LAPORAN khusus fixBNGET

Laporan Kerja Praktek

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK  PT. PERTAMINA (PERSERO) RU VI BALONGAN INDRAMAYU PERIODE 1 Oktober 21! " #1 Oktober 21!

“Evaluasi Kinerja Heat Exchanger  12-E-101  12-E-101 A/B pada  Atmospheric  Residue Hydrodemetallization Hydrodemetallization ”

DISUSUN OLE$ % D&' Ek Prt'

(1 21# 2)

Se*t&+ D,-/kr

(1 21# 32)

0r&,+ I'' $

(1 21# 45)

 JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA 0AKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL BANDUNG 21!  Teknik  Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi eknol ogi Industri In dustri Institut Teknologi Nasional

Laporan Kerja Praktek

DAFTAR ISI

BAB I............................ ........................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................9 .............9 PENDAHULUAN............................ .......................................... ............................. .............................. .................................................... ..................................... 9 1.1

Latar Belakang............................. ........................................... ............................. ............................. ......................................... ........................... 9

1.2

Tujuan........................... .......................................... .............................. ............................. ..................................................... ....................................... 15

1.3

Perumusan Ma Masalah............................ .......................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. .................. ....15 15

BAB II............................. ............................................ .............................. ............................. ............................. .................................................... ..................................... 16 TINJAUAN PUTA!A ............................ ........................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ........................... ............ 16 2.1

Per"#n$ahan Panas............................. ............................................ ............................. ............................. ............................. ...................16 .....16

2.1.1

!%n$uks#............................. ........................................... ............................. .............................. ........................................ ......................... 16

2.1.2

!%n&eks# ............................ .......................................... ............................. ........................................................ ......................................... 17

2.1.3

'a$#as#............................ ........................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ..............................18 ...............18

2.2

Alat Penukar Panas............................ ........................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ...................18 ....18

2.3

!las#(#kas# Alat Penukar Panas ............................ ........................................... ............................. ..............................20 ................20

2.)

Arah Al#ran *lu#$a Pa$a Alat Penukar Panas ............................. ........................................... .......................21 .........21

2.+

T#"e Heat E,-hanger ............................ .......................................... ............................. ..............................................23 ...............................23

2.

Pem#l#han *lu#$a ..........................................................................................30

2./ 2./

Perm Permas asal alah ahan an Pa$a Pa$a Heat Heat E,-h E,-han ange ger  r ............................. ............................................ ....................................32 .....................32

2.0

*%ul#ng............................. ............................................ .............................. ............................. ............................. .................................... ..................... 32

2.0. 2.0.1 1 2. 2.

ara ara Men Mengu gura rang ng## *%ul *%ul#n #ng g "a$a "a$a Hea Heatt E,-h E,-han ange ger  r ......................................35 ......................................35

Anal Anal#s #saa Per Per(% (%rm rman an-e -e Heat Heat E,-h E,-han ange ger  r ..............................................................38 ..............................................................38

2. 2..1

lea lean n & &eral eralll % %e((# e((#--#ent #ent 4U-5 4U-5............................ ........................................... .....................................38 ......................38

2. 2..2

Des#g es#gn n & &era erall %e( %e((# (#-# -#en entt 4U 4U$5.............................. ............................................ ................................38 ..................38

2..3

Heat Balan-e............................................................................................39

2..)

Pressure Dr%" 46P5............................ ........................................... ............................. ............................. .......................... ........... 39

2..+

*%ul#ng (a-t%r 4'$5 ........................... .......................................... .............................. .........................................39 ..........................39

3.1

Pengum"ulan Data ...........................................................................................41 2

 Teknik  Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Nasional

Laporan Kerja Praktek

Laporan Kerja Praktek

DAFTAR ISI

BAB I............................ ........................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................9 .............9 PENDAHULUAN............................ .......................................... ............................. .............................. .................................................... ..................................... 9 1.1

Latar Belakang............................. ........................................... ............................. ............................. ......................................... ........................... 9

1.2

Tujuan........................... .......................................... .............................. ............................. ..................................................... ....................................... 15

1.3

Perumusan Ma Masalah............................ .......................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. .................. ....15 15

BAB II............................. ............................................ .............................. ............................. ............................. .................................................... ..................................... 16 TINJAUAN PUTA!A ............................ ........................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ........................... ............ 16 2.1

Per"#n$ahan Panas............................. ............................................ ............................. ............................. ............................. ...................16 .....16

2.1.1

!%n$uks#............................. ........................................... ............................. .............................. ........................................ ......................... 16

2.1.2

!%n&eks# ............................ .......................................... ............................. ........................................................ ......................................... 17

2.1.3

'a$#as#............................ ........................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ..............................18 ...............18

2.2

Alat Penukar Panas............................ ........................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ...................18 ....18

2.3

!las#(#kas# Alat Penukar Panas ............................ ........................................... ............................. ..............................20 ................20

2.)

