Laporan Geokimia

 

HKRLZKE RZNYNETKYC O^ZZEKH NGYRHLZKYC MNLGC@CK

Dcsusue Lhnf ?

Crzk Kzzkfrk Rutrc Fkdc ;;;6236222222=

RZLMZK@ YT^DC TNGECG RNZTK@JKEMKE AKG^HTKY YKCEY DKE TNGELHLMC ^ECQNZYCTKY YSKZCA FCDKSKT^HHKF OKGKZTK :2:;

 

JKJ C Rnedkfuhuke ;.;. Hktkr Jnhkgkem Jnhkgkem

Yu`jnr dkyk khk` `n`pueykc `n`pueykc pnemnrtcke snjkmkc jnrcgut, ykctu sn`uk ykem kdk dc khk` (gngkykke khk`) dkpkt dc`keakktgke lhnf `keusck uetug `neiugup `nei ugupcc sn`uk sn`uk gnpnrhu gnpnrhuke ke fcdupey fcdupeyk. k. Cedlens Cedlensck ck `nrupkgk `nrupkgke e enmkrk enmkrk gnpuhkuke ykem gkyk kgke su`jnr dkyk khk`eyk, jkcg su`jnr dkyk khk` fkyktc ktkupue su`jnr dkyk khk` ele fkyktc. @uhkc dkrc tkekf, kcr, udkrk, scekrr `ktkfkrc scek `ktkfkrc,, tu`jufk tu`jufke, e, fnwke fnwke dke fksch fksch tk`jkem tk`jkem.. Gngkykk Gngkykke e khk` Cedlensck dkpkt dctn`ugke dc dkhk` pnrut ju`c, dc pnr`ugkke ju`c, dc udkrk `kupue dc hkut. Yu`jnr dkyk khk` ctu snedcrc tnrjkmc `neokdc duk gnhl`plg jnskr ykgec su`jnr dkyk khk` ykem jcsk dcpnrjkruc dke su`jnr  dkyk khk` ykem tcdkg jcsk dcpnrjkruc. Yurvnc mnlgc`ck rnmclekh `nrupkgke gnmcktke kwkh ykem dchkgskekgke dkhk` tkfkpke ngsphlrksc `cenrkh hlmk`. @ntldn mnlgc`ck ykem dcmuekgke ketkrk hkce kdkhkf pnemk`jchke pnriletl nedkpke suemkc kgtca jnrugurke -62 `nsf dke pnemk`jchke glesnetrkt duhkem uetug `nedkpktgke jutcrke `cenrkh `cen rkh `cenrkh `cenrkh jnrkt. jnrkt. Rnrile Rnriletl tl sndc`ne sndc`ne suemkc suemkc dckekhc dckekhcscs scs gc`ck gc`ck uetug uetug `nedkpk `ned kpktgke tgke gkedue gkeduemke mke uesur-u uesur-uesu esurr onokg onokg (trkin (trkin nhn`net) nhn`net) ykem tnrgkct tnrgkct dnemke injkgke `cenrkh. Rnemlhkfke dktk snikrk stktcstcg fksch kekhcscs gc`ck tnrsnjut kgke `n`jnrcgke echkc kel`khc mnlgc`ck suktu uesur pkdk

 

wchky wch kykf kf ikgup ikgupke ke khcrk khcrke e su suem emkc kc yk ykem em dcsnj dcsnjut ut snjkm snjkmkc kc dknrk dknrkf f kel`k kel`khc. hc. Dknrkf Dknr kf kel`khc kel`khc cec kgke kgke `neokdc `neokdc tkrmnt tkrmnt hlgksc hlgksc uetug uetug pneynhc pneynhcdcg dcgke ke hnjcf hnjcf hkeou hke out, t, jkcg jkcg su surv rvnc nc mnlg mnlgc`c c`ck k dkhk` dkhk` sg sgkhk khk hnjcf hnjcf rceic rceic `kupue `kupue dnem dnemke ke `ntldn-`ntldn survnc hkceeyk. Jnjnrkp Jnj nrkpk k kspng kspng ykem ykem pnrhu pnrhu dcpnrfk dcpnrfktcgk tcgke e uetug uetug `nrkeike `nrkeikem m ngphlrks ngphlrkscc ykem cemce dcmuekgke ykctu snjkmkc jnrcgut 7 ;.

Nang Nangtc tcac actk tks, s, `nem `nemne nekc kc sks skskr krke ke dne dnemk mke e `ntld `ntldk k dke dke strkt strktnm nmcc ykem ykem tnpkt.

:.

Nacs Nacscn cnes esc, c, jnrf jnrfuj ujue uemk mke e dnem dnemke ke jck jckyk yk dke dke wkg wkgtu tu yke ykem m sn`c sn`cec ec`k `khh `uemgce dke tnetueyk `nedkpktgke fksch ykem lptc`kh.

9.

^esu ^esurr ngle nglel` l`c, c, jck jckyk yk ngs ngsph phlr lrks kscc fkru fkrus s snsu snsukc kc dnem dnemke ke fks fksch ch ykem ykem dcfkrkpgke dnemke n`pnrfctuemgke akitlr rnscgl. Ngsphlr Ngs phlrksc ksc mnlgc`c mnlgc`ck k `n`puey `n`pueykc kc pnemnr pnemnrtcke tcke snjkmk snjkmkcc `ntldn `ntldn ykem ykem

dcmuekg dcmu ekgke ke uetug uetug `neikrc `neikrc nedkpke nedkpke `cenrkh `cenrkh dnemke dnemke dcdkskr dcdkskrgke gke pkdk pnemugurke pnemug urke snikrk scstn`ktcg pkdk sktu ktku hnjcf pkdk kspng gc`ckwc `ktnrckh-`ktnrckh dc khk` (Zlsn Nt KC , ;3=3). ;.:. @kgsud Tuouke Tuouke ;.:. ;.:.;. ;. @kgs @kgsud ud

 Kdkpue `kgsud `kgsud dkrc pn`juktke pn`juktke hkplrke hkplrke cec kmkr kmkr `kfkscswk `nemnekh `nemnekh tkfkpke snrtk pnrjndkke dkhk` gnmcktke ngsphlrksc. ;.:. ;.:.:. :. Tuou Tuouke ke

;.

@nem @nemnt ntkf kfuc uc pr prce cesc scp p dksk dkskrr dkrc dkrc prls prlspn pngs gscc ng ngsp sphl hlrk rksc sc mnlg mnlgc` c`ck ck

 

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@nemkt mktur dkr krcc pkrk rk` `nt ntn nr surv urvny mnlgc`c c`ck

9.

@nemntkfu tcpn dkrc survny mnlgc`ck

4.

@nemnt mntkfuc ccet etn nrp rprrntksc dkrc dkt ktk k mn mnlgc` lgc`ck ck

;.9. Okdwkh Rnhkgskekke & dcsgusc :.;. Rn`jkfkske & dcsgusc ourekh jnrouduh ‘Ngsphlrksc Mnlgc`ck uetug n`ks

dke kslscksc KY-I^-RJ-YE-_E-HC dc Mrkectlcd Rrltnrlzlcgu` ktks pkdk krnk ]kdc Zu``ke, Slrdkeeck Jkrkt Dkyk‘ ykctu pkdk fkrc Ynhksk, ;6 `nc :2:;. :.:. Rn`jkfkske & dcsgusc ourekh jnrouduh ‘ Ngsphlrksc Mnlgc`ck uetug N`ks dc

Turgc Jkrkt ‘ ykctu pkdk fkrc Ynhksk, ;6 `nc :2:;. :.9. Rn` Rn`jkfk jkfkske ske & dcsgusc dcsgusc ourekh ourekh jnroudu jnrouduhh ‘ Yurvnc Yurvnc Ytrnk` Ytrnk` Yndc`ne Yndc`nett (YY) (YY)

Mnlgc` Mnl gc`ck ck dkrc dkrc pr prlsp lspng ng mlukp mlukp-e -eglh glhl l Gk`n Gk`nrue rue Ynhkt Ynhktke ke ? C`phcg C`phcgks kscey ceyk k tnrfkdkp tnrf kdkp N`ks dke Ngsphlr Ngsphlrksc ksc Hlmk` Tkekf Tkekf Okrkem Okrkem ‘ ykctu ykctu pkdk pkdk fkrc Ynhksk, :> `nc :2:;. :.4. Rn Rn`jk `jkfk fksk ske e & dc dcsgu sgusc sc ourek ourekhh jnrou jnrouduh duh ‘ Yurvn Yurvncc Rney Rneynhc nhcdcg dcgke ke Yt Ytrnk rnk` `

Yndc`net dc Dknrkf Ycdkgke, Enmkrk Jkmcke Gurdcske Crkg ‘ ykctu pkdk fkrc Ynhksk, :> `nc :2:;. :.>. Rn`jkfkske & dcsgusc ourekh jnrouduh ‘ Ylch Mnlifn`cikh Rrlspnitcem alr 

Mlhd kt @krrkeils (Elrtfnre Rlrtumkh) ‘ ykctu pkdk fkrc Ynhksk, 6 Ouec :2:;. :.1. Rn`jkfkske & dcsgusc ourekh jnrouduh ‘ Rrlspngsc Mnlgc`ck Tkekf uetug

N`ks dc @krrkeils (Rlrtumkh ^tkrk) ‘ ykctu pkdk fkrc Ynhksk, 6 Ouec :2:;.

