Laporan 45678
August 2, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Short Description
Download Laporan 45678...
Description
JCVH^CG V@^QCGBBPGBDCRCN V@^QCGBBPGBDCRCNCG CG V^HB^CL KC^UC GUCQC LCMCYEYRC
PVCUC V@GEGBKCQCG V@^EJCKP MEAPV N@^YEM ACG Y@MCQ A@GBCG L@GDCBC K@N@^YEMCG BEBE ACG LPJPQ, L@GIPIE QCGBCG A@GBCG NCEK ACG N@GC^ Y@^QC DCDCGCG Y@MCQ A@YC YPLN@^VCYE^ K@ICLCQCG VCKEY
Hj`m 4 K@QPC
4
CGBBHQC 4
LC^AJCQMEJJCM L. C.
3>062636633361? 3>062636633361?
CGBBC CGA^@ OCM^ETCJ
3>0626366333612 3>0626366333612
AM@JEJC GPYC B@LVEQC
3>062636633361= 3>062636633361=
L@UAC YCNE@JJC I.
3>0626>66333690 3>0626>66333690
GH_ECG CGA^EUCGQE
3>0626>6633369? 3>0626>6633369?
^ETKE YEJOECGC
3>0626>66333692 3>0626>66333692
IJC^@QQC YC^CYRCQE
3>0626966333693 3>0626966333693
CO^E@JEC JCEJU R.
3>062696633369> 3>062696633369>
GEKU EYC MCVYC^E
3>0626166333630 3>0626166333630
YEYKC CLCGAC CLCA@C
3>0626066333631 3>0626066333631
Y@JJU KC^EGC OEQ^E
3>0626?66333630 3>0626?66333630
OCKPJQCY K@AHKQ@^CG PGE_@^YEQCY N^CREDCUC DCGPC^E >63?
MCJCLCG V@GB@YCMCG
Duauj K`bectcg
4 Ppcyc V`gegbkctcg V`rejcku Meaup N`rsem acg Y`mct a`gbcg a`gbcg L`gdcbc K`n`rsemcg Bebe acg Lujut, L`giuie Qcgbcg a`gbcg Ncek acg N`gcr s`rtc Dcdcgcg Y`mct A`sc Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes.
K`tuc V`jckscgc Gclc
4 Lcrajctmejjcm L. C.
GEL
4 3>062636633361? 3>062636633361?
Duruscg/Jcn
4 V`gaeaekcg Ahkt`r
Gh. Q`jp/MV
4 6=029?=06=52 6=029?=06=52
Cgbbhtc V`jckscgc4 Cgbbhtc 3 Cgbbhtc >
CGBBC CGA^@ OCM^ETCJ AM@JEJC GPYC B@LVEQC
3>0626366333612 3>0626366333612 3>062636633361= 3>062636633361=
Cgbbhtc 9 Cgbbhtc 1 Cgbbhtc 0 Cgbbhtc ? Cgbbhtc 2 Cgbbhtc = Cgbbhtc 5 Cgbbhtc 36
L@UAC YCNE@JJC I. GH_ECG CGA^EUCGQE ^ETKE YEJOECGC IJC^@QQC YC^CYRCQE CO^E@JEC JCEJU R. GEKU EYC MCVYC^E YEYKC CLCGAC CLCA@C Y@JJU KC^EGC OEQ^E
3>0626>66333690 3>0626>66333690 3>0626>6633369? 3>0626>6633369? 3>0626>66333692 3>0626>66333692 3>062696633 3>0626966333693 3693 3>062696633369> 3>062696633369> 3>0626166333630 3>0626166333630 3>0626066333631 3>0626066333631 3>0626?66333630 3>0626?66333630
Jhkcse K`bectcg
4 A`sc Yuln`r Vcser, K`iclctcg Vckes, Kcnupct`g Lcjcgb.
Jclc K`bectcg
4 33 Dcgucre >63?->> Dcgucre >63? Lcjcgb, = Dcgucre >63?
V`lnelnegb
L`gb`tcmue, K`tuc V`jckscgc
Lcrajctmejjcm L. C. ar. Tclrhge Coeo, YpY, L. Nehl`a 3>062636633361? 316?25?12 L`gy`tudue, K`tuc VKGL >630/>63?
ar. Nclncgb Vredcae, LY GEV. 350>69>135=169366> 350>69>135=169366>
NCN 3 V@GACMPJPCG
3. CGCJEYEY YEQPCYE C. B`hbrcoe
A`sc Yuln`rpcser l`lpugyce ? ausug, 9? ^Q, acg 36 ^R. Pgtuk trcgsphrtcse acpct aet`lpum a`gbcg k`gacrccg rhac auc acg rhac `lpct. Cacpug nctcs wejcycm s`ncbce n`rekut4 3) Y`n`jcm Ptcrc
4 A`sc Yukhjejh K`iclctcg Dcnugb
>) Y`n`jcm Y`jctcg
4 A`sc Vuicgbshgbh K`iclctcg Vckes
9) Y`n`jcm Qelur
4 A`sc Yukhcgycr K`iclctcg Vckes
1) Y`n`jcm Ncrct
4 A`sc Vckes K`lncr K`iclctcg Vckes
Jucs wejcycm a`sc Yuln`rpcser l`gurut p`gbbugccggyc, s`ncbce n`rekut4 Prcecg Jucs Jucs V`lukelcg
?3,>0 mc
Jucs V`rscwcmcg
>9> mc
Jucs V`rk`nugcg
3>,3?0 mc
Jucs Kunurcg Jucs V`kcrcgbcg
1,>15 mc 11,??5 mc
Jucs Qclcg
- mc
Jucs V`rkcgthrcg
6,696 mc
Jucs Vrcscrcgc Plul jceggyc
33,6? mc
Jucs wejcycm
121,?59mc
N. A`lhbrcoe
A`sc Yuln`rpcser l`lejeke duljcm p`gauauk 0.20= t`raere acre p`gauauk jcke-jcke s`ncgyck >.5>6 hrcgb acg p`gauauk wcgetc s`ncgyck >.=1= hrcgb. Acre duljcm p`gauauk t`rs`nut t`racpct K`pcjc K`jucrbc s`ncgyck 353= KK.
Qcn`j 3. ^`kcpetujcse Psec V`gauauk Gh
Prcecg
Duljcm
3.
6-3> nujcg
3?3 dewc
>.
3-0 tcmug
1=? dewc
9.
6-2 tcmug
5?1 dewc
1.
2-3= tcmug
330> dewc
0.
3=-0? tcmug
9>00 dewc
?.
7 0? tcmug
952 dewc
Qcn`j >. Aestrenuse V`gauauk L`gurut Qegbkct V`gaeaekcg Gh.
V`gaeaekcg
3.
Psec 9-? tcmug ycgb n`jul lcsuk QK
>.
Jcke-jcke
V`r`lpucg
331 hrcgb
330 hrcgb
Psec 9-? tcmug ycgb s`acgb QK/Vjcy brhup
50 hrcgb
365 hrcgb
9.
Psec 2-3= tcmug ycgb teack p`rgcm s`khjcm
36 hrcgb
= hrcgb
1.
Psec 2-3= ycgb s`acgb s`khjcm
950 hrcgb
163 hrcgb
0.
Psec 3=-0? tcmug ycgb teack p`rgcm s`khjcm
09 hrcgb
13 hrcgb
?.
Psec 3=-0? tcmug p`rgcm YA t`tcpe teack tclct
=5 hrcgb
369 hrcgb
2.
Qclctcg YA s`a`rcdct
>10hrcgb
>6> hrcgb
=.
Duljcm usec 3=-0? tcmug ycgb teack tclct YJQV
919 hrcgb
13> hrcgb
5.
Duljcm usec 3=-0? tcmug ycgb teack tclct YJQC
0>0 hrcgb
063 hrcgb
36.
Qclctcg YJQV s`a`rcdct
?=> hrcgb
050 hrcgb
33.
Qclctcg YJQC s`a`rcdct
201 hrcgb
=11 hrcgb
3>.
Qclctcg A3
>6 hrcgb
3= hrcgb
39.
Qclctcg A>
39 hrcgb
32 hrcgb
31.
Qclctcg A9
30 hrcgb
32 hrcgb
30.
Qclctcg Y3
?2 hrcgb
00 hrcgb
3?.
Qclctcg Y>
9 hrcgb
> hrcgb
32.
Qclctcg YJN C (Qugc G`trc)
3 hrcgb
3 hrcgb
3=.
Qclctcg YJN N (Qugc ^ugbu Reicrc)
- hrcgb
3 hrcgb
Qcn`j 9. Aestrenuse V`gauauk L`gurut Lctc V`gicmcrecg Gh.
V`gaeaekcg
Duljcm
3.
VGY
23 hrcgb
>.
CN^E/Vhjese
9.
V`bcwce swcstc
?2> hrcgb
1.
V`acbcgb
130 hrcgb
0.
V`rn`gbk`jcg
?.
Qcge
3>5 hrcgb
2.
V`rtukcgbcg
166 hrcgb
=.
Nurum tcge
9>6 hrcgb
5.
V`gseugcg
30 hrcgb
36.
V`gbrcdeg egaustre rulcm tcgbbc
33.
V`lncgtu rulcm tcgbbc
?> hrcgb
3>.
Aukug kclpugb t`rjctem
3 hrcgb
39.
Dcsc p`gbhnctcg cjt`rgcteo
> hrcgb
31.
Lck`jcr/nrhk`r/l`aecthr
30 hrcgb
30.
Yhper
96 hrcgb
3?.
Qukcgb n`ick
> hrcgb
32.
Qukcgb iukur
> hrcgb
2 hrcgb
25 hrcgb
Qhtcj
92> hrcgb
>.051 hrcgb
I. K`caccg Kmusus
c. Ycrcgc K`s`mctcg Vhsycgau
? uget
Qhkh Hnct
> Pget
Ncjce V`gbhnctcg Lcsycrckct Ucycscg/Ywcstc
3 Pget
Duljcm ^ulcm/Kcgthr Vrckt`k Ahkt`r
3 Pget
^ulcm N`rscjeg
> Pget
Vhsk`sa`s
3 Pget
Vhsk`str`g
3 Pget
Vhjega`s
3 Pget
n. Duljcm V`ln`re V`jcycgcg K`s`mctcg Ahkt`r Vrckt`k - Plul
> hrcgb
- Bebe
6 hrcgb
- Yp`secjes jceggyc
3 hrcgb
Neacg Vrckt`k Ywcstc
9 hrcgb
Neacg A`sc
> hrcgb
V`rcwct A`sc
> hrcgb
i. Q`gcbc K`s`mctcg Q`rjctem Aukug t`gcbc p`gbhnctcg cjt`rgcteo
> hrcgb
Aukug n`rscjeg
3 hrcgb
Kca`r k`s`mctcg
16 hrcgb
a. Ppcyc K`s`mctcg N`rsuln`r Acyc Lcsycrckct (PK9L) Vhsycgau Jcgsec
?
Duljcm Kca`r Jcgsec
9
`. K`t`gcbccg Q`gcbc Ae Vhjega`s
A.
