LAPORAN MEKFLU ef

DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL LABOLATORIUM HIDROLOGI TANDA SELESAI PRAKTIKUM Tanda selesai praktikum Mekanika Fluida dan Laporan diberikan kepada : NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Nama Mahasiswa Arie putra Pratama Ganesha harold Firman Efendy Ady Syafputra Bobby Setiawan Febrian Trianda Rizky Indah Januarti

NIM 03091001006 03091001015 03091001027 03091001033 03091001058 03091001063 03091001068

Telah menyelesaikan percobaan sebagai berikut : No. 1

Judul Percobaan Alat Pengukuran Kalibrasi Tekanan Beban Mati

2

Tekanan Hidrostatis

3 4 5

Bendungan Dasar Penentu Tinggi Metasentris Dampak Aliran Jet Indralaya, 06 Desember 2010 Kepala Laboratorium

(……………………………….) NIP…………………………… ii

DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL LABOLATORIUM HIDROLOGI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN DARI DOSEN PENGASUH Menyatakan bahwa Mahasiswa di bawah ini : Nama

: Firman Efendy

NIM

: 03091001027

Fakultas

: Teknik

Jurusan

: Teknik Sipil

Telah menyelesaikan Laporan Praktikum Mekanika Fluida pada semester III.

Inderalaya, 06 Desember 2010 Dosen Pengasuh,

Imroatul Chalimah Juliana,S.T,M.T.

iii

DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL LABOLATORIUM HIDROLOGI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN DARI ASISTEN Menyatakan bahwa Mahasiswa di bawah ini : Nama

: Firman Efendy

NIM

: 03091001027

Fakultas

: Teknik

Jurusan

: Teknik Sipil

Telah menyelesaikan Laporan Praktikum Mekanika Fluida pada semester III.

Indralaya, 06 Desember 2010 Asisten,

Dede Irawan

iv

KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kita panjatkan untuk Allah SWT, karena atas rahmat dan hidayah serta pertolongan-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan laporan praktikum Mekanika Fluida ini tepat pada waktunya. Terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada dosen pengasuh mata kuliah Mekanika Fluida, Ibu Imroatul Chalimah Juliana,S.T,M.T. yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada kami untuk melakukan praktikum ini. Juga kepada kakak- kakak asisten Labolatorium Mekanika Fluida yang telah bersedia membimbing kami dalam praktikum dan memberikan masukan yang berguna demi selesainya laporan ini. Laporan Mekanika Fluida ini ditujukan untuk mahasiswa Teknik Sipil di dalam mempelajari dan mendalami ilmu Mekanika Fluida. Laporan praktikum Mekanika Fluida ini berisi percobaan- percobaan dan hasil dari peercobaan yang menyangkut Mekanika Fluida. Dalam pembuatan Laporan ini, pastilah terdapat banyak sekali kesalahankesalahan baik yang disengaja ataupun yang tidak disengaja. Untuk itu, kami mengharapkan adanya saran dan kritik yang sifatnya membangun dari pembaca, agar kesalahan ini dapat diperbaiki dikemudian hari.

Indralaya , 06 Desember 2010

Penyusun

v

DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul ..............................................................................................................................i Tanda Selesai Praktikum ........................................................................................................... ii Lembar Pengesahan dari Dosen Pengasuh .............................................................................. iii Lembar Pengesahan dari Asisten ..............................................................................................iv Kata Pengantar ............................................................................................................................ v Daftar Isi ......................................................................................................................................vi Daftar Gambar ......................................................................................................................... viii Daftar Grafik...............................................................................................................................ix

Percobaan I Kalibrasi Tekanan Beban Mati ............................................................................. 1 1.1

Tujuan Percobaan........................................................................................................... 1

1.2

Pengaturan Alat .............................................................................................................. 1

1.3

Dasar Teori..................................................................................................................... 2

1.4

Prosedur Percobaan ...................................................................................................... 12

1.5

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan ................................................................................ 14

1.6

Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................. 19

1.7

Aplikasi ........................................................................................................................ 20

Percobaan II Tekanan Hidrostatis ........................................................................................... 21 2.1

Tujuan Percobaan......................................................................................................... 21

2.2

Pengaturan Alat ............................................................................................................ 21

2.3

Dasar Teori................................................................................................................... 23

2.4

Prosedur Percobaan ...................................................................................................... 31

2.5

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan ................................................................................ 33

2.6

Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................. 40

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2.7

Aplikasi ........................................................................................................................ 40

2.8

Sumber Kesalahan ....................................................................................................... 40

Percobaan III Bendungan Dasar .............................................................................................. 42 3.1

Tujuan Percobaan......................................................................................................... 42

3.2

Pengaturan Alat ............................................................................................................ 42

3.3

Dasar Teori................................................................................................................... 43

3.4

Prosedur Percobaan ...................................................................................................... 53

3.5

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan ................................................................................ 54

3.6

Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................. 63

3.7

Sumber Kesalahan ....................................................................................................... 63

Percobaan IV Penentu Tinggi Metasentris .............................................................................. 64 4.1

Tujuan Percobaan......................................................................................................... 64

4.2

Pengaturan Alat ............................................................................................................ 64

4.3

Dasar Teori................................................................................................................... 65

