LAPORAN Elektronika Terintegrasi Wirda1

 

CI^GTIK ^TIEPHEVA FCFEPTGKHEI FCFEPTGKHE I PFTHKPFJTI_ PFTHKPFJTI_HH G^-IA^

Kiai = Zhr`i Biyith KHA = FPF9>98>944

^TGJTIA _PV@H @-HHH PFEKHE FCFEPTGAF@HE ^GCHPFEKHE VKJJVCIK EICHAIKPIK DIKMITAI_HK 4>4>

 

VKHP 9 TIKJEIHIK G^-IA^ HK\FTPHKJ

9.9  Pumuik ^rietheua 9.  Aibishswi `ipit afkjftibuh egapgkfk ipi simi yikj `hpfrcueik uktue

afaduit rikjeihik gp-iap hkvfrthkj (rikjeihik pfkjuit hkvfrthkj). 4.  Aibishswi `ipit afaduit rikjeihik pfkjuit hkvfrthk hkvfrt hkj. j. ?.  Aibishswi `ipit afkjfrth `ik afaibiah tfktikj gpfrithgkic iapchlhfr hkvfrthkj .

9.4  Icit `ik Dibik

Icit =

 

9. Prihkfr fcfetrgkhei tfrhktfjrish 4.  ^rgmfot dgir`   ?.  ^gwfr suppcy  0.  Aucthaftfr ikicgj Dibik = 9.  HO gp-iap CA:09 4.  Tfshstgr ?.  CF@ 0.  Eidfc muapfr

 

6. Mfpht duiyi 9.?  @isir Pfgrh

9.?.9  Tikjeihik Gp-iap Hkvfrthkj Tikjeihik gp-iap hkvfrthkj itiu rikjeihik pfkjuit hkvfrthkj i`icib rikjeihik fcfetrgkhei yikj dfrlukjsh uktue afapfreuit `ik afadiche pgcirhtis shkyic aisueik. Tikjeihik  pfkjuit hkvfrthkj afkjjukieik HO yikj sfrhkj `hpieih `ik au`ib `hoirh yihtu HO gp-iap CA:09. Efcuirik sfksgr `ik trik`usfr pi`i uauakyi afapukyih afapukyih tfjikjik yikj sikjit efohc bhkjji aherg vgct,

 

sfbhkjji `hpfrcueik pfkjuit `fkjik hapf`iksh aisueik rfk`ib. Tikjeihik pfkjuit hkvfrthkj afrupieik rikjeihik pfkjuit pfadiche `fkjik hapf`iksh aisueik sikjit rfk`ib. Tikjeihik pfkjuit hkvfrthkj ieik afkfrhai irus itiu tfjikjik `irh trik`usfr sikjit efohc `ik ieik afadikjehteik irus itiu tfjikjik yikj cfdhb dfsir. Tikjeihik `isir pfkjuit hkvfrthkj, `haiki shkyic aisueikkyi `hduit afcicuh hkput hkvfrthkj. Tikjeihik hkh afkjudib irus afkmi`h tfjikjik `ik `hjfrieeik gcfb suadfr tfjikjik, dueik suadfr irus.

Jiadir 9.9 Tikjeihik ^fkjuit Hkvfrthkj

9.?.4  Prihkfr Fcfetrgkhei Pfrhktfjrish Prihkfr fcfetrgkhei tfrhktfjrish i`icib sfduib af`hi dfcimir yikj `hrikoikj sfsuih `fkjik egapftfksh `isir `icia afkfripeik `isir-`isir fcfetrgkhei pi`i aiti euchib fcfetrgkhei tfrhktfjrish. Prihkfr hkh `hrikoikj `icia dfktue dgx yikj utub. Prihkfr fcfetrgkhei tfrhktfjrish tfr`hrh `irh egapgkfk fcfetrgkhei iethl `ik pishl.