Neacg
>
V`rcwct
>
K`caccg Plul Qcn`j 1. Khgaese Plul pcac lurea LE GP Yuln`rpcser
Gh.
3.
Lcscjcm
Kurcgbgyc
A`skrepse
K`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut l`rupckcg ncbecg egt`brcj acre
p`gb`tcmucg
k`s`mctcg lcgusec s`utumgyc, a`gbcg a`lekecg upcyc-upcyc acjcl
t`gtcgb
neacgb k`s`mctcg bebe pcac ckmergyc ckcg turut n`rp`rcg acjcl
k`s`mctcg
p`gegbkctcg kucjetcs acg prhauktevetcs suln`r acyc lcgusec.
bebe acg
K`s`mctcg bebe cacjcm p`gtegb kcr`gc p`gi`rgccg lckcgcg aelujce
lujut
a`gbcg ncgtucg bebe. Y`jceg ougbsegyc ugtuk lckcg acg n`rneicrc, bebe dubc p`gtegb ugtuk p`rtulnumcg acg p`rk`lncgbcg ghrlcj cgck. V`l`jemcrccg k`s`mctcg bebe acg buse lcsycrckct t`rutclc pcac cgck
s`khjcm scgbctjcm p`gtegb. Hj`m s`ncn etu, scjcm sctu k`nedckscgccggyc k`nedckscgccgg yc cacjcm a`gbcg l`gegbkctkcg upcyc prhlhteo, pr`v`gteo, acg kurcteo pcac cgck usec s`khjcm (?-3> tcmug) kcr`gc pcac usec t`rs`nut l`rupckcg wcktu aelcgc ckcg tulnumgyc bebe t`tcp (Cgbbrc`ge, >665). L`gbegbct p`gtegbgyc ougbse bebe t`rs`nut lckc s`dck aege k`s`mctcg bebe cgck-cgck usec s`khjcm p`rju aep`rmctekcg. Ae sclpegb ockthr lckcgcg, l`gbbhshk bebe dubc l`rupckcg scjcm sctu mcj ycgb p`rju aep`rmctekcg acjcl rcgbkc tegackcg p`gi`bcmcg kcre`s bebe. Rcjcupug k`bectcg l`gbbhshk bebe l`rupckcg k`bectcg ycgb suacm ulul gclug lcsem cac k`k`jerucg ncek acjcl p`gb`rtecggyc p` gb`rtecggyc lcupug acjcl p`jckscgccggyc (N`sohra, 355?). >.
Kurcgb
L`giuie tcgbcg cacjcm l`lncsum k`auc t`jcpck tcgbcg
p`gb`tcmucg
a`gbcg scnug acg cer l`gbcjer s`n`jul acg s`suacm l`jckukcg
l`gb`gce
tegackcg a`gbcg tuducg ugtuk l`gbmejcgbkcg kulcg. L`lnecsckcg
icrc l`giuie
l`giuie tcgbcg s`dck aege l`rupckcg jcgbkcm cwcj ugtuk l`gi`bcm
tcgbcg ycgb
lcsukgyc kulcg acg r`sekh t`rtujcrgyc p`gycket.
ncek acg
Iuie tcgbcg a`gbcg scnug mcrus aejckukcg scct4
n`gcr
3. Y`n`jul Lckcg >. Y`n`jul acg s`suacm l`gbhjcm lckcgcg 9. Y`suacm acre kclcr lcgae ctcu RI 1. Y`t`jcm khgtck a`gbcg hrcgb ycgb nctuk ctcu n`rseg. 0. Qcgbcg t`rjemct khthr ?. Y`t`jcm l`gcgbcge hrcgb scket Necsckcg l`giuie tcgbcg s`dck cgck-cgck kcr`gc4 3. Cgck-cgck p`rju tcmu icrc l`giuie tcgbcg a`gbcg n`gcr >. Ncgtucg acg ihgthm ycgb n`gcr l`rupckcg `j`l`g p`gtegb acjcl l`ln`gtuk k`necsccg l`giuie tcgbcg pcac cgck-cgck 9. Cgck-cgck ckcg n`jcdcr acre l`gihgthm, hj`m kcr`gc etu necrkcg l`r`kc l`gihgthm acre hrcgb-hrcgb a`wcsc ycgb l`rcwctgyc.
9.
Ncgyck
V`rk`lncgbcg lckcgcg dcdcgcg ae Egahg`sec suacm s`lckeg
dcdcgcg
lcdu, tck t`rk`iucje ycgb aedcdckcg ae s`khjcm-s`khjcm, mcj ege acpct
kurcgb s`mct
aejemct a`gbcg s`lckeg n`rcbclgyc lckcgcg dcdcgcg ycgb aetcwcrkcg
ycgb
ae s`tecp s`khjcm. Mclper ae s`tecp s`khjcm pcste aedulpce pcrc
aekhgsulse
p`acbcgb lckcgcg dcdcgcg. Ege l`gahrhgb telnujgyc k`necsccg l`gbkhgsulse lckcgcg dcdcgcg pcac cgck s`khjcm t`rutclc pcac dcl estercmct s`khjcm. Gclug k`necsccg l`gbkhgsulse dcdcgcg s`mct lcsem kurcgb aelejeke hj`m cgck-cgck s`khjcm. Y`jclc ege lcsem ncgyck dcdcgcg s`khjcm ycgb kurcgb t`rdcleg k`s`mctcggyc acg n`rpht`gse l`gy`ncnkcg k`rciugcg. A`gbcg ncgyckgyc lckcgcg ycgb l`gbcgaugb ncmcg kelec n`rncmcyc ae pcscrcg, kcgteg-kcgteg s`khjcm, acg p`gdcdc lckcgcg ae s`ketcr s`khjcm l`rupckcg cb`g p`gtegb ycgb ycgb nesc l`lnuct seswc l`gbkhgsulse l`gbkhgsulse lckcgcg teack s`mct. Ae sese jceg, p`rejcku p`rej cku khgsulse lckcg aep`gbcrume pujc hj`m wcwcscg ctcu icrc pcgacgb s`s`hrcgb t`rmcacp lcscjcm beze. V`rejcku lckcg pcac acscrgyc l`rupckcg n`gtuk p`g`rcpcg p`g`rcpcg k`necsccg lckcg.
>. V`ruluscg Lcscjcm
Cpckcm egt`rv`gse pcac lurea LE GP Yuln`rpcser ycgb mcrus aejckukcg n`rkcetcg a`gbcg upcyc p`gegbkctcg p`rejcku meaup n`rsem acg s`mct a`gbcg l`gdcbc k`n`rsemcg bebe acg lujut, l`giuie tcgbcg a`gbcg ncek acg n`gcr s`rtc dcdcgcg s`mct A`sc Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes8
9. Quducg K`bectcg
3) L`ln`rekcg p`gyujumcg t`gtcgb p`rejcku meaup n`rsem acg s`mct a`gbcg l`gdcbc k`n`rsemcg bebe acg lujut, l`giuie tcgbcg a`gbcg ncek acg n`gcr s`rtc dcdcgcg s`mct A`sc Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes. >) L`gi`bcm acg l`gurugkcg egsea`g k`dcaecg p`gycket bebe acg lujut, s`rtc scjurcg p`gi`rgccg.
1. Lcgocct K`bectcg
3) L`gegbkctkcg p`gb`tcmucg t`gtcgb p`rejcku meaup n`rsem acg s`mct a`gbcg l`gdcbc k`n`rsemcg bebe acg lujut, l`giuie tcgbcg a`gbcg ncek acg n`gcr s`rtc dcdcgcg s`mct A`sc Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes >) K`dcaecg p`gycket bebe acg lujut, s`rtc scjurcg p`gi`rgccg l`gurug 9) Cgck-cgck l`gdcae j`nem s`mct.
NCN > > QEGDCPCG VPYQCKC VPYQCKC
C. K`s`mctcg Bebe acg Lujut
K`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut l`rupckcg ncbecg egt`brcj acre k`s`mctcg lcgusec s`utumgyc, a`gbcg a`lekecg upcyc-upcyc acjcl neacgb k`s`mctcg bebe pcac ckmergyc ckcg turut n`rp`rcg acjcl p`gegbkctcg kucjetcs acg prhauktevetcs suln`r acyc lcgusec. K`s`mctcg bebe cacjcm p`gtegb kcr`gc p`gi`rgccg lckcgcg aelujce a`gbcg ncgtucg bebe. Y`jceg ougbsegyc ugtuk lckcg acg n`rneicrc, bebe dubc p`gtegb ugtuk p`rtulnumcg acg p`rk`lncgbcg ghrlcj cgck. V`l`jemcrccg k`s`mctcg bebe acg buse lcsycrckct t`rutclc pcac cgck s`khjcm scgbctjcm p`gtegb. Hj`m s`ncn etu, scjcm sctu k`nedckscgccggyc cacjcm a`gbcg l`gegbkctkcg upcyc prhlhteo, pr`v`gteo, acg kurcteo pcac cgck usec s`khjcm (?-3> tcmug) kcr`gc pcac usec t`rs`nut l`rupckcg wcktu aelcgc ckcg tulnumgyc bebe t`tcp (Cgbbrc`ge, >665). L`gbegbct p`gtegbgyc ougbse bebe t`rs`nut lckc s`dck aege k`s`mctcg bebe cgck-cgck usec s`khjcm p`rju aep`rmctekcg. Ae sclpegb ockthr lckcgcg, l`gbbhshk bebe dubc l`rupckcg scjcm sctu mcj ycgb p`rju aep`rmctekcg acjcl rcgbkc te tegackcg gackcg p`gi`bcmcg kcre`s kc re`s bebe. Rcjcupug k`bectcg l`gbbhshk bebe l`rupckcg k`bectcg ycgb suacm ulul gclug lcsem cac k`k`jerucg ncek acjcl p`gb`rtecggyc p`gb`rtecgg yc lcupug acjcl p`jckscgccggyc (N`sohra, 355?). 3. Bebe
Bebe l`rupckcg scjcm sctu hrbcg p`gbugycm ycgb t`raere acre bebe pcac rcmcgb ctcs acg rcmcgb ncwcm, bebe t`raere acre tebc ncbecg ycetu lcmkhtc bebe, ckcr bebe acg j`m`r bebe. Bebe susu lujce tulnum k`tekc ncye n`rulur ? nujcg (Erimcl, >669). >. Vrhs`s V`ln`gtukcg Bebe
V`ln`gtukcg bebe t`jcm aelujce s`dck kcgeg n`rulur sctu s`t`gbcm nujcg acjcl kcgaugbcg enu, vetcleg acg leg`rcj pcac kmususgyc kcjseul acg ohsohr ycgb aenutumkcg ugtuk p`rtulnumcg acg p`rk`lncgbcg bebe ncye aeclnej s`icrc
hthlctes acre cjercg acrcm enu, hj`m kcr`gc p`gtegb ncbe k`s`mctcg enu acg ncye (^cmlcamcg, >636). Ncmcg lckcgcg ycgb ncgyck l`gbcgaugb kcjseul acg ohsohr cgctcrc jceg susu, k`du, acbegb, ekcg t`jur. Ckcg t`tcpe cpcnejc khgsulse acjcl lckcgcg s`mcre-mcre aercsc kurcgb, acpct aetclncmkcg a`gbcg l`gbkhgsulse hnct ycgb l`gbcgaugb ycgb aen`rekcg a`gbcg p`gbcwcscg ahkt`r (^cmlcamcg, >636). Ncbecg-ncbecg bebe N`gtuk bebe n`rn`ac s`suce a`gbcg ougbsegyc, bebe s`re ugtuk l`lhthgb bebe tcregb ycgb rugiegb ugtuk l`gcmcg acg l`rhn`k, b`rcmcl ugtuk l`gbmcjuskcg lckcgcg. L`gurut Lcgsdh`r (>665) wcjcupug n`gtukgyc n`rn`ac-n`ac s`luc l`lpugyce susugcg ycgb sclc, bebe t`raere ctcs4 c) Lcmkhtc bebe (lcmkhtc kjeges) Ncbecg ycgb l`ghgdhj aectcs buse, s`acgbkcg lcmkhtc cgcthles cacjcm ncbecg bebe ycgb aejcpese `lcej. n) Ckcr bebe Ncbecg ycgb t`rp`gacl acjcl cjv`jhus acjcl tujcgb lcksejjc ctcu lcgaenujc. i) J`m`r bebe Q`lpct t`rn`gtukgyc lcmkhtc cgcthles acg ckcr bebe. Khlphg`g bebe Khlphg`g bebe l`gurut Erimcl (>669) cacjcm c) @lcej L`rupckcg ncmcg pcac tunum, `lcej t`rsusug acre 55% ncmcg cghrbcgek t`rutclc kcjseul ohsoct acjcl n`gtuk krestcj cpcteg acg mcgyc 3 % ncmcg hrbcgek. Ncmcg hrbcgekgyc t`raere acre cgcl`jeg, suctu prht`eg ycgb kcyc ckcg prhjeg n) A`gteg A`gteg t`raere acre 26% zct cghrbcgek, 3=% acg 3>% cer, a`gteg t`rj`tck aencwcm `lcej acg l`rupckcg ncbecg t`rn`scr acre s`jurum bebe a`gteg j`nem jugck acre pcac `lcej acg l`jegaugbe pujpc. i) Vujpc Vujpc t`raere acre >0% zct hrbcgek acg 20% cer. Dcregbcg D cregbcg pujpc l`rupckcg dcregbcg jugck ycgb t`racpct aerucgb pujpc acg s`jurum ckcr dcregbcg ege t`raere acre4 3) V`lnujum jelo`. >) V`lnujum acrcm (crt`re acg v`gc). 9) Prct scrco. Y`jceg k`tebc ncbecg ege t`racpct pujc dcregbcg p`gaukugb ctcu p`gycgbbc bebe.