Arah Al#ran *lu#$a Pa$a Alat Penukar Panas ............................. ........................................... .......................21 .........21

2.+

T#"e Heat E,-hanger ............................ .......................................... ............................. ..............................................23 ...............................23

2.

Pem#l#han *lu#$a ..........................................................................................30

2./ 2./

Perm Permas asal alah ahan an Pa$a Pa$a Heat Heat E,-h E,-han ange ger  r ............................. ............................................ ....................................32 .....................32

2.0

*%ul#ng............................. ............................................ .............................. ............................. ............................. .................................... ..................... 32

2.0. 2.0.1 1 2. 2.

ara ara Men Mengu gura rang ng## *%ul *%ul#n #ng g "a$a "a$a Hea Heatt E,-h E,-han ange ger  r ......................................35 ......................................35

Anal Anal#s #saa Per Per(% (%rm rman an-e -e Heat Heat E,-h E,-han ange ger  r ..............................................................38 ..............................................................38

2. 2..1

lea lean n & &eral eralll % %e((# e((#--#ent #ent 4U-5 4U-5............................ ........................................... .....................................38 ......................38

2. 2..2

Des#g es#gn n & &era erall %e( %e((# (#-# -#en entt 4U 4U$5.............................. ............................................ ................................38 ..................38

2..3

Heat Balan-e............................................................................................39

2..)

Pressure Dr%" 46P5............................ ........................................... ............................. ............................. .......................... ........... 39

2..+

*%ul#ng (a-t%r 4'$5 ........................... .......................................... .............................. .........................................39 ..........................39

3.1

Pengum"ulan Data ...........................................................................................41 2

 Teknik  Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Nasional

Laporan Kerja Praktek

Laporan Kerja Praktek 3.1.1

Pengum"ulan Data Pr#mer ............................ .......................................... ............................. ..............................41 ...............41

3.1.2

Pengum"ulan Da Data e ekun$er ............................. ............................................ ............................. ........................42 ..........42

3.2

Peng%lahan Da Data........................... .......................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ........................45 .........45

3.2. 3.2.3 3

Perh Perh#t #tun unga gan n Tem Tem"e "era ratu turr !al%r !al%r#k #k 4al 4al%r %r#e #e Tem Tem"e "era ratu ture re55 ...........................46

3.2.)

Perh#tungan Flow Area Area............................. ........................................... ............................. .................................. ................... 46

3.2.+

Perh#tungan Mass Velocity Velocity............................ .......................................... ............................. ..............................47 ...............47

3.2.

Perh# rh#tungan 'e 'e7n%l$ Num Num8er ..................................................................47 ..................................................................47

3.2. 3.2./ /

Perh Perh#t #tun unga gan n *akt *akt%r %r Per" Per"#n #n$a $aha han n Pan Panas as............................. ............................................ ........................48 .........48

3.2. 3.2. 

Mene Menent ntuk ukan an Tu8e u8e 9all 9all Tem"e em"era ratu ture re............................. ............................................ ............................48 .............48

3.2. 3.2.1: 1:

Menen Menentu tuka kan n h% h% k%r k%rek eks# s# $an $an h#% h#% k%re k%reks ks## ...................................................49

3.2. 3.2.1 11

Perh Perh#t #tun unga gan n lea lean n &er &eral alll %e( %e((# (#-# -#en entt .....................................................49

3.2.12 3.2.12

Perh#tunga Perh#tungan n D#rt7 D#rt7 &erall &erall %e((# %e((#-#ent -#ent ; Des#gn Des#gn &erall &erall Heat Heat Trans(e Trans(er%e( r%e((#-#e (#-#ent nt

3.2.13

D#rt *a-t%r............................ . .......................................... ............................. ............................. ....................................... ........................ 49

3.2.1)

E(#s#ens# .............................. ............................................ ............................. ............................. ............................. ........................... ............ 50