 

:.=. Rn Rn`jk `jkfk fksk ske e & dcsgu dcsgusc sc ourek ourekhh jnrou jnroudu duhh ‘ Yurvn Yurvncc Mnlhl Mnlhlmc mc Tc`ur Tc`ur Kh Khtky tky

@lemlhck ‘ ykctu pkdk fkrc Ynhksk, 6 Ouec :2:;.

JKJ CC Csc dke Dcsgusc :.;. Ngsphlrksc Ngsphlrksc Mnlgc`ck Mnlgc`ck uetug n`ks dke kslscksc KY-I^-RJ-YE-_EKY-I^-RJ-YE-_E-HC HC dc Mrkectl Mrke ctlcd cd Rrltnrl Rrltnrlzlc zlcgu` gu` ktks pkdk pkdk krnk ]kdc Zu``ke Zu``ke,, Slrdke Slrdkeeck eck Jkrkt Dkyk

Tnrdkpk Tnr dkpktt jnjnrkp jnjnrkpk k ngsphlr ngsphlrksc ksc mnlgc`c mnlgc`ck k ykem tnrdkpk tnrdkpktt dc dknrkf dknrkf ylrdkec ylr dkeck k ykctu ykctu pkdk pkdk tuouke tuouke dkrc dkrc pnenhct pnenhctcke cke ngsphlr ngsphlrksc ksc mnlgc`ck mnlgc`ck ykem ykem dc ylrdke ylr dkeck ck jkfwk jkfwk `c `cenr enrkh kh pkdk pkdk jktu jktuke ke ph phutl utlecg ecg ykem ykem `nhcpu `nhcputc tc dknr dknrkf kf pnenhctcke, dkhk` upkyk dkhk` `nemcdnetcacgkscgke dknrkf ykem tnrdkpkt kel`khy mnlgc`ck ykem dcdknrkf ylrdkeck snpnrtc Ku, Ks, Iu, Rj, Ye, @l, Jc, ], _e, dke Hc. Rkdk dknrkf ylrdkeck ykem dcjkmc `neokdc : jnrdkskrgke gl`phngs hctl hctlst strk rktc tcmr mrka kace ceyk yk ykem ykem hu huks ks,, ykct ykctu u kqkj kqkjk k dke dke ou oumk mk krkj krkjk. k. Gl`p Gl`phn hngs gs hctl hctlst strk rktc tcmr mrka kacc ce cecc tn tnrd rdcr crcc dkrc dkrc kdke kdkeyk yk hk hkpc pcsk ske e jktu jktuke ke jngu jngu dke dke ou oumk mk `ntk``lr `ntk ``lraa ykem gn`udck gn`udcke e dc dl`ceks dl`cekscc pn`jnet pn`jnetugk ugkeey eeyk k pkdk pkdk `kssk `kssk prltn prltnlz lzlcg lcgu`. u`. Rn`csk Rn`cske e dkrc dkrc : gl gl`p `phng hng ce cecc tnrdkp tnrdkpkt kt gntcd gntcdkg kg sn snhkr hkrks kske ke rnmclekh ykem dctkedkc dnemke pn`jnetugke glemhl`nrkt skrk`uo.

 

@ntld @nt ldn n pnem pnemk`j k`jchk chke e sk sk`pn `pnhh pkdk pkdk ourek ourekhh ce cecc dck`jc dck`jchh hc`k hc`k puhuf puhuf sk`pnh snrpcfke jktuke dkrc scemgkpke jktuke mrkect, pnm`ktct sndnrfkek, tkemmuh, urkt gukrsk dke zlek khtnrksc, dnemke gnpkdktke hc`k sk`pnh pnr  ; g`:. g`:. Hkhu Hkhu N`pkt N`pkt puhuf puhuf hc`k hc`k sk sk`p `pnh nh tnrgle tnrglesn snet etrks rkscc Fnkvy Fnkvy @cenrk @cenrkhh dcgu`puhgke dkrc khuvcu` dc strnk` sndc`net dc dkhk` dknrkf tkemgkpke kcr, dnemke gnpkdktke n`pkt sk`pnh pnr ; G`:.

Ynhkeouteyk tngecg kekhcscs ykem dchkgugke kdkhkf ^esur-uesur onokg dckekhcscs dnemke dngl`plscsc `nemmuekgke Ypngtrlsglpc N`csc Rhks`k Mkjuemk Mkju emke e Gledugt Gledugtca ca Cedugtc Cedugtcaa Clen (CIR-KN (CIR-KNY) Y) dc Hkjlrkt Hkjlrktlrcu lrcu` ` Ltlrctks Ltlrctks Yu`jnr Dkyk Khk`. Ynjkeykg ; m jujug (862 `nsf) sk`pnh dcik`pur  dnem dn emke ke 9 m ektr ektrcu cu` ` pnrl pnrlgs gscd cdk k (E (Ek: k:L: L:)) dc dctn tn`p `pkt ktgk gke e dkhk dkhk` ` wkdk wkdkf f zcrgl zcr glecu ecu`, `, dke dke dcmkj dcmkjue uemgk mgke e dnem dnemke ke `n`kek `n`keksg sgke keeyk eyk fcemmk fcemmk 4>2˟ 4>2˟I I snhk snhk`k `k 4> `nect, `nect, uetug uetug `nedk `nedkpkt pktgke gke scetnr scetnr.. Ynhke Ynhkeout outey eyk, k, =: `h kcr  dnclecsksc dctk`jkfgke gn dkhk`eyk dke dckdug uetug jnjnrkpk `nect7 gn`udcke :6 `h FIh neinr dnemke pnrjkedcemke ;? ; dctk`jkfgke uetug

 

`ned `n edkp kpkt ktgk gke e

hk hkru rutk tke e

jnec jnecem em

ykem ykem

dc dcmu muek ekgk gke e

uetu uetug g

`nen `nenet etug ugke ke

glesnetrksc nhn`ne onokg. Ktl`ci Kjslrptcle Ypnitrl`ntnr (KKY), @ldnh RnrgceNh`nr 9292 dcmuekgke uetug kekhcscs n`ks dc Hkjs Ltlrctks Yu`jnr  Dkyk Khk`. @ntldn kekhcscs tnrdcrc dkrc pnhkrutke Ku dkhk` sk`pnh dnemke pn`kekske dnemke hkrutke kquk rnmck (9 `h pngkt FIh + ; `h pngkt FEL9) dctk`jkf jnsc. N`ks (Ku) gn`udcke dcngstrkgsc dnemke hkrutke `ntch csljutch gntle (@CJG) dnemke `n`ksuggke aksk lrmkecg gn dkhk` tuemgu mrkact pcrlilktnd dke gn`udcke dckekhcscs n`kseyk `nemmuekgke Ypngtrl Ypn gtrl`ntn `ntnrr Ynrkpke Ynrkpke Ktl`. Ktl`. Glesnet Glesnetrks rkscc n`kseyk n`kseyk dceyktkg dceyktkgke ke dkhk` dkhk` jkmck jk mcke e pnr pnr `chckr `chckr (ppj). (ppj). Jktks Jktks dntn dntngsc gsc jkwk jkwkf f dkrc dkrc `ntld `ntldn n kekhc kekhcscs scs cec kdkhkf (;2 jkmcke pnr `chckr (ppj). Nxinh :22= dke Yuranr 6 dcmuekgke uetug `nhkgugke kekhcscs stktcstcg dktk. Fksch kekhcscs Zlig Yk`phcem `neueouggke jkfwk glesnetrksc rktkrktk dkrc nhn`ne nhn`ne onokg onokg dc gl`phngs gl`phngs Kqkjk dke Krkjk, Krkjk, ykem tnrdcrc tnrdcrc dkrc hkpcske cske

jktuke uke

jng jngu

dke

`ntk tk` `lra lra, snjkmck cke e

jns jnskr

dkrc

usck usck

Rrltnrlzlcgu` Rrltnrl zlcgu` kgfcr dcgntkfuc dcgntkfuc ;2 `m / tle uetug Ku, ;> pp` uetug Ks , :2 :2 pp` uetug Iu, ;> pp` uetug Rj, = pp` uetug Ye, > pp` uetug @l, 3 pp` uetug Jc, 1 pp` uetug ], > pp` uetug _e dke > pp` uetug Hc. Rkdk dknrkf survnc, Akgtkeyk, dkpkt dcmuekgke snjkmkc `ndcke. Fksch dkrc dktk uetug dknrkf studc cec dkpkt dcmuekgke snjkmkc phlt arngunesc gu`uhktca  stktcstcg.