Dcregbcg p`reha`gtcj ycgb t`raere acre4 begbevc (buse), s`l`gtul, l`lnrcg p`reha`gtcj tujcgb cjv`hje.
9. V`reha` V`rtulnumcg Bebe Vcac Cgck
V`rtulnumcg bebe pcac cgck aetcgace a`gbcg p`lugiujcg bebe pcac p`rlukccg buse acg aeekute a`gbcg p`runcmcg pshsese bebe acre acjcl tujcgb p`gaukugb bebe ugtuk l`g`lpcte phsese ougbsehgcjgyc acjcl rhgbbc lujut. Vcac ululgyc, bebe sujugb p`rtclc kcje ckcg lugiuj pcac usec ? nujcg s`suacm jcmer acg s`jurum bebe sujugb s`j`sce lugiuj pcac usec >,0 tcmug, ycgb aetcgace a`gbcg bebe b`rcmcl sujugb k`auc t`jcm l`gicpce khgtck a`gbcg bebe (Erimcl, >669). Prutcg p`rtclc bebe sujugb ycgb tulnum cacjcm bebe s`re ncbecg ncwcm (necscgyc pcac usec ?-5 nujcg), k`luaecg aesusuj a`gbcg bebe s`re ncbecg ctcs. Bebe s`re k`auc, ycetu bebe ycgb tulnum aesclpegb bebe s`re p`rtclc ckcg tulnum scct usec 2-36 nujcg. Q`rkcacgb bebe s`re k`auc ae rcmcgb ncwcm tulnum j`nem auju s`n`jul s `n`jul bebe s`re k`auc ae rcmcgb ctcs. K`luaecg, sctu bebe b`rcmcl a`pcg tulnum pcac usec 3?->6 nujcg. Bebe tcregb dubc lujce lugiuj pcac usec ycgb sclc. Bebe b`rcmcl k`auc tulnum pcac usec >6-96 nujcg. Vcac ckmergyc, ckcr bebe sujugb t`rn`gtuk s`lpurgc pcac usec 9 tcmug. K`luaecg, sctu p`rsctu bebe sujugb ckcg tcgbbcj acg ckcg aebcgtekcg a`gbcg bebe p`rlcg`g ycgb duljcmgyc 9> nucm, ycgb aelujce scct cgck n`rusec 0-? tcmug sclpce bebe b`rcmcl nugbsu lugiuj pcac usec 35->> tcmug (Erimcl, >669).
1. V`gycket bebe acg lujut ycgb ncgyck t`rdcae pcac cgck s`khjcm
Ae Egahg`sec s`ncgyck =5% cgck ae ncwcm 3> tcmug l`ga`retc p`gycket bebe acg lujut. V`gycket bebe acg lujut, ckcg scgbct n`rp`gbcrum pcac a`rcdct k`s`mctcg, prhs`s tulnum k`lncgb, ncmkcg lcsc a`pcg cgck. Aclpck jceggyc, k`lclpucg n`jcdcr l`r`kc pug turug s`megbbc ckcg n`rp`gbcrum pcac pr`stcse n`jcdcr megbbc mejcgbgyc lcsc a`pcg cgck cgck (Tctgekc E, >636). >636). Kcre`s bebe acg rcacgb buse (begbevetes) l`rupckcg p`gycket bebe acg dcregbcg d cregbcg p`gaukugb bebe ycgb ncgyck aedulpce pcac cgck-cgck s`khjcm acscr ae Egahg`sec, s`rtc i`ga`rugb l`gegbkct s`tecp acscwcrsc (Awecte J, >66>).
Kcre`s Kcre`s bebe nesc t`rdcae cpcnejc t`racpct `lpct ockthr utclc ycetu bebe, sunstrct, lekrhhrbcgesl`, acg wcktu. N`n`rcpc d`ges kcrnhmearct lckcgcg lescjgyc sukrhsc acg bjukhsc ycgb acpct aercbekcg hj`m 33 nckt`re t`rt`gtu acg l`ln`gtuk cscl s`megbbc pM pjck ckcg l`gurug sclpce aencwcm 0 acjcl t`lph t` lph 9-0
l`get.
V`gurugcg
pM
ycgb
n`rujcgb-ujcgb
acjcl
wcktu
t`rt`gtu
l`gbckenctkcg a`leg`rcjescse p`rlukccg bebe (Keaa, >63>). Vrhs`s t`rdcaegyc kcre`s aelujce a`gbcg cacgyc pjck aep`rlukccg bebe. Vjck t`rn`gtuk acre iclpurcg cgtcrc ncmcg-ncmcg cer juacm s`p`rte luseg, sesc-sesc s`j dcregbcg lujut, j`ukhset, jelphset acg sesc lckcgcg s`rtc nckt`re. Vjck ege lujc-lujc t`rn`gtuk, cbcr icer ycgb jclc k`jclccg l`gdcae k`jct, t`lpct n`rtulnumgyc nckt`re (Yurycwcte, >636). Y`jceg kcr`gc cacgyc pjck, kcre`s bebe dubc aes`ncnkcg hj`m sukrhsc (bujc) acre sesc lckcgcg acg nckt`re ycgb l`g`lp`j pcac wcktu t`rt`gtu ycgb n`runcm l`gdcae cscl jcktct ycgb ckcg l`gurugkcg pM lujut l`gdcae kretes (0,0) ycgb ckcg l`gy`ncnkcg a`leg`rcjescse `lcej ycgb n`rjcgdut l`gdcae kcre`s bebe. Y`icrc p`rjcmcg-jcmcg a`leg`rcjescse egt`rgc n`rdcjcg k` crcm a`gteg l`jcjue juncgb ohkus t`tcpe n`jul sclpce kcvetcse (p`ln`gtukcg juncgb). Kcvetcse ncru telnuj nejc a`gteg t`rjenct acjcl prhs`s t`rs`nut. Gclug kcacgb-kcacgb n`betu ncgyck leg`rcj mejcgb acre egte j`se s`megbbc p`rlukccg luacm rusck s`icrc l`kcges, ycgb l`gbmcsejkcg kcvetcse ycgb lckrhskhpes acpct aejemct (Yurycwcte, >636). Begbevetes @ruptehg begbevetes L`rupckcg begbevetes ycgb t`rdcae ae s`ketcr bebe ycgb s`acgb `rupse acg n`rkurcgb s`t`jcm bebe tulnum s`lpurgc acjcl rhgbbc lujut. V`rcacgbcg aes`ncnkcg kcr`gc cacgyc ckulujcse pjck aes`ketcr bebe ycgb s`acgb `rupse. @ruptehg begbevetes tclpck j`nem n`rkcetcg a`gbcg ckulujcse pjck acrepcac a`gbcg p`runcmcg dcregbcg (Icrrcgzc, >66?). @ruptehg begbevetes pcjegb s`regb t`rdcae pcac cgck n`rusec ? sclce 2 tcmug k`tekc bebe p`rlcg`g lujce `rupse. LiAhgcja (3551) l`gbctckcg ncmwc begbevetes acpct n`rk`lncgb pcac tcmcp cwcj `rupse bebe, lcrbeg buse teack acpct
p`rjegaugbcg acre lcmkhtc lcmkhtc s`megbbc t`rdcae p`g`kcgcg lckcgcg ae ac`rcm t`rs`nut ycgb acpct l`gy`ncnkcg prhs`s p`rcacgbcg. Y`jceg etu dubc sesc lckcgcg, lct`recj cjnc, acg nckt`re pjck s`regb t`racpct ae s`ketcr acg ae ncwcm dcregbcg n`ncs, s`ncbecg l`jepute ac`rcm lcmkhtc bebe ycgb s`acgb `rupse, mcj ege l`gbckenctkcg prhs`s p`rcacgbcg. V`rcacgbcg t`rs`nut j`nem s`regb s `regb t`rdcae pcac scct bebe lhjcr 3 acg > p`rlcg`g `rupse, ycgb acpct l`gelnujkcg rcsc scket, acg acpct n`rk`lncgb l`gdcae p`rekhrhgetes ctcu cns`s p`rekhrhgcj (Icrrcgzc, >66?). @ruptehg begbevetes ckcg mejcgb cpcnejc phsese hkjuse t`jcm ghrlcj. @ruptehg begbevetes ege teack l`l`rjukcg p`rcwctcg l`jcegkcg mcgyc l`gegbkctkcg k`n`rsemcg lujutgyc, s`megbbc dcregbcg ycgb t`regojclcse ckcg l`gdcae ghrlcj acg mcj ege ckcg aeekute a`gbcg p`rtulnumcg bebe ycgb s`lpurgc. Cpcnejc t`jcm t`rdcae p`rekhrhgetes ycgb aeekute a`gbcg cacgyc p`ln`gbkckcg ghaus jeloctekus s`ncekgyc aejckukcg t`rcpe cgtenehtek. Begbevetes lcrbegcjes L`rupckcg suctu p`rcacgbcg buse pcac ac`rcm lcrbeg ycgb ncgyck aedulpce pcac cgck, aetcgace a`gbcg p`runcmcg wcrgc, ukurcg, khgsest`gse, acg n`gtuk p`rlukccg buse. V`gy`ncn p`rcacgbcg p `rcacgbcg buse pcac cgck-cgck sclc s`p`rte pcac a`wcsc, ycgb pcjegb ulul ycetu aes`ncnkcg hj`m p`gelnugcg nckt`re pjck. V`runcmcg wcrgc acg p`ln`gbkckcg buse l`rupckcg bclncrcg ulul t`rdcaegyc begbevetes. V`ln`gtukcg pjck bebe tclpck j`nem i`pct pcac cgck usec = sclpce 3> tcmug acrepcac hrcgb a`wcsc. Begbevetes pcac cgck aes`ncnkcg hj`m k`n`rsemcg lujut ycgb teack ncek, lct`re cjnc, acg kcjkujus. Eretcse jceg t`rmcacp buse ululgyc acpct telnuj kcr`gc cacgyc pegbbercg kcre`s ctcu cacgyc t`pe tclncjcg ycgb n`rj`nem. V`rcwctcg ugtuk begbevetes lcrbegcjes lcrbegcjes ycetu a`gbcg l`gbmejcgbkcg ockthr ockthr p`gy`ncn t`rs`nut. Ae sclpegb etu dubc mcrus aeegstruksekcg k`n`rsemcg lujut, gcsemct ae`t, acg l`jckukcg prhoejckses (Ge`ja, >669). N. Iuie Qcgbcg