49

HAIL DAN PEMBAHAAN ............................ .......................................... ............................. ..............................................51 ...............................51 ).1

Has#l............................. ............................................ ............................. ............................. .............................. ........................................ ......................... 51

).2

Pem8ahasan............................ ........................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ..............................53 ...............53

4.2.1

Perbandingan LMTD.......................... LMTD........................................ ............................. ......................................... .......................... 53

+.1

!es#m"ulan............................ .......................................... ............................. .............................. .......................................... ........................... ...56

+.2

aran........................... .......................................... .............................. ............................. ....................................................... ......................................... 56

DA*TA' PUTA!A............................ .......................................... ............................. ............................. ............................. ................................ ................. 57 LAMPI'AN............................. ........................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ..............................58 ...............58 LAMPI'AN PE'HITUN¿ #  /hell side

 R"s= D"xs / # !eterangan  'es  'e7n%l$ num8er shell 'et  'e7n%l$ num8er tu8e De  D#ameter ek#&alen shell= (t D  D#ameter ek#&alen tu8e= (t R  >#sk%s#tas "a$a tem"eratur kal%r#k= *

45

 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Nasional

Laporan Kerja Praktek

.2:

er3i)un'an Fa")4r erpinda3an anas

etelah men$a"atkan 'e7n%l$ num8er= menentukan n#la# jH $ar# gra(#k   "a$a !ern (#g. 20 untuk shell $an (#g. 2) untuk tu8e. B#la 'e7n%l$ num8er %&er range= n#la#  jH $a"at $#h#tung menggunakan "ersamaan

 Dx  t  / $

¿ ¿  %& =0.36 ¿ !eterangan   jH  *akt%r "er"#n$ahan "anas .2<

K4e!isien erpinda3an anas  /hell side

Harga h% 

( )(

)

1

(  Cp x $ 3 h' = %& x  x  x 3s  D" ( 

"u+e side

Untuk harga h# $an h#%

( )(

)

1

 (  Cp x $ 3 hi = %& x  x  x 3 t   D (  hi' )t  .2$

=

hi

ID  × )t  *D #enen)u"an Tube all Tepera)ure

Tem"eratur

$#n$#ng

rata?rata

tu8e

$a"at

$#h#tung

$engan

tem"erature kal%r#k= j#ka $#ketahu# n#la# k%e(#s#en "er"#n$ahan "anas (lu#$a shell $an tu8e "a$a k%n$#s# %"eras# se$ang 8erlangsung.

Tw =tc +

hi' ( Tc −tc ) hi' + h'

!eterangan  46

 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Nasional

Laporan Kerja Praktek

t9  Tu8e 9all tem"erature=* .210 #enen)u"an 34 "4re"si dan 3i4 "4re"si  /hell side

h' =

 h 0

 × )t  )t 

"u+e side

hi'=

hi 0  × )t  )t 

.211 er3i)un'an ;lean =verall ;4e!!i8ien)

U- meru"akan %&erall heat trans(er -%e((#-#ent j#ka t#$ak terja$# (%ul#ng;kerak.

UC =

hi'×h' hi' + h' !eterangan  U-  lean %&erall -%e((#-#ent= Btu;(t2.*.hr

.212 er3i)un'an Dir)& =verall ;4e!!i8ien) / Desi'n =verall 6ea) Trans!er;4e!!i8ien)

UD meru"akan %&erall heat trans(er -%e((#-#ent j#ka terja$# (%ul#ng;kerak.

 A = NT x a + x L Maka 

UD =

Q  A × ∆ t 

!eterangan  U$  Des#gn %&erall heat trans(er -%e((#-#ent= Btu;(t2.*.hr .21. Dir) Fa8)4r

 Rd =

U c −U  D U c x U  D 47

 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Nasional

Laporan Kerja Praktek

J#ka '$ $#ketahu# "a$a $atasheet= maka 8#sa $#tentukan U$ $engan menggunakan  "ersamaan  1

U d

=

1

U d

+ Rd

.21 E!isiensi

 ,=

T 1−T 2 T 1−t 1

 x 100

48

 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Nasional

Laporan Kerja Praktek

BAB I> HAIL DAN PEMBAHAAN

(.1

Hasil 

Ber$asarkan $ata $esa#n $an "erh#tungan $ata aktual "er#%$e :1 G  3: e"tem8er 2:1/ $ar# Heat E,-hanger 12 ? E G 1:1A;B= $#$a"at n#la# '$ $an e(#s#ens# "anas. Tabel 1Da)a per3i)un'an 6ea) E783an'er 12 - E G 101A/B