 

Yndkemgke pkdk kekhcscs dktk mnlgc`ck Fnkvy @cenrkh dcpnrhkgugke uetug `nedkpktgke fksch stktcstcg dke pntk mnlgc`ck kel`khc mnlgc`ck.  K`jkem ; dke : uetug Ku 0 ::.>: & :;.3;, Ks 0 92.:2 & :6.:4, Rj 0 ;:;.64 & ;::.42, Ye 0 ;:2.14 & ;:9.42, Jc 0 4=.12 & 43.62, ] 0 =1.=2 & =9.22, 22, _e 0 999.46 & 992.4 .46 6, dke Hc 0 4=, 4=,:2 & 4>, 4>,:2, `ks `ksce cem m`ksc `k scem em . Glna Glnacs cscn cne e

glrn glrnhk hksc sc

Rnkrs nkrsle le

uetu uetug g

dktk dktk

Fnkv Fnkvy y

@c @cen enrrkh

`neueouggke rnedkf glrnhksc hcecnr plsctca ketkrk glesnetrksc Ku dnemke  Ks, _e, Hc, Hc, dke glrnhksc hcecnr enmktca Ku uetug Rj, Ye, Jc dke ]. Glrnhksc Glrnhksc plsctca sndkem ketkrk Rj dnemke _e dke Hc , Jc dnemke ] , ] dnemke Hc.

 

Tuou Tu ouke ke dkrc dkrc pnen pnenhc hctc tcke ke ce cecc kdkh kdkhkf kf uetu uetug g `nhk `nhkgu gugk gke e ng ngsp sphl hlrk rksc sc mnlgc`ck `cenrkh pkdk jktuke phutlecg ykem `nhcputc dknrkf pnenhctcke, dkhk` upkyk uetug `nemcdnetcacgksc dknrkf kel`khc mnlgc`ck uetug Ku,  Ks, Iu, Rj, Rj, Ye, @l, @l, Jc, ], _e _e dke Hc. Hc. @ntldn ykem dcmuekgke CIR-KNY dke KKY dkhk` `neikrc sk`phn jktuke dke oumk `cenrkh jnrkt Ou`hkf sk`phn ykem kdk dc jktuke jnrou`hkf 12 sk`pnh dke ou`khkf sk`phn ykem kdk dc `cenrkh jnrkt jnrou`hkf 4> sk`pnh Glnacsc Gln acscne ne glrnhks glrnhkscc Rnkrsle Rnkrsle uetug uetug dktk dktk F@ `neueoug `neueouggke gke rnedkf rnedkf glrnhkscc hcecnr plsctca ketkrk glesnetrksc glrnhks glesnetrksc Ku dnemke Ks, _e, Hc, dke glrnhksc

 

hcecnr enmktca Ku uetug Rj, Ye, Jc dke ]. Glrnhksc plsctca sndkem ketkrk Rj dnemke _e dke Hc , Jc dnemke ] , ] dnemke Hc Glrnhkscc hcecnr plsctca rnedkf Glrnhks rnedkf dc ketkrk glesnetrks glesnetrkscc Ku, _e, Ks, Ye, Iu,, Rj, Iu Rj, Ye, Ye, @l, @l, Hc dke dke Jc tn tnrk rk`k `ktc tc dnem dnemke ke on onhk hks, s, gl glrn rnhk hksc sc tn tnrs rsnj njut ut `neueoug `neu eouggke gke jkfwk jkfwk pnrujkf pnrujkfke ke `n`pnem `n`pnemkruf krufcc kslscks kslsckscc hlmk` hlmk` dc krnk krnk tnrsnjut dke jnjnrkpk hlmk`, snpnrtc Ks dke Jc, kdkhkf pneikrc okhke ykem jkcg uetug Ku. Glrn Gl rnhk hksc sc ut utk` k`k k uetu uetug g gl`p gl`ple lene ne Iu, Iu, Rj, Rj, _e, _e, Ye, @l dke dke ] `neu `n eueou eougg ggke ke jkfwk jkfwk fuju fujuem emke ke `nrngk `nrngk kdkhk kdkhkf f dnemk dnemke e vnek vnek su suhac hacdk dk.. Glrnhksc enmktca dck`ktc uetug Ku dnemke Rj, Ye, @l, Hc dke Jc7 Ynpnrtc Iu, Rj, _e dke Hc7 Iu dnemke @l, Jc dke ]7 Rj dnemke Ye, @l dke Jc7 @l dnemke Hc7 Hc dnemke ] dke Jc dnemke ].

:.:. Ngsphlrksc Mnlgc`ck uetug N`ks dc Turgc Jkrkt Jkrkt

Rkdk ourekh gn duk cec `n`jkfks tnetkem ngsphlrksc ngsphlrksc n`ks ykem kdk dc Turgc Turgc Jkrkt Jkrkt `nemmue `nemmuekgke kgke `ntldn JHNM JHNM ykem ykem dcmk`jk dcmk`jkrgke rgke kdkhkf kdkhkf gnjnrfkschke gnjnrfks chke ngsphlrksc `nemmuekgke strnk` sndc`net sndc`net ;62 `cgrl`ntnr  dke mnlgc`ck slch sk`phcem. k`ue, ocgk pltnesc n`ks dknrkf ykem iugup jnskr uetug `nemfkschgke nedkpke ugurke sndkem fcemmk jnskr, `kskhkf cec oumk kgke tnrktksc gkrnek pnrgn`jkemke sktnhhctn `cenrkhczktcle dke

 

fkhl mnlgc`c mnlgc`ck k jnrkslscks jnrkslsckscc dc sngctkr sngctkr

dnplsct dnplsct,, snpnrtc snpnrtc ykem tnrokdc tnrokdc pkdk

dnplsct n`ks Lvkicg, Turgc jkrkt.

@ntk @n tk`l `lra racs cs`n `n tn tnr` r`kh kh jnrg jnrgn` n`jk jkem em pkdk pkdk glet gletkg kg ketk ketkrk rk Mrke Mrkect ct Gky`kz dke snrpnetcectn snrpnetcectn ktku jktu gkpur `nedkskrc `nedkskrc `cenrkhcsksc Iu ’Rj ’  Ku, dke plracrc mrkeldclrctn/tlek mrkeldclrctn/tlekhct hct dke snrpnetcectn snrpnetcectn Turg`necstke. Turg`necstke. Tnpc jneuk utkrk ykem `nhnjcfc jktks (Rletcdns) dchkeoutgke dchkeoutgke dkrc Gkpur Ktks gn Nlsne Jkwkf. Dkhk` pnrcldn cec, mrkeldclrct plracrc onecs Turg`ne C dke mrkeldclrct Tlpgkyk, mrkect Gky`kz dke `lezlectn Ycvrcfcskr dctn`pktgke dc sndc`ne dkskr, `ntksndc`ne dke urutke laclhctcg.

 

Dkrc mk`jkr dcktks dcgntkfuc jkfwk Quhgkecs`n @clsne kwkh dkhk` dknrkf Gky`kz’gczchiklrne dcicrcgke lhnf trkifytci pyrlihkstcis, trkifytns ked pflelhctns, dc`kek vuhgkelghkstcg kednsctcg sk`pkc dksctcg dke khcrke hkvk `nrupkgke akscns dl`ceke dc gkwkske Ylmut. Ylmut Yj ’] ’Ku, Tu¨rg Tu ¨rg`ne `ne Rj-_ Rj-_e-I e-Iuu-Km Km-K -Ku u dke dke Gky`k Gky`kz z Ku - @cenrk @cenrkhcs hcsks kscc Km (Mjr. (Mjr. ;) tnrjn tnr jnetu etug g dc dkhk` dkhk` Gl`ph Gl`phngs ngs jusur jusur `km`ktc `km`ktcg g Kektl Kektlhck hck jkrkt jkrkt

ykem ykem

dcke dckemm mmkp kp sn snjk jkmk mkcc jkmc jkmcke ke dkrc dkrc sc scst stn` n` su sujd jdug ugsc sc Tntf Tntfys ys ykem ykem `crc `crcem em (`neueok`) gn utkrk. ]chkykf prlspng Turg`necstke dcdkskrc lhnf laclhct `nslzlcg tnr`ksug snrpnetcectns snrpnetcectns dke uhtrk`kacg, uhtrk`kacg, ykem dccetrusc lhnf gukrsk 1=-@k - anhdspkr - plracrc flrejhnedn. Rnemk`jchke sk`pnh pkdk gksus cec kdkhkf dnemke dnesctks sktu sk`pnh pnr ;2 g`:. JHNM strnk` sndc`net snugurke hn`puem fcemmk pkscr dcgu`puhgke dc snpkeokem sngctkr 92->2 ` dkrc suemkc dke dckykg dc

 

tn`pkt uetug `nemk`jch : gm arkgsc ;,: `` uetug dckekhcscs. Yk`pnh ykem jnskr cec dchkgugke uetug `n`cec`khgke eummnt naanit. Ynhkeouteyk arkgsc ;,: ;,: `` dc dcgc gcrc rc` ` gn hk hkjl jlrk rktl tlrc rcu` u` `ntk `ntkhu hurm rmcc @nmm @nmmne ne dc Onr` Onr`ke ke uetu uetug g pn`rl pn `rlsns snske ke `ntkh `ntkhurm urmcc dnem dnemke ke pnhce pnhcedck dcke e sckecd sckecdk k stktcs stktcs.. Yk`p Yk`pnh nh uetug uetug kekhcscs JHNM dchcedc dkhk` :; hkrutke sckecdk dkhk` rlhhnr jltlh, tu`jhnr, dnemke 2,;-2,9% sckecdk dke gkpur ktku ektrcu` fcdrlgscdk, dke dcmuhuem snhk`k ;: ok`.