L`gurut Qel A`pk`s (35=2) l`giuie tcgbcg cacjcm l`ln`rsemkcg tcgbcg t cgbcg acre s`bcjc khthrcg, aelujce acre udugb dcre sclpce seku acg j`gbcg a`gbcg icrc t`rt`gtu s`suce a`gbcg k`nutumcg. Y`l`gtcrc etu l`gurut V`rry & Vhtt`r (>660),
l`giuie tcgbcg l`rupckcg t`kgek acscr ycgb pcjegb p`gtegb acjcl p`gi`bcmcg acg p`gbhgtrhjcg ego`kse. Iuie tcgbcg cacjcm prhs`s l`lnucgb khthrcg acg a`nu s`icrc l`kcgek acre kujet k`auc n`jcm tcgbcg a`gbcg l`lckce scnug acg cer (Qe`td`g, `t.cj. `t.cj. >661). Y`acgbkcg l`gurut Vurhmeth (3550) l`giuie tcgbcg l`rupckcg sycrct utclc ycgb mcrus aep`gume s`n`jul l`jckukcg tegackcg k`p`rcwctcg lescjgyc4 l`lcscgb egous, l`gbclnej sp`sel`g. Ego`kse ycgb ae ckenctkcg acre p`ln`recg p`jcycgcg k`s`mctcg ctcu t`rdcae pcac ocsejetcs ocsejet cs p`jcycgcg k`s`mctcg.Ego`kse ege n`rmunugbcg a`gbcg prhs`aur aecbghstek ctcu t`rcp`utek acg s`regb t`rlcsuk l`lcgdcgbgyc wcktu tegbbcj ae rulcm scket (V`rry & Vhtt`r, >666). L`giuie tcgbcg cacjcm l`lncscme tcgbcg a`gbcg cer l`gbcjer ugtuk l`gbmegacre p`gycket, cbcr kulcg ycgb l`g`lp`j pcac tcgbcg n`gcr-n`gcr mejcgb. L`giuie tcgbcg dubc l`gburcgbe p`legacmcg lekrhnc k` pcse`g acg l`gbmclnct p`rtulnumcg lekrhhrbcgesl` ycgb n`rcac pcac kuku, tcgbcg, acg j`gbcg (Yimcoo`r, `t.cj . >666). Iuie tcgbcg mcrus aejckukcg a`gbcg ncek acg n`gcr s`n`jul acg s`suacm l`jckukcg tegackcg p`rcwctcg wcjcupug l`lckce scrugb tcgbcg ctcu cjct p`jegaugb jceg. Mcj ege aejckukcg ugtuk l`gbmejcgbkcg ctcu l`gburcgbe lekrhhrbcgesl` ycgb cac ae tcgbcg s`megbbc p`gy`ncrcg p`gycket acpct ae kurcgbe acg jegbkugbcg t`rdcbc acre ego`kse. Qcgbcg mcrus ae iuie s`n`jul acg s`suacm l`lckce scrugb tcgbcg. Iuie tcgbcg teack acpct aebcgtekcg hj`m p`lckcecg scrugb tcgbcg. L`giuie tcgbcg cacjcm l`lncsum k`auc t`jcpck tcgbcg a`gbcg scnug acg cer l`gbcjer s`n`jul acg s`suacm l`jckukcg tegackcg a`gbcg tuducg ugtuk l`gbmejcgbkcg kulcg. L`lnecsckcg l`giuie tcgbcg s`dck aege l`rupckcg jcgbkcm cwcj ugtuk l`gi`bcm lcsukgyc kulcg acg r`sekh t`rtujcrgyc t `rtujcrgyc p`gycket. Iuie tcgbcg a`gbcg scnug mcrus aejckukcg4 3. Y`n`jul Lckcg >. Y`n`jul acg s`suacm l`gbhjcm lckcgcg 9. Y`suacm acre kclcr lcgae ctcu RI 1. Y`t`jcm khgtck a`gbcg hrcgb ycgb nctuk ctcu n`rseg. 0. Qcgbcg t`rjemct khthr ?. Y`t`jcm l`gcgbcge hrcgb scket
Necsckcg l`giuie tcgbcg s`dck cgck-cgck4 3. Cgck-cgck p`rju tcmu icrc l`giuie tcgbcg a`gbcg n`gcr >. Ncgtucg acg ihgthm ycgb n`gcr l`rupckcg `j`l`g p`gtegb acjcl l`ln`gtuk k`necsccg l`giuie tcgbcg pcac cgck-cgck 9. Cgck-cgck ckcg n`jcdcr acre l`gihgthm, hj`m kcr`gc etu necrkcg l`r`kc l`gihgthm acre hrcgb-hrcgb a`wcsc ycgb l`rcwctgyc.
2 Jcgbkcm Jcgbkcm L`giuie Qcgbcg A`gbcg Ycnug Ycnug 3. L`giuie tcgbcg aencwcm cer l`gbcjer a`gbcg scnug. Bhshk t`jcpck tcgbcg ycgb sctu a`gbcg t`jcpck tcgbcg sctugyc. >. Q`jcpck tcgbcg kcgcg aectcs pugbbugb t`jcpck tcgbcg kere acg dcre scjegb l`gyejcgb. 9. Bhshk t`jcpck tcgbcg kere a`gbcg t`jcpck tcgbcg kcgcg acg dcre scjegb l`gyejcgb. 1. Vugbbugb dcre acre tcgbcg n`rjcwcgcg kere acg kcgcg n`rbcgtecg 0. Vutcr enu dcre acjcl t`jcpck tcgbcg ycgb n`rjcwcgcg. ?. Bhshk dcre ae t`jcpck tcgbcg ycgb n`rjcwcgcg 2. V`bcgb p`rb`jcgbcg tcgbcg kere a`gbcg tcgbcg kcgcg acg s`ncjekgyc a`gbcg b`rckcg l`lutcr.
I. DCDCGCG Y@MCQ
Lckcgcg dcdcgcg s`khjcm l`rupckcg lcscjcm ycgb p`rju l`gdcae p`rmctecg lcsycrckct, kmususgyc hrcgb tuc, p`gaeaek, acg p`gb`jhjc s`khjcm. Lckcgcg acg dcdcgcg s`khjcm scgbct n`r`sekh t`rmcacp i`lcrcg nehjhbes ctcu kelecwe ycgb ncgyck l`gbcgbbu k`s`mctcg, ncek dcgbkc p`ga`k lcupug dcgbkc pcgdcgb (O`nrumcrtcgty acg Eswcrcgte, >661). V`rk`lncgbcg lckcgcg dcdcgcg ae Egahg`sec suacm s`lckeg lcdu, tck t`rk`iucje ycgb aedcdckcg ae s`khjcm-s`khjcm, mcj ege acpct aejemct a`gbcg s`lckeg n`rcbclgyc lckcgcg dcdcgcg ycgb aetcwcrkcg ae s`tecp s`khjcm. Mclper ae s`tecp s`khjcm pcste aedulpce pcrc p`acbcgb lckcgcg dcdcgcg. Ege l`gahrhgb telnujgyc k`necsccg l`gbkhgsulse lckcgcg dcdcgcg pcac cgck s`khjcm t`rutclc pcac dcl estercmct s`khjcm. Gclug k`necsccg l`gbkhgsulse dcdcgcg s`mct lcsem kurcgb
aelejeke hj`m cgck-cgck s`khjcm. Y`jclc ege lcsem ncgyck dcdcgcg s`khjcm ycgb kurcgb t`rdcleg k`s`mctcggyc acg n`rpht`gse l`gy`ncnkcg k`rciugcg. A`gbcg ncgyckgyc lckcgcg ycgb l`gbcgaugb l`gbcgaugb ncmcg kelec n`rncmcyc ae pcscrcg, kcgtegkcgteg s`khjcm, acg p`gdcdc lckcgcg ae s`ketcr s`khjcm l`rupckcg cb`g p`gtegb ycgb nesc l`lnuct seswc l`gbkhgsulse lckcgcg teack s`mct. Cgck usec s`khjcm acscr l`rupckcg tetek cwcj l`gb`gcj s`khjcm ycgb s`sugbbumgyc a`gbcg kurekujul acg lctc p`jcdcrcg ycgb s`reus. V`gb`tcmucg beze acg khgsulse lckcgcg ycgb s`mct acg n`rbeze l`l`bcgb p`rcgcg p`gtegb acjcl tulnum k`lncgb l`r`kc. Dcdcgcg ycgb aelckcg hj`m seswc aemcrcpkcg t`rs`aec ae kcgteg s`khjcm ycgb luacm aecks`s acg a`gbcg mcrbc ycgb t`rdcgbkcu. V`rejcku khgsulse lckcg s`p`rte mcjgyc p`rejcku jceggyc pcac aere s`s`hrcgb, sctu k`jucrbc ctcu lcsycrckct aep`gbcrume hj`m wcwcscg acg icrc pcgacgb acg ockthr jceg ycgb n`rkcetcg a`gbcg tegackcg ycgb t`pct. Ae sese jceg, p`rejcku khgsulse lckcg aep`gbcrume pujc hj`m wcwcscg ctcu icrc pcgacgb s`s`hrcgb t`rmcacp lcscjcm beze. V`rejcku lckcg pcac acscrgyc l`rupckcg n`gtuk p`g`rcpcg k`necsccg lckcg (Kmhlscg, >669).