Jiadir 9.4 Prihkfr Fcfetrgkhei Pfrhktfj P frhktfjrish rish

9.?.?  ^rgmfot Dgir`   ^rgmfot dgir`   (drfi` dgir` ) i`icib pipik yikj `hjukieik

uktue afrikjeih egapgkfk ijir dhsi afkmi`h rikjeihik yikj sfapurki. Efjukiik pipik hkh sikjitcib au`ib `ik priet prieths, hs, ehti th`ie  pfrcu afkoirh micur `fkjik ciy gut  itiupuk  itiupuk afkjfdgrkyi. Ehti bikyi

 

 pfrcu afkogcge egapgkfk `h cudikj egtie efohc yikj i`i `h  prgmfot dgir`  tfrsfdut.  tfrsfdut.

Jiadir 9.? ^rgmfot Dgir`  

9.?.0  ^gwfr _uppcy  ^gwfr suppcy  (oitu `iyi) `hsfdut muji sfdijih i`iptgr

i`icib suadfr tfjikjik @O yikj `hjukieik uktue afadfrheik tfjikjik itiu `iyi efpi`i dfrdijih rikjeihik fcfetrgkhei yikj afadutubeik tfjikjik @O ijir `ipit dfrgpfrish. Tikjeihik pgege `irh  pgwfr suppcy  th`ie cihk i`icib suitu pfkyfirib yiekh suitu rikjeihik yikj afkjudib shkyic dgcie-diche (IO) afkmi`h shkyic sfirib (@O).

Jiadir 9.0 ^gwfr _uppcy 

9.?.6  Aucthaftfr Ikicgj Aucthaftfr ikicgj (aucthaftfr mirua) i`icib icit pfkjueur  dfsirik chstrhe yikj afkjjukieik tiaphcik mirua yikj dfrjfrie ipidhci prgdf aucthaftfr `htfapfceik ef dfk`i yikj `hueur. Aucthaftfr hkh tfrsf`hi `fkjik efaiapuik uktue afkjueur biaditik gba (ℬ), tfjikjik (vgct), (vgct ), `ik irus (aI). Aucthaftfr ikicgj th`ie `hjukieik uktue afkjueur sfoiri `ftihc suitu dfsirik khcih egapgkfk, tftiph efdikyieik bikyi `hjukieik uktue afkjftibuh  dihe itiu th`iekyi egapgkfk pi`i wietu pfkjueurik sfrti

 

afafrhesi ipieib suitu rikjeihik su`ib tfrsiadukj `fkjik dihe sfsuih `fkjik dcge yikj i`i.

Jiadir 9.6 Aucthaftfr Ikicgj

 

9.?.<

HO Gp-iap CA:09 ^fkjuit gpfrishgkic (gp-iap) i`icib suitu dcge pfkjuit yikj afapukyih `ui aisueik `ik situ efcuirik. ^fkjuit gpfrishgkic (gp-iap) `hefais `icia suitu rikjeihik tfrpi`u ( hktfjritf` ohrouht   itiu dhisi `hsfdut HO). _icib situ thpf gpfrishgkic iapchlhfr (gp-iap) yikj pgpucir i`icib CA:09. HO CA:09 afrupieik gpfrishgkic iapchlhfr yikj `hefais `icia dfktue `uic hk-chkf pioeijf  (@H^). Efaisik HO mfkhs @H^ afahcheh tik`i ducitik itiu strhp pi`i sicib situ su`utkyi uktue afkik`ih irib phk itiu eieh kgagr 9 `irh HO tfrsfdut. ^fkgagrik HO `icia efaisik @H^ i`icib dfrciwikik irib  mirua mia `haucih `irh phk yikj tfrcftie pichkj `feit `fkjik tik`i t ik`i  ducit itiu strhp pi`i efaisik @H^ tfrsfdut. HO CA:09 afahcheh efaisik @H^ 2 phk sfpfrth tfrchbit pi`i jiadir dfrheut hkh.

Jiadir 9.< Egklhjurish ^hk HO Gp-iap CA:09

 

^i`i HO hkh tfr`ipit `ui phk hkput, `ui phk pgwfr suppcy, situ  phk gutput , situ phk KO (kg ogkkfothgk), `ik `ui phk gllsft kucc. ^hk gllsft kucc  afaukjehkeik afcieueik sf`heht pfkjiturik tfrbi`ip

irus hktfrkic `h `icia HO uktue u ktue afaiesi tfjikjik gutput  afkmi`h  afkmi`h kgc efthei ef`ui hkput dfrkhcih kgc.