Jnrcgut kdkhkf mk`jkr pntk hlgksc pnemk`jchke sk`pnh dkrc `ntldn JHNM dc krnk Ylmut-Nsgcsnfcr-Gky`kz. Dkrc kekhcscs sk`pnh dcfkschgke duk echkc tfrnsflhd tfrnsfl hd ykctu 4,9 ppj Ku (Tfrnsflhd (Tfrnsflhd ; 0 `ndcke + : YD) dke 4,3 ppj Ku (Tfrnsflhd : 0 `nke +: YD). Echkc jkigmrlued rktk-rktk ; ppj Ku. Kel`khc JHNM JHN M gn`udcke gn`udcke dctcedk dctcedkghke ghkeoutc outc dnemke dnemke `nemu`pu `nemu`puhgke hgke sk`pnh sk`pnh strnk` strnk` sndc sndc`n `net et ;62 ;62 u` ykem ykem dc dcke kekh khcs cscs cs dnem dnemke ke CIRCIR-NY NY uetu uetug g 9: nh nhn` n`ne ne

 

tnr` tnr`ks ksug ug Km. Km. Iu, Iu, Rj, Rj, _e, Ks, Yj. @l. @l. Id. Id. ]. Jc dke dke Y `nem `nemcg cgut utcc pneinrekke FEL, FICL.  Kgfcreyk,  Kgfcrey k, pnem pn emk` k`jc jchk hke e

`cenrkhcsksc `cenrkhcsksc sk`p sk`pnh nh

Turg`necstke, Turg`necstke,

st strn rnk` k`

sndc sndc`n `net et

ykem rnmc rnmcle lekh kh

tnrdntngsc tnrdntngsc ;62

snhk`k

`c `cgr grl` l`nt ntnr nr,,

snhk snhkeou eoute teyk yk dctce dctcedkg dkghk hkeou eoutc. tc. dnem dnemke ke pnem pnemk`j k`jchk chke e slch slch sk`phc sk`phcem em ;62 ;62 `cgrl`ntnr ykem dcgu`puhgke dkrc dknrkf J. Ylch sk`phn dcdngl`plscsc dke dckekhcscs lhnf hkjlrktlrcu` hkjlrktlrcu` YMY dc Rnrkeics uetug Ku dke 9: nhn`ne  onokg dnemke `ntldn ykem dcmuekgke uetug sk`pnh strnk` sndc`net ;62 ¾`. Rrnscsc uetug sn`uk onecs sk`pnh hnjcf jkcg dkrc ;2% pkdk tcemgkt gnpnrikykke gnpnri kykke 3>% dnemke `nemmuekgke `nemmuekgke `ntldn Tfl`psle Tfl`psle dke Flwkrtf (;3=6). Fksch dkrc kekhcscs tnrsnjut dctnrkemgke pkdk tkjhn jnrcgut,

 

Echkcc Echk

jkigmrl jkigmrlued ued onokg dkrc dkrc krnk krnk studc, studc, dck`jch dck`jch snjkmkc`ke snjkmkc`kek k echkc echkc

`ndcke `nd cke dke echkc rktk-rkt rktk-rktk k dkrc dkrc dcstrcj dcstrcjusc usc hlmelr`kh hlmelr`kh (Zlsn (Zlsn nt kh. kh.,, ;3=37 ;3=37 Vunqcu nt kh., ;333) dctueouggke pkdk Tkjnh ;-4), sndkemgke `ndcke dkrc dcstrc dcs trcju jusc sc hl hlmel melr`k r`khh

dco dcokd kdcgk cgke e

sn snjkm jkmkc kc jkigmr jkigmrlue lued( d(Hnv Hnvces cesle, le, ;3=4) ;3=4)..

Rn`cskfke ketkrk echkc kel`khy dke echkc jkigmrlued dcdnacecscgke dnemke `nemmuek `nem muekgke gke pnrhkguk pnrhkguke e stktcstc stktcstcg g ghkscg, ghkscg, dnemke dnemke tfrnsfl tfrnsflhd hd dcfctue dcfctuem m dkrc dkrc `ndcke dke `nke dctk`jkf : x Ytkedkr Dnvcksc. Rnemk`j Rne mk`jchke chke sk`pnh sk`pnh JHNM JHNM rnileek rnileekcssk csskein ein dchkgugk dchkgugke e dc Krnk Krnk YNYCQK YNYCQK `nemfkschgke echkc kel`khc `uhkc dkrc 2 fcemmk ;= ppj Ku dke L fcemmk >31

 

ppj Km. Echkc `kgsc`u` dkhk` Km skemkt jnskr, hnjcf dkrc ;9 dnvcksc stkedkr dkrc `nke. Rkdk krnk Ylmut, sk`pnh strnk` sndc`net ;62 `cgrl`ntnr `nemfkschgke pnemnekhke jnjnrkpk Ku sndkem fcemmk gukt Kel`khc Km dkhk` snmctcmk YlmutDudks-Ykvicjny. Tfrnsflhd dcfctuem dkrc `nke dke `ndcke dnemke pnrfctuemke `nke + : YD dke `ndcke + : YD. Fkeyk dnhkpke dkrc echkc Ku dke Km kshc ykem `kscem-`kscem `kscem-`k scem hnjcf jnskr dkrc ;26 ppj dke ;: pp`, ykgec pnrsnetch gn-3>. Fkh cec `neueouggke jkfwk dnhkpke echkc cec skok `nrupkgke cedcgksc gkdkr ykem skemkt kel`khc dnemke tcemgkt prljkjchctks ykem tcemmc.

 

Mk`jkr dcktks`neinr`cegke Mnlgc`ck strnk` sndc`net? Ku, Yj, Ks, Iu, Rj dke _e dc prlspng Turg`necstke. Kel`khc Rj, _e, Ks dke Yj (Mjr. >, Tkjnh 9) dnemke echkc pueikg ;:2 ppj Ku, ;1 pp` Km, 4;1 pp` Iu, ;>22 pp` Rj, ;:32 pp` _e, ;2>1 pp` Ks dke >1 pp`. Echkc `ndcke Ku, Iu, Rj, _e dke Ks skemkt rnedkf dcjkedcemgke dnemke rktk rktk-r -rkt ktk k gk gkrn rnek ek kdke kdkeyk yk il ilce ceic icdn dnet et yk ykem em tc tcem emmc mc dc dcjk jked edce cemg mgke ke Yj dk dke e Ku. Ku. Rnemk`jchke sk`pnh pltlemke jktuke tnrjktks dkrc urkt gukrsk dnemke suhacdk `celr `neueouggke `neueouggke echkc Ku dc sntnemkf dcstrcjusc. Yngctkr Yngctkr n`pkt echkc gurkem dkrc C Rpj gniukhc uetug sktu sk`pnh dnemke pcrct `nhc`pkf ykem `nemfks `nemfkschgke chgke 2,: pp`

 

 Ku. Cec `uemgce `neueouggke `neueouggke jkfwk Ku tnrhntkg dc dkhk` pcrct dkrcpkdk gukrsk. Cec `uemgce oumk `neueouggke jkfwk n`ks dckslsckscgke dnemke Ks, Rj dke _e, dke `neonhksgke `neonhks gke gurkemeyk echkc Ku kshc, Iu, Rj, _e dke Ks ykem `kscem-`kscem hnjcf jnskr dkrc 2,2>=, ;36, ;2=1, 6== dke ;1> pp`. ,uetug pnrsnetch gn-3>. Echkc-echkc cec `neueouggke gkeduemke hlmk` kel`khc dnemke dnrkokt ykem tcemmc.

:.9.. Yurvnc :.9 Yurvnc Ytrnk` Ytrnk` Yndc`n Yndc`net et (YY) (YY) Mnlgc` Mnlgc`ck ck dkrc dkrc prlspng prlspng mlukp-e mlukp-eglh glhl l Gk`nrue Ynhktke ? C`phcgksceyk tnrfkdkp N`ks dke Ngsphlrksc Hlmk` Tkekf Okrkem

Ourekh cec jnrcsc tnetkem gnmcktks ngsphlrksc mnlgc`ck ykem dchkgugke dchkgugke uetug `nednetc `ned netcacg acgksc ksc kdkeyk kdkeyk gn`uemg gn`uemgceke ceke glesne glesnetrks trkscc kel`khy kel`khy uesur uesur hlmk`, hlmk`, tnrutk`k n`ks pkdk prlspng Mlukp-Eglhhl (Gk`nrue Jkrkt Dkyk) dnemke tuouke `n`jnrcgke krkfke ykem jnrmuek uetug strktnmc ngsphlrksc `ksk dnpke dn pke.. Ykhk Ykhkf f sktu sktu `ntldn `ntldn ykem ykem pkhce pkhcem m jkey jkeykg kg dc dcmue muekg kgke ke dc dknr dknrkf kf pnedngktke mnlgc`ck kdkhkf pnemk`jchke sk`pnh YY. Rneikrcke n`ks dc Gk`nrue `nemmuekgke YY tnhkf `nedkpktgke sndcgct pnrfktcke. Dkhk` upkyk uetug `nen`ugke pltnesc n`ks jkru dc jkmcke snhktke enmkrk ctu , tc` `nrkeikem survnc YY ykem `nekrmntgke krnk Mlukp-Eglhhl.