NCN 9 K@^CGBKC V@L@ICMCG LCYCJCM
Kurcgbgyc p`gyujumcg t`gtcgb k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut, icrc iuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr s`rtc dcdcgcg s`mct
V`gb`tcmucg t`gtcgb p`gtegbgyc k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut r`gacm
Q`rdcaegyc p`gycket bebe acg lujut, lcscjcm l`gb`gce p`rtulnumcg bebe
^`gacmgyc p`gb`tcmucg icrc iuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr s`rtc lcgocct iuie tcgbcg
Kurcgb t`rs`aecgyc dcdcgcg s`mct ae kcgteg s`khjcm, kurcgb p`gbcwcscg hrcgbtuc t`rmcacp phjc lckcg cgckgyc
Q`rdcaegyc p`gycket ycgb aeckenctkcg r`gacmgyc iuie tcgbcg acg dcdcgcg s`mct s`p`rte aecr`, lucj, lugtcm, k`rciugcg
f
L`gegbkctgyc p`gycket ycgb t`rdcae pcac cgck-cgck pcac usec p`rtulnumcg s`megbbc l`gbcgbbu l`gbcgbbu p`rk`lncgbcg b`g`rcse p`g`rus ncgbsc
V`gyujumcg k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut, icrc iuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr s`rtc dcdcgcg s`mct
NCN 1 L@QHA@ K@BECQCG
1.3 Rcktu K`bectcg Qel 3 (K`jcs 3,>)
3. V`gyujumcg icrc l`giuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr, dcdcgcg s`mct, acg k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut Mcre/tcgbbcj
4 Ycntu, 3? Dcgucre >63?
Rcktu
4 6=.66-36.66 REN
>. Yekct bebe n`rsclc Mcre/tcgbbcj
4 Ycntu, 3? Dcgucre >63?
Rcktu
4 36.66-36.96 REN
Qel > (K`jcs 9,1)
3. V`gyujumcg icrc l`giuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr, dcdcgcg s`mct, acg k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut Mcre/tcgbbcj
4 Ycntu, 3? Dcgucre >63?
Rcktu
4 36.66-33.96 REN
>. Yekct bebe n`rsclc Mcre/tcgbbcj
4 Ycntu, 3? Dcgucre >63?
Rcktu
4 33.96-3>.66 REN
1.> Jhkcse K`bectcg
V`gyujumcg icrc l`giuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr, dcdcgcg s`mct, acg k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut ae cujc LE GP Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes Kcnupct`g Lcjcgb s`acgbkcg sekct bebe n`rsclc ae jcpcgbcg LE GP Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes Kcnupct`g Lcjcgb
1.9 Ycscrcg K`bectcg
Ycscrcg k`bectcg V`gyujumcg ege aetudukcg ugtuk seswc k`jcs 3 sclpce 1 LE GP Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes Kcnupct`g Lcjcgb. Ycscrcg ege ckcg aencbe l`gdcae > tel, aelcgc tel 3 cacjcm k`jcs 3,> acg tel te l > cacjcm k`jcs 9,1.
1.1 L`tha` ycgb Aebugckcg
L`tha` ycgb aebugckcg ugtuk l`gicpce tuducg ycgb t`jcm aet`tcpkcg cacjcm s`ncbce n`rekut4 c. V`gyclpcecg lct`re Lct`re l`gb`gce p`gyujumcg aesclpcekcg a`gbcg phw`r phegt aelcgc t`racpct t`r acpct p`gb`rtecg, lcgocct, k`gcpc mcrus l`jckukcg acg kcpcg mcrus aejckukcg n. Aeskuse acg tcgyc dcwcn V`lct`re l`ln`rekcg n`n`rcpc p`rtcgyccg k`pcac lurea LE ugtuk l`gb`tcmue s`n`rcpc pcmcl l`r`kc a`gbcg lct`re acg aedcaekcg bcl` n`rmcaecm cbcr l`r`kc j`nem t`rtcrek a`gbcg lct`re. i. Vrckt`k sekct bebe n`rsclc Y`t`jcm aen`rekcg lct`re t`gtcgb k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut s`rtc aecdcrkcg icrc l`gbbhshk bebe ycgb n`gcr lckc lurea LE aen`re k`s`lpctcg ugtuk l`gbbhshk bebe n`rsclc ycgb aepcgau a`gbcg p`lct`re. L`r`kc aen`re sekct bebe acg pcstc bebe. a. V`lutcrcg vea`h V`lutcrcg vea`h ege dubc l`rupckcg icrc ugtuk l`gcrek lurea LE cbcr j`nem l`gyelck lct`re. _ea`h ycgb aen`rekcg s`icrc vesucj s`suce a`gbcg usec l`r`kc aelcgc aep`rcgkcg hj`m thkhm-thkhm cgelcse ycgb ugek. Aemcrcpkcg a`gbcg vea`h ege lurea LE j`nem egbct acg l`lcmcle lct`re ycgb aen`rekcg. `. Vrckt`k l`giuie tcgbcg n`rsclc Y`t`jcm aed`jcskcg lct`re l`giuie tcgbcg acg aecdcrkcg icrc l`giuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr, lurea LE aecdck ugtuk l`lprckt`kkcg l`giuie tcgbcg n`rsclc-sclc ae acjcl cujc. Y`n`jul aejckukcg p`gyujumcg, p`s`rtc s`icrc jcgbsugb aecrcmkcg a`gbcg p`rtcgyccg pr`t`st p`rtcgyccg pr`t`st ugtuk ugtuk l`gb`tcmue tegbkct p`lcmclcggyc. _`reoekcse dubc ckcg aejckukcg l`gbbugckcg p`rtcgyccg phst p`rtcgyccg phst t`st ae ae ckmer s`se. Vhst s`se. Vhst t`st aen`rekcg aen`rekcg acjcl n`gtuk p`rtcgyccg t`rtujes s`megbbc acpct j`nem l`gejce tegbkct tegbkct p`lcmclcg p`lcmclcg p`s`rtc. V`s`rtc aecgbbcp l`lcmcle lct`re dekc skhr pcac pr`t`st l`gacpctkcg kret`rec ncek (2?%-=6%). A`gbcg l`tha` ege ckcg acpct aek`tcmue `o`kteoetcs prhbrcl p`gyujumcg ycgb t`jcm kcle jckukcg. jckukcg.
NCN 0 ^CGICGBCG @_CJPCYE
L`tha` ycgb aebugckcg ugtuk l`gb`vcjucse k`bectcg ycgb ckcg aejckscgckcg cacjcm s`ncbce n`rekut4 3. @vcjucse Egput - Y`jurum cgbbhtc tel pkgl k`jhlphk 30 acpct mcaer cicrc egte k`iucje cjcscg ckca`lek - =6% p`s`rtc l`gbekute k`bectcg p`gyujumcg - Ycrcgc acg prcscrcgc ugtuk k`bectcg t`jcm secp s`n`jul cicrc aelujce >. @vcjucse Vrhs`s - Qcrb`t legelcj =6% seswc LE GP Yuln`rpcser t`rp`gume - V`s`rtc khhp`rcteo acg ckteo scct l`gbekute k`bectcg acre cwcj cicrc megbbc ckmer cicrc n`rjcgbsugb. 9. @vcjucse hutput @vcjucse ycgb ckcg aebugckcg cacjcm a`gbcg l`gbcackcg pr` t`st acg phst t`st pcac p`s`rtc. Vr`t`st n`rese n`n`rcpc shcj s hcj aes`nucm j`lncr k`rtcs a`gbcg pejemcg bcgac acg p`s`rtc aemcruskcg l`gdcwcn n`racscrkcg pejemcg bcgac ycgb t`jcm aes`aeckcg. Yhcj ycgb aen`rekcg k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut, icrc iuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek, acg dcdcgcg s`mct. K`luaecg, p`s`rtc l`gacpctkcg p`gyujumcg acg prckt`k n`rsclc ycgb n`rkcetcg a`gbcg ese pr`pr` t`st. Y`t`jcm p`gyujumcg acg prckt`k n`rsclc s`j`sce, p`s`rtc ckcg l`jckscgckcg phst-t`st. Vhst-t`st ege n`rougbse s`ncbce l`aec ugtuk l`gb`tcmue s`dcum lcgc p`lcmclcg p`s`rtc t`rmcacp p`gyujumcg ycgb t`jcm aen`rekcg. Yhcj pr`-t`st sclc a`gbcg shcj phst-t`st. L`gurut Gurscjcl (>66=), kret`rec ugtuk l`gejce tegbkct p`gb`tcmucg aencbe l`gdcae tebc kct`bhre4 c. Qegbkct p`gb`tcmucg ncek cpcnejc skhr ctcu gejce4 (2?-366%) n. Qegbkct p`gb`tcmucg iukup iukup cpcnejc skhr ctcu gejce4 (0?-20%) i. Qegbkct p`gb`tcmucg kurcgb cpcnejc skhr ctcu gejce4 (: 0?%)
NCN ? DCARCJ V@JCKYCGCCG K@BECQCG
?.3 Dcawcj V`jckscgccg K`bectcg Qcgbbcj
K`bectcg
Egaekcthr
Qcrb`t V`s`rtc
0 Dcgucre
Yurv`y
K`pcjc A`sc,
L`gacpctkcg actc acre A`sc
>63?
Jcpcgbcg
Neacg A`sc,
Yuln`rpcser, V`rcwct A`sc, Neacg
V`rcwct
A`sc acg Kca`r t`rkcet lcscjcm
A`sc,Kca`r.
k`s`mctcg.
Ahs`g
L`gd`jcskcg mcsej surv`y acg
V`lnelnegb
nelnegbcg l`gb`gce lcscjcm ycgb
? Dcgucre
Khgsujtcse
>63?
cac ae a`sc t`rs`nut
- Legelcj 06% p`rcgbkct a`sc, t`gcbc
2 Dcgucre
Yhsecjescse
K`pcjc
>63?
VKGL
Vusk`slcs
k`s`mctcg, s`rtc lcmcseswc mcaer
K`iclctcg Vckes,
pcac cicrc shsecjescse.
Q`gcbc K`s`mctcg A`sc Yuln`rpcser
- L`gacpctkcg
actc
jcgdutcg
acre
surv`y p`rtclc.
- L`gacpctkcg p`gbcrcmcg t`gtcgb lcscjcm
ycgb
cac
acg
r`gicgc
l`gbctcsegyc. 2 Dcgucre
Khgsujtcse
>63?
Ahs`g V`lnelnegb
- Khgsujtcse l`gb`gce mcsej surv`y jcgdutcg
- V`gd`jcscg
l`gb`gce
tubcs
p`lnelnegb = Dcgucre >63?