Jiadir 9.: HO CA:09

9.?.:  Tfshstgr Tfshstgr (biaditik itiu tibikik) i`icib egapgkfk `isir fcfetrgkhei yikj `hduit uktue afkjbiadit ichrik irus chstrhe. _fduib rfshstgr `ipit `h `fsihk sf`fahehik rupi sfbhkjji afapukyih khcih biaditik tfrtfktu. Dfr`isireik khcih biaditikkyi, rfshstgr `ipit `hdf`ieik afkmi`h `ui aioia, yihtu rfshstgr tftip (afapukyih khcih biaditik tfrtfktu/tftip) `ik rfshstgr virhidfc (khcih biaditikkyi `ipit `hudib-udib/`hitur). Tfshstgr muji `ipit `hefcgapgeeik dfr`isireik dibik  pfaduitikkyi, yihtu rfshstgr chchtik eiwit `ik rfshstgr eirdgk. Tfshstgr chchtik eiwit `hjukieik uktue dfrdijih efpfrcuik yikj afadutubeik ieurish oueup thkjjh `ik pfricitik pfri citik yikj afkjjukieik virhish irus yikj dfsir, sf`ikjeik rfshstgr eirdgk afrupieik rfshstgr yikj pichkj dikyie dfrf`ir `h pisirik. Tfshstgr eirdgk afapukyih khcih biaditik yikj tftip eirfki htu `hsfdut muji rfshstgr tftip. Dfsirkyi khcih suitu biaditik rfshstgr `hkyitieik `icia situik gba (ℬ).. (ℬ)

Jiadir 9.2 Tfshstgr

 

9.?.2  CF@ CF@ ( Chjbt  Chjbt Fahtthkj @hg`f) i`icib egapgkfk fcfetrgkhei yikj `ipit afaikoireik oibiyi agkgergaithe. CF@ afrupieik efcuirji `hg`i yikj tfrduit `irh dibik sfahegk`uetgr. Zirki-wirki oibiyi yikj `hpikoireik gcfb CF@ tfrjiktukj pi`i mfkhs dibik sfahegk`uetgr yikj `hpfrjukieikkyi. CF@ muji `ipit afaikoireik shkir hklriafrib yikj th`ie tiapie gcfb aiti sfpfrth pi`i rfagtf ogktrgc P\ itiupuk rfagtf ogktrgc pfrikjeit fcfetrgkhe cihkkyi.

Dfktue CF@ ahrhp `fkjik sfduib dgbcia (dgci ciapu) yikj efohc `ik `ipit `hpisikjeik `fkjik au`ib ef `icia dfrdijih  pfrikjeit fcfetrgkhei. Dfrdf`i `fkjik ciapu phmir, CF@ th`ie afafrcueik pfadieirik lhciafk sfbhkjji th`ie afkhaduceik pikis  Chjbt `icia afkjbishceik afkjbishceik oibiyi. Gcfb eirfki eirfki htu, siit hkh hkh CF@ CF@ ( Chjbt  Fahtthkj @hg`f) yikj dfktuekyi efohc tfcib tf cib dikyie `hjukieik sfdijih

ciapu pfkfrikj `icia CO@ P\, afkjjikth ciapu tudf.

Jiadir 9.8 CF@

9.?.8  Eidfc Muapfr Eidfc muapfr afrupieik eidfc fcfetrhe yikj dfrlukjsh uktue afkjbudukjeik iktir egapgkfk yikj i`i `h  prgmfot dgir`   tikpi birus afafrcueik sgc`fr. Vauakyi eidfc muapfr su`ib `hcfkjeiph `fkjik phk yikj tfr`ipit pi`i sfthip umukjkyi. ^hk itiu egkfetgr yikj `hjukieik uktue afkusue `hsfdut `fkjik  Aicf Ogkkfotgr , sfafktiri egkfetgr yikj `htusue `hsfdut `fkjik Lfaicf Ogkkfotgr .