 

@ntl @n tldn dn pnmk pnmk`j `jch chke ke sk sk`p `pnh nh YY dc dchk hkgu gugk gke e `nem `nemmu muek ekgk gke e pntk pntk tlplmrkac dnemke sgkhk ;? >.222. ^etug studc cec, tltkh ykem dck`jch 4> sk`pnh YY `nemmuekgke pcig, k pkeecem dcsf, skrcemke stkcehnss stnnh dke duhkem (ugurke skrcemke -62 `nsf). Ynhk Yn hk`k `k pr prls lsns ns pnem pnemk` k`jc jchk hke e

sk`p sk`pnh nh,,

su surv rvnc nc sc sctn tn jnrs jnrsk` k`kk kke e

jnrtuouk jnrt uouke e uetug uetug `n`jnrc `n`jnrcgke gke cealr`ks cealr`kscc spnscacg spnscacg ykem ykem jnrgkctk jnrgkctke e dnemke dnemke mnlhlmctctcg pnemk`jchke sk`pnh. Tltkh dck`jch 4> sk`pnh YY dc snhuruf krnk studc dke ;2 sk`pnh ykem `nemfkschgke n`ks tk`pkg dkhk` pke ileinetrktn dcpchcf uetug kekhcscs gc`ck. Fksch cevnstcmksc hkpkemke dcskocgke pkdk mk`jkr dcjkwkf cec. Rkdk pntk pnt k dcjkwkf dcjkwkf cec, :2 hlgksc hlgksc pnemk`j pnemk`jchke chke sk`pnh sk`pnh `neueoug `neueouggke gke jutcrke jutcrke n`ks n` ks ykem ykem tnrhcf tnrhcfkt kt dkhk` dkhk` pke pke il ilei einet netrkt rktn. n. Hlgks Hlgkscc ce cecc snjk snjkmck mcke e jnskr  jnskr  tnrhntkg dc jkmcke ^tkrk krnk studc dke sndcgct dc jkmcke snhktke. :> sk`pnh tcdkg `neueouggke n`ks ykem tnrhcfkt dc glesnetrkt. Hlgksc pnemk`jchke

 

sk`pnh dnemke pltnesc kdkeyk n`ks dkhk` pke ileinetrktn tnrhntkg dc fchcr gukrsk dnemke vnce gukrsk-tlur`khcen, dcdl`ceksc lhnf schcacgksc dke pnruj pn rujkf kfke ke fc fcdrl drltnr tnr`k `khh

snrcic snrcictcz tczkt ktcle cle..

Fksch Fksch ce cecc

`neue `neueoug ouggk gke e

jkfw jkfwk k

`cenrk `ce nrkhcs hcsks kscc n`ks n`ks dkhk` dkhk` pr prlsp lspng ng MlukpMlukp-Egl Eglhhl hhl dkpkt dkpkt dcfuj dcfujue uemgk mgke e dnemke vnce gukrsk-tlur`khcen.

Ynhkeou Ynh keouteyk teyk dkhk` survny survny cec dcfksch dcfkschgke gke : tkjnh, tkjnh, ykctu ykctu pkdk pkdk tkjhn tkjhn pnrtk`k jnrcscgke jnrcscgke kekhcscs kekhcscs stktcstcg nhn`ne utk`k jnrupk jnrupk uesur Ek, R, Ik, G, @m, An Kh, Tc dke @e dkrc ykem hn`kf fcemmk gukt ykem tnrokdc dkhk` YY. Yndkemgke Mk`jkr 4. `neonhksgke `neonhksgke Fcstlmrk` echkc rktk-rktk tnrfkdkp tnrfkdkp nhn`ne utk`k (wt%) ykem `neueougke An dke Kh kdkhkf nhn`ne utk`k rktk-rktk rktk-rkt k tnrjnskr dnemke echkc rktk-rktk `kscem-`kscem :,93% dke ;,=9%. Gnhc`pkfke jnsc (2,66-=,=4%) dke Khu`c`cu` (Kh) ykem jnrgcskr ketkrk 2,6:% fcemmk 9,>;% dkhk` khcrke YY. Gkeduemke tnrtcemmc An dkhk` YY dkpkt dcgkctgke dnemke pnhcedcfke alr`ksc jkednd crle ykem tnrdkpkt dc

 

puskt/j pus kt/jkmck kmcke e tnemkf tnemkf prlspng prlspng ykem ykem dctnhctc dctnhctc.. Jkfke Jkfke hkpug hkpug ykem dcpnrgk dcpnrgkyk yk dkhk` lgscdk jnsc dckemgut lhnf kcr gn krkf dkskr suemkc ykem tnrhntkg dc fchcrr sndkemg fchc sndkemgke ke Gnhc`pk Gnhc`pkfke fke Kh dkhk` dkhk` survny survny YY `neueoug `neueouggke gke kdkeyk kdkeyk `cenrkh khu`celschcgkt fkeiur/tnrhkpugke snpnrtc anhdspkrs dke `usilvctn. Gntnrdkpktke `cenrkh khu`celschckt dkhk` fksch survny YY `uemgce snjkmkc kgcjkt dkrc tnrhkruteyk jnjnrkpk `cenrkh ykem dcsnjkjgke lhnf prlsns kcr  ykem `nemkhcr dc jnjktuke sngctkreyk. Gnhc`pkfke uesur hkce snhkce An dke  Kh snjkmkc jnrcgut jnrcgut Ik (2,2;-2,96)%, (2,2;-2,96)%, G (2,29-2. (2,29-2. 63)%, @m (2,2;- 2,31)%, 2,31)%, Ek (82,22;-2,26%), R (2,2;:-2,262)% dke rktk-rktkeyk 2,23, 2,;=, 2,;6, 2,24 dke 2,24. dke 2,24. Tkjnh Tkjnh : `neyk `neykocg ocgke ke kekhc kekhcscs scs st stktc ktcst stcg cg nh nhn`n n`ne e onokg onokg dke dke ZNN ZNN jnrupk uesur uesur Ku, Il, Ir, Iu, Ec, _e, Rj, Tf, Tf, _r, In, Hk dkrc ykem hn hn`kf `kf fcemmk gukt ykem tnrokdc dkhk` YY. Fksch pnenhctcke `neueouggke jkfwk sndc`ne suemkc `n`chcgc glesnetrksc Ku, In dke Hk ykem tcemmc echkc rktkrktk 9;4.6> pp`, ;326; pp` dke ;;626 pp` `kscem-`kscem uetug n`ks, inrcu` dke hketkeu`. Inrcu` dke Hketfkeu` `n`chcgc glesnetrksc ykem skemk skemktt tcemm tcemmcc ocg ocgk k dcjke dcjkedc dcemg emgke ke dnem dnemke ke Nh Nhn`n n`ne e Tkekf Tkekf Okrkem Okrkem (ZNN) (ZNN) hkceeyk ykem dckekhcscs. Glesnetrksc cec `nwkgchc cedngs ykem `nekrcg uetug `cenrkhcsksc Ku dke HZNN. Glesnetrksc In `uemgce `neueouggke kdkeyk jnetug gfks ykem tcdkg jcksk dkrc `lekzctn, inrcu` dke hketfkeu` alsakt kdkhkf su`jnr gl`nrsckh utk`k inrcu`.

 

Gnskhkfke Gnskhk fke dkrc dcstrccjusc dcstrccjusc dktk dcktks kdkhkf echkc rktk-rktk ykem hnjcf gnichch dcjkedce gni dcjkedcemgk mgke e dnemke dnemke echkc echkc stkedkrd stkedkrd dnvcksc dnvcksceyk eyk.. Ytkedkr Ytkedkr dnvcks dnvckscc `nrupkgke inr`ceke dkrc rktk-rktk pneyc`pkemke dktk dkrc `nke. Ytkedkr  dnvcksc dkpkt `nemmk`jkrgke snjnrkpk jnskr vkrcksc dktk, dc`kek ocgk echk echkcc st stke kedk dkrr dnvc dnvcks kscc hn hnjc jcf f jnsk jnskrr dkrc dkrc ec echk hkcc `nke `nke jnrk jnrkrt rtcc ec echk hkcc `nke `nke `nrupkgke rnprnsnetksc ykem jurug dkrc gnsnhurufke dktk. Gntnrdkpktke dke cedcgktlr dkrc `cenrkhcsksc An, Il, @e, Tc, Ku, In, Hk, Rj dke Tf tnhkf dctn`ugke. Dke, n`ks `n`chcgc jnjnrkpk glesnetrksc `nekrcg ykem hkykg dchkgugke pneynhcdcgke ykem hnjcf rceic7 Rlhk dcstrcjusc uesur dke gl`plscsc gc`ck sk`pnh YY Mlukp-Eglhhl skemkt dcpnemkrufc lhnf mnlhlmc mnlhlmc hlgkh hlgkh dknrkf dknrkf tnrsnjut tnrsnjut dke mnlgc`ck mnlgc`ck YY ykem jnrkskh jnrkskh dkrc jnjkt jn jktuk uke e dc sn sngct gctkre kreyk yk77 dke dke Rngn Rngnrok rokke ke ngsphl ngsphlrk rksc sc `ksk `ksk dnpk dnpke e kg kgke ke

 

dcalgusgke pkdk jkmcke utkrk prlspng Mlukp-Eglhhl, dc `kek jnjnrkpk glesnetrksc kel`khc Ku ykem dck`ktc.