^cpct
K`jhlphk 30
- V`rk`gcjcg
VKGL >63?
- V`lncbecg tubcs s`icrc jcgbsugb - V`gd`jcscg mcsej surv`y acg r`gicgc surv`y jcpcgbcg
5 Dcgucre
Yurv`y
Vemck LE GP
L`gacpctkcg actc acre s`khjcm
>63?
Jcpcgbcg
Yuln`rpcser
t`rs`nut acg p`gacpct buru l`gb`gce
acg
K`iclctcg Vckes
p`gyujumcg cpc ycgb ycgb t`pct a`gbcg
k`rdcsclc
k`caccg seswcgyc.
a`gbcg pemck t`rkcet 36
V`gyusugcg
K`jhlphk 30
Lcsegb-lcsegb cgbbhtc k`jhlphk
Dcgucre
Vrhphscj
VKGL >63?
l`gb`rdckcg ncbecg prhphscj lcsegb-
>63?
lcsegb s`suce a`gbcg tubcsgyc.
33
Hp`gegb
K`pcjc A`sc,
- Ppcicrc p`lnukccg VKGL >63?
Dcgucre
I`r`lhgy
Neacg A`sc,
- V`gd`jcscg cicrc k` pemck t`rkcet
>63?
aejcgdutkcg
V`rcwct
a`gbcg
A`sc,Kca`r/
khgoerlcse
Dcdcrcg p`rcgbkct
cicrc k`
a`sc Yuln`rpcser,
pemck t`rkcet
LE GP Yuln`rpcser
3>
Khgsujtcse
Dcgucre
Ahs`g
- L`gy`rcmkcg prhphscj
p`lnelnegb
- V`gd`jcscg
>63?
cicrc
ycgb
ckcg
lct`re
ycgb
ckcg
cpc
scdc
ycgb
aejckukcg
39
L`gyecpkcg
K`jhlphk 30
Dcgucre
lct`re
VKGL >63?
^cpct
K`jhlphk 30
- V`rsecpcg aesclpcekcg
>63? 30 Dcgucre >63?
VKGL >63?
- L`gyecpkcg
aenutumkcg s`jclc cicrc
- V`rsecpcg s`n`jul mcre-M
3?
V`gyujumcg
K`jhlphk 30
Dcgucre
K`s`mctcg
VKGL >63?,
>63?
Bebe acg
Vemck LE GP
Lujut acg
Yuln`rpcser
Yekct bebe
K`iclctcg Vckes
n`rsclc
- V`gyujumcg/`aukcse
aeekute
hj`m
legelcj =6% seswc-seswe LE.
- V`s`rtc acpct l`lcmcle 26% lct`re ycgb aesclpcekcg
- V`s`rtc acpct l`lprckt`kkcg icrc l`gbbhshk
bebe
s`suce
ycgb
aeekute
hj`m
aeihgthmkcg 3?
V`gyujumcg
K`jhlphk 30
Dcgucre
icrc iuie
VKGL >63?,
>63?
tcgbcg ycgb
Vemck LE GP
ncek acg
Yuln`rpcser
n`gcr s`rtc
K`iclctcg Vckes
dcdcgcg s`mct
- V`gyujumcg/`aukcse
legelcj =6% seswc-seswe LE.
- V`s`rtc acpct l`lcmcle 26% lct`re ycgb aesclpcekcg
- V`s`rtc acpct l`lprckt`kkcg icrc l`giuie
tcgbcg
s`suce
ycgb
3=
^cpct
K`jhlphk 30
aeihgthmkcg L`gb`vcjucse k`bectcg ycgb t`jcm
Dcgucre
Egt`rgcj
VKGL >63?
aejckscgckcg.
>63?
K`jhlphk
35
V`rsecpcg
K`jhlphk 30
Y`tecp cgbbhtc k`jhlphk l`gacpct
Dcgucre
jcphrcg
VKGL >63?
tubcs lcsegb-lcsegb
Khgsujtcse
Ahs`g
Khgsujtcse mcsej jcphrcg s`t`jcm
p`lnelnegb
p`gyujumcg acg p`rsecpcg ohjjhw up
>63? >6 Dcgucre >63? >3
Ohjjhw up
LE GP
Ohjhw up s`t`jcm k`bectcg p`gyujumcg
Dcgucre
acg
Yuln`rpcser acg
acg l`gy`rcmkcg jcphrcg
>63?
l`gy`rcmkcg
V`rcwct a`sc
jcphrcg
>>
Ijhsegb
K`pcjc A`sc,
Dcgucre
I`r`lhgy
Neacg A`sc,
>63?
Ppcicrc p`gutupcg VKGL >63?
V`rcwct A`sc,Kca`r/ Dcdcrcg p`rcgbkct a`sc Yuln`rpcser, LE GP Yuln`rpcser
>5
Vr`s`gtcse
K`jhlphk 30
?6% cgbbhtc k`jhlphk l`gbekute
Dcgucre
VKGL acg ahs`g pr`s`gtcse
>63?
V`lnelnegb
?.> ^ugahwg Cicrc
6?.66-62.66
4 V`rsecpcg+N`rcgbkct l`gudu a`sc
62.96-6=.66
4 Yclpce ae LE GP Yuln`rpcser acg l`lp`rsecpkcg cicrc
6=.66-36.66
4 V`lnukccg,pr`t`st ycgb aejcgdutkcg p`gyujumcg dcdcgcg s`mct, iuie tcgbcg, k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut pcac tel 3 (k`jcs 3,>)
36.66-36.96
4 Vrckt`k sekct bebe n`rsclc pcac pcac tel 3 (k`jcs 3,>)
36.66-33.66
4 pr`t`st ycgb aejcgdutkcg p`gyujumcg dcdcgcg s`mct, iuie tcgbcg, k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut pcac tel > (k`jcs 9,1)
33.96-3>.66
4 Vrckt`k sekct bebe n`rsclc pcac pcac tel > (k`jcs 9,1)
3>.66-3>.96
4 V`gutupcg, p`gy`rcmcg vcga`j, ohth n`rsclc aejcgdutkcg n`rsem n`rsem cr`c LE GP Yuln`rpcser
3>.96-39.66
4 @vcjucse ae phjega`s
NCN 2 MCYEJ ACG V@LNCMCYCG
Y`icrc bcres n`scr, k`bectcg egt`rv`gse VKGL k`jhlphk 30 ycgb aejckukcg ae A`sc Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes s`jclc p`reha` 33 Dcgucre->> Dcgucre >63? cacjcm4 3. V`gyujumcg K`s`mctcg Bebe acg Lujut acg Yekct bebe n`rsclc >. V`gyujumcg Icrc l`giuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr s`rtc Dcdcgcg Y`mct
2.3 V`gyujumcg K`s`mctcg Bebe acg Lujut acg Yekct bebe n`rsclc, V`gyujumcg Icrc l`giuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr s`rtc Dcdcgcg Y`mct Y`mct 2.3.3 Rcktu acg Q`lpct V`jckscgccg Qel 3 (K`jcs 3,>)
3. V`gyujumcg icrc l`giuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr, dcdcgcg s`mct, acg k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut Mcre/tcgbbcj
4 Ycntu, 3? Dcgucre >630
Rcktu
4 6=.66-36.66 REN
Q`lpct
4 Cujc LE GP Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes Kcnupct`g Lcjcgb.
>. Yekct bebe n`rsclc Mcre/tcgbbcj
4 Ycntu, 3? Dcgucre >63?
Rcktu
4 36.66-36.96 REN
Q`lpct
4
Jcpcgbcg LE GP
Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg
Vckes
Kcnupct`g Lcjcgb. Qel > (K`jcs 9,1)
3. V`gyujumcg icrc l`giuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr, dcdcgcg s`mct, acg k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut Mcre/tcgbbcj
4 Ycntu, 3? Dcgucre >630
Rcktu
4 36.66-33.96 REN
Q`lpct
4 Cujc LE GP Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes Kcnupct`g Lcjcgb.
>. Yekct bebe n`rsclc Mcre/tcgbbcj
4 Ycntu, 3? Dcgucre >63?
Rcktu
4 33.96-3>.66 REN
Q`lpct
4 Jcpcgbcg LE GP Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes Kcnupct`g Lcjcgb
2.3.> V`s`rtc
V`s`rtc k`bectcg V`gyujumcg ege aetudukcg ugtuk seswc k`jcs 3 sclpce 1 LE GP Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes Kcnupct`g Lcjcgb. Ycscrcg ege ckcg aencbe l`gdcae > tel, aelcgc tel 3 cacjcm k`jcs 3,> acg tel > cacjcm k`jcs 9,1. Duljcm thtcj p`s`rtc a`gbcg regiecg s`ncbce n`rekut4 V`s`rtc
Duljcm
Mcaer
K`jcs 3
11
16
K`jcs >
92
93
K`jcs 9
16
92
K`jcs 1
13
90
Qhtcj
3?> (366%)
319 (==,>2%)
2.3.9 Ycscrcg/ Qcrb`t K`bectcg
Ycscrcg k`bectcg V`gyujumcg ege aetudukcg ugtuk seswc k`jcs 3 sclpce 1 LE GP Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes Kcnupct`g Lcjcgb. Ycscrcg ege ckcg aencbe l`gdcae > tel, aelcgc tel 3 cacjcm k`jcs 3,> acg tel > cacjcm c acjcm k`jcs 9,1. 2.3.1 Quducg K`bectcg
3) L`ln`rekcg p`gyujumcg t`gtcgb p`rejcku meaup n`rsem acg s`mct a`gbcg l`gdcbc k`n`rsemcg bebe acg lujut, l`giuie tcgbcg a`gbcg ncek acg n`gcr s`rtc dcdcgcg s`mct A`sc Yuln`rpcser K`iclctcg Vckes.
>) L`gi`bcm acg l`gurugkcg egsea`g k`dcaecg p`gycket p`gycket bebe acg lujut, s`rtc scjurcg p`gi`rgccg.
2.3.0 Dcawcj K`bectcg ^egie
6?.66-62.66
4 V`rsecpcg+N`rcgbkct l`gudu a`sc
62.96-6=.66
4 Yclpce ae LE GP Yuln`rpcser acg l`lp`rsecpkcg cicrc
6=.66-36.66
4 V`lnukccg,pr`t`st ycgb aejcgdutkcg p`gyujumcg dcdcgcg s`mct, iuie tcgbcg, k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut pcac tel 3 (k`jcs 3,>)
36.66-36.96
4 Vrckt`k sekct bebe n`rsclc pcac pcac tel 3 (k`jcs 3,>)
36.66-33.66
4 pr`t`st ycgb ycgb aejcgdutkcg p`gyujumcg dcdcgcg s`mct, iuie tcgbcg, k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut pcac tel > (k`jcs 9,1)
33.96-3>.66
4 Vrckt`k sekct bebe n`rsclc pcac pcac tel > (k`jcs 9,1)
3>.66-3>.96
4 V`gutupcg, p`gy`rcmcg vcga`j, ohth n`rsclc aejcgdutkcg n`rsem n`rsem cr`c LE GP Yuln`rpcser
3>.96-39.66
4 @vcjucse ae phjega`s l`gb`gce cicrc
2.3.? V`gicpcecg Mcsej
Egaekcthr k`n`rmcsejcg acre k`bectcg p`gyujumcg ege cacjcm p`gyujumcg aeekute hj`m legelcj =6% seswc-seswe LE acg p`s`rtc acpct l`lcmcle 26% lct`re ycgb aesclpcekcg
2.3.2 V`jckscgccg K`bectcg
K`bectcg p`gyujumcg aejckscgckcg s`suce dcawcj ycgb suacm aes`pckcte a`gbcg pemck LE GP Yuln`rpcser.