Tanggal

'$

;1;2:1/ ;2;2:1/ ;3;2:1/ ;);2:1/ ;+;2:1/ ;;2:1/ ;/;2:1/ ;0;2:1/ ;;2:1/ ;1:;2:1/ ;11;2:1/ ;12;2:1/ ;13;2:1/ ;1);2:1/ ;1+;2:1/ ;1;2:1/ ;1/;2:1/ ;10;2:1/ ;1;2:1/ ;2:;2:1/

aktual :.::33) :.::1+21 :.::3++ ?:.::::2 :.::1)3 :.::3+0 :.::+2:1 :.:::) :.::):32 :.:::020 :.::11+: :.::2:) ?:.::13: :.:::30 :.::2/) :.:::1: :.::1:0 :.:::/)3 :.:::131 :.::1130

'$

Desa#n :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120

E(#s#ens#

Aktual

)0.2/ ).1312 ).::12 ).131) ).10+3 ).++/0 ).12 ).3)/ ).:03/ ).)2+ ).)1 )/.// ).:01 ).3)+3 ).3/3 ).31) ).1/+2 ).1/+2 ).1/+2 ).1/+2

E(#s#ens# )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ 49

 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Nasional

Laporan Kerja Praktek

;21;2:1/ ;22;2:1/ ;23;2:1/ ;2);2:1/ ;2+;2:1/ ;2;2:1/ ;2/;2:1/ ;20;2:1/ ;2;2:1/ ;3:;2:1/ 'ata?rata

(.!

:.::1)0 :.:::1/0 ?:.:::)2) :.::)/1 :.::)0/ :.::1//1 :.::3:) ?:.:::3 :.:::0 :.:::1/ :.::1/

:.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::120 :.::1

).1/+2 ).1/+2 ).1/+2 ).1/+2 ).1/+2 ).1/+2 ).1/+2 ).1/+2 ).1/+2 ).1/+2 )/.322

)/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+ )/.1+)+

Pem+ahasan

4.2.1 Perbandingan LMTD  N#la# '$ 4dirt factor 5 meru"akan n#la# 7ang $#gunakan untuk menunjukkan  8esar

ke-#ln7a

(akt%r

"eng%t%r

7ang

ter$a"at

$alam

heat 

e&changer .Parameter '$ #n# $#gunakan untuk mengetahu# "erlu t#$akn7a heat e&changer terse8ut $#8ers#hkan.A"a8#la '$ aktual S '$ $esa#n maka heat e&changer  "erlu $#8ers#hkan. Pr%(#l '$ 4dirt factor 5 "a$a heat  e&changer 12? E?1:1A;B $# AHU selama tanggal :1 G 3: e"tem8er 2:1/ a$alah se8aga# 8er#kut

50

 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Nasional

Laporan Kerja Praktek

Perbandingan LMTD 12-E-101-A/B

       )        C        0        (        T

120.0000 100.0000 80.0000 60.0000 40.0000 20.0000 0.0000    /    /    /    /    /    /    /    /    /    /    /    /    /    /    /    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    :    :    :    :    :    :    :    :    :    :    :    :    :    :    :    2    2    2    2    2    2    2    2    2    2    2    2    2    2    2    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    1    3    +    /        1    +    /        3    +    /        1    3    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    1    1    1    1    1    2    2    2    2    2    ;                        ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;    ;                                        

Tanggal d t Ll mtd a tu a l

d t LMTD d e ! a in

Untuk mengetahu# n#la# '$ maka $#"erlukann7a antara $ata $esa#n LMTD a-tual $an $ata LMTD $esa#n se8aga# 8er#kut  )44 Ananda A"bar radani Dias.  (aporan >husus %'aluasi

 >iner2a #eat %&changer 88%87; pada Crude Distillation Unit BCDU1. De"artemen Tekn#k !#m#a *akultas Tekn#k Un#&ers#tas D#"%neg%r%. 2:1. emarang. Della Aribi Ti)a. (aporan +ugas >husus $+. $%R+AM-/A B%R!%R,1 RU V- 

 A(,/)A/ . Jurusan Tekn#k !#m#a *akultas Tekn#k Un#&ers#tas D#"%neg%r%. 2:1. emarang.

LAMPI'AN LAMPI'AN PE'HITUN