:.4.. Yurvnc :.4 Yurvnc Rneynh Rneynhcdc cdcgke gke Ytrnk` Ytrnk` Yndc`n Yndc`net et dc Dknrkf Dknrkf Ycdkgke Ycdkgke,, Enmkrk Enmkrk Jkmcke Gurdcske Crkg

Rkdk Rk dk ourek ourekhh gn gnn`p n`pkt kt ce cecc `n`jk `n`jkfk fks s tn tnetk etkem em gn gnmck mcktke tke ngsph ngsphlrk lrksc sc mlgc`ck dnemke Yurvny Ytrnk` Yndc`ne pkdk knk Ycdkgke, Tc`ur Hkut, Gurdcst Gur dcstke, ke, Crkg. Crkg. Skem Skem `n`chcgc `n`chcgc huks 4>2g`: dke dnemke dnemke `ktnrckh `ktnrckh ykem dl`ceke dl`ce ke jktuk jktuke e jngu jngu -jktu -jktuke ke sn sndc` dc`ne ne dke dke jktuk jktuke e `ntk`l `ntk`lra ra,, dc dcjk jkmc mc `neokdc `neo kdc ;4 suj-jksc suj-jksces es `nemmue `nemmuekgk kgke e Mhljkh Mhljkh @kppnr. @kppnr. Dknrkf Dknrkf tnrsnjut tnrsnjut `nrupkgk okrcemke gleahcg dke gntcdkgstkjchke nglel`c. Gn`udck Gn` udck sntnhkf sntnhkf dchkgug dchkgugke ke pnemu`p pnemu`puhke uhke sk`pnh, sk`pnh, `ktnrck `ktnrckhh dckykg dckykg `neok `n eokdc dc : ``, dch dchkg kgugk ugke e kekh kekhcsc cscs s VZA VZA dke dke VZD. VZD. -Dcmu -Dcmuek ekgke gke survn survny y mnlgc`ck `ntldn YY uetug `nemmkhc pltnesc gntnrdkpktke `cenrkh ykem hkykg dctk`jkem. ]chk ]c hkyk ykf f st stud udcc tn tnrh rhnt ntkg kg dc dkhk dkhk` ` zlek zlek C`jr C`jrci cikt ktn n Rh Rhkt ktal alr` r` Hukr  Hukr  Hn`pnem Krkj (Alukd, :2;:). Cec oumk `nrupkgke jkmcke dkrc Alhd-tfrust jnht _kmrls, ykem tnrokdc dc dkhk` inguemke _kmrls alrnhked (Khkvc, :2247 Alukd, :2;:7 Ycsskgcke, :2;9). Icrc tngtlecg utk`k dc wchkykf studc kdkhkf snskr ekcg utk`k _kmrls, ykem dcsnrtkc dnemke ketcghce dke snskr gnich hkceeyk.

 

Rnrsc`pkemke ikjkem utk`k ykem `nemkhcr gn fchcr dkrc krnk utk`k ykem dctcemmcgke dke pueikg dc snpkeokem khcrke utk`k dctkedkc snikrk `keukh dke dckemmkp snjkmkc tctcg pnemk`jchke sk`pnh (sntckp gketlem jnrcsc ; gm sndc`ne suemkc). Ynjke jkeykg

;4

sk`pn k`pnhh

strn rnk k`

snd sndc`net `net

dcg cgu u`pu `puhg hgk ke

dkrc

pnrsc`pk pnrs c`pkemk emke e suemkc suemkc utk`k, utk`k, `nwkgchc `nwkgchc ;4 suj-ing suj-inguem uemke ke tntkpc tntkpc gkrnek gkrnek `kskhkf gnk`keke, gk`c tcdkg dkpkt `neokemgku `nhnjcfc hlgksc > dke

 

;2. -Ytrnk` sk`pnh dcskrcem fcemmk : sk`pkc 4 `` dnemke `nemmuekgke `ntldn pneykrcemke jkskf (@lle dke ]fktnhny, :221). Ynhkeouteyk sn`uk sk`pnh ykem dcgu`puhgke `neokdc jkfke uetug kekh ke khcs cscs cs VZA VZA dke dke VZD. VZD. -K -Kek ekhc hcsc scs s dc dcmu muek ekgk gke e uetu uetug g `n`j `n`juk uktt pnt ntk k glesn glesnet etrks rkscc (`m/g (`m/gm) m) uetug uetug sn sntck tckp p nhn`n nhn`ne e yk ykem em tn tnrdn rdntng tngsc sc dke dke uetug uetug `n`jukt pntk nhn`ne ykem `nwkgchc glesnetrksc dkhk` sk`pnh ugurke skrcemke : sk`pkc 4 ``. -Yk`pnh ykem dckykg dcgnrcemgke dkhk` lvne pkdk pk dk su sufu fu 1>²I 1>²I sn snhk` hk`k k 46 ok` dc dccgu cgutc tc dnem dnemke ke pnemm pnemmchc chcem emke ke sk sk`pn `pnhh `neokdc jujug ykem fl`lmne (@lle dke ]fktnhny, :221).

Rkdk pntk tnrsnjut tnrdkpkt gnokemmkhke ykctu jkfwkskeeyk khcrke suemkc jnrkdk dcktks mueuem / pueikg mueuem, fkh cec dcsnjkjgke pntk tnrsnjut tcdkg `nemfkdkp gn utkrk, `nhkcegke `nemfkdkp gn snhktke.

 

Akgtlr glrnhksc ykem dcskocgke pkdk Tkjnh : `neueouggke fujuemke ketkrk glesnetrksc nhn`ne dc dkhk` pn`chcfke uesur onokg jcsk dcdkskrgke pkdk pk dk echkc echkc ’ ech echkc kc gl glrn rnhks hkscc ketk ketkrr uesur uesur tnrfkd tnrfkdkp kp uesur uesur tk tkrmn rmnt, t, dc dc`ke `kek k sn`k sn`kgce gce `nedng `nedngktc ktc ech echkc kc -; kt ktku kupue pue ; `nrup `nrupkg kgke ke ec echkc hkc gl glrn rnhks hkscc ykem ykem sn`kgce jkcg. Rkdk tkjhn ; dcgntkfuc jkfwk glesnetrksc rktk-rktk Grl`cu` 333 `m/gm jnrgcskr ketkrk 4:1-:242 `m/gm. Glesnetrksc Ir dcdknrkf pnenhctcke

 

3,4: gkhc hnjcf tcemmc dcjkedcemgke glesnetrksc Ir ykem kdk dc gnrkg ju`c. Glesnetrksc rktk-rktk Ec kdkhkf sngctkr 9=> `m/gm dke jnrgcskr ketkrk :91329 `m/gm, gniukhc pkdk sk`pnh khcrke sndc`ne lrdn pnrtk`k. -Glesnetrksc rktk-rktk Il kdkhkf sngctkr :62 `m/gm. Glesnetrksc Il hnjcf tcemmc dc sujinguemke Fksske Jkmrnhktnd (El. ;; dke ;9) gkrnek jktuke ykem tnrjugk dc Fksske Jkm `nemkeduem jktuke jkskh khgkhc-gkpur (Khc nt kh., :2;:). Glesn Gl esnetr etrksc ksc uesu uesurr Iu jnrgcs jnrgcskr kr dkrc dkrc tcdkg tcdkg tn tnrdn rdntn tngsc gsc fcemm fcemmk k ::; ::; `m/gm. Glesnetrksc Glesnetrksc tnrtcemmc dcugur dkhk` sk`pnh el`lr > dke ;9 ykctu :2; `m/gm dke ::; `m/gm. Glesn Gl esnetr etrksc ksc rktk-r rktk-rktk ktk ^ ;: `m/g `m/gm m dke dke jnrgcs jnrgcskr kr dkrc dkrc >-:9 >-:9 `m/gm `m/gm.. -Glesnetrksc Km jnrgcskr dkrc tcdkg tnrdntngsc sk`pkc 3 `m/gm dnemke rktkrktk 1 `m/gm dc`kek ;:2 gkhc hnjcf tcemmc dkrc glesnetrksc Km rktk-rktk dc gnrkg ju`c. Glesnetrksc uesur Q jnrgcskr dkrc tcdkg tnrdntngsc fcemmk 914 `m/gm. Glesnetrksc Glesnetrksc uesur Id jnrgcskr dkrc tcdkg tnrdntngsc fcemmk := `m/gm dnemke rktk-rktk ;1 `m/gm. Dchkgug Dchk gugke ke pnrjke pnrjkedcem dcemke ke glesnet glesnetrks rkscc rktk-rkt rktk-rktk k dkrc dkrc 3 nhn`ne nhn`ne ykem ykem dctueouggke dc ;4 sk`pnh ykem dcgu`puhgke dnemke glesnetrksc rktk-rktk nhn`ne dc gnrkg ju`c, snpnrtc ykem dctnetugke lhnf Fu dke Mkl. (:226) dke Tkyhlr dke @iHneeke (;33>). Tnhkf dctn`ugke jkfwk tnrdkpkt jnjnrkpk glesnetrksc ykem tcdkg wkokr ocgk dcjkedcemgke dnemke glesnetrksc uesuruesur ues ur dc gn gnrk rkg g dke dke jktu jktuke ke jksk jkskhtc htci. i. Ynhkc Ynhkce e ctu, ctu, dctn`u dctn`ugk gke e ou oumk mk jkfwk jkfwk glesnet gles netrksc rksc rktk-rkt rktk-rktk k uetug uetug sntckp sntckp nhn`ne nhn`ne ykem dcsnjutg dcsnjutgke ke hnjcf hnjcf tcemmc tcemmc

