` i`mt mtrak rakm m V`mh V`mhah ahae aekm km hk hkm m E`ju E`juhk hkyk ykkm km.. :6 :6;8 ;8..  Aliu V`mo`tkbukm Klki. Klki. Amhnm`sak4 E`i`mtrakm V`mhahaekm Amhnm`sak. Zkbkyu, Sra. :6;8. Vrketaeui :6;8. Vrketaeui Janlnoa Piui. Piui. Iklkmo4 Pmav`rsatks Jrkwadkyk. Zagktul, Iksraebaykb. :6;1. @mbkmci`mt ng emnwl`ho` quklaty ng mkturkl sca`mc` stuh`mts am IA Aebskmaykb EPVP. Durmkl EPVP. Durmkl V`mokjhakm Iksykrkekt . Wnl :.  Mn. ;4 83-88 hakes`s pkhk (bttp4//`dnurmkl.steapskmtupkulus.kc.ah//)

3

Netnj`r

:6;1