Yetucse p`jckscgccg
V`jckscgccg k`bectcg n`rdcjcg jcgicr acg suks`s, a`gbcg cgtusecs p`s`rtc ycgb tegbbe aejemct acre tegbbegyc cgbkc k`mcaercg p`s`rtc acg k`ckteocg p`s`rtc.
Cgcjeses YRHQ
Ytr`gbtm
3. Cgbbhtc k`jhlphk aencbe
R`ckg`ss
3. V`rn`accg dcawcj cktevetcs
l`gdcae > tel n`rcscj acre 9
l`lnctcse k`s`lpctcg
prhae n`rn`ac ycetu ycgb
k`jhlphk n`rkulpuj s`icrc
n`rpht`gse s`ncbce ncmcg
j`gbkcp.
trcgso`r p`gb`tcmucg pcac tcrb`t
>. Kurcgbgyc p`gbcjclcg
scscrcg p`gyujumcg.
k`bectcg p`gyujumcg s`rupc
>. K`lclpucg hrbcgescse acg
s`n`julgyc s`megbbc
lcgcd`l`g cgbbhtc k`jhlphk
k`lclpucg l`gbcgcjeses
acjcl l`gy`j`gbcrckcg cicrc.
pht`gse lcscjcm t`rutclc
9. K`lclpucg n`rkhlugekcse
l`gycgbkut mcj t`kges,
cgtcr cgbbhtc k`jhlphk ncek
kurcgb.
hoojeg` lcupug hgjeg`. Hpphrtugety
3. V`s`rtc cgtusecs a`gbcg p`gyujumcg ycgb aen`rekcg >. V`s`rtc n`rs`aec l`jucgbkcg wcktu acjcl l`gbmcaere p`gyujumcg 9. Yclnutcg ncek acre pemck LE GP Yuln`rpcser 1. V`g`relccg ycgb ncek hj`m k`pcjc a`sc Yuln`rpcser ckcg cacgyc k`bectcg p`gyujumcg ege. 0. Aukugbcg ycgb phseteo acre p`lnelnegb ycgb suacm suacm scgbct l`gb`gcj setucse t`lpct p`gyujumcg a`sc Yuln`rpcser.
Qmr`ct
3. V`s`rtc t`rjcju ckteo acg cgtusecs s`megbbc khgaese k`jcs kurcgb khgauseo ckenct rclce.
2.3.= Cgcjeses Qegbkct K`n`rmcsejcg Vrhbrcl
Vrhbrcl p`gyujumcg ege acpct aekctckcg n`rmcsej kcr`gc cgbkc k`mcaercg p`s`rtc s`n`scr ==,>2% ycgb l`l`gume egaeicthr egaeicthr k`n`rmcsejcg k`n`rmcsejcg legelcj =6% seswcseswe LE. Ockthr-ockthr k`n`rmcsejcg prhbrcl4 3. Vcrtesepcse p`s`rtc ncek >. Cgtusecsl` p`s`rtc ycgb phseteo 9. V`gb`tcmucg p`s`rtc ycgb l`gegbkct 1. K`rdcsclc cgbbhtc k`jhlphk 0. Lct`re ycgb l`gcrek ?. Aukugbcg ycgb ncek acre pemck LE GP Yuln`rpcser 2.> @vcjucse Vr`t`s acg Vhst`s
V`gejcecg-p`gejcecg aeacscrkcg pcac suctu kret`rec ycgb aet`gtukcg s`gaere ctcu l`gbbugckcg kret`rec-kret`rec ycgb t`jcm cac. L`gurut Gurscjcl (>66=), kret`rec ugtuk l`gejce tegbkct p`gb`tcmucg aencbe l`gdcae tebc kct`bhre4 c. Qegbkct p`gb`tcmucg ncek cpcnejc skhr ctcu gejce4 (2?-366%) ( 2?-366%) n. Qegbkct p`gb`tcmucg iukup cpcnejc skhr ctcu gejce4 (0?-20%) i. Qegbkct p`gb`tcmucg kurcgb cpcnejc skhr ctcu gejce4 (: 0?%)
V`s`rtc
Vr`t`st
Vhstt`st
K`jcs 3
?0,=1% (iukup)
=6,02% (ncek)
K`jcs > K`jcs 9
26,?0% (iukup) ?>,0% (iukup)
25,?=% (ncek) =2,19% (ncek)
K`jcs 1
?>,03% (iukup)
=>,5% (ncek)
^ctc-rctc
?0,92% (iukup)
=>,?0% (ncek)
Vr`t`st aejckukcg s`n`jul lct`re aen`rekcg. Nejc aejemct acre mcsej pr` t`st (jclpercg), aep`rhj`m rctc-rctc p`rs`gtcs` gejce pr`t`st s`n`scr ?0,92%, dcae tegbkct p`gb`tcmucg p`s`rtc s`n`jul aejckukcg egt`rv`gse prhbrcl n`rcac pcac tegbkct p`gb`tcmucg iukup. Vhstt`st aejckukcg pcac ckmer prhbrcl acg aeacpctkcg gejce rctc-rctc p`rs`gtcs` phstt`st s`n`scr =>,?0%. Dcae, tegbkct p`gb`tcmucg p`s`rtc l`gegbkct
pcac tegbkct t egbkct ncek. Mcj ege n`rcrte t`racpct p`rn`accg ycgb n`rlckgc pcac tegbkct p`gb`tcmucg p`s`rtc. Y`megbbc k`bectcg egt`rv`gse pcac LE GP Yuln`rpcser, Yuln`rpcser, A`sc Yuln`rpcser, K`iclctcg Vckes, Lcjcgb, aekctckcg acpct l`gegbkctkcg tegbkct p`gb`tcmucg l`gb`gce k`s`mctcg bebe acg lujut, icrc iuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr s`rtc dcdcgc s`mct. Egaekcthr Egaekcthr k`n`rmcsejcg t`ricpce kcr`gc tegbkct p`gb`tcmucg seswc j`nem acre 26%.
2.9 Mcsej `vcjucse ( O hjjh jjhw w up) up) K`jcs
Yhcj 3
Yhcj >
Yhcj 9
Yhcj 1
Yhcj 0
Yhcj ?
Eyc
Qak
Eyc
Qak
Eyc
Qak
Eyc
Qak
Eyc
Qak
Eyc
Qak
3 (1>)
13
3
16
>
95
9
9=
1
5
99
16
>
> (9>)
93
3
93
3
96
>
>5
9
9
>5
>5
9
9 (9=)
90
9
9?
>
92
3
99
0
6
9=
9=
6
1 (92)
90
>
9?
3
9?
3
9>
0
>
90
90
>
Qhtcj (315)
31> (50,9% )
2 (1,2%)
319 (5?% )
? (1%)
31> (50,9 %)
2 (1,2 %)
39> (==,? %)
32 (33,1 %)
31 (5,1% )
390 (56,? %)
31> (50,9 %)
2 (1,2 %)
Acre mcsej `vcjucse l`gugdukkcg ncmwc s`ncbecg n`scr lurea LE GP Yuln`rpcser suacm l`g`rcpkcg pcac k`s`mcrecggyc s`suce a`gbcg lct`re ycgb suacm aen`rekcg scct p`gyujumcg.
NCN = V@GPQPV
=.3 K`selpujcg
3. Duljcm p`s`rtc 319 hrcgb acre 3?> hrcgb ycetu ==,9% s`megbbc duljcm scscrcg ycgb l`gbekute k`bectcg t`ricpce >. Vrhbrcl acpct aekctckcg n`rmcsej kcr`gc ycgb l`gbekute k`bectcg cacjcm j`nem acre =6% ycetu ==,9% acg p`gb`tcmucg seswc j`nem acre 26% ycetu =>,?0% 9. V`jckscgccg k`bectcg p`gyujumcg k`n`rsemcg bebe acg lujut, icrc iuie tcgbcg ycgb ncek acg n`gcr, dcdcgcg s`mct acg prckt`k bhshk bebe n`rsclc aesclnut a`gbcg ncek acg cgtusecs hj`m LE GP Yuln`rpcser 1. Mcsej `vcjucse (ohjjhw up) l`gugdukkcg ncmwcs`ncbecg n`scr lurea LE GP Yuln`rpcser suacm l`g`rcpkcg pcac k`s`mcrecggyc s`suce a`gbcg lct`re ycgb suacm aen`rekcg scct p`gyujumcg.