 

dkrcpkdk ykem kdk dc gnrkg ju`c (Fu dke Mkl, :2267 Tkyhlr dke @iHneeke, ;33>). Fksch ykem dcpnrlhnf dkrc kekhcscs VZA dke VZD dkrc sk`pnh ykem dcgu`puhgke, `neueouggke glesnetrksc tcemmc dke kel`khy. ;4 Yk`pnh YY `neokdc sujonit VZA, hnjcf hkeout 9 hkmc `neokdc sujong VZD. -Dkrc fksch VZA, tnrdkpkt kel`khy Ec Q _e Iu, gn`uemgceke dkrc jktuke jngu. -Iu `n`chcgc gkdkr rnedkf, Rj tcdkg tnrdntngsc. -Tcdkg kdkeyk glesnetrksc uesur  dnemke pltnesc nglel`c.   :. :.>.Ylch >.Ylch Mnli Mnlifn fn`c `cikh ikh Rrls Rrlspn pnitc itcem em alr Mlhd Mlhd kt @krrk @krrkei eils ls (E (Elrt lrtfn fnre re Rlrtumkh)

Dc plrtumkh, arkgsc 8 62 `nsf jckskeyk dcmuekgke dkhk` pneikrcke n`ks snikrk mnlgc`ck. studc dcstrcjusc n`ks dkhk` arkgsc ugurke tkekf jnhu` dchkgugke dc plrtumkh. ek`ue dn`cgcke, survnc lrcnetksc ykem jkrujkru cec dchkgugke dc dknrkf `krrkeils tnhkf `neueouggke jkfwk arkgsc 8 :22 `nsf pkhcem ililg uetug pneikrcke n`ks snikrk mnlgc`ck. Rnenhctcke cec oumk oumk `nemcd `nemcdnet netcac cacgk gksc sc nhn`ne nhn`ne pktfac pktfaced ednr nr uetug uetug n`ks n`ks dke dke prlsn prlsndu dur  r  kekhctcs ykem pkhcem snsukc. (Zncs. Nt kh. ;339 / ;334).

 

Mk`jkr Mk`j kr tnrsnjut tnrsnjut `nemmk`j `nemmk`jkrgk krgke e dknrkf dknrkf pnenhct pnenhctcke cke @krrkei @krrkeils, ls, dc`kek tnrdkpkt `ktnrckh Khhuvcu`, Flreanhs, Yngcs, dke Mrkect. Mkrcs fctk` ykem `nemkrkf gn EN-Y] kdkhkf `cenrkhcsksc dc @krrkeils, tnrokdc pkdk jrng jrngsc sc su sujj-vn vnrt rtcg cgkh kh Fnri Fnriye yeck cke e kg kgfc fcrr dkhk dkhk` ` `ntk `ntksn sndc dc`n `ne e Yc Ychu hurr yk ykem em jnrdngktke dnemke mrkectlcd Fknriyecke (Mjr.;). Jrngsc gukrsk tnrhntkg dc zlek flreanhs ykem jnrgn`jkem pkdk gletkg sngcs/mrkectlcd. Yndkemgke Yndkemg ke pnrsnmc pkeokem dkhk` mk`jkr tnrsnjut kdkhkf krnk slch sk`phcem, ktku krnk ykem kgke dchkgugke pnemk`jchke sk`pnh. Dkhk` Dkhk ` `cenrkhc `cenrkhcsks skscc @krrkeil @krrkeils s (94,6 (94,6 m/tle m/tle echkc echkc `kgsc`u` `kgsc`u` uetug uetug n`ks), n`ks snjkmcke jnskr tnrokdc dkhk` jnetug nhngtru` ykem dccekemc lhnf `cenrkh suhacdk snpnrtc krsnelpcrct dke pcrct snjkmkc ceghusc gnich ktku tnrsnjkr dkhk` gcsc grcstkheyk (Zncs, ;33=). Gu`puhke An + Ks + Jc + Ku + Yj + Yn + Tn + Rj + Km `nednacecscgke mnlgc`ck prc`nr tkedk tkemke `cenrkhcsksc @krrkeils, ykem

 

`n`chcgc glrnsplednesc dkhk` gu`puhke `cenrkhlmc krsnelpcrct + pcrct + jcs`ut jcs `utfce fcectn ctn + n`ks/ n`ks/nhn nhngt gtru` ru` + (m (mkhn khnek ek)) dnemk dnemke e gkhgl gkhglpcr pcrct ct `celr `celr dke dke sakhnrct (Elrlefk dke Zk`ls, ;3397 Zncs, ;33=).  Kekhcscs `cirlprljn `cirlprljn dkrc prldug pnhkpugke pnhkpugke cec tnhkf `neueouggke `neueouggke jkfwk silrldctn, An-lxcdns dke pyrrfltctn `n`chcgc gkeduemke n`ks ykem scmecacgke dkhk` strugtureyk (Zncs nt kh., ;33=). @ntldn @ntl dn pnemk`j pnemk`jchke chke sk`pnhey sk`pnheyk k ykctu ykctu sk`pnh sk`pnh tkekf tkekf dcgu`pu dcgu`puhgke hgke dkhk` Mrcd Rnrsnmc Rkeokem pkdk okrkg ykem sk`k (42 ` ) dc snpkeokem mkrcs mk rcs ykem ykem jnrok jnrokrkg rkg >2 `. MkrcsMkrcs-mk mkrcs rcsey eyk k tnmkg tnmkg hurus hurus tnrfk tnrfkdk dkp p Jr Jrngs ngscc gukrsk jnrkrkf EN » Y] (Mjr. ;). Yk`pnh ykem dck`jch pkdk gndkhk`ke ;2»92 i`, dcgnrcemgke pkdk sufu >2²I snhk`k :4 ok`. arkgsc 8:22 `nsf ykem dcpnrlhnf dkrc pnemkykgke gnrcem dck`jch uetug dckekhcscs gc`ck. Ynhkeouteyk snjkeykg :61 sk`pnh tkekf dckekhcsk gkeduemke An, Iu, _e, Rj, Il, Ec, @e, Km dke Jc dnemke Ktl`ci Kjslrptcle Ypnitrl`ntry (KKY). Kquk rnmck dcrnkgscgke uetug `nhkrutgke Km dke Jc (]krd nt kh., ;313) sn`netkrk FIh FEL 9 FA dcmuekgke uetug scsk nhn`ne ykem hkce (Hnil`tn dke Yledkm, ;362). ntldn kekhcscs ykem dcmuekgke uetug n`ks `n`jutufgke ;2 mrk` sk`p sk `pnh nh

tk tkek ekf. f.

Ik`p Ik`pur urke ke FIh/ FIh/FE FEL L

9

`nhk `nhkru rutg tgke ke n`ks n`ks,,

dnem dnemk ke

pnek` pn ek`jk jkfke fke F : L : ue uetu tug g `n`jn `n`jnjk jksg sgke ke n`ks n`ks yk ykem em `nhng `nhngkt kt pkdk pkdk jkfke lrmkecg. Hlmk` gn`udcke dcngstrkgsc dkrc hkrutke dnemke jkfke lrmkecg pnhkrut, `ntfyh-csljutyhgntlen (@CJG), dke aksn lrmkecg dckekhcscs

 

dnemke Ceduitcvnhy Iluphnd Rhks`k- Ktl`ci N`csscle Ypnitrlsilpy (CIR KNY) (Zncs (Zncs nt kh., kh., ;339/34). ;339/34). Rrnscsc kekhctcs uetug n`ks hnjcf rnedkf dkrcpkdk uetug nhn`ne hkce, `uemg `u emgce ce gkrnek gkrnek dcstrc dcstrcjus juscc n`ks n`ks yk ykem em fntnrl fntnrlmn mne e dkhk` dkhk` sk`p sk`pnh nh tkekf tkekf (eummnt naanit) dkhk` gl`jceksc dnemke snou`hkf gnich hlmk` dc dkhk` ngstrkgsc @CJG.

Tkjnh cec jnrcsc jnjnrkpk rcemgkske stktcstci ;4 vkrckjnh. Jnjnrkpk echkc `kgsc`u` skemkt jnskr, hnjcf dkrc sn`jchke ktku snpuhuf stkedkr dnvcksc dkrc rktk-rktk (Ks, Iu, Yn, Km, Jc dke An). Echkc-echkc snpnrtc ctu, jntkpkpue ngstrc`e ngst rc`eyk, yk, tcdkg tcdkg jlhnf jlhnf dcjukem dcjukem gkrnek gkrnek jnjnrkp jnjnrkpk k kel`khc kel`khc ykem ykem pkhcem pkhcem `nekrcg (Ks, Yn, Km dke Jc) `uemgce kgke dcjukem jnrsk`k `nrngk.