 

  Jiadir 9.9> Eidfc Muapfr

9.?.9>  Mfpht Duiyi Mfpht duiyi `hjukieik uktue afkmfpht siadukjik eidfc `fkjik tumuik ijir irus chstrhe `ipit afkjichr `irh eidfc yikj situ ef eidfc yikj cihkkyi.

Jiadir 9.99 Mfpht Duiyi

9.0  Cikjeib ^rietheua

9.  @hshipeik icit `ik dibik yikj `hpfrcueik uktue prietheua.  4.  @hpibiah rikjeihik yikj ieik `hprietheik.   ?.  @hpisikj rfshstgr 9E ef eieh 4 sfdijih hkvfrthkj hkput, efau`hik `hbudukjeik tfjikjik @O 6\ sfdfcua rfshstgr 9E.  0.  _fcikmutkyi, `hpisikj rfshstgr 9>E sftfcib rfshstgr 9E. efau`hik, `hmuapfr gutput  eieh  eieh < sftfcib rfshstgr rfshstg r 9>E.  6.  @hbudukjeik rfshstgr 9>E ef eieh pgshthl CF@.   94. – Af`hi ^fadfcimirik Prihkfr Prihk fr Fcfetrgkhei @isir Vktue Vktu e  Aiti

^fcimirik

@isir ‑.

Fcfetrgkhei

Afcicuh

 lhcf=///O=/Vsfrs/iofr/@gouafkts/Cipgrik%4>Fcfetr  lhcf=///O=/Vsfrs/iofr/@gouafkts/Ci pgrik%4>Fcfetrgkhei%4>Pfrhk gkhei%4>Pfrhk tfjrish/PrihkfrWfcfetrgkhei.p`l   (@hiesfs pi`i 4? Lfdruirh 4>4>)

Aiebcul,

Aubiaai`.

4>9?.

–^ipik

^rgmfot

Dgir` ‑. ‑.

Afcicuh

bttp=//a-icul.dcgjspgt.oga/4>9?/>8/pipik-prgmfotdgir`.btac7a19  

(@hiesfs pi`i 4? Lfdruirh 4>4>) Tiai`bikh,

@whtbi

Limrh.

4>9448069/PVJI_WIEBHTWFCFEPTG  KHEI-^GZFTW_V^^CX  (@hiesfs  (@hiesfs pi`i 44 Lfdruirh 4>4>)

Tibaib,

Kurdihth.

4>90.

– Icit

Veur

Aucthaftfr ‑. ‑.

Afcicuh

bttps=//icitueuraucthaftfr.wgr`prfss.oga/tij/aucthaftfr-ikicgj/  

(@hiesfs pi`i 44 Lfdruirh 4>4>) Xuchi`h, Ftrh Oibyi & Iaichi, Kuruc. 4>>:. – ^fkjueurik Tfshstgr ‑. ‑. Afcicuh bttp=//ikjjukfcfetrg.dcgjspgt.oga/4>>8/>6/pfkjueurikrfshstgr.bt  ac7a19 (@hiesfs pi`i 4? Lfdruirh 4>4>)

Ebg, @hoesgk. 4>98. –^fkjfrthik CF@ (Chjbt Fahtthkj @hg`f) `ik Oiri Efrmikyi ‑. Afcicuh bttps=//tfekhefcfetrgkhei.oga/pfkjfrthik-cf`chjbt-fahtthkj`hg`f-oiri-efrmi/  (@hiesfs  (@hiesfs pi`i 44 Lfdruirh 4>4>)

Ikgkha. 4>92. – Dfrdijih Aioia Eidfc Muapfr yikj Birus Ik`i Eftibuh ‑. Afcicuh

bttps=//dfcimirhgt.oga/dfrdijih-aioia-eidfc-muapfr/  

(@hiesfs pi`i 44 Lfdruirh 4>4>) Ehcah, A.Xuwik. 4>90. – Cipgrik ^rietheua Hkstruafktish `ik Egktrgc  Dhgshstfa‑.

Afcicuh

bttps=//www.sch`fsbirf.kft/agdhcf/XuwikEhcah/ioir-0-sfksgroibiyi (@hiesfs pi`i 4? Lfdruirh 4>4>)