4.4

Prosedur Percobaan ...................................................................................................... 77

4.5

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan ................................................................................ 79

4.9

Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................. 91

4.7

Aplikasi ........................................................................................................................ 91

4.6

Sumber Kesalahan ....................................................................................................... 91

Percobaan V Dampak Aliran Jet .............................................................................................. 93 5.1

Tujuan Percobaan......................................................................................................... 93

5.2

Pengaturan Alat ............................................................................................................ 93

5.3

Dasar Teori................................................................................................................... 94

5.4

Prosedur Percobaan .................................................................................................... 104

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5.5

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan .............................................................................. 105

5.9

Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................ 111

5.7

Aplikasi ...................................................................................................................... 111

5.6

Sumber Kesalahan ..................................................................................................... 111

Kartu Asistensi………………………………………………………….……………….……… Daftar Pustaka ...............................................................................................................................

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DAFTAR GAMBAR Percobaan I Kalibrasi Tekanan Beban Mati ............................................................................... 1.1

Alat Ukur Kalibrasi Tekanan Beban Mati ..................................................................... 1

1.1

Alat Ukur Bourdon ........................................................................................................ 4

1.2

Satuan dan Skala Ukur Tekanan .................................................................................... 7

1.3

Barometer Air Raksa...................................................................................................... 9

1.4

Manometer Sederhana.................................................................................................. 12

Percobaan II Tekanan Hidrostatis ............................................................................................... 2.1

Alat Tekanan Hidrostatis ............................................................................................. 21

2.2

Gambar 1 ...................................................................................................................... 25

2.3

Tekanan pada zat cair diam.......................................................................................... 26

2.4

Sudut elemen volume dalam fluida .............................................................................. 28

2.4

Gaya-gaya pada elemen volume ................................................................................. 28

Percobaan III Bendungan Dasar .................................................................................................. 3.1

Alat Bendungan Dasar ................................................................................................. 42

Percobaan IV Penentu Tinggi Metasentris .............................................................................. 64 4.1

Gambar a,b, .................................................................................................................. 64

4.2

Gaya Apung ................................................................................................................. 67

4.3

Komponen Vertikal ..................................................................................................... 69

4.4

Diagram Benda Bebas.................................................................................................. 71

4.5

Keseimbangan Benda Stabil, Tak Stabil Dan Netral ................................................... 73

4.6

Benda Terendam Stabil Berputar ................................................................................... 74

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Percobaan V Dampak Aliran Jet .................................................................................................. 5.1

Alat Ukur Dampak Aliran Jet ...................................................................................... 93

5.2

Daya hantar suatu saluran dengan aliran super kritis ................................................... 99

5.3

Kontur Permukaan Secara Umum Aliran Subkritis ..................................................103

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DAFTAR GRAFIK Percobaan I Kalibrasi Tekanan Beban Mati ............................................................................... 1.1

Grafik Hubungan antara tekanan pada alat terhadap persentase simpangan................ 18

1.2

Grafik Hubungan antara tekanan pada alat terhadap persentase simpangan Mutlak ... 18

Percobaan II Tekanan Hidrostatis ............................................................................................... 2.1

Hubungan

dan

...................................................................................................... 38

2.2

Hubungan

dan

....................................................................................................... 38

2.3

Hubungan

dan

...................................................................................................... 39

2.4

Hubungan

dan

..................................................................................................... 39

Percobaan III Bendungan Dasar .................................................................................................. Bukaan Segiempat 3.1

Hubungan Q dan T ....................................................................................................... 56

3.2

Hubungan Q dan H ...................................................................................................... 57

3.3

Hubungan Cd dan H..................................................................................................... 57

3.4

Hubungan Q dan Cd..................................................................................................... 58

3.5

Hubungan H3/2 dan Q ................................................................................................... 59

Bukaan Segitiga 3.6

Hubungan Q dan T ....................................................................................................... 60

3.10

Hubungan H5/2 dan Q ................................................................................................. 60

3.8

Hubungan H dan Q ...................................................................................................... 61

3.7

Hubungan H dan Cd..................................................................................................... 62

3.9

Hubungan Q dan Cd..................................................................................................... 62 xi

Percobaan IV Penentu Tinggi Metasentris .................................................................................. 4.1

Metasentris Kanan ( Y= 0 ) .......................................................................................... 83

4.2

Metasentris Kanan ( Y= 10 ) ........................................................................................ 84

4.3

Metasentris Kanan ( Y= 20 ) ........................................................................................ 85

4.4

Metasentris Kanan ( Y= 30 ) ........................................................................................ 86

4.5

Metasentris Kiri ( Y = 0 ) ............................................................................................. 87

4.6

Metasentris Kiri ( Y = 10 ) ........................................................................................... 88

4.7

Metasentris Kiri ( Y = 20 ) ........................................................................................... 89

4.8

Metasentris Kiri ( Y = 30 ) ........................................................................................... 90

Percobaan V Dampak Aliran Jet .................................................................................................. 5.1

Hubungan Fy dan W ( Lempeng Datar ).................................................................... 108

5.2

Hubungan Fy dan W (120)......................................................................................... 109

5.3

Hubungan Fy dan W (Hemispherikal) ....................................................................... 110

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