 

Mk`jkr : `neykocgke fcstlmrk` dke phlt prljkjchctks prljkjchctks Ku, Ks dke Jc, nhn`ne tnrpnetcem dkhk` `cenrkhcsksc @krrkeils, ykem `nwkgchc tcmk onecs dcst dcstrc rcju jusc sc dktk dktk yk ykem em jnrj jnrjnd ndk. k. Rnen Rnenet etuk uke e gkdk gkdkrr dkrc dkrc Ks, Ks, Jc dke dke Ku jnrjkedcem tnrjkhcg dnemke ou`hkf gntnrdkpktkeeyk dcwchkykf @krrkeils. Yu`ju V `neueouggke gkdkr pp`, dke Yu`ju S `neueouggke ou`hkf gntnrdk gntn rdkpktk pktkeeyk eeyk.. Kpkjchk Kpkjchk gkdkr gkdkr pp` tce tcemmc mmc `kgk gntnrdk gntnrdkpktk pktke e `cenrkh `cenrkh tnrsnjut sndcgct.

 

Tkjnh : cec `neykocgke pkrk`ntnr stktcstci ykem dctnetugke dkrc phlt prljkjchctks prljkjc hctks Ku, Ks, Jc, Yj, Tn dke Yn. dkpkt dchcfkt jkfwk sn`kgce jnskr  prnsnetch `kgk fkscheyk sn`kgce jnskr. ^etug pntk gletur `ntldn mrcddcem ykem dcpchcf kdkhkf trckemuhksc dnemke dne mke cetnrpl cetnrplhksc hksc hce hcecnr. cnr. @ntldn @ntldn cec dcpchcf dcpchcf gkrnek gkrnek jngnrok jngnrok pkhcem pkhcem jkcg gntcgk tctcg-tctcg dktk dcdcstrcjuscgke snikrk `nrktk dc ktks krnk mrcd dke skemkt nangtca dkhk` `n`pnrtkfkegke mkrcs putus-putus. Mk`jkr. 9 `neykocgke Fkhl uetug n`ks dke pktfacednrs dkhk` tkekf dc ktks ktks `cenrkhc `cenrkhcsksc sksc @krrkei @krrkeils. ls. Fkhl cec `neueoug `neueouggke gke jkfwk jkfwk kel`khc kel`khc mnlgc`ck jnrdkskrgke gletur pnrsnetch 3=,>% (j + :s) (Hnpnhtcnr, ;313) sn`pct dke tnrjktks pkdk hlgksc jrngsc gukrsk tnr`cenrkhcsksc. Kgcjkteyk, pktfa pk tface cednr dnr `neic `neicrcg rcgke ke gn gnek ek`pk `pkgk gke e (supn (supnrac racsck sckh) h) gf gfks ks yk ykem em gurke gurkem m scmecacgke dkhk` cetnrprntksc ykem dcfkschgke lhnf dnplsct `cenrkh. ^etug `necemgktgke tkedk mnlgc`ck n`ks dke pktfacednrseyk, hnvnh glet gletur ur ykem ykem snsu snsukc kc dnem dnemke ke 64% 64% pnrs pnrsne netc tchh j + s dkrc dkrc plpu plpuhk hksc sc dktk dktk hlmelr`kh dctk`jkfgke gn pntk gletur (Mjr. 4). @n`j @n `jke ked dce cemg mgke ke Mk`j Mk`jkr kr.. 9 dke dke 4

gk`c k`c

`nem `nemk` k`kt ktcc

jkfw jkfwk k

pnem pn emmu muek ekke ke k`jk k`jkem em jktks jktks jkru jkru cec pkdk pkdk pn`nt pn`ntkk kke e cslgl cslglesn esnetr etrks kscc `neynjkjgke gnek`pkgke ykem hnjcf jkcg dkrc fkhl n`ks, krsnecg dke jcs` jcs`ut ut,,

sn`n sn`net etkr krk k

ketc ketc`l `le, e, tn tnhu hurc rcu` u` dke dke

`nednacecscgke dnemke onhks kel`khc n`ks.

snhn snhnec ecu` u` `ksc `kscf f

jnhu jnhu` `

 

Fkhl `uhtcnhn `uhtcnhn`ne `ne (fkhl (fkhl kdctca) kdctca) dcdnacec dcdnacecscgk scgke e dnemke dnemke pnek`jk pnek`jkfke fke sndnrfkek dkrc glesnetrksc nhn`ne pktfacednr ykem dcelr`khcsksc tnrfkdkp echkc hktkr jnhkgkemeyk. @neu @n euru rutt Jnus Jnus dke dke Mrcm Mrcmlr lrck cke e (;3= (;3==) =),, pnrh pnrhu u uetu uetug g `nen `nenet etug ugke ke k`jkem jktks plpuhksc dktk jkru, ykem tnhkf dcpnrgcrkgke pkdk pnrsnetch 64% dkrc dkrc phlt prljkjch prljkjchctks ctkseyk, eyk, ykctu ykctu `nemmuek `nemmuekgke gke grctnrc grctnrck k ykem ykem sk`k dnemke dne mke plpuhks plpuhkscc `lelnhn `lelnhn`ne. `ne. Tkjnh Tkjnh 9 `neykocg `neykocgke ke pkrk`nt pkrk`ntnr nr stktcstc stktcstcg g ykem dctnetugke dkrc phlt prljkjchctks Ks + Jc, Yj + Yn + Tn dke Ks + Jc + Yj + Yn + Tn.

 

Mjr. Mj r. 9. Hc Hcem emgk gkrk rke e mnlg mnlgc` c`ck ck uet etug ug nh nhn` n`ne ne n`ks `ks dke dke pkt ktfa face cedn dnr, r, `nem `n emmue muekg kgke ke pnrsn pnrsnetc etchh 3=,>% 3=,>% (j + :s) sn snjk jkmk mkcc k`jke k`jkem m jktks jktks.. Echkc Echkc k`jk k` jkem em jktk jktks s ykem ykem dc dcmu muek ekgk gke e snjk snjkmk mkcc pn`j pn`jnh nhlg lgke ke uetu uetug g gu gurv rvk k iletlurcem kdkhkf snjnskr >>2 ppj uetug Ku, 4622 pp` uetug Ks, :: pp` uetug Jc, 4=2 ppj uetug Yj, ;4> ppj uetug Tn dke ;;2 ppj uetug Yn.

 

Mjr. Mj r. 4. Hc Hcem emgk gkrk rke e mnlg mnlgc` c`ck ck uet etug ug nh nhn` n`ne ne n`ks `ks dke dke pkt ktfa face cedn dnr, r, `nemmuekgke pnrsnetch 64% (j + s) snjkmkc k`jkem jktks. Echkc k`jkem jktks ykem dcmuekgke snjkmkc kiuke uetug gurvk gletur kdkhkf ;=> ppj

 

uetug Ku, ;3>2 pp` uetug Ks, 4 pp` uetug Jc, ;>6 ppj uetug Yj, => ppj uetug Tn dke 9: ppj uetug Yn.

Mjr. >. Fkhl mnlgc`ck uetug n`ks dke fkhl kdctca uetug nhn`ne pktfacednr. pktfacednr. Echkc k`jkem jktks ykem dcmuekgke snjkmkc gnjnrkemgktke uetug gurvk gletur kdkhkf ;=> ppj uetug Ku, = uetug Ks + Jc, 3 uetug Yj + Yn + Tn dke :> uetug Ks + Jc + Yj + Yn + Tn (gkrnek elr`khcsksc dktk, echkc hcemgkrke ikfkyk kdctca tcdkg `n`chcgc dc`nesc).

 

Mk`jkr > dke Tkjnh 4 `neueouggke jkfwk fkhl kdctca hnjcf hnjkr  dke dk e `n`chc `n`chcgc gc pkeok pkeokem em yk ykem em `crcp `crcp dnem dnemke ke fkhl fkhl kel`k kel`khchc n`ks, n`ks, dnem dnemke ke pnemniukhcke Ks + Jc. Kslscksc Ks dke Jc onhks `necemgktgke ugurke tkedk mnlgc`ck. Ynhkeouteyk, nhn`ne pktfacednr snpnrtc Yj, Yn dke Tn ykem tcdkg nangtca dkhk` `nemurkcgke kel`khc n`ks nangtca jchk dcmkjuemgke. Tnge Tn gecg cg fkhls fkhls `uhtc `uhtcnhn nhn`ne `ne (Tfn (Tfn `uhtcn `uhtcnhn` hn`net net fkhls fkhls tnifec tnifecqu qun) n) `nemujkf nhn`ne pktfacednr ykem tcdkg nangtca snpnrtc Yj, Yn dke Tn `neokdc `ne okdc pktfaced pktfacednr nr gl`plsct gl`plsct ykem ykem nangtca nangtca dkrc `cenrkhcs `cenrkhcsksc ksc @krrkeil @krrkeils. s. Tnge Tn gecg cg pn`nt pn`ntkk kke e mnlg mnlgc`c c`ck k cec tk`pkg tk`pkgey eyk k hnjcf hnjcf na nacsc cscne ne pkdk pkdk kel` kel`khc khc mnlgc`ck ykem hn`kf.

:.1. Rrlspngsc Mnlgc`ck Tkekf uetug N`ks dc @krrkeils (Rlrtumkh ^tkrk) :.=. Yurvnc Mnlhlmc Tc`ur Khtky @lemlhck

JKJ CCC Gnsc`puhke

 

DKATKZ R^YTKGK