=.> Ycrcg
3. V`rju aejckukcg p`gyujumcg t`gtcgb lct`re jceg. >. V`rju aen`rekcg ohjjhw up n`rkcjc ugtuk l`gb`tcmue p`rk`lncgbcg seswc s`t`jcm aen`re p`gyujumcg
NCN 5 ^@KCVEQPJCYE V@GBBPGCCG ACGC
V`lcsukcg
Eurcg
33 ] ^p 336.666,66 Qhtcj V`lcsukcg
^p 556.666,66 ^p 3.>36.666,66
V`gb`jucrcg
V`rcjctcg K`bectcg
Yekct bebe
?5]F^p >.266
^p 3=?.966
Yekct bebe
0>]F^p >.066
^p 396.666
Yekct bebe
32]F^p 9.666
^p 03.666
Yekct bebe
>1]F^p >.166
^p 02.?66
Yekct bebe
2]F^p 9.306
^p >>.606
Y`ahtcg
3
B`jcs pjcstek
1]F^p 36.666
^p 16.666
Q`lpct sclpcm
36]F^p =.666
^p =6.666
_cga`j
3
^p 06.666
Vhst`r
>1]F^p 9066
^p =1.666
Ohthkhpe pr`t`st acg
=>]F^p >66
^p 3?.166
^p 3.666
phst`tst Csturh p`jcgbe
3
^p 9.666
I`tck ohth k`gcgb-
>]F^p 3>.066
^p >0.666
Veburc ohth
>]F^p >?.666
^p 0>.666
Qcs
>]F^p 0.666
^p 36.666
Yusu khtck
>>]F^p >.366
^p 1?.>66
Cer legul nhthj
>6]F^p 3.966
^p >?.666
k`gcgbcg
Ncmcg k`bectcg
Vcstc bebe
3?]F^p 9.>66
^p 03.>66
Ku` Jcretc
>6xF^p ?.666
^p 3>6.666
Eurcg a`sc Qhtcj p`gb`jucrcg Yesc
^p 39=.266 ^p 3.356.106 ^p 35.006
ACOQC^ VPYQCKC
Cgbbrc`ge, Aecm Dcycgte, Munugbcg V`rcwctcg Bebe A`gbcg V`rtulnumcg Bebe Lhjcr 9 Lcmcseswc Vrhbrcl Ytuae Ejlu K`p`rcwctcg Ockujtcs Ejlu-Ejlu K`s`mctcg PVG _`t`rcg Dckcrtc Qcmug >665, >665, jcphrcg p`g`jetecg (Dckcrtc4 Pgev`rsetcs V`lncgbugcg Gcsehgcj _`t`rcg, >665). N`sohra, Dhmg. (355?). L`gb`gcj Bebe Cgac V`tugduk Ncbe Hrcgb Quc. Quc. Dckcrtc4 C^ICG Icrrcgzc OC. >66?. Ijegeicj V`rehahgthjhby. V`rehahgthjhby. Yt. Jhues, Lesshure 4 Ycuga`rs @js`ve`r, Egi. 5. p. >1. Awecte J. J. V`gbcrum V`gbcrum lha`j p`gi`bcmcg kcre`s bebe acg begbevetes t`rmcacp t`r mcacp stctus k`s`mctcg bebe cgck s`khjcm acg `oese`gse suln`r acyc prhbrcl PKBY ae Vrhvegse AKE Dckcrtc tcmug >66> >66>.. O`nrumcrtcgty, D, & Eswcrcwcgte, A.G. Qcgpc tcmug. Clcgkcm Lckcgcg Dcdcgcg Cgck Y`khjcm ae Egahg`sec8. Egahg`sec8. Aecks`s 4 5 Dcgucre >63?. mttp4www.beze.g`t/ibe-neg/n`retc/oujjg`ws.ibe/g`wsea Erimcl. (>669). V`gycket-p`gycket (>669). V`gycket-p`gycket bebe acg lujut p`gi`bcmcg acg p`rcwctcggyc. p`rcwctcggyc. Uhbyckcrtc 4 Jen`rty. Eswcrcgte., Readcdcrtc L.,acg O`nrumcrtcgty D. Qcgpc tcmug. Dcdcgcg ae Egahg`sec N`rkucjetcs Nuruk . Aecks`s 4 = Dcgucre >63?. >63?. mttp4//www.r`punjekc.ih.ea. mttp4//www.r`punjekc.ih.ea. Kmhlscg, C. >669. Vcgbcg >669. Vcgbcg acg Beze Pgtuk K`s`mctcg K`s` mctcg.. Egstetut V`rtcgecg Nhbhr. Dckcrtc. Keaa @CL, N`imcj YD. >63>. Acscr-Acscr >63>. Acscr-Acscr Kcre`s-V`gycket acg V`gcgbbujcgbcg V`gcgbbujcgbcg.. Dckcrtc4 Nuku K`ahkt`rcg @BI. p.>. Lcgsdh`r, C. (>665). Kcpetc (>665). Kcpetc Y`j`ktc K`ahkt`rcg. K`ahkt`rcg. Dckcrtc 4 L`aec C`siujcpeus. LiAhgcja, ^.@., Acvea ^.C. 3551. A`gtestry 3551. A`gtestry ohr tm` Imeja cga Cahj`si`gt . Yextm @aetehg. Yt. Jhues 4 Lhsny Ge`ja, D.Y. >669. A@ >669. A@ Ohugactehg Ohugactehg ho V`rehahgtetes V`rehahgtetes ohr A`gtcj Mybe`gest Mybe`gest .Vmejca`jpec4 .Vmejca`jpec4 Jeppegihtt, Rejjecls cga Rejkegs. Gurscjcl. >66=. >66=. Khgs`p Khgs`p acg V`g`rcpcg L`thahjhbe V`g`jetecg Ejlu K`p`rcwctcg, K`p`rcwctcg, V`ahlcg YKrepse, Q`ses, acg Egstrul`g V`g`jetecg K`p`rcwctcg. Dckcrtc4 Ycj`lnc L`aekc. ^cmlcamcg, B.C. (>636). Y`rnc-s`rne K`s`mctcg Bebe & Lujut . Dckcrtc Y`jctcg 4 V`g`rnet Nukug`. Yurycwcte VG. >636. 366 V`rtcgyccg V`gtegb V`rcwctcg Bebe Cgck . Dckcrtc4 Aecg ^ckyct.
Tctgekc Ees. >636. =5% Cgck A`retc V`gycket Bebe acg Lujut . Cvcejcnj` orhl 4 mttp4//www.pabe-hgjeg`.ihl. (Cii`s tbj 36 Dcgucre >63?)
Jclpercg 3 Yhcj ugtuk @vcjucse Cicrc Gclc4
K`jcs4
3. Iere-iere dcdcgcg ycgb teack clcg ecjcm
c. N`rwcrgc l`gihjhk acg aek`runugbe jcjct n. N`rwcrgc teack l`gihjhk acg teack cac jcjct >. Cpcnejc lckcgcg ketc dctum, cpc ycgb mcrus aejckukcg8
c. Qeack aelckcg acg aenucgb n. Q`tcp aelckcg 9. N`rcpc kcje s`mcre legelcj l`gbbhshk bebe acg kcpcg ketc mcrus l`gbbhshk bebe8
c. >x, s`t`jcm lckcg acg s`n`jul teaur n. >x, s`n`jul lckcg acg s`t`jcm teaur 1. Cpckcm ycgb mcrus aen`rsemkcg s`t`jcm l`bbhshk bebe8
c. Jeacm n. Lctc 0. Cac n`rcpc jcgbkcm iuie tcgbcg8
c. 2 jcgbkcm n. 5 jcgbkcm ?. Kcpcg ketc mcrus l`giuie tcgbcg8
c. Y`n`jul lcgae n. Y`n`jul lckcg
Jclpercg > Actc Mcsej Vr`t`st acg Vhst`st Lurea LE GP Yuln`rpcser, K`iclctcg Vckes, Lcjcgb
Jclpercg 9 Vr`s`gtcs` V`gegbkctcg Qegbkct V`gb`tcmucg Yeswc LE GP Yuln`rpcser
366 e c j e g c t c r c t c r ` s c t g ` s r ` V
56 =2.19
=6 =6.02
26 ?6
?0.=1
=>.5
25.?= 26.?0 ?>.0
06
?>.03
16 96 >6 36 6 K`jcs 3
K`jcs >
Vr`t`st
K`jcs 9
K`jcs 1
Vhstt`st
Q`rdcae p`gegbkctcg tegbkct p`gb`tcmucg seswc LE GP Yuln`rpcser s`n`jul acg s`t`jcm aen`rekcg lct`re p`gyujumcg
Jclpercg 1 Yhcj `vcjucse ( ohjjhw up up)) Gclc J`gbkcp4
K`jcs4
Yuacmkcm l`gyekct bebe s`n`jul teaur8 Yuacmkcm l`ln`rsemkcg jeacm s`t`jcm l`gbbhshk bebe8 Yuacmkcm l`giuie tcgbcg a`gbcg scnug acg cer l`gbcjer8 Yuacmkcm l`giuie tcgbcg a`gbcg tudum jcgbkcm8 Cpckcm lckcgcg ycgb dctum acg aemegbbcpe jcjct l`rupckcg lckcgcg ycgb s`mct8 Cpckcm lckcgcg t`rs`nut t`rlcsuk lckcgcg s`mct8
Eyc
Qeack
Jclpercg 0 Cns`gse Cgbbhtc K`jhlphk 30
K@L@GQ^ECG ^EY@Q Q@KGHJHBE ACG V@GAEAEKCG QEGBBE QE GBBE PGE_@^YEQCY N^CREDCUC
OCKPJQCY K@AHKQ@^CG Dcjcg _`t`rcg Lcjcgb ’ ?0310, ?0310, Dcwc Qelur ’ Egahg`sec Egahg`sec Qjp. (6913) 003?33 p`s. >39.>31; 0?5332, 0?235> ’ Ocx. Ocx. (6913) 0?1200 `-lcej 4 s`kr.okFun.ci.ea mttp4//www.ok.un.ci.ea
VKGL (Vrhbrcl Kcryc Gyctc Lcmcseswc) V`gyujumcg LE GP Yuln`rpcser Acotcr Mcaer Vcgetec Mcre/Qcgbbcj 4 Ycntu, 3? Dcgucre >63? Dcl 4 62.66-39.66 Rcktu 4 LE GP Yuln`rpcser Gh
3 > 9 1 0 ?
Gclc
GEL
LC^AJCQMEJJCM L. C.
3>062636633361? 3>062636633361?
CGBBC CGA^@ OCM^ETCJ
3>0626366333612
AM@JEJC GPYC B@LVEQC
3>062636633361=
L@UAC YCNE@JJC I.
3>0626>66333690
GH_ECG CGA^EUCGQE
3>0626>6633369?
^ETKE YEJOECGC
3>0626>66333692
QQA
3
> 9 1 0 ? 2
2 = 5 36 33
IJC^@QQC YC^CYRCQE
3>0626966333693
CO^E@JEC JCEJU R.
3>062696633369>
GEKU EYC MCVYC^E
3>0626166333630
YEYKC CLCGAC CLCA@C
3>0626066333631
Y@JJU KC^EGC OEQ^E
3>0626?66333630
= 5 36 33
K@L@GQ^ECG ^EY@Q Q@KGHJHBE ACG V@GAEAEKCG QEGBBE QE GBBE PGE_@^YEQCY N^CREDCUC
OCKPJQCY K@AHKQ@^CG Dcjcg _`t`rcg Lcjcgb ’ ?0310, ?0310, Dcwc Qelur ’ Egahg`sec Egahg`sec Qjp. (6913) 003?33 p`s. >39.>31; 0?5332, 0?235> ’ Ocx. Ocx. (6913) 0?1200 `-lcej 4 s`kr.okFun.ci.ea mttp4//www.ok.un.ci.ea
VKGL (Vrhbrcl Kcryc Gyctc Lcmcseswc) Ohjjhw up LE GP Yuln`rpcser Acotcr Mcaer Vcgetec Mcre/Qcgbbcj 4 Kcles, >3 Dcgucre >63? Dcl 4 62.66-36.66 Rcktu 4 LE GP Yuln`rpcser Gh
3 > 9 1 0 ?
Gclc
GEL
LC^AJCQMEJJCM L. C.
3>062636633361? 3>062636633361?
CGBBC CGA^@ OCM^ETCJ
3>0626366333612
AM@JEJC GPYC B@LVEQC
3>062636633361=
L@UAC YCNE@JJC I.
3>0626>66333690
GH_ECG CGA^EUCGQE
3>0626>6633369?
^ETKE YEJOECGC
3>0626>66333692
QQA
3
> 9 1 0 ? 2
2 = 5 36 33
IJC^@QQC YC^CYRCQE
3>0626966333693
CO^E@JEC JCEJU R.
3>062696633369>
GEKU EYC MCVYC^E
3>0626166333630
YEYKC CLCGAC CLCA@C
3>0626066333631
Y@JJU KC^EGC OEQ^E
3>0626?66333630
= 5 36 33
Jclpercg ? Ghtc
Jclpercg 2 Ahkul`gtcse K`bectcg
View more...